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7/23/2019 SAIACS, The First Thirty Years
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/saiacs-the-first-thirty-years 1/74
7/23/2019 SAIACS, The First Thirty Years
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7/23/2019 SAIACS, The First Thirty Years
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7/23/2019 SAIACS, The First Thirty Years
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7/23/2019 SAIACS, The First Thirty Years
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7/23/2019 SAIACS, The First Thirty Years
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7/23/2019 SAIACS, The First Thirty Years
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7/23/2019 SAIACS, The First Thirty Years
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sgoim`lry g`uolteim-
Blvemh fgoikg l Obrestelm lt tbg lhg ia memg#
Biuhbtim gvgmtulccy kivg` arik tbg alrk ti
tbg kesseim gc`- Bg olkg ti Em`el wetb Iregmtlc
Kesseim _ioegty "IK_% Emtgrmlteimlc- Xirdemh
em Kl`rls‐miw rg+mlkg` Obgmmle‐img
plrteouclr `eaagrgmog fgtwggm bes bikg oiumtry
lm` tbes img ekplotg` bek- Bg slw tblt Em`elms
hevg l vgry behb preirety ti g`uolteim- Iatgm#
bg wls lsdg` ea bg bl` l umevgrsety `ghrgg-
Pbg trutb# ia oiursg# wls tblt bg bl` mit gvgm
oikpcgtg` behb sobiic- Pbiuhb fgwec`grg` ltrst fy tbes gkpblses# bg `gtgrkemg`cy `ergotg`
bes aurciuhbs‐tbg frglds latgr l sgt pgrei` ia
sgrveog‐tiwlr`s g`uolteim- Im bes rst frgld#
tldgm em Lkgreol# bg hlemg` l flobgcirs `ghrgg#
lm` aicciwg` et up wetb l klstgrs- _ehmeolmtcy#
bes lrgl ia spgoelcezlteim wls Bestir y- Bg kly
mit blvg dmiwm tbgm tblt bes emocemlteim air
Bestiry wiuc` stlkp etsgca im tbg `g`eolteim
pclqugs ia tbg fuec`emhs ia l olkpus‐wg wecc
oikg ti tblt prgsgmtcy-
@uremh tbes pgrei` ia s tu`y# bg kgt lm` klrreg`
Olric Ko@glrke`# tbg sprehbtcy `luhbtgr ia
kesseimlregs em Em`el- Ls et blppgms# bgr altbgr
Lm`rgw Ko@glrke` wls# air l pgrei`# premoeplc
ia tbg _iutbgrm Lsel Fefcg Oiccghg em Flmhlcirg#
`iwm tbg ril` arik wbgrg _LELO_ wiuc`
gvgmtulccy fuy pripgrty lm` gstlfcesb ets olkpus-
Pbg alrkgr arik Mgw Zglclm`
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67^lsseim Obgmmle <52<60 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
Oimsgqugmtcy# img ia _LELO_― premoepcgs es tblt
gvgry stu`gmt# gvgry auturg Obrestelm cgl`gr wbi
stu`egs tbgrg# plys sikgtbemh tiwlr` bes ir bgr
trlememh- Aemlmoelc le` es sikgtekgs lvleclfcg# fut
gvgryimg oimtrefutgs sikgtbemh- Pbgrg lrg mi
argg re`gs-
Et wls sbirtcy latgr tbes `essgrtlteim wls `img
tblt Biuhbtim aium` beksgca sblremh bes sgg`
ia lm e`gl wetb Meobiccs em tbg yglr <52<‐tbg
e`gl air lm KPb em Kesseicihy- Pbes sgg` bl`
tldgm l wbicg `gol`g ti hgrkemltg- Fut bgrg
et wls lt clst# l sbiit pusbemh tbriuhb emti tbg
cehbt ia `ly-
_tlemg` hclss wem`iw em tbg Oblpgc ia tbg
Vgsurrgoteim gsehmg` fy @ecdusbe Biuhbtim
333
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6HriwtbOmmle <52<+<52?
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Im rgqugst# @r- Ltuc Lhblkdlr wecc sbiw yiu l ogrtlem ygcciwemh sbggt ia plpgr wetb
arlyg` g`hgs- Olrgauccy prgsgrvg`# tbes es tbg cgttgr bg rgogevg` em <526 arik @r- Hrlblk
Biuhbtim- Miw bgl` ia tbg `gplrtkgmt ia Kesseicihy lt _LELO_# Lhblkdlr wls tbgm
img ia tbg sexty ir si lppceolmts air Biuhbtim―s mgw KPb prihrlkkg- Pbes `ioukgmt wls plrt
ia tbg l`kesseims oirr gspim`gmog- _ikgwblt cedg l ouodii em l oriw―s mgst# tbg mgw prihrlkkg
bltobg` em firriwg` splog- Pbg um`grstlm`emh wls tblt tbg prihrlkkg wls ti fg rum em Kl`rls
Fefcg _gkemlry "KF_%- Xblt es kirg# tbg plpgr es stlkpg`
wetb tbg LGPGE cgttgrbgl`- _LELO_# wbgm et fghlm# bl`
mgetbgr mlkg mir bikg-
Pbg Lssioelteim ia Gvlmhgceolc Pbgiciheolc G`uolteim em
Em`el "LGPGE%# irhlmezg` em tbg cltg <58>s# wls emtgm`g` ti
strgmhtbgm tbg gaairts ia gvlmhgceolc trlememh emstetuteims lcc
loriss Em`el- LGPGE filr` kgkfgrs lm` emtgrgstg` itbgrs
hltbgrg` em Obgmmle lt Biuhbtim―s emvetlteim ti `esouss bes
e`gl air iaagremh# um`gr tbg luspeogs ia LGPGE# –l img+tekg
KPb `ghrgg oiursg wetb lm gkpblses em Kesseicihy-‛
–Pbg rgspimsg ti tbg wbicg tbemh wls rltbgr gmtbuselsteo#‛
Biuhbtim rgkgkfgrs- –Fut# ls et blppgms# gmtbuselsteo
lpprivlc sikgtekgs vlpirezgs lm` yiu kly fg tbg imcy
pgrsim cgat stlm`emh‐wbeob es wblt blppgmg` em tbes
setulteim-‛
Pbg fghemmemh ia _LELO_ es im tbg rgoir` ls ioourre mh em
tbg sukkgr ia <52<- Biuhbtim lm` l ocustgr ia emtgrgstg`
cgl`grs fghlm puttemh tihgtbgr tbg mgogsslry plrts ia tbger
`rglk pisthrl`ultg prihrlkkg# tbg `rglk tblt bl` fggm
emoufltemh air tgm cimh yglrs-
Ls tbgy fghlm ti `rlw up l cedgcy ourreoucuk ia oiurs gs# tbgy rglcezg` twi tbemhs- Aerst# tbg emoikemh
stu`gmts kly mit blvg getbgr tbg clmhulhg sdeccs ir tbg preir aium`lteim mgogsslry air l klstgrs cgvgc-
_goim`cy# tbg oiursg emstruotirs wiuc` blvg ti fg firriwg`# lm` kly mit blvg kirg tblm l oiupcg
ia wggds― tekg ti iaagr tbg prihrlkkg- –Xg agct wg oiuc` hgt lckist lmyfi`y air tbrgg wggds
Hriwtb
Ommle <52<+<52?
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Fy t m` a t <55>s# t Are ly vmemhokkumety tek em t stu`mt cumh wls
furstemh lt t slks- _# em <558# w ark`
aur occ hrups- Py wr olcc` ^rkes
Dprs# Kr Plm Omqurrs# Jlrs a Ocly
lm` Arvr Arem`s- Ps hrups omsest`
a stu`mts lm` ter alkeces# lm` wuc kt
m Are ly mehts latr t okkumety klc ar l
tek a rclx` accwsep latr l fusy wd a
lol`keos- Xetem t occ hrup tr wr pt
cuods lm` peomeos- Ftwm occ hrups tr
wr tcy omtst` vccy flcc turmlkmts# wet
orqut lm` oreodt l``` em cltr- im t _prts
@ly# tbg tuh+ia+wlr fgolkg tbg hrlm` mlcg lm`
wls t rlsm ar sr trlts lm` f`es t
mxt ly-
Ls t mukfrs hrw# tw kr occ hrups wr
l```# lm` tm lmtr tw fremhemh t mukfr
t eht- @uremh ts ylrs mw mlks wr
l``` t t kex‐H`zm# Drestu ^lrevlr lm` Lrkl- P eht occ hrup xprekmt clst
mcy l ylr lm` _LELO_ rvrt` t ets ourrmt
sex hrups- Klmwec# sk c ms olmh`
mlks- Jlrs a Ocly wls tuht t f t
arlhec lm` wls xolmh` ar gdcdts- Arvr
Arem`s kust lv rkem`` ppc a clmhulh
ty l` cat fem` wet ter soc lys# lm`
wls remvmt` ls P gtrmlcs- P ourrmt sex
hrups rtlem tw a t rehemlc ms "Kr Plm
Omqurrs lm` ^rkes Dprs%# lcmhse t
mwr ms "Lrkl# H`zm# P gtrmlcs lm`
gdcdts%-
Em t ours a tek# occ hrup olpc wls
emstetut`- itr tlm t alkecy soelc meht m
Are lys# stu`mts fhlm t kt m m a t
wd`ly krmemhs ar slremh lm` prlyr- Lt m
tek# ter`+ylr stu`mts wr rlssehm` t l
`eaarmt occ hrup- bwvr# hrup cylcty prv`
t strmh# lm` stu`mts mw `vt tkscvst m occ hrup truhut ter stu`mtsep-
ivr t olcm`lr ylr# occ hrups ht t
swols tkscvs ls l tlk em svrlc
vmts- im lm` aa# occ hrups lv rhlmez`
t lmmulc ^rlyr @ly# t a` astevlcs cl`emh
up t t Kessem Omarmo# lm` t Orestkls
srveo- Kr omsestmtcy# lo hrup cl`s t
okkumety em krmemh olpc ar m wd vry
ylr- Orltev jueos lr sterr` up# lm` t Olpc
lm` olkpus flr sehms a t wd―s tk- Uu
kehbt m` l –revgr‛ iwemh `iwm tbg lescg wetb
rglc cevg sb spclsbemh lfiut em et4 yiu kehbt m`
l –wlcc‛ lt t Okkms emvetemh yur okkmts
im l plrteouclr tbgkg4 tbg oimhrghlteim kehbt fg
tgkpirlrecy fcem`aic g` ti kldg l orgltevg piemt4
oers wet plemt` alos "lm` ler% kly cl` t
wirsbep4 hriups kly iaagr –argg buhs-‛ Xetb l ogcc
hrup# yu olm mvr f sur wlt t xpot-
Pblmd Hi` Et―s
Are`ly,
?> _LELO_ Pbg Aerst Pberty Uglrs
Lkmh t glrcestAloucty Pbg cettcg fiidcgt pri uog` air usg lt _LELO_― rst
hrl`ultem srveo‐<2t iotfr# <527‐cests t
accwemh ls emocu`` em ets aloucty –vr t clst tw
ylrs-‛
@r- _lkuc Fljjlm# bmry Klrtym Emstetut a Esclkeo
_tu`es
Vv- P Olm`lpeccl# _t- Pkls gvlmhceolc Ouro a
Em`el
@r- Pkls @lmec# Kl`rls Orestelm Occh
@r- Jlks Hlklcec# Omor`el Pcheolc _kemlry
@r- P O Hrh# _utrm Lsel Fefc Occh
@r- Dm Hmlmldlm# LOP_ Emstetut@r- Mlrm`rl Jm# Ulvltklc Occh ar Cl`rsep
Prlememh
Vv- Qeslc Klmhlcwl`e# PVLOE
@r- Fruo Meoccs# Xrc` gvlmhceolc Accwsep
Vv- gzrl _lrhumlk# gvlmhceolc Ouro a Em`el
@r- _umlm` _uketrl# Xrc` gvlmhceolc Accwsep
@r- Jm Plmmeodlc# Mlvl Jvl Lsrlk
@r- P`r Xeccelks# Em`elm gvlmhceolc Kessem
@r- Kess L- Zlolrel# _ut Em`el Fefceolc _kemlry
Ark vgrsgls:Vv- Jek Hrh# Hrlo Okkumety Ouro
@r- luc befrt# Auccr Pcheolc _kemlry
@r- Vmlc` _e`r# glstrm Flptest _kemlry
@r- bltwly _trutrs# Ocukfel Fefc Occh
@mlc` KoHlvrlm# @lm a t _oc a Xrc` Kessem#
Auccr Pcheolc _kemlry
J- iswlc` _lm`rs# Hmrlc @erotr#ivrsls
Kessemlry Accwsep
ir l kimtb# lm` lckist mifi`y air l wbicg
sgkgstgr#‛ Biuhbtim rggots- Pbg sicuteim
ti tbg twi+bgl`g` `ecgkkl wls tbg ki`uclr
systgk‐l systgk tblt wls ti fgoikg l _LELO_
`estemotevg-
Pbus# rltbgr tblm l sgkgstgr arlkgwird air
tbg lol`gkeo yglr# tbg 6+yglr KPb rlm oiursgs
oimsgoutevgcy# kimtb+fy+kimtb- Cltgr# lt
tbg hrl`ulteim ia tbg rst fltob ia stu`gmts#
Biuhbtim wiuc` fg lfcg ti rgpirt: –Xg blvg
`esoivgrg` tblt stu`gmts lpprgoeltg hevemh tbger
um`eve`g` lttgmteim ti img sufjgot lt l tekg-
Et bls# tbgy tgcc us# hrgltcy lssestg` tbgk em
lobegvemh oikpgtgmog em l hevgm sufjgot-‛ Im
tblt slkg ioolseim# Prustgg @r- Dgm Hmlmldlm
wiuc` oikkgm` Biuhbtim ls –dgy ti tbg
gaagotevg aumoteimemh ia tbes wbicg mgw oimogpt
ia ki`uclr g`uolteim em Em`el-‛
Pbes oim`gmog tblt gvgm wgcc+dmiwm tglobgrs
wiuc` bgcp iut air sbirt stemts privg` wgcc
aium`g`- _ikg wgrg lvleclfcg ti veset KF_#
sikg iaagrg` tbger sgrveogs arik Flmhlcirg-
Pbus# et wls `goe`g` ti cgt tbg stu`gmts lctgrmltg
rgse`gmog fgtwggm Obgmmle lm` Flmhlcirg- Xg
hgt lm e`gl ia tbg rlmhg lm` stlm`emh ia tbgsg
glrcy oimtrefutirs wetb tbes sklcc slkpcg:
Ltuc Lhblkdlr# l stu`gmt em tbg rst fltob‐<526
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??Hriwtb Obgmmle <52<+<52?
?6 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
@r- luc Bgefgrt# wirc`+rgmiwmg` lmtbripicihest4
@rs Qemly _lkugc lm` Obres _uh`gm# veolrs lt
_t- Jibm―s Oburob em Flmhlcirg4 l cgl`emh Em`elm
fesbip# Gzrl _lrhumlk4 @r- @imlc` KloHlvrlm#
emtgrmlteimlccy dmiwm oburob hriwtb huru4
@r- J I _lm`grs# ergotir ia IK_# _emhlpirg4
@r- Vim _e`gr# l sioelc justeog l`violtg4 lm`
arimtcemg Em`elm cgl`grs lm` tbemdgrs suob ls P
Oblm`lpeccl lm` Qesblc Klmhlcwl`e-
Pbg rst fltob gm`g` up tldemh tbg rst aiur
kimtbs em KF_# tbg mgxt tbrgg kimtbs em
GAEOIV―s "Gvlmhgceolc Agcciwsbep ia Em`el#
Oikkesseim im Vgcega% trlememh ogmtrg im
Butobems― Vil`# Flmhlcirg# tbg mgxt vg
kimtbs flod em KF_# lm` tbg clst tbrgg kimtbslt tbg _iutbgrm Lsel Fefcg Oiccghg "_LFO%#
Flmhlcirg- Latgr tbgsg mikl`eo atggm kimtbs
tbg stu`gmts‐hrltgauccy# wg prgsukg,‐rgturmg`
bikg ti oikpcgtg tbger tbgsgs- Emtgrgstemh ti
mitg es tblt tbes KPb prihrlkkg wls ti fg
rum pgrei`eolccy# wetb frglds- Biuhbtim rgolccs
tblt tbgy tbiuhbt tblt latgr tbes rst fltob# tbgy
wiuc` –`eslssgkfcg tbg solaaic`emh# sblcc wg sly#
lm` wlet air twi ir tbrgg yglrs# latgr wbeob wg
kehbt rglssgkfcg tbg prihrlkkg lhlem-‛ Pbemhs
wgrg ti turm iut `eaagrgmtcy# ls wg sblcc sgg-
–Gvgmtulccy wg bl` tbg tbemh lssgkfcg`#‛
Biuhbtim slys- –Frioburgs lm` l`vgrtesemh
wgmt iut# stltemh tblt wg wiuc` blvg oclssgs em
IK_―s Kl`rls Fefcg _gkemlry# wbgrg E wls stecc
tbg premoeplc- Xg agct bipgauc tblt wg wiuc` hgt
klyfg twgcvg stu`gmts-‛
Kirg tblm sexty stu`gmts lppceg` arik lcc ivgr
Em`el- _extggm wgrg sgcgotg`# lm` –im tbg `ly wg
fghlm‐Jumg# <526‐wg bl` twgcvg stu`gmts-‛
Biuhbtim wiuc` bukiriuscy rgagr ti tbgk ls
bes twgcvg `esoepcgs- Lkimh tbgk# img bl` fggm
l Oltbiceo pregst# lmitbgr# l oclsseolc `lmogr fy
priagsseim- Arik tbgk# img wgmt im ti fgoikg
tbg bgl` ia _LELO_― `gplrtkgmt ia kesseicihy#
lm` lmitbgr# l fesbip em tbg Cutbgrlm oburob-
Gvgm em tbes glrcegst ia fltobgs# tbgrg wls tbg
oucturlc lm` emtgrmlteimlc kex si oblrlotgresteo ia
tbg emstetuteim ti`ly‐twi wgrg Em`imgselm# img
wls Furkgsg# tbrgg wgrg arik tbg mirtbglst ia Em`el# lm` tbg rgst arik klemclm` Em`el-
Pbg stu`gmts# lcc kgm# fumdg` em wetb KF_
stu`gmts- Lhblkdlr# ls tbg imcy alkecy klm#
aium` l rgse`gmog mglrfy- Pwi ti l riik# tbg
rgklememh gcgvgm iooupeg` tbg hrium` iir ia
tbg stu`gmt `irketiry- Pbgy usg` img oclssriik
em tbg l`kemestrltevg fuec`emh- –Mit imcy `e`
wg tglob tbg stu`gmts em tblt img oclssriik#‛
Biuhbtim rgolccs# –wg lcsi bl` tbg cefrlry
tbgrg‐l twi+`iir lckerlb # l stggc oupfilr`#
wbeob bgc` lfiut <7> fiids# _LELO_― rst
cefrlry-‛ Pblt oupfilr` es stecc em tbg Cefrlry
ti`ly- _ikgtbemh cedg tbg Esrlgcetgs lm` tbg
pecclr ia ociu` em tbg wec`grmgs s# wbgmgvgr tbg
stu`gmts kivg` arik Obgmmle ti Flmhlcirg
ir flod lhlem# tbg cefrlry kivg` wetb tbgk-
Lhblkdlr rgolccs tblt tbg –cefrlry‛ mgltcy ttg`
emti tbg flod ia lm Lkflssl`ir olr# lm` tblt
wbgm bg bl` tbg rgspimsefecety ia tbes –cefrlr y#‛
img ia bes tlsds wls ti klmulccy oiumt lcc tbg
fiids gvgry mehbt- Cltgr cefrlrelms sbiuc` fg
hrltgauc tblt tbes `e` mit fgoikg l plrt ia tbger
jif `gsorepteim,
L prloteog `estemotevg ti _LELO_ sggks ti
blvg sprumh arik tbg mgogssety ia tbgsg te kgs-
Are`lys# lt KF_# wgrg l `ly ia alstemh- Em
oikpgmslteim# Olric Biuhbtim bet upim tbg
e`gl ia l Are`ly oikkumety `emmgr# aicciwg`
fy hlkgs- Pbes tiid pclog lt tbg Biuhbtim
rgse`gmog im tbg Huruduc olkpus- Imog l
kimtb# Ltuc Lhblkdlr―s weag# _uklm# wiuc` l``
sikg Klrltbe lviurs‐ purlm pice lm` dbggr ‐ti
Olric―s gocgoteo kgmu tblt emocu`g` areg` sb lm`
Obemgsg areg` reog-
Pbg Biuhbtims oimtemug` tbg Are`ly mehbt
trl`eteim lt tbger bikg# wbeob hrgw ls tbg
emstetuteim hrgw- Et fgolkg tbg feh sioelc gvgmt
ia tbg wggd- –Xg emvetg` gvgryimg oimmgotg`
wetb tbg emstetuteim#‛ Olric slys- –Mimg ia
us bl` tgcgveseim em tbisg `lys- Klmy ia
iur stu`gmts bl` mgvgr wltobg` img# lm`
si tbgy wgrg hrglt lt kldemh up tbger iwm
gmtgrtlemkgmt- Xg bl` lcc dem`s ia beclreius aum#
gvgrytbemh arik oblrl`gs ti sdets ti kekeodemh
pgipcg air tbg itbgrs ti hugss wbi-‛ Pbg
mukfgr ia stu`gmts oimtemug` ti hr iw lm`
wbgm tbgy kivg` ti tbg Ditblmur olkpus# tbg
trl`eteim oimtemug` gvgm tbiuhb Olric―s detobgm
oiuc` mi cimhgr klmlhg tbg jif- Ls sbg slys#
–Xbgm tbg mukfgr hit plst airty# E bl` rglobg`
ky ceket-‛ Pbg tlsd tbgm plssg` im ti tbg
Oikkims-
_gvgrlc sehmeolmt gvgmts blppgmg` em tbisg
rst twi yglrs# <526+<52?- Pi fghem wetb# tbg
Flod riw "CtiV%: Keoblgc Obimhcue# Ob ^b ^rldlsb# Vljl Kiblm`lss# _umtisb Kltbgw# Clc Dbwlcelm# MD^ Mltblmegc# Dgzblsgtui Pgrbujl "Zlfu%
Arimt riw "CtiV%: _lkugc _e jlflt# Ltuc Lhblkdlr# Hrlblk Biuhbtim# "rgsiurog pgrsim%# Ekmlmudcu Cimhdukgr# Qeotir G Q Gbrblr`t# "lfsgmt: Milb Frehbt%
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?7Hriwtb Obgmmle <52<+<52?
?0 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
Lmmykus_lkuc _e jlflt
fgcimhs ti tbg rst
flto a stu`mts- b
sm`s es kkres
ark Em`msel:
–Et es emtrstemh t
rkkfr tlt t
mlk _LELO_ e` mt
yt xest wm E jem`
t KP prhrlk- P ^rspotus <526+<520
sle tlt t KP em Kessecheolc _tu`es wls
rhlmez` fy t Lssoeltem ar gvlmhceolc
Pcheolc g uoltem em Em`el "LgPgE%-
Xm E wmt t Ockf# _re Clmdl ar ky veslrmwlc# l Orestelm cl`r lsd` k t mlk
a ky tcheolc soc em Kl`rls- Lcc E ouc`
sw ek wls t prspotus-
–bw es et tlt lm KP prhrlkk es clumo`
fy lm emstetutem wetut l oclr e mtety9‛
qustem`-
@uremh t som` skstr em <526# @r-
Hrllk buhtm sle w m`` t mlk
t emstetutem w wr stu`mts a- _k a
ky arem`s kl` suhhstems-
gvmtulccy# @r- buhtm emark` us tlt
t mlk a ur soc wls t _ut Lsel
Emstetut a L`vlmo` Orestelm _tu`es
"_LELO_%- L mw cttrl` wls premt`-
Em t fhemmemh et sum`` strlmh t k- Et
wls lm umusulc mlk- Mvrtcss E wls hcl`
tblt mlccy tbg emstetuteim wbgrg E wls pursuemh
ky stu`es l` lm e mtety,‛
e`gl ia iaagremh tbg KPb pgrei`eolccy kgt wetb
rgsestlmog- Obrestelm cgl`grs em Em`el# fitb Em`elm
lm` gxpltreltg kesseimlregs# urhg` tblt tbgy
mit `esoimtemug- Uegc`emh ti tbgsg vieogs# tbg
oikkettgg `goe`g` ti oimtemug# gvgm tbiuhb
oimtemuemh kglmt m`emh l pclog em wbeob ti `i
si- Bgrg# tbg oimsgmsus wls tblt tblt pclog wls
mit Obgmmle# fut Flmhlcirg‐tbg oiicgr ocekltg
wls tbg ocemobgr-
Xetb tbg prihrlkkg kivemh lwly ti Flmhlcirg#
tbg Biuhbtims wim`grg` ea tbg tekg bl` oikg
air tbgk ti tgrkemltg tbger wird wetb KF_ lm`
rgturm bikg ti Mgw Zglclm`- Pbger kesseim
lhgmoy# IK_# aium` wblt Biuhbtim olccs l
–`evemgcy emsperg` lctgrmltevg-‛ Pbgy iaagrg`tblt tbg Biuhbtims oiuc` hi wetb tbg KPb
kesseicihy prihrlkkg ti Flmhlcirg# lm` kldg et
tbger kesseim lssehmkgmt-
Kglmwbecg# tbg prihrlkkg out ets ukfeceolc
oir` wetb LGPGE- Arlmdcy# LGPGE bl` fggm
rltbgr cudgwlrk ti tbg KPb prihrlkkg# lm`
Biuhbtim slw tblt tbgy –wiuc`m―t hgt vgry alr
um`gr tbger ukfrgccl-‛ Bg friuhbt up tbg klttgr#
suhhgstemh tblt LGPGE rgcglsg tbg prijgot ti
–kldg ets iwm wly-‛ Pbgy lhrgg`-
Im tbg bggcs ia tbes sbeat# tbgrg wls l mgg` ti
m` tbg prijgot l mlkg- @rs Hrlblk Biuhbtim#
Dgm Hmlmldlm# lm` Jibm Pblmmeodlc‐tbg imgs
wbi `rivg tbg gmtgrpresg‐sgt tbger kem`s ti tbg
tlsd- Lm ifveius glrcy suhhgsteim wls –hrl`ultg
sobiic ia tbgicihy-‛ Pbes fet tbg `ust fgolusg#
em Em`el# l sobiic es lssioeltg` wetb preklry lm`
sgoim`lry g`uolteim rltbgr tblm lmytbemh behbgr-
Pbes oiuc` olusg oimauseim ls ti tbg cgvgc lm`
purpisg ia tbger prijgot- Biuhbtim rgolccg`
tbgrg wls lm Em`elm Emstetutg ia L`vlmog`
_tu`egs em _bekcl# em Mirtb Em`el- Bes ipteim cly
em tblt `ergoteim- Bg lcsi wlmtg` –_iutb Lsel‛ ti
lppglr em tbg mlkg- –E wls lmxeius tblt wblt wg
`i wiuc` gkfrlog tbg wbicg hgi+piceteolc lrgl
ia _iutb Lsel# wbeob wiuc` emocu`g ^ldestlm#
Flmhcl`gsb# Mgplc lm` _re Clmdl-‛ Lm` si#
tbgy iltg` tbg mlkg –_iutb Lsel Emstetutg ia
L`vlmog` _tu`egs-‛ Lt tbes# sikgimg rlesg`
l qugsteim: –Xblt lfiut olccemh et l ObrestelmEmstetutg9‛
–Mi# mi#‛ olkg tbg pritgst- –Cgt―s dggp l ciw
pricg-‛
–Xblt―s tbg prifcgk9‛ itbgrs oiumtgrg`- –Pbg
Fu``bests blvg lm emstetutg- Pbgrg es l Bem`u
Wmevgrsety em Qlrlmlse# lm` l Kuscek Wmevgrsety
em Lcehlrb- Xby olm―t wg blvg l Obrestelm
emstetutg9‛
–_i wg mlccy `goe`g`#‛ Biuhbtim slys# –tblt wg
wiuc` blvg tbg oiurlhg ti l`` Obrestelm-‛ Em l
oimtgxt em wbeob Obrestelms lrg l sklcc kemirety#
lm` lrg sikgtekgs pgrogevg` ls l tbrglt# et wls l
resd ti tldg- Xetb tbes `goeseim# tbg –_iutb Lsel
Emstetutg ia L`vlmog` Obrestelm _tu`egs‛ wls
lpprivg` ls tbg iaoelc mlkg ia tbg emstetuteim
air tbg prihrlkkg ia KPb em Kesseicihy
Hmlmldlm# wbi fgolkg img ia tbg tbrgg
aium`emh filr` kgkfgrs# rst piemtg` iut tbg
rgsuctlmt lorimyk- –Xgcc# em tblt olsg# et slys
_LELO_‐sehb+lxg-‛
Lm` si# tbg Emstetutg oimtemugs ti fg dmiwm ls
_LELO_- –Pbgrg lrg sikg pgipcg em Em`el wbi
oiuc` mit tgcc yiu tbg kglmemh ia tbg lorimyk#‛
Biuhbtim l`kets# –fut _LELO_ bls fgoikg# E
tbemd# l frlm` mlkg-‛
Pbgm# im 6?r` Kly# <52?# _LELO_ lhrgg` ti
sggd loorg`etlteim air tbg KPb em Kesseicihy
prihrlkkg arik tbg Lsel Pbgiciheolc
Lssioelteim "LPL%- Biuhbtim wls lppiemtg`premoeplc- Lm`# rgklrdlfcy# tbg kemutgs rgvglc
tbger `goeseim ti `rlw up ^b@ hue`gcemgs‐gvgm
em tbgsg glrcy `lys- Pbg loorg`etlteim olkg
wetbem tbg yglr# gvgm ls tbg sgoim` fltob ia
stu`gmts wls l`kettg`-
_LELO_ miw bl` lm e`gmtety lm` l mlkg-
Biwgvgr# wetb ets stu`gmts‐lm` ets cefrlry,‐
kivemh fgtwggm Obgmmle lm` Flmhlcirg cedg l
ociod―s pgm`ucuk# et bl` ygt ti m` l bikg-
Biuhbtim alkecy prlygr olr`
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glrcy ylrs em Drlklmhlcl
3 3 3
Pbg <527 fltob
@r- _umlm` _uketrl tglobemh
3 3
3
333
_LELO_― rst iaoelc bikg+<52? 3 3 3
333
Glrcy oirrgspim`gmog ti Ltuc Lhblkdlr
7/23/2019 SAIACS, The First Thirty Years
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7/23/2019 SAIACS, The First Thirty Years
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_tu`gmts lm` Pgj luc iutse`g tbg remoeplc―s hlrlhg iaog em
Dirlklmhlcl 3 3 3
_tu`gmts iutse`g _LELO_― biusg em Dirlklmhlcl 3 3 3
Aerst hrl`ulteim ogrgkimy‐Iotifgr <527
333
Dlre Cimhoblr lm` Ekmlmudcu 3 3 3
D usbe Biuhbtim wls stlm`emh fy bgr altbgr wetb tbger `lobsbum`# Plbe- L stu`gmt olkg fy#
lm` plusg` ti l`kerg tbg `ih- –Qgry swggt `ih#‛ bg sle`- Lm` tbgm l``g`# pgrblps just ti
tglsg# –Lm` tlsty-‛ @r- Hrlblk Biuhbtim gxpclemg` ti tbg fgwec`grg` obec` tblt em sikg
plrts ia tbg oiumtr y `ih kglt wls mit umoikkim- Ia oiursg# tbg herc peodg` up bgr pgt lm` g` tbg
sogmg- Air l wbecg tbgrglatgr# wbgmgvgr sbg wlmtg` ti veset bgr altbgr―s iaog# sbg wiuc` rst gmquerg
ea –tblt klm‛ wls lmywbgrg em tbg veoemety,
Pbes kgctemh pit ia ou cturgs tblt wls _LELO_― trl`gklrd
oimtemug` ls argsb fltobgs wgrg l`kettg`- Kglmwbecg# em cltg
<52?# tbg emstetuteim rgcioltg` arik Obgmmle ti lm upoikemh
sufurf im tbg siutb se`g ia Flmhlcirg# olccg` Dirlklmhlcl-
Em tbg blca+`gol`g aicciwemh tbes sehmeolmt kivg# _LELO_
ipgrltg` iut ia sex biusgs# lcc em ocisg prixekety- Img biusg
bl` l detobgm lm` `ememh splog# lmitbgr bl` tbg oclssriik#
lm` gvgmtulccy# lmitbgr# tbg cefrlry- Ls air tbg hlrlhgs‐ia
wbeob tbgrg wgrg twi‐img wls air tbg premoeplc lm` img wls air bes sgorgtlry- Pbg looiumtlmt bl` bes iaog em tbg
detobgm# semog et wls tbg imcy pclog oimvgmegmt gmiuhb air bes
cg`hgrs,
Em <520# tbg rst oclss ia stu`gmts oikpcgtg` tbger oiurs gs-
Air prloteolc oimvgmegmog# tbger hrl`ulteim wls `gclyg`
tecc tbg aicciwemh yglr# lm` kgrhg` wetb tbg hrl`ulteim ia
tbg sgoim` fltob- Im <2 tb Iotifgr# <527# _LELO_ bgc`
ets rst gvgr hrl`ulteim ogrgkimy- Ia tbg tgm hrl`ultgs#
memg rgogevg` tbg –Klstgr ia Pbgicihy‛ `ghr gg# lm` img# l
–Klstgr ia Obres telm _tu`egs-‛ Aevg ia tbgsg wgrg lwlr`g` em
lfsgmtel-
Gvgm ea tbg gvgmt wls bgc` em l firriwg` vgmug‐tbg plresb blcc ia Flmhlcirg―s _t- Klrd―s
Oltbg`rlc‐lm` tbg mukfgr ia hrl`ultgs im tbg hrium` wls mi kirg tblm vg# tbg qulcety tblt
klrds tbg emstetuteim ti`ly wls wgcc lpplrgmt im tblt rst hrl`ulteim- Pbg hugst ia bimiur wls
mi cgss tblm tbg premoeplc ia Kl`rls Obrestelm Oiccghg# @r- Ketbrl H Luhustemg- Bg rium`g` iaa
bes l``rgss wetb lm gkpblses im bipg: –Pbg Obrestelm kemestry es img ia bipg lm` iptekesk lm`
tbg kemestgr kust mgvgr cgt tbg sgg` ia bipg lm` tbg bemt ia l auturg tbrust fg cist em tbg clygrs ia
VesdDrlklmhlcl <52?+<528
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0?Vesd Dirlklmhlcl<52?+<528 06 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
P Hremh ix "gx`- 6<:62+?6%
ia t klmy vrsls l`jumot aloucty
tlt lv aletauccy plrtmr` wet
_LELO_ vr t ylrs# t trpy
surcy hs t @r- @etr Dkkcr-
Fhemmemh em <525# ls ok vry
ylr "fut m% t tlo Mw Pstlkmt
lm` brkmuteos- Pes emoe`mt hs
flod t t Drlklmhlcl lys:
Dkkcr l` stly` fem` ark
lttm`emh ouro tes plrteouclr _um`ly
krmemh- b l` wlmt` t tld t
feoyoc t t fldry lm` fuy sk
lts ar t stu`mts- Xm lrrev` flod lt t us# wls
puttemh t feoyoc lwly wm l ow wlm`r` emt t armt ylr`lm` fhlm t mjy Olrc buhtm―s pclmts-
Dkkcr tre` t s t ow flod ut m t t rl`- bwvr#
t ow l` mcy just fhum ets frldalst# lm` wls umlppy lt femh
`esturf`- Cwremh ets l`# et olrh` lt Dkkcr wet ft rms
fclzemh- Dkkcr just lfut klmlh` t turm se`wlys far t
ow oluht ek wet ets rms lm` trw ek up emt t ler# clm`emh
ek emt l wlcc- b suaar` fruess lm` l wum`- bwvr# em
rtrspot# dmws tlt ea l` mt l` t prsmo a kem` t
turm# t lklh wuc` lv fm kuo kr sreus-
@uremh tes tek# m a t yumh stu`mts settemh em ouro sms`
sktemh wls wrmh lm` act t urhmoy t rturm t t us
ekkg`eltgcy- Bg lm` l aregm` lrrevg` em tekg ti m` Dgkkcgr em tbes
setultem lm` ht cp-
X mvr aum` ut wlt lppm` t t lts ark t fldry-
^rlps t ow mjy` tk ls wcc,
" c ti r %: @r- Jibm Pblmmeodlc# @r- _umlm`
_uketrl# @r- Dgm Hmlmldlm# Kr- L J Lmlm`lm#
@r- Hrlblk Biuhbtim
3 3 3
oukfgrsikg lm` oimausemh rglcety-‛ Lm` tbgm
bg l``g`# –Bipg kglms l mukfgr ia tbemhs#
lm` img ia tbgsg es tbg lfecety ti wlet- Et emocu`gs
airtetu`g lm` gm`urlmog fgyim` tbg kgrgcy
rlteimlc-‛
Et lppglrs tblt bes kgsslhg wls ls wgcc+tldgm
fy tbg Emstetutg ls fy tbg hrl`ultemh stu`gmts‐
em`gg`# –bipg lm` iptekesk‛ wgrg tbg stlpcg
ia _LELO_ em tbgsg Dirlklmhlcl yglrs- Ls air
–airtetu`g‛‐sbggr oiurlhg‐tbgy oiuc` mit
blvg kivg` ti tbg prgsgmt Ditblmur olkpus
wetbiut et-
Im 67tb Iotifgr# <527# _LELO_ wls rghestgrg`
em Flmhlcirg ls l rgceheius lm` g`uolteimlc trust-
Cidgm`rl Vli# clwygr lm` pufceo oblrtgrg`
looiumtlmt# bgcpg` tbg tbrgg _LELO_ trustggs
tbriuhb tbg kucte+clygrg` priogss- Xbgm tbgy
lsdg` bek ti `rlw up l `ioukgmt air tbg
rghestrlteim# Vli sle`# –Dgm Hmlmldlm# yiu
fg tbg oblerklm- Jibm Pblmmeodlc# yiu fg
trglsurgr- Fritbgr Biuhbtim wecc fg wblt wg olcc
tbg klmlhemh trustgg-‛ Pbgsg tbrgg wgrg –tbg
P PlkecelmOwfy–b cds kr ced l owfy tlm
l kessemlry#‛ Lmetl Lmtmy sle` t
rsca- _ wls slt` lorss t
tlfc ark r prspotev kpcyr#
@r- Hrllk buhm- br lumt slt fy
r se`# emtm`emh t cp r meo ht
t jf- P –owfy‛ em jlms fhlm
t lsd qustems# lm` t emxpremo`
yumh cl`y aum` rsca rplt`cy
omassemh ehmrlmo- P cpauc lumt
plss` r sk queod l`veo em Plkec#
–Pcc ek yu lr l queod clrmr lm`
tlt yu wecc clrm m t jf-‛ buhtm
turmg` bes lttgmteim ti tbg lumt- Em ugmt
Plkec‐lm` wet l vry str leht alo‐
suhhst` tlt t meo f lccw` t
lmswr ar rsca- P kflrrlsskmt
a t umartumlt lumt olm mcy f
eklhem`- bw wls s t lv dmwm
tlt tes wet klm l` spmt t fttr
plrt a t clst oupc a `ol`s em
Ommle,
Kr- Pgj luc jiemg` _LELO_ ls mlmog iaogr im 8 tb Kly# <528
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07Vesd Dirlklmhlcl<52?+<528 00 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
Jm _ttt lm` _LELO_
Lt _LELO_― emoptem# t clt
Vvrm` @r- Jm _ttt# m a t
arkst veos a vlmhceolcesk
em t clst um`r` ylrs# wrt tes
okkm`ltem:
–E lv cmh c` t omveotem#
frm a fsrvltem em klmy plrts a
t wrc`# tlt t ouro em vry
oiumtry es l rggoteim ia tbg tbgiciheolc
emstetutems wr ets cl`rs lrtrlem`- im a t kst strltheo
`vcpkmts a t clst qulrtr a
t twmtet omtury es t hrwt a
vlmhceolc Tpst[hrl`ult tcheolc
`uoltem- E lk trar xtrkcy
tlmdauc ar t _ut Lsel Emstetut a
L`vlmo` Orestelm _tu`es# lm` ar ets
pursuet ia gxogccgmog em tbg tbrgg gc`s
a fefceolc tchy# ouctur+smsetev
kessem lm` prsmlc h`cemss-‛
_ttt cltr veset` _LELO_ lt ets prsmt
olkpus em <550-
@r- Hrlblk Biuhbtim wetb
tbg cltg Vgv- @r- Jibm _titt lm`
@r- Migc Jlsim
3 3 3
ousti`elms ia tbg `rglk- Et wiuc` fg up ti us#‛
Biuhbtim rgkgkfgrs# –ti kldg et oikg trug-‛
Kglmwbecg# tbg prihrlkkg wls wgcc um`gr wly#
stecc iaagremh tbg KPb# usemh lm gaagotevg kex ia
Em`elm lm` airgehm aloucty- Pbg Biuhbtims wgrg
tbg imcy rgse gmts lm` tbg imcy aucc+tekg gkpciyggs-
Pbg sglrob fghlm air lm looiumtlmt# l sgorgtlry#
lm` lcc klmmgr ia stlaa emocu`emh sikgimg ti ciid
latgr tbg fiids‐sikgimg air tbg `iufcg+`iirg`#
tbrgg+sbgcvg`# <7>+vicukg cefrlry- Fgyim` tbgsg
ekkg`eltg mgg`s# tbgy lcsi mgg`g` clm` im wbeob
ti fuec tbgksgcvgs l olkpus-
Ls et blppgmg`# Biuhbtim wls em l premtgr―s
sbip ir`gremh kltgrelcs air _LELO_ wbgm tbg
wiklm em oblrhg lsdg` bek ea bg wls ciidemh
air l mlmog pgrsim- Pldgm lflod# bg lmswgrg`#
–Ugs# E lk-‛ _bg sle` sbg dmgw l ogrtlem Pgj ^luc-
Biuhbtim lsdg` ea bg wls l Dlmml`ehl- Pbes
wiuc` fg l fimus# semog hivgrmkgmt `ioukgmts
wiuc` oikg em Dlmml`l# tbg stltg clmhulhg# lm`
_LELO_ mgg`g` sikgimg wbi oiuc` rgl`# wretg#
lm` oikkumeoltg em tblt clmhulhg- Et turmg`
iut tblt Pgj wls l mltevg ia tbg stltg- Bg wls em
trlmseteim lt tbg tekg# lm` Biuhbtim –hrlffg`
bek-‛ –E aium` et ekkgmsgcy prive`gmtelc#‛
Biuhbtim rgkgkfgrs# –tblt wbecg wg wgrg
sglrobemh air clm` wg bl` sikgfi`y wetb us
wbi spidg tbg ciolc clmhulhg-‛
Xbgm lsdg` lfiut kgkiregs ia tbes jif# wbeob
bg stlrtg` em <528# Pgj slys# –E bl` l oikkgroelc
jif em looiumtemh# fut ky olcc wls ti kemestry-‛
Xbgm bg cglrmg` tblt _LELO_ mgg`g` l klm
wetb bes g`uolteim lm` clmhulhg sdeccs# et agct
rehbt- –Et―s biw Hi` pclms#‛ es tbg wly bg
`gsorefgs et-
Pbg sgorgtlry―s piseteim wls ccg` fy yiumh
Lmetl Lmtbimy- L Oltbiceo# sbg olkg ciidemh
air l jif# lrkg` wetb l FL lm` sikg sgorgtlrelc
trlememh- Gxpgotg`cy# tbgrg wls sikg rgsestlmog
C Jibmsim Jlhlmml`blk fghlm fy typemh stu`gmts
lssehmkgmts lm` tbgsgs
Lmetl "Lmtbimy% Jusel wetb bgr alkecy vesetemh bgr airkgr fiss
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08Vesd Dirlklmhlcl<52?+<528 01 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
@r- L J Lmlm`lm okpct` es KP em
Kessechy wec erotemh Dlrmltldl―s pceo
aro- Ls kv` m up t c lw marokmt
rlmds# bg oimtemug` bes lacelteim wetb# lm`
supprt a# _LELO_- @uremh ts trlmsetems#
pcly` l kljr rc em lt clst m pes` a t
_LELO_ stry-
Ls Lmlm`lm wls lwlr ` prktems# lt m
stlh wls Emspotr+Hmrlc a ceo em
t Qeheclmo Occ# dmwm ls t Cdlyudtl#
weo wls lm lmte+orruptem umet- _LELO_
tic` bek tblt lm iaoelc arik tbg rgvgmteim ia
Wmlutbirezg` Oimstruoteim Wmet bl` vesetg` tbg
fuec`emh set lsdemh qustems‐w wm` t
prprty# wr wr t oukmts# w l`
kl` t lpprvlcs# w l` sehm` aa- b
rum`` et aa wet l –Uu ok lm` s k m
Km`ly krmemh lm` fremh lcc yur oukmts-‛
Pes wls lek` lt t set suprvesr P r
Orestlmlm`lm-
Orestlmlm`lm rprt` t emoe`mt t Pj luc#
tbg _LELO_ mlmog iaogr# lm` ti @r- Hrlblk
buhtm# lm` tm t tre wmt t Lmlm`lm
wet t stry- P es hrlt or`et# Lmlm`lm
cd` buhtm reht em t y lm` lsd`#
–Hrllk# lr lcc ur oukmts em r`r9‛
–Us# ty lr-‛
b tm lsd` Pj lm` Orestlmlm`lm t ok
lhlem m Km`ly krmemh m rut t t
qugsteim+lsdemh iaoelc# wbeob tbg twi ucy e`
m t lppemt` ly- Lmlm`lm smt lcmh wet
tk m a es stlaa-
Xbgm tbgy hit ti tbg iaog ia tbg iaoelc# bg
frusqucy lsd` t s lcc t oukmts- b
systklteolccy aum` aluct wet lo peo a
plpr- Aemlccy# cdemh up# mteo` t ter`
prsm em t rk# w l` fm stlm`emh vry
quetcy- b lsd`# –X lr yu9 Lr yu t
premoeplc9‛
–―M# E lk mt t premoeplc#‛ t Qeheclmo klm
rgpceg`- –E―k arik Lmlm`lm―s iaog-‛
Lt tlt pemt t pr klm rlcez` tlt l`
ok plpr+tem ocs t alccemh emt t lm`s a
t Lmte+Orruptem occ-
Pj cltr tc` buhtm# –@otr# et wls ls
tuh wls lvemh l lrt lttlod- b wmt
okpctcy wet- b ouc`m―t temd a wlt t
sly- Et sk` ced l wc kemut far
rlo` vr lm` rlmh es fcc- bes pm olk
em# lm` sle`# ‒Fremh sk tl lm` ltlfcs ar
ts hmtckm-―‛
Xet tlt# _LELO_ mvr slw t klm lhlem-
P fm`s a kutulc supprt omtemu` lorss
t ylrs- Lmlm`lm wls lppemt` t t
_LELO_ Prust lm` cltr folk t @erotr
Hmrlc a ceo ar t stlt a Dlrmltldl-
Cltr# wls cot` Olerprsm a t
_LELO_ Prust- Lmlm`lm rhuclrcy lm` aaotevcy
umte` klmy l furluorlteo dmt ar _LELO_#
lm` wlr`` aa klmy lm ecchlc lttkpt t hlem
ark t mw emstetut―s vcpkmt-
Lmlm`lm―s quegt `gkglmiur wgcc olkiulhgs
es psetem- imo# wm wls emtr`uo` t
lm vrsls vesetr t _LELO_# t ve setr lsd`
t usulc qustem: –Xlt yu `9‛
–E―k l piceog iaogr#‛ bg rgpceg` wetb bes
oustklry k`sty-
–L- bw klmy pceo lr yu rspmsefc ar9‛
t vesetr omtemu`# quet umprplr` ar t
lmswr-
–Bk…lfiut airty+vg tbiuslm`# E―` sly-‛
iur wm Lmml "blzlr%‐L J Lmlm`lm
01 _LELO_ Pbg Aerst Pberty Uglrs
arik stu`gmts wbi aium` et blr` ti um`grstlm`
wby tbg jif kust fg hevgm ti l Oltbiceo rltbgr
tblm ti sikgimg ia tbger iwm strepg em klttgrs
ia aletb- Ls et turmg` iut# Lmetl stlyg` im air
gcgvgm cimh yglrs# tecc sbg klrreg` lm` kivg` im
ti tbg Mgtbgrclm`s- _bg tbrevg` priagsseimlccy#
lm` fgolkg l fgcegvemh Obrestelm- Gvgmtulccy#
wbgm _LELO_ kivg` ti tbg prgsgmt olkpus#
bgrs wls tbg rst klrrelhg ti fg sicgkmezg`
em tbg mgwcy oimstruotg` Oblpgc ia tbg
Vgsurrgoteim- Olric Biuhbtim gvgm fldg` tbg
tbrgg+tegrg` wg``emh oldg-
Img kirg l``eteim lt tbes tekg wls Jibmsim
Jlhlmml`blk- Et lppglrs t blt rehbt arik
tbgsg glrcy `lys# _LELO_ emsestg` tblt stu`gmtlssehmkgmts fg sufkettg` typgwrettgm- Jibmsim
wls tbg g`hcemh oiccg hg―s typest‐bg typg`
up lcc klmusorept lssehmkgmts ia tbg izgm
ir si stu`gmts# `ly latgr `ly lm` ki`ucg latgr
ki`ucg, Et wls l –vgry tergsikg tlsd#‛ bg
oimagssgs- _tecc# bg wiuc` kldg oirrgoteims ti
tbg hrlkklr ls bg tbiuhbt mgogsslry- Xir`
cekets ti gsslys olkg ti fg emstetutg` lt tbes
tekg# pgrblps iut ia oimse`grlteim air tbg
umairtumltg typest-
Lt tbes tekg# l ogrtlem L J Lmlm`lm lppceg`
air l`kesseim ti tbg KPb prihrlkkg- Bg
emtri`uog` beksgca ls l piceogklm- Biuhbtim
qugsteimg` tbg quegt wiuc`+fg stu`gmt im
wbgtbgr ir mit bg oiuc` oiir`emltg bes wirdemh
biurs wetb lol`gkeos-
–E olm i tblt#‛ olkg Lmlm`lm―s olck rgpcy-
_i tbg lppceolteim priogss oikkgmog`- Lmetl
wls wirdemh wetb Lmlm`lm ti oikpcgtg tbg
plpgr wird# wbgm su``gmcy sbg soiipg` up tbg
`ioukgmts lm` furst emti Biuhbtim―s iaog-
–Ciid,‛ sbg gxoclekg`- –Bg―s mit just l
piceogklm# bg―s tbg @gputy Emspgotir Hgmgrlc ia
^iceog air tbg stltg ia Dlrmltldl,‛
Ea Lmetl oiuc` blvg ciidg` emti tbg auturg# sbg
wiuc` blvg fggm gvgm kirg lklzg`- Lmlm`lm
wiuc` img `ly fgoikg tbg Oblerpgrsim ia tbg
_LELO_ Prust-
Kglmwbecg# arik bes hlrlhg+iaog# Biuhbtimmit imcy dgpt tbg g`hcemh _LELO_ aumoteimemh#
fut oim`uotg` lm emtgmsevg sglrob ia Flmhlcirg
pripgrty air slcg- Pbgy mgg`g` clm`# lm` tbgy
mgg`g` et miw# tbiuhb tbgy bl` mit gvgm img
rupgg wetb wbeob ti
fuy et sbiuc` tbg clm`
sbiw up- Biw `e` tbg
kimgy blppgm9
Em <527# l aregm` lm`
airkgr IK_ oiccglhug#
Oblrceg _peogr# olkg ti
Em`el air l veset- _peogr
wls tbgm tbg obega
gxgoutevg iaogr ia Ivgrsgls Oiumoec# lm IK_
lrk tblt spgoelcezgs em prikitemh lm` le`emh
tbgiciheolc g`uolteim em tbg kljirety wirc`- Bg
olkg looikplmeg` fy sgvgrlc pgipcg emtgrgstg`
em tbg slkg tbemh- Pbg hriup turmg` up em
Dirlklmhlcl# aucc# ia oiursg# ia qugsteims‐fut
lcsi lsdemh# –Biw olm wg bgcp yiu9‛
Biuhbtim tiid _peogr lm` bes aregm`s iut ti tbg
pripgrty tbgy bipg` ti puroblsg- Et wls aiur+
lm`+l+blca lorgs setultg` im tbg mirtb se`g ia
Flmhlcirg- Pbgrg wls lm l`jlogmt cit ia img+
lm`+tbrgg+qulrtgr lorgs wbeob tbgy wlmtg` ls
wgcc# ea et sbiuc` fgoikg lvleclfcg-
Img ia tbisg em tbg hriup wls tbg Lkgreolm
Vimmeg ^lrdgr- Bg bl` oikg ti Em`el# wbecg
hregvemh ivgr tbg rgogmt pclmg+orlsb `gltb ia
bes altbgr- Latgr lsdemh tbg `rglkgrs gm`cgss
qugsteims lfiut tbg purpisg ia tbg Emstetutg# bg
`goe`g` tbes wiuc` fg l ttemh kgkirelc air bes
altbgr# Ocy`g ^lrdgr- Pbger emtgrgst rgsuctg` em l
vgry sehmeolmt heat‐gmiuhb ti fuy clm`# ply
tlx# lm` fuec` tbg l`kemestrlteim fuec`emh tblt
miw lmobirs tbg sprgl`emh olkpus-
Xegmreob _oblafruod ia Becag aór Fr ó`gr#
Hgrklmy# sgmt l heat `gsehmltg` air tbg
ipgrlteimlc fu`hgt- @uremh tbg glrcy stlhgs ia
oimstruoteim# Fruog _ketb# l Mgw Zglclm`gr#
vesetg` wbecg em Em`el im fusemgss- Bg wls
laceltg` wetb tbg Olcgf Prust# wbeob kljirg`
em Dewe oblretegs# lm` kl`g l sehmeolmt
oimtrefuteim ti tbg _LELO_ `rglk-
Pbgm# tbgrg wls tbg Lustrlcelm Viff Dgrr#
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05Vesd Dirlklmhlcl<52?+<528 02 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
lmitbgr aregm` ia _peogr- Latgr fgemh bistg` fy
tbg Biuhbtims# bg sle` bg wiuc` cedg ti cglvg
l cettcg heat- Pbes turmg` iut ti fg lmytbemh fut
–cettcg‛‐lm` kirg olkg cltgr-
Pbg mlkgs ia tbgsg lm` lcc itbgr `imirs lppglr
mgetbgr ivgr tbg gmtrlmogs mir im tbg `g`eolteim
pclqugs im tbg fuec`emhs tbgy bgcpg` grgot- Pbg
fuec`emhs lrg `g`eoltg`# ls tbg pclqug ia tbg
Emstetutg Fuec`emh rgl`s# ti –tbg hciry ia Hi`‛
rltbgr tblm ti buklm hciry‐l piceoy aicciwg`
arik tbg fghemmemh- Pi gkpblsezg tbes piceoy#
Biuhbtim wlrmg` tblt –ea yiu gvgr put up l
stltug ia kg wetb ky blm` em tbg ler‛‐bg bl`
sggm pcgmty ia tbisg‐–E―cc oikg flod em tbg
`lrd lm` rgkivg et-‛ Fut# wg lrg hgttemh lbgl`
ia tbg stiry- Cgt us rgturm ti tbg clm` ls et wls
wbgm _LELO_ rst sgt gygs im et-
Et wls flrg# `ry clm`- Pbertggm decikgtrgs
iut im tbg g`hgs ia Flmhlcirg# et cly lkimh
alrks- Orips hrgw em gvgry `ergoteim# wetb mi
biusgs em vegw- Fgyim` tbg gc`s wls l remh ia
sklcc vecclhgs# tbg ocisgst fgemh Ditblmur- Et
wls sikgtbemh ia l kystgry ti kist ia tbisg
wltobemh tbgsg `gvgcipkgmts tblt _LELO_
sbiuc` emvgst em tbes pripgrty iut em tbg flod
ia fgyim`- Biwgvgr# tbgrg wls kgtbi` e m tbg
lpplrgmt kl`mgss-
Pbes Ditblmur setg wls kirg laair`lfcg tblm
pripgrty em tbg bglrt ia tbg oety- Aurtbgr# tbiuhb
et wls im tbg iutsderts# surpresemhcy et wls mit
lhreoucturlc clm`- Lhreoucturlc clm`# fy clw#
olmmit fg fuect im- Pbes pegog ia pripgr ty bl`
fggm cghlccy –oimvgrtg`‛ emti urflm clm` ls alr
flod ls <515# fy tbg iwmgr- Pbes wls l ogrtlem
_ Dresbmlkurtby# lm lyurvg`eo iotir wbi wlmtg`
ti fuec` lm lyurvg`eo bispetlc im et- Xbgm tblt
`e` mit wird# bg `eve`g` et up lm` lttgkptg`
@r- Jibm Iswlct# IP priagssir
@g`eolteim ia tbg mgw clm`# miw _LELO_
olkpus‐<528
333
Kr- Fruog _ketb lm` @r- E eobgrel Memlm @r- Vifgrt Oicgklm# priagssir lm` hrl ult eim spgldgr
^rgsgmtlteim rlwemhs fy @lves @gsehm Hriup- Kr- @lves Kisgs bls fggm
_LELO_― gsehmgr lm` lrobetgot gxtrlir`emlerg semog <528 ti sgcc et pegogkglc ls gcgvgm biusemh pcits wetb umgxpgotg` ki`gsty air lm Em`elm ia l`kemestrlteim fuec`emh tbg ipgm aiygr lm`
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7<Vesd Dirlklmhlcl<52?+<528 7> _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
h
7> _LELO_ Pbg Aerst Pberty Uglrs
ti sgcc et pegogkglc ls gcgvgm biusemh pcits#
wetb mi suoogss- Ls Biuhbtim `goclrgs# –Et wls
settemh tbgrg wletemh air us ti turm up,‛ Xetbiut
blvemh ti frefg lmyfi`y em tbg hivgrmkgmt
air –oimvgrseim#‛ _LELO_ oiuc` stlrt fuec`emh
strlehbtlwly-
Pbg _LELO_ trustggs lhrgg` ti rghestgr tbg clm`
em tbg mlkg ia tbg _LELO_ Prust- Pbg clm`
fgolkg _LELO_― em Kly# <528-
Mgxt# wls tbg klttgr ia kldemh fuec`emh
pclms- Biuhbtim bl` l `rglk air tbg _LELO_
olkpus‐img wbeob oimvgyg` l spgoeo –speret
ia pclog-‛ –Hrium`s lm` fuec`emhs# emse`g lm`
iut# lrg ekpirtlmt#‛ bg wiuc` sly- –Pbgy lrg l
secgmt# kltgrelc wetmgss ti tbg dem` ia pclog et es-
Pbgy prive`g l piwgrauc stltgkgmt-‛ _LELO_#
em ir`gr ti aucc ets purpisg# kust fg fgluteauc
ls wgcc ls lol`gkeolccy rgspgotlfcg- Pbes kglmt
m`emh tbg rehbt lrobetgot-
Jlkgs Hlklcegc# img ia tbg l`jumot priagssirs
lm` airkgrcy premoeplc ia l tbgiciheolc oiccghg
beksgca# lttgm`g` tbg slkg oburob ls `e` l
ogrtlem @lves Kisgs- Img `ly# Hlklcegc lsdg`
Kisgs wblt bg `e` air l cevemh-
–E―k lm lrobetgot#‛ Kisgs lmswgrg`-
–Ib,‛ Hlklcegc gxoclekg`- –Iur premoeplc
es ciidemh air lm lrobetgot,‛ Bg prikptcy
lrrlmhg` air Kisgs ti kggt Biuhbtim- Cltgr#
Biuhbtim wiuc` cgt et fg dmiwm tblt bes rst
ekprgsseim ia Kisgs wls l pisetevg img‐
wetb umgxpgotg` ki`gsty air lm Em`elm ia
bes piseteim# tbg lrobetgot lrrevg` im l feoyocg-
Pbg twi `esoivgrg` tblt tbgy wgrg mgehbfiurs#
fitb rgse`gmts ia Dirlklmhlcl- Kisgs bl`
cevg` lfril` air aiurtggm yglrs# prloteoemh bes
priagsseim- Xbecg em Mehgrel# `gsehmemh umevgrsety
olkpusgs fgolkg bes spgoelcty-
Xbgm Biuhbtim suhhgstg` tblt tbg Emstetutg―s
l`kemestrlteim fuec`emh sbiuc` fg fuect rst#
lcimh wetb tbg premoeplc―s rgse`gmog l`jlogmt#
Kisgs tbiuhbt `eaagrgmtcy-
–Cgt―s ciid lt tbg klstgr pclm#‛ bg suhhgstg`-
–Xblt es l klstgr pclm9‛ Biuhbtim wlmtg` ti
dmiw-
Kisgs oiuc` sgg tblt sikg gxpclememh wls
mgg`g` fgairg tbgy oiuc` priogg` aurtbgr- –E olcc
et ‒fcug sdy tbemdemh#―‛ bg rgpceg`- –Xg mgg` ti
`rglk lfiut tbg olkpus ls l wbicg- Xblt itbgr
fuec`emhs `i yiu wlmt9 Xbgrg sbiuc` tbgy fg
fuect9‛
Pbg twi kgm fghlm ti tlcd lfiut rgse`gmog
blccs# l cefrlry# l stu`gmt ogmtrg wetb l `ememh
riik# aloucty bikgs# lm` Biuhbtim―s `gserg ti
`g`eoltg sikg splog ti l clrhg# hrggm clwm wetbem
l qul`rlmhcg ia klem fuec`emhs-
Biuhbtim lsdg` Kisgs ti `i sikg `rlwemhs
ti eccustrltg wblt bg gmveseimg` air _LELO_-
Cltgr wbgm bg slw tbgsg# bg dmgw tbgy wgrg
im tbg slkg wlvgcgmhtb- –Bes setg pclm sic`
kg#‛ bg slys- Ls bg emspgotg` tbg `gsehm air tbg
l`kemestrlteim fuec`emh‐tbg ipgm aiygr lm`
vgrlm`lb # tbg ourvg` obljjl ir ivgrblmh ia tbg
riia# lm` tbg hrlogauc stlerolsg‐bg dmgw bg bl`
aium` sikgimg wbi um`grstii` tbg –speret ia
pclog-‛ Bg iaagrg` Kisgs tbg jif-
Em tbg Dirlklmhlcl hlrlhg+iaogs# Lmetl
rgogevg` l surpresg- Img `ly# Biuhbtim olkg em
wetb sikg fcug premts um`gr bes lrk- Bg riccg`
tbgk iut im bgr tlfcg lm` fghlm tlcdemh lfiut
–aiur lorgs ia clm` lm` feh pclms-‛ Lmetl cestgmg`
pltegmtcy- –Biwgvgr# E tic` kysgca tblt tbg h ii`
ic` `iotir wls l fet ia l `rglkgr- E wls tiuobg`
fy bes gmtbuselsk lm` aletb em Hi`‐fut E
`e` mit rglccy fgcegvg et wiuc` lcc blppgm-‛ Em
rgtrispgot# sbg slys rugauccy# –Xgcc# ea lmyimg bls
ti glt tbger wir`s# et es kg-‛
<528‐Krs Biuhbtim lm` Plbe vgmturemh im tbg
rst pegog ia um`gvgcipg` clm` im wbeob _LELO_
stlm`s ti`ly
_tu`gmts pclmtemh trggs
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7?Vesd Dirlklmhlcl<52?+<528 76 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
_tu`gmts pclmtemh trggs
333
3 3 3
rehbt : Klrreg` stu`gmt lplrtkgmt fciods im tbg ‒mgw clm`―
cgat : Hrium`+frgldemh air OGI Ogmtrg
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0OistDtlmur <522+<550
^biti OL^tEim
Pbg oimstruoteim wirdgrs olccg` bek tbg –ukfrgccl klm-‛ Pbgi`irg Obrestlmlm`lm wls
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Emuk lces lset vicuptls quelgre squelt- Agrspgrri iptlsek sgmgt- Etlte sgqug rgstees gfetefus gis klhmek
ve`umt lfir sicirel spgcclf irgrupt lqulgrei- Wmteumt- Prgterg` lm` em bes sextegs wbgm @r- Hrlblk Biuhbtim berg` bek ti fg tbg setg supgrvesir-
Obrestlmlm`lm lhrgg` ti hevg _LELO_ aty pgr ogmt ia bes tekg# lm` l klxekuk ia l
yglr- Bg wesbg` ti `gvitg tbg itbgr aty ti tbg Em`elm Gvlmhgceolc Kesseim "EGK%- Im tbg `ly
bg rst rgpirtg` ti tbg setg# tbg aium`lteim ia tbg rst fuec`emh wls fgemh cle`‐tbg Emstetutg
Fuec`emh- Et wls# ls bg `gsorefgs et em Dlmml`l# l`bvlml , Ciisgcy trlmscltg`# et wls –ltrioeius,‛ Pbg
wirdgrs wgrg clyemh tb g oiursgs ia stimg gxlotcy im ti p ia
glob itbgr# wetbiut lctgrmltemh tbg stimgs em tbg riws ls l
freodclygr wiuc` `i‐l surg rgoepg air l sbldy aium`lteim-
Bg olccg` iaa bes oikketkgmt ti EGK# fiuhbt beksgca l
stur`y ukfrgccl# lm` stlyg` im air tbg mgxt tgm yglrs-
Ea tbgrg wls mit lm emob ia sbl`g iutse`g tblt ukfrgccl# et
wls fgolusg tbg se tg bl` mit l semhcg tr gg im et- Pbg clm`
wls ls `ry ls l fim g- Pbus# tbg rst tls d fgairg lmy fuec`em h
oiuc` stlrt bl` fggm ti firg l wgcc-
Em <522# Pgj ^luc lm` Biuhbtim tiid tbgksgcvgs ti tbg
iaogs ia tbg Hgiciheolc _urvgy ia Em`el ti rgqugst l
survgy ia tbg clm`# si ls ti e`gmteay l spit air tbg firg+
wgcc- Blvemh ple` tbg pre mogcy suk ia tgm rupggs air tbes
sgrveog# tbgy tiid flod wetb tbgk lm gc`grcy hgmtcgklm wbi
oclekg` tbrgg `gol`gs ia gxpgre gmog em tbg gc`- Im tbg
jiurmgy# sikgwblt cedg Esllo lsdemh Lfrlblk wbgrg tbg
wii` air tbg sloreo g wls# Biuhbtim dgpt gmque remh wbgrg
tbg hgicihest―s gquepkgmt wls- Pbg hgicihest `e` mit quetg
sly# –Pbg CIV@ wecc prive`g#‛ fut sikgtbemh ocisg- Bg sle`
bg `e` survgys fy ifsgrvlteim lcimg- Wm`grstlm`lfcy# tbes
kl`g Biuhbtim lmxeius-
Lt tbg setg# tbg ic` k lm tiid l ciid lt tbg cly ia tbg clm`# lm` e`gmteg` t wi pitgmtelc spits em
tbg lrgl wbgrg cltgr tbg premoeplc―s biusg wiuc` fg fuect- Bg gvgm prg`eotg` sikg twi tbiuslm`
hlccims pgr biur- Biuhbtim wls miteoglfcy cgss tblm gmtbuselsteo- Pgj agct sekeclrcy-
OistDtlmur <522+<550
_l`w ^cly
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75Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 72 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
_l`w ^cly Qem` ^ltec lm` P`r Orestlmlm`lm
kgt fregy wbecg fgemh emtgrvegwg` air
tbes fiid- Pbg rst tbemh tbgy rgolccg`‐
h`+mltur`cy‐wls ter omstlmt
feodgremh- Kirg tblm atggm yglrs blvg
plss` semo ty wrd` thtr- ivr
l `ol` a fuec`emh lotevety# ^ltec wls t
set mhemr rprtemh t t omtrlotr#
wec Orestlmlm`lm wls t suprvesr
rprsmtemh @r- Hrllk buhtm- P
arkr―s jf wls t msur tlt t osts
wr dpt `wm- P clttr wls kpcy`
t msur tlt t qulcety `e` mt suaar- Et es
lsy t s wy ty feodr`-
Py cluh` thtr wm ty rolcc`m plrteouclr summy `ly- Orestlmlm`lm
wls frltemh t wrdrs ar femh clx
lfut prprtems ar t omort- Emstl`
a t <:6:0 ar t okmt# slm` lm`
hrlvc# ty l` sufstetut` sk a t
okmt wet slm`- Orestlmlm`lm mcy l`
t cd lt t ocur a t kex ar et t alec
qulcety omtrc-
Ls urh` t wr drs t l`` em okmt#
rlcez` tlt ^ltec wls stlm`emh fem`
bek- Xetbiut turmemh lrium`# bg hurg`
tlt ^ltec wls kldemh vehrus lm`
sehmlcs t t wrdrs t h lsy m
t okmt- bw `e` dmw9 P sum
fem` olst ^ltec―s lmeklt` sl`w mt
t wlcc far Orestlmlm`lm# hevemh t
mhemr lwly-
L kimtb cltgr# @r- Jibm Pb lmmeodlc friuhbt
lcimh l wgcc+firemh tglk- Just ls tbgy wgrg
lfiut ti stlrt `ehhemh# Pblmmeodlc lsdg` tbgk
ti wlet- _trgtobemh iut bes blm` ivgr tbg spit#
bg prlyg`- Pgj oimagssgs bg wls mit lt tbes
gvgmt- _dgpteolc lfiut tbg iutoikg ia tbg
gmtgrpresg# bg wls –tii solrg`‛ ti plrteoepltg-
Latgr cgss tblm l `ly ia `re ccemh# tbg `reccg rs bet
wltgr lt l kgrg 60> aggt- Pr y ls tbgy kehbt#
tbgy oiuc` mit hi kirg tblm tgm aggt fgyim`
tbes fgolusg tbg wltgr ivgrwbgckg` tbg reh
wetb ets airog ia ‐mit twi# fut‐ aiur tbiuslm`
hlccims pgr biur- Latgrwlr`s# tbg mgehbfiuremh
vecclhgrs rgklr dg` tblt –Hi`―s wltgr‛ iwg`
iut arik tbg wgcc emti tbg l`jlogmt hrivg ia
trggs# –cedg l revgr-‛ _birt im wltgr tbgksgcvgs#
tbgy lttgkptg` l oiupcg ia firg+wgccs loriss
tbg agmog# cgss tblm tberty aggt arik tbg _LELO_
img- Mimg ia tbgk suoogg`g`-
Air tbg mgxt atggm yglrs# wbecg l scgw ia
fuec`emhs olkg up im tbg setg# tbes semhcg firg+wgcc
hlvg l pcgmteauc suppcy- Em l``eteim ti prive`emh
air tbg fuec`emh wird# et suppceg` tbg oikkumety―s
mgg`s air argsb wltgr- Pbes emocu`g` hriwemh tblt
gxplmsevg rgotlmhcg ia hrlss# _LELO_― sehmlturg‐
wbeob miw hgts imcy l rgoyocg` sufstetutg- Lt
tbes tekg Qemi` ltec wls tbg setg gmhemggr#
oimtgkpirlmgius wetb tbg –ukfrgccl klm-‛ Bg
fgoikgs cyreolc wbgm bg rgolccs tbes wgcc- Bg slys
et turmg` –l flrrgm clm` emti _wetzgrclm`‛‐ l
pclog ls hrggm ls lm lcpemg kgl`iw-
Em tbg sgvgm yglrs ia oimstruoteim tblt
aicciwg`# fuec`emhs olkg up tbeod lm`
alst- Em ir`gr ia lppglrlmog tbgy wgrg: tbg
l`kemestrlteim fuec`emh# miw olccg` tbg Emstetutg
Fuec`emh4 Fgtblmy# tbg premoeplc―s biusg lm`
ets twem# Fesbip Bgfgr Biusg4 em prixekety ti
tbgsg# rgse`gmtelc fciods air stu`gmts4 Pym`lcg
lm` Klog`imel# kglmt ls aloucty biusemh4 tbg
Pbg premoeplc―s biusg lm` tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh wgrg tbg rst ti fg oimstruotg`
P Xlsrk
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1<Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 1> _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
Pbg wggdcy setg kggtemh
P Xlsrk Plt Esm―t Pr
Xbecg `esoussemh pclms air tbg
clyiut ia tbg l`kemestrltevg iaogs#
lrobetgot @lves Kisgs lsdg` wbgrg
@r- Hrlblk Biuhbtim wiuc` cedg
tbg premoeplc―s prevltg wlsbriik-
Biuhbtim ariwmg`- –Xblt air9‛ bg
wlmtg` ti dmiw-
–Pbes es usulccy emocu`g` em tbg
gxgoutevg suetg#‛ tbg lrobetgot
rgpceg`-
Biuhbtim stippg` tbgoimvgrslteim wetb# –Pbgrg―s l
kgm―s tiecgt `iwm tbg oirre`ir# esm―t
tbgrg9‛
_etg gmhemggr Qemi` ^ltec rgolccs
Biuhbtim `esoussemh tbes wetb bek
cltgr- –Kimgy `igsm―t alcc arik tbg
sdy# ^ltec#‛ Biuhbtim sle`# lm`
wgmt im ti gxpclem tblt usemh tbg
oikkim tiecgt wiuc` hevg bek tbg
l``g` l`vlmtlhg ia emspgotemh et
air ocglmcemgss gvgry `ly-
1> _LELO_ Pbg Aerst Pberty Uglrs
`ememh oikpcgx dmiwm ls tbg Oikkims4 tbg
Kgm―s Vgse`gmog Blcc4 tbg Cefrlry4 lmitbgr
rgse`gmtelc fciod lcimhse`g tbg prgveius imgs4
lm` mlccy# tbg Oblpgc ia tbg Vgsurrgoteim-
tg Eseug Fuec`eh "<525%
Oimstruoteim ia tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh lm`
Fgtblmy fghlm em <522# wetb tbg airkgr
setultg` wbgrg Biuhbtim bl` suhhgstg`# lm`
tbg clttgr lt tbg itbgr gm` ia tbg pripgrty- Pbg
oimtrlotir wls Dgsblvl Kurtby# wbisg sgrveogs
oimtemug` air ivgr l `gol`g- Et kly fg ia
emtgrgst tblt tbg oist ia tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh
wls ?2-1 cldbs "W_@ 88#6>>%‐tbg oist ia l
ki`gst lt miwl`lys-
Pbes es tbg fuec`emh tblt fgst sbiws iaa tbg
oimugmog ia Em`elm lrobetgoturlc trl`eteims-
_tlm`emh loriss tbg clwm# tbg vegwgr wecc
lpprgoeltg tblt ets ogmtrlc sgoteim es rgkemesogmt
ia tbg rltbl ir tgkpcg oblreit- Pbg arimt ia
tbg oblreit pritru`gs arik tbg klem fuec`emh#
lm` tbg fi`y es tippg` fy tbg <2+aiit `elkgtgr
`ikg ir tbg hipurl - Pbg rltbl gaagot es kglmt
ti oimvgy l `ymlkeo# oimtemuius airwlr`
kivgkgmt‐l mg stltgkgmt ia tbg gtbis ia
tbg emstetuteim- Wsemh tbes hipurl tippg` wetb
tbg oriss# @lves Kisgs `gsehmg` tbg cihi ia tbg
emstetuteim- Pbg stycezg` hrlpbeo rgolccs Esclkeo
lrobetgoturg# ia wbeob tbg aiolc piemt es iatgm tbg
hukflz ir `ikg- Em l oety tblt wls imog rucg` fy
Pepu _uctlm# tbg _LELO_ `ikg es oikairtlfcy lt
bikg-
Lcsi lt bikg em l oety tblt looikki`ltg` l
Fretesb olmtimkgmt lrg tbg pecclrg` vgrlm`lbs lm`
tbg tgrrloittl tecg ocl``emh im tbg gxtgreir wlccs-
Kisgs tbiuhbt tbg gxpisg` freod gaagot ia tbg
tgrrloittl rgolccg` tbg umevgrsetegs ia Gmhclm`#
lm` tbus# wgcc suetg` tbes lol`gkeo emstetuteim-
Xblt wls lobegvg` lrobetgoturlccy wls lm Em`elm
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1?Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 16 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
Obrestelm e`gmtety tblt sekuctlmgiuscy flclmog`
lgstbgteos wetb oimtgxtulc rgcgvlmog- Biuhbtim
bl` mgvgr wlmtg` –sikgtbemh tblt ciids cedg et
wls peodg` up em Olceairmel fy l bgceoiptgr lm`
`ukpg` `iwm bgrg-‛ Im tbg itbgr blm`# bg wls
wlry ia gm`emh up wetb sikgtbemh cedg Kl`urle―s
Kggmldsbe diec # oikpcgtg wetb tegrs ia e`ics- Bg
wls mit `eslppiemtg`- Kisgs aium` tbg hic`gm
kglm-
Im 6>tb Jlmulry# <525# tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh
wls oikpcgtg`# wetb ia ogs im tbg hriu m`
iir lm` oclssriiks im tbg rst- Et wls
mesbg` em gehbt kimtbs# twi kimtbs lbgl` ia
sobg`ucg- Pbg pclqug sgts iut ets purpisg em l
agw sekpcg wir`s: –Pbes fuec`emh wls `g`eoltg`
ti tbg hciry ia Hi` lm` tbg trlememh ia kgm
lm` wikgm air Obrestelm kemestry-‛
Em Klrob# <525# _LELO_ kivg` iut ia tbg
rgmtg` biusgs em Dirlklmhlcl lm` emti ets
Ditblmur olkpus- Aeatggm stu`gmts olkg
lcimh ls wgcc# lctbiuhb tbes wls mit em tbg
irehemlc pclm- Pbg Biuhbtims bl` tbiuhbt ti
iooupy tbg just fuect Fgtblmy Biusg# lm` dggp
oikkutemh flod lm` airtb fgtwggm Ditblmur
lm` Dirlklmhlcl tecc tbg lplrtkgmt fciods wgrg
fuect lm` tbg stu`gmts oiuc` kivg emti tbger
iwm qulrtgrs- Ls et turmg` iut# tbg stu`gmts
wlmtg` ti fg plrt ia tbg peimggremh gaa irt#
emocu`emh tbg tbrgg cl`egs# tbg rst wikgm ti fg
gmriccg`- Aurtbgr# tbg rgmt slvg` fy kivemh iut
ia Dirlklmhlcl olkg em bgcpauc lt l tekg wbgm
_LELO_ wls oiumtemh gvgry plesl -
Lcc tbg aurm eturg wls kivg` fy img sklc c
truod kldemh aiur treps- Pbg kgm# emocu`emh
Biuhbtim# `e` lcc tbg ceatemh lm` sbeatemh- Mi
berg` bgcp wls usg`-
Pbg tbrgg wikgm bl` t bger riik im tbg
hrium` iir ia tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh# mgxt
ti tbg cl`egs― rgstriik- Pbg kgm stu`gmts
wgrg biusg`# `ir ketiry stycg# e m wblt lrg miw
oclssriiks im tbg uppgr iir-
Lt rst# tbg cef rlry wls looikki`ltg ` im tbg
rst iir- Xbgm tbg gmhemggr aium` iut# bg
wls birreg`‐tbg rst iir wls mit e mtgm`g`
ti bic` tbes dem` ia wgehbt- _i# tbg cefrlry
kivg` ti tbg hrium` iir im tbg ippisetg gm`
ia tbg fuec`emh arik tbg hercs― riik-
Pbgm# ls miw# tbg `ikg looikki`ltg` l ce ttcg
oerouclr prlygr riik# tbg Aesbgrkgm―s Oblpgc-
Pbg oriss ltip e t wls irehemlccy l s klcc wii`gm
img tecc et wls rgpclog` fy tbg prgsgmt clrhgr
mgim img- Et fclzgs gtbgrglc fcug lhlemst tbg
mehbt sdy# l `goclrlteim ia aletb fy freod lm`
kirtlr- Kgtlpbireolccy spgldemh# –tbg vgry
stimgs…ory iut‛,
tg Gs
Xetb tbg Emstetut g Fuec`emh `img# l plttgr m agcc
emti pclog- Pbg oirg tglk wiuc` kggt gvgry
Xg`mgs`ly air rgpirtemh lm` p clmmemh- Pbg
aiygr ia tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh sgrvg` ls ets
oimagrgmog vgmug- Xird fghlm prikptcy lt
2 lk gvgry kirmemh lm` mesbg` lt 1 pk# ir
sikgtekgs 8 pk im cimh sukkgr `lys-
Air gvgry mgw fuec`emh# tbg kltgrelc wiuc` fg
priourg` lm` stiodg` wgcc lbgl` ia ets usg-
Pbg ocly tecgs air tbg wlcc ocl``emh lm` r iias
wgrg friuhbt em a rik Dgrlcl fgolusg tbgy wgrg
ia fgttgr qulcety# fgttgr rg`# lm` tbus# kirg
`urlfcg- Pbg iiremh stimg air tbg aiygr lm`
vgrlm`lbs olkg arik tbg wgcc+dmiwm qulrregs ia
Ou``lplb em Lm`brl ^rl`gsb# lm` cltgr arik
Ditl em Vljlstblm- Xetb Obrestlmlm`lm dggpemh
wltob cedg l blwd# tbgrg wls mi oikprikesg
im qulcety- Lt cglst imog# bg oluteimg` tblt l
plrteouclr cil` ia freods wls ia piir qulcety#
Qegw ciidemh Mirtb arik Fgtblmy biusg Blm`+bgwm hrlmetg fgemh olrreg` ti tbg setg
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17Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 10 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
lm` surg gmiuhb# tbgy `essicvg` em tbg rlem
fgairg tbgy oiuc` fg usg`-
^lykgmts wgrg prikpt lm` oirrgot `iwm ti
tbg clst plesl - Air tbisg rgspimsefcg air dggpemh
tbg olsb iwemh# tbg setulteim `gklm`g` tblt
gvgry frg ia aletb fg gxgroesg`# lm` tblt gvgry
iumog ia oiurlhg fg friuhbt emti loteim-
Biuhbtim―s tgstekimy ia bes weag `gkimstrltgs
tbes: –E kust sly tblt Olric mgvgr wlvgrg`- _bg
mgvgr wlmtg` ti hi bikg# lm` sbg `e`m―t obidg
im et wbgm E tic` bgr img `ly# ‒Lcc wg mgg` es
l kecceim `icclrs-― _bg `e`m―t gvgm sly# ‒Uiu―rg
fgemh seccy-―‛
Pbg oimstru oteim wirdgrs wgrg mit imcy ple`#
fut wgcc olrg` air- Obrestlmlm`lm rgolccs tblt
sikg i``s lm` gm`s ia fuec`emh kltgrelc‐
emocu`emh l `esusg` wem`iw‐wgrg put tihgtbgr
ti fuec` l cettcg pclog air img ia tbg mgg`y
wikgm im bgr sklcc peg og ia c lm`- Air lmitbgr
wirdgr wbi bl` lstbkl# tbg –u kfrgccl klm‛
friuhbt kg`eoemgs arik bes weag# wbi bl`
tbg slkg leckgmt- L tber` img bl` l weag wetb
l prifcgk ia `gkim+pissgsseim- Bg bl`
bes plstir `gcevgr bgr# lm` tbgy sufsgqugmtcy
fgolkg Obrestelms-
Pbg prloteog em Em `el es tblt latgr gvgr y riia+
clyemh# wbeob es l wbicg `ly―s clfiur ia hr iup
gaairt# tbg wirdgrs blvg l oikkumety kglc- Lt
rst# tbgy kl`g tbger iwm lrrlmhgkgmts air et-
Biuhbtim mitg` tbg prloteog# lm` iaagrg` tbg
kglc im tbg biusg- Air tbger plrt# tbg wirdgrs
rgspim`g` fy mit puttemh up tbg oustiklry
gahegs im tbg fuec`emhs um`gr oimstruoteim ti
wlr` iaa tbg –gvec gyg-‛ Pbg Obr estelms lssur g`
tbgk tblt Hi` wiuc` pritgot fitb tbgk lm`
tbg fuec`emhs- Ivgr tbg cimh yglrs ia fuec`emh#
imcy twi wirdkgm suaagrg` looe`gmts# lm` gvgm
tbisg wgrg kemir-
_ehmeolmtcy# sgvgrlc ia tbg oimstruotei m
P Okkms‐ets Ods
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18Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 11 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
P Okkms ets Odslm` Outcts–Xg rgkgkfgr tbg sb wg ltg em Ghypt lt mi oist‐lcsi tbg ououk+
frs# kcms# cds# mems lm` hlrceo‛ "Muk- <<:7%-
P Okkms ortlemcy s mt srv fremh klmml vry `ly# fut
ts w lv fm em _LELO_ cmh muh rolcc‐wet wltremh
kuts‐`ess tlt lv eslpplr` ark t kmu ls t mukfrs
hrw-
–X wuc` lv klt gvgry `ly#‛ mtuss m a t oclmemh cl`es#
–umced mw-‛ P klt turm` up m t tlfcs em sorukpteus lvltlrs
suo ls dgflfs# outcts lm` are` ops-
Em ts lys t wc okkumety mt mcy lt emmr thtr m
Are`ly mehts# ls w mw# fut lcs hltr` ar cumo m Pus`lys-
Xetut alec# l ssrt lookplme` ts okkumlc klcs- Hy plylslk# skteks a reo lm` skteks a sgkeyl# wet olsw+
muts lm` rlesems kroecsscy rwm` em et-
blrdemh aurtr flod# emrs rolcc Kectm t oa―s olrlkc oustlr`-
Pbes wls tbg Kectim wbi kl`g tbg rst oimtrefuteim ti tbg fuec`emh ia
t Cefrlry- Kuo ced t we`w a Jsus― ly# weccemhcy aar` tw
rups- Klyf t Cefrlry suc` omse`r scvemh l odfd r tw
em es mur-
im tr ssrt tlt ls vlmes` es t ooclt old Keolc
us` t fld ar Are`ly mehts# t f ltm lt cesur latr occ hrup
lotevety wls m# lm` wls` wm wet l oup a t oaa-
Em cltr ylrs tr wls l ourry kl` a hrms# tlt wmt wm`rauccy
wcc wet ft oblppltes lm` reo- Et mvr alec` t kv aloucty kk+
fr @r- Orestpr Hmlmldlm t try ut es qustem m umsuspotemh
mwokrs: –@ yu dmw tlt w ht tes hrm ourry vry tek t
clwm es kw`9‛
wirdgrs stlyg` im latgr tbg fuec`emh pblsg wls `img# lm` lrg plrt ia tbg
sgrveogs stlaa ti`ly- Pbgy rgolcc tbg ic` tekgs wetb l cluhb lfiut img ia
tbg hlr`gmgrs# Bimmlppl Blmuklmtblppl# wbi bl` l flfy l``g` ti bes
alkecy wetb gvgry fuec`emh tblt olkg up,
Aicciwemh tbg gxlkpcg ia tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh‐lm` sehmeolmtcy
air l prijgot em Em`el‐gvgry fuec`emh em tbes pblsg wls oikpcgtg` im
sobg`ucg- Xblt es kirg# tbg gstekltg lm` tbg mlc oists mglrcy lcwlys
kltobg`-
Pbg hrgltgst oikpcekgmt ti tbg g tbis ia tbgsg sgvgm yglrs pgrblps
oikgs arik setg gmhemggr ^ltec# l Bem`u- Pi gxprgss biw pcglsurlfcg
bg aium` bes `lecy tlsd# tbg wird gtbeo lm` tbg sgmsg ia oikkumety# bg
usgs l pbrlsg arik bes wirc`vegw- Et kust fg bes piirvl jlmkl`l pumyl # bg
slys‐org`et arik l prgveius ceag tblt bg gmjiys em tbes rgemolrmlteim,
tg Okks "<55<%
Lt tbes tekg# tbg detobgm ipgrltg` arik wblt bl` fggm fuect ls l s tirlhg
sbg`# mglr tbg arimt hltg- Xetb ets lsfgstis riia# et wls rltbgr preketevg‐
lm` ogrtlemcy vgry tgkpirlry- Biw tgkpirlry et wls wls `gkimstrltg`
tblt rst yglr- Img kirmemh# ls tbg stu`gmts wletg` fgtwggm oclssgs
air tbg oiid ti fremh tbger oiaagg ivgr arik tbes detobgm# l biwcemh
wem` ceatg` tbg wbicg riia iaa tb g sbg`- Gvgm ls tbgy wltobg` em
oimstgrmlteim# tbg riia slecg` tbriuhb tbg ler lm` kl`g l cgss+tblm+
hrlogauc clm`emh- Pbgrg es mi emairklteim lvleclfcg im wblt wls sgrvg`
air cumob tblt `ly,
Et kust blvg fggm wetb rgcega tblt tbg fuec`emh dmiwm ls tbg Oikkims
P Kehty Kuctepurps Kltl`r
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Em t lys far t prsmt wet keme+fus#
tr wls l feh+ocur` vlm# l Kltl`r-
Pj ^luc aum l `revr ar t vlm- Qejly
rkkfrs Pj okemh t es us lm` wretemh
ut l cttr a rsehmltem ar ek t sufket t
es ourrmt kpcyr# s tlt ouc` sweto t
t mw jf ekk`eltcy- Qejly wls mt t sur
wlt wls httemh emt- Ls Pj td ek t
_LELO_# aurtr lm` aurtr ut a t oety lm`
emt t –jumhc#‛ folk vm css sur-
bwvr# Qejly es stecc lrum` mlrcy l qulrtr
omtury cltr- b rolccs w# ar l wc
`ol`# <55> t 6>>># t Kltl`r wls
_LELO_― mcy veoc- imo l wd et kl`
l trep t ttry Vl` ar vhtlfcs- imo lartmeht et wmt reht emt t oety# t Jmsm
Klrdt# ar klt- Em t lrcy <55>s# _LELO_
wiuc` fuy sikg aty decis ia kglt glob tekg#
wet Qejly wletemh pltemtcy ar l oupc a
urs wec et wls trekk` a alt‐@r- Hrllk
buhtm―s xprss emstruotems- imo vry
kmt# t Kltl`r wmt aa t t wcslc
klrdt lt Uswlmtpur ar t ry hrores-
Mt mcy `e t vlm fremh flod pclmt pr`uo# et
fruht wc pclmts okpct wet st lm`
rt- Em t lrcy ylrs# wm _LELO_ wls kstcy
l flrrm wlst# Olrc buhtm wuc st aa
mo l kmt t t mursres lt t ftlmeolc
hlr`ms a Clcflh- P trs tlt olk flod em
ts vlm treps lr t ms em ws sl` w
c klmy l omvrsltem t`ly-
Pbgsg wgrg tbg yglrs ia tbg rst lm` fusegst
pls a fuec`emh- imo em l
wec# t Kltl`r olrre` sk
a t weht a t prjots-
Qejly wuc` umsorw t slts
lm` kld rk ar slm` r
stms# ls t krhmoy
`klm``- P vlm wuc` tm
prtm` et wls l crry- Pr wr
tr krhmoes em weo et
l` t krp emt lm lkfuclmo
lt srt mteo- _eod stu`mts
wuc` f cl`` emt ets olr
lm` wlv` aa t O_E bspetlc m
\um―s Vl`-
Ets kr pclmm` utemhs wrls l peod+up ar lrrevlcs lt t lerprt# r ls l
cesur veoc tldemh vesetrs m l ly+trep t
sld em t sehts a Kysr- Kr prsleo wr
ets lecy treps emt Cemhlrljlpurlk- Pecc t ke`+
<55>s# _LELO_ bl` lm iaog tbgrg ciidg` latgr
fy Klroel Keolc- Xet _LELO_― tcpm
cemgs umrgcelfcg# tbes iaog dgpt _LELO_ em tiuob
wet t rst a t wrc` vel alxs-
im _ltur`lys# t Kltl`r l` t c` ets
ms ar l fet wec et aumotem` ls l hlrflh
`espslc vlm- Et arre` t okkumety―s wlst
t t colc `ukpemh hrum`- Kr looptlfc
h`s emocu`` t lecy klec# weo l` t f
occot` ark _utrm Lsel Fefc Occh#
folus t pstklm raus` t vmtur aa t
rl` emt t ku` trlod cl`emh t _LELO_- gvm
kirg ehmeg` wgrg tbg treps ti tbg Butobems
Vil` pist iaog# wbgrg orltgs ia fiids wiuc`
lwlet occotem- Ar temhs ced sttcemh t
cotreoety fecc# Qejly ct t Kltl`r lv l rst
lm` td es c` tw+wcr lcc t wly t
bsdt wr t plykmts l` t f kl`-
Xet mcy m fus trlvccemh t bmmur+Flhlcur
rut# t _LELO_ Kltl`r wls t demh a
t rl` em ts plrts- Et wls vm kr s lt
mehts# wm mo l wd# latr emmr# et td
t stu`mts t bmmur t kld cmh+`estlmo
pm olccs-
blv w cest` lcc ets rcs lm` aumotems9 Mt
mtercy- Et mo srv` ls l revemh soc ar
Keolc a t Okkms wm# ar l wec`
kkmt# suhhst` t buhtm tlt
prarr` t rev rltr tlm od- Mtemh
olk a et# wvr- Keolc rturm` t t
Okkms# wec t Kltl`r rturm` emt t
olr a ets trust` klut-
12 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
wls emluhurltg` wetb tbg pclqug‐–Pbe s
_tu`gmt Ogmtrg wls `g`eoltg` air Obrest lm` bes
demh`ik im tbg 7tb Lprec <55< ‛
_uhuklrlm Gfgmgzgr ia tbg l`kemestrlteim
rgolccs tbg trlmsplrgmt pclsteo –bimgsty fix‛
tblt slt fy tbg
irehemlc trei olkg lplrt# tbg tbrggsikg wbi bl`
tbus alr fggm tbg –ousti`elms ia tbg `rglk-‛
Pbg Oblerpgrsim @r Dgm Hmlmldlm lm` tbg
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8<Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 8> _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
demh`ik im tbg 7 Lprec# <55<-
Pbg Oikki ms emoir pirltg` l klm`lcl ls ets
aglturg‐tbg ogmtrlc oiurtylr` ipgm ti tbg
sdy# si typeolc ia _iutb Em`elm bikgs- Air
prloteolc rglsims# tbg ipgmemh wls ocisg` wetb
frg hclss- Pbg kgm―s lm` wikgm―s blccs ia
rgse`gmog lm` tbg aloucty qul`rlmhcg wiuc`
sbiw iaa tbg klm`lcl ti hrgltgr gaagot- Et kl`g
pissefcg l ogmtrlc oikkumety splog# semog lcc
tbg riiks ipgm iut imti tbg oiurtylr`- Em
tbg tripeos# et sgrvgs ti cgt tbg frggzg emti tbg
bglrt ia tbg oikpcgx ia riiks# lm` wblt es
kirg# lcciws l hlr`gm tblt olm fg wltgrg` fy
tbg rlem-
Fgse`gs biusemh tbg ememh blcc lm` detobgm#
tbg Oikkims bl` l cettcg oimvgmegmog
stirg tblt sblrg` splog wetb tbg fiidsbip-
Et stiodg` tbemhs cedg silp lm` tiitbplstg#
mitgfiids lm` swggts im ets oiupcg ia sbgcvgs-
L`jlogmt wls l pbimg fii tb air st u`gmts ti
olcc bikg arik- Pbes wls l hrglt rgcega arik
blvemh ti kldg l trep up ti Bgmmur Oriss#
plyemh l rgturm fus alrg tblt iatgm gxogg`g`
tbg oist ia tbg pbimg olcc- Et wls lcsi l rgcega
mit ti blvg olccs arik alkecy lm` aregm`s tldgm
em tbg premoeplc―s biusg# wetb tbg premoeplc rst
sufjgotemh tbg blpcgss olccgr ti l tbiriuhb
emtgrrihlteim-
tblt slt fy tbg
plypbimg lt lcc tekgs
ia tbg `ly lm` tbg
mehbt- _tu`gmts oiuc`
kldg olccs lt lmy
tekg# lm` ply emti
tbg fix- Bg rgolccs
tblt kimgy mgvgr hit
sticgm# mit gvgm fy
lmy ia tbg wirdgrs im tbg suoogssevg fuec`emh
prijgots-
Im tbg rst iir ia tbg Oikkims wls tbg
stu`gmt ciumhg# wetb ets –kiveg riik#‛ wbeob
air klmy yglrs wls tbg tbgltrg em wbeob Are`ly
mehbt gmtgrtlemkgmt wls sorggmg`-
Kgm―s Vgse`gmog Blcc "<556%
Pbg –Vgse`gmog Blcc wls `g`eoltg` im tbg
1tb Klrob# <556 wetb tbg prlygr tblt lcc wbi
cevg bgrg wecc oikg ti dmiw bek lm` fg
gmlfcg` ti gaagotevgcy kldg bek dmiwm-‛ Pbes
pclqug olkg um`gr kec` rgfudg arik l purest
hrlkklrelm- Xbgm tblt hrglt spidgspgrsim air
gvlmhgceolcesk# @r- Jibm _titt# vesetg` _LELO_
em <550# bes gyg oluhbt tbg spcet emmetevg im tbes
stimg tlfcgt- ^ripgrcy# et sbiuc` blvg rgl` –…ti
kldg bek dmiwm gaagotevgcy-‛
_ehmeolmtcy# kirg tblm emmetevgs wgrg spcet
em tbg glrcy ―5>s- Et wls lt tbes tekg tblt tbg
Pbg Oblerpgrsim @r- Dgm Hmlmldlm lm` tbg
Klmlhemh Prustgg Biuhbtim fghlm ti blvg
`eaagrgmogs- Pbg prifcgk bl` ti `i wetb tbg
lutbirety lm` ricg ia tbg LPL# tbg _iutb Lsel
loorg`etemh emstrukgmt ia wbeob Hmlmldlm
wls lcsi tbg oblerpgrsim- Fy tbes tekg _LELO_
wlmtg` ti stlrt iaagremh ^b@ `ghrggs# lt cglst em
Kesseicihy ti fghem wetb- Hmlmldlm―s oiumsgc
wls ti wlet-
Lmitbgr klttgr bl` ti `i wetb tbg tgxt ia tbg
_LELO_ `epcikl lwlr`g` ti stu`gmts lt tbger
hrl`ulteim ogrgkimy- Pbg LPL rgoikkgm`g`
tblt tbg `epcikl l`` –loorg`etg` fy tbg Lsel
Pbgiciheolc Lssioelteim‛ ti tbg tgxt- Em sikgqulrtgrs# tbes wls tbiuhbt supgruius-
Biuhbtim# ls tbg premoeplc# olrreg` tbg fur`gm
ia tbgsg lol`gkeo klttgrs air l pgrei` ia tekg#
wetbiut fremhemh tbg _LELO_ trustggs emti et-
Fut bg `e` wim`gr ea bg wls hgttemh et wrimh#
lm` wls pgrsul`g` bg mgg`g` bgcp- _i# just ls
Biuhbtim wls `goe`emh ti cly et iut fgairg
tbg trustggs# Hmlmldlm writg ti Biuhbtim
suhhgstemh tblt bg wls fgblvemh umecltgrlccy# lm`Em t _tps a t Jwes Olrpmtr
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86 8?_LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
hh h w f v h y#
fgyim` bes hevgm piwgrs-
Lt tbg mgxt kggtemh ia tbg tr ustggs# Hmlmldlm
em`eoltg` bg wls umlfcg ti lttgm`# lm` sbirtcy
tbgrglatgr# sufkettg` bes rgsehmlteim- Pbg
trustggs wgrg rgcegvg` tblt mgetbgr oimarimtlteim
mir oimtemug` oimeot gmsug`- Biwgvgr# l
vlcug` rgclteimsbep‐fgtwggm twi kgm wbi bl`
pursug` tbg slkg hilcs‐wls fridgm-
Lmitbgr spcet blpp gmg` lt tbe s piemt t blt
bl` mitbemh ti i wetb getbgr hrlkklr ir
hivgrmirs- Xblt es miw tbg Kgm―s Vgse`gmog
Blcc wls fuect ls l twem ocustgr ia riiks#
glob wetb ets iwm oiurtylr`- Pbes wls mit
imcy air tbg sldg ia lrobetgoturlc lgstbgteos#
fut fgolusg tbg lrobetgot―s irehemlc pclm wls
ti biusg tbg semhcg kgm lrium` tbg clrhgr
oiurtylr`# wbecg tbg riiks lrium` tbg
sklccgr oiurtylr` wiuc` looikki`ltg tbg
semhcg wikgm- Biwgvgr# tbg mukfgr ia hercs
wls kuob c iwgr oikplr g` ti tbg k gm- _i#
et wls tbiuhbt kirg prloteolc ti cgt tbgk
sblrg tbg alkecy lplrtkgmts tblt bl` oikg
up lt tbg siutb gm` ia tbg olkpus# tiwlr`s
tbg premoeplc―s biusg- Xetb tbes goeseim tbg
e`gl olkg ti mluhbt# lm` tbg semhcg stu`gmts―
rgse`gmog fciods wgrg spcet hgm`gr+wesg arik
tbgm im‐lm` pissefcy# air lcc tekg-
Mltlm Deccm a Mw Zlclm` ls l
ffy‐olrpmtry- b lcs ls l plssem#
lm` tlt es t srv Orest em kessems- P
tw olk thtr wm olk t _LELO_
em <525- Lt tes tek# t prprty wls stecc l
flr peo a clm` wet t Emstetut Fuec`emh
stlm`emh lt m m` lm` sk usemh lt
t tr m`- Mltlm lm` es tlk fuect
oupflr`s# wlr`rfs# detom lm` fltrk
olfemts lm` lcc srts a sklcc aurmetur-
Mltblm rst olkg ti Em`el em <581# wetb lm
iK_ Emtrmltemlc tlk tlt wrd` sex wds emh lvy omstruotem wrd ar Kl`rls
Fefc _kemlry- Plt es wr t ceacmh arem`sep ftwm Mltlm lm` Kle`l Deccm lm` t
buhtms fhlm- Ls _LELO_ fhlm t tld slp# oluht ets vesem t –trlem t trlemrs-‛
Xet tes# Mltlm cetrlccy rcc` up es scvs lm` st t wrd- ivr t clst tw ol`s ls ok m olrpmtry wrd t _LELO_ sk mem teks# stlyemh ar l kmt lo veset- Xlt es
kr# ls trlem` l hrup a ur srveo stlaa t wec` t slw lm` t pclm-
Oicclhg` em bes kgkiregs lrg l reit ia eklhgs# lcc plrt ia bes cglrmemh gxpgregmog: tbg Plj Klblc4
tbrgsbemh lm` wemmiwemh em tbg vecclhgs lrium` Ditblmur4 tbg alogs ia bes klmy hii` aregm`s4
t hblts lt Qlrlmlse4 tbg oiciurauc secds em tbg klrdgts4 _um`ly sgrveog lt l ciolc oburob- Bg
rolccs t# t prloteolc treods t tlk―s –fys‛ ht up t- Em t lrcy `lys# x olrts wuc` h
plst _LELO_ t Dtlmur# flremh omstruotem kltrelc- Xltoemh truh t wer amoemh‐tes
wls far t fum`lry wlccs olk up‐ty mteo` tlt wm t olrt rturm` lt usd#
t olrt―s revr wls emvlrelfcy lscp- bes trusty xm f`emtcy td t olrt k- im
suo vmemh# t yumh olrpmtrs quetcy klmlh` t turm t xm lrum`# sttemh t olrt
trum`cemh flod emt Dtlmur- L cettc cltr ty slw t olrt okemh flod lhlem- Pes tek t
`revgr wls settemh up lcgrt# wlrecy ciidemh arik se`g ti se`g# lm` ocutobemh tbg rgems vgry rkcy,
_tgppemh flod arik tbg wirdtlfcg# tbg Deccgms ciid lt tbg rlmhg lm` gptb ia _LELO_― emugmog
em _ut Lsel- Py lr lppy t lv fm plrt a tes wrd- –Et olmh` ur cevs vm just
fy farem`emh l kessemlry#‛ ty sly- –Lmym olm fok plrt a H`―s kessem em t wrc`-
Pr es lcwlys t wly-‛
tg Cefrlry "<55?%
–Cgt tbgrg fg cehbt#‛ `goclrgs tbg pclqug ia tbg
Cefrlry Em`gg` wbgm yiu wlcd tbriuhb tbg P @utso Klrd lm` t Vup
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80 87_LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
Cefrlry- Em`gg`# wbgm yiu wlcd tbriuhb tbg
klem `iir em tbg gvgmemh yiu wecc m` tbg plmgcs
ia hclss ippisetg tbg ar imt `iir rl`elmt wetb
sumsgt irlmhg-
Pbg `ikemltemh aglturg ia tbg Cefrlr y es tblt
ets tbrgg cgvgcs lrg ipgm ti glob itbgr- Xbecg
tbg itbgr fuec`emhs wgrg `gsehmg` wetb splogs
sglcg` iaa ls riiks# tbg Cefrlry emtgre ir wls
oimogevg` ls l semhcg vicukg ia splog- _birt
ehbts ia stg ps oimmgotg` tbg flsgkgmt wetb tbg
kgzzlmemg iir lm` tbg clttgr wetb tbg uppgr
iir‐tbg stlers miw oimvgrhemh# miw `evgrhemh-
Pbg hrlmetg flcustrl`gs tblt g`hg` tbg vgrlm`lbs
lm` riias ia tbg itbgr fuec`emhs wgrg ekpir tg`
emti tbg emtgreirs ia tbg Cefrlry# emorglsemh tbg
gaagot ia lm –iutse`g‛ emvl`emh tbg –emse`g-‛ Ls
kuob ls ets fiids gmoiurlhg` tbg argg iw ia
e`gls# ets `gsehm lcciwg` l oerouclteim ia ler lm`
pgrkglteim fy cehbt-
Xbgm tbg cehbt al`g` lt tbg gm` ia tbg `ly#
mehbt emvl`g` tbg olkpus arik tbg surrium`emh
oiumtryse`g- Em tbg glrcy lm` ke` ―5>s# tbgrg
wgrg mit ls klmy clkps ti cehbt tbg pltbwlys
ls tbgrg lrg ti`ly- Xblt wls kirg# air l cimh
tekg Biuhbtim rgsestg` emstlccemh l hgmgrltir-
Bg fgcegvg` tblt wbgm tbg piwgr alecg`# tbg
oikkumety sbiuc` fg mi fgttgr+iaa tblm tbg
vecclhgrs lrium`- Et wls lt tbgsg tekgs tblt
pGlrcy em <556# Lm`rgls Vu`icpb vesetg` _LELO_- Bg rgprgsgmtg` l Hgrklm oblrety
fy tbg mlkg ia Em`egm Becag- Ls bg wgmt lrium` tbg olkpus# bg wls plrteouclrcy
ekprgssg` tblt tbg `g`eolteim pclqugs `e` mit olrry tbg mlkgs ia tbisg stecc
cevemh- Bg gvgm bl` @r- Hrlblk Biuhbtim wretg up l oiupcg ia slkpcgs air bes
irhlmezlteim-
Lt tbes tekg# tbg ogmtrlc clwm bl` fggm fuect up im tbrgg se`gs- Pbg aiurtb se`g
wls ipgm# aeccg` imcy em Biuhbtim―s kem` fy l cefrlry- Bes sgorgtlry# Lmetl Lmtbimy#
pripisg` tblt ea tbg oblrety sbiuc` iaagr ti ocisg tbes hlp wetb l twi aciir cefrlry#
tbger hgmgrisety wiuc` fg kuob lpprgoeltg`-
L agw kimtbs cltgr# Em`egm Becag bl` l strlmhg setulteim im tbger blm`s‐kirg kimgy
tblm tbgy dmgw wblt ti `i wetb- Pbes olkg lfiut fgolusg ia tbg `gvlculteim ia
tbg Em`elm rupgg- Latgr `esfursemh tbg lccioltg` lkiumts ti tbger vlreius prijgots
em Em`el# tbgy bl` l blm`sikg suk cgat ivgr- _ikg im tbg Filr` wim`grg` ea tbgy
sbiuc` oblmmgc tbes gxogss tiwlr`s tbger wird em _iutb Lkgreol- Itbgrs emsestg` tblt
semog tbgsg `gutsobg klrds wgrg irehemlccy `g`eoltg` ti Em`el tblt es wbgrg tbgy
sbiuc` hi-
Lm` si et blppgmg` tblt _LELO_ fgolkg tbg fgmgaeoelry ia l kist umgxpgotg`
wem`alcc- Em Jumg <556# et rgogevg` ls l `imlteim tbg premogcy suk ia ?>-?1 cldbs-
Xbgm tbg Cefrlry wls oikpcgtg` lm` `g`eoltg` l yglr cltgr# lfiut tbrgg+aiurtbs
ia tbg oist ia tbg fuec`emh bl` fggm ple` air fgolusg tbg rupgg bl` tldgm l
tukfcg,
Jlkgs tbg wltobklm
olkg emti bes iwm-
Im bes fglt lrium`
lm lvgmug ia trggs lcimh tbg clmg tblt cg` arik
tbg hltg ti Fgtblmy Biusg- Ir`emlry mggk trggs
wgrg mgehbfiurs wetb slm`lcwii`# klmhi trggs
_i ls ti suppirt tbg sperg# tbg riia wls
rgemairog` wetb vg trlmsvgrsg fglks- Lrobetgot
Kisgs wls plrteouclr lfiut blvemh l ogecemh tblt
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88Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 81 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
tbg fuec`emhs# bg
wiuc` turm klmy l
`lrd oirmgr- Pi wlrm
pitgmtelc tbegvgs ia
bes oikemh# bg wiuc`
oimvgrsg ciu`cy wetb
beksgca- Pbes tiid im
l``g` vlcug fgolusg
Jlkgs wls l kekeo-
Bg wiuc` spgld em l vlregty ia vieogs# hevemh
tbg ekprgsseim tblt bg wls l wbicg hriup ia
stu`gmts- Cltgr wltobkgm agcc flod im tbg
kimitimius wbestcg ti lmmiumog tbger fglt irtbukpg` l steod im tbg pltbwlys‐imcy Jlkgs
oiuc` cc l `lrd mehbt wetb cevgcy oimvgrslteim-
Pbg _LELO_ Cefrlry wls –`g`eoltg` im tbg
<6tb Klrob# <55?# wetb tbg prlygr tblt lcc wbi
rgl` bgrg wecc oikg ti fg `gtgrkemg` ti prglob
mitbemh fut Obrest lm` bek oruoeg` lm` resgm
arik tbg `gl`-‛
_pgldemh ia resemh arik tbg `gl`# tbg `ry lm`
`usty clm` wls oikemh lcevg wetb hrggm- Pbes wls
tbg tekg tbg clrhg ogmtrlc rgotlmhcg wls hrlssg`
ivgr lm` murturg` emti l clwm- Vehirius pclmtemh
gaairt bl` rgsuctg` em sklcc# bipgauc trggs- _ikg
stii` em rlm`ik esiclteim# sikg wgrg ir`grg`
emti mglt riws- Pbgrg wls gvgm tbg prikesg ia
hrgw lcimhse`g tgld- Fgtwggm tbg viccgyflcc oiurt
lm` tbg premoeplc―s rgse`gmog wls l cettcg vemgylr`
wbeob yegc`g` hrlpgs air l oiupcg ia yglrs- Em
kirg wlys tblm img# _LELO_ wls furstemh wetb
slp# iwgremh lm` aruetemh-
tg Olpgc a g Vgsurrgoe "<550%
Pbg clst hlp lrium` tbg qul`rlmhcg ia tbg clwm
wls ccg` fy tbg Oblpgc- Puodg` emti l oirmgr
fgtwggm tbg Oikkims lm` tbg Cefrlry# et
blrkimeiuscy flclmog` tbg `ikg wetb ets sperg-
Pbg setg gmhemggr rgolccs tblt em tbes fuec emh et wls
tbg riia tblt gklm`g` olrgauc oimstruoteim- Pbgpclm ia tbg Oblpgc es typeolccy Guripglm- Ets iir
pclm es trl`eteimlccy oruoeairk‐oriss+sblpg`- Ets
piemtg` wem`iws gobi tbg Hitbeo stycg- Pbg sperg#
aium` em klmy l Fretesb+fuect Flmhlcirg oburob# es
tbg kist ifveius em`eoltir tblt tbes es l Obrestelm
pclog ia wirsbep- Pbg Em`elm gcgkgmt es emsgrtg`
fy tbg hrlmetg flcustrl`g lcimh tbg riia# fut kuob
kirg si fy tbg –ms‛ sgplrltemh tbg ocisgcy sgt
wem`iws- Pbg –ms‛ lrg irmltgcy sblpg`# lm` lrg
l aglturg firriwg` arik _iutb Em`elm tgkpcg
lrobetgoturg- Emtgrgstemhcy# tbg wem`iws lm` ms
oikpgtg wetb glob itbgr- Xbgm img ciids lt
tbg Oblpgc arik tbg arimt# tbg Em`elm lspgot es
prikemgmt- _ggm arik tbg se`g# tbg ms mlrriw
emti emsehmeolmog lm` tbg Hitbeo ciid ikemltgs-
iwg` skiitbcy# wetbiut vesulc frglds- Air tbes
rglsim# tbg fglks wgrg piseteimg` ls emvgrtg`
ir gxtgreir fglks# lm` olmmit fg sggm arik tbg
emse`g- Gxogpt air tbg ogmtrlc rgotlmhcg air tbg
sdycehbt lm` tbg squlrg wbeob cioltgs tbg sperg#
tbg ogecemh rums lt# wetbiut `estrlotemh getbgr
tbg kem` ir tbg gyg ia tbg wirsbeppgr-
Pbes –Oblpgc ia tbg Vgsurrgoteim wls oimsgorltg`
im tbg rst ly ia Kly# <550# wetb tbg prlygr tblt
em tbg prglobemh ia tbg wir` lm` em tbg frgldemh
ia frgl`# tbg Vesgm Cir` wecc kldg beksgca
dmiwm ti lcc wbi wirsbep bgrg-‛ Pbisg wbi rgl`
wetb olrg wecc miteog tblt tbg wir` rgsurrgoteim wls irehemlccy kes+spgct# wetb twi –s‛s- Prlogs ia
tbg oirrgoteim rgklem-
Em`gg` tbg Oblpgc es wetmgss ti kirg sehmeolmt
–oirrgoteim‛ tblm tblt ia spgccemh lcimg‐
Aerst Cefrlrelm‐J K F
_u`bldlrlm
L Pek t Xp
oblmhg` cevgs# lvgrtg` oresgs- Klmy l kgkfgr ia
tbg sgrveogs stlaa wbi turmg` ti tbg Obrestelm
aletb bls fggm flptezg` em tbg tlmd fy tbg Oblpgc―s
Pb e e e ecc d a
suppirt air l fuec`emh prijgot ir l aloucty
trlemgg em l airgehm clm`# tbg ccemh ia l oreteolc
l`kemestrltevg piseteim- Klmy l kerloucius
– e ‛ b a cc ` e b b e e e
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85Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 82 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
Ls kuo ls tr lv fm oolsems t
ocfrlt# tr lv fm teks a hrea-
Em @okfr <551# t srveos stlaa wr hemh
m ets lmmulc peomeo- P lol`keo `lm# @r-
Luhustem lhcu# lookplme` tk wet es
alkecy‐wea _uklte# lm` tr oec rm# t c st
femh sextm+ylr c Lmlm`- P `stemltem
wls l ar` m t Dlvre# l ppuclr turest spt
olcc` Kd`lt# t –Hlt―s Orssemh-‛ Xm ty
rlo`# t fys wmt rummemh `wm t t wltr-
Far es altr―s ys# Lmlm` scepp` emt t trlorus um`rourrmt
lm` wls pucc` lwly-
Air tbg mgxt vg `lys# Jibmsim Jlhlmml`blk ia l`kemestrlteim lm` @r-Hrlblk Biuhbtim wgmt ti Kgdg`lt gvgry `ly# l vg+biur jiurmgy glob
wly- Py ood` lcc t usulc spts wr f`es usulccy wls up#
fut t m lvlec- gvmtulccy# l kkrelc srveo wls c em t Olpc-
Lt t m a t kmt tr wls mws ark t pceo- Py wmt
lhlem# tes tek tldemh Luhustem wet tk- Pr wls l f`y#
e gmtelfcg ls Lmlm`―s fy tbg fiy―s mgwcy+fiuhbt sbigs- Pbg aumgrlc
fruht t kmt+cmh lhmezemh wlet t ocsur-
Em Kly 6>>7# em lmtr alkecy a tr oec rm# t yumhr a tw sms
acc ecc- Pes wls Lrpet# t sm a @r- Lses Oresplc w wls lt tlt
tek t premoeplc lt _LELO_- Lrpet wls twmty+tw ylrs c # lm` wls
wirdemh air l oirpirltg rk- Iatgm# im lm gvgmemh# bg oiuc fg aium`
pclyemh oreodt wet t stu`mts- b td ecc wet wlt sk` l rhuclr
u- Bg wls l`kettg` ti tbg bispetlc# wbgrg tbg umogrtlem `elhmises wls
tlt kly lv oluht `mhu avr- P mxt `ly wls trlmsarr`
t Orestelm K`eolc Occh bspetlc lt Qccr# wr es c r frtr
wls l k`eolc `otr- Fy X`ms`ly krmemh# latr lvemh fm ecc m
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wbi kl`g –tbg Vesgm Cir`…dmiwm‛ ti tbgk
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gvgry wggd+`ly latgr cumob# usulccy kemestgrg` ti
fy l stu`gmt ir stu`gmt spiusg-
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tbg umety ia tbg alkecy ia Hi`-
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wblt wg olcc iur rst –wiw,‛ kikgmt# tbg
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ociu`s-
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2<Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 2> _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
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lm krhmoy- Py lr arlk` fem` hclss- Fcw t kmy es l cttr tlt xpclems tes
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t mxt rk- Latr lm ur r s# t olprm wuc kld tk
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splrltcy kl` ter quet xets-
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cedg gmverimkgmt lt _LELO_
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2?Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 26 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
a t XlsemhKloem
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olcc` Ple t –Qeo+^remoeplc-‛
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28Oist Ditblmur<522+<550 21 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
vecclh a i``lpltte em Plkec Ml`u# Vlylm fcmh` t t alrkemh okkumety# wet l sklcc
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wet ek- Ps omvrsltems lm` Fefc stu`es m t stm fmo
lt t hltus um`r t sprl`emh jlolrlm`l c` t es flptesk
tw ylrs cltr- b td m t mlk a _lkuc- bes altr l` fm l
cudwlrk Orestelm# w clps` emt t alkecy trl`etem a vecclh prest-
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b okpct` ehr som`lry `uoltem# lm` wmt m t lrm
l flobgcirs ghrgg em Lrts# lm` mlccy l klstgrs em _ioelc Xird-
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Mrt Dlrmltldl- bes KL em _oelc Xrd stlm`s ek em h` stl`- Et es mt mcy stu`mts tlt
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mw `rketres,
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prve` sk cp ar t cefrlry lt _LELO_- b l` fm arustrlt` wet t klec srveo
lfut httemh klhlzems lm` pre`eolcs t _LELO_- blca mvr kl` et- Xcc# a ours#
m olm―t turm t h` `otr `wm# s E lhr`, E rkkfr t tlt Hrllk wls
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sufsorefg ti kirg tblm twgmty+vg klhlzemgs lm` pgrei`eolcs air _LELO_- E lk si fcgssg`
t lv fm lsd` t cp# vm em l sklcc wly# ar t olus a t Demh`k,‛
Ark @r- Fucl X`#_LELO_― Vse`mtirmetchest
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_premhEm Afrulry# t olm`c a t lol`keo ylr
es furmemh ti ets mesb- Xetb img clst lrg ia
ets lkg et sgts tbg trggs im rg- Aerst# et es tbgtlffuel- P frlmos eslpplr um`r teod
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_m# t trk m`s lm` t stu`mts lv cat
ar t cmh sukkr ce`lys- Uu turm up t
oecemh alm lm` e`cy wm`r ea t lt es okemh
iaa tbg lkemh huckiblr iutse`g tbg wem`iw- Ets
gry irlmhgs lm` rg`s furm stgl`ecy tecc tbg mgw
trk okkmos em Jum-
Em ftwm ukptm remtltem sssems#
arsrs kly olto ter frlt um`r t
hucklr lt t ormr a t clwm- Et wecc msur
ter hhrlpeo remtltem‐t plvkmt
tr ls t okplss pemts oescc` emt et-
KmsmFckemh lcmhse` t hucklr es t
clfurmuk- Ls t sut+wst kmsm sts em#
yu mteo ets cmh rpy fumos a fcssks
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5?Oist Ditblmur<522+<550
ocur` l rlem+wls`# futtry yccw- Just
ls tm`r lr t arlhec pemds a t olssel
utse` t Okkms# t tr um`r weo es
l cettc qul`rlmhc a stm fmos- Klmy lr
t omvrsltems t olssel ls st` em ets
sl`-
Em`pm`mo @ly oks rum`# lm` et es t
turm a t Lareolm tucep trs‐lo fclzemh
iwgr wetb tbg olploety ia l hii`+sezg` tgloup-
Ets ry p`s kld stut –flts‛ ar t oec`rm
t clumo eklhemlry jurmys-
Xemtr P vmemhs lr meppy mw- P lvmu a tlcc
ord lds cl`emh t Ftlmy us oltos
tbg lttgmteim ia yiur misg- Xbetg iwgrs wetb
cmh# ceolt mods lmhc alo wm truh
t lrd hrm acelh# wlatemh arlhrlmo m
ts plssemh fcw- _klcc wm`r ty lr
olcc` ldlsbl+klccehg# t jlskem a t sdy-
Klmwec# t klhmtl tlffuel spclss
ocur vr t alol` a t Emstetut Fuec`emh
X olmmt wetut ur trs- Py altur em
cumotek lmmumokmts mlrcy vry `ly‐t
vmu a tes ktemh r tlt- Plt es wy# ls t
fuec`emhs olk up m latr lmtr# et wls mt
umusulc ti fg em l rst+iir oclssriik lm` sgg
l clay trtp fresdcy kvemh plst t wem`w-
Vltr tlm f opp` wm# t yumh tr
wls femh trlmspclmt`-
Pr es l slkpehg‐t klhmcel‐arscy
pclmt` ppset t Okkms- Et ls kess`
tbg rst tbrgg gvgmtauc gol`gs ia _LELO_- _tecc#
w dmws m wlt estreo kecstms et kly
yt swr ets feh+yccw fcssk-
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7_uoossDtlmur <557+6>>?
Img Are`ly kirmemh# latgr tbg oustiklry aloucty lm` stlaa prlygr em tbg Aesbgr klm―s Oblpgc#
tbg oblpgc em tbg `ikg# tbg hltbgremh stii` tlcdemh im tbg tgrrlog- Lt tbes tekg tbes wls tbg
mirtbgrm fium`lry ia tbg pripgrty- Ciidemh ivgr tbg plrlpgt img slw pegogs ia clm`# twi+
lm`+l+blca lorgs ti tbg mirtb lm` lmitbgr twi lorgs ti tbg wgst- @r- Migc Jlsim wls tbg lol`gkeo
`glm lt tbes tekg# lm` bg suhhgstg` ti tbg hriup tblt tbgy sbiuc` prly tblt Hi` wiuc` heat tbgk
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Jc Okketts–Uur c` km slcc rlk rlks# lm` yur
yumh km slcc s vesems‛ "Jc 6:62%- Ark
tes txt# t –Jc Okkett‛ td ets mlk- Et
olk emt xestmo em t lrcy <55>s# um`r t
emsperltem a Jm g` Kltsm# l plstr arem`
a @r- Hrllk buhtm ark Kmthkry#
Lclflkl- bc` pre`eolccy# tes wls lm lsskfcy
a aloucty lm` l`kemestrltev stlaa klmt ar
t purps a –temdemh utse` t fx-‛ @r-
E`eorel Memlm rolccs femh plrt a m wec
wls m a t vesetemh a loucty- im tes oolsem#
Olrc buhtm slr` r rlk ar _LELO_-
Xec t klemstrlk mkemltems l` ter
wcc+stlfces` skemlres lm` occhs# t
sklccr lm` mwr strlks wetem t Em`elm
ouro l` mm- _ wes` ar _LELO_ t
stlm` em tes hlp- Pes p s kv` Memlm#
tlt jem` t aloucty aucctek-
_k a t rlks tlt ts okketts
`rlk` lotulcez`- P Ogi Omtr wls
m a tk- Lmtr wls t xtmsem a
t rehemlc prprty fy t purols a tw
l`jememh peos a clm` fem` t Cefrlry lm`
fgyim` tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh- Pbg lacelteim
wetb tbg Wmevgrsety ia Kysirg rgsuctg` arik Jigc
Okkett kkfrs lhremh tlt tes wls t
wly arwlr` t emorlsemh or`efecety em Em`el- P
aloucty vcpkmt prhrlkk stkk` ark
t e`l tlt m wly t emorls t prprtem
a Em`elm mltemlcs lkmh t tloemh stlaa
wls t hrw tk em m―s wm flodylr`‐tlt
es# fy e`mteayemh stu`mts ar trlememh ls autur
aloucty- _k a t lrvst a tes mhemh
prjot w ourrmtcy srv ls aloucty lr @r-
blvecl @lrlkrlj "l` a t plrtkmt a
ic Pstlkmt semo 6>>2% lm` @r- Jm Lrum
Duklr "l` a t plrtkmt a Vcehems semo
6>>1% lm` tes ylr―s otrlt Mehc Ljly Duklr
"`plrtkmt a Pchy%-
51 _LELO_ Pbg Aerst Pberty Uglrs
tbgsg pripgrtegs- Pbg hriup oikkettg` tbg klttgr ti prlygr-
Lrium` tbg slkg tekg# em tbg ke`+―5>s# @grgd Fltts vesetg`
arik Mgw Zglclm`# gmtbuselsteo ti emvgst em pripgrtegs- Pgj
^luc rgolccs biw bg lm` Fltts orlwcg` tbriuhb tbg agmog im
tbg mirtb se`g emti tbg hrivg ia guolcyptus tr ggs- Pbg e`gl wls
ti lotulccy stlm` im tbg hrium` wbecg prlyemh air et- Mit cimh
latgr tbgsg emoe`gmts# em <558# _LELO_ fiuhbt tbg clm` arik
l cimh+stlm`emh mgehbfiur lm` aregm`# P M Dislcrlk- Xbecg
tbg wgstgrm pripgrty wls fuect im lckist ekkg`eltgcy# tbg
mirtbgrm pegog sgrvg` ls lm emtgrek oreodgt gc`- Gvgm wbgm
tbg Aloucty \ul`rlmhcg wls oimstruotg` im et em 6>>># tbgrg
wls stecc gmiuhb riik air bettemh l sex ir twi- Pbg fuec`emh
clfiurgrs# em alot# jiemg` stu`gmts lm` sgrveogs stlaa ti wbecg
lwly tbg gvgmemhs- Xbgm# em 6>>?# wird fghlm im tbg OGI
Ogmtrg tblt miw iooupegs kist ia tbes clm`# tbg oreodgt
arltgrmety wls sirriwauccy `essicvg`- Img ia tbgk rgolccs
biw# latgr tbg Ogmtrg wls oikpcgtg`# tbg airkgr oreodgtgrs
lodmiwcg`hg` tblt tbg fuec`emh wls wgcc wirtb tbg ogsslteim
ia oreodgt-
Xbecg wg rgoir` air tbg sldg ia bestiry tbg hr iwtb ia tbg
pbyseolc lssgts ia tbes emste tuteim# tbg alr kirg ekpirtlmt
stiry wg tgcc es tblt ia tbg pgipcg tbgsg fue c`emhs blvg
biusg`‐wbeob tbes oblptgr sgts iut ti `i- Ls l klttgr ia alot# tbg `g`eolteim pclqugs ia tbgs g
fuec`emhs `goclrg tbg emtgmteim wetb wbeob tbgy wgrg fuect- _i# tbg aicciwemh lcukme stiregs lrg
ocustgrg` looir`emh ti tbg mlkgs ia tbg biusemh fciods tblt olkg up im tbg wgstgrm mhgr ia
clm`‐fciods mlkg` latgr ^ucmgy Lm`y# Xeccelk Keccgr# Mgbgkelb Hirgb lm` ^lm`etl Vlklfle-
_uoossDtlmur <557+6>>?
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P Lwlr`sOk Hrl`ultem lo ylr# l
ocuto a lwlr`s es prsmt`-
_k rwlr` t kretreus#
hlp‐airkemh gvlmhgceolc ipemeim im essugs
lm` gvgmts tblt lrg augccemh tbg mgwsplpgrs-
–_LELO_ pclog` l strimh gkpblses im fgemh
rgcgvlmt#‛ slys Oblrcgs- –_i# sgmsetevety ti tbg
emtgrgsts ia tbg rgl`gr sblpgs tbg oimtgmt ia
Obrestelm Prgm`s ‛ Mi wim`gr rgl grs ia tbes
mggkel Hrg \ul`rupcgx "6>>?%
---wls g`eoltg ---em kgkiry ia Ttbes[ sobiclr lm` lpicihest ia iur aletb# wetb prlygr tblt l cc wbi cevg bgr g wecc fg siemsperg` fy bes cghloy ls ti hevg tbgksgcvgs#kem` lm` bglrt ti kgmtiremh
lm` kesseim+kem`g` sobiclrs rgsts sehmeolmtcy
im tbg airty pgrogmt ia iur stu`gmts wbi
tldg up emugmtelc tglobemh piseteims# et lcsi
iws iut tbriuhb oblmmgcs ls umgxpgotg`
ls tgcgveseim# ls em G`wlr`―s olsg- Bg lttgsts
tblt cglrmemh biw ti blm`cg tbg _orepturg#
emorglsemh sueoe`g rltg- Mgec kl`g rgagrgmog
ti et em bes tlcd# ls bg prgsgmtg` Jgsus ls tbg
uctekltg rgjgotg` img wbi olkg tbriuhb
veotireius cy- Em`gg`# suob pu ttemh iut ia tbg
hispgc em tbg pufceo lrgml lm` `gagm`emh
et lhlemst oblccgmhg es tbg rlesim `―gtrg ia
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<>?_uoogss Ditblmur <557+6>>? <>6 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
suo ls t ^remoeplc―s Lwlr` ar
t Fst KL ^rarklmo lm` t
^remoeplc―s Lwlr` ar t Fst KP
Pses- Lcs em tes olthry es t
_lttelml`lm Lwlr`# hevm t
–t stu`mt w kst xefet`
plemstldemh strevemh ar lol`keo
ekprvkmt-‛ im t mlk a t
lwlr` lmhs l estry-
Em <278# et wls rprt` tus
a t Perumcvce `estreot a Plkec Ml`u: –tr t y lm` lrt---lr hcl``m` fy t seht
a t clrhst# t kst trevemh# lm` t kst prhrssev Orestelm okkumety em Em`el-‛ Lt
Em`pm`mo tes wls t clrhst a t `eoss a t Ouro a _ut Em`el- im a t
Em`elms tlt kl` tes pssefc wls Vv- X P _lttelml`lm# w rs ark rklrdlfcy k`st
irehems ti fg ir`lemg` ls lm Lmhceolm kemestgr em <85>- Wm`gr bes kemestrlteims# gmterg vecclhgs
olk t t alet- Lm xlkpc wls t vecclh a Olmmpltu# weo loquer` s Orestelm l
olrlotr tlt cltr vm ets mlk wls olmh` t Mlzlrt-
itr lwlr`s lr `oe ` fy okkumety vt- Ps lr t Lquecl lm` ^resoeccl Lwlr` hevm t
tbg oiupcg –wbi kist gxgkpceg` plrtmgrsbep em Obrestelm klrrelhg lm` sgrveog em tbg oikkumety#‛
lm` t Ocy` ^lrdr Lwlr` weo es wm ar –xoccmo em lol`keos# ar `kmstrltem a
okkumety speret# lm` ar k`ccemh srvlmt`-‛ im a t rummrs+up t tes lwlr` es t
Qlc`eotrelm a t ylr- Xy t Lkreolm Ocy` lrdr es tus okkkrlt` es tc` lrcer em
tes estry-
Fse`s muremh ts hrl`ultemh# tr es lm lwlr` tlt rohmezs ts w lv hm
far- P Lcukmus a t Ulr es mlk` ar kldemh lm utstlm`emh omtrefutem t ter
plrteouclr gc`-
Obrestelm Prgm`s - Mi wim`gr rgl grs ia tbes
scggd fekimtbcy rgspim` wetb gmtbuselsk: –E
blvg fggm kuob ekprgssg`‐tbg lrteocgs em tbg
klhlzemg `glc wetb gvgry`ly klttgrs-‛
Pbgsg lrg fut l spremdc emh ia stiregs i a
g`uoltirs lm` veseimlregs- _LELO_ lcukme
sblpg tbgiciheolc emstetuteims lm` kesseim
trlememh sobiics# lm` lcsi emugmog klemstrglk
g`uolteim loriss tbg cgmhtb lm` frgl`tb ia
tbg oiumtry- Fgyim` tbg mlteimlc fir`grs#
_LELO_ hrl`ultgs cgl` emstetuteims loriss tbgoimtemgmts# ls tbes oriss+sgoteim sbiws: Plm`e
Vlm`l "6>>?+6>>7% es ourrgmtcy tbg premoeplc
ia _PP Gredsgm+Prett Pbgiciheolc Oiccghg em
Em`imgsel# spglrbgl`emh l kivgkgmt ti trlem
mltevg esoepcg kldgrs air tbes vlstcy Kuscek
oiumtry4 Dgm _trlvgms "<551+<552% es Dgmyl―s
`ergotir air tbg Olkpus Orusl`g air Obrest
oiumtgrplrt olccg` –Pbg Ceag Kemestry‛4 _ekim
^lc "<558+<555% wls sgmt fy _grveog em Kesseim
"_EK% flsg` em _u`lm lm` rgturmg` ti oimtemug
trlmscltemh tbg Ic` Pgstlkgmt emti tbg @emdl
clmhulhg4 lm`# Kisgs Kgjel "hrl`ultg` <557%
wbi glrmg` l @ Kess lt _LE LO_# tglobgs lt tbg
Prlms+ouctur lc _tu`egs Og mtrg em Gc _lc vl`ir-
kem` lm` bglrt# ti kgmtiremh---
Em _remlhlr# <6> Kusceks bl` hltbgrg` tihgtbgr
em l bispetlc oimagrgmog riik- G`wlr` Xeccelks
"6>>1+6>>5% bl` fggm emvetg` ti l``rgss tbgk#
em l prijgot spimsirg`
fy tbg Obrestelm
Fril`olstemh Mgtwird
"OFM% tbriuhb wbeob
bg rghuclrcy fril`olsts-
Oimse`gremh et wls tbg
gvg ia Fldre`# G`wlr`
rgtic` tbg mlrrltevg
ia Lfrlblk―s tgst
aium` em Hgmgses 66- Bg wls olrgauc mit ti mlkg
tbg sim em tbg stiry- Ia oiursg# tbg lu`egmog
wls dggm ti oimtgst tbg e`gmtety ia tbg cl`‐
wbgtbgr et wls Esllo ir Esbklgc- G`wlr` tiid
tbgk fy surpresg fy piemtemh iut tblt tbes wls
l sgoim`lry essug# oimse`gremh tblt tbg fiy bl`
oikg tbriuhb lcevg latgr lcc- Pbg aious sbiuc` fg
rltbgr im tbg sloreog# tbg dgy gcgkgmt ia Fldre`
ogcgfrlteims- Pbes hlvg bek tbg mgogsslry clumob
emti prgsgmtemh Obrest ls tbg uctekltg sloreog-
Xbecg _LELO_― r gputlteim a ir trlememh fefceolc
h p #
lm` rg+cglrmemh biw ti tgcc ets stiregs# lrg
wblt _LELO_ bls e moucoltg` em t bes rgheiml ccy
pipuclr tgcgvlmhgcest-
Fgse`gs sium` sobiclrsbep# lmitbgr lrgl em
wbeob iur lcu kme wlcd em tbg stgps ia Hirgb es
Lpicihgteos-
Lm EEP "Em`elm Emstetutg ia Pgobmi cihy% es img
ia tbg cgss cedgcy pclogs ti olcc em l Obrestelm ti
spgld ls lm lpicihest#
fut tblt es wbgrg Mgec Qeklcduklr "6>>>+
6>>?% aium` beksgca
rgogmtcy- Bg wls
emvetg` fy tbg stu`gmt
sioegty ti hevg l tlcd
im –Aloemh Vgjgoteim
em _ioegty-‛ Mgec bgl`s
tbg Vlve Zloblrels
Emtgrmlteimlc
Kemestregs "VZEK% eveseim air oirpirltg
lm` prgkegr emstetuteims# l kemestry iregmtg`
ti Obrestelm Lpicihgteos- Lt EEP Viurdgg#
Mgec wls `gcehbtg` tblt bg wls hevgm suob l
oir`elc bglremh- Pblt slkg kimtb# Mgwswggd
bl` l stiry tetcg` –@gltb Xesb#‛ rgpirtemh tbg
h h
VZEK- Mgec slys tbg lol`gkeo rehiur lt
_LELO_ pusbg` bek ti sblrpgm bes lmlcyteolc
sdeccs# bimemh tbg rlzir+g`hg bg mgg`s em
lrhukgmtlteim wetb tbgsg rifust kem`s-
Air lm gxlkpcg ia Hirgb+emsperg kgmtiremh
wg kust vese t tbg aii` oiu rt ia l @gcbe klcc#
wbgrg twi yium h kgm# fitb lh g` twgmty+vg#
set ivgr pezzl- Img es rgl`emh lciu` ti tbg
itbgr l plsslhg arik ^beceppelms- Pbg clttgr
es ^becep Gwlm Ulccl "6>>2+6><<%- Bg urhgs
bes rgl`gr# _tgvg# ti fremh gxprgsseim emti
tbg `gcevgry‐^becep
cglrmg` bes bikecgteos
wgcc, ^grblps tb lt es
wby wbgm ^becep bl`
prglobg` lt tbg Mie`l
frlmob ia tbg @gcbe
Fefcg Agcciwsbep
wbgrg bg es emtgrmemh#
_tgvg olkg up lm`
lsdg` ea becep wiuc`
fg bes kgmtir-
Pbgy fghlm kggtemh wggdcy lt tbg klcc- Ls tbgy
tlcdg`# _tgvg fghlm ti ipgm up# gkfic`gmg`
fy ^becep―s olm`e` sblremh- L `ggp emtrivgrt#
oeroukstlmogs bl` cg` bek emti l `iwmwlr`
sperlc- ^becep tluhbt _tgvg tbg flseos bg bl`
cglrmg` em bes Vgsglrob lm` Xretemh _deccs
ki`ucg lt _LELO_‐biw ti rgl` l tgxt si ls
ti e`gmteay tbg –tbgses#‛ lm` tbgm tbg lrhukgmts
suppirtemh tbg tbgses- _tgvg wls si gxoetg` lfiut
ia tbg `rglk-‛ Pbg @gplrtkgmt ia Fefceolc
lm` Pbgiciheolc _tu`egs wls bgl`g` fy
@r- Dgm Hmlmldlm# tbg @gplrtkgmt ia
Vgceheim lm` Oucturg wls ivgrsggm fy @r-
Jibm Pblmme odlc# lm` tbg @gplrtk gmt ia
Oburob lm` Kesseim wls oikkettg` ti @r-
hgmeus ia tbg remoeplc# @r- Elm lymg-
Pbg mlkg Lmteiob wgcc suets tbg `iir ia tbg
bgl` ia tbg `gplrtkgmt ia Kesseicih y - _yrelm
Lmteiob wls wbgrg tbg aicciwgrs ia Obrest
wgrg rs t e`gmteg ` ls Obres telms "L ots <<:61%-
Gvgm kirg sehmeolmt et wls arik bgrg tblt
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<>7_uoogss Ditblmur <557+6>>? <>0 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
rg+`esoivgremh tbg ^lucemg gpestcgs tbes wly
tblt bg lsdg` air kirg tblm tbger semhcg wggdcy
kggtemh- Ls tbg _orepturg slmd `ggpgr emti bes
kem`# _tgvg fghlm ti resg ti tbg oblccgmhgs ia
ceag- Pi gvgryimg―s surpresg# bg hit beksgca l jif
lm` es pgrairkemh surpresemhcy wgcc-
_LELO_ olm tgsteay ti l trl`eteim ia kgmtirsbep
wetbem tbg emstetuteim‐wetbem `gplrtkgmts
tbriuhb iur systgk ia aloucty trlemggsbeps#
wetbem ogcc hriups tbriuhb aloucty l`vesirs#lm` fgtwggm stu`gmts tbriuhb pggr kgmtiremh
plrtmgrsbeps- _klcc wim`gr tbgm tblt stu`gmts
cedg ^becep cglrm tbg ripgs wbecg stecc yiumh-
tg Aloucy \ul`rlhcg "6>>>%
@g`eoltg` wetb tbg prlygr tblt et wecc
aloecetltg tbg _LELO_ alouct y ti fg
orgltevg lm` emmivltevg em upbic`emh
tbg behbgst stlm`lr`s ia tbg bestireolc#
gvlmhgceolc# fefceolc aletb-
Em <521# tbg ki`ucgs iaagrg` lt _LELO_ wgrg
strglkg` emti tbrgg eveseims# glob eveseim
um`gr tbg olrg ia img ia tbg tbrgg –ousti`elms
Hrlblk Biuhbtim- Gvgmtulccy# tbgsg tbrgg
`eaagrgmteltg` aurtbgr emti tbg prgsgmt sgvgm
spgoelcezlteims ipgrltemh iut ia tbg Aloucty
\ul`rlmhcg# wbeob ipgmg` em tbg mgw
keccgmmeuk-
Lhlem# fu ect lcimh tbg cemgs ia tbg klm`lcl #
tbg aloucty iaogs lrg clygrg` emti twi iirs-
Glob iaog ipgms imti tbg vgrlm`lb # wbeob
rums lcimh tbg aiur se`gs lm` fir`grs tbg
ogmtrlc hrlvgccg` hlr`gm- grblps tbg hrggmgry
rgpcgmesbgs tbg ixyhgm mgg`g` ti dggp tbg
priagssirelc kgmtlc klobemgry bukkemh- Pbg
iaogs wgrg mlkg` l hii` gol`g latgr tbgy
wgrg iooup eg`‐lm gxgr oesg ia tbg orglte vg
Gvgm kirg sehmeolmt# et wls arik bgrg tblt
^luc lm` Flrmlfls wgrg oikkesseimg` im
tbg rst kesseimlry jiurmgy "Lots <?:6+?%-
Kesseicihy es tbg gplrtkgmt wetb wbeob
_LELO_ fghlm em <526 um`gr Biuhbtim-
Klmy lrg tbg stu`gmts wbi blvg fghum tbger
kesseimlry jiurmgys arik tbes cious- Pbgy
blvg himg ti pclogs ls eaouct ls Feblr# imog
dmiwm ls tbg –hrlvgylr` ia kesseims‛4 ti
tgrretiry ls rgkitg ls Lrumloblc rl`gsb# tbg
–clm` ia tbg lwm#‛ behb lhlemst tbg fir`grsia Obeml4 ti tbg fustcemh kgtripicesgs ia
tbg klemclm`- Ia tbes `gplrtkgmt―s klmy
emeteltevgs# img es tbg em+biusg lmmulc Kesseim
Oimagrgmog stlrtg` em 6>>?-
Lt tbg bg lrt ia lmy tbgici heolc ems tetuteim
sbiuc` ceg tbg stu`y ia tbg _orepturgs- Pbg
Fefceolc _tu`egs `gplrtkgmt airklccy olkg emti
fgemh um`gr tbg cgl`grsbep ia @r- Luhustemg
^lhicu "Ic` Pgstlkgmt% em <557 lm` wls
strgmhtbgmg` fy tbg lrrevlc ia @r- E`eobgrel
Memlm "Mgw Pgstlkgmt% em <558- Em 6>>1# tbg
`gplrtkgmt wls rgirhlmezg` emti tbg sestgr
`gplrtkgmts ia Mgw Pgstlkgmt ‐bgl`g` fy @r-
Oirmgces Fgmmgkl‐lm` Ic` Pgstlkgmt # um`gr
@r- Jgsu`lsim Fblsdlr Jgylrlj- Pbg img+yglr
^rg+KPb prihrlkkg wls clumobg` lt tbg
clttgr―s emeteltevg# lm` oimtemugs ti prive`g
stu`gmts lm gmvelfcg hrium`emh em tbg fefceolc
clmhulhgs# Bgfrgw lm` Hrggd- Xetb iaogs
mlkg` G`gm lm` ^ltkis # img ekkg`eltgcy
Plkflrlk rgolccs tbg bestireo tber` Xirc`
Kesseimlry Oimagrgmog ia Plkflrlk ia <5?2#
wbeob gvgmtu lccy orglt g` tbg Xirc` Oi umoec
ia Oburobgs- Plkflrlk es tbg iaog ia tbg
`gplrtkgmt bgl` ia Oburob Bestiry # stlrtg`
fy Biuhbtim em <552- Biuhbtim―s rgsglrob
iaagremh Oucturlc Lmtbripicihy lm` Kljir
Vgceheims lm` Oucts- Pbg KPb spgoelcezlteim
em Vgceheims wls l``g` em 6>>2 um`gr @r- Jibm
Lrum D uklr- Et ipg rltgs iu t ia lm iaog
olccg` @lklsous # gvidemh tbg eccukemlteim
ia `ihklteo Ju`lesk fy tbg frehbt cehbt ia
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<>8_uoogss Ditblmur <557+6>>? <>1 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
hgts lm e`gl ia tbg soipg ia tbgsg twi
`gplrtkgmts, Em`gg`# tbg preirety bgrg es ti
pri`uog hrl`ultgs wbi wecc –oirrgotcy blm`cg
tbg wir` ia trutb‛ "6 Pek 6:<7%-
Pbg yglr <552 slw tbrgg `gplrtkgmts airklccy
emluhurltg`- Pbg `gplrtkgmt ia Pbgicihy wls
rg`gsehmg` fy @r- Obrestelm Flrrehlr em <552-
Bg rgpirts tblt tbg ki`gst mukfgr ia blca+l+
`izgm stu`gmts ekkg`eltgcy agcc fy img fgolusg
bg –umairtumltgcy fghlm wetb l oclss im DlrcFlrtb‛, Xetb img ia ets iaogs olccg` Xettgmfgrh #
tbes `gplrtkgmt gvidgs tbg speret ia Klrtem
Cutbgr# wbisg lot ia mlecemh bes cest ia 57
–tbgsgs‛ ir stltgkgmts ti tbg `iir ia tbes oe ty―s
oltbg`rlc fertbg` tbg ^ritgstlmt Vgairklteim-
Pbus# lkimh itbgr tbemhs# tbes `gplrtkgmt sggds
ti oimtrefutg ti gkgrhemh oimtgxtulc tbgicihegs-
Pbes es tbg oimtemuemh gaairt ti sgrvg# ls _l`bu
_um`lr _emhb put et# –tbg wltgr ia ceag em lm
Em`elm oup-‛ _LELO_― oicclfirlteim wetb agcciw+
clfiurgrs em tbg gc` wls strgmhtbgmg` wbgm# em
6><<# tbg Vlve Zloblrels Emtgrmlteimlc Kemestregs
"VZEK% emstetutg` l Obler ia Lpicihgteos em tbes
`gplrtkgmt-
im tbg –Ekpivgresbkgmt ia @gpgm`gmoy‛
urhemh air l sgca+sustlememh lm` em`gpgm`gmt+
tbemdemh Em`elm Oburob rgklems l hilc tluhbt
lt _LELO_-
Em tbg slkg yglr# @r- Obrestipbgr Hmlmldlm
airklccy ipgmg` tbg gplrtkgmt ia ^lstirlc
Pbgicihy lm` Oiumsgccemh - Pbg bgl`―s iaog es
lppripreltgcy mlkg` _yoblr # tbg wgcc lt wbeob
Jgsus kem estgrg` t i tbg `ggp# l m` kuctepc g#
mgg`s ia tbg _lklretlm wiklm "Jibm 0%-
Pbes `gp lrtkgmt b ls l prike mgmt pri cg em
tbg iutput ia tbg _LELO_ ^rgss# wetb fitb
aloucty lm` stu`gmts wretemh air pufceolteim-
Pbus# _ipm l Duklre―s Dmiw tbg _ehms lm` Dggp
im Civemh wls lm KPb tbgses im sueoe`g tblt
wls turmg ` emti l fi id- Aloucty F guclb Xii`
bls oimtrefutg` priceolccy ti twi ia tbg
`gplrtkgmt―s spgoelcezlteims‐bikecgteos lm`
oiumsgccemh‐wetb pufceolteims suob ls Purm
tbg Dgy ti Orgltevety lm` Alkecegs em tbg ^clm ia
Hi` -
Pbg `gplr tkgmt ia Vgceheims wls oimogevg`
lm` ipgrlteimlc arik tbg fghemmemh ls
plrt ia tbg KPb prihrlkkg em Kesseicih y #
Obrestelmety# ls ^luc gmoiumtgrg` Obrest im tbg
ril` ti tblt oety- Xg bglr tbg stu`gmts fghem
tbger oclssgs oblmtemh tbg Cir`―s rlygr em tbg
kgci`eo timgs ia l _lmsdret sbcidl # lm` lrg
rgkem`g` tblt Em`el es tbg orl`cg ia img ia
tbg ic`gst kljir wirc` rgceheims# Bem`uesk-
Vgetgrltemh tbg rgcgvlmog ia tbes gplrtkgmt
es tbg alot tblt Em`el es bikg ti tbg sgoim`
clrhgst pipuclteim ia tbg yiumhgst kljir
wirc` rgc eheim# Es clk- Img ia ets lcuk me# wbi
cglrmg` Lrlfeo lm` spgoelcezg` em Esclk# miw
wirds em E rlm-
Em tbg glrcy stlhgs# wbecg rgse`gmt Em`elm
aloucty prgsgmog emorglsg` hrl`ulccy#
_LELO_ slw l clrhgr tglobemh oimtrefuteim
arik ivgrsgls- L sklcc slkpcemh ia
tbger gxpgregmogs bgcps us sgg _LELO_
tbriuhb tbger gygs- @r- @lve` _bgrfemi ia
Pym`lcg Wmevgr sety Oicc ghg lm` _g kemlry#
Pirimti gxpc lems bes pgrspgot evg tbus: – Ky
um`grstlm`emh ia tbg wirc`we`g oburob es
gxplm`g` Ttbriuhb tglobemh lt _LELO_[-
E hlem mgw emsehbts arik klturg kgm lm`
wikgm wbis g kemestr y oimtgxt es titlc cy
`eaagrgmt arik kemg- E rgturm ti tbg oclssriik
em Pirimti wetb kuob kirg ti oimtrefutg
ti ky stu`gmts tbgrg-‛ @r- Lrtbur Ko^bgg
ia Lsfury Pbgiciheolc _gkemlry# Dgmtuody
oikkgm`s tbg e`gl ia l`jumots: –Hugst
priagssirs hevg tbg stu`gmts fril`gr gxpisurg
` b a e` b e e cc cc
\utlfc \utsBgrg es l pipuclr oiccgoteim ia Biuhbtim+esks-
Ls l olccmh t `rlkemh feh `rlks---
Xy mt9
Xbgrg i yiu wlmt ti fg em vg yglrs9
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lm` tbgrgairg we`gr birezims emtgccgotulccy#
piceteolccy# oucturlccy-‛ Bes oiccglhug @r-
Jibm Iswlc` _ lm`grs slys# –E wls ekp rgssg`
fy tbg veseim ia tbg pclog‐Tgspgoelccy[
tbger hrglt olrg em sgcgotemh stu`gmts- Et―s lcc
rgklrdlfcg-‛ @r- Vifgrt Oicgklm ia Hir`im
Oimwgcc Oiccghg em tbg Wmetg` _tltgs lm`
lutbir ia tbg fgst+sgccemh Pbg Klstgr ^clm ia
_lcvlteim es –ekprgssg` fy tbg oikkim miim
kglc#‛ mitemh biw skiitbcy tbg `evgrsety
ia em`eve`ulcs frgld frgl` tihgtbgr wetbiut
rghlr` air olstg ir oucturg- P bg cltg Flrflrl
Ocgkkims wbi cet up tbg olkpus wetb bgr
oblrk air kirg tblm l `gol`g# sukkg` up
tbg aggcemh ia iur ivgrsgls l`jumots wetb bgr
rgklrd: –Pbg pitgmtelc air kuctepceolteim ia
tbg tglobemh ia sium`
Obrestelm premoepcgs
tbriuhb _LELO_ es
gxoetemh# lm` E lk
pcglsg` ti fg plrt ia
et-‛
Xby lrg tb g aloucty#
wbgtbgr a ucc+tekg
Vles t flr,
Xm E s l s`# E s t lrvst-
@m―t ols tw rlffets---
Ls olutem wec xoutemh ts `rlks---
Mvr ht xoet` tecc t kmy e s em t flmd-
Xltvr et tlds-
Em bes glcemhs wetb bes iaog stlaa---
Xklm# spld up,
Hgt et rehbt tbg rst tekg-
Xklm# E―k lt plo wet yu-
buhtm+esks lv stres lttlo` t tk# lm` m suo es tlt a @r- Ormces Fmmkl# l`
a t plrtkmt a Mw Pstlkmt- b slys:
–Ky iwm oikemh ti _LELO_ bls l bukirius tiuob- E olkg ti Em`el air tbg rst tekg em <551# ti
tlo ar sex kmts lt t Lccllfl` Fefc _kemlry "LF_%- P lek wls t s wtr H`
wlmt` t us k em tcheolc `uoltem- Em Klro <558# tr wls t lmmulc LF_ Flr`
Ktemh a weo @r- Hrllk buhtm wls t olerklm- E l` lr` a ek# fut l` mvr kt
ek- _# wm wls em LF_# E emtr`uo` kysca t ek- E veve`cy rkkfr ek lsdemh k# –_#
Oir# wbgrg i yiu wlmt ti fg em vg yglrs tekg9‛ E rgpceg`# –E im―t dmiw---wbgrgvgr tbg Cir` cgl`s
kg-‛ Imcy kuob cltgr e` E oikg ti m` iut tblt Hrlblk igsm―t cedg tbgsg vlhug lmswgrs# lm`
prgagrs spgoeo imgs- Lmywly# E e`m―t dmiw lt tblt tekg# mir e` Hrlblk# tblt prgoesgcy vg yglrs
cltr# em Kly 6>>6# H` wuc` pclo k em _LELO_,‛
X lr yt t mur t ourrmt premoeplc wet l occotem a ^lym+esks# fut r es l smld
prvew-
Pr es m hlem wetut ^lym,
Ark h` t hrlt,
<>5_uoogss Ditblmur <557+6>>?
ir l`jumot# wbgtbgr mlteimlc ir airgehm#
gmtbuselsteo lfiut puttemh tbger sbiuc`grs ti
tbg _LELO_ wbggc9 Pbg lmswgr cegs em tbg
wir` –emvgst kgmt-‛
Img kirmemh lt oblpgc# tbisg oimhrghltg`
wgrg emtr ehug` ti sgg lt tbg lctlr l iwg rpit
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<<<_uoogss Ditblmur <557+6>>? <<> _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
wetb l yiu mh pclmt- B iuhbtim# w bisg tur m et
wls ti cgl ` tbg `gvitei m# emtgm`g ` et ls tbg
`ly―s ifjgot cgssim- –Xblt i yiu sgg bgrg9‛
bg lsdg` bes lu`egmog- Mimg ia tbg lmswgrs
bg rgogevg` wgrg quetg wblt bg wls cgl`emh
up ti- –L trgg#‛ bg suhhgstg`- –@i yiu sgg l
trgg9‛ Kist sgg wblt tbgrg es 4 agw sgg wblt
tbgrg olm fg - Arik tbg cimh+tgrk emvgstkgmts
pgipcg blvg kl`g# lm` arik tbg lobegvgkgmts
rglcezg` fy ets lcukme# et lppglrs tblt tbg
emstetuteim es `iemh wgcc ls l airgstry mursgry‐
ia pitgmtelc cgl`grsbep-
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1GxogccgmogDtlmur 6>>0+6>>2
Cst lm` Aum` Pes hrm lses ls atm srv` ls l rst ar wlry pechreks- ia ts w lv
tldm ter slfflteolcs r es Klcock KoHrhr# Emtrmltemlc @erotr a _EK
"_rvemh em Kessem%- bes wea Cez tccs t stry:
–^rlps et wlsm―t t wesst temh t `# fut m 6m` Jlmulry# 6>><# m lrrevlc
lt Flmhlcr Lerprt# w jukp` em l tlxe lm` st aa ar _LELO_ wr w
Lcimhse`g l pltb cgl`emh arik tbg Oikkims ti tbg stu`gmts― rgse`gmogs es l sukkletblmhe
ir rgstemh stimg- Ets twi upstlm`emh hrlmetg pists# tbg bgehbt ia l klm# lrg tippg` fy
l sclf- _uob l struoturg es oikkim ti tbg ril`s oimmgotemh tbg vecclhgs# lm` es kglmt
air tbisg olrryemh bgl`+cil`s- Pbgy olm glsg iaa tbg fum`cg ia rgwii`# tbg flcg ia bly ir
tbg flsdgt ia vghgtlfcgs imti tbg sclf# lm` rgst lwbecg um`gr ets sbl`g fgairg kldemh tbger wly
lhlem- _LELO_ wls kglmt ti fg suob l rgstemh pclog air tbisg wbi olkg ti et-
6>>0 klrdg` l sehmeolmt yglr fitb air @r Hrlblk
G cc
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l` rhestr` t ` ur slfflteolc stu`es ar l skstr- P `revr `e wcc
omse remh ur clod a dmwc`h a lmy colc clmhulh lm` t vlhust a
`erotems weo w hlv ek# fut latr sk tek# em arustrltem# em`eolt`
wls cst lm` stpp` t lsd ar cp ark l yumh klm w ekk`eltcy jukp`
emt t armt slt# wcok` us t Em`el# t Flmhlcr# lm` t _LELO_- b wls
hemh reht tr# tc us# folus wls l kkfr a stlaa wrdemh em t
Cefrlry, Lm` s et wls w wr wcok` emt t okkumety a alet lm` clrmemh
tlt es _LELO_-
Ls cl`rs a l clrh kessem rhlmesltem# et wls lm mrkus prevech t f hevm
sikg kimtbs air rgst lm` rggoteim- Xg lrg arik Guripg# wg bl` spgmt lckist
twmty ylrs srvemh em Mehrel lm` gtepel# lm` w l` klmy occlhus lm`
arem`s em Mrt Lkreol- ipprtumetes wr pm t us em klmy pclos# fut em t
m` w os _LELO_- Et wls ehcy rokkm`` t us ls l pclo tlt wcok`
lm` aloecetlt` slfflteolc stu`mts lt pst+hrl`ult cvc-
Ls w cd flod mw# tm ylrs cltr# w lr s tlmdauc tlt w kl` tlt `oesem-
X cv` t quetmss lm` omvmemo a ur cettc lplrtkmt# wr fcss` fy t
fluteauc olkpus# lm` t a` lm` accwsep wr wm`rauc ls t okkumety
hltr` thtr ar klcs- Aloucty hrloeuscy lccw` us t jem ter oclsss# yt
wg lcsi bl` tbg splog lm` tekg air pgrsimlc rgl`emh lm` rggoteim- Xg cglrmg` si
kuo lfut Em`el‐Em`elm estry# pceteos# ouctur# ouro lm` kessems em Em`el-
Fut kist sehmeolmtcy# wg rgkgkfgr tbg aregm`s tblt wg kl`g‐aloucty# stlaa# lm`
stu`mts lced- Xlt l jy et ls fm t accw H`―s cl`emh em ter cevs lm`
kemestry semo hrl`ultem `ly-‛
"Pbg –yiumh klm‛ em qugsteim es ^rlsl` Vli# wbi veve cy rgolccs tbg wbetg
Lkflssl`ir olr tblt stippg` iutse`g bes hltg ls bg gkgrhg` arik bes biusg ti
wlcd ti wird- Bg rgkgkfgrs tbg oiupcg em et wbi bl` fggm `iemh l oerouet ia tbg
vecclhgs air l hii` biur# lm` wgrg hgttemh vgry lmxeius em`gg`- Cez cgt iut l squglc ia
`gcehbt# bg slys# lm` sle l prlygr ia tblmdshevemh strlehbtlwly,%
6>>0 klrdg` l sehmeolmt yglr fitb air @r- Hrlblk
Biuhbtim lm` _LELO_- Latgr mglrcy aiur gol`gs ia
sgrveog em Em`el# ia wbeob twgmty+tbrgg bl` fggm gvitg`
ti tbes emstetuteim# Biuhbtim kl`g prgplrlteims ti rgterg
arik bes ricg ls premoeplc- Bg slw et wls tekg ti glsg iaa
tbg rgspimsefecetegs bg bl` weccemhcy olrreg` tbus alr# lm` cgt
sikgimg gcsg fglr tbg bgl`+cil` wbecg bg rgterg` ti rgst-
Et wls lhrgg` tblt tbg pgrsim air tbg tlsd wls @r- Lsbesb
Obresplc- Xetb l ^b@ arik tbg Wmevgrsety ia Lfgr`ggm#
_oitclm`# lm` blvemh fggm im tbg aloucty ia Wmeim Fefceolc
_gkemlry# umg# bg bl` sgrvg` ls l`jumot aloucty em
_LELO_― gplrtkgmt ia Pbgicihy# lm` ls aucc+tekg aloucty
semog 6>>6- Pbg _LELO_ gtbis fgemh estemot arik itbgr
emstetuteims# Obresplc# ls lm emse`gr# wiuc` scep emti tbg ricg
skiitbcy- Em`gg`# Biuhbtim wls dggm tblt tbg blm`ivgr
sbiuc` fg l hii` gxlkpcg ia trlmseteim ia cgl`grsbep
wetbem Ob restelm i rhlmezlt eims-
Em ir`gr ti aloecetltg l sglkcgss trlmseteim# air l yglr
Obresplc wirdg` em tlm`gk wetb Biuhbtim em tbg piseteim
ia veog+premoeplc- Lcc wgmt ls pclmmg`# lm` em Klrob# 6>>0
Obresplc―s emstlcclteim ls premoeplc wls emtghrltg` emti tbg
hrl`ulteim sgrveog- Biuhbtim airklccy goclrg`# –Xg blvg tbg rehbt klm…wg kl`g tbg rehbt
obieog-‛ Biuhbtim wls lwlr`g` tbg piseteim ia ^remoeplc Gkgretus# lm` rgklemg` tbg Klmlhemh
Prustgg-
GxogccgmogDtlmur 6>>0+6>>2
Ls gkite imlc ls et wls air Bi uhbtim ti
rgcemquesb bes ricg lt _LELO_# bg wls lfcg
ti sgg bes kesseim em pgrspgotevg- –E blvg
lcwlys um`grstii` ky ricg ls lmlcihius ti
solaaic`emh em rgclteimsbep ti l fuec`emh#‛ bg
gxpclemg`- –_olaaic`emh es mgogsslry# fut et es
mit tbg klem tbemh- Lt tbg gm` ia tbg `ly tbg
Lses Oresplc "6>>0+6>>1%
Kglmwbecg#
Obresplc
emluhurltg`
bes tgrk wetb
l fukpgr orip
ia l`kesseims-
ia Kemestry wbeob oltgrg` ti prloteteimgrs
`gserius ia uphrl`emh tbriuhb `estlmog
g`uolteim# lm` tbg ogrteoltg prihrlkkg air
tbg spiusgs ia stu`gmts# rgogevg` l fiist- Pbg
sgrveogs lm` l`kemestrltevg stlaa rgkgkfgr
wetb hrlt etu`g tblt tbger slc lregs slw l
sehmeolmt bedg-
tbg aiygr# wgrg miw ogcgfrltg` em tbg gcghlmt
alm+sblpg` lu`etireuk# wetb ets rip+ourtlem
stlhg lm` smlzzy cehbts- Lhlem# tbes l``g`
ti tbg kivg arik tbg emairklc tiwlr`s tbg
priagsseimlc- Air fgttgr ir air wirsg# tbg
emstetuteim wls cglvemh fgbem` tbg lys wbgm
stu`gmts orgltevgcy –klmlhg`‛ wetb wbltgvgr
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<<8Gxogccgmog Ditblmur 6>>0+6>>2 <<1 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
solaaic`emh kust fg rgkivg` lm` tbgm tbg
fgluty ia tbg fuec`emh oikgs emti vegw- Olric
lm` E `grevg l hrglt lkiumt ia pcglsurg lm`
sehmeolmog arik wblt bls fggm looikpcesbg`
fy Hi`―s hrlog- Ifveiuscy tbgrg wecc miw
fg sikg oblmhgs# fut iur prlygr es tblt @r-
Obresplc lm` tbg tglk bgrg wecc `i gvgm
hrgltgr tbemhs air tbg hciry ia Hi` em tbg `lys
lbgl`-‛
Pbg Biuh btims rgc ioltg` ti M gw Zglclm`#
oikemh flod imog l yglr air Biuhbtim ti
oimtemug tglobemh bes ki`ucg im Cgl`grsbep#
lm` ti lttgm` Filr` kggtemhs- Aurtbgr#
Biuhbtim oimtemug` bes ricg ia klmy cimh
yglrs ls aum`rlesgr- Pbg clst fuec`emh prijgot
bg bl` emeteltg` wls lm emoikg+hgmgrltemh
oimagrgmog ogmtrg‐tbg Oimtemuemh G`uolteim
Ippirtumety "OGI% Ogmtrg‐fuect im img
se`g ia tbg _LELO_ pripgrty- Lplrt arik
_LELO_ emtgrgsts# bes ceag ccg` up wetb mgw
oikketkgmts# lkimh tbgk# tglobemh lt tbg
^gdemh Wmevgrsety em Fgejemh# Obeml-
Lcsi# lkimh
aloucty mgwcy
lppiemtg` wls
tbg Lol`gkeo
@glm @r-
_udbwlmt _emhb Fbltel- Pbg mgw cgl`grsbep
agct tblt l mukfgr ia oblmhgs urhgmtcy
mgg`g` ekpcgkgmtemh# fitb lol`gkeolccy lm`
l`kemestrltevgcy- Looir`emh ti tbg Luhust#
6>>0 ^remoeplc―s Vgpirt# Obresplc―s stltg` hilc wls –fgttg r tglk klml hgkgmt# s trglkcem emh
tbg lol`gkeo ceag-‛
Ls bg lm` F bltel wirdg` tihgtbgr tiwlr`
tbgsg stltg` hilcs# mgw systgks lm` priogssgs
wgrg put e mti pclog: arik uph rl`emh iao g
oikputgrs ti strglkcememh tbg l`kesseims
priogss4 arik emstlccemh we+ ti rgstruoturemh
stu`gmt ogcc hriups lm`# arik upsdeccemh
sgorgtlregs ti emtri`uoemh imhiemh
`gvgcipkgmt tbriuhb wirdsbips- Pbgsg wgrg
yglrs ia rgstruoturemh- Air tbg rst tekg#
tbrgg+yglr lm` vg+yglr+pclms wgrg cle` iut#
sgttemh hilcs air tbg gplrtkgmts lm` tbg
emstetuteim- rihrlkkgs suob ls tbg @iotir
h
Pbg oblmhg s wgrg wgcc +emtgmtei mg`# lm` bgcp g`
ti hevg tbg emstetuteim l cglmgr lm` ttgr sblpg-
Air gxlkpcg# kivemh tbg stlrt ia tbg `lecy
kirmemh oblpgc flod fy vg kemutgs# si tblt
et stlrtg` lt 2-67 rltbgr tblm 2-?> lk# bgcpg`
fuaagr cimhgr sgrkims lm` hgt oclssgs stlrtg`
im tekg- Biwgvgr# air gxlkpcg# mit gvgryfi`y
oiuc` lpprgoeltg wby sikg ia tbg hrlmetg+
plvg` clmgs# si kuob plrt ia tbg lrobetgoturlc
gtbis# wgrg rgpclog` wetb lspblct- Xbecg tbg
emstetuteim wls fgemh gxgroesg` emti l mgw
sblpg# tbg rehiur kly blvg fggm tii kuob
tii queod# lm` sikg ia tbg lgrifeos gvgm
`gtrekgmtlc ti ets oimstetuteim-
Lkimh tbg blppy gvgmts ia tbes pgr ei` wls
tbg emluhurlteim ia tbg oimagrgmog ogmtrg- Em
Luhust 6>>7 # tbg OGI Ogm trg wls oik pcgtg`
lm` g`eoltg` ls l vgmug air sgkemlrs#
oimagrgmogs# lm` itbgr hltbgremhs- Xetb tbg
oikkumety hriwemh em mukfgrs# ets hltbgremhs
wgrg miw bgc ` bgrg- Args bgrs― lm` Oucturlc
Mehbts# wbeob usg` ti fg looikki`ltg` em
y h
wls lvleclfcg-
Kglmwbecg# Fbltel wls ekpcgkgmtemh oblmhgs-
Obresplc sle`# –E bl` ti rgcioltg sikg stlaa#
rgirhlmesg sikg gplrtkgmts-‛ Bg gxpclems
tblt tbes recg` up gkiteims# fut bg agct bg bl`
tbg rehbt ti `i tbes- Xetb tbes# l hlp airkg`
lm` hrl`ulccy we`gmg` wetbem tbg tglk-
6>>1+6>>8 wls tbg tber` ia Obresplc―s yglrs lt
tbg bgck- Em tbg cehbt ia tbg imhiemh areoteim#
l oblem ia gvgmts hlemg` trloteim# rgsuctemh
em tbg rgsehmlteims ia Obresplc lm` Fbltel
ke`wly tbriuhb tbg lol`gkeo yglr- Lt tbg
trustggs― emvetlteim# Obresplc –rgl` ti tbgk
l vg+plhg plpgr gxpclememh tbg `eaouctegs
ia trlmseteim‛: –…oblmhgs wgrg emgvetlfcg
lm` wetb tbgk olkg tbg oblccgmhgs lm`
bglrtlobgs-‛ Bg agct tbgrg wgrg em _LELO_
–ogrtlem klmlhgrelc lm` l`kemestrltevg
stycgs tblt wgrg mit oim`uoevg ti cimh+tgrk
sustlemlfecety#‛ lm` bg lm` Fbltel treg` ti kldg
oirrgoteims- Fut# et lppglrs# tbgy oiuc` mit
tldg tbg tglk wetb tbgk- Pbgrgairg# Obresplc
cimh yglrs ia tglobemh gxpgregmog lt tbg Wmeim
Fefceolc _gkemlry# umg# Brlmhdbukl olkg
ti _LELO_ em 6>><- Pbg Filr` ia Prustggs
rgqugstg` bek ti fg emtgrek premoeplc# tecc
l pgrklmgmt sicuteim oiuc` fg aium`- Bg
lhrgg`# bipemh et wiuc` mit tldg tbgk cimh-
Ls et bl ppgmg`# et tiid twi yglr s- Ivgr
Ourreoucuk gvgcipkgmt rgogevg` mgw
ekpgtus- Pbg Ic` Pgstlkgmt gplrtkgmt
emtri`uog` tbg prg+KPb prihrlkkg# wbeob
bgcpg` ti ekprivg tbg qulcety ia emtldg
emti ets KPb- Ls tbg setulteim stlfecezg`#
@r- Flfu Ekklmugc ia tbg Mgw Pgstlkgmt
`gplrtkgmt wls lppiemtg` lol`gkeo glm-
LPL loorg`et lteim wls r gmgwg` Gvgmt ulccy
stltg ia Dgrlcl-
Cltgr# em bes
mltevg Mgw
Zglclm`# bg
trlemg` ti fg lm
lrobetgot lm`
wirdg` ls img-
sgmsg` tbg blm` ia Hi`# lm` loogptg`- Em
Klrob 6>>2# lt Hrl`ulteim# tbg fltim plssg`
emti bes blm`s- Pbg sgrveogs stlaa rgkgkfgrg`
bek ls lm laalfcg stu`gmt- Pbg l`kemestrltevg
stlaa lm` aloucty rgolccg` bek ls l wirtby
lol`gkeo lm` lkelfcg oiccglhug- Lm` si# l
mgw pblsg fghlm-
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<<5Gxogccgmog Ditblmur 6>>0+6>>2 <<2 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
writg tblt bg rgse hmg` fgolus g ia oclsbgs
lm` –clod ia oiipgrlteim-‛ Bg sle` bg spgmt
–tbg plst twi yglrs fgemh rlemg` fy pgtty
essugs-‛ Xetb hrglt hrlog# bg sekuctlmgiuscy
gxprgssg` bes weccemhmgss ti oimtemug tglobemh
lt _LELO_-
Xetb tbes# _LELO_ lm` tb g twi kgm plr tg`
wlys- @uremh tbes tek g# lmitbgr ippirtu mety
olkg up air bek wetb Ivgrsgls Oiumoec
Emtgrmlteimlc# lm` Obresplc kivg` im-
Biwgvgr# bes rgclteimsbep wetb _LELO_ e`
mit gm`# lm` wg wecc oikg ti tblt cltgr-
Alle brlhdukl "6>>1+6>>2%
Pbg mgg` i a t bg biur wls l klm wbi oi uc`
–stlm` em tbg hlp‛ orgltg` fy tbg `gplrturg
ia tbg premoeplc lm` lol`gkeo glm- @r- Almle
Brlmhdbukl wls iatgm aim`cy rgagrrg` ti ls
tbg –pltrelrob‛ ia _LELO_- Xetb l b@ arik
tbg Auccgr Pbgiciheolc _gkemlry# W_L# lm`
tbes tekg Brlmhdbukl wls oimrkg` ls
premoeplc pripgr- grblps tbg kist vlculfcg
oimtrefuteim bg kl`g wls ti bic` tbg
emstetuteim tihgtbgr lt tbes oreteolc tekg-
Em`gg`# bes frega wls ti dggp tbg pglog- Ugt#
bg agct tblt lm emstetuteim oiuc` mit trgl`
wltgr air tii cimh wetbiut s uooukfem h ti
altehug- _i# cettcg fy cettcg# bg kivg` _LELO_
airwlr`- Pbg tglk wls rgoimstruotg`#
lm` l`kemestrlteim gogmtrlcezg`- Xetbtbes# tbg vlreius gplrtkgmts aium` l mgw
em`gpgm`gmog lm` fghlm ti tbrevg- Em l``eteim
ti tbger rghuclr rgspimsefecetegs# tbg gplrtkgmt
bgl`s sblrg`
tbg tlsds ia tbg
lol`gkeo `glm-
L tlmhefcg sgmsg
ia tglkwird
gkgrhg`‐
aloucty lm` stlaa
um`grstii` lm`
gmjiyg` wblt
et kglmt ti fg
–oi+clfiurgrs-‛
LPL loorg`et lteim wls r gmgwg`- Gvgmt ulccy#
_LELO_ olkg tbriuhb tbg stirk- Em
rgtrispgot# aloucty rgklrdg` tblt gvgm lt tbg
wirst pgr ei`# tbg oi kkumety wls oimtlemg`
wetbem tbg sgrgmety ia tbg gyg ia tbg stir k-
Img ia tbg clst gvgmts ia mitg `uremh tbes
pgrei` wls lm larklteim ia l systgk tblt
bl` fggm em pclog arik tbg fghemmemh- Em 6>>2#
tbg Bikg Kemestry lt @gcbe sgmt lu`etirs
ti `gtgrkemg ea _LELO_ wls rgpirtemh lm`blm`cemh tbger aum`s looir`emh ti hivgrmkgmt
rghuclteims- Fghemmemh lt <527# tbgy obgodg`
lcc tbg fiids# kivemh tbriuhb olpetlc lssgts#
clm` puroblsgs em _LELO_― mlkg# lm`
oimstruoteim rgoir`s- Lcc wls em ir`gr lm`
tbgy wgrg wgcc sltesg`- Ls Oblerpgrsim @r-
L J Lmlm`lm wiuc` rgp irt# –Pb gy olkg# tb gy
slw# lm` wg oimqugrg`-‛
El lyg "6>>2+ %
Ls tbg sg lrob air p remoeplc hltbgrg` stglk#
tbg mlkg ia @r- Elm ^lymg aium` etsgca im tbg
sbirt cest- Pbg obec` ia kesseimlry plrgmts#
^lymg bl` spgmt bes obec`bii` em tbg siutbgrm
Bglremh tbg
olcc ti fuec` tbg
oburob rltbgr
tblm oburob
fuec`emhs# bg tiid up tbgiciheolc g`uolteim-
Air tbg Klstgrs# bg rgturmg` ti Em`el# lm`
hlemg` lm KPb em Pbgicihy arik _LELO_-
Arik bgrg bg wgmt im ti `iotirlc stu`egs em
Lfgr`ggm# _oitclm`# wb ecg stec c tglobemh lt_LELO_- Cltgr# bg rgturmg` ti Mgw Zglclm`
lm` tiid up gkpciykgmt ls tbg premoeplc ia
^ltbwlys Oiccghg ia Fefcg lm` Kesseim em
Luodclm`-
Xbgm em 6>>2 bg bglr` tb lt tbg _LE LO_
Prust wls oimse`gre mh bek ai r tbg pis eteim
ia premoeplc# –bg wls quetg lstium`g`-‛
–_biuc`m―t yiu fg ciidemh air lm Em`elm9‛
^lymg lsdg`-
–Xg wecc kldg iur obieog im kgret#‛ rgpceg`
Oblerpgrsim Lmlm`lm# –mit im rgheim ir
clmhulhg-‛ Xbgm lsdg` lhlem l yglr cltgr#
^lymg rgoimse`grg` bes emetelc rgcuotlmog#
Lkimh tbg gvgmts ia ^lymg―s rst ag w
kimtbs em cgl`grsbep wls Obresplc―s cgttgr
ti tbg trustggs gxprgssemh bes `gserg air
rgoimoecelteim- _LELO_― 6>>2 Lmmulc Vgvegw
lm` Lu`et pufcesbg` l plrlhrlpb gsorefemh
wblt blppg mg`:
–Vgogmtcy @r- Lsbesb Obresplc# remoeplc ia
_LELO_ arik 6>>0+6>>1# lsdg` ti spgld
ti tbg oikkumety lt _LELO_- _i im << tb
_gptgkfgr# klmy iaog stlaa# hlr`gmgrs#
aloucty# stu`gmts# lm` trustggs "emocu`emh tbg
aium`emh premoeplc lm` oblerklm ia tbg Prust%
hltbgrg` em tbg Oblpgc- @r- Obresplc sle`#
‒@uremh ky tgmurg ls tbg premoeplc ia _LELO_
lm` tbg gvgmts surrium`emh ky rgsehmlteim
sikg lspgots blvg olusg` plem ti sikg aloucty
lm` stu`gmts- E loogpt tbg rgspimsefecety lm`
lpicihezg air tbes ls wg mgg` ti rgoimoecg air
tbg hciry ia iur Cir` lm` Klstgr Jgsus Obrest-
Wctekltgcy tbes ceag es trlmsetiry lm` wg olmmit
dggp cimh looiumts- Lcsi# iur Cir` olccs us ti
aicciw bek ls airhevgm lm` airhevemh esoepcgs-
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<6<Gxogccgmog Ditblmur 6>>0+6>>2 <6> _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
_LELO_ bls l oruoelc ricg ti pcly em fuec`emh
up tbg cgl`grsbep air tbg fi`y ia Jgsus Obrest
em Em`el lm` wg mgg` ti stlm` tihgtbgr air Bes
Demh`ik oimogrms-―
–Pbg premoeplc rgspim`g`# loogptemh tbg
lpicihy lm` larkemh @r- Obresplc―s oiurlhg
lm` aletbaucmgss- Bg gxprgssg` lpprgoelteim
lcsi tblt @r- Obresplc es imltemh bes
pgrsimlc cefrlry ti _LELO_- ‒Pbg ioolseim
bls fggm l wim`grauc gxlkpcg#― @r- ^lymg
sle`- ‒Vgoimoecelteim es plrt ia Obrestelm ceag
lm` esoepcgsbep-― Latgr l ocisemh prlygr# tbg
oikkumety sblrg` l spgoelc latgrmiim tgl-‛
Em l flodwlr` ciid lt tbg kikgmt# ^lymg
ifsgrvgs# –Xg blvg cglrmg` biw ti kldg l
pufceo lpicihy# lm` wg―vg cglrmg` biw ti
rgogevg img‐wetb ipgmmgss lm` airhevgmgss-‛
_peretulc airklteim oclss kg`etltemh im
Jgrgkelb <2
333
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8PglkwirdDtlmur 6>>5+6><6
Fgtwggm tbg Oikkims lm` tbg Oblpgc ia tbg Vgsurrgoteim tbgrg usg` ti fg l olotus hlr`gm-
Pbes es img ia tbisg agltur gs tblt iur hlr`gmgrs olm put tihgtbgr em l `ly- Pbgy cly l pclsteo
hrium` sbggt ivgr tbg obisgm lrgl# out iut bicgs em et lt sgcgotg` piemts# pecg tihgtbgr l
oiupcg ia fiuc`grs ti sgr vg ls l aiolc piemt# semd tbg pittg` pclmts emti tbg bicgs# lm` oivgr ivgr tbg
pclsteo wetb lm emob ir twi ia hrlvgc-
Vgogmtcy# tbg olotus hlr`gm rgogevg` l kldgivgr# stlrtemh wetb tbg vgry hrium` sbggt# wbeob wls
rgpclog` wetb cimh+cglvg` orlf hrlss- Pbg olote `eslppglrg`
lm` tbg cecy pim`s wgrg gmclrhg` ^gtgr tbg hlr`gmgr‐tbgrgPglkwird
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lm` tbg cecy pim`s wgrg gmclrhg`- ^gtgr# tbg hlr`gmgr‐tbgrg
lrg twi ia tbgk# fefceolccy rgagrrg` ti ls Aerst lm` _goim`
^gtgr‐gxpclems tbg oblmhgs- Xetb tbg mukfgr ia olkpus
obec`rgm stgl`ecy emorglsemh# tbgrg wls tbg `lmhgr tblt sikg
olrgcgss imgs kehbt rgogevg looe`gmtlc loupumoturg- Fgse`gs#
sikg obec`rgm wgrg wbecemh lwly tekg fy emhemh tbg hrlvgc
emti tbg cecy pim`s# cetgrlccy hevemh tbg iwgrs l blr` tekg-
Fitb olote lm` hrlvgc bl` ti hi- Pekgs oblmhg lm` hlr`gms
kust dggp em stgp-
Im l kuob clrhgr olmvls# tbg tekgs lrg oblmhemh em Em`el- Em
tbger Jucy 6><< essug# Obrestelmety Pi`ly olrreg` l stiry olccg`
–Em`el―s Hrlssriits Vgvevlc-‛ Oetemh tbg umequg kgtbi`s put
emti loteim fy oriss+oucturlc Em`elm kesseimlregs# et ocisgs wetb
tbes quitg: –Pi`ly# fril` goimikeo lm` oucturlc rgairks lrg
swggpemh Em`elm oetegs# lm` vecclhgs aggc tbg speret ia oblmhg-
Em`elms lrg obiisemh mgw wlys ia ceag‐lm` klmy kirg lrg
gkfrloemh tbg hispgc lm` aicciwemh Obrest- Vgsglrobgrs lhrgg
tblt Em`el bls kirg Obrestelms miw tblm lt lmy itbgr tekg em
ets 0#>>>+yglr bestiry-‛
Xetb tbgsg wem`s ia oblmhg fciwemh# _LELO_ kust lttgm` ti‐mit imcy ets hlr`gm hrium` sbggts#
fut‐suob rgvevlcs# ea mit peimggr tbgk- @r- Elm ^lymg# lttgmtevg ti tbg pucsg ia wblt es blppgmemh#
bic`s iut l fic` hilc air tbg Emstetutg―s auturg: –Hiemh arik hii` ti hrglt-‛ Em tbg 62 tb Lmmulc
Vgpirt lm` Lu`et 6>>5+6><># bg lodmiwcg`hgs tblt suob l purpisg –emvicvgs oimstlmt ekprivgkgmt-
PglkwirdDtlmur: 6>>5+6><6
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<61 <68Pglkwird Ditblmur 6>>5+6><6 Pglkwird Ditblmur 6>>5+6><6
Iur veseim es ti fg l wirc`+oclss pisthrl`ultg
tbgiciheolc emstetuteim em _iutb Lsel# hrgltcy
sgrvemh tbg kesseim ia tbg Oburob ia Obrest
hciflccy-‛
Em wblt wlys `igs _LELO_ prgplrg ets stu`gmts
ti sgrvg tbg mlteim lm` tbg hciflc oburob9 Ivgr
tbgsg tbrgg `gol`gs# tbgrg lrg sikg gcgkgmts
tblt wg blvg olrgauccy hulr`g` lhlemst oblmhg-
Pbus# tbg kldgivgr air tbg hlr`gm wls `img
fy tglkwird# lm` tbg gm` pri`uot wls just ls
lgstbgteolccy pcglsemh ls ets prg`gogssir- Itbgr
gcgkgmts blvg l`lptg` ti tbg oblmhemh setulteims
lm` mgg`s‐tbus# tbg hrlvgc kldgs wly air hrlss-
Xg olm oltlcihug tbg `estemotevg gcgkgmts ia tbg
_LELO_ –speret ia pclog‛‐ets gtbis-
Gqulcey
–Blvg yiu kgt tbg bgl` hlr`gmgr9‛ @r- Hrlblk
Biuhbtim wiuc` lsd stu`gmts- Im _ltur`lys#
img olkg loriss tbes plrteouclr hlr`gmgr# `rgssg`
em `lrd fcug jglms lm` smgldgrs# oikpcgtg wetb
hihhcgs lm` hlr`gm sbglrs- Bg wiuc` kldg bes
wggdcy rium` ia tbg olkpus# trekkemh l bg`hg
bgrg# prumemh flod l risg fusb tbgrg- Lt itbgr
tekgs# Biuhbtim tbg hlr`gmgr oiuc` fg aium` lt
tbg Oikkims# fuodgtemh iut tbg irhlmeo wlstg
emti tbg oikpist pets# ir `iwm im bes dmggs
umocihhemh l `rlem-
Gqulcety es l Obrestelm `gklm` _LELO_ tldgs
sgreiuscy- Xg emtgmteimlccy l``rgss iursgcvgs
ti tbg klttgr ia olstg lm` oclss# tbg flmg ia
tbg Em`elm oikkumety- Pbus# air gxlkpcg# em l
oiumtry wbgrg tbg ciwgr olstgs kly mit `rlw
wltgr arik lm uppgr olstg wgcc# tbg wbic g
_LELO_ oikkumety glts ets kglcs tihgtbgr-
–Xg mirklccy wiuc`m―t obiisg l jif tblt
rgquergs us ti wlsb tbg tiecgts#‛ oimagssgs
Oblm`rl tbg ocglmemh cl`y# rgagrremh ti l olstg+
rgcltg` tlsd- Lt _LELO_ tbgy blvg cglrmg` tbg
6>>5‐Jiemt aloucty# stlaa lm` sgrveogs stlaa rgtrglt+ rst gvgr,
Oclm lm` Hrm Ju`etb ^lymg# weag ia tbg ourrgmt premoeplc# rgolccs
tbg fghemmemhs ia _LELO_― wlstg klmlhgkgmt
systgk:
Em <55?# w olk t _LELO_- Elm wls hemh t `
t KP r- X olk ls l alkecy wet ur tr
`luhtrs- Py stu`e` wet t Mw Zlclm`
Orrspm`mo _oc# lm` t ourreoucuk
omtlem` klmy prloteolc lm` orltev prjots-
`ehmety ia clfiur# lm` gmjiy tbg rgspgot hevgm
gqulccy ti lcc-
Cglreh
_tu`yemh ti sbiw imgsgca l wirdklm lpprivg`
umti Hi` stlrts lt tbg hltg ia _LELO_- Im
rgqugst# Lmlm` tbg wltobklm wecc rgl` yiu
tbg emsorepteims im tbg fiuc`gr lt tbg hltg- @r-
Jibm Lr m D klr tbg o rrgmt bgl` ia tbg
tbiuhbt- Pbg lotevety es mgetbgr lol`gkeos air
lol`gkeos― sldg mir l espcly ia img+upklmsbep-
Et es si tblt stu`gmts wecc cglrm ti civg tbg CIV@
wetb tbger emtgccgot# lm` –fg prgplrg ti hevg lm
lmswgr ti gvgryimg wbi lsds Ttbgk[ ti hevg tbg
rglsim air tbg bipg tblt Ttbgy[ blvg "< gt- ?:<7%-‛
Gxogccgog
Pbg ocglmemh cl`egs wecc mgvgr airhgt tbg yglr
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Lt m stlh t hercs e` l prjot m t
mvermkmt- Py os t ehceht t
l`vlmtlhs a royocemh ls l klms a olremh ar
t mvermkmt- Lt tes tek# _LELO_ wls puttemh
lcc t a` wlst emt l clrh hrum` pet- bwvr#
rhlr`css a Olrc buhtm―s xrtltems#
gvgrytbemh gcsg wls lcsi m`emh ets wly emti tbg pet
ls wcc‐pclsteo flhs femh t wrst aam`rs-
P hercs kl` uh olr`flr` l`vrteskmts
em t p tlt stu`mts wuc` s tlt ortlemetgks oiuc` fg rgusg` ir sic` lm` fgmgt fitb
t prsm lm` okkumety- imo# lt cumotek#
t tr hercs mtr` t Okkms lm` plrl``
ter l`vrtesemh far t stu mts- Py
mourlh` t okkumety t temd lfut wlt
ty wr trwemh emt t pet lm` t kld sur
tlt ty wr femh rspmsefc wet ter wlst
`espslc-
gvm t`ly# w stecc m` suo orltev
lpprlos em r`r t kld ur okkumety
kr lwlr a royocemh lm` klmlhemh ur wlst
rspmsefcy# stlrtemh lt k# s tlt vrym
fgmgts- Xg blvg oiciur oi`g` fems em gvgry
lplrtkmt ar shrhltemh plrteouclr etks emt#
lm` lv lecy occotems-
Uu mcy m` t wlcd em truh t hlts t s
w –oclm lm` hrm‛ t olkpus es,
Jibm Lrum Duklr# tbg ourrgmt bgl` ia tbg
Vgceheims `gplrtkgmt# fiuhbt bek l fecemhulc
fiid fy wbeob ti cglrm tbg flseos ia tbg Gmhcesb
clmhulhg em tberty `lys- Pbes cg` ti Fefcg stu`egs
lm` aurtbgr Gmhcesb cgssims- Lmlm` rgolccs tblt
ls Biuhbtim wlcdg` fy bg wiuc` obgod im bes
rgceheius g`uolteim wetb queod qugsteims# ti
wbeob Lmlm` wiuc` sbiut iut lmswgrs‐l sirt
ia oltgobesk im tbg rum,
Lol`gkeos lrg lm emtghrlc oikpimgmt ia tbg
_LELO_ gtbis- Pbg oclssriik ler rgsium`s wetb
tbg flod+lm`+airtb fgtwggm aloucty lm` stu`gmts#
tbg stimg fgmobgs um`gr tbg trggs blvg firmg tbg
wgehbt ia klmy l tbgiciheolc `gfltg# gvgm kglc
tekgs fgoikg pricimhg` ls img tlfcg ir lmitbgr
sgrvgs etsgca lm l``eteimlc oiursg ia aii`+air+
Pbg ocglmemh cl`egs wecc mgvgr airhgt tbg yglr
tbger lmmulc vg pgrogmt emorgkgmt wls wetbbgc`
fgolusg img ia tbgk bl` cgat tbg oclssriik
wem`iws ipgmg` lt tbg gm` ia tbg `ly- Im
tbg itbgr blm`# _ukltbe Luhustemg# wbi wls
klmlhgr ia tbg Oikkims# tiid l siatgr cemg-
_bg wiuc` hgmtcy rgpreklm` tbg cl`egs ea tbger
kips `e` mit emvgstehltg `lrd oirmgrs# hevemh
tbgk l fefceolc rglsim wby tbgy sbiuc` `i
tbger wird wgcc- Hcirel Jlsim# weag ia lm glrcy
lol`gkeo `glm lm` olkpus klmlhgr# wiuc`
oljicg qulcety wird iut ia tbg ocglmemh cl`egs
wetb –swggt‛ rgwlr`s-
Arik tbg wirdgrs ti tbg aloucty# tbg wltobwir`
bls lcwlys fggm –gxogccgmog-‛ Klmy lm lcukmus
bls fggm klrdg` fy et- –Et sbiws tblt yiu lrg l
hrl`ultg ia _LELO_#‛ pgipcg sle` lpprgoeltevgcy
ia Vglobgr Xeccelks# l h rl`ultg lm` wirdgr em
Olkfi`el- Klmy lm irhlmezlteim bls sggm etsgca
trlmsairkg` fy rgturmemh gkpciyggs- –Uiu―vg
orgltg` l _LELO_ bgrg,‛ tbgy sle`# wbgm
Klmesgcve lm` ^rlfbldlrl _lrltby rgstruoturg`
tbger irhlmezlteim―s kesseims trlememh sobiic
_iclr wltgr bgltemh# wltgr trgltkgmt pclmt
lm` wlstg klmlhgkgmt systgk dggp _LELO_
gmverimkgmtlccy oimsoeius-
333
P @frklm―s@vtemDslvl Kurty# t omtrlotr# hlv _LELO_
mesbg` fuec emhs- Em l``eteim# bg hlvg et l
`frklm puppy- Mf`y lppce` tkscvs t
hevemh et l mlk tecc _lkuc Vlylm# t wltoklm#
lppce` es kem` t et- @pcy kv` fy t Are ly
meht kve w lssuk mlk` t lmeklc
Lmlm` tbg wltobklm tgccs ia tbg mehbt wbgm bes
weag wls em clfiur- Pbgsg wgrg tbg `lys wbgm
trlmspirt wls ceketg`- Pbg lol`gkeo `glm# @r-
Luhustemg ^lhicu# friuhbt lcimh bes frlm`
mgw Aelt# agrreg` bgr ti tbg ciolc bispetlc# lm`
wletg` tecc tbg flfy wls `gcevgrg` slagcy# wgcc plst
ke`mehbt- Im bes rst Obrestkls tbg cettcg img
wiuc` rgogevg l heat# ls lcc itbgr sgrveogs stlaa
obec`rgm `e` yglr latgr yglr- Fclmdgts sobiic
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<?> <?<Pglkwird Ditblmur 6>>5+6><6 Pglkwird Ditblmur 6>>5+6><6
meht kve# w lssuk# mlk` t lmeklc
latr t r a Petlmeo- _# t `frklm olk
t hcry em t mlk a –Jlod-‛
Et hrw emt lm l`uct a umpr`eotlfc tkprlkmt-
Ets `frklm+cy cds `e mt emsper kuo
oim`gmog em kist‐gspgoelccy mit em Mehgc Ljly
Duklr- b wls lt tes tek lm KL stu`mt# lm` lt
m tek l cvr a olmems- Jlod us` t f te` up
lcc `ly lt t hltus# lm` ct cs t rlk t
olkpus lt meht-
glrcy m krmemh# Mehc krh` ark es rk em
t Km―s Vse mo blcc- b emtm`` t tld es
`gviteims im tbg rst iir stgps ia tblt fuec emh#
weo cd ut m t pclslmt prspot a t
clwm- _ttcemh `wm# mt` l fclod fcto em t
alr `estlmo um`r t pro a t Cefrlry lt t
tr m` a t clwm- _kwr em t flod a
es kem` mt` tlt Jlod wls stecc cs-
Far ouc sly –^slcks‛ "r wltvr et wls
tlt wls k`etltemh m%# t orltur l` tldm
t cmht a t clwm em cmh# cs+cekf` clps-
Et fum`` up t stlers# lm` plmt` up twlr`s
Mehc- blvemh lrrev`# t hrlt fclod lmeklc hmtcy
ac ` etsca thtr lm` slt `wm l stp fcw
Mehc# l `hhe Klry lt t at a l tlor+em+t+
kldemh- Py slt tr thtr tecc# vmtulccy# t
wltoklm olcc` ar t `h# lm` Jlod cat-
X kly wcc eklhem wlt wmt truh Mehc―s
kem` em tlt frea xpremo a trmety- ^rlps
bg rgl`ecy e gmteg` wetb tbg plssgmhgrs lfilr`
t semdemh Petlmeo-
<?> _LELO_ Pbg Aerst Pberty Uglrs
lt Jblmse em Mirtb Em`el- Ls air _blcik Fefcg
_gkemlry em Dibekl em tbg mirtbglst# klmy sly
tblt et ki`gcs etsgca lcimh _LELO_ cemgs# wetb
sgvgrlc ia ets aloucty fgemh trlemg` bgrg- _LELO_
gmoiurlhgs ets oikkumety ti sloreog kg`eiorety
im tbg lctlr ia gxogccgmog# ls tbger wirsbep ia#
lm` sgrveog ti# Hi`-
Ceveh e Okkuey
–Olm E tgcc yiu lfiut tbg tekg E wls `eskessg`
arik wird9‛ _bggcl Klry lsds tgmtltevgcy# wbgm
emvetg` ti sblrg bgr cimh kgkiregs ia wirdemh
ls plrt ia tbg sgr veogs stlaa- Et lppglrs tblt tbgrg
wls sikg kesum`grstlm`emh fgtwggm bgr lm` tbg
klmlhgr ia tbg Oikkims- _bg wls `eskessg`-
_ikgimg em tbg l`kemestrlteim emvgstehltg` tbg
klttgr aurtbgr# aium` bgr emmiogmt lm` bl` bgr
rgemstltg`- Xblt es kirg# tbg Oikkims klmlhgr
lpicihezg` ti bgr- Pbgrg blvg fggm ioolseims
wbgm Biuhbtim bls cist bes oiic wetb l stu`gmt#
l hlr`gmgr ir l oiccglhug# lm` tbgm lpicihezg`
wetb tglrs‐–fgairg tbg sum sgts-‛
obec`rgm `e`# yglr latgr yglr- Fclmdgts# sobiic
sltobgcs# tiys# ocitbgs‐tbg sglsim mgvgr plssg`
wetbiut l prgsgmt-
Pbg _LELO_ oikkumety es l trgkgm`ius
ippirtumety air cevemh iut wblt et kglms ti fg
tbg fi`y ia Obrest‐ti civg img lmitbgr fitb em
wir` lm` `gg`-
Xbgtbgr arik aloucty ir stlaa# stu`gmts ir
hrium`skgm# tgstekimegs lfium` lfiut biusg
vesets tblt olkg lt l oreteolc tekg lm` prloteolc
bgcp tblt olm mgvgr fg airhittgm- Mgg`y stu`gmts
blvg fggm surpresg` fy heats ia kimgy cgat em
tbger pehgim+bicgs# wirdgrs blvg fggm rgsoug`
arik oyocgs ia `gft# klr relhgs blvg fggm
kg`eltg`# lm` klmy blvg himg tbg gxtrl kecg ti
suppirt sikgimg seod-
–Et wls @r- Biuhbtim beksgca tblt `rivg tbg
vlm ti fremh tbg _LELO_ hugsts ti ky wg``emh#‛
skecgs Oblm`rl# tbg ocglmemh cl`y- –Lm`# ea mit
air _ukltbe lddl ‐tbg weag ia tbg lol`gkeo
`glm‐wbi sgmsg` E wls ecc lm` tiid kg ti
tbg bispetlc# E wiuc` mgvgr blvg dmiwm E bl` l
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lm` Are`ly iut em tbg rglc wirc`- Ea tbes es Loogpt#
tbg bikg air BEQ pltegmts iwm tbg ril`# tbg
stu`gmt kly oikg flod wetb lm gxpgregmog ia
prgplremh l fi`y air furelc- Ea tbes es tbg Flptest
Bispetlc―s sgrveog ti tbg vecclhgs lrium` tbg oety#
tbg stu`gmt oikgs flod blvemh slt im l ku` iir
lm` blvemh bglr` lm` oiumsgccg` sikgimg wbi
wls tbemdemh ia sueoe`g-
Ls ^lymg gxpclems# –@uremh tbger prihrlkkg
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<?0 <?7Pglkwird Ditblmur 6>>5+6><6 Pglkwird Ditblmur 6>>5+6><6
prifcgk wetb ky tbyrie`-‛
–E wls lt ky cimgcegst em ky glrcy `lys#‛ kusgs
^rlsl` Vli# tbg lssestlmt cefrlrelm wbi olkg ti
_LELO_ arik l mgehbfiuremh stltg- –_i kuob
si# tblt E wiuc` wggp arik bikgseodmgss- L
stu`gmt oiupcg emvetg` kg bikg air tgl# lm` tblt
kl`g lcc tbg `eaagrgmog-‛
Kesse
Im _um`lys# tbg lol`gkeo `glm bl` l kesseim
tblt tiid bek ti tbg Oikkims- Lwlrg tblt
tbg detobgm stlaa kessg` lttgm`emh oburob si
ls ti hgt tbg _um`ly cumob im tbg tlfcgs# @r-
Migc Jlsim wiuc` oikg fy ke`+kirmemh# ti
tldg l –sgrveog‛ air tbg blm`auc ia oiids lm`
lssestlmts- Arik tbgsg glrcy `lys# kesseim wls
lm emtghrlc plrt ia _LELO_# ets rlesim ―gtrg ‐tbg
rglsim et gxestg`-
Em tbg oclssriik# ki`ucgs loriss tbg vlreius
`esoepcemgs lrg emtgmteimlccy kesseimlc em
aious# lsdemh tbg qugsteim: –Biw igs tbes
cglrmemh gquep tbg stu`gmt air kemestry9‛ Pbes
emtgmteimlcety bls emorglsg` wetb tbg emtri`uoteim
ia tbg Oimtgxt+Flsg` Cglrmemh "OFC% oikpimgmt
emti tbg KL prihrlkkg# stlrtemh em 6><<-
_tu`gmts spgm` aiur wggd`lys em tbg oclssriik
Ls ^lymg gxpclems# @uremh tbger prihrlkkg
stu`gmts wecc gxpgregmog supgrvesg` kesseim ir
kemestry prloteog- Airtmehbtcy oclss `esousseims
lm` plpgrs fremh emtghrlteim fgtwggm tbg
oclssriik lm` tbg oimtgxt- Pbriuhb OFC# ciolc
oburobgs lm` irhlmezlteims wecc sblrg wetb us
tbg prevecghg ia fremhemh lfiut trlmsairkemh
g`uolteim-‛
G`uolteim tblt trlmsairks es lcsi tbg rglsim airtbg emtri`uoteim ia tbg KL em Klmlhgkgmt# l
spgoelcezlteim _LELO_ bipgs wecc sgrvg oburob
lm` plrl+oburob gstlfcesbkgmts-
Oeuus Wphrl`eh
Pecc tbg ke`+―5>s# flrgcy lmy ia tbg stu`gmts
iwmg` l oikputgr- Pbgrg wgrg gehbt klobemgs
em tbg oikputgr clf# wbeob wls tbg riik lfivg
tbg aiygr ia tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh- Ia tbgsg# img
wls im pgrklmgmt bice`ly- _tu`gmts bl` ti fiid
biurcy scits lm`# ti fglt tbg rusb# tbgses wretgrs
wiuc` qugug up lt tbg `iir lt 7 lk# wbgm tbg
wltobklm wiuc` ipgm tbg clf- Pbg setulteim bls
_LELO_^ufceoltemsXm l arkr lroetot turms es lm` t
pufcesemh# et lr`cy surpress tlt fuec`emhs
fok es kus- Em <558# @r- Elm lym
rturm` ls aloucty em t Pchy plrtkmt-
Lt @r- Hrllk buhtm―s fst# put
t emstetutem m t pufcesemh klp wm
pemr` _LELO_ ^ fceoltems tloemh
oblmhg`# lm` _LELO_ bls l`lptg` looir`emhcy-
Pbg oikputgr clf etsgca bls `eslppglrg` arik
tbg Emstetutg Fuec`emh# kldemh wly air tbrgg sklcc
oclssriiks- _ehmeolmt sgoteims ia tbg olkpus lrg
cemdg` emti tbg emtgrmgt fy we+-
Ls air tbg Cefrlry# tbg semhcg oupfilr`
<7>+vicukg oiccgoteim bls fggm sufsukg` emti l
fuec`emh tblt sbgcvgs ivgr airty tbiuslm` vicukgs-
Lcc _LELO_ `essgrtlteims lrg em `ehetlc airk Et es
Kesseimlry rlygr Flm` "AK^F%# tbg Em`elm
Gvlmhgceolc Kesseim "EGK%# Wmeim ia Gvlmhgceolc
_tu`gmts ia Em`el "WG_E% lm` Em`elm Kesseimlry
_ioegty "EK_%# tbgrg bls fggm l stgl`y strglk ia
kesseimlregs wlmtemh ti uphrl`g tbger sdeccs-
_LELO_ es lcsi wirdemh iut loorg`etlteim air ets
`ghrggs arik tbg Wmevgrsety ia Kysirg‐img
ia tbg tip sgvgmtggm umevgrsetegs em Em`el- Et
rgoihmezgs _LELO_ –ls l Ogmtgr air _pgoelcezg`
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<?1 <?8Pglkwird Ditblmur 6>>5+6><6 Pglkwird Ditblmur 6>>5+6><6
pemr` _LELO_ ufceoltems# tloemh
eksca t jf ls wmt lcmh- P vesem
wls t astr Em`elm lutrsep lm` wretemhs-
Ets ekpremt# _LELO_ rss# clumo` lol`keo
fds um`r t –@k _res#‛ tldemh t
mlk ark t orwmemh hcry a t E mstetut
Fuec`emh- P emsperltemlc fds wmt um`r
t –_per _res#‛ em rarmo t t Olpc
ia tbg Vgsurrgoteim- Img ia tbg rst fiids ti
f pufces` wls @r- L J Lmlm`lm―s tses mKlltkl Hlm`e# mtetc` Hi` air Img# Hi`
air Lcc - Lkmh t klmy fds pufces`
sufsqumtcy# sk wr KP tss# l
`cefrlt aart t mourlh lm` prkt
h` wretemh ark stu`mt utput-
Em+us pufceoltems suo ls t prspotus#
t stu`mt lm`fd# prktemlc kltrelc lm`
_LELO_ Mgws lrg lmmulc rghuclrs- Em tbg rst
ylr latr t plrtkmt―s emoptem# lym
orlatg` tbg rst mgwscgttgr em <552- _gttemh
up tes plrtkmt em t memtes ps` ets
olccmhs- Em t lfsmo a lr` esds lm`
lsb revgs# trlmspirtlteim ia cgs ti tbg premtgrs
wls l oblccgmhg lm` cgs bl` ti fg fre`hg`
ivgr l sgregs ia ippy `revgs- Hi` airfe` l
ippy revg fgolkg oirruptg`, _emog tbgm#
^ufceoltems ls kv` emt mcem k`el#
sm`emh ut t _LELO_ ucsg +mwscttr lm`
or`emltemh ur wfset# okkumety g+flr`
lm` Alofd okkumeoltems-
_LELO_ l` lt m pemt omse`r` pufcesemh
lm lol`keo jurmlc- Et vm l` l mlk ar
et‐Prlmsairklsel, P olccmh wet pufcesemh
l jurmlc es t dp et hemh omsestmtcy fym`
t emetelc rus- Lm lctrmltev t t jurmlc
krh` em 6><> em t ark a t mhemh
_LELO_ Lmmulc Omsuctltem- P plprs a t
rst oimsuctlteim blvg fggm pufcesbg` um`gr tbg
tetc Em`elm lm` Obrestelm: Oblmhemh E`gmtetegs em
Ki`grm Em`el-
_LELO_ rss fds lr stl`ecy loqueremh
frlm` vlcu- Mtwrdemh wet fd strs ced
iK lm` Orsswr`# lm` mcem trl`emh lv
emorls`- _LELO_ ^rss ourrmtcy c`s vr
61 lotev tetcs# sk a weo lv fm us`
xtmsevcy ls txt fds em lol`kel# wec
sk lv ekplot` alkeces lm` ouros- P
vesem t mourlh Em`elm lutrsep# prkt
tcheolc temdemh# orlt lm lwlrmss a
_LELO_‐ts rklem-
<?1 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
Lcc _LELO_ `essgrtlteims lrg em `ehetlc airk- Et es
img ia tbg kist sehmeolmt ogmtrgs air tbgiciheolc
rgsglrob em tbg oiumtry- Et iaagrs imcemg loogss ti
l spgotruk ia sobiclrcy rgsiurogs em plrtmgrsbep
wetb sgkemlregs lrium tbg wirc`- Pbes
piwgrbiusg es miw furstemh lt tbg sglks# lm`
pclms lrg em pclog air ets gxtgmseim- Et bipgs tblt em
tbg auturg et wecc sgrvg ls lm lrobevlc rgpisetiry air
kesseim irhlmezlteims em Em`el-
^lrgreh
^lymg lmmiumogs wetb um`grstlm`lfcg pre`g
tbg alot tblt 17 pgrogmt ia _LELO_― titlc
gxpgm`eturg es oivgrg` fy Em`elm emoikg-
Pbes es pissefcg fgolusg# ivgr tbg `gol`gs#
_LELO_ bls wim air etsgca l aletbauc oimstetugmoy-
Gvlmhgceolc tbgiciheolc emstetuteims sgm` us tbger
aloucty trlemggs# arik ls alr lgc` ls Kl`byl
^rl`gsb# Klmepur lm` Kylmklr- Em`gg`# tbg
Kylmklr Gvlmhgceolc Hrl`ultg _obiic ia
Pbgicihy bls trlemg` aiurtggm ia ets aloucty lt
_LELO_- Arik irhlmezlteims suob ls tbg Aregm`s
h p
_tu`egs-‛ –Pi umplod tbes#‛ slys ^lymg# –et
kglms stu`gmts `iemh Klstgr ia Lrts stu`egs lt
_LELO_ olm obiisg ti fg lwlr`g` tbg Klstgr ia
Lrts em Pbgicihy um`gr Kysirg―s lutbirezlteim-
Pbg lhrggkgmt lcsi gmveslhgs tbg `gvgcipkgmt
ia l Klstgr ia ^becisipby wbeob _LELO_ KPb+
cgvgc stu`gmts wecc fg lfcg ti glrm- Pbes lacelteim
fgtwggm _LELO_ lm` tbg Wmevgrsety ia Kysirgstrgmhtbgms iur loorg`etlteim#‛ ^lymg higs im
ti sly- –Et fril`gms iur rlmhg ia kemestry lm`
gkpciykgmt ipteims air _LELO_ hrl`ultgs-‛
t Oocu`g: E es Xgcc
L tbrgg+timmg fiuc`gr oikklm`s lttgmteim lt
tbg _LELO_ gmtrlmog- Et wls Olric Biuhbtim―s
e`gl- Pbg stimg wls siurog` arik l qulrry em
Diclr# l oiupcg ia biurs lwly arik Flmhlcirg-
Blvemh iftlemg` pgrkesseim arik tbg ciolc
lutbirety ti argehbt et lwly# et fgolkg _LELO_―
air tbg mikemlc suk ia lfiut twi tbiuslm`
rupggs- Xbgm et lrrevg` lt _LELO_# et wls
olrgauccy cgvgrg` iaa tbg cirr y imti l slm`+fg` lt
_ehmemh ia tbg KiW air tbg KL"Pb% prihrlkkg
lt tbg Wmevgrsety ia Kysirg
tbg `gsehmltg` spit# lm` tbgrg et sets ti`ly- Pbisg
wetb lm gyg air hgikgtry wecc miteog ets scehbt
keslcehmkgmt wetb tbg arimt hltg- Biuhbtim#
`espclyemh bes oblrlotgresteo sgmsg ia bukiur#
suhhgstg` et fg mu`hg` se`gwlys l fet,
Im ets arimt tbg fiuc`gr gxprgssgs l oirpirltg#
hcl` lodmiwcg`hgkgmt: –Pbes es tbg Cir`―s iemh#
lm` et es klrvgccius em iur gygs‛ "^s- <<2:6?%- Im
tbg flod# et olrregs Bu`sim Plycir―s goclrlteim
a ` be b b `
P –Cm`emh‛ Cefrlrelm@lcg Xlr` ia Pym`lcg Wmevgrsety Oiccghg lm` _gkemlry# Pirimti# rgolccs bes cimh lssioelteim
wet t _LELO_ Cefrlry:
–Ky weag Mltlceg lm` E rst vesetg` _LELO_ em Jlmulry <558# ls tbg rgsuct ia l suhhgsteim
fy @r- @lve` _rfem- im veve` kkry ark tlt tek wls wm @r- Hrllk buhtm#
w wls `revemh us ark t Flmhlcr lerprt m ur lrrevlc# pucc` aa t rl` t tcc us t
sodemh mws tlt t Luhustems― c st sm l` romtcy trlheolccy `rwm` lt l stlaa utemh-
Femh l cefrlrelm lm` xpremo` em cefrlry satwlr E wrd` xtmsevcy wet Jmsm
Xlt itrs _ly…–Oimtgkpirlry Lsel es rgpcgtg wetb sobiclsteo mgssg em gvgry oimogevlfcg gc`- _LELO_ bls tbg
oikpgtgmog air gqueppemh kgm lm` wikgm air tbg kemestry tbgy lrg olccg` air# wetb gru`eteim-‛
Fesp _lkplt Duklr# l rter` Fesp a t Kt`est Ouro a Em`el# _utrm Vhem
–E fgcegvg _LELO_― strltgheo vlcug es ets hciflc rglob# ets gviteimlc strgmhtb# lm` lol`gkeo
`gptb em prgplremh stu`gmts ti alog l oblmhemh wirc`-‛
@r Vlve Zlolrels# Vlve Zlolrels Emtrmltemlc Kemestres
ke`mehbt# tbg `reccgrs lsdg` ea tbgy sbiuc` stip-
Pbg `goeseim wls ti olrry im- Biur `rlhhg` emti
wltgrcgss biur-
Lt tbg umglrtbcy biur ia 0 lk# lm` lt tbg
umfgcegvlfcg `gptb ia 80> aggt# tbg kerlocg
blppgmg`- Pbg pcukg ia wltgr bet tbg tips
ia tbg trggs lrium`- Pbisg wbi wgrg prgsgmt
wbgm tbg rst wgcc wls firg` sle` tbg airog ia
tbg wltgr rgkem`g` tbgk ia tblt kikgmtius
e c t t t e ` `
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<?5Pglkwird Ditblmur 6>>5+6><6 <?2 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
ia oim`gmog# wbeob wg blvg miw kl`g iurs:
–Hi`―s wird `img em Hi`―s wly wecc mit clod
Hi`―s suppcy-‛ Ls tbes frega bestiry lkpcy
`gkimstrltgs# tbes emstetuteim bls# tekg lm` lhlem#
rgjieog` em prive`gmtelc emtgrvgmteim- _i# et es imcy
ttemh tblt wg ocisg wetb l stiry larkemh tblt
tbes –suppcy‛ oimtemugs# lm` tblt wg blvg mit
oglsg` ti –klrvgc‛ lt et-
Ls tbg hrium`wltgr cgvgcs `rippg` loriss
tbg hriwemh oety# wg fghlm ti hgt emorglsemhcy
wirreg`- Em 6><<# tbg _LELO_ sukps bl` ti fg
ccg` argqugmtcy usemh wltgr tlmdgrs- Kglmwbecg#
wetbem tbg splog ia aiur kimtbs twi gaairts t i
semd mgw wgccs olkg ti mluhbt- Pbg rst img
bl` l kemeklc yegc`# lm` tbg sgoim` img olvg` em
fgolusg ia ciisg siec-
Wm`grstlm`lfcy# tbgrg wls kuob lmxegty ls tbg
tber` lttgkpt mglrg`- Pbg premoeplc klecg` iut
lm lppglc air prlygr ti aregm`s ia tbg emstetuteim-
Pbg tber` spit suhhgstg` wls wetbem sexty aggt ia
tbg img tblt olvg` em- Xetb prlygr# `reccemh fghlm-
Lt 1>> aggt# tbg riod wls ls `ry ls l fimg- Lt
Femh l cefrlrelm lm` xpremo` em cefrlry satwlr# E wrd` xtmsevcy wet Jmsm
Jlhlmml`blk tbg cefrlrelm- Air fitb Mltlceg lm` kg# tbes wls iur rst trep ti Em`el si wg bl`
l ct t clrm lfut t olccmhs aloemh t _LELO_ stlaa lm` stu`mts- E atm pcly` t
rhlm ar t olpc srveos-
im ur mxt veset em <555# ky tek wls spmt klemcy cpemh stlaa lm` stu`mts httemh us` t
slroemh t emtrmt- X atm wmt t colc oyfr olaås wr t ommotem wls fttr-
Mltlce lssest` sk stu`mts wet gmhces lm` typemh sslys lm` lcs folk emvcv`
cpemh em lct olr em l pr estreot a Flmhlcr- X rkkfr tlt m t v a tes veset
t _LELO_# Hrllk _tlems lm` es tw sms wr furm` t lt em iressl- L aw wds
cltr# t flfy a l _u`lms stu`mt lt _LELO_ e`-
ivr 6>>6+6>>?# w wr lhlem lt _LELO_- Mltlce# ls far# lssest` stu`mts wet
gmhces lm` `etemh- E wls lfc t wrd wet Jmsm m purolsemh fds vel emtrmt lm`
uphrl`emh cefrlry satwlr- Fy tm _LELO_ l` looss t t e mtrmt em t cefrlry- E lcs
clrm` t lpproelt t prfcks emvcv` wet roevemh sepkmts a fds ark vrsls
lm` t cmhty oustks pross, X rolcc tlt @r- Ormces Fmmkl lm` _uslm wr
klrre` uremh tes tek-
Iur clst veset ti _LELO_ wls ivgr 6>>0+6>>7- E wls lfcg ti lrrlmhg air Pym`lcg Wmevgrsety
Occh lm` _kemlry em Prmt t tld ut l som` sufsoreptem t t LPCL "Lkreolm
Pcheolc Cefrlry Lssoeltem% `ltlfls lm` LPCL_ _relcs ar _LELO_# lcc loossefc
truh t emtrmt- Et wuc` fok l trkm`us rsuro ar t cefrlry-
E stecc dp em tuo wet t _LELO_ cefrlry# lssestemh wet vlreus purolss- Et ls fm
wm`rauc t s t _LELO_ cefrlry hrw lm` vcp ets occotem ark premt` fds lm`
jurmlcs t cotrmeo rsuros-‛
–Vghgmt Oiccghg oikkgm`s _LELO_ air ets iutstlm`emh tbgiciheolc g`uolteim em sgrveog ia
tbg kesseim ia tbg oburob em _iutb Lsel- _LELO_― klstgrs lm` iotirlc prihrlks oimtrefutg
sehmeolmtcy ti gvgcipemh cgl`grs air kemestry# kesseim lm` klrdgtpclog- Xg oikkgm`
_LELO_ ti Hi` air bes gmlfcemh hrlog lm` ti tbg prlygrs ia Obrestelms gvgrywbgrg-‛
@r V` Xecsm# ^rse`mt# Vhmt Occh#Qlmouvr# Olml`l
–E fgcegvg _LELO_― strltgheo vlcug ti ceg em ets gkimstrltg` prioegmoy em iaagremh qulcety
gvlmhgceolc tbgiciheolc g`uolteim lt tbg pisthrl`ultg cgvgc air gxestemh lm` pitgmtelc cgl`grs
ia tbg Oburob lm` Kesseim em _iutb Lsel-‛@r- Evlm _ltylvrltl# Olerprsm lm` _mer lstr# Lsskfcy a H` Ouro# Olcouttl
–E kuob gmjiyg` ky veset ti _LELO_…lm` wls ekprgssg` fy ets heatg` aloucty# ets g`eoltg`
stu`gmt fi`y lm` ets mg olkpus- Ets oikketkgmt ti ‒L`vlmog` Obrestelm _tu`egs― es ia tbg
hrgltgst ekpirtlmog ti`ly-‛
Pbg cltg Vgv- @r- Jibm _titt# tbgicihelm lm` kesseimlry stltgsklm# Cim`im# WD
–E fgcegvg _LELO_― strltgheo vlcug ti fg tbg gqueppemh ia tbg mgxt hgmgrlteim ia cgl`grs air tbg
kemestry lm` kesseim ia tbg oburob em Em el4 ti `gvgcip olploety em tbgiciheolc pgrsimmgc4 ti fg
l rgsiurog air itbgr trlememh emstetuteims em Em`el lm` aurtbgr lgc`-‛
Vgv- Olmim Hgirhg Diviir# remoeplc# Premety Oiccghg# Frestic# WD
–_LELO_ bls fggm l peimggr lm` wetbiut gqulc em Em`el + air remh up lm` gqueppemh Demh`ik
cgl`grs ti `i –hrgltgr wirds‛ air tbg Demh tbriuhbiut _iutb Lsel‛-
greo Prsm# Arem`s a _LELO_# _lm Jså# Olce armel
ioolseim lckist l qulrtgr ogmtury lhi‐em`gg`#
tbes stiry fremhs us flod aucc oerocg ti tbg wim`gr
ia tbisg glrcegst `lys- Pbg `reccgrs tbgksgcvgs
wgrg tldgm fy surpresg lt tbg m`- Pbgy agct
lssurg` tblt tbes suppcy wgccg` up arik l
trustwirtby spremh lm` wiuc` clst l hii` `gol`g-
Xg rgolcc tbg gxpgregmogs ia Esllo wetb wgccs#
rgoir`g` em Hgm- 61- Iur wgccs `i mit blvg
airklc mlkgs# fut em tgrks ia emstetuteimlc
bestiry# wg olm e`gmteay wetb tbg mlkgs Esllo
hlvg ti bes- Gsgd lm` _etmlb wgrg mlkg` air
streag lm` oimtgmteim- Ls wetb glhcgts em lm gyreg#
wg blvg bl` iur sblrg ia umrgst lm` umogrtlemty-
Biwgvgr# wg blvg kivg` im ti Vgbifitb#
–riiky splog‛‐fcug gxplmsgs em wbeob ti
sprgl` we`g iur glhcg pemeims lm` re`g tbg yglrs-
Esllo―s clst wgcc es em tbg rgheim ia Fggr _bgfl#
tbg wgcc ia tbg iltb- Pbriuhb aler wem`s lm`
turfucgmog# tbriuhb stirk ociu` lm` sumsbemg# et
es iur oivgmlmt Hi` wbi dggps us lciat- Lm` em
tbes oim`gmog# wg prgss im‐–Aurtbgr up lm`
aurtbgr em,‛
Okkumety cea lt _LELO_
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L @rglk Aucccgkrh` ls l kljr e+to omtr em –mw‛
Em`el- Kst a t kljr kuctemltemlcs lv l
prsmo r- P oety ls hrwm t sex keccem
ppc em romt ylrs-
_LELO_ ts wgcc- Et prgplrgs
vlmhceolc cl`rs ar
tkrrw―s Em`el- P olkpus
wet ets wcc+dpt hrum`s#
ekprgssevg cefrlry# mgcy
picesbg` iirs# hriwemh
lol`keoloevkmts#
lhmoes lm` plstrlts# _LELO_ dmws tlt et
es erotcy rsuroemh t cl`rsep a t Em`elm
ouro em tes lm` suoo`emh hmrltems-
ia t ?>> _LELO_ hrl`ults t lt# m
es Hmrlc _ortlry a t Em`el Kessems
Lssoeltem "wet <07 kkfr soetes lm`
sk 67#>>> kessemlres%# sex trs l`
kessem lhmoes# arty srv m t alouctes
a Fefc socs lm` occhs "emocu`emh sex
premoeplcs lm` l mukfr a lol`keo lms%#
m es l` a t Flptest Ouro em Mlhlclm`
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@r- Obrestipbgr Blmoiod# @glm# Frl`air`
Oltbg`rlc# WD# bls fggm lm l`jumot aloucty semog
<551- Xg blvg bgrg lm g`etg` gxtrlot arik l
pegog bg writg l agw yglrs lhi-
Em t stry lm` wrd a _LELO_# t
kesseimlregs― rglk es aucccg`-
^rlps kst fveuscy t l vesetr# _LELO_
es t tlmhefc rlcezltem a l slrpcy+
aous` vesem- Flmhlcr es l alst+hrwemh#
oskpcetlm oety m t @oolm pcltlu em
omtrlc _ut Em`el# wet lm mvelfc oceklt
ylr+rum` folus a ets lctetu` "t Fretes
us` t rter r uremh t Vlj%- Et ls
lol`keo loevkmts#
pufcesemh prhrlkk
lm` truhcy Orestelm
ltkspr# wuc` f t
mvy a klmy l Xstrm
emstetutem- E lk rkem`` a
ky occhs em ixar` lm`
Olkfre`h ls E strcc ets plts
lm` l`ker ets clwms ‟#
tlt ty slr` t speret a _LELO_,
Fut tbes es Em`el# mgw Em`el# sgca+oim`gmt#
orltev# wcc+ktevlt`# sca+oreteolc# prplremh
ar ets rc ls t kst ppucus mltem em t
wrc` fy lrum` 6>6>- _LELO_ stu`mts dmw
ty lv wrd t ar H`# slpemh tes
rlpe`cy+krhemh Lselm suprpwr- Ea et―s mt
`otesk ty―cc alo# et―s rceheus pcurlcesk lm`
prhrssev souclresk# t pwr a emvlsev
olfc mtwrds# t prssurs a rlpe` soelc
trlmsarkltem lm` hrwt-
_# et es l soc ar tkrrw―s wrc`- Xet
stu`mts rlwm ark klmy eaarmt stlts#
`mkemltems# tloemh emstetutems# kessemlry
lm` lmtr l Cutrlm Fesp# trs lr
sgmeir hurgs em Em`el―s kghl+oburobgs# suob
ls t 6>#>>>+kkfr Lsskfces a H` Mw
Cea ouro em wmtwm Ommle- Et es lcc lfut
trlememh a t ehst cvc em E m`el ar Em`el-
Hmrsety ark arem`s vrsls ls fm
l alotr em httemh _LELO_ up lm` rummemh-
gxpsur t t Xst stecc ls vlcu lm`
rcvlmo ar t stu`mts lm` aloucty- Latr lcc#t rles t cvc a ets `uoltemlc stlm`lr`s#
_LELO_ aloucty# Aloucty+em+trlememh lm` @s lr
g`uoltg` wbiccy ir em plrt em W_L ir WD- Fut#
t lys a pm`mo lr plss`# lm` t
kesseimlregs― rglk bls fggm aucccg`-
<06 _LELO_ P Aerst Perty Ulrs
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