Sail Rigging for MIC July 2014 1 Sail Vessel Rigging Inspection Marc Cruder – Traveling Senior Marine Inspector – USCG Headquarters

Sail Rigging for MIC July 2014

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Sail Vessel Rigging Inspection

Marc Cruder – Traveling Senior Marine Inspector – USCG Headquarters


Traveling Inspection Staff (CG-5P–TI)

• Unique, Specialized, Highly Experienced Staff • Mission Management & Inspection Specialists• Recommendations to CG-5P and its Directorates• Targeted Vessels and Oversight/Issues of Concern• On-Call Technical Resource for Sectors/Districts/Areas• Oversight/Audits/Special Studies• Support to CG-INV for Safety Recommendations and

Marine Safety Alerts as a result of Casualties• Primary technical advisors to the NCOEs• Industry Advocate/Operator POC to Broker Concerns

“Provide professional Marine Safety expertise and leadership to improve proficiency and performance to meet mission requirements.”


Sail Vessel Population

• 5% of the inspected fleet nationally (350+)

• Concentrations:

- Hawaii = 15%; almost all catamarans

- D7 = 30%; three quarters catamarans - D1 = 35%; mostly traditional rigs

- D11/D13 combined = 20%; mixed rigs


Sail Vessel Casualty HistoryOver the last 8 years:

• 37 casualties specific to Sail Vessels

• 18 involved masts, spars and rigging

• (15) were dismastings; (1) failed topping lift; (1) failed bowsprit; (1) failed gaff

• 10 of 15 were sailing catamarans - 3 in Hawaii (2 w/fatalities); 1 in San Francisco; 2 in Key West, 1 in St. Croix, USVI and 3 in San Juan, PR

• 3 of 15 were traditional schooners

Na Hoku II – Dismasted Dec 2006 - Mamala Bay, HI - 1 fatalityO.N. 996153 – MISLE Case No. 329465

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Na Hoku II

• Causal Factors– Altered/Non-standard mainsail installation not

submitted for CG review– Holes drilled in unsupported span

• Other factors– Master was an unspecified distance outside the

boundaries of his inland license as defined by the OCMI, but within sight of land

– Master tested positive for THC


Kiele V – Dismasted March 2007 - Maui, HI - 1 fatalityO.N. 628114 – MISLE Case No. 2895732


Kiele V• Causal factors

- undetermined (at least by the CG) since much of rig unrecoverable

• Other factors

- Mast step collar found sheered off

* typical catamaran specific installation; * opened dialog for regular unstepping of the rig

- History of prior dismastings in 1991 and 1996 Sail Rigging for MIC - July 2014

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Catamaran Mast Step Failure


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Ho O Nanea - Dismasted July 2008 - Oahu, HI O.N. 939251 – MISLE Case No. 3277942


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Rig Failures

GET AWAY - Dismasted 16 August 2013 – Fajardo, PR O.N. 1072889 – MISLE Case/Activity = 4687110/4687063


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Rig Failures

Outer Bobstay “Cranse Iron”Failure (with evidence of previous fracture)

Pride of Baltimore II

• Component loading underestimated in original installation – cranse iron redesigned for re-rig

• Failed iron showed indication of previous cracking before catastrophic failure

• Inspection may not have revealed the flaw

• No evidence of poor or improper maintenance

• Nonetheless raises USCG awareness of the traditionally rigged fleet


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USCG Response

• Inspected Sailing Vessel Compliance Exam “surge” locally

• Drafting and Implementation of Sector Honolulu Inspection Note 13

• Safety Recommendations responded to by published Commandant’s Actions


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SPV Examination Surge - Hawaii

59 Vessels Examined:

• 18 Vessels received CG-835’s.

– 5: deficiency correction in 30 days

– 11: deficiency correction prior to sailing

– 2: permanently removed their sailing rigs


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Sector Honolulu Inspection Note 13

• Consensus of local/national Industry & CG

• Available in the public domain on-line

• Requires “regular rig examination regime”

• Prescribes Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) where “questions remain”

• Provides 3rd party survey “minimum content”Sail Rigging for MIC

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Third Party Rigging Surveys

• Minimum content to include:

- Purpose of survey

- Method of survey

- Vessel and Rigging Design Description

- Key Component Examination (Standing Rigging)

- Running Rigging and Deck Hardware Inventory

- Summary and Conclusions

- Recommendations


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Post Accident Recommendations and Response - Na Hoku II

Safety Recommendation 6461:

• Develop national minimum standard for masting & rigging of sailing vessels, including a standard time interval for unstepping masts for inspection & third party surveys

Commandant’s Response:

• Do not concur. Existing industry standards are adequate if properly applied.


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Safety Recommendation 6463:• Design/construction stds for masts/rigging• Engineer’s/Architect’s certification to MSC for all

sail plan/rigging configurations

Commandant’s Response:• Partially concur. No justification for design and

construction stds• Consider changing MSC submittal from OCMI

discretion to mandatory (regulatory).


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Safety Recommendation 6536:• Publish uniform minimum standards for third party

rig surveys

Commandant’s Response: • Partially concur. Apply Honolulu Inspection Note 13

nationally, then evaluate whether a national standard is appropriate.


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Safety Recommendation 6537:• Create a curriculum of training addressing rig

design/maintenance/inspection including case studies of failures/mishaps

Commandant’s Response:• Concur. Establish curriculum as part of Basic Marine

Inspector’s Course; Pursue policy guidance and third party training


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Sail Vessels - The Regulatory Box

• 46 CFR 176.402(c)(1): Requires inspection of masts, spars, standing & running rigging, blocks, fittings, and sails at initial inspection.

• 46 CFR 176.802(a)(3): Inspection of masts, spars, standing & running rigging, blocks, fittings and sails at subsequent inspections

• 46 CFR 176.840: OCMI may require any additional test & inspections deemed reasonable and necessary to determine vessel and its equipment are suitable for its service.

• 46 CFR 177.330: Design, materials and construction of vessel and rig suitable for intended service. OCMI may require detailed calculations.


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Post - Inspection Note Implementation


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St. Croix and Key West – 2009/10

• 3 dismastings in 9 months - CG District 7

• 2 involved catamarans with failed stays and Sta-Lok mechanical end fittings


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Other – Booms and Topping Liftshttps://cgportal.uscg.mil/lotus/mypoc/?uri=wcm%3a3d0fff0043cfb080876fcfb8646fe1b6

http://www.roverschooners.com/

https://cgportal.uscg.mil/lotus/mypoc/?uri=wcm%3A3d0fff0043cfb080876fcfb8646fe1b6

http://www.roverschooners.com/


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Other – Booms and Topping Liftshttps://cgportal.uscg.mil/lotus/myquickr/domestic-vessel-inspections/announcements

https://cgportal.uscg.mil/lotus/myquickr/domestic-vessel-inspections/announcements


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Other – Booms and Topping Lifts

Schooner ZODIAC – Seattle, WASeptember 2010


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Schooner ZODIAC – Main Mast

Documented Vessel Examples• DENIS SULLIVAN - Incident to unstepping the rig for

winter maintenance (Sturgeon Bay - 2009/10 )

• SPIKE AFRICA - Incident to rebuild/recertification (Seattle - 2009/10)

• ZODIAC - Incident to dismasting and to establish rig maintenance protocol moving forward (Seattle - 2010/11)

• ADVENTURESS - Proactively to establish rig maintenance program in response to USCG outreach post-ZODIAC dismasting (Seattle - 2010/11)


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2011 – The Practice of Prevention

• Rigging Awareness and pro-active stance by MIs:

- dialoging with Masters and crew to establish state of rigging inspection regime onboard;

- rigging maintenance records crossed to actual conditions onboard by visual inspection;

- ordering third party rigging surveys for cause;

- engaging internal /external resources when things don’t look right

- using operational controls prior to carrying passengers


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S/V HERITAGE – Newport, RI


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S/V ROBERT C. SEAMANS - Hawaii


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S/V LADY WASHINGTON Aberdeen, WA


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S/V DAEDALUS – Mobile, AL3rd Party Survey: “…NOT fit for use as a chartered S/V”


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S/V TOLE MOUR – Long Beach, CA


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S/V SPIRIT OF DANA PT – DANA PT, CA


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S/V LIBERTY CLIPPER - Boston, MA


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S/V ROSEWAY – St. Croix, USVI


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S/V WINDY: Third Party Survey

…the vessel is considered to be suitable for its intended use WITH THE EXCEPTION OF THE USE OF TOPSAIL, OUTER JIB AND OR ANY OTHER DEVICE THAT WOULD SIGNIFICANTLY STRESS THE UPPER MASTS UNTIL THE PROPER REPAIR OF THE SPREADER ATTACHEMENTS HAVE BEEN PERFORMED.


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Head Rig Failure: Schooner Halie & Matthew

Broken wood spar – bowsprit

Fractured galvanized chain - bobstay link

Galvanized bobstay clevis pulled out of fiberglass hull @ stem


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Fore Gaff Failure: Schooner RED WITCH


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S/V ALMA – San Francisco, CA


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Top 10 Common Rigging Deficiencies

• Improperly sized wires and attachments

• Elongation /wear of toggles/shackles

• Lack of isolation of dissimilar metals

• Unapproved modifications

• Corrosion

• Lead to load misalignment

• Fractures/delamination – in high stress areas

• Lack of maintenance – no program/no training

• Running Rigging frayed/shackles worn/not moused

•Cotter Pins missing/undersized


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Sails and Rigging PQS

TSA/ USCG Collaboration with GL


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USCG - DRAFT National Note on Rigging


USCG - DRAFT National Note


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• Expands references to Sub T, K and R

• Removes explicit reference to catamarans

• Recognizes industry partners like TSA

• Clarifies 3rd Party Rigging Surveys for cause

• Allows use of GL rig certification program



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• Clarifies the role of the MSC for plan review at new construction and after rig failure or modifications

• Discusses sail condition

• Delineates OCMI enforcement options

• References the new S/V specific PQS



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• Provides revised/additional enclosures including:

- sample rig inventory/inspection template

- sample 3rd party rigging survey

- corrosion points/pathways to rigging failure

- wood spar grade standards; and

- preventive cleaning of S/S standing rigging

Executing the National Note


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• National Note = Guidance

• Goal = Meet spirit/intent of the Guidance

• Good owners/operators already maintain their rigs- Initiate the right dialog- Find out what they are doing now- Fill in the gaps and memorialize it- No maintenance protocol is not an option

• Target = operators that don’t get it


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The Way Forward (nationally)

• Sector Honolulu published and implemented Inspection Note #13 in 2008

• Sectors nationwide engaged their sailing fleets and on an ad hoc basis and successfully applied the concepts in Inspection Note #13 without regard to sail vessel type or rig

• CG Training Center, Yorktown continues to provide an “Introduction to Sail Vessels” module in the initial Marine Inspector’s Course

• CGHQ draft National Note distributed for peer review on 12/31/13.

• Peer Review Closed on 3/3/14

• Revision back to CG-CVC-1 on 6/16/14 for re-formatting to NVIC for a Spring 2015 roll-out

• CGHQ to solicit industry for a suitable 3rd party training specifically focused to rigging for Marine Inspectors


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“We must sail sometimes with the wind and sometimes against it—but sail we must and not drift, nor lie at anchor.”…(nor lose the rig!)

Marc Cruder, CDR, USCG (Ret.)Traveling Senior Marine Inspector

Commandant (CG-5P-TI)U.S. Coast Guard, Stop 75012703 Martin Luther King Jr. Ave SE Room 5R14-04 Washington, DC 20593-7501

Office: 202-372-1200 Cell: 202-680-3803Email: [email protected]

Documents

Sail Rigging for MIC July 2014 1 Sail Vessel Rigging Inspection Marc Cruder – Traveling Senior Marine Inspector – USCG Headquarters