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Stockholm, 29th of August of 2012
Building capacity of local governments for scaling of rural sanitation and hygiene
Sustainable Sanitation and Hygiene for All
What do we need to achieve in terms of capacity?
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1. Sanitation demand creation
•Steer and implement sanitation demand creation
2. Market-based sanitation supply chains
•To stimulate and develop market-based solutions for a variety of consumer needs and preferences in place
3. Behavioural change communication
•Capacity for long term hygiene behavioural change communication locally
4. WASH Governance
•Mainstreaming in local planning, budgeting, pro-poor support
•Certification, standards, enforcement
5. Learning and sharing
• Practice of collaboration and learning, practice of local learning and performance monitoring
Scaling, an elastic concept
4
Thinking at scale
Proof of concept: Accelerated government-led progress is possible
Nation-wide
Strategic choice of geographical scope
• Area wide versus target villages
• Right scale for synergies with market and governance activities
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• Engaging
different
administrative
levels
• Making
progress visible
Political buy-in, commitment, leadership
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Regional joint commitment
District joint commitment
Village joint commitment
Market based solutions for sanitation hardware and services
• Local alignment and ring
fencing
• Understanding principles of
market-based solutions
• Consumer aspirations
• Simply products and buying
processes
• Increase outreach and information
Timing, so obvious, so often forgotten…
• Accessibility for
supply of hardware
and services
• Festivals
• Agricultural
calendar
• Seasonal migration
• Government
planning cycle 8
Capacity for scaling
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1. Sanitation demand creation
•Steer and implement sanitation demand creation at scale and with quality
2. Market-based sanitation supply chains
•To stimulate and develop market-based solutions for a variety of consumer needs and preferences in place
3. Behavioural change communication
•Capacity for long term hygiene behavioural change communication locally and nationally
4. WASH Governance
•Mainstreaming in local planning, budgeting, pro-poor support
•Certification, standards, enforcement
5. Learning and sharing
• Practice of national collaboration and learning, practice of local learning and performance monitoring
Example Bhutan (per gewog – sub district)
57% 23%
8%
12%
Costs
89%
7%
2% 2%
Time
Sanitation demand creation
Supply chains
BCC
Governance
Outreach and funding, different strategies
In-house roll-out
Strategic partnership
Multi-sector alliance
“Social movement”
More control Less control
Nepal, Ethiopia
Kenya, Vietnam
Bhutan, (Cambodia)
(Laos)
Quality of facilitation and monitoring should go hand in hand
• Cascading ToT’s are a risk and not sufficient to ensure quality.
• On-the-job coaching and regular reflection is needed to learn
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Triggering, follow up visits and ODF Claims in Siaya district
respond to different
situations in villages.
• Certification?
• The type of support to
facilitators changes over
time.
Reaching 100% behaviour change is not a linear process
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Innovators Early majority Early adopters
“opinion leaders” Lagging behind Late majority
• Careful phasing
• Different approaches for majority than opinion leaders
• To reach full coverage specific attention is needed to
understand who is lagging behind and why
Process of scaling in districts and sub districts
The basis
•Formative research
•Supply chain analisis
•Sensitization and commitment of leaders
Early adopting villages and
sub-districts
•Demand creation
•Fine tuning supply chain
•Developing BCC
•Working with post-ODF plans
Early majority
•Mass demand creation
•Large scale communication
•Scaling supply chains & finance
•Good on-the-job support
•Engage outstanding leaders from early adopting villages
Late majority
•Same processes, less intensive support
• Those lagging behind
•Specific research
•Support mechanisms and proper enforcement
Way forward: sustaining improved sanitation
• “Post-ODF” / “Post-Improved san” hygiene action plans
• Appropriate local legislation
• Safe disposal, re-use of human waste
• It is not going to be a social movement forever.
• FROM ACCELERATING COVERAGE TO PROFESSIONALISING
PUBLIC HEALTH IN RURAL AREAS
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Final reflections
• A district wide approach, broad commitment, leadership
and aiming at improved sanitation are essential for proof
of concept that accelerated change is possible
• Outreach strategies, monitoring for learning, appropriate
phasing and post-target strategies are need for
sustainability and scaling.
• We need to learn more, and more systematically about
the dynamics and challenges at local level involved in
scaling
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Thank you
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