SAMSUNG PIPING DESIGN GUIDE.pdf

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING CO., LTD.

DESIGN MANUAL

SEM - 3036E

Piping Design Manual

RACK PIPING

REV. :

DATE :

5

1998. 9. 28

DATE :

DESIGN MANUAL

RACK PIPING

SEM - 3036E

REV. :

1998. 9.28 PAGE OF

5

CONTENTS

Page

1. GENERAL

1.1 Purpose ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1

1.2 Application Scope -------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

1.3 Relevant Manuals --------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

2. PIPING DESIGN CRITERIA

2.1 Rack piping design criteria ----------------------------------------------------------- 1

2.2 General piping design criteria -------------------------------------------------------- 2

3. RACK ARRANGEMENT

3.1 Items to be considered --------------------------------------------------------------- 3

3.2 Typical Layout ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 3

4. RACK HEIGHT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

5. PIPING ARRANGEMENT AND DECISION ON THE RACK WIDTH

5.1 Piping Arrangement ------------------------------------------------------------------- 7

5.2 Rack Width -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

6. LOADING DATA

6.1 Type of Load ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16

6.2 Calculation Method ------------------------------------------------------------------ 17

6.3 Layout Aids for Piperack ------------------------------------------------------------ 18

6.4 Weight Table for Thermal Insulation (for reference) --------------------------------- 21

7. EXPANSION LOOPS ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28

8. RACK STRUCTURE (FOR REFERENCE) ----------------------------------------------------------- 41

9. HISTORY OF THIS MANUAL ------------------------------------------------------------------- 44

Appendix Sample of pipe rack loading data information drawing

Appendix Sample of calculation table for maximum bending stress, anchor force and friction

force

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1. GENERAL

1.1 Purpose

This manual provides Preconditions for standardization of forms, method of expression

and limitations of rack piping drawings which are to be designed/drafted by SECL.

1.2 Application Scope

This manual shall be applied to all jobs executed by SECL unless otherwise specially required

from vendor or licensor.

1.3 Relevant Manuals

(1) SES-H-101E "Piping Design"

(2) SEM-3002 "Requirements for Drafting Piping Drawing"

(3) SEM-3101 "Requirements for Drafting Plot Plan"

(4) SEM-3102 "Drafting of Piping Connection Drawing on Battery Limit"

(5) SEM-3104 "Drafting Key Plan"

(6) SEM-3106 "Preparation Piping Note"

(7) SEM-3112 "Decision Method on Drawing Number"

(8) SEM-3113 "Drafting of Plan Drawing"

2. PIPING DESIGN CRITERIA

2.1 Rack piping design criteria

The following piping shall be laid out on the pipe rack with 25% space for future piping.

2.1.1 Process Piping

2.1.2 Blow-down piping (flare piping)

(1) Steam and condensate piping

(2) Boiler feed water piping, potable water, process, water, demineralized water,

cooling water,... etc.

(3) Air (Plant and instrument) piping.

(4) Fuel oil, fuel gas, nitrogen piping

2.1.4 Instrument/electrical duct or cable tray

2.1.5 Catwalk

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2.2 General Design Criteria

3. RACK ARRANGEMENT

Type Within the unit O.S.B.L

Rack (1) Process piping

1) Piping to connect equipment located

at 6m distance and over

2) Product piping to carry materials

from tower, heat exchanger, pump,

etc. to the storage area or other

unit and plant.

3) Raw materials or other supply

piping entered into the unit plant.

(2) Blow-down piping (flare piping)

(3) Instrument/electrical duct

(4) Utility piping

1) Steam and condensate piping

2) Gas, plant air and instrument air

piping

3) Boiler supply water, city water,

process water, demineralized water

piping, and cooling water piping

not buried

4) Fuel oil and gas piping

(5) Catway

(1) Process piping

1) Product incoming piping

2) Raw material piping

(2) Utility piping

1) Steam and condensate piping

2) Water piping

(*) Yard piping shall be above-ground

piping as far as space is available.

But rack piping is permissible if yard

piping is not available considering

the walkway and access.

Above-

ground

(1) Discharge piping and vibration piping

of reciprocating compressor

(2) Storage and in-out piping with dike

(3) Large size fluid piping

(1) In-out piping for raw material and

products

Trench (1) Cable duct for electric power

(2) Cooling water piping for pump

(3) Drain recovery piping

(4) Piping extended to the sump tank

Under-

ground

(1) Utility piping

1) Cooling water piping and oily

piping

2) Fire-fighting water piping

3) Water supply piping

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Rack arrangement is generally subject to the location of process lines such as raw material piping

and products piping and the location of utility lines that enter and leave the unit boundary.

3.1 Items to be considered

(1) Installation and maintenance of equipment and transportation of equipment and materials.

(2) Piping between each unit shall be as short as possible.

(3) Length and number of rack shall be the minimum.

3.2 Typical Layout

(1) Dead end yard lines enter and (2) Straight through yard, line can

leave one end the rack. enter and leave both ends of the

rack.

(3) L-shaped yard lines can enter (4) T-shaped rack piping can enter

and leave north and east of and leave on three sides of the

the rack. rack.

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(5) U-shaped yard lines can enter (6) Combination of I and T shaped

and leave all four sides of the rack.

rack.

(7) Complex rack piping arrangement for

a very large chemical plant.

4. RACK HEIGHT

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(1) The height of top surface of the lowest rack beam shall be subject to the following:

(2) The following shall be considered in deciding the height "H".

1) Observance of minimum height of the following

2) Decisions shall be made after examining mutual relation between the equipments, and problems

on taking-in, operation and maintenance of equipment.

3) For the minimum height mentioned on above item No.1), consider the highest point of road

paving.

4) According to the road traffic act enforcement ordinance, all facilities such as a bridge,

signs above the road shall have min. 4.5m headroom from lowest point of the road.

5) When the equipment such as exchanger is located under the rack, its highest part shall be

the base of rack height after examining each exchanger as shown on the below.

5

Classification H1 Remarks

Maintenance area inside of B.L . 2500

Main road crossing at inside of B.L. 4500 Clearance for big vehicle : 3500

Main road crossing at outside of B.L.

(2nd class state road)4500 Road traffic act

Main road crossing at outside of B.L.

(1st class state road)6000 Road traffic act

Incoming railway 6700 Rail road act

(Unit : mm)

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(3) Double level rack

Difference of height (H) for each level of rack shall be 1000mm, 1500mm, 2000mm as the

standard.

The figures , and show the elbows connected fitting to fitting and the dimensions of

For exchanger with hot or cold

insulation, the clearance of

minimum 300mm shall be

provided from the outside of

insulation material.

If an angle is necessary, special

caution is required to avoid the

interference with the adjacent pipe.

Type "" Type "" Type ""

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the height(h) are shown in the following table.

(Note) : H 2h

For elbow 90, 45and 30 Consider it as a long radius elbow and

calculate the height.

5. PIPING ARRANGEMENT AND THE RACK WIDTH

5.1 Piping Arrangement

(1) Large size pipes (14" and larger) shall be arranged close to the column in order to

decrease the bending moment of beam.

(2) The utility piping shall be laid on the middle of the rack If the rack has a

single level and these piping shall be laid on the upper level if the rack has two levels.

Piping in the rack shall be arranged according to the "Table of arrangement classification"

on the next page.

Nominal Pipe Size 24B 26B 28B 30B 32B 34B 36B 40B

Elbow Dimension 914.4 990.6 1066.8 1143.0 1219.2 1295.4 1371.4 1524.0

Type (90) - - - - - - - -

Type (45) 915 991 - - - - - -

Type (30) 557 625 673 721 762 817 865 961

Nominal Pipe Size 6B 8B 10B 12B 14B 16B 18B 20B

Elbow Dimension 228.6 304.8 381.0 457.2 533.4 609.6 685.8 762.0

Type (90) 458 610 762 916 - - - -

Type (45) - - - 458 534 610 686 762

Type (30) - - - - 337 385 433 479

(Unit : mm)

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Table of arrangement classification

(Note) : Expansion loop may be required.

TypeUpper Rack Lower Rack

Side Center Side Center

PROCESS

Blow-down (Flare) piping

Raw material inlet piping (12B and over)

Raw material inlet piping (10B and under)

Product discharge piping (12B and over)

Product discharge piping (10B and under)

Overhead piping from tall tower or highlyelevated vessel

Piping from tower and vessel to pumps orexchangers

Pump discharge piping

Corrosive piping

Piping located between equipments on groundleved

Vibration piping

UTILITY

High and low pressure steam piping

Condensate piping

Boiler feed water piping

Hose station piping (water, air, N, etc.)

Plant air piping

Cooling water header piping for pump

Fuel oil and gas piping

Instrument air piping

DUCT

Instrument duct

Electric duct

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(3) The end of utility header piping shall be arranged as same as the following figures.

(Note) : (*) For the class of 900LB and over, the piping similar to the above types shall

be avoided.

(4) Piping with corrosive fluids shall not be installed above the cable duct.

(5) For reciprocating compressor discharge piping, pressure drop valve and drain piping to be

installed on the pipe rack, thorough consideration shall be given to the vibration

protection.

(6) Piping at B.L. connection point shall be arranged through sufficient coordibation with the

client and the relevant contractor, discussing the piping arrangement and the anchor

locations.

(7) Platform or walkway with ladder shall be installed on the rack where frequent operation

and/or maintenance of valves are required. A ladder hall be installed with a cage .

Class Blind flange Cap

(*) 300LB and under 8B and under 10B and larger

(*) 600LB and under 6B and under 8B and larger

Type

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(8) When necessary to install an expansion loop on the condensate line, do it horizontally to

prevent water hammering. But, do as follows if horizontal loop is impossible.

(9) Loop of piping shall be grouped considering a fine view.

Make lines into a group and install a large size piping and high temperature piping to

the edge of the rack.

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(10) Grounding is necessary on the piping where static electricity is expected to occur.

[Reference]

1) fluid that could be dangerous from static electricity.

1st Petroleum (crude oil, gasoline, solvent, naphtha, tar, light oil, etc.)

Petroleum 2nd Petroleum (kerosene, light oil, diesel oil, xylene, etc.)

3rd Petroleum (heavy oil, lube oil, tars such as creosote oil)

Ether, carbon bisulfide, collodion, acetone, nitric acid ester, formic acid ester,

pyridine, chloro-benzol, animals and plants oils, etc.

2) About the electrification

Safety fluid velocity 1m/sec and under for petroleum in API

Constant fluid velocity proportional to pipe size

Constant pipe size proportional to fluid velocity

(*) Pneumatic conveying piping for powders susceptible to the disaster due to static

electricity and non-conductive powders (synthetic resin, wheat powder, etc.).

3) Lug installation criteria

Bonding between pipes

12

Insulated pipe

L=30+ Insulation thickness

Fabrication and attachment

of lug by piping contractorLug for bond

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Bonding between valve and pipe

For piping on the rack, it is recommended to consider the rack column connected

to grounding main line at every 18m as same as the piping.

(11) Harzadous gas piping shall be installed on the upper rack and it shall be away from high

temperature piping.

(12) Install steel shoes on the hot-insulated piping (except for protector) and the cold-

insulated piping operating at over 0.

(13) Install support with cradle (rest type or whole circumference type) for cold-insulated

piping operating at 0 and under.

Sus Teminal

Sus Teminal

13

Farication and

attachment of lug

by piping contractor

same as bolt hole size

* Leave some space

to take out bolts

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(14) Install support with saddle for thin pipes or large size pipes (D/t > 95) to minimize

local stress. (But, as above support type is not necessary when the distance of rack

column is short, its application shall be determined after preliminary examination.)

(15) Changes in piping direction

(Used in O.S.B.L.) (Generally used within the unit.)

This type is economical. This type can be applied to the line

with complicated change of direction.

Care shall be taken for overhang in

the corner area.

(Proper middle beam or dummy supports

may be required.)

(16) Oxygen piping shall not be arranged adjacent to the electrical duct.

SADDLE

Plane bending 3-dimensional bending

14

SHOE CRADLE

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5.2 Rack Width

(1) Piping spacing on the rack shall be decided in accordance with "Drafting Data C-9

(SEM-3007)".

(Thorough consideration shall be given to the maintenance, hot insulation, cold insulation

and lateral movement by thermal expansion.)

(2) If special valve and instrument are installed on the rack, make decision on the width

considering the space of operation and maintenance.

(3) For the area where there are orifice piping, provide space for installing orifice

considering the orientation of differential pressure taps.

Instrument Hook-Up Drawing

(Note) : * Basically, do not use type "B-2" for superheated steam.

(It is to protect stress corrosion.)

* Type "B-1" and "C-1" shall be generally installed as the following figure.

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(4) Leave 10-15% of space as a rule.

Also provide 20~30% of the space if future extension is expected.

(5) Rack width shall be decided as shown on the below.

B Bo + F

Bo = { (P1 + P2)) + CE } (1 + F)

B : Rack width

Bo : Calculated rack width

P1, P2 : Pipe spacing (as per "Drafting Data C-9" in SEM-3007)

CE : Electric cable duct

: 0.1 ~ 0.15

F : For future extension ( included)

6. LOADING DATE

6.1 Type of Load

Type Description Direction Remarks

Sustain

load(DeadWeight of piping, valve and load insulation Vertical

Thermal load

Load by thermal expansion of piping Horizontal

Reaction force by internal pressure of

expansion bellows.Horizontal

Dynamic loadLoad by vibration of piping

Load by wind and earthquake Horizontal

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6.2 Calculation Method

(1) Weight calculation criteria of piping, valve and insulation

1) Liquid piping

a) Insulated and subject to hydrostatic pressure test

Load = piping weight + insulation weight + contents weight

b) Un-insulated and subject to hydrostatic pressure test

Load = piping weight + contents weight

c) Insulated and subject to pneumatic pressure test

Load = piping weight + insulation weight + contents weight

d) Un-insulated and subject to pneumatic pressure test

Load = piping weight + contents weight

2) Gas piping

a) Insulated and subject to hydrostatic pressure test

Load = piping weight + insulation weight + water weight

b) Un-insulated and subject to hydrostatic pressure test

Load = piping weight + water weight

c) Insulated and subject to pneumatic pressure test

Load = piping weight + insulation weight

d) Un-insulated and subject to pneumatic pressure test

Load = piping weight

Note : 1) For pipe and insulation weight, refer to weight table of paragraph 6.4.

2) For instrument duct and electric duct, refer to the following table.

Type Description Direction Remarks

Sustainedload

(Live load)

Liquid load for hydrostatic pressure test. Vertical Refer to lineschedule.

Snow load (The difference of snowfalldepending on the region shall be consideredin making decision)

Vertical

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Instrumentation Design Manual "SEM-5001"

(*) Allowable span for duct is max. 6000mm.

6.3 Layout aids for piperack

(1) The stress limit on anchors and guides is 1410 kg/ Max.

(2) Force limit on anchors and guides is 1000 kg Max. unbalanced force including friction

loads.

Example 1 :

Where Ft = Thermal force

Ft = Friction force

Total unbalanced force = (1600 + 1300) - (1300 + 1000)

= 700 kg

This is within the limiting criteria

Example 2 :

Total unbalanced force = (1900 + 1400) - (700 + 500)

= 2100 kg

Width (W) Height (H) Weight (kg/m) Width (W) Height (H) Weight (kg/m)

1500 500 515 600 300 150

1400 500 480 500 300 125

1200 400 350 400 200 75

1000 400 290 300 200 60

800 300 190

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This exceeds the limiting criteria of 1000 kg unbalanced force.

Consult lead stress engineer for possible alternatives to comply with the force

limitation.

Notes : 1. For friction loads, we can manually calculate them getting the unit weights from

the table in para.6.4.

2. For thermal loads, we can manually calculate them using the data and nomographs.

But computer program is very well prepared and is it faster, accurate to use

computer for total unbalanced force at the anchor point.

(3) Expansion loop requirements

a) Generally, if the total expansion in any direction on the piperack is less than

100 mm, the loop could be avoided by locating an anchor in the middle of the run.

b) The total expansion between loop anchors should not exceed 350 mm.

c) The Max. expansion at the change of direction (i.e. points and in the example3)

should not exceed 50 mm, consult the lead stress engineer for any exceptions.

(4) Location of loops and guides

Example 3 :

Pipe material : ASTM A-53 Gr.B

Design temp. : 260

Exp. Coefficient : 3.02 mm/m

Commodity : HC (Vapor)

Insulation : 50 mm thick calsium silicate

(12.7 kg/m - from weight table)

Friction coefficient = 0.3 ( steel on steel)

a) Total expansion in the East - West direction.

150 3.02 = 453 mm

b) Anchor should be located in such a way that the expansion going into the loop should

not exceed 350 mm and the total unbalanced forces at the anchors should be within

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the limiting criteria (para.6.3(2)). Locate anchor at 15 m from point and .

c) Expansion going into the loop

{138 - (215)} 3.02 = 326 mm

d) Expansion loop can be sized manually using data and nomograph.

f) Anchor and guide loads can be calculated manually or by computer. calculating by

computer is more fast and accurate

For W = 1500 mm to 3000 mm, G 60000 mm

For W > 3000 mm, G 12000 mm

Fu = Total unbalanced force.

To locate guides, follow the pipe guide spacing tabulated in

general note 1.6, selection guide of pipe supports (1/8).

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6.4 Weight Table for pipe and Thermal Insulation (for reference)

6.4.1 Calcium silicate hot-insulation ( = 0.22 g/)

Nominalpipesize(B)

Outsidediameter(mm)

Internalpipewaterweight(kg/m)

Weight of hot-insulation by thickness (THK: mm, WT: kg/m)

25 30 50 65 75 90 115 140 150 175 200 225 250

1/2 21.7 - 0.8 1.1 2.5 3.9 5.0 6.9 10.9 15.6 17.8 23.8 30.6 38.4 46.9

3/4 27.2 - 0.9 1.2 2.7 4.1 5.3 7.3 11.3 16.2 18.4 24.5 31.4 39.2 47.9

1 34.0 0.6 1.0 1.3 2.9 4.4 5.7 7.7 11.8 16.8 19.1 25.3 32.3 40.3 49.1

1 48.6 1.4 1.3 1.6 3.4 5.1 6.4 8.6 13.0 18.3 20.6 27.0 34.4 42.5 51.6

2 60.5 2.2 1.5 1.9 3.8 5.6 7.0 9.4 13.9 19.4 21.8 28.5 36.0 44.4 53.7

2 76.3 3.6 1.8 2.2 4.4 6.3 7.8 10.3 15.2 20.9 23.5 30.4 38.2 46.9 56.4

3 89.1 5.1 2.0 2.5 4.8 6.9 8.5 11.1 16.2 22.2 24.8 31.9 40.0 48.8 58.6

4 114.3 8.7 2.4 3.0 5.7 8.1 9.8 12.7 18.2 24.6 27.4 35.0 43.4 52.8 62.9

6 165.2 18.9 3.3 4.0 7.4 10.3 12.5 15.9 22.3 29.5 32.7 41.1 50.5 60.7 71.7

8 216.2 32.9 4.3 5.1 9.2 12.6 15.1 19.1 26.3 34.5 38.0 47.3 57.5 68.6 80.6

10 267.4 50.7 5.1 6.2 11.0 14.3 17.7 22.2 30.4 39.4 43.3 53.5 64.6 76.6 89.4

12 318.5 72.9 5.9 7.2 12.7 17.2 20.4 25.4 34.5 44.4 48.6 59.7 71.7 84.5 98.2

14 355.6 92.7 6.6 8.0 14.0 18.9 22.3 27.7 37.4 50.2 52.4 64.2 76.8 90.3 104.6

16 406.4 122.1 7.5 9.0 15.8 21.2 25.0 30.9 41.4 52.9 57.7 70.3 83.8 98.2 113.4

18 457.2 155.6 8.3 10.1 17.5 23.5 27.6 34.0 45.5 57.8 62.9 76.5 90.8 106.1 122.2

20 508.0 193.1 9.2 11.2 19.3 25.7 30.2 37.2 49.5 62.7 68.2 82.6 97.9 114.0 131.0

22 558.8 234.7 10.1 12.2 21.0 28.0 32.9 40.4 53.6 67.6 73.5 88.8 104.9 121.9 139.8

24 609.6 279.6 11.0 13.3 22.8 30.3 35.5 43.5 57.6 72.5 78.7 94.9 111.9 129.8 148.5

26 660.4 330.0 11.8 14.3 24.5 32.6 38.1 46.7 61.6 77.4 84.0 101.0 118.9 137.7 157.3

28 711.2 383.8 12.7 15.4 26.3 34.9 40.8 52.9 65.7 82.4 89.3 107.2 126.0 145.6 166.1

30 762.0 440.6 13.6 16.4 28.1 37.2 43.4 53.0 69.7 87.3 94.5 113.3 133.0 153.5 174.9

32 812.8 502.4 14.5 17.5 29.9 39.4 46.0 56.2 73.7 92.2 99.8 119.5 140.0 161.4 183.6

34 863.6 568.2 15.4 18.5 31.6 41.8 48.7 59.3 77.8 97.1 105.1 125.6 147.0 169.3 192.4

36 914.4 638.1 16.2 19.6 33.3 44.0 51.3 62.2 81.8 102.0 110.3 131.8 154.0 177.2 201.2

40 1016.0 782.8 18.0 21.7 36.8 48.6 56.6 68.8 89.9 111.9 120.9 144.1 168.1 193.0 218.7

42 1066.8 840.0 18.9 22.7 38.6 50.8 59.2 72.0 93.9 116.8 126.1 150.2 175.1 200.9 227.5

44 1117.6 944.7 19.7 23.8 40.3 53.1 61.8 75.1 98.0 121.7 131.4 156.3 182.1 208.8 236.3

48 1219.2 1125.0 21.5 25.9 43.9 57.7 67.1 81.4 106.0 131.5 141.9 168.6 196.2 224.6 253.9

54 1371.6 1426.0 24.1 29.1 49.1 64.5 75.0 90.9 118.2 146.3 157.7 187.1 217.2 248.3 280.2

60 1524.0 1763.0 26.8 32.2 54.4 71.4 82.9 100.4 130.3 161.0 173.5 205.5 238.3 272.0 306.5

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6.4.2 Perlite hot-insulation ( = 0.20 g/)

Nominalpipesize(B)

Outsidediameter(mm)


Weight of hot-insulation by thickness (THK: mm, WT: kg/m)

25 30 50 65 75 90 115 140 150 175 200 225 250

1/2 21.7 - 0.7 1.0 2.3 3.5 4.6 6.3 9.9 14.2 16.2 21.6 27.9 34.9 42.7

3/4 27.2 - 0.8 1.1 2.4 3.8 4.8 6.6 10.3 14.7 16.7 22.2 28.6 35.7 43.5

1 34.0 0.6 0.9 1.2 2.6 4.0 5.1 7.0 10.8 15.3 17.3 23.0 29.4 36.6 44.6

1 48.6 1.4 1.2 1.5 3.1 4.6 5.8 7.8 11.8 16.6 18.7 24.6 31.2 38.7 46.9

2 60.5 2.2 1.3 1.7 3.5 5.1 6.4 8.5 12.7 17.6 19.8 25.9 32.7 40.4 48.8

2 76.3 3.6 1.6 2.0 4.0 5.8 7.1 9.4 13.8 19.0 21.3 27.6 34.7 42.6 51.3

3 89.1 5.1 1.8 2.3 4.4 6.3 7.7 10.2 14.7 20.2 22.6 29.0 36.5 44.4 53.4

4 114.3 8.7 2.2 2.7 5.2 7.3 8.9 11.6 16.6 22.4 24.9 31.8 39.5 48.0 57.2

6 165.2 18.9 3.0 3.7 6.8 9.4 11.3 14.4 20.2 26.8 29.7 37.4 45.9 55.2 65.2

8 216.2 32.9 3.8 4.6 8.4 11.5 13.7 17.3 23.9 31.3 34.5 43.0 52.3 62.4 73.2

10 267.4 50.7 4.6 5.6 10.0 13.6 16.1 20.2 27.6 35.8 39.3 48.6 58.7 69.6 81.3

12 318.5 72.9 5.4 6.6 11.6 15.7 18.5 23.1 31.3 40.3 44.2 54.3 65.2 76.8 89.3

14 355.6 92.7 6.0 7.3 12.7 17.2 20.3 25.2 34.0 43.6 47.7 58.3 69.8 82.1 95.1

16 406.4 122.1 6.8 8.2 14.3 19.3 22.7 28.1 37.7 48.1 52.4 63.9 76.2 89.3 103.1

18 457.2 155.6 7.6 9.2 15.9 21.3 25.1 30.9 41.3 52.5 57.2 69.5 82.6 96.4 111.1

20 508.0 193.1 8.4 10.1 17.5 23.4 27.5 33.8 45.0 57.0 62.0 75.1 89.0 103.6 119.1

22 558.8 234.7 9.2 11.1 19.1 25.5 30.0 36.7 48.7 61.5 66.8 80.7 95.4 110.8 127.0

24 609.6 279.6 10.0 12.1 20.7 27.6 32.3 39.6 52.4 65.9 71.6 86.3 101.7 118.0 136.6

26 660.4 330.0 10.8 13.0 22.3 29.6 34.7 42.4 56.0 70.4 76.4 91.9 108.1 125.2 143.0

28 711.2 383.8 11.6 14.0 23.9 31.7 37.0 45.3 59.7 74.9 81.2 97.4 118.3 132.4 151.0

30 762.0 440.6 12.4 14.9 25.5 33.8 39.4 48.2 63.4 79.3 86.0 103.0 120.9 139.5 159.0

32 812.8 502.4 13.2 15.9 27.1 35.8 41.8 51.1 67.0 83.8 90.7 108.6 127.3 146.7 166.9

34 863.6 568.2 14.0 16.8 28.7 37.9 44.2 53.9 70.7 88.3 95.5 114.2 133.7 153.9 174.9

36 914.4 638.1 14.8 17.8 30.3 40.0 46.6 56.8 74.4 92.7 100.3 119.8 140.0 161.1 182.9

40 1016.0 782.8 16.4 19.7 33.5 44.1 51.4 62.5 81.7 101.7 109.9 131.0 152.8 175.4 198.9

42 1066.8 840.0 17.1 20.7 35.1 46.2 53.8 65.4 85.4 106.2 114.7 136.5 159.2 182.6 206.8

44 1117.6 944.7 17.9 21.6 36.7 47.9 56.2 68.3 88.3 110.6 119.5 142.1 165.6 189.8 214.8

48 1219.2 1125.0 19.5 23.5 39.9 52.4 61.0 74.0 96.4 119.6 129.0 153.3 178.3 204.2 230.8

54 1371.6 1426.0 21.9 26.4 44.7 58.7 68.2 82.7 107.6 133.0 143.4 170.1 197.5 225.7 254.7

60 1524.0 1763.0 24.3 29.3 49.4 64.9 75.4 91.3 118.4 146.4 157.8 186.8 216.6 247.3 278.7

22 44

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SEM - 3036E

REV. :

1998. 9.28 PAGE OF

5

6.4.3 Urethane foam cold-insulation ( = 0.035 g/)

Nominalpipesize(B)

Outsidediameter(mm)


Weight of cold-insulation by thickness (THK: mm, WT: kg/m)

25 30 40 50 65 75 90 115 140 150 175 200 225 250

1/2 21.7 - 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.7 2.5 2.8 3.8 4.9 6.1 7.5

3/4 27.2 - 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.6 2.9 3.9 5.0 6.2 7.6

1 34.0 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.2 1.9 2.7 3.0 4.0 5.1 6.4 7.8

1 48.6 1.4 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 1.4 2.1 2.9 3.3 4.3 5.5 6.8 8.2

2 60.5 2.2 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.9 1.1 1.5 2.2 3.1 3.5 4.5 5.7 7.1 8.5

2 76.3 3.6 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.6 2.4 3.3 3.7 4.8 6.1 7.5 9.0

3 89.1 5.1 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.6 3.5 3.9 5.1 6.4 7.8 9.3

4 114.3 8.7 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.3 1.6 2.0 2.9 3.9 4.4 5.6 6.9 8.4 10.0

6 165.2 18.9 0.5 0.6 0.9 1.2 1.6 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.7 5.2 6.5 8.0 9.7 11.4

8 216.2 32.9 0.7 0.8 1.1 1.5 2.0 2.4 3.0 4.2 5.5 6.0 7.5 9.1 10.9 12.8

10 267.4 50.7 0.8 1.0 1.4 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.5 4.8 6.3 6.9 8.5 10.3 12.2 14.2

12 318.5 72.9 0.9 1.1 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.2 4.0 5.5 7.1 7.7 9.5 11.4 13.4 15.6

14 355.6 92.7 1.0 1.3 1.7 2.2 3.0 3.5 4.4 6.0 8.0 8.3 10.2 12.2 14.4 16.6

16 406.4 122.1 1.2 1.4 2.0 2.5 3.4 4.0 4.9 6.6 8.4 9.2 11.2 13.3 15.6 18.0

18 457.2 155.6 1.3 1.6 2.2 2.8 3.7 4.4 5.4 7.2 9.2 10.0 12.1 14.4 16.9 19.4

20 508.0 193.1 1.5 1.8 2.4 3.1 4.1 4.8 5.9 7.9 10.0 10.9 13.1 15.6 18.1 20.8

22 558.8 234.7 1.6 1.9 2.6 3.3 4.5 5.2 6.4 8.5 10.8 11.7 14.1 16.7 19.4 22.2

24 609.6 279.6 1.8 2.1 2.9 3.6 4.8 5.6 6.9 9.2 11.5 12.5 15.1 17.8 20.7 23.6

26 660.4 330.0 1.9 2.3 3.1 3.9 5.2 6.1 7.4 9.8 12.3 13.4 16.1 18.9 21.9 25.0

28 711.2 383.8 2.0 2.5 3.3 4.2 5.6 6.5 8.4 10.5 13.1 14.2 17.1 20.0 23.2 26.4

30 762.0 440.6 2.2 2.6 3.5 4.5 5.9 6.9 8.4 11.1 13.9 15.0 18.0 21.2 24.4 27.8

32 812.8 502.4 2.3 2.8 3.8 4.8 6.3 7.3 8.9 11.7 14.7 15.9 19.0 22.3 25.7 29.2

34 863.6 568.2 2.5 2.9 4.2 5.0 6.7 7.7 9.4 12.4 15.4 16.7 20.0 23.4 26.9 30.6

36 914.4 638.1 2.6 3.1 4.2 5.3 7.0 8.2 9.9 13.0 16.2 17.5 20.1 24.5 28.2 32.0

40 1016.0 782.8 2.9 3.5 4.6 5.9 7.7 9.0 10.9 14.3 17.8 19.2 22.9 26.7 30.7 34.8

42 1066.8 840.0 3.0 3.6 4.9 6.1 8.1 9.4 11.5 14.9 18.6 20.1 23.9 27.9 32.0 36.2

44 1117.6 944.7 3.1 3.8 5.1 6.4 8.4 9.8 11.9 15.6 19.4 20.9 24.9 29.0 33.2 37.6

48 1219.2 1125.0 3.4 4.1 5.5 7.0 9.2 10.7 13.0 16.8 20.9 22.6 26.8 31.2 35.7 40.4

54 1371.6 1426.0 3.8 4.6 6.2 7.8 10.3 11.9 14.5 18.8 23.3 25.1 29.8 34.6 39.5 44.6

60 1524.0 1763.0 4.3 5.1 6.9 8.7 11.4 13.2 16.0 20.7 25.6 27.6 32.7 37.9 43.3 47.8

23 44

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RACK PIPING

SEM - 3036E

REV. :

1998. 9.28 PAGE OF

5

6.4.4 Cellular glass cold-insulation ( = 0.16 g/)

Nominalpipesize(B)

Outsidediameter(mm)


Weight of cold-insulation by thickness (THK: mm, WT: kg/m)

25 30 40 50 65 75 90 115 140 150 175 200 225

1/2 21.7 - 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.8 3.6 5.1 7.9 8.2 8.9 12.6 12.2 16.7

3/4 27.2 - 0.7 0.9 1.4 1.9 3.0 3.9 5.3 8.2 8.8 9.5 13.0 13.2 17.3

1 34.0 0.6 0.7 1.0 1.5 2.1 3.2 4.1 5.6 8.6 9.1 9.8 13.6 13.6 18.1

1 48.6 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.8 2.5 3.7 4.7 6.3 9.5 10.1 10.9 14.9 15.0 19.7

2 60.5 2.2 1.1 1.7 2.0 2.8 4.1 5.1 6.8 10.1 10.9 11.8 14.2 16.2 18.8

2 76.3 3.6 1.3 1.6 2.3 3.2 4.6 5.7 7.5 11.1 12.1 13.0 17.4 17.8 22.9

3 89.1 5.1 1.4 1.8 2.6 3.5 5.0 6.2 8.1 12.1 13.0 14.0 18.8 19.1 24.8

4 114.3 8.7 1.8 2.2 3.1 4.1 5.9 7.1 9.2 13.3 14.7 15.9 20.7 21.6 27.2

6 165.2 18.9 2.4 2.9 4.1 5.4 7.5 9.1 11.5 16.2 18.3 19.7 25.2 26.8 32.9

8 216.2 32.9 3.0 3.7 5.2 6.7 9.2 11.0 13.9 19.2 21.9 23.5 29.7 31.9 38.7

10 267.4 50.7 3.7 4.5 6.2 8.0 10.9 12.9 16.2 22.1 25.5 27.4 34.2 37.0 44.5

12 318.5 72.9 4.3 5.3 7.2 9.3 12.5 14.8 18.5 25.1 29.1 31.3 38.7 42.2 50.3

14 355.6 92.7 4.8 5.8 8.0 10.2 13.7 15.9 20.2 27.2 31.7 34.0 41.9 45.9 54.5

16 406.4 122.1 5.4 6.6 9.0 11.5 15.4 18.1 22.5 30.1 35.3 37.9 46.4 51.0 60.2

18 457.2 155.6 6.1 7.3 10.0 12.7 17.1 20.1 24.8 33.1 38.9 41.7 50.9 56.1 66.0

20 508.0 193.1 6.7 8.1 11.0 14.0 18.7 22.0 27.1 36.0 42.4 45.5 55.3 61.2 71.7

22 558.8 234.7 7.3 8.9 12.0 15.3 20.4 23.9 29.4 38.9 46.0 49.4 59.8 66.3 77.4

24 609.6 279.6 8.0 9.6 13.0 16.6 22.0 25.8 31.6 41.9 49.6 53.2 64.2 74.2 83.2

26 660.4 330.0 8.6 10.4 14.9 17.9 23.4 27.7 33.9 44.8 53.2 57.0 68.7 76.5 88.9

28 711.2 383.8 9.3 11.2 15.1 19.1 25.4 29.6 36.2 47.8 56.7 60.9 73.2 81.7 94.7

30 762.0 440.6 9.9 11.9 16.1 20.4 27.0 31.6 38.5 50.7 60.3 64.7 77.7 86.8 100.4

32 812.8 502.4 10.5 12.7 17.1 21.7 28.7 33.5 40.8 53.6 63.9 68.5 82.1 91.9 106.2

34 863.6 568.2 11.2 13.5 18.2 23.1 30.3 35.4 43.1 56.6 67.5 72.4 86.6 97.0 111.9

36 914.4 638.1 11.8 14.2 19.2 24.2 32.0 37.3 45.4 59.5 74.2 80.3 95.8 112.0 128.9

40 1016.0 782.8 13.1 15.8 21.2 26.8 35.3 41.1 50.0 65.4 81.3 87.9 104.8 122.2 140.4

42 1066.8 840.0 13.7 16.5 22.3 28.1 37.0 43.0 52.4 68.3 84.9 91.7 109.2 127.4 146.1

44 1117.6 944.7 14.4 17.3 23.3 29.3 38.6 45.0 54.6 71.3 88.5 95.6 113.7 132.5 151.8

48 1219.2 1125.0 15.6 18.8 25.3 31.9 42.0 48.8 59.2 77.1 95.6 103.2 122.6 142.7 164.3

54 1371.6 1426.0 17.6 21.1 28.4 35.7 46.9 54.5 66.1 85.9 106.4 114.7 136.0 158.0 180.6

60 1524.0 1763.0 19.5 23.4 31.4 39.6 51.9 60.3 73.0 94.7 117.8 127.0 149.5 174.3 197.8

24 44

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SEM - 3036E

REV. :

1998. 9.28 PAGE OF

5

6.4.5 Pipe weight

Normalpipesize

schedule wallthick.(mm)

weight(kg/m)

weightof water(kg/m)a b c

1/2"

--4080160-

--

StdXs-

XXS

5S10S40S80S--

1.652.112.773.734.757.47

0.8011.0001.2661.6191.9412.551

0.2540.2300.1960.1510.1100.032

3/4"

--4080160-

--

StdXS-

XXS

5S10S40S80S--

1.652.112.773.734.757.47

0.8011.0001.2661.6191.9412.551

0.2540.2300.1960.1510.1100.032

1"

--4080160-

--

StdXs-

XXS

5S10S40S80S--

1.652.112.873.915.547.82

1.0181.2751.6832.1942.8833.633

0.4290.3960.3420.2790.1910.095

1

--4080160-

--

StdXS-

XXS

5S10S40S80S--

1.652.773.384.556.359.09

1.2922.0892.4993.2324.2325.445

0.7110.6090.5570.4630.3360.182

1

--4080160---

--

StdXS-

XXS--

5S10S40S80S----

1.652.773.685.087.1410.1613.3416.51

0.7400.7404.0455.4047.2319.53611.47412.915

0.6890.6551.3131.1390.9050.6130.3660.183

2"

--4080160---

--

StdXS-

XXS--

5S10S40S80S----

1.652.773.915.548.7111.0714.2717.45

2.3873.9265.4367.47411.07813.43716.19418.431

2.5542.3542.1651.9051.4451.1440.7930.507

2"

--4080160---

--

StdXS-

XXS--

5S10S40S80S----

2.113.055.167.019.5314.0217.1520.32

3.6835.2558.62111.4011489720.38823.60726.384

3.7193.51430.892.7342.2841.5881.1790.825

Normalpipesize


weight(kg/m)


2"

--4080160---

--StdXS-XXS--

5S10S40S80S----

2.113.055.167.019.5314.0217.1520.32

3.6835.2558.62111.4011489720.38823.60726.384

3.7193.51430.892.7342.2841.5881.1790.825

3"

--4080160---

--stdXS-XXS--

5S10S40S80S----

2.113.055.497.6211.1015.2418.4221.59

4.5096.44411.28015.25421.31127.65131.97735.801

5.6255.3724.7624.2623.4942.6802.1301.641

4"

---4080120-160---

---StdXS---XXS--

5S10S-40S80S------

2.113.054.786.028.5611.1012.7013.4917.1220.3223.50

5.8348.34912.73916.05822.29328.21631.78833.49940.98547.04652.560

9.5249.1828.6318.2007.4116.6676.1915.9835.0304.2623.558

6"

---4080120160---

---StdXS--XXS--

5S10S-40S80S-----

2.773.405.567.1110.9714.2718.2421.9525.4028.58

7.99213.82522.35328.23142.51854.15567.41579.11289.40498.345

20.80520.44819.49518.61716.80215.32813.63212.15910.8409.699

8"

---2030406080100120140160--

-----Std-XS------

5S10S---40S-80S------

2.773.765.566.357.048.1810.3112.7015.0618.2420.6223.0125.4028.58

14.74819.94229.22833.27636.75842.48853.03964.57375.70490.229100.840111.153121.194134.107

35.82135.10634.08033.45433.00832.27930.93929.46628.03726.19224.83823.51322.24120.594

a: ANSI B36.10 steel pipe schedule numbers

b: ANSI B36.10 steel pipe nominal wall thicknes designation

c: ANSI B36.10 stainless steel pipe schedule numbers.

25 44

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SEM - 3036E

REV. :

1998. 9.28 PAGE OF

5

6.4.5 Pipe weight (cont'd)

ormalpipesize


weight(kg/m)


10"

---2030406080100120-

140160--

-----

StdXS--------

5S10S---

40S80S--------

3.404.195.566.357.809.2712.7015.0618.2421.4122.2325.4028.5831.7538.10

22.54627.82936.65441.72950.95660.24281.46395.735114.486132.746137.330154.965172.109188.732220.535

55.65854.91453.87253.27752.08750.74748.06946.28343.90241.66941.07438.84236.60934.52630.508

12"

--2030-40-6080-

100-

120140-

160

----

Std-XS---------

5S10S--

40S-

80S---------

3.964.576.358.389.5310.3112.7014.2717.4519.0521.4122.2325.4028.5831.75

-

31.23736.01449.67665.13873.75579.66397.357108.876131.720143.164159.534165.040186.753207.870228.586

-

78.42877.68376.04673.96372.92172.17769.94568.45765.48064014161.90961.16558.48655.80753.27751.938

14"

----10-20-3040--60-80100120140160

--------

Std--XS-------

5S10S-----------------

3.964.785.335.566.357.147.928.749.5311.1011.9112.7015.0615.8819.0523.8027.7631.7535.71

34.22841.22345.98547.92054.63161.31367.98074.70781.21094.307100.899107.284126.362132.866157.941194.551224.225253.320281.446

94.79893.90593.45893.16192.41791.52490.63189.73888.84587.35786.31585.57183.19082.29779.17274.40970.68966.96963.397

Normalpipesize


weight(kg/m)


16"

--102030406080100120140160

----StdXS------

5S10S----------

4.194.786.357.929.5312.7016.6621.4126.1930.9436.5040.46

41.66947.62262.57877.92293.131123.177159.980203.078245.298286.164332.819364.770

124.264123.520121.734119.799117.716113.846109.233103.72798.36993.16187.20883.190

18"

--1020-30-406080100120140160

----Std-XS-------

5S10S------------

4.194.786.357.929.5311.1012.7014.2719.0523.8029.3634.9339.6745.24

46.13453.57570.52587.848105.051122.121139.071155.888205.623254.108309.484363.326408.106459.121

158.046157.302155.218152.986150.605148.670146.438144.354137.955131.705124.561117.865112.060105.661

20"

--1020304060-80100120140160

---StdXS--------

5S10S-----------

4.785.546.359.5312.7015.0620.6222.2326.1932.5438.1044.4549.99

59.52868.45778.472116.972154.965182.913247.635265.984310.838381.125441.055507.621564.039

194.953193.762192.720187.512182.750179.178171.142168.761162.808153.789146.289137.806130.812

22"

--102030--3080100120140160

---StdXS--------

5S10S-----------

4.785.546.359.5312.7015.8819.0522.2328.5834.9341.2847.6353.98

65.48075.89886.315129.472171.142212.811252.992293.173373.535450.921526.819599.740671.173

236.771235.431234.241228.735223.526218.169212.960207.751197.631187.809177.987168.612159.534

26 44

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SEM - 3036E

REV. :

1998. 9.28 PAGE OF

5

6.4.5 Pipe weight (cont'd)

Normalpipesize


weight(kg/m)


24"

1020-30-40---6080100120140160-10-20-----

-StdXS--------------

StdXS-----

-------5S----------------

6.359.5312.7017.2715.8817.4519.055.5422.2324.5930.9438.8946.0252.3759.516.357.929.5312.7015.8819.0522.2325.4028.58

94.366140.812186.753209.537232.202254.733277.16081.850321.449354.353441.040546.761639.013718.990806.50999.709127.984153.283202.394251.504300.614349.724397.346444.969

279.780273.529268.023265.046262.219259.391256.564281.119250.909246.742235.580222.187210.430200.161189.000329.485326.211323.086316.687310.436304.186297.935291.834285.881

28"

-10-2030----

--

StdXS-----

---------

6.357.929.5312.7015.8819.0522.2325.4028.58

110.126136.913165.189218.764272.339324.425376.512428.598480.685

382.911379.488375.917369.071362.225355.528348.831342.283335.735

30"

-10-203040---

--

StdXS-----

5S10S-------

6.357.929.5312.7015.8819.0522.2325.4028.58

117.567147.331177.094235.134291.685348.236404.787461.339516.402

440.950437.081433.361425.920418.628411.633404.490397.346390.203

Normalpipesize


weight(kg/m)


32"

-10-203040----

--StdXS------

----------

6.357.929.5312.7015.8817.4819.0522.2325.4028.58

126.496157.748189.000250.016311.031342.283372.047433.063492.591552.118

502.710498.841494.823486.935479.048474.732471.309463.720455.981448.391

34"

-10-203040----

--StdXS------

----------

6.357.929.5312.7015.8817.4819.0522.2325.4028.58

133.937166.677200.906266.386331.866364.606395.585461.339525.331587.835

568.488564.470559.857551.820543.189538.873535.004526.968518.783510.746

36"

-10-203040---

--StdXS-----

---------

6.357.929.5312.7015.8819.0522.2325.4028.58

142.866177.094212.811282.756351.213419.669488.126556.583623.551

638.582634.117629.653620.724611.794603.163594.383585.751577.269

42"

-

-

20

30

40

-

-

-

-

Std

XS

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

6.35

9.53

12.70

15.88

19.05

25.40

31.75

38.10

166.677

248.528

330.3784

10.740

491.102

651.827

809.575

965.835

572.674

862.108

851.691

841.422

831.005

810.765

790.526

770.733

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7. Expansion Loops

Loops designed according to these charts will be stressed to the allowable limit for A-53 Gr.B

seamless Pipe. or equal, with LR elbows of the same thicikness as straight pipe.

Do not use for weaker material, or extraploate beyond the range of the charts.

With long expansion lenghts and nested loops, investigate pipe movements.

If thrusts are critical, consult stress section.

The distance between the guides. "G" is a minimum.

If there is not sufficient room to accommodate the depth of loop shown on the chart, then some

relief can be found by widening the loop. This effect is small, and can only be counted on within

the following limits:

To reduce H by 0.3m, increase W by 3.6m

To reduce H by 0.6m, increase W by 7.2m

If W > 6m then G 2W

H always 1.5m, even after reduction.

No. reduction of H greatr than 0.6m is permitted.

i.e., No increase of W greater than 7.2m permitted.

If it is desirable from a layout point of view, W may always be safely increased without any

decrease on H, providing that:

W anchor distance

G 2W

For loops in which there is a vertical offset:

No credit may be taken if the dimensiion V is a minimum-i.e. fitting to fitting.

If V consists partly of straight pipe, the flexibility of the loop will be increased, and the

amount of this increase shall be checked by stress engineer.

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7.1 For 3" std wt to xxs inclusive

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8. RACK STRUCTURE (for reference)

(1) Allow sufficient rack width between columns. (Refer para.5)

(Reference example) Rack span by plant

(Unit : mm)

(2) For conditions of rack span, decision shall be made considering the following:

1) Mutual relation with plot of each machinery

2) Relation with pipe diameter

Decision on what the minimum pipe diameter of rack piping shall be and what the allowable

bending of the minimum pipe diameter shall be.

3) Relation with pipe weight

Fluid weight of pipe, pipe weight, valve weight and insulation weight.

4) Support for special piping

Relation with piping whose support span is short, such as copper, many kinds of plastic and

glass lining pipes.

5) Relation with deflection

If deflection of pipe is too great, drainage is not good, fluid which is in the slurry state

of high boiling point produces crystals and condensible vapor such as steam and dowtherm

vapor causes water hammering.

Type of plant Rack span

Urea plant (6002,000 T/Y) 6000

Pitch Coke Plant 6000

Ethylene plant (200,000300,000 T/Y) 10000

Methanol, Polybuthyl, Refinery 6000 8000

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(3) Basically, do not use assembled column for rack column.

(4) For rack column around structure or building, use columns of structure or building column

together if possible, and allow easy access from the ground.

(5) If necessary, rack shall be grounded.

(6) Rack column shall be fire proofed where necessary.

Construction method and range of fire proof shall be in accordance with the job specific

requirements.

(7) If rack is long (specially for O.S.B.L), provide one joint

bolt slot at the beam connection at every 5060m to absorb the thermal expansion

from temperature changes. And, do not joint the crossing rack each other.

(8) If there is expansion loop, or a lot of branch piping is expected to the unit on the rack,

indicate it on the structure planning drawing of the below form.

(9) Basically, ladders shall be installed at every 4060m of the rack considering the relation of

each area and cat way.

(10) Install bracing on the rack within the range that it does not interfere with pipe run,

operation and maintenance. (One bracing shall be installed at least every six span of racks.)

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(11) Examples of rack structure

1) 1 level rack (there is also reinforced concrete.) : L = 6 m

2) 2 level

Normal structure (number of beam is 2 : one on the upper and the other on the lower) :

L = 6 m

When beam is one : L = 6 m

When beam is structured with truss : L = 1015m

(12) The maximum deflection of rack beam shall be generally 1/300 against 2 span.

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9. History of This Manual

Rev. Date Description

4 1996. 11. 15 (1) Progress of Enactment

This manual is enacted in accordance with Engineering Division

Strategic Plan, regarding the work of the rack piping.

(2) Written by : (Piping Engineering Team)

Koh Bong Hwan, Lee Joo Sang

Editorial Supervisor : Jeong Kyung Hwa

5 1998. 9. 28 (1) This manual is revised in accordance with piping design team

Strategic Plan of 1998, regarding the work of the rack piping.

(2) Piping engineerirng team

Written by : Mr. H.C. Chang, Lee joo sang

Reviewed by : Jeong kyung hwa

editorial Supervisor : Lee myung hak

44 44

Appendix : Sample of pipe rack loading data information drawing

Appendix : Sample of calculation table for maximum bending stress, anchor force and friction force

DESIGN MANUALSEM - 3118EPiping Design

Tankyard Piping

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i i

Table of Contents

1. General Page1.1 Purpose -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11.2 Scope ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11.3 Reference ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

2. Type of Tank2.1 Classification by Shape of Tank ---------------------------------------------------------------- 12.2 Classification by Installing Method of Tank -------------------------------------------------- 2

3. Arrangement Plan3.1 Tank ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 53.2 Dike ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 63.3 Pipe Rack and Sleeper ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83.4 Pump Station ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 83.5 Stair Way ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93.6 Drainage ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

4. Tankyard Piping4.1 Process and Utility Piping ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 114.2 Fire Extinguishing Piping --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13

5. Tank Nozzle Orientation5.1 Cylindrical Tank --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 155.2 Spherical Tank ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 165.3 Horizontal Tank --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17

6. Revision History ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17

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1. General

1.1 Purpose

This Manual has its purpose on increasing efficiency for piping design of tankyard in a plantdesigned by SECL and providing uniformity.

1.2 Scope

This Manual is applicable to the piping design around storage tank which is included in the offsitefacilities of plant designed by SECL. But, if the Job specification (client's request or contractcontents) and contents of this manual disagrees, primarily apply the Job specification.

1.3 Reference

1.3.1 H-101E "Piping Design"1.3.2 SEM-2002E "Plant Layout Standard"1.3.3 SEM-2006E "Design Standard of Tankyard by NFPA 30"1.3.4 SEM-3015E "Underground Piping"1.3.5 SEM-3036E "Rack Piping"1.3.6 SEM-3039E "Piping Design Standard"1.3.7 SEM-3074E "Pump Piping"1.3.8 6310-500-001 "Arrangement Standard by Domestic Law"1.3.9 6310-500-002 "Arrangement Standard by Foreign Law"1.3.10 6310-500-024 "Design Standard of Fire Extinguishing for Each Fire Extinguishing Facility"

2. Type of Tank

2.1 Classification by Shape of Tank

2.1.1 Cylindrical Type(1) Cone Roof Tank

Low pressure container which is generally used type of tank, used for storing utilitiessuch as oil, chemicals, refined oil, food, and water.

(2) Floating Roof TankA tank applied for storage of hazardous substances with high volatility and large-capacity because it can minimize the vapor loss by moving the roof of container upand down.

(3) Dome Roof TankLow pressure tank mainly storing gas liquefied at the boiling point (Ammonia,Propane, Methane, etc.)

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2.1.2 Spherical Type TankTank mainly storing gas, used for high pressure.

2.1.3 Horizontal or Bullet TypeUsed for high pressure, and shall be installed with a Berm on the head side as it isshown below [Fig. 2-1] in order to minimize damage to near by facilities and human livesin case of explosion.

[Fig. 2-1] Horizontal Tank

2.2 Classification by Installing Method of Tank

2.2.1 Ground-installed Type

(1) Earth Foundation (Compacted Fill Foundation)Applied to large capacity tank, minimizing origination of settlement by doingcompacted fill like [Fig. 2-2].

[Fig. 2-2] Compacted Fill Tank Pad

(2) Concrete FoundationMost general type, mainly applied to small capacity tanks.

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(3) Concrete Ring Wall FoundationMake concrete ring outside foundation and inside, it is totally filled with soil bycompacted fill and filling soil on the concrete ring. Generally applicable when thebase elevation of tank is high.

(4) Concrete Slab FoundationApply to low pressure tank which should block the earth heat transmitted from theground, and maintain some gap (Min.300mm ~ Max.1800mm) under the slab as [Fig.2-3].

[Fig. 2-3] Concrete Slab Foundation

2.2.2 Underground-installed Type

(1) Underground LayingMethod to completely lay a tank under the ground in order to protect fromtemperature change, explosion, fire from outside, etc. Details are as follows.

1) Method to lay directly under the ground2) Method to install a tank inside the Concrete Wall3) Method to fill soil or sand between the wall and tank4) Method to install a tank inside tunnel (for special case )5) Method to store using water layer after excavating rock(for special case )

(2) Half-underground LayingA type considering merits of underground storage and economic efficiency, which isto be installed in following ways to minimize excavation.1) Method to lay directly on earth

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2) Method to install a tank inside concrete wall3) Method to fill earth or sand between the concrete wall and tank4) Method to do steel lining inside concrete wall

For Underground Laying

For Half-Underground Laying

For Ground Laying

[Fig. 2-4] Tank Laying

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3. Arrangement Plan

The locations and distance of Tank, Dike, Pipe Rack, Sleeper, Pump Station,etc are organized earlyduring general layout planning based on the manual (SEM-2002E, SEM-2006E) and related laws.Therefore, this manual only mentions other matters.

3.1 Tank3.1.1 Consider economic efficiency, safety and process characteristics during arrangement, putting

on lower area for the whole site.3.1.2 Do grouping by tanks with the same characteristics of storing contents as [Fig. 3-1], and

specially put aside tanks with other characteristics.3.1.3 Arrangement of tanks shall be single or double so that it becomes easy for approaching

and fire extinguishing in case of disaster.

[Fig. 3-1] Tank Grouping

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3.1.4 A tank that needs to load or unload contents should be arranged near road.3.1.5 A foam Tank for fire extinguishing should be arranged as far as possible from a tank

containing dangerous contents or corresponding dike.3.1.6 Decide the height of tank foundation by considering the height of pump suction, which

should be 300mm at least.

3.2 Dike

3.2.1 Installation of Dike

(1) Install dikes around tank required by the law or code, preventing spread of spilledstored fluid .

(2) The height of dike, distance between a tank and dike, maximum number of tanks inone dike, necessity of a middle dike, etc. should be designed under related laws andcodes since it differs by the type of stored fluid .

[Fig. 3-2] Dike & Intermediate Dike

(3) If the upper part of dike is to be used as inspection passage also, make the width ofdike 800mm at least.

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3.2.2 Type of Dike

(1) Concrete Dike(2) Earth Dike(3) Mix of Earth and Concrete, etc.

3.2.3 Calculation of Capacity(Height) of Dike

(1) Calculation of capacity is generally done based on the maximum storage tank in dike,but details should follow related laws and codes and be checked by the fireextinguishing design manager.

(2) Domestic law regulates the height of dike as 0.5 ~ 3.0m from the inside ground ofdike, but generally apply 1.0~1.5m. (NFPA recommends 1.8m)

(3) For the exact calculation of the capacity(height) of dike, refer to the following formula.

Dike Capacity= Capacity of the Largest Tank + Foundation Volume of Each Tank

+ Area of Tank excluding the Largest Tank ( Height of Dike - FoundationHeight of Each Tank)

(4) Make it little bigger than the calculated capacity (5~10%) considering pipe, sleeper,stairway, etc. that are to be installed in dike.

3.2.4 Dike Penetration Method

Penetration of a dike should be limited as much as possible, but if it is inevitable such asPump Suction piping, select as it fits to the design(fluid) conditions with following methodsby referring to [Picture 3-3] in order to prevent fluid leakage through the penetration part.

(1) Penetrate dike with sleeve and seal the gap between sleeve and pipe with asphaltpitch, urethane foaming, mortar, and other caulking materials. (But, the used materialmust be proper to the fluid, and the sleeve should be in one level larger size thanthe pipe)

(2) Install the Penetration Plate, welding with pipe to prevent leakage.(3) Make the penetration part in box form, and seal inside with clay or sand or materials

of item (1).(4) Method to lay/execute pipe directly on dike(5) Method to lay pipe under the dike footing (But, Low Point Pocket originates)

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[Fig. 3-3] Dike Penetration Seal3.3 Pipe Rack and Sleeper

3.3.1 Design as it becomes the shortest distance for the Pipe Racks or Sleepers3.3.2 Consider pipe rack for the following areas in tankyard.

(1) Section necessary for vehicle approach(2) Road crossing(3) Section with slope or no pocket pipe such as flare line

3.3.3 Install sleeper inside a dike as much as possible, and decide the height of sleeper byconsidering tank nozzle, height of pump suction and dike, and especially design so that it islower than the height of dike.

3.3.4 The first layer of sleeper should be concrete, and the upper side that contacts with pipeshould be steel(insert plate).

3.3.5 If the sleeper is to be organized more than two tier, make it mix structure of concrete andsteel.

3.3.6 Design the sleeper as low as possible.

3.4 Pump Station3.4.1 Do not distribute pumps in various locations, and install on one location in a group.3.4.2 Install pumps in group so that the number of pump station can be minimized.3.4.3 The pump station is to be installed as near as possible from tank.3.4.4 If there are a lot of tanks, also consider the design with more than two pump stations to

make the distance of pump suction pipe shortest.3.4.5 Arrange pump station near road considering pump operation and repair.

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3.4.6 Decide the height of Pump Foundation by considering the location of related tank nozzle,which is to be at least 300mm.

3.4.7 Install the spill wall with the height of 150~300mm for pump station so that in case ofprocess fluid leakage it does not spread out.

3.4.8 Design to install trench and drain pit inside the pump station to converge drainage, andconverged fluid is to be connected to the corresponding U/G sewer system.

3.4.9 Paving and spill wall do not have to be installed around the pump that transports the fluidevaporated with liquefied gas during leakage or the non-contaminate fluid.

3.5 Stair Way

3.5.1 Installing Location(1) Location where dike entrance and exit are needed(2) Location where a person should go through sleeper for inspection(3) Location where valves and equipments installed on sleeper are needed to be operated

and inspected(4) Location where valves and equipments installed on tank are needed to be operated

and inspected(5) Location where operation of valve around pump and passage are needed

3.5.2 Points to be considered during Designing Stair Way for Dike(1) Stairs installed around dike must follow the width and distance required by related laws or

codes.

[Fig. 3-4] Access Route

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(2) The width of stair must be more than 1.5m based on the domestic law, and thedistance between stairs must be in 50m along the circumference of dike, andgenerally apply concrete structure.

(3) For the installing location of stair way, consider the inspection of tankyard andapproach of passage as [Picture 3-4], and make sure there are in the same form.

(4) When a slope is to be installed instead of stair way, the slope must be in 30 degrees.

3.5.3 Matters to be considered during Designing Stair Way for Tank(1) Generally, for the tank diameter of over 10m or the height of over 6m or special case

it is planned for stair way, and if not a casing ladder is installed.(2) Select between the following shapes by tank size, height, machinery, geological design

condition, etc.1) Install circular stair way directly on tank2) Install pipe column next to tank and install spiral type stair way3) Organize structure next to tank and install stair way4) Install straight stair way

[Fig. 3-4] Circular Stair Way

(3) Generally the installing degree of stair way is to be about 35( MAX. 42), and thewidth is 900 ~ 1200mm, the middle platform is appropriate to be installed in 4m atmost.

(4) If more than 2 Tanks are to be installed with one stair way, it should be planned tobe easy for emergency exit and approach in case of disaster.

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(5) Do not connect the platform and stairway installed on top of the tank and maintaincertain gap so that in case of disaster the tank explodes only to the top whichminimizes damage.

(6) Design stair way or the entrance of ladder in the same direction or symmetrically byconsidering main passage of tankyard.

(7) Install stair way or ladder on the sunny side for cold site.

3.6 Drainage

3.6.1 Should collect drainage by installing trench and drain pit inside dike and pump station. But,it is good not to consider for the fluid that evaporates during leakage such as liquefied gas.

3.6.2 Design it for the converged fluid to be discharged separately between oily and non-oily.

4. Tankyard Piping

4.1 Process and Utility Piping

4.1.1 Design piping around tank inside dike basically as sleeper piping.4.1.2 For piping on a sleeper, arrange utility piping in the middle as [Fig. 4-1], and on both

sides, arrange process piping connected on tank to the side with corresponding tank.

[Fig. 4-1] Sleeper Piping

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4.1.3 Piping inside dike that is not related to tank should not go through inside dike.4.1.4 Design that piping so that it does not penetrate dike as possible except pump suction pipe.4.1.5 Make sure there is no air pocket part in pump suction pipe.4.1.6 Pump suction pipe that penetrates dike should be flexible so that heavy load by thermal

expansion does not influence pump nozzle.4.1.7 Install the first valve between blind flange and pipe directly on tank nozzle.4.1.8 If a large(heavy) valve is attached directly to tank nozzle, check if the nozzle should be

reinforced. Examine following reinforcing method by discussing with the machinery manager.

(1) Method to attach reinforcement pad(2) Method to attach support to the tank shell(3) Method to attach support to the tank foundation

4.1.9 Install emergency shutdown valve as near as possible to tank.4.1.10 If the block valve for safety valve is a gate valve, install it to straight pipe so that if any

disc problem occurs because of corrosion it can be maintained in open form.4.1.11 Piping installed in dike should be supported by U bolt or in a shape that is able to hold so

that the piping does not float up by buoyancy in case of rain or contents leakage.4.1.12 For locations predicted for possible tank settlement, select between following plans and

reflect it to design.(1) Installation of L type or type horizontal loop(2) Install Flexible Tube (apply only to less than 6", pressure less than 15/)(3) Install Expansion Joint (apply if design pressure is high or piping size is big)(4) Install Adjustable Type Support (first support from tank nozzle)

[Fig. 4-2] Pump Suction Piping

4.1.13 Support for the piping installed on top of tank is to be Resting Type.4.1.14 Drainage discharged from tank is to be connected by trench or sump box through laid pipe

by receiving with Drip Funnel.

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4.1.15 If the Tank Foundation is Earth, make sure that sleeper, piping, support, etc. are notinstalled on the side or top of Earth Foundation.

4.1.16 Lateral displacement Volume by the Length of Flexible Tube should be designed byreferring to [Table 4-1] below.

[Table 4-1] Maximum Displacement and Bending Range by the Length of Flexible Tube

(Unit:mm)

Size(Inch)

lateral displacement Volume (d) by Tube Length (L)BendingRange500 800 1000 1300 1500 2000

2 35 100 150 225 300 750

3 25 85 140 200 275 850

4 20 65 100 185 250 1200

6 - 35 70 110 175 250 1400

4.2 Fire Extinguishing Piping

For detail design standard about fire extinguishing piping, refer to the piping registration technicaldata 6310-500-024 "Fire Extinguishing Facility Design Standard for Each Fire Extinguishing Facilityand related regulations.

4.2.1 Water Spraying Fire Extinguishing Facility(1) General

1) Fire extinguishing water cannot be used for other purposes.2) Fire extinguishing piping of tankyard is generally to be laid except inside dike.3) Fire extinguishing piping inside dike is to be installed on the ground around tank.

(2) Hydrant System Piping1) Main piping should be planned to make loop shape around each area as [Picture

4-3].2) Install block valves on the main piping so that it can block the zone.3) Install blind flange if additional execution is predictable.

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[Fig. 4-3] Loop of Fire Extinguishing Piping

(3) Water-Spray and Deluge Systems1) For an old fashioned tank, protect the top surface with Top-Nozzle-Deluge

System, and protect the bottom surface with Bottom-Spray System.2) For a cone roof tank that is storing liquefied oil gas, protect roof by Top-Nozzle-

Deluge System or Drencher System, and protect sides with Drencher System.3) Install Distribution Valve and Main Valve at a safe area outside dike more than

15m distant from the outer surface of tank.4) Must install strainer between Main Valve and Distribution Header, and use

Galvanized Pipe for downstream side of strainer.5) Make the piping inside dike on the ground, and install Drain Valve.6) Make sure fire extinguishing piping does not penetrates dike.

(4) Steam Curtain1) If the length of Steam Curtain Header exceeds 15m, steam should be supplied

on both sides, and the material of Header should be Stainless Steel Pipe.2) Use manual controlling valve, and set it more than 15m distant from the object

and Steam Curtain Header so that it becomes easy to approach in case of gasleakage.

3) Install Steam Curtain Header inside Trench as [Fig. 4-4].

[Fig. 4-4] Steam Curtain Detail

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(5) Sprinkler System1) Install strainer at the entrance part of piping, and use galvanized pipe for the

posterior part of strainer.2) Generally install in Warehouse, Bagging Warehouse, etc.

4.2.2 Foam Fire Extinguishing Facility

(1) Foam fire extinguishing facility should be designed that foam solution in foam hydrantor foam chamber can be supplied from both the pressure balance tank and air-foamfire truck.

(2) If more than two foam chambers are to be installed in one tank, install foamchambers on the outer surface of tank in a fixed distance, and organize piping so thatsame amount of foam is distributed from each chamber.

(3) Foam solution pipe does not have to form a loop.(4) Foam solution piping inside tank dike is to be on the ground and should not penetrate

dike.(5) Foam solution pipe should maintain al least the slope of 1/250, and install drain valve

at the lowest location so that the foam solution in pipe can be totally discharged. Fora laid pipe, install pit for Drain Valve.

(6) Must install strainer on the water piping supplying to foam solution tank.(7) Install foam solution tank and manually operated control valve outside dike, and make

the distance at least 15m from the outer surface of tank.(8) Install the block valve for hydrant piping for foam extinguishing outside dike. Install in

group as possible, and make the distance at least 15m from the outer surface oftank.

(9) Install foam solution tank as close as possible to the Control Room.(10) If a pipe for Form Chamber or Spray is supplied by Tank Vender, make the height of

Connection Flange about 1.5m from the ground.

5. Tank Nozzle Orientation5.1 Cylindrical Type

5.1.1 For a tank that should have equivalent concentration, temperature, etc. or the contents intank gets corroded if they remain in, make the location of inlet and outlet in oppositedirection as possible.

5.1.2 Design Overflow Nozzle in the same direction with Drain Nozzle in order to make lineconnection easy.

5.1.3 Install Drain Nozzle in direction of Outlet Nozzle connected to Pump Suction to makeconnection with Pump Suction piping easy, and make Valve Operation in near location.

5.1.4 Nozzle for instrument should be installed at the location with little influence of fluid feed,and it is generally installed at 30 degrees apart from left and right of inlet nozzle.

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5.1.5 Install Level Gage and Level Controller on the Outlet Nozzle side, and it should be whereoperator's approach and control are easy.

5.1.6 Nozzle including manhole installed on the roof is to be installed at one place as possibleso that approach and installation of PF are easy.

5.1.7 Floating Type Level Gauge, Gauge Hatch, and Other System Nozzle installed on Roofshould be installed where approach from PF is easy, but avoid the stair way side.

5.1.8 Install Side Manhole near Drain Nozzle, and arrange it in the direction where wind comesin for ventilation.

5.1.9 Roof Manhole is to be arranged at where the degrees with side manhole os from 90 to180 considering ventilation.

5.1.10 PF installed on roof is to be designed to approach from Stair Way, and make the width atleast 1.0m. For necessary part, install by extending PF, but minimize as much as possible.

5.1.11 Handrail installed on the side of Roof should be installed more than 1.0m from the neededpart.

5.1.12 If the height of Tank is over 10m, install Intermediate PF.

5.2 Spherical Type

5.2.1 General installation height of tank is based on the height of lower part Nozzle, and installas low as possible but at least 1.5m.

5.2.2 Make the distance between Nozzles so that it does not interfere with the next Nozzle andthe Component installed on it, and design Nozzle Elevation in the same height as possible.

5.2.3 The projection of upper nozzle should be at least 100mm from PF TOS(Top of Structure)as [Picture 5-1] so that there is no problem in Bolting work. Especially, when large diameteror high pressure flange is used, calculate necessary projection value by detail calculation.

[Fig. 5-1] Nozzle Projection

5.2.4 Same type of Nozzles are to be installed in group.5.2.5 Install PF on the upper part to make approach to related nozzle easy.5.2.6 Design the installation direction of fire extinguishing spray piping as it does not interfere

other piping and nozzle, and the height of Connection Flange is to be about 1.5m from theground.

5.2.7 All upper part nozzles should be planned to be installed in PF, and the width of PF should

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be over 1.0m.

5.3 Horizontal Type

5.3.1 Generally an inlet nozzle is installed on upper side, being arranged in the opposite directionwith Outlet Nozzle.

5.3.2 Outlet and Instrument Nozzle are installed in the opposite side of Feed Nozzle (maximumdistance).

5.3.3 Drain Nozzle is to be arranged in the opposite direction with Inlet Nozzle, and if theequipment is installed as slope, install at low point.

5.3.4 Arrange Vent and Safety Valve Nozzle in the direction of Outlet Nozzle.5.3.5 Locations where Internal Piping is at and damage of equipments are worried during opening

manhole are excluded from installation locations.5.3.6 If the manhole and an item needed to be controlled and inspected are over 2.1m apart

from the ground, install PF on the top or side of tank. But, if there is no valve andequipment, install PF only for where more than 3.6m apart from the ground.

5.3.7 The width of PF is to be at least 1m.

6. Revision History

REV. DATE PAGE DISCRIPTION

0 2000.12.12 - - Newly Established

- Department : Piping TeamPrepared by : Lee, Joo SangReviewed by : Kim, Gi PilApproved by : Lee, Myung Hak

0 2003.10.31 ALL

- RevisionAdjusted/Complemented based on SEM-0002 "EngineeringManual Framing Guide". Also, to be consistent with thepurpose of this manual, general explanation is omitted and it isreorganized by the contents applied in actual jobs andrecommended by related exclusive books.

- Department : Planning & Piping Engineering TeamPrepared by : No, Hui KwonReviewed by : Kim, Gi Pil (Proposal Team)Approved by : Kim, Suk Gi

SAMSUNG ENGINEERING CO., LTD.

DESIGN MANUAL

SEM - 3074E

Piping Design Manual

PUMP PIPING

REV. :

DATE :

4

2006. 11. 10

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4

CONTENTS

Page

1. GENERAL

1.1 Purpose and Application Scope ------------------------------------------------------- 1

1.2 Relevant Manuals and Standards ------------------------------------------------------ 1

1.3 Basic Concept ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

2. CRITERIA FOR DETAILED DESIGN

2.1 Criteria for Pump Layout Decision --------------------------------------------------- 4

2.2 Pump Surroundings Piping ------------------------------------------------------------ 6

2.3 Pump Surroundings Support ---------------------------------------------------------- 13

3. HISTORY OF THIS MANUAL ------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

APPENDIX

I. Typical Arrangement Drawing (Sample)

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1. GENERAL

1.1 Purpose and Application Scope

The purpose of this manual is to increase efficiency and establish standards for design by

providing the basic concept necessary for piping design and the criteria for detailed design

relevant to pump on the plant which is designed and/or constructed by Samsung Engineering Co.,

Ltd. The scope included in this manual is for the normal pumps under room temperature, and it

shall not be used for special pumps.

1.2 Relevant Manuals and Standards

1.2.1 Relevant to pump layout decision criteria

(1) SEM-2002 "Plant Layout Standard (for Chemical Plant)"

1.2.2 Relevant to pump surroundings piping

(1) SEM-3039 "Piping Design Criteria"

(2) SEM-3016 "Piping Flexibility Analysis"

(3) API 610 "Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Service"

(4) API 686 "Recommended Practice for Machinery Installation and Installation Design"

1.2.3 Relevant to pump surroundings support

(1) SEM-3040 "Pipe Hanging No.1 (Piping Hanging Manual)"

(2) SEM-3043 "Pipe Support Design Data"

1.3 Basic Concept

1.3.1 Definition of pump

Pump is a device which give pressure to fluid passing through it and discharges the

fluid to the outside.

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1.3.2 Type and specifics of pump

(1) Classification by structure and operation method

TypeClassification

by structure

Classification

by operation

method

Specifics

Positive

displacement

pump

Reciprocating

pump

- Piston pump

- Plunger pump

- Diaphragm pump

This type of pump sucks in

fluid through reciprocating

movement of piston or plunger,

and discharges fluid by

pressing with required amount

of pressure. It is used when

high pressure is required even

though the amount of discharge

is small.

Rotary

pump

- Gear pump

- Screw pump

- Vane pump

This type of pump sucks in

fluid through the rotation

movement of rotor, and has the

advantage of little pulsation

due to the special

characteristics in operation.

Kinetic pump

Centrifugal

pump

- Radial flow

- Volute pump

- Mixed flow

pump

- Axial flow

pump

This type of pump transfers

energy to fluid through

centrifugal force by impeller

rotation or through the changes

of size and direction

of section area of passage, and

converts velocity energy to

pressure energy in volute

chamber or diffuser.

Special pump

- Jet pump

- Gas lift pump

- Wesco pump

This type of pump has a low

efficiency and is not used

except for a special purpose.

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(2) Other classification

1) Classification by suction type :

- Single suction type

- Double suction type (for big volume pump)

2) Classification by the number of impeller arrangement :

- Single-stage type

- Multi-stage type

3) Classification by the pump installation method :

- Vertical pump type

- Horizontal pump type

1.3.3 NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head)

NPSH is the numerical value expressed by hydraulic head after deducting the vaporizing

pressure proper to water temperature from the total pressure (indicated in absolute

pressure) loaded on pump suction nozzle. In NPSH, there are NPSH Required (NPSHr) which

is required by pump itself and NPSH Available (NPSHa), and care shall be taken when

NPSHr is bigger than NPSHa as cavitation occurs in this case. When cavitation

occurs, it causes vibration and noise, and casing and impeller can be corroded or pump

efficiency is dropped. Therefore, if the difference between NPSHa and NPSHr is less

than 0.3 1.0m at the time of checking vendor data sheet [ that is, NPSHa NPSHr

(0.3 1m)], decision on NPSH test shall be made according to Engineering

Specification SES-GA-201E and API 610.

Pump Differential Head

10H (Po Ps)

Sp.Gr

Where, H : Head (m)

Ps : Pump suction pressure (/)

Po : Pump discharge pressure (/)

Sp.Gr : Specific gravity at pumping temperature

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NPSH Required

NPSHr H

Where, H : Pump differential head

: Cavitation coefficient of Thoma

NPSH Available

10NPSHa (P1 P2) P H

Sp.Gr

Where, P1 : Pressure at suction liquid level (/)

P2 : Vapor pressure at suction temperature (/)

P : Pressure drop in suction line (/)

H : Height between the normal liquid level and pump centerline (m)

2. CRITERIA FOR DETAILED DESIGN

2.1 Criteria for Pump Layout Decision

2.1.1 Requirements

(1) Install suction line to be minimum and straight against suction resource if

possible.

1) Minimize pressure drop of suction line.

2) Restrain the cavitation occurrence.

(2) Considering the installation and removal of pump and motor, installation shall be

done on the convenient place for maintenance.

(3) Install on the place where access is easy during the operation.

(4) Installation shall be balanced with the overall equipment arrangement.

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2.1.2 Pump arrangement

(1) Line-Up for pump discharge nozzle

1) Piping is standardized.

2) Support is convenient.

3) Piping is orderly arranged.

4) Operation and control are easy.

(2) Line-up for the rear of pump foundation

1) Construction of cable pit is easy.

2) Pump motor and switch are lined up, and instruments are orderly arranged.

(3) Line-up for the front of pump foundation

It is convenient for cleaning inside of pump and for the pump which is necessary to

discharge internal fluid during the maintenance.

(4) Arrangement for vertical pump

Line-up for the center of shaft shall be done with the consideration of

installation and maintenance.

2.1.3 Pump spacing and height of pump foundation

(1) Pump spacing (pump centerline to centerline)

The following table shall be the basis in plot checking, and the detailed dimension

shall be decided after piping study.

(2) Height of pump foundation

Height of pump foundation shall be 100300mm from ground level or floor level if

it is on the paving or inside of building, but it shall be 300500mm for the area

where flood is expected.

Suction pipe size (B) Up to 2 2.1/25 610 1214 1618

Pump spacing (mm) 1500 2000 2500 3000 4000

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2.2 Pump Surroundings Piping

2.2.1 Typical arrangement

Refer to Appendix I "Typical Arrangement Drawing (sample)".

2.2.2 Major considerable items

(1) Consideration of pressure loss

1) Piping around pump (specially suction line) shall be simple and with the minimum

length so that the pressure loss shall be minimized.

2) Radius of curvature in curve area shall be used with big one (long radius elbow)

if possible and short radius elbow shall not be used as a rule.

3) If discharge pipe size is bigger than pump nozzle size, install gate valve and

check valve on the line after size is increased. (But, except when it is

indicated on P & ID.)

4) If more than 2 sets of pumps are used in a row, each suction piping shall have

the same amount of pressure loss so that there will be no drifting but the

uniform flow on each pump. (for example, symmetric piping).

(2) Consideration of external force on pump nozzle

1) Piping shall be routed to

Documents

SAMSUNG PIPING DESIGN GUIDE.pdf