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1 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Sand Casting Process
AnyCasting Advanced Casting Simulation Software
Introduction of AnyCasting Functions
TM
2 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Total Analysis of All Casting System ▶ 3-D Mold Filling Porosity, shrinkage/Solidification, Mold ▶ 3-D Thermal Stress / Micro Structure / Mechanical Properties
Main Window of AnyCasting System (SAND)
Sprue
Drag
Core
Pins
Cavity
TM AnyCasting
Filling Temperature
Core Gas Shrinkage
Predict Several Defects (SAND)
3 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Import & Assemble of 3D CAD/CAM Data ▶ UG, CATIA, I-DEAS, Pro/E, etc. ▶ CAD Operations (Merge/Boolean/etc.) ▶ Classify Parts : Product, Runner, Gates, Channels, O/F & A/V
CATIA
PRO Engineering Solidworks
UniGraphics
Import
Assembly Control of CAD Data
AnyCasting
User can use only STL format
4 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
HPDC/Thixo Module LPDC Module Permanent Mold (Tilt) Module Sand Module - Cast Iron - Cast Steel Large Ingot Module Investment Module
Software Structure
System Configuration
AnyPRE
AnySOLVER
AnyPOST
AnyMESH
AnyDBASE
BatchRunner
anyTX Advanced Material Properties Eject Pin Module anyPOST Reader
AnyCasting Extensible Module
AnyCasting Standard AnyCasting Performance
5 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Input Data Solving Observation
- Modeling File (STL)
- Meshing - Set Casting Condition
- Using Multi Core Process
- Dramatic Decreased Solving Time
Fluid - Entrapped Air / Gas - Oxide - Temperature - Velocity - Leakage
Solidification - Final Solidification Area - Micro / Macro Shrinkage
SW Configuration
AnyCasting Work Flow ▶ Input Data & Solving & Observation
6 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
SW Configuration
AnyCasting Work Flow ▶ Input Data & Solving & Observation
Input Data
- Modeling File (STL)
- Meshing - Set Casting Condition
- Meshing - Set TEMP. - Set HTC - Set Pouring Temp. - Set Shot Condition - Set Channel - Set Cycle Condition
7 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Solving
- Using Multi Core Process
- Dramatic Decreased Solving Time
SW Configuration
AnyCasting Work Flow ▶ Input Data & Solving & Observation
8 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Observation
Fluid - Entrapped Air / Gas - Oxide - Temperature - Velocity - Leakage
Solidification - Final Solidification Area - Micro / Macro Shrinkage
SW Configuration
AnyCasting Work Flow ▶ Input Data & Solving & Observation
Filling Sequence Temp. Distribution
Core Gas
Cast Iron Module - Tensile Strength
Melt Velocity
Solidification
9 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Development Roadmap
V2.0
V3.0
V4.0
V5.0
V6.0
V6.1
V6.3
V6.5
- Real Flow - Filter - Auto Report - Calculating Properties - Multi Language - Core Gas
- Jmat-Pro Import - Result Manager - Cross Section Save - Misrun - Fluid Rendering - anyPOST Reader
2005 2010 2013 2015
2008 2012 2014 2017
- Oxide / Inclusion - Shot Sleeve - Vacuum - Advanced Melt Setting - Thermal Stress
- Real Shape - Large Ingot - Centrifugal Casting - Chinese Version
- Multi Core Process - Cast Iron - Eject Pin
- Auto Mesh - Quantitative Analysis - Result Combination - Gas Entrapment - Advanced Cyclic Setting
- Enhanced Particle Tracing - Advanced Channel - Exothermic Sleeve - CPU Core Setting
- Solver Speed Up - Win 10 Support - Channel Import / Export - Shrinkage Volume
10 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Exact View by Dynamic Arbitrary Section
Observe Inside of All Entity Parts ▶ Dynamic Moving Section : X, Y, Z 3 Direction & Free Direction ▶ Detail Observation of STL Geometry in anyPRE & Calculation Result in anyPOST
AnyPRE Process AnyPOST Process
Show Section Only
Rotating (Free Section) Moving
11 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Check important sectioned area by using Cross Section Generation of 21 Mil. Mesh : 3.5 sec
Auto Meshing
3-clicks is enough for mesh generation! ▶ Find the best meshing condition automatically ▶ Check thin sectioned area automatically ▶ AnyCasting S/W has Uniform / Variable / Auto Mesh System
12 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Parallel process
Up to 2-times Analysis Speed Improvement ▶ Test PC Performance - Intel i7-4770 3.4GHz / RAM 16GB ▶ Analysis Type - Filling & Solidification
(1 CPU) (8 CPU)
13 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Advanced Material Database
General DB User DB Advanced Material (add on function)
User can Select 3 Database System ▶ General DB : anyDBASE has several commercial metal / non-metal database ▶ User DB : User can make database file by using anyDB application ▶ Advanced Material : User can calculate material properties by using thermal property calculator
14 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Advanced Material Database
Import Jmat-Pro Calculation Result File ▶ Enable to Import via File without License ▶ Enable to Input Material Properties that are not in Basic Database
15 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Trace of Curved Boundary of Mold Interface
Using Hybrid Flow – Porous Media Method + Cut Cell Method ▶ Trace of curved boundary of mold interface by sub-divided mesh ▶ Calculate primitive variables at selected grid
Cell Center : uc, vc, wc, Vf, P, T, ρ, Cp, k
Face Center : uj, vj, wj, Aj
Obstacle
Fluid
1. Preliminary Calculation at Staggered Grid
2. Pressure Iteration at Un-staggered Grid → Immersed Cell (Porous Media Scheme)
Embedded Cell Approach When Needed
Scheme of Cut-Cell Method (Sub-Divided Mesh)
Scheme of Porous Media Method
Boundary Cell for Trace Interface Surface
16 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Plexiglass-water Model Experiments
Filling Accuracy Comparison with Plexiglass-water Model : ▶ Gravity Casting
Experiment General FDM Solver
Fluid Fills Runner Partially (Experiment & Real Flow) Filling Flow goes Faster along the bottom of Runner (same)
(movie file) (movie file)
Real Flow Solver (Porous Media + Cut Cell Media)
17 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Filling Accuracy at Wall of Sand Mold - 1
Filling Accuracy in the Casting of Cat Iron Product ▶ Ductile Cast Iron / Sand Casting
Cavity Riser
Runner Filter
Runner
Core
Core
Bracket, Weight : 42 Kg FCD 600, Green Sand / Shell Core
Hybrid Method (Real Flow)
General FDM Solver
G2 G3
G4
G1
Gate 4, Filling Flow is Weak, It doesn’t Contribute to Initial & Whole Filling Process.
G2 G3
G4
G1
Gate 4, Filling Flow is Main Stream, It Fills near Gate 4 Fast, Move Forward during Filling Process
18 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Hybrid Scheme (Real Flow)
General FDM Solver
50% Filled Temp. Distribution
100% Filled Temp. Distribution
Gate 4, Filling Flow is Weak, Gate 4, Temp. is Lower, Lowest Temp. shows at Center Area.
Gate 4, Filling Flow is Strong, Gate 4, Temp. is Higher, Lowest Temp. shows at Right Area.
Changes :
Metal Structure, Sol/ Shrinkage, Miss-Run, Sand Drops, Crack Area, etc.
Filling Accuracy at Wall of Sand Mold - 2
Temperature Distribution during & after Filling ▶ Ductile Cast Iron / Sand Casting
19 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Prediction of Macro Shrinkage
PM + RMM (Retained Melt Modulus) or RMS (Retained Melt Surface) ▶ Tracing of Retained Melts, and Calculate Modulus or Surface Area mainly for Macro Shrinkages
Tracing of Retained Melts’ Volume and Surface
..
....
MR
MRMR S
VM =
RMM : Retained Melt Modulus
Coupling RMM or RMS with Probabilistic Model
PM : Probabilistic Model
Shrinkage size calculation by Distribution of total shrinking volume
RMS : Retained Melt Surface
Shrinkage Strength
PMM Result
Shrinkage Size
PMM + PM Result
20 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
PM + Niyama Criterion / Feeding Efficiency ▶ G/V with Probabilistic Model
Prediction of Micro Shrinkage - 1
Niyama 0.1
=
RGCNiyama
0.1
=−
sNiyamaM t
GC
5.0
/
=
VGC EffF
Modified Niyama
Feeding Efficiency
Criterion Developers Year
G Bishop et. Al. 1951
G / V s Davis 1975
1 / V sn Khan 1980
G / R 0.5 Niyama 1982
G /V s Lecomte-Beckers 1988
G 0.33 / V s
1.67 Lee et. al. 1990
G 0.38 / V s
1.62 S.T. Kao et. al. 1994
1 / t sm V s
n F. Chiesa 1998
Coupling G/V Criterion with Probabilistic Model
(Ref. Minami Rin, July 2005)
Shrinkage size calculation by Distribution of total shrinking volume
Shrinkage Strength
Niyama + PM Probabilistic Model
Shrinkage Size
21 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Prediction of Micro Shrinkage - 2
Micro Porosity ▶ Generation Mechanism of Micro Porosity
1. Generation of Nuclei
2. Gas & Solute Accumulate at Liquid / Solid Interface
3. Generation of Nuclei of Gas Bubble & Growth
4. Growth of Bubble Is Stopped by Surrounding Dendrites
5. Bubble Is Isolated & become Micro Porosity after Sol. Finished
Gas (which has been Soluble in Melt) Accumulates at L+S Interface during Solidification. If Partial Pressure of Gas is Increased by Gas Concentration, Gas Bubble is Generated. Size of Bubble depends upon Gas Solubility, this depends upon Temp., P, Composition, etc. Gas Bubble Isolated by Dendrite Network in Mushy Zone in Later Sol. Stage.
22 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Predict Micro Shrinkage Not Relating Retained Melt & G/V
Prediction of Micro Shrinkage - 2
N2 Gas Porosity in Steel Casting Melt Pressure
Gas Partial Pressure Prediction by RMS+PM(Probabilistic Model)
Gas Pressure > Melt Pressure + Insufficient Feeding Micro Porosity Defects
23 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Feature of Sand Casting (Cast Iron / Cast Steel)
Contents
1. Filter
2. Mold Erosion / Sand Drop
3. Core Gas
4. Exothermic Sleeve
5. Exothermic Powder
6. Pouring Basin & Stopper
7. Cast Iron
8. Shrinkage (Critical Solid Fraction)
9. Misrun
10. Fluid Rendering
11. Virtual Sensor
12. anyPOST Reader
24 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Accuracy Flow include Filter for Stable Filling
▶ Exact Filter Analysis & Consider all Directions
Sprue
Runner Filter
No Filter Case Filter Case
4 Direction Flow under installed Filter Condition
Filter Case (Pressure) Filter Case (Velocity)
keep stable pressure
keep stable velocity
25 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
▶ kind of Mold Material & Melt Temperature are very Important
Mold Erosion & Sand Drop Model
velocityImpactVangleimpactofFunctionf
particlesofionConcentratCconstanttalEnvironmenK
constantMaterialKsmgrateErosionEr
env
mat
==
===
=
αα )(
)/(
)(αfCVKKEr nenvmat=
The Relationship between Erosion Rate and Impact Angle The Relationship between Erosion Rate and Velocity
26 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
▶ Compare Horizontal Design and Vertical Design
Sand Drop Test by using Cylinder Block
Horizontal Casting Design
Vertical Casting Design
27 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
▶ Melt Velocity Distribution between Water Jacket and Core : Cylinder Block
Observe Melt Velocity During Filling for Judge Sand Drop
Horizontal Runner Design
Vertical Runner Design
The rapid velocity of melt can be a cause of sand drop defect
28 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
▶ Mathematical Formulation of Core Gas
Core Gas Model
- Movement of Gas in Porous Core : Darcy’s Flow - Core Gas Pressure : Ideal Gas Raw - Mass Transport Equation - Solid Binder Decomposition Rate : Arrhenius Relationship by Pyrolysis Study - Movement of Gas in Melt : Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen (BBO) equation
Out Gas from Core (g) Gas in Cavity (g/cm3)
Cast Iron
Cold Box Sand Core
Core Print
29 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
▶ kind of Mold Material & Melt Temperature are very Important
Tracking Core Gas during Filling
Horizontal Runner Design
Vertical Runner Design
Horizontal design has higher possibility of Core Gas defect than Vertical design
30 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
▶ Exothermic Sleeve by Numerical Analysis
Exothermic Sleeve Model
- Insulating Sleeve : Sleeve for just adiabatic effect - Exothermic Sleeve : Automatically generate a heat when contact melt
( ) ( )
≥<
=
⋅
+∇⋅∇=⋅∇+∂
∂
)()()(0
]/[:
)()(
int
3
ionIg
Ignitionb
b
b
TtfT
cmscalRateGenerationHeat
tTkTVtcT
φ
φ
φρρ
Main Factors for Calculating Exothermic Sleeve • Sleeve Type • Burning Time • Ignition Temperature • Heat Rate
31 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
▶ Simple Model Test : No Sleeve / Sleeve (Low & High Effect)
Exothermic Sleeve Model
- Insulating Sleeve : Sleeve for just adiabatic effect - Exothermic Sleeve : Automatically generate a heat when contact melt
No Sleeve
22mm
Low Effect Sleeve High Effect Sleeve
42mm
32 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
▶ Exothermic Powder by Numerical Analysis
Exothermic Powder Model
- Raise the Feedability of Riser for reduce the shrinkage defect - Generally, be used Large Ingot & Huge Cast Steel Product
Main Factors for Calculating Exothermic Powder • Exothermal Area after Filling • Surface Heat Flux by Time • Surface Heat Temperature by Time
( ) ( )
][:]/[:
)()(
2
cmdistanceSurfacexcmscalFluxHeatSurface
tx
TkTVtcT
s
s
s
s
δφ
δφρρ
⋅
+∇⋅∇=⋅∇+∂
∂
Spread Exothermic Powder
Control Solidification Direction
33 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
▶ Exothermic Powder by Numerical Analysis
Exothermic Powder Model
- Raise the Feedability of Riser for reduce the shrinkage defect - Generally, be used Large Ingot & Huge Cast Steel Product
Shrinkage Defect
Shrinkage Defect
Use Only Exothermic Sleeve Use Exothermic Sleeve & Powder
34 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Pouring Basin & Stopper Model
▶ Basin & Stopper Model be used Special Casting Process
- Feed mode can be selected under variable condition (continuously, once..,) - Additional pressure can be set inside of basin during filling - Stopper condition can be set 2 types (time, volume fraction)
Pouring Basin (Melt Feeding Rate) : melt amount be calculated automatically depend on cavity volume Stopper (Volume Fraction) : stopper opens after filling a particular (ex: pouring basin) entity with a certain amount of melt
Filling 20sec Non Stopper
Pouring Basin
stopper
Filling 20sec Stopper : hold 3sec
35 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Pouring Basin & Stopper Model
▶ Basin & Stopper Model be used Special Casting Process
- Feed mode can be selected under variable condition (continuously, once..,) - Additional pressure can be set inside of basin during filling - Stopper condition can be set 2 types (time, volume fraction)
Pouring Basin (Melt Feeding Rate) : melt amount be calculated automatically depend on cavity volume Stopper (Volume Fraction) : stopper opens after filling a particular (ex: pouring basin) entity with a certain amount of melt
Non Stopper Filling time : 3 sec
Stopper Filling Time : 5 sec
36 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
▶ Predict Phase Distribution & Mechanical Properties
Cast Iron Module
- Consider Effect of Chemical Composition (Si, Mn etc..,) - Consider Fading Effect of Inoculation
37 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
▶ Predict Phase Distribution & Mechanical Properties
Cast Iron Module
- Consider Effect of Chemical Composition (Si, Mn etc..,) - Consider Fading Effect of Inoculation
Gray Cast Iron : A48 Phase Distribution of Pearlite
Gray Cast Iron : A48 Mechanical Property of T〮S
38 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Prediction of Misrun Defect Area
▶ Predict the Misrun Defects caused by Temperature Drop of Melt ▶ During the Analysis, Melt Filling will be Stopped by the Misrun Algorithm ▶ Show Likely-to-be Misrun Area, Show Precise Result
Misrun OFF Misrun ON
Misrun
39 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Observation of Internal Filling by using Fluid Rendering
▶ Melt Display Translucently ▶ Enable to Observe Internal Changes When Checking Filling ▶ Enable to see Internal Results without Cross Section
Fluid Rendering Mode : Off Fluid Rendering Mode : On
40 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Fluid Rendering with Particle Tracing
▶ Particle Tracing Result + Display Fluid Flow ▶ When Observing, It Shows Fluid Flow as Well ▶ Enable to Clearly Understand the Process of Melt Filling by Checking Combined Result
41 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
Virtual Sensor
▶ Needless Re-calculation for Check Non-Sensor Installed Area ▶ Enable to View Time/Temperature Graph of Sensor not-installed Area ▶ Enable to View Each Area’s Time/Temperature Graph by Mouse Click
Use Picking Mode by using Mouse Click
42 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved
anyPOST Reader
▶ Use anyPOST Function in PPT ▶ Insert Analysis Result File(*.acres file) into PPT and Check ▶ Enable to use Various Functions: Rotation, Zooming etc.
anyPOST Reader File (*.acres)
43 ⓒ 2001 ANYCASTING Co., Ltd., All Rights Reserved 43
Homepage : www.anycastsoft.com Tel : +82-2-3665-2493 Fax : +82-2-3665-2497
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