literaryjournal

literaturuli Jurnaliliteraturuli Jurnaliliteraturuli Jurnaliliteraturuli Jurnaliliteraturuli Jurnali

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saguramo

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mTavari redaqtoriandro bedukaZe

redaqtorebiivane amirxanaSviliuCa SerazadiSvili

JurnalSi gamoqveynebuli masalebisgamoyeneba redaqciasTan SeuTanxme-blad dauSvebelia

tel.: 551 18 37 76saguramomag@gmail.com

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S i n a a r s i

Tanamdevi sulebi3. konstantine gamsaxurdia vilaSqroT qarTuli enis siwmindisaTvis

premia7. `saguramo~ _ 2015

anketa14. marad da yvelgan (interviu vaxtang javaxaZesTan)

filosofiuri esei16. rostom CxeiZe ukanaskneli qristianebi anu poeturi esqatologia

saidumlo baraTebi48. nino CxikviSvili ambavi siyvarulisa _ mSvenieri germaneli qali...

eTnologia59. giorgi cocaniZe qarTvel mTielTa sabrZolo wesebi

mwerali da alegoria66. vaxtang guruli winaswarmetyveleba

Canawerebi75. mixeil lolaZe dRiuris furclebi

axali Targmanebi86. `miyvars poetebi zedsarTavebis gareSe~ (interviu davide rondonisTan) (esaubra nunu gelaZe)92. devide rondoni kavkasia, Rvino da poezia, mogzauroba saqarTveloSi (Targmna nunu gelaZem)IN MEMORIAM94. baCana bregvaZis epoqa

95. taitaro suZuki budizmis arsi (Targmna baCana bregvaZem)118. vasili rozanovi didi inkvizitoris legendis Sesaxeb

(Targmna Tamar kotrikaZem)142. naTaniel hotorni mister higinbotamas sikvdili (Targmna irina svianaZem)149. uiliam folkneri roca Ramdeba (Targmna levan Wkuaselma)160. jerom selinjeri bananaTevzis amindi (Targmna Tornike lagvilavam)168. emil miSel Corani Canawerebis wigni 1957-1972 (Targmna eka Wkaduam)

bibliografia175. andro bedukaZe `ra ganZi gvqonia...~

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Tanamdevi sulebi

konstantine gamsaxurdia

vilaSqroT qarTuli enis siwmindisaTvis

momavali meistorie uTuod aRniS-navs Cveni epoqis did saqmeTa Sorisdidad mniSvnelovan erT faqtTagans:qarTulma enam am ukanaskneli sami aTe-uli wlis manZilze mraval warmatebasmiaRwia.

rusTavelisa da giorgi mTawminde-lis, guramiSvilisa da saba orbelianisena mTeli gasuli saukunis manZilzetfilisidan gaZevebuli iyo. Cvenidedaqalaqis mTavar quCaze arsadWaWanebdnen qarTuli asoebi, mxolodZveli tfilisis SukebSi Tu naxavdiTsadme carciT an naxSiriT darabebzewaCxapnil sityvebs: `puri~, `meduqne~,`xaSi~.

arc erTi dalaqi ar akadrebdaTavis duqnis darabas qarTul warw-eras, sadalaqoebs amSvenebda mxolodfranguli warwera.

kavkasiis erT-erTma mTavarmarTe-belma aukrZala mexileebs, mepureebsada memwvanileebs qarTulad wamoZaxe-ba quCebze.

***udavoa, Cveni Taobis Tvalwin ganu-

zomlad gaizarda qarTuli mwerloba.ara erTi aTasi mecnieruli Sroma

da saxelmZRvanelo ibeWdeba dResqarTulad maTematikisa da fizikis,geologiisa da geodeziis, biologiisada botanikis, filosofiisa dafsiqologiis sferoebidan.

mTeli Tavisi arsebobis manZilzeuxdeboda qarTul enas brZolisa dakonkurenciis atana iseTi maRali kul-turis mqone enebTan, rogoricaa arab-uli, sparsuli an berZnuli.

am samTagani yoveli iyo ara martometyvelebis organo romelime tomisa,aramed didad kulturuli imperiissaxelmwifo ena.

odesRac arabuli ena da arabulimwerloba wina aziaSi iseTsave rolsasrulebda, rogorsac laTinuri ro-manul, germanul da inglis-saqsurixalxebisaTvis.

Sua saukuneebSi arabuli gavrcele-buli iyo alma-atadan ierusalimamde,aleqsandriidan gibraltaramde.italiisa, safrangeTisa da espaneTiskulturebs manve daasva waruSlelitvifari.

aseTi didi diapazonis ena iyo spar-sulic, _ Tavisi ubrwyinvalesi poezi-iTa da mwerlobiT mTels imJamindelmsoflioSi warCinebuli.

rogorc antikis, ise Sua saukuneTakulturani aRmosavleTisa da dasav-leTis, ganicdidnen agreTve maRalni-Wierisa da didad ganviTarebuli enis,berZnulis zegavlenas.

am enam Seasrula udidesi rolirogorc evropis dasavleTis, ise aR-mosavleTis enaTa da kulturaTaformirebis saqmeSi.

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es sami umdidresi ena istoriis sx-vadasxva periodSi Cveni mefeebisa daerisTavebis karze gabatonebula Tan-daTan.

igic cnobilia, TviT aRorZinebu-li, didi saqarTvelos mefeTa zarafx-anebSi moWril qarTul monetebs calmxareze xan berZnuli devizi ewera,xanac arabuli, magram sabolood maincSesZlo Cvenma enam am zegavlenaTagabaTileba.

nuras vityviT imis gamo, romqarTulma enam ar gaikara zegavlenaiseTi CamorCenili enebisa, rogoriciyvnen Turquli, xazaruli da mon-Roluri, TviT berZnulTan, sparsul-Tan da arabulTan SejibrebisasqarTuli ena gamarjvebuli gamovidamTeli kavkasiis teritoriaze.

ase rom, qarTuli asoebi amSvenebd-nen materialuri kulturis Zeglebsnikofsiidan darubandamdis, Cerqeze-Tis mTebidan anisis taZramdis.

qarTuli enis metoqeebidan zog-zogni ise warixocnen miwispiridan,arc Cvens mwerlobas, arc Cvens xuroT-moZRvrebas da arc Zeglebs sjulisde-bisas ar Semounaxavs maTi zegavlena,xolo Cveni ena da misi dawerilobadResac amSvenebs Cveni brwyinvalexuroTmoZRvrebis, Cveni didi mwerlo-bisa da samarTlismetyvelebis uZve-less Zeglebs.

grZeli da Zneli iyo es gza, isrisada lodsartyocnis epoqebidan _ avi-aciis saukunemdis ganvlili, magramCveni xalxis udrekelma sulierma en-ergiam Semogvinaxa brwyinvaleba damSveneba msoflios erT-erTi uxucesida umdidresi enisa, romlis genio-surad martivsa da srulyofil dawer-ilobas dResac Semounaxavs anagobaqvaze natvifri aso-niSnebisa.

swored amis gamo misca am enam saba-bi Cveni epoqis fenomenur filologsniko marrs, romelsac veravinSeswamebs nacionalur mikerZoebas,savsebiT marTebulad aRevlina sor-bonSi warmoTqmuli sityviT, apologiaqarTuli enis kulturuli Sublisa.

pirvelTqmuls rom mivubrundeT,

qarTulma enam, romelsac saxelmwifu-ri funqciebi aRkveTili hqonda ro-manovebis policiur saxelmwifoSi,oqtombris revoluciis meoxebiT,geologiuri erupciis siZlieriT if-eTqa da aRorZinebis gzas daadga.

***ena TavisTavad sametyvelo instru-

mentia ara marto literaturisa damecnierebisa, aramed uwinaress yov-lisa, yofisa.

yofismieri daudevroba, enis xmare-baSi ucilod zegavlenas axdensrogorc xalxis zepirmetyvelebaze,ise mis mwerlobazec.

roca adamiani Tanamedrove, keTil-mowyobil qalaqSi Sedis, mas, uwinaressyovlisa, TvalSi ecema am qalaqis abre-bi.

ucxoelebi da bavSvebi am abrebiswarwerebze swavloben enas.

nuravis hgonia es umniSvnelo ramiyos. ama Tu im enis asoniSnebi gac-ilebiT ufro didi mniSvnelobis faq-torebia, vidre romelime axali mo-tori, romelime manqanisa, radgan mo-toris axal modelebs yovel aTeulwelSi igoneben, xolo romelime alfa-betis Sesaqmnelad mravali saukunismanZilze iRwvoda esa Tu is eri.

***sxva qveynebSi esa Tu is ena saukune-

Ta manZilze ewyoboda qalaqur civi-lizacias, qalaqur teqnikas, qalaqurmrewvelobasa da qalaqur yofis sxva-dasxva atributebs.

am mxriv is procesebi, romelnic awiunda gaiaros qarTulma enam, jer kidevXIX saukuneSi moaTaves rusulma dafrangulma, ramdenadac saxelmwifurifunqciebi am enebisa erTxelac ar Sew-yvetila ukanaskneli saukuneebis man-Zilze.

piriqiT, es enebi iyvnen saxelmwifu-ri rudunebis sagani, dasaqmebuli sax-elmwifo institutis yovelgvar gam-ovlinebis samsaxurSi.

swored amis gamo qarTuli ena ganu-zomlad mdidaria, roca saqme exeba

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yofis, cxovrebis inventarebis asaxvas,samagierod am enis mommarjvebeli um-weo mdgomareobaSia, roca Tanamed-rove qalaqis, Tanadrouli civiliza-ciuri fenomenebis nair-nairi niuanse-bi unda asaxos.

sami aTeuli weli xom mniSvnelovaniperiodia erTi Taobis cxovrebaSi, sa-magierod, eris cxovrebaSi es monakve-Ti droisa, erTi daxamxamebaa Tvalisa.

swored amitomac TanamedroveTaobebs didi muSaoba uZevT winqarTuli enis dasaxvewad, am enisaTvisTanamedroveobis ieris misacemad.

axla, TavaT Cveni saxelmwifozrunavs, raTa qarTuli ena SevidesCveni saxelmwifuri cxovrebis, Cveniiurisdiqciis, Cveni qalaqebis munic-ipaluri yofis samsaxurSi.

unda iTqvas, metyvelebis daude-vroba TvalsaCinod etyoba ara martoCveni qalaquri meurneobis funqcio-nerebs, aramed Cveni presis muSakebs,Cvens mwerlebsa da Cvens mTargm-nelebs, pedagogebsa da kalmis sxvamuSakebs.

Jargonisadmi midrekilebis ten-denciebi yvelaze metad sacnauri xde-ba Cvens saqalaqo yofaSi (cnobilia,Jargonireba iseve momakvdinebeliaenisaTvis, rogorc filoqsera venaxi-saTvis).

Jargoni yofaSi arasodes moicdis,igi anazdad gadadis rogorc presaSi,ise mwerlobaSi.

ra aris Jargoni?Jargoni es aris ganukiTxavad mo-

qceva da moxmareba enisa.saidan iRebs igi saTaves?umecrebisa da daudevrobisagan

warmodgeba igi.Jargonis warmoSobis mizezTagania:

erTi enidan meoreSi yuriT gadaTrevacnebebisa.

tfilisis romelime prospeqtzegasvlisas, Tqvens Tvals uTuod mox-vdeba eleqtronis faranze warwerili:

`gaufrTxildiT avtomobils~. amwarweridan ase gamodis: Sofrebi undagaufrTxildnen avtos, raTa fexiTmoaruleebma ar daamsxvrion igi.

arsebiTad am warweris avtors sxvaram hqonda ganzraxuli: avtom argaitanos moqalaqe. ase rom ̀ gaufrTx-ildis~ nacvlad unda eweros: `moeri-deT avtos~.

yvelas unaxavs Cveni qalaqis sxva-dasxva ubnebSi mdgari qvitkiris kvad-ratebi maRali Wimvis eleqtrogayvani-lobisa. am kvadratebze kacis Tavis qa-laa daxatuli. iqve aseTi kuriozuliwarweraa: `sasikvdiloa~.

amis wamkiTxvelTagans SesaZloaegonos zogs: TiTqos am qvitkiriskvadratebSi ijdes mosaklavi vinme.

aqac piruku parolia cudi qarTu-liT gadmocemuli da `sasikvdilos~nacvlad unda eweros `momakvdinebe-lia!~

Cveni dedaqalaqis erT-erT umSve-nieres quCaze, saxeldobr, kominter-nis quCaze, aseTi sasacilo warweraaqvs galanteriis maRazias: `Tavissamkaulebi~.

am warweris avtors arc rusuliscodnia, arc qarTuli. mas uTargmnia`Головные уборы~. arsebiTad, am maRa-ziaSi araviTari Tavis samkauli araa,mand iyideba qudebi, beretebi da sxvamisTanani.

Cvens epoqaSi ukve aravin ikeTebssamkaulebs Tavze, indeanelebis anuzulus tomebis darad.

am abraze unda eweros: `Tavs-aburavebi~.

iqve meore warweraa naxevari metrissigrZe qarTuli asoebiT: `mzaTtansacmeli~, `Tavis mosarTavebi~.erTi rom mza tansacmeli unda da ara`mzaT~, xolo rac Seexeba `mosar-Tavebs~, rogorc viciT, mosarTavs cx-enebs Semoakraven xolme mucelze,radgan mosarTavi unagirze mikerebu-li Rvedia, am RvediT amagreben cxenissxeulze unagirs. aqac Tavsaburavebiunda eweros da ara mosarTavebi.

cnobilia, enisadmi pativiscema,erisadmi pativiscemis erT-erTiatributia. rogor SeiZleba aseTidaudevrobis gamoCena saxelmwifoenis mimarT?

dawesebulebaTa derefnebSi aseTi

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warwerebia: `TuTunis namwvebs nudayriT~. arsebiT, TuTuns araviTarinamwvi ara aqvs. aq, TuTunis nacvlad,papirosi unda eweros.

rusTavelis prospeqtze WiaTurismargantrestis abraze wauweriaT:`sakavSiro WiaTuris margantrestisTbilisis kantora~.

es warwera ase unda gadakeTdes:`tfilisuri sakavSiro kontora Wia-Turis margantrestisa~.

sakavSiro WiaTura raRaa netavi?rusTavelis prospeqtze kavSirgab-

mulobis saxlze aseTi warweraa:`Tbilisis telefonis sadguris mos-alaparakebeli~.

am SemTxvevaSi sami arsebiTi saxeliaurTierTze miwyobili naTesaobiTbrunvaSi. unda iTqvas, am warweris av-torze ufro ganswavlulni ar uwevenangariSs erT garemoebas. qarTulienis Tandayolili midrekilebaa xmo-vanebiT dabolovebis tendencia. estendencia axasiaTebs rusTavels,mTel xalxur poezias Cvensas.

Tu germanuli ena TanxmovanzeakeTebs aqcents, romanuli enebi damaTTan erTad qarTulic, xmovnebiTsTiSavs sityvaTa wyobas. am kanonisverSemcnob oratorebs sityva eCxire-baT pirSi.

gansakuTrebiT uwignurad swerensakavSiro dawesebulebaTa filialeb-is abrebs. xandaxan pirdapir gadau-Targmnelad, qarTuli asoebiT werenrusul sityvebs: `glavugol~, `glav-neft~ `glavkonservtrest~ da sxva.

***didi xania Tanadroulma enebma Sem-

oiRes dawesebulebaTa saxelebisSekveca. es kargia, magram xandisxan ise-

Ti gadaWarbeba xdeba, rom igi kurio-zulobis samanamde midis. unda iTqvas,es depeSuri stili `amerikanizmis~cudi zegavlenis ambavia.

bevrs agre hgonia, TiTqos es yove-live dros mogebis ambavi iyos. cxadia,Tu kaci racionalurad gamoiyenebsdros, igi yovelTvis sakmarisi iqneba.

erTi ram naTelia, Tu am Sekvecebisgamomgonebeli maTi dawerisas igebsdros, samagierod, maTi wamkiTxveliorgzis mets xarjavs maTi amokiTxvisada gagebamdis.

tfilisSi yovel nabijze vxvdebiTaseT Sekvecebs: `gruzproeqts~,`saqproeqts~, `saqnaxSirs~, `saqTam-baqos~ da sxva.

me mgonia, roca saqme exeba qveynissaxels, Sekveca sxva ara iyos ra, uxerx-ulia. arc isaa mainc da mainc saxarbie-lo, roca mTeli respublikis, qveynissaxels daaweren manqanaze an papirosiskolofze. es exeba papirosis kolofzewaweril `Советская Грузия~-s. vgonebajobebda dagvewera: `qarTuli Tam-baqo~.

bismarkis saxels seldis kolofe-bze rom awerdnen, bismarks es ekadre-boda kidevac, magram Cveni qveynis sax-els mometebulis pativiscemiT undamoveqceT.

Jargonizmi da kalkebi axasiaTebsxSirad Cveni Teatrebisa da kinostu-diis plakatebsa da abrebs. aseTsrameze xSirad amoikiTxavT amgvarCiqorTuls: `kaci TofiT~... unda dai-weros `Tofiani kaci~.

SesaZloa es yovelive wvrilmanisgamokidebad moeCvenos vinmes, magramrogorc mxatvrul nawarmoebSi, iseeris cxovrebaSiac wvrilmanic mniS-vnelovania.

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`saguramo~ _ 20152015 wlis 8 noembers saguramoSi ilia WavWavaZis dabadebis TariRi aRi-

niSna da literaturuli jildoebis gadacemis ceremonia gaimarTa.

ilias medali ̀ marad da yvelgan~ mieniWa cnobil qarTvel mxatvars zurab

niJaraZes.

premia `saguramo~ nominaciebis mixedviT ase ganawilda: proza _ laSa

TabukaSvili, poezia _ geno kalandia, kritika _ paata CxeiZe, Targmani _

akaki bregaZe, sabavSvo mwerloba _ dodo ximSiaSvili-vadaWkoria, humani-

taruli mecniereba _ zaza sxirtlaZe, xelovneba _ ramin miqaberiZe.

gTavazobT ramdenime laureatis samadlobel sityvas.

premia

ilia WavWavaZe movlenaa ara Cveu-lebriv movlenaTa rigSi, romelTacdasawyisic aqvs da dasasrulic,aramed iseTSi, romelsac arc sawyisiaqvs da arc bolo. maS, rasTan gvaqvssaqme _ stiqiasTan, romelsac badebengrandiozuli energiebi: istoria, na-cionaluri xasiaTi, kultura, bedis-wera, gancda sikvdil-sicocxlisa,siyvaruli, megobroba.

ilia gaCnda, sanam daibadeboda. esniSnavs imas, rom ilia ukvdavia. ermaSeracxa igi wmindanad. es udidesixarisxi, niSani misi pirovnebisa dakav-Sirebulia saqarTvelos momavalTan.mis mier dasaxuli gzebi materialuriTu sulieri cxovrebis ganviTarebis,daxvewis da srulyofisa Txoulobseris xorcSesxmas, Sesrulebas. mTa-varia, Tu vis xelSi aRmoCndeba am Ses-rulebis da xorcSesxmis saqme _ ili-as momxreebis Tu ilias mkvlelebis.amaze pasuxs gascems xalxis neba da ara

Cveni. arCevani gakeTebulia _ iliawmindania. misi saxelic, saqmeebicqarTvelisTvis misabaZi magaliTia.maS, gaumarjos ilias saxelsa da dide-bas!

zurab niJaraZe

ukvdaveba

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ilia!1973 wels, mweralTa kavSirSi davi-

wye muSaoba da 22 wlis ymawvils, pirv-el davalebad, erTi naklebad cnobiliungreli mwerlis maspinZloba mergo.mTawmindis panTeonSi aviyvane is, misimeuRle da rusi Tarjimani qali. gvi-ani Semodgomis dila iyo, odnav crida,roca stumrebi ilias saflavTan miviy-vane. aq vin asvenia? mkiTxa kacma da mecgavemzade ilia WavWavaZis warsadge-nad. rac mere damemarTa, axlac uxerx-ulobaSi magdebs. jer burTi gameCxirakarga xniT yelSi da damunjebuli, xe-lis moZraobiT vamSvidebdi dabneulda SeSfoTebul stumrebs, axlavegamivlis, axlave-meTqi da marTlacspazmi uecrad momexsna da saboloodgavaogne iq myofni... tirili wamskda,Tan iseTi, saxe rom gemanWeba da crem-li rom TavisiT moTqrialebs... dasas-ruli am epizodisa mSvidobiani gaxl-daT, roca avuxseni maT, rom pirveladmoviyvane am saflavTan stumari da imisgafiqrebac ki, rom axsna damWirdebo-da, Tu vin aris da vin brZandeba Cven-Tvis ilia WavWavaZe, Tavzari damca-meTqi.

me xom jer sakuTari TavisTvisacver amixsnia is, rac Tanmdevi iyo mTe-li Cemi cxovrebis manZilze, Tanmdeviiyo siyvarulic, mowonebac da gancvi-frebac ilias mimarT... da es Tanmdevo-bac, lamis Cveul yoveldRiurobadmeqca da kaTarzisic maSin moxda, rocaSevecade, stumrisTvis amexsna, Tu raaris CvenTvis, misTvis ucnobi iliaWavWavaZe.

axla ukve ungreli mwerlis qviTi-nis jeri dadga. amas raRa atirebs-meT-qi, Tarjimans vkiTxe. ambobs bednieriiqneba is dRe, roca Cemi Svili Sandorpetefis saflavs daitirebso.

wiwamurTan rom mokles ilia... diax,damTavrda didi epoqa, magram daiwyois, rasac borotis dramaturgias TudavarqmevT. ilias ocneba damouki-debel saqarTveloze mwife vaSliviTCaugordaT kalTaSi mis biologiurmtrebs, marqsist social-demokra-tebs da bolos, sakuTriv daTmobil

Tavisuflebas, vaJkaci ymawvili iunk-rebis sisxlic mianTxies. xolo maTmier dayrili Worebi borot da glex-ebis Semaviwroebel Tavadze saocradsicocxlisunariani aRmoCnda sindis-gamofitul saqarTveloSi.

ilia varo, Seuyvira mkvlelebs daes ar iyo mxolod gafrTxileba maT mi-marT, mgoni im wams poetisa da bankirisazrovneba erT organizmad iqca daganWvrita, Tu ra codva daedeboda missaTayvano samSoblos da rom miskenmomavali tyvia, mis sam udides imper-ativs, mamuls, enasa da sarwmunoebasemuqreboda. Semdeg vinc movida saqar-TveloSi, swored rom im borotebismier gadawerili piesis kulminaciagaxldaT.

da bolos, kidev erT stumarze get-yviT, amerikel qarTvelolog kimbredvaitze. 1987 wels, ilias iubi-leze, droze rom ar mimeswro, sapatiostumars filarmoniaSi ar uSvebdnen:imdenad ankara qarTuliT metyveleb-da kimi, rom dacvas eWvi Seepara misamerikelobaSi. mokled SeaRwia Cemmada Tqvenma kim bredvaitma prezidium-Si, avida tribunaze da Tqva:

_ ilias mtrebma daagvianes misi mo-kvla! mTavari, rac mas surda, moaswroda gaakeTa!

kimis am sityvebis mcire dasturidRevandeli dRec gaxlavT, wmindailia marTlis dabadebis dRe, romel-sac misi saTayvanebeli eri zeimobs!

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leqsi _ Cveni ojaxis bedisweraa,Cveni msajuli. SuaTana Zma _ rene ka-landia jvars ecva qarTuli leqsisformis ZiebaSi. namdvili reforma-tori iyo didi poeturi kulturiTada gamocdilebiT.

zaur kalandias Cemi wardgena arsWirdeba. is mZafri tkivilebisa daSegrZnebis mweralia. magaliTisTvismisi ori romani ̀ msxverpli~ da ̀ ZegliyvelasaTvis~ kmara.

me yvela kargi poetis CrdilSi vid-eqi.

vswavlobdi...vwerdi...viTvisebdi...dRemde ase movdiodi, fuli ara-

sodes mqonia, magram kargi wignebiyovelTvis mqonda. Cemi germaneli me-gobris a. bluSkes wyalobiT b. paster-nakis `eqimi Jivago~ sasTumalqveS me-do, roca sxvebi socrealizmis `nimu-SebiT tkbebodnen~

erT Cems axlobels, zugdideloqromWedels funTuSa yolbaias fed-eriko garsia lorkas medalioni ver-cxlSi amovakveTine da aTi weli ubiTvatarebdi. sabralo dedaCems axal-gazrda lorka macxovari egona da gu-lSi uxaroda, albaT.

moskovSi swavlis dros a. blokisaxlo megobarTan v. vilenskisTan vme-gobrobdi da is genialuri rusi sim-bolistisa da dedamisis ucnauri xil-vebis Sesaxeb miyveboda.

s. SipaCovebis agarakze orjer Sevx-vdi ukve asakovan a. axmatovas, rasacbolomde vumalavdi m. qvliviZes. ax-los vicnobdi i. brodskis, v. visock-is, v. Salamovs. es tanmorCili moxucikaci mamaCems magonebda. or-samjerludic dagvilevia literaturulisaxlis feSenebelur kafeSi. samwuxar-od, mis gamaognebel moTxrobebs nak-lebad vicnobdi maSin.

vamayob imiT, rom mallaia-baronna-ias quCaze rusi kompozitoris k. basi-

mcire epistole literaturuli premia`saguramos~ moniWebasTan dakavSirebiT

lovisa da lili brikis umcrosi disojaxSi xSirad im taxtze meZina, sami-oTxi aTeuli wlis winaT vladimer ma-iakovski rom isvenebda, xolo axal-gazrda rusi geniosebis sazogadoeba-Si (СМОГ) maspinZeliviT vgrZnobdiTavs, romelsac Semdgom nobelispremiis nominanti vladimer oleini-kovi da eseniniviT mudam meamboxel. gubanovi edgnen saTaveSi.

zafxulobiT yvelani CemTan, soxum-Si, koRonias quCaze stumrobdnen.

imdroindeli Cemi sabinao pirobeb-is miuxedavad yvelani veteodiT. mosk-ovelebs peterburgelebi cvlidnen,xolo peterburgelebs _ Tbilisele-bi, rac gvian Semodgomamde grZelde-boda. Cems Raribul sufrasTan yve-laze metad galaktion tabiZis saxeliismoda. TavianT axal Targmanebs Cven-Tan aWaSnikebdnen.

erTi piroba dramaturgiam gamita-ca. ramdenime piesa davwere kidec.soxumis s. Wanbas saxelobis saxelm-wifo dramatul TeatrSi daidga ori-ve. warmatebac hqonda, gansakuTrebiT`mTvaris saaTi~ moswondaT, magram ma-le guli amicruvda. aq _ TeatralursamyaroSi _ cota ram aris Senze damo-

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kidebuli. TeatrSi pirveli simi _misi udidebulesoba reJisori gaxl-avT, xolo meore _ msaxiobi.

pirveli wigni pirveli siyvaruliv-iT aris, namiviT sufTa da gamWvirvale.

ilia WavWavaZis siyvaruli ufrogamimtkicda da gamiRrmavda, roca misibrZnuli da Sorsgamxedvari sityvebiwavikiTxe: `samegreloSi movel da sa-qarTvelo vnaxe, didi saqarTvelo!~

CemTvis, rogorc am kuTxis Svil-isTvis, es sityvebi yvelaferia. amit-omac, vcade leqsad (ilia WavWavaZe`fiqrebi samegreloze~) gadmomecamisi fiqri da ganwyoba. megona, ionameunargiasTan erTad, mec Tan vaxldiilia WavWavaZes banZasa da caiSSi.

yvelaze mZime drosa da viTarebaSimisi saxelobis quCaze maraddauviw-yari b. adleibas TanadgomiT memori-aluri dafa gaukeTda gr. SarvaSiZis imsaxls, sadac 1903 wels qarTvelTa daafxazTa urTierTobaze sityviT gamo-vida ilia WavWavaZe.

soxumSi, mravalerovan afxazeTSiZneli iyo samegrelodan Casuli bi-WisTvis poetad damkvidreba. gulaxdi-lad unda vTqva, rom me es SevZeli.ufro metic, poetebisa da mwerlebissami Taoba gavzarde.

qarTuli mxatvruli Jurnali, gaze-Ti, gamomcemloba... Cveulebriv mov-lenad iqca Cvens yoveldRiur cxovre-baSi, magram, rogorc galaktion tabi-Ze ityoda, `xanma undobarma~ arc Cvendagvindo da andria mociqulis, simonkananelis mironcxebuli mxridan ga-mogvyara.

soxumis dacemis dRes, saRamos sa-aTebSi Tavad vusmine informacias Cemidaxvretis Sesaxeb sakavSiro tele-viziis pirveli arxidan.

ver vityvi, ufals ar vuyvarvar-meTqi, magram saken-Wuberis golgoTagamoviare. Ramis yinvebiT, mTis susx-

iT daxeTqili peSvebiT miwas vayridiCems guSindel megobrebs. im vertm-frenze naxevari wuTiT damagvianda,afrenidan erT saaTSi rom Camovardasakenis mTebSi.

xuTi weli leqsi ar damiweria. fi-qriTa da dardiT gulgamoWmuli dav-diodi saqarTvelos parlamentSi. me-re, rogorc iqna, isev davubrundi CemserTaderT siyvaruls _ poezias.

bevri vai da vui aRmomxda `rekvie-mis~ weris dros. axla kargad mesmis imomgadaxdili mwerlebis, poetebisa damxatvrebis. meore msoflio omis par-tizani, niWieri mxatvari, Cemi ufrosimegobari, devnili Wola kukulaZe Tbi-lisidan soxumSi gaiqca da iq, galak-tionis agarakis gverdiT, sakuTarisaxlis banze qarTuli droSa aafria-la.

ar apaties, SemTxvevis adgilze dax-vrites.

me ki, marto vrCebi, sul Wolazevfiqrob. Cemi azriT, Tavganwirvis amg-vari magaliTi xSirad gadamdebia.

me literaturuli premiebi ar mak-lia. SoTa rusTavelisa da saxelmwifopremiebis CaTvliT, bevri jildo maqvsmiRebuli, magram literaturuli pre-mia ̀ saguramo~ CemTvis didad saamayoa.

aRniSnuli premia mxolod Rirseulmwerlebs eZleodaT. Sors rom ar wav-ideT, marto Tamaz Cxenkelisa da rezoWeiSvilis saxelebic kmara, orive maT-gani Cemi uaxloesi megobari iyo.

madloba Rrmadpativcemul komisi-is wevrebs, madloba ukeTilSobileskacs, pirovnebas, mweral andro be-dukaZes literaturuli premia ̀ sagu-ramos~ moniWebisTvis.

omgadaxdili kacis gaxareba RvTi-uri madlia.

gmadlobT, ilias STamomavalno!

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aseT dros kaci madlobas ambobsxolme.

mec amiT daviwyeb.imdenad gaxarebuli var, rom dab-

neulobisagan viRac gamomrCeba an rigiamereva da gTxovT momitevoT.

madloba ilia WavWavaZis saguramossaxelmwifo muzeums, sadac ilias su-li cocxlobs.

madloba ilias premiis mimniWebelkomisias, romelmac Cemi wigni gamoar-Cia.

madloba Jurnal `Cven mwerlobas~,sadac Cemi werilebi ibeWdeboda dadaibeWdeba.

madloba ilias saxelmwifo univer-sitets, sadac Cemi wigni gamoica.

madloba Cems megobrebs, romlebicCems sixaruls iziareben.

da, ra Tqma unda, madloba Cems me-uRles da Svilebs, visi xelSewyobiTacvcocxlob da vSromob.

aseTi gaxarebuli maSinac ar vyo-filvar, roca saqarTvelos damouki-deblobis deklaracias vawerdi xels,1991 wlis 9 aprils.

maSin axalgazrda viyavi, vCqarobdida movlenebis obieqturad SefasebamiWirda.

maSin ilias anderZis SesrulebaSiviRebdi monawileobas.

magram bolomde gacnobierebuliar mqonda, Tu ras niSnavda ilias an-derZis Sesruleba.

gamudmebiT vimeorebdiT, `mamuli,ena, sarwmunoeba~ da ise gavcviTeT,rom mosabWouro lozungad vaqcieT.

`mamuli, ena, sarwmunoeba~ vrceliprogramaa, rasac saTave iliam daudo,rasac misi mimdevrebi acocxlebdnen,acocxleben da kvlav cocxlad undaSeinaxon.

ilias surda mamulis gamoxsna damp-yrobis xelidan.

dRes mamuli nawilobriv gamoxs-nilia moZaladis xelidan da ar viviw-yebT, rom ̀ erTmorwmune~ ruseTs jer-ac upyria Cveni miwa-wylis nawili.

magram ras niSnavs mamuli dRes, oc-

dameerTe saukuneSi, globalistursada integraciul epoqaSi, epoqaSi komu-nikaciebis usazRvro centralizaci-isa, postindustriul, menejerul epo-qaSi, roca yvela sazRvari iSleba damsoflio brtyeli xdeba? ras gve-tyoda ilia da ras gveubnebian Taname-drove evropeli filosofosebi, rom-lebic ilias azrs iziarebdnen? oc-dameerTe saukunis didi ingliselifilosofosi rojer skrutoni ambobs,rom saWiroa evropulma erebma TavismoqalaqeebSi, ganurCevlad eTnikuriwarmomavlobisa, aRzardon teritori-uli erTgulebis grZnoba. hoda,saqarTvelos TiToeulma moqalaqemacunda icodes, rom Cveni saxelwifossazRvrebi wmidaTawmidaa da sisxlisukanasknel wveTamde unda davicvaTTiToeuli goji qarTuli miwisa!vfiqrob, amas gvetyoda ilia, dRes romaq yofiliyo. ilia imasac Segvaxseneb-da, rom saqarTvelos miwis miyidvarezidentebisaTvis dauSvebelia, romes mciremiwiani erebis uflebaTa dar-Rvevaa, TviT gaeros uflebaTa dek-laraciis mixedviT.

ras niSnavs ena dRes, globalizaci-isa da multikulturizmis dapiri-spirebis epoqaSi? xom ar emuqrebagaqroba mcire erebis enebs? ra gvinda,bolos da bolos, am qarTvel mwer-lebs, literatorebs, mTargmnelebs,ra gvrjis? Cvens nawerebs xom mxolod

ilias anderZi

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nebismieri SemoqmedisTvis – mec-niereba ki swored gamudmebuli Semo-qmedebiT, ZiebiTa da SecnobiT, Secno-bilis sxvaTaTvis gaziarebis niSniTaRbeWdili cxovrebis gzaa _ jildosmiReba gakveuli mijnis, safiqraliTada gancdiT niSandebuli etapis Tana-fardia. es gancda miT ufro Zlieriaiq, sadac ilia WavZavaZe _ amJamad ukvesaqarTvelos eklesiis wmindanTa das-Si msufevi wmida ilia marTali _mkvidrobda, iRvwoda da qmnida.

samecniero kvleva ramdenime arse-biT, amasTan mudmiv da sayovelTaoprincips emyareba; maT Soris umTavre-sia akademiuri Tavisufleba, civil-uri da sazogadoebrivi azrovneba,Tanaziarobisa da gaxsnilobisaken Si-nagani mzaoba da miswrafeba. yoveliveamis gareSe samecniero sferoSi moR-vaweoba SeuZlebelia; Tuki kvlevamainc warimarTeba – arasrulfasovnadda arasaTanado SedegebiT, rogorcTavad mkvlevarisTvis, ise sazogadoe-bisTvis.

ramdenime aTaseuli mkiTxveli hyavs!xom ar ajobebs inglisurad vweroT?ilia rom Jurnals aarsebda, amdenicar hyavda, magram swamda, rom qarTve-li eri gadarCeboda da qarTul enazeunda elaparaka, ekiTxa da ewera. iliassuli albaT iSvebs da ixarebs imqvey-nad, radgan saqarTveloSi bevri kargiwigni iwereba da iTargmneba; Tu asegagrZeldeba, qarTuli ena uTuod ga-darCeba, rogorc aTasgzis gadarCeni-la, miuxedavad gamanadgurebeli xifa-Tisa.

sarwmunoebaze, saqarTvelos marT-lmadidebeli eklesiis erTgulebisaucileblobaze bevrs ar vityvi, mad-loba RmerTs, masze Cveni sulieri mama,saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqiilia meore gvesaubreba da gvmoZRv-ravs yoveldRiurad. erTi ram ki undaiTqvas, rom postmodernuli epoqisyovlismomcveli subieqturi rela-

tivizmi ver moeria maradiul sulierRirebulebebs da xalxic erTguladrCeba samociqulo eklesiis wiaRSi,rac Cveni gadarCenis aucilebelipirobaa. amasac ilia gveubneba!

oriode kviris win, ilias saxelmwi-fo universitets stumrobda gamoCeni-li amerikeli filosofosi da poli-tikuri moazrovne, klaes rini. gamomS-vidobebisas miTxra, cxadia evropele-bi xarT, magram raRac sxvaca xarT qar-Tvelebi, amitom Tqveni Tavi siRrmise-ulad unda SeiswavloT da bevri iSro-moT TviTmyofadobis SesanarCunebl-ad, mZime gansacdelebis gadasatanado!

es dalocvilic ilias sityvebiT me-laparakeboda!

didi madloba!

paata CxeiZe

TviTmyofadobis gancda

da kidev erTi, gansakuTrebulisimZafriT gacnobierebuli im wiaRSi,sadac yvelaferi ilia WavWavaZesTanda Tanaziar TaobebTanaa dakavSirebu-li – esaa gancda cxovrebis arsis damiznisa, romelic rogorc pirovnebis,ise mTeli sazogadoebis warsuls, aw-myosa da momavals aerTianebs; gacno-biereba im maradiuli Rirebulebisa,rasac qveyana da qveynisaTvis msaxure-ba hqvia.

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xels da ganapirobebs maswavleblismudmiv, ganviTarebad dinamikaSi myo-fobis aucileblobas, siaxleebTansistematiur Tanaziarobas, Tvalsawi-eris gamudmebul ganaxlebas, amasTanrogorc kvlevis uSualo dargSi, isemomijnave sferoebSi, rac ase aucile-belia nebismieri mkvlevarisTvis.

Cvens qveyanas, aTaswleulebis man-Zilze am miwaze mkvidr Cvens ers sxva-dasxva epoqa gauvlia. epoqa, rodesacilia WavWavaZe moRvaweobda gan-sakuTrebuli iyo – TandaTan Zlierde-boda grZnoba msoflio Rirebulebeb-isadmi gaxsnilobisa da kvlav Tana-ziarobisa, amasTanave, ZlierdebodasakuTari Tavis Secnobis, TviTmyofa-dobis (identobas rom eZaxian) gancda.

ilia WavWavaZis samkvidroSi – iq sa-dac yovelive misi arsebiTaa gajere-buli _ es gancdaa yvelaze Zlieri. aq,amJamindeli mesveurebisadmi didimadlierebis kvalad minda yovelive amsazrisiT iyos aRbeWdili, am mxrivsruli erTianobisa da TanaziarobisgancdiT.

Cveni xalxis gulis nacremli, WiriTu lxini ganfenili leqssa Tu simR-eraSi, isev xalxma Semogvinaxa. sworedam fasdaudebel ganZs, rasac xalxurisimRera hqvia, vemsaxurebi me da CemimomRerali ojaxi, romelic zrdisTaobebs.

dRes maqvs pativi sityva Sevkadroqveynis mamas da eriskacs, romlis ezo-karSi simReriT SemovediT. vetyvi, romsabednierod 21-e saukunes sul sxvaTaoba hyavs, Cvenze ufro pirdapiri dagulgaxsnili. Cvenze niWieri, ZlierixmiTa da SemarTebiT, magram saube-durod rac Tqven, Tergdaleulebsdagaxvedres mamebma, TiTqmis igivedavaxvedreT Cvens axalgazrdebs si-CumiTa da arxeinobiT, SuriTa daRvarZliT savse urTierTobebi, gax-

leCil-gawewili qveyana.ase rom, dRes isev, Cemo kargo qvey-

anas vmReriT, isev ar gvwyalobs awmyoda kvlav momavlis imedad vrCebiT.

ramin miqaberiZe

momavlis imedad

xelovnebaTmcodneobis sakvlevisferoebi _ iqneba es arqiteqtura TusaxviTi xelovneba _ mravaldargo-brivTa rigs ganekuTvneba. rac mTavar-ia, isini sulier da SemoqmedebiTRirebulebebs, kulturul memkvidre-obas, sazogadod _ memkvidreobasuSualod ukavSirdeba. es iyo Cvenigamudmebuli safiqrali aswleulebisganmavlobaSi. rodesac es safiqraliqreboda, qreboda TviTmyofadobac dagezis gacnobierebac. es iyo ilia Wav-WavaZis sazrunavi da dResac es rCebaCvenTvis sworupovar safiqralad.

memkvidreoba _ gardasulTa dana-tovari, iseve rogorc samkvidro _momavalTa Sesaqmneli, sadReiso dasamomavlo safiqralia; momavalzefiqri da zrunva ki ganuyofelia Cvenskvalad mosulTa cnobierebis, msof-lmxedvelobis Camoyalibebisgan. mec-nierisTvis, romelic imavdrouladmaswavlebelicaa, swavlebis, gardamo-cemis procesi sruliad gansakuTre-bulia. axalgazrdobasTan mudmivi kav-SirurTierToba TavisTavad uwyobs

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_ ilia WavWavaZis poezia ufrogiyvarT Tu proza?

_ miuxedavad imisa, rom ramdenimepoeturi Sedevris avtoria, ilias pro-za ufro miyvars. sxvaTa Soris, il-iasac Tavisi proza ufro `uyvarda~.sicocxlis bolo cameti wlis man-Zilze ilia leqsebs aRar werda. igiiyo uaRresad zusti gemovnebis Semo-qmedi da aSkarad grZnobda poeziisori titanis _ akakisa da vaJas Rirse-bebsa da, rogorc Cans, upirateso-basac. galaktioni erTgan ilias po-eziis ritms axasiaTebs da wers: ̀ saqar-TveloSi dRemde ar moipoveba ukeTe-si ritmi~.

_ romel nawarmoebs gamoar-CevdiT misi prozidan, poeziidan?

_ `yvarlis mTebs~, `guTnis deda~,`locva~, `mesmis, mesmis~, `nana~, `ele-gia~, `muSa~, `nikoloz baraTaSvil-zed~, `poeti~, `gazafxulzed~, `masaqeT, raki Sendami~, `Cemo kalamo~,`bednieri eri~, `Cemo kargo qveyanav~da xuTive poema. da rac Seexeba prozas,vercerT nawarmoebs ver gamovarCev,yvela srulyofilia da erTmaneTzeukeTesi.

_ iyo Tu ara Tqveni cxovrebisganmavlobaSi iseTi periodi, rode-sac ilias Semoqmedeba TqvenTvis um-

marad da yvelgan

niSvnelo iyo, anda saerTod argaRelvebdaT?

_ axla, roca ̀ Tavisuflebas vswav-lobT~ da brZeni moZRvari gvWirdeba,ilia Cveni upirvelesi mrCeveli dagulSematkivaria. amdenad ilias mniS-vneloba am ukanasknel wlebSi kidevufro gaizarda. ise ki, Cvens suliersamyaros ilia yovelTvis moZRvravdada aRelvebda.

_ rogor migaCniaT, ilia mweraliufro didi iyo Tu moRvawe?

_ ilia iyo didi mwerali da didimoRvawe. raki Cven didi moRvaweobisdeficits ufro ganvicdiT, SesaZloaam ukanasknelma gadawonos. magramilia ara marto didi mwerali da didimoRvawe iyo da aris. igi ufro metia,ilia simboloa, qarTveli eris simbo-lo, saqarTvelos simbolo, da, amTvalsazrisiT, igi yvela mweralsa dayvela mefesac ki aRemateba, garda dav-iT aRmaSeneblisa.

_ iqonia Tu ara iliam gavlena XXsaukunis poeziaze, prozaze?

_ poeziaze albaT naklebad, ufroprozaze da gansakuTrebiT _ mxat-vrul publicistikaze.

_ piradad Tqvenze Tu moaxdinailiam gavlena da raSi gamoixata es?

_ piradad CemTvis ilia sanimuSoa

anketa

kiTxvebi, romelzec batoni vaxtangjavaxaZe pasuxobs, 1997 welsaa Sedgeniliilia WavWavaZis dabadebis 160 wlisTavi-saTvis. am kiTxvebiT sxva mwerlebsac miv-marTe, magram, rogorc Cans, marto batonvaxtangs aRmoaCnda masze pasuxebi. vime-dovneb, rom momavali wlisaTvis gacilebiTmet mweralsa da sazogado moRvawes aR-moaCndeba am kiTxvebze pasuxi. miT ufro,rom 2017 weli ilias dabadebidan 180-e saiu-bileo welia.

andro bedukaZe

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ara marto rogorc mwerali, aramedrogorc pirovneba. igi yovelTvisCvens gverdiTaa, Cveni moZRvaria dacxovrebis rTul labirinTebSi sandomegzuri. amaod ar uTqvams: `marad dayvelgan, saqarTvelov, me var SenTana~.

_ ilias jer barbare jorjaZemdauwuna poeturi fraza, Semdeg`cisferyanwelebma~. rogor migaCni-aT, hqondaT maT amis safuZveli?

_ Cven ratomRac gveSinia klasiko-sebis naklze saubari, miT ufro _wera. arada, ilias zogierTi poeturifraza amas imsaxurebs, rac arasgziTar Seexeba ilias prozas. rac Seexebabarbare jorjaZesTan da Zveli TaobismwerlebTan ilias polemikas, aq iliacamdis marTali brZandeboda, da saer-Tod, roca ilia WavWavaZis Semoqmede-baze vsaubrobT, unda gamovyoT arama-rto proza da poezia, aramed _ auci-

leblad publicistikac. ilias wer-ilebma ara marto udidesi da gadamw-yveti roli Seasrules qarTvelTaerovnuli TviTSegnebis gaRviZebaSi,isini umaRlesi mxatvruli Rirsebisqmnilebebia. gavixsenoT Tundac iliassaaxalwlo feletonebi _ Tavisufalileqsis SesaniSnavi nimuSebi.

_ unda mivsdioT ilias cxovreb-is magaliTs, Tu `Cven unda vsdioTaxla sxva varskvlavs~?

_ Tu Cvens saxelovan da samagali-To winaprebs gzis manaTobel varskv-lavebad warmovidgenT, sabednierodCveni qveynis caze mravali aseTi mna-Tobi kaSkaSebs. maT Soris yvelaze di-di mainc ilia WavWavaZis varskvlavia,da am varskvlavs Cven kvlav unda mivs-dioT.

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georg vilhelm fridrix hegelisabsolutur sulsa da fridrix nicSeszekacs xSirad rom upirispireben erT-maneTs, zurab xasaia amas mkvlevarTagadametebul mondomebas miawers daufro ki xelovnur Carevas, radganTviTon am dapirispirebis safuZvelsvera xedavs.

am mosazrebis momxreT TavianTiargumentebi rom moepovebaT?

upirvelesad ki is:zekaci Tavnebaa, misi nebis Sinaar-

si TviTnebobaa. kerZod, is ar iTval-iswinebs adamianTa interesebs da saer-Tod, saSualebad, „xidad~ miiCnevs ad-amians Tavisi miznebisTviso.

es yvelaferi marTlac aseao, — ammxriv zurab xasaias araferi aqvs maT-Tan sakamaTo, magram yuradRebis miR-ma ar unda dagvrCenoda meore mxare:

isini gulisxmobdnen, rom hegelisabsoluturi suli sul sxva Tvisebe-biTaa aRbeWdili da, rac mTavaria, arcTavnebaa da adamianTa interesebsaciTvaliswinebs, iRvwis maTi ganviTare-bisaTvis.

anki sxvagvarad rogor unda yofiliyo— bolosdabolos igi xom RmerTia.

rostom CxeiZe

ukanaskneli qristianebi anupoeturi esqatologia

Sexmianeba zurab xasaias monografiasTan

`germaneli filosofosebi istoriis Sesaxeb~

da mwuxareba Cveni, qarTuli.galaktion tabiZe

terminologiur gansxvavebaze da-vas sruliad zedmetad miiCnevsqarTveli filosofosi, aseTi gansx-vaveba hegelsa da nicSes Soris sak-marisze metic rom aris, amis mtkice-bas didi lari da xazi ar esaWiroeba,magram dae ufro Rrmad Cavkvirve-bodiT arsebiT gansxvavebas:

hegelis absolutur suls RmerTiki erqva, magram... es rom ar gaxldaTqristianuli RmerTi — keTili damowyale, adamianTaTvis jvarcmuli?

mis niSnebsa da Tvisebebs Tu CavuR-rmavdebodiT, is... antiqriste ufroiyo, vidre qriste.

sabuTi gvindoda?aha es sabuTic:absoluturi suli xom Tojinebiv-

iT aTamaSebs adamianebs Tavisi mizneb-isaTvis.

da am garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiTzurab xasaias rogor ar gamoeTqvagakvirveba: riTi gansxvavdeba esTvisebani zekacis egoizmisa da TviT-nebobisagano?

rao, ras Seagebeben amis pasuxad?absoluturi suli xom win swevs is-

torias Tavisuflebiskeno.

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magram am pasuxis simyife adviladSeiZleba gacnaurebuliyo, Tuki ar ga-mogvrCeboda, rom:

am winsvlaSi yvelaze naklebad ig-ulisxmeboda grZnobadi adamianiskeTildReoba.

adamianebi winsvlis sazomad bed-nierebis, keTildReobis zrdas romgulisxmoben, absoluturi sulis sa-zomebi sul sxvaa da:

— hegeli swored am zeadamianursazomebs miiCnevs gonivrul sazome-bad; ara imitom, rom isini marTlagonivrulia, aramed imitom, rom isiniaucilebelia.

aseTia am germaneli filosofosisxedva da eTikuri mrwamsi.

igi emijneba Cveulebriv, grZnobadadamians, romlisTvisac istoria tan-jva da koSmaria.

da aRtacebiT Sescqeris gonebas,RvTiur mzeras, romelsac istoriawarmoudgeba winsvlad, Tavisuflebisganxorcielebad.

— amaze meti dapirispireba RmerT-sa da adamians Soris Zneli warmosad-geniao, — zurab xasaia rom ganacxa-debs, dabejiTebiT gaimeorebs, rom:

hegelis absoluturi suli nicSeszekacze aranakleb sastikia adamianismimarT.

maS rogor unda gagvego, hegels ab-soluturi suli qristianul RmerTadrom miaCnia, xolo nicSes Tavisi zeka-ci — antiqristed?

rogor da:— nicSe hegelze ufroa qristiani!da mkvlevars Zaldautaneblad wa-

moagondeboda martin haidegeris skan-daluri paradoqsi:

nicSe — ukanaskneli didi qris-tiani!

rogorc bednierad napovni liter-aturul-filosofiuri formula.

rogorc gasaRebi saidumloebiTmoculi koSkis Sesaxsnelad da namd-vili nicSesaken gzis gasagnebad.

***Cemi ar iyos, Tqvenc TavisTavad wa-

mogitivtivdebaT cnobierebaSi nikosamadaSvilis esqatologiuri xilve-bic da misi saprogramo leqsic „uka-naskneli qristianebi~.

da, amasTan, erekle tatiSvilis sax-eba, romlis literaturuli dafilosofiuri msjelobanic hkvebavdada aRitacebda poetis gulsa dagonebas, xolo nicSeanuri meditacie-bis nakadi TavisTavad iWreboda mislirikul warmosaxvebSi da im poeturstriqonebad gadadneboda, esqa-tologiuri ganwyobilebebis rkalSirom trialebda da idumali sxivebiTukavSirdeboda, erTi mxriv, daviTguramiSvilisa da akaki wereTlis li-rikul xilvebs da, meore mxriv, galak-tion tabiZis gulisWidils RvTae-brivisa da demonuris gadakveTaze.

zurab xasaias monografiul Txzu-lebaSi ar gaielvebs aramcTu niko sa-madaSvilis saxeli, aramed erekletatiSvilisac — „ese ityoda zara-tustras~ ubadlo mTargmnelisa daSesaniSnavi eseis avtorisa nicSeze,romelsac ukeTesi megzuri anki vinSeiZleba hyoloda qarTul sinamd-vileSi (ukeTesi, Torem aranaklebirogor ar viciT!).

ra aucilebelia maTi saxelebisgamoxmoba wignSi, romelic asea dasa-Taurebuli: „germaneli filosofos-ebi istoriis Sesaxeb~ („karpe diemi~,2014)?

ratomac ara, rodesac Txrobisa Tuanalitikuri gansjisas drodadroCaerTvis qarTuli masala, Cveni dide-buli moRvaweebis naazrevidan amokre-bili.

am fonze — germanuli filosofi-uri azris mdinarebisa — sul sxvag-varad kiafobs Cveni moRvaweebis sax-elebi, miTumetes, ase marjved moxmo-bili da misadagebuli.

is ki ara, germanel filosofosTanaazrevis erTi nakadisadmi miZRvniliwigni sulac ilia WavWavaZis xsenebiT

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iwyeba: istoriis Tema qarTul TviTc-nobierebaSi man Semoitanao.

mTeli Tavisi istorizmi ki ase Camo-eyalibebina: awmyo, Sobili warsulis-agan aris mSobeli momavalisao.

ise moemarjvebina es fraza, ise ga-eTavisebina, ukve iliasadac SeiZlebamiviCnioT, magram sinamdvileSi maincgotfrid vilhelm laibnicisaa, ger-maneli moazrovnis, da citatis amow-erisas ilia kidec aRniSnavda pirvel-mTqmels, leqsis, „qarTvlis dedas~,epigrafad rom daisaWiroebda.

pirvelwyarod ki leqsis komenta-torebi miuTiTeben laibnicis or naS-roms: „monadologia~ da „axali gamok-vlevebi adamianis gonebis Sesaxeb~.

asea Tu ise, fraza marTlac araora-zrovnad da naTlad migvaniSnebs, romadamiani Tavisi dabadebidan ki ar iw-yeba, aramed bevrad ufro adre da misidabadeba raRac ufro adre dawyebu-lis gagrZelebaa. iseve rogorc arcsikvdiliT mTavrdeba misi arseboba daadamiani kvlavac Taviseburad ganagr-Zobs „cxovrebas~.

da rogor ginda ar gaiziaro mkvl-evaris gulistkivili, rom adamiansTavisi cxovrebis es uCinari, magrammTavari aspeqti ar axsovs, ufro swo-rad, es xsovna ikargeba awmyos yoveld-Riur fusfusSi, „araistoriul qrol-vaSi~, rac warmoudgenlad amcirebs daakninebs adamianis cxovrebas.

aseTi midgomiT zurab xasaia iliasmiakuTvnebs moazrovneTa im wyebas,romelnic XVIII saukunis dasavleTSiiwyeben „sagnis~ Secvlas „istoriiT~.

esec im epoqis cnobili „istori-zmi~.

da Segvaxsenebs, rom:ilias enatreba iseTi qarTveli,

vinc Tavisi „tyruSulis saxlis~ alag-es gadaabijebs da istorias Seereva;vinc Soridan modis da xmals iqnevsdidgoris velze, daviTis droSis qveS;vinc bazaleTis tragediaSi monawile-obs, mere ki gulwrfelad inaniebs;vinc istoriisgan iwrToba da ganiwmin-

deba; vinc miukerZoeblad SeisrutavsTavisi Tvistomis istorias da TavisicxovrebiT Seasworebs, gaaumjobesebsmas...

da rom:aseTi iyo saerTod TergdaleulTa

xedva, maTi „istoriuli cnobiereba~.da iliac ase fiqrobda, akakic, iako-bic, vaJac...

magram Caisaxeboda da gaRrmavde-boda sxva xedvac, sruliad sapir-ispiro:

jer arTur Sopenhaueri aiTvalwu-nebda istorias, Semdeg fridrix nic-Sec da egzistenciis filosofosebic,bolos ki postmodernic waekideboda.

sruliad sxvadasxva kuTxidan?mizani ki SehkravdaT da SeakavSi-

rebdaT.rao, ras amtkicebda hegeli — is-

toria filosofiuriao?Sopenhaueri aRadgenda aristote-

les Sexedulebas istoriis arafilo-sofiurobis Taobaze. istoriaSi Rire-bulad swored is unda migveCnia, racmasSi araistoriuli iyo, xolo vincherodotesa da Tukidides yuradRe-biT waikiTxavda, SeeZlo erwmuna, romxelisgulze edo mTeli kacobriobisistoria.

ase rom: sinamdvileSi istoria koS-marad unda aRgveqva, misgan gakeTil-Sobilebis imedi ki... ganmanaTlebelTamier SeTxzul uxams miTad.

da mkvlevari yuradRebas migva-qcevinebda, rom hegeliseul elvareparadoqss:

istoriis erTaderTi gakveTiliisaa, rom adamianebs istoriidangakveTili ver gamoaqvTo;

Sopenhaueri swored hegelis wina-aRmdeg gamoiyenebda istoriis uarsay-ofad.

xolo istoriis Sopenhaueriseuliuaryofa unda daezustebina mis mowa-fesa da oponents nicSes, istorizmswarsulSi dayudebad rom monaTlavda,informaciebSi Tavis damarxvad, azri-sa da nebis dadamblavebad. da ganma-

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naTlebelTa mier naqeb „istoriul xs-ovnas~ daupirispirebda „daviwyebissibrZnes~, raTa jansaRi sicocxlismTeli saidumloeba daviwyebis unar-Si eZia.

da mkvlevarma amis aRniSvnisas...qarTul realobaSi unda gadmoinacv-los: es is unaria, rasac galaktionismesaflave qadagebso.

gagaxsendaT, ara? — qveyanaze vincki kvdeba, im wuTSive misi Crdili yve-la Cvengans aviwydebao... da dae ganes-venaT ganesvenaT daviwyebul arsTaZvlebs...

da kvlav ilias saxeba unda wamo-ativtivos, misi maxvili intuiciiTnaTqvami: moviklaT warsul droebzedardi, Cven unda vsdioT exla sxva var-skvlavso...

amiT ilia rom TiTqos Tavissave„istorizms~ ewinaaRmdegeboda?

magram mkvlevari am striqonebs amTvaliT gaxedavda: namdvilad ki isto-riuli cnobiereba da istoriis gar-Rveva, araistoriuloba erTadaa mo-cemuli cxovrebis daudgromel srbo-laSi da Cvens poets arcerTis dakarg-va ara surso.

maxvilgonivruli axsnacaa da sagu-lisxmo magaliTic maTTvis, romelnicmoCvenebiT winaaRmdegobebs eWvSeu-val realobad aRiqvamen da siRrmeSiCaxedvas aramcTu ver axerxeben, arc kicdiloben da iolad gamoaqvT ama Tuim moazrovnis calkeul Sexedule-baTaTvis sruliad sapirispiro gan-aCeni.

***nicSeseuli „daviwyebis sibrZne~

aRtacebda grigol robaqiZes da anal-itikur meTodad da gzamkvlevadacmoimarjvebda qarTuli erovnuli xa-siaTis siRrmeSi Casawvdomad, misTaviseburebaTa amosacnobad.

Tumca manamde:

***mimoxilviTi suraTis warmosaxvi-

sas ukve droa egzistenciis filoso-fosTa „lirikisTvisac~, sadac isto-riul cnobierebas sruli bankrotiunda ganecada: istoria adamianis sasa-flaoao — Cagagonebdnen — misi cno-bierebis SfoTiani Zili. adamianisgamofxizleba da namdvili yofa mx-olod istoriis miRma iwyeba. mar-toden aq gaielvebs sinamdvile — Cve-ni droebiTobao!..

da mkvlevari dasZenda, rom es iyoadamianis axali, egzistenciuri isto-ria, rac arafers agrZelebda da arcTviTon grZeldeboda raimeTi. is er-TaderTi unda yofiliyo (da mSobli-ur melodiad SemoiWreboda Txroba-Si galaktionuri: rogorc erTia qvey-ana mTelio...), oRond sruliad da-Sorebuli „samyaros~, rakiRa misTvispirwmindad ucxo gaxldaT simyare damTlianoba. anki rogor, rodesac egz-istencia da misi istoria sxva ara iyora, Tu ara winaaRmdegobaTa gamouva-li xlarTi, Seucnobeli labirinTi,absurdi...

Cveni drois frang filosofosebs,egreTwodebul postmodernistebs,wertili unda daesvaT istoriis da-savluri uaryofisaTvis, da TavianTiTeoriisaTvis amosavlad gaexadaTnicSes mtkiceba: „istoriuli sinamd-vile~ ar arsebobs. arsebobs ucnobenaze dawerili teqsti, rac itevs us-asrulod mraval ganmartebaso.

da miSel fuko am mosazrebas rommoeWideboda, dasZenda: nicSes Semdeguari unda eTqvas „WeSmaritebaze~ pre-tenziaso.

es imitom, rom:istoria ganmartebis Sedegad war-

modgeboda da ara sinamdviled — mxo-lod da mxolod istorikosTa naTxza-vad. aseT pirobebSi istoriis daweraise, rogorc „moxda sinamdvileSi~,gulubryviloba Tu SeiZleba yofil-iyo. aseT dros SeuZlebeli xdebodateqstis gansxvaveba interpretaciis-agan.

es niSnavda, rom Cven aRar SeiZleba

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gvqonoda aranairi teqstebi, aranairiwarsuli, aramed — mxolod interpre-taciebi da qaosuri awmyo, rac „aris daarc aris~.

da mkvlevari moadevnebda, rom:es sruli uaryofaa imisa, rasac Cve-

ni Tergdaleulebi ambobdnen istori-is gamoo.

— cnobiereba ganiZarcva istori-isgan. adamiani uTvistomo gaxda,xolo umomavlobisgan nevrozebiTdaavadda. is qvebSi Cadgmul „neilonisxes~ daemgvana, risi gacocxleba danamdvil mcenared gadaqceva mxolodteqnologiuri civilizaciis garRve-vas da bunebasTan dabrunebas ZaluZs.

didi Widili da Sexla-Semoxla as-texodaT germanel filosofosebs is-toriis gaazrebis irgvliv.

sadRac xom unda Tavmoyriliyo dadalagebuliyo maTi Widilis arsebiTigaremoebani.

da am yaidis wignis Seqmnas gamoi-wvevda zurab xasaias swrafva, warmo-saxuliyo istoriuli cnobierebis da-cemisa da krizisis suraTi dasavlurifilosofiis bolo orsaukunovanimonakveTis magaliTze.

suraTi — miukerZoebeli, Rrmadgaazrebuli da niuansobrivad gamo-kveTili, raTa arsebiTi garemoebanikanTieli iyos da, rac mTavaria, Tavi-sebur gzamkvlevadac gamogvadges Cve-ni sazogadoebriv-politikuri cno-bierebis gajansaRebisa da saxelmwi-foebrivi azrovnebis sabolood Camo-yalibebisaTvis.

es mizani isedac gamWvirvale iqne-boda, Cvens moRvaweTa saxelebsdrodadro romc ar gaeelva wignisfurclebze, axla ki avtoris es swraf-va savsebiT cxadlivia, miTumetes, romimanuel kantis, iohan herderis, iohangotlib fixtes, georg vilhelm frid-rix hegelis, fridrix nicSes, arTurSopenhaueris, osvald Spengleris,karl iaspersis, fridrix engelsisa dakarl marqsis istoriul-filosofi-uri Sexedulebebisadmi miZRvnili

analitikuri gansja ixsneba... ilia Wav-WavaZis saxeliTa da istoriuli xed-viT.

CaamTavreb am monografiul Txzu-lebas da rwmundebi, Turme raoden sa-Suri yofila misi Seqmna im istoriulgzajvaredinze yofnisas, kidev erTx-el rom dagvdgomia da bevri ram gva-qvs SesanarCunebelic, gadasafasebel-ic, gadasaazrebelic da Sesaswavlic,raTa saqarTvelom Tavisi Rirseuliadgili daimkvidros sakacobrio cx-ovrebaSi.

es wigni ar aris da arc SeiZlebaiyos pirwmindad filosofiuri gansjaTu gardasuli Jamis suraTebis warmo-saxva; da umdidresi masala, Cinebuladganwyobili da eqspresiulad motani-li Cvenamde, mZafri politikuri mux-tiTacaa gajerebuli, „germaneli fi-losofosebi istoriis Sesaxeb~ poli-tikur pamfletad rom ufro warmo-gvidgeba, Tumc es garemoeba mxolodamaxvilebs mis tevad Sinaarss da ko-mpoziciuradac mtkiced da moxde-nilad hkravs.

marjved amoxveuli kompoziciaSTambeWdavi xdeba dinamiuri, cocxa-li, laRi Txrobis, stiluri daxvewi-lobis wyalobiT, radganac zurab xasa-ias arsebaSi harmoniuladaa Serwymu-li mkvlevari da mwerali, filosofo-si da prozaikosi, da amitomac dgasfilosofosTa im mcirericxovan gu-ndSi, romelTaTvisac mniSvnelovaniaaramarto is, Tu ras amboben, aramed —rogor amboben.

amasTan, aris ara mxolod filo-sofiis istorikosi, aramed — TviTo-nac filosofiurad moazrovne, miuxe-davad imisa, rom sakuTari sistema argaaCnia... Tumc filosofiuri sistemaar SeuqmniaT arc semuel teilorkolrijs da arc geronti qiqoZes, sa-magierod saukeTeso stilistebi iyv-nen da filosofiuri azris Rrma xve-ulebis STambeWdavad da garegnuladiolad momtanni mkiTxvelamde.s

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***Txrobisa Tu analitikuri gansji-

sas drodadro CaerTvis qarTulimasalao...

rodesac sityva Camovardeba ber-linis universitetSi fixtes mier wak-iTxul leqciaze, sadac filosofiamiCneulia ara „mSral spekulaciad~,aramed samyaroze zemoqmedebis iaraR-ad, da moxmobilia misi sityvebi:

— moqmedeba! moqmedeba! ai risTvisvarsebobT Cven!

Zaldautaneblad amoudgeba gver-diT axalgazrda Tavadis ilia Wav-WavaZis „mgzavris werilebis~ sulis-kveTeba, sadac moZraoba cxovrebisdvritad aris gamocxadebuli:

— moZraoba da marto moZraobaaris, Cemo Tergo, qveynis Ronisa dasicocxlis mimcemi...

moqmedebisaken mowodeba fixtesupirvelesi maqsima rom iyo, am maqsi-mis erTguli darCeboda sicocxlisbolomde:

filosofia araa mSrali spekula-cia, cariel formulebSi qeqva... isgardaqmnaa, aRorZineba da ganaxlebasulisa. man unda Sehqmnas axali iara-Ri da mis safuZvelze — axali samya-ro da droo;

me sul unda vmoqmedebde, mirCevniaviyo iq, sadac vnaxav moqmedebisukeTes sarbielso...

ai, ukve Jan-Jak rusos Teoria Se-movidoda TxrobaSi, ganmanaTlebelTamtkicebis sapirispiro. isini, goneba-ze dayrdnobiT, arad agdebdnenTanalmobis grZnobas, rasac ruso mi-iCnevda zneobis qvakuTxedad da irw-muneboda: rasac guli aerTianebs,goneba acalkevebso.

goneba xom adamians sakuTar TavSihketavda da ugrZnobs xdida sxvebi-sadmi. amitomac gonebis istoriuliganviTareba zneobriv ukusvlas iwvev-da, da ra gasakviria, rom mecnierebisada teqnikis winsvla rusos adamianiszneobrivi dacemis mizezad gamoecxa-debina.

esec keTilSobili veluris Teor-ia!..

da imxanad ingliselebs Zalian romgaitacebdaT axali drois odisevsis— robinzonis — Tema, garda sxva mniS-vnelobisa, am TemiT inglisuri poeziadaupirispirdeboda samrewvelo civ-ilizaciis moZalebasac.

— etyoba, es moZraoba rusos argamorCenia mxedvelobidan. mas mudamesmoda bunebis Tavankara xma, rac ka-cobriobas Soreuli warsulisken ux-mobs xolme. mas sjeroda, rom „bune-brivi mdgomareoba~ idiliaa, xolo ve-luri adamiani — keTilSobili.

da am fonze Semocurdeboda akakiwereTlis saxeli — isic swored amasgulisxmobs mTieli primitivis daxas-iaTebisaso: erTi vinme axalgazrdaafxazia, am mTis Svili, rTul cxovre-bis uarmyofi, mcirediTac kmayofili.kargi Tofi, kargi xmali, kargi cxenida nabadi! ras inatrebs sxvas, amis metskaci misebr danabadio?..

diax, veluri mcirediTac ki kmay-ofiliao, — moadevnebda zurab xasa-ia baTus („gamzrdeli~) daxasiaTebas,da maSasadame, sxva adamianebisadmimtrobis naklebi safuZveli aqvs. ad-amianebs Soris uTanasworoba aq TiTq-mis SeumCnevelia. kerZod, es „bune-brivi uTanasworobaao~.

es idilia iyo preistoria, misi ar-sic da umTavresi niSanic!..

magram adamianis miswrafeba gaum-jobesebisaken, moTxovnilebaTa zrda,kerZo sakuTrebis warmoSoba da sax-elmwifos Seqmna gamoiwvevda preis-toriidan gamosvlas.

esec is pirveli istoriuli aqti,saidanac unda dawyebuliyo kacobri-obis istoria.

mkvlevarisaTvis amjerad ufromniSvnelovania is, rom hobsisa da ru-sos urTierTsawinaaRmdego TeoriebiTaviseburadaa morigebuli fixtes is-toriis filosofiaSi, da ara is, Turogor Seuqmna rusos Teoriulma Se-xedulebebma realuri safuZveli sa-

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frangeTis revolucias, ngrevasa daqaoss, kerZo sakuTrebis uaryofam ro-gor gamoacala adamians yovelgvaridasayrdeni, sruliad SeboWa da haer-Si gamokida...

umTavresad ki is, rom zneobriobismoTxovniT... swored zneobrioba das-ca da gaacamtvera... da kidec gansaz-Rvra marqsistuli Teoriis movline-ba, rogorc kidev ufro didi ube-durebisa kacobriobisaTvis.

TxrobaSi ager gansja datrialde-boda istoriis filosofiaSi raciona-lizmisa da optimizmis gamovlenis ir-gvliv — fixteseuli periodizaciismixedviT, mesame periodad saxeldebu-li xanis gularZniloba da TviTnebo-ba, urwmunoba da qaosi rom aRmoCnde-boda „TviTobis~ Camoyalibebis Tanmx-lebi procesi, rac unda daboloebu-liyo „TviTobis~ gadasvliT Tavisu-flebaSi, Sexedulebisa — codnaSi.

„TviTobis~ Camoyalibeba iwyebodaTviTnebobiT, rac TavisTavad sulacar warmoadgenda problemas, sxva siZ-nele rom ara — adamians sakuTari Tvi-Toba Tavisuflebad eCveneboda, maTigarCeva erTmaneTisagan ki advilirodi gaxldaT. da niSandoblivia, romTavisuflebis saxeliT Camoyalibde-boda da sul ufro Rrmad damkvidrde-boda „damoukideblobis afeqti~.

— aseTi mdgomareoba sruliad bu-nebrivad gamomdinareobda ganmanaT-leblobidan.

TvalsaCinoebisaTvis mkvlevari da-imowmebda kantiseul klasikur gan-sazRvrebas am moZRvrebisa Tu msof-lmxedvelobisa:

— ganmanaTlebloba adamianis ga-mosvlaa Tavisi arasrulwlovane-bidan, raSic igi imyofeba TavisivebraliT. arasrulwlovaneba uunar-obaa, isargeblo Senive gansjiT vinmesdauxmareblad. xolo arasrulwlov-aneba sakuTari braliT iseTi aras-rulwlovanebaa, risi mizezic gansjisnakleboba rodia. am dros adamiansgansja ki ar aklia, aramed — xasiaTi

da nebisyofa, vaJkacurad ixelmZRv-anelos Tavisive gansjiT sxvis daux-mareblad.

da maS ganmanaTleblobis devizi raSeiZleba yofiliyo?

ra da:— iqonie sakuTari gonebiT sarge-

blobis vaJkacoba!zurab xasaia dagvafiqrebda, rom

praqtikul cxovrebaSi Zalian adviligaxldaT kantis am klasikuri gansa-zRvrebis sofisturi ganmarteba, racniSnavda, rom adamianma gezi aiRo mra-valsaukunovani sibrZnisa da maRalizneobrivi principebis uaryofisaken,aqaoda sxvis dauxmareblad, vaJka-curad vxelmZRvanelob sakuTari gan-sjiTo. umecarma uaryo brZnuli azre-bi, radganac aRmoaCnda „vaJkacoba~,rom mihyves Tavis briyvul azrebs.

— Tu adre amis gamo ityodnen, eyoTavxedobao, axla SesaZlebeli gaxdaTqvan, eyo vaJkacobao. erTob ZneliSeiqna sibrZnis garCeva sisulelisgan,vaJkacobisa — Tavxedobisgan.

rakiRa es gamomdinareobda gan-manaTleblobis TviT arsidan da araraRac gadaxvevebidan Tu SemTxveviTigadaWarbebidan, mkvlevaris mtkice-biT, aRar unda gagvkvirveboda iliaWavWavaZis Civili zustad imave ga-nurCevlobis gamo, gamoTqmuli pub-licistur statiaSi „uarmyofelobaCvenSi~:

— sul yvelaferi air-dairiva.tyuili da marTali veRar gagvirCevia.qvena grZnobani zenagrZnobaTa adgil-as gameufdnen. codvam madlis pirbadeCamoifara, yalbi xalasad gadis da na-Zirala Tavankarad. TiTqos Wkuis dagonebis aReb-micemobaSi aRar iSovebasawyao codvisa da madlisa, tyuilisada marTlisa.

am amonarids ki or sxva amonar-idsac moadevnebda da dasZenda, rom:ori didi gonebis adamiani, fixte daWavWavaZe, erTi germaniaSi da meorecota mogvianebiT saqarTveloSi, zus-tad erTnairad arCevda da afasebda

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erTsa da imave istoriul viTarebas.fixtea da:— daumtkiceT mavans, rom misi

Sexedulebani uxamsia, sasacilo, uz-neo da saziano. es arafers niSnavso,mogiWris; me xom amaze mifiqria da Tvi-Ton momifiqrebia! fiqri ki yovelTvisdamsaxurebad iTvleba, radgan maszeSromaa daxarjuli. adamians undahqondes Tavisufleba, ifiqros TavisSexedulebisamebro. ase getyvis dagagaCumebs.

iliaa da:— kaci, magaliTebr, mogiTxrobT,

rom saqarTvelos sami aTasi weliwadiucxovria da... istoria ara hqoniao.eubnebi: Tu yovelive es marTalia, maSrogorRa gauZlia saqarTvelos dRem-de, ras Seunaxavs am sami aTas weliwad-Si da ratom mtvrad ara qceula amo-tola mtrebs Soris moqceuli? eh,Tqven ra iciTo, gipasuxebT: Tqven hosmTqmeli xarT, me ki uarmyofelio.Tqven Zvel moZRvrebas misdevT, me ax-alsao.

zurab xasaias SexedulebiT, Zneliadaasaxelo filosofosi, vinc fixtesgautoldebodes istoriulisuliskveTebiT, radganac igi cocx-lad grZnobda istoriis majiscemas daeWvic ar epareboda, rom didi istori-uli movlenebis SuagulSi imyofebo-da.

igi upirobod aniWebda upirateso-bas germanel ers: am erma Sehqmna mec-nierebis Sesaxeb moZRvreba, viTarcaistoriuli mniSvnelobis dokumenti,axali biblia mZlavri istoriuli gar-datexisaTvis, didi istoriuli mov-lenebisaTvis. da es axali biblia mom-dinareobs sakuTriv germaneli erisideidan, suliskveTebidan, geniidano.

am mtkicebas monografiis avtoriSeafasebda nacionalur mesianizmad— ama Tu im ers gansakuTrebuli upi-ratesoba rom aqvs da garkveul Jamsekisreba gamorCeuli msoflio-isto-riuli misia da misi aRsruleba.

— es movlena uZvelesi da marad aq-

tualuria. amave dros Znelad moiZeb-neba meore istoriuli movlena, masav-iT rom imsaxurebdes sruliad urT-ierTsawinaaRmdego Sefasebebs. misklasikur da uxrwnel nimuSs vxedavTZvel aRTqmaSi, RvTis mier ebraelTaamorCevisa da mikerZoebulad Seyvare-bis saxiT.

Tavis mxriv ki gaixsenebs, rom erTdros qarTvelebsac gvqonia naciona-luri mesianizmi, nimuSad ki moixmobsTxzulebidan „istoriani da azmani Sa-ravandedTani~ Tamar mefis meoTxehipostasobis ideas („...tabaxmelisabeTlem myofelman mun Sva Ze, sworiZisa RmrTisa~): Tamaris aseTi ganRmr-Toba qarTuli mesianisturi ideisgamoxatulebaao.

iseve rogorc es idea hqonia yvelaistoriuli mniSvnelobis ers da, maTSoris, somxebsac, biblias rom imow-mebdnen TavianTi mesianizmis dastur-ad — warRvnis Semdeg noes kidobaniararatis mTaze gaCerda, noe somxeT-Si damkvidrda, aqve aResrula da eCmi-aZinSi daikrZalao!..

qarTuli mesianizmis savaraudodasawyisad zurab xasaia himnografi-ul Zegls — „qebai da didebai qarTu-lisa enisai~ — miiCnevs, Tumc mis av-torad ioane-zosimes rom asaxelebs,es mosazreba karga xania gabaTilebu-lia Cvens filologiaSi: ioane-zosimegadamweria am himnisa da ara avtori.

eseiSi „vaJas engadi~ grigol roba-qiZe striqons rom daimowmebda am him-nografiuli Zeglidan: rameTu yovelisaidumloi amas enasa Sina damarxularso, — mis Semoqmeds moixseniebdazogadad, „erTi qarTvelis~ saxeliT,da mizezsac ganmartavda:

pavle ingoroyvas SesaniSnavi qm-nilebis „giorgi merCule~ Semdeg io-ane-zosime sabawmidel-sineli, dRemdeavtorad miCneuli sagaloblisa, said-anac es Tqma davimowme, unda CaiTva-los gadamwerad. avtori sagaloblisaki, saubedurod, usaxelod darCe-nilao.

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da mZafri emociebi moeZaleboda:oo, rom vicodeT misi saxeli, mar-

todmarto saxelic — raoden gavm-didrdebodiT! hoi, saidumloebav sax-elisao!

umTavresad ki mainc im Tvalsaz-riss aRiarebs zurab xasaia, saqarTve-lo RvTismSoblis wilxvdomil qvey-nad rom aris Seracxili. udides mniS-vnelobas aniWebs bagrationTa samefodinastiis bibliuri warmomavlobisrwmenasac...

qarTuli mesianizmi yvelaze re-liefurad da TvalnaTliv Camoyali-bebulia pavle ingoroyvas naSromebSi,saerTod ki am ideis irgvliv masalebsmkiTxveli moiZevs Cems monografiulTxzulebaSi: „ori dro: tragizmi, me-sianizmi, demonizmi~ (wignSi: „eri dabediswera~, 2010).

amjerad ki mivyveT Txrobas dasavsebiT gaviziaroT mkvlevaris mo-sazreba, rom: Secdomaa mesianizmislogikuri Sefaseba; imis gansja, Turamdenad Seesabameba mesianisturirwmena sinamdviles. rwmena xom logi-kur safuZvlebs ar dagidevs. is Zalaada, maSasadame, WeSmaritebisa da mc-darobis gareT dgas. rakiRa rwmenaadamians esaWiroeba ZalTa mokrebi-saTvis, marTlac ra mniSvneloba aqvsmis WeSmaritebasa an mcdarobas?

rwmenas, maT Soris mesianistursac,mkvlevari Seadarebda sibneleSi, saSiStyeSi mimavali adamianis mier SemoZa-xebul simReras, romelic mas Zalashmatebs.

sjobda es abzaci aq moTavebuliyoda aRar darTvoda: maS ra mniSvnelo-ba aqvs mis esTetur Rirebulebaso?

gasagebia, avtori rasac gulisx-mobs, magram mainc zedmetia esTeti-kuri Rirebulebis daknineba. bolos-dabolos, rwmena imitomac ganiWebsZalasa da mxneobas, rom garegnuladacmomxiblavia, mimzidveli, aRmtaci. am-itomac gwvdeba gulisgulSi, Toremmaxinji ieri ise dagzafravs, aRarcdafiqrdebi, SeiZleba Tu ara gamogad-

ges da egeb Zalianac gamogadges.amitomac mis esTetikur Rirebule-

bas Zalianac didi mniSvneloba aqvs.fixtes mesianizmi ki im realobidan

amoizrdeboda, rom prusiis naqebiarmia damarcxdeboda napoleonTanomSi da Zlevamosili saxelmwifopolitikur damoukideblobas dahkar-gavda.

da filosofosi cdilobda emoqme-da germanelTa sulieri Tavmoyri-saTvis, eri ar unda daTrgunuliyo,piriqiT, Zalebi unda moekriba. amis-aTvis ki saWiro iyo sakuTari gan-sakuTrebulobisa da gamarjvebis rw-mena.

fixtes leqciebis cikls „mimarTvagermaneli erisadmi~, misi mesianizmisam saprogramo ganmartebasa da gaazre-bas, nacistebi TavianTi ideologiispirvel nimuSebad rom monaTlavdnen,yovelTvis amayad daimowmebdnenxolme am filosofosis avtoritets.

1945 wlamde berlinis universite-tis saaqto darbazs daamSvenebda na-cistTa SekveTiT damzadebuli fixtesfreska — filosofosi mimarTavdagermanel ers.

mokavSireebi nacistTa damarcxeb-is Semdeg am freskas Camoxsnidnen.

da es Cveni mkvlevaris TvalSi sxvaaraferia, Tu ara liberaluri dasav-leTis mier nacistTa Secdomisa da,metic, danaSaulis ganmeoreba, radganam JestiT isini daeTanxmebodnen —gnebavT SegnebiT da gnebavT uneburad— fixtes mesianisturi mimarTvis na-cistur ganmartebasa da Sefasebas.

arada:— verc nacistebi da verc lib-

eralebi fixtes Sefasebisas ver gas-cildnen propagandistul demagogias.

da mkvlevars ukvirda, didi ing-liseli filosofosi da maTematikosibertran raselic maT Tanamoazredrom mogvevlineboda, am demagog-pro-pagandistTa: gqondes xasiaTi da iyogermaneli, uTuod erTi da igiveao,ambobda fixte. am niadagze man SeimuSa-

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va nacisturi totalitarizmis mTelifilosofia, rasac Zalian didi gavle-na hqonda germaniaSio.

da gasakviri rogor ar aris, radga-nac nacizmi Zaladobas qadagebda dagermanelebs msoflio unda aeRor-ZinebinaT usastikesi samxedro Zala-dobis gziT.

da gana ra saerTo SeiZleba hqono-da am danaSaulebriv swrafvas fixtesmoZRvrebasTan, adamianisa, romelicpirwmindad idealisti gaxldaT dagaregan avtoritets, miTufro Zala-dobas, istoriulad ganvlil safexur-ad miiCnevda?!.

germanelTa gansakuTrebuli misiaunda gamoxatuliyo mxolod filoso-fiuri azrovnebis gavrcelebaSi, aR-zrdis axali meTodis SemuSavebaSi,gamoyenebasa da mTeli msofliosaTvisSeTavazebaSi.

— netav raa amaSi cudi? Semoqmede-bis diadi nimuSebis sxvisTvis SeTava-zebaSi ram unda daganaxos „naciona-luri totalitarizmi~?! — Cvenc Sei-Zleba vikiTxoT zurab xasaias kvalo-baze, romelic am msjelobas ase gaagr-Zelebda: es gvagonebs liberaluridasavleTis mier sul axlaxan zviadgamsaxurdias „saqarTvelos sulierimissiis~ ganmartebas „provinciul fa-Sizmado~.

— dasavleTis am uSno liberalizmsmohyva meoce saukunis saqarTvelossaqmeebSi dasavleTis cudi Careva,sisxliani Zaladoba xalxis mimarT dasaqarTvelos iavaryofa.

da mkveTr qimunjs wahkravda lib-eralebs: fixtes rom uwunebT diadifilosofiuri ideebis SeTavazebasmsofliosaTvis, neta ki Tqven qmnideTda gvTavazobdeT aseT ideebs, vin iqne-boda amis winaaRmdegi? magram sul sx-vaa, rodesac qmniT friad saeWvo„proeqtebs~ da ZaliT gvaxvevT Tavze.amis winaaRmdegni diaxac viqnebiT dadaumorCileblobis dros sworedfixtes davimowmebT, Tqvens mier „na-cist totalitaristad~ gamocxade-

bulso.davZendi:daumorCileblobis dros davimow-

mebT —ilia WavWavaZesa da mis saxelmwi-

foebriv moZRvrebasac,dazviad gamsaxurdiasa da mis „saqar-

Tvelos sulier missiasac~.marTalia es isedac igulisxmeba

fixtes xsenebisas, magram gamWvirvaleqaragma pirdapirac viTom ratom arunda ganvacxadoT?!.

oRond esecaa:liberaluri dasavleTi TavisiT ki

ar daupirispirdeboda zviad gamsax-urdias erovnul mrwamssa da poli-tikur-saxelmwifoebriv gezs, aramedgaiTvaliswinebda rusul propagan-distul demagogias.

gulwrfelad wamoegnen kremlispropagandistuli manqanis mier gad-mosrolil ankess?

zedmeti sifrTxiliT moudrikesqedi?

Tu... isargebles rusuli demagogi-iT da Tavisi sargebelic naxessaqarTvelos erovnuli xelisufleb-is damxobaSi, kremlidan organizebu-li samxedro gadatrialeba rom gaxl-daT da „demokratiul revoluciad~ kimoinaTleboda axalmoweseTa moral-isa da azrovnebis kvalobaze?

artaxebSi mainc unda moeqciaTerovnuli mrwamsi, Tu mTlad ver gaa-camtverebdnen.

daemcirebinaT, daekninebinaT,yovelmxriv gaetexaT saxeli... faSizm-sa da nacizmTan gaeigivebinaT...

monografiaSi ki axla refleqsuriistoriac unda warmoCeniliyo hege-lis klasifikaciis Targze, gansxvave-buli pirveldawyebiTi istoriisagan,romelsac warmoadgenda herodotes,Tukidides, qsenofontesa Tu keisrisTxzulebani, umetesad maT Tvalwinmimdinare procesebs rom aRwerdnenda, pirad STabeWdilebebTan erTad,sxvaTa monaTxrobsac iSveliebdnen.

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maTi monaTxrobi cocxali gaxldaT daenawyliani, mimzidveli da eqspresiu-li.

istorikossa da sagans Soris man-Zili ar arsebobda, da arc refleqsiasmimarTavda mematiane, radgan Tvi-Tonve Sezrdoda Tu Sesisxlxorcebo-da mis mier gadmocemul sagans da argadioda misi farglebidan.

xolo rodesac dadgeboda refleq-suri istoriis xana, es gulisxmobda,rom istoria Tavis namdvil sagans —warsuls exeboda. istorikosi ukvewerda im xanaze, romelsac didi man-ZiliT daSoreboda. amitomac SeeZlomiukerZoeblad midgomoda daSeefasebina istoriuli ambebi. is am-oirTveboda awmyos Tavbrudamxvevitempidan da dinjad asaxavda warsulismovlenebs.

dgeboda miukerZoebeli Semecneb-is, wminda Wvretis viTareba.

mkvlevari yuradRebas migva-qcevinebs, rom istorikossa da sagansSoris arsebul manZilze saubrisashegeli imdenad dros ki ar gulisxmob-da, ramdenadac Sinaarsul manZils. is-torikoss xelT epyra uamravi gamo-cdileba sagnis Sesamecneblad da See-Zlo mkveTrad gaemijna mniSvnelovaniumniSvnelosagan.

amas Tavisi nakli sdevda Tan:istorikosi xSirad Tavisi drois

niSan-Tvisebebs miawerda warsuls daemarTeboda uzustobani. xolo Tu ammankierebisagan Tavs Seikavebda, maSinemuqreboda meore safrTxe — saganiSors imyofeboda da elvarebas hkar-gavda. da xdeboda istoriis Sekveca,individualuri gamomsaxvelobisaganganyeneba da ambavTa Semokleba.

Tumc meore mxriv:swored es nakli gadaebmoda Rirse-

bas. istoria Tavs aRwevda SemTxveva-Ta koriantelsa Tu boriays da is-torikoss gza exsneboda zogadi, say-ovelTao istoriisaken. refleqsuriistoria upirvelesad swored say-ovelTao istoriad warmogvidgeboda,

rac esoden gansxvavdeboda Zveleburi„kerZo~ istoriisagan.

sayovelTao istoria pirveldawye-biTisagan gansxvavebiT imas rom exeba,rac meordeba xolme?

amitomac miiCneven, rom misi saxiTistoria iZens pragmatul xasiaTs — isiqceva erTgvar Wkuis saswavlebel sa-Sualebad.

movlenebi nairnairi da gansxvave-bulia?

magram maTi kavSiri rom erTiania,amiT ki warsuli awmyos „uerTdeba~ daCveni Tanamedrove xdeba, da amas ukav-Sirdeba istoriis pragmatuli sazri-si, am mosazrebas zurab xasaia moad-evnebs:

am pragmatul sazriss CvenSi iakobgogebaSvili wamoswevda wina planzeda axalgazrda ivane javaxiSvilsuwunebda wminda mecnierebiT gatace-bas istoriaSio.

winaswar SeniSvnad ki amas ikmarebs:hegeli am davaSi javaxiSvils mi-

emxrobodao.da es imitom, rom marTalia germane-

li filosofosi ar uaryofda istori-is zneobriv mniSvnelobas, magramgvafrTxilebda mosalodneli im-edgacruebis Sesaxeb da arc Tavis iro-niul unars iSurebda, raTa emtkicebi-na, xalxebsa da mTavrobebs arasodesaraferi uswavliaT istoriidano.

rakiRa hegels ar surda, rom naTq-vami martoden gonebamaxvilur fra-zad CamoerTmiaT, mis gasamagrebladdasZenda, rom msoflio istoriis mor-evSi ver gviSvelida zogadi principian msgavsi magaliTebis gaxseneba, rad-ganac warsulis mkrTali suraTebi verSeedreba Tavisi ZaliT awmyos elvare-basa da Tavisuflebas:

— am mxriv araferia imaze didisibriyve, vidre berZnuli an romaulimagaliTebis damowmeba franguli rev-oluciis xanaSi. aki Zneli warmosadge-nia ufro didi gansxvaveba, vidre imxalxebsa da Cvens dros Sorisaa.

monografiis avtori am Tvalsaz-

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riss SemoaSvelebda fixtes Sexedule-basac, rogorc sabuTs Tanamedroveistoriografiis kninobisa:

— saxifaToa paralelebis Zieba is-toriaSi!

da kidev Sopenhaueris Tvalsa-zriss:

— visac herodote waukiTxavs, manfilosofiurad ukve icis istoria.„istoriis mamis~ naambobSi filosofi-urad ukve mocemulia yvelaferi, racSeadgens msoflios mTel Semdgom is-torias.

da kidev ralf ualdo emersonissentencias, marTlac aranaklebi sisx-artiTa da STambeWdaobiT rom gaime-orebda Sopenhaueris mosazrebas:

— troas omi imdensave gvaswavlis,ramdensac — safrangeTis revoluci-is analebi!

kargi iqneboda, am fonze cotaufro vrclad gaSliliyo iakob goge-baSvilisa da ivane javaxiSvilis po-lemikis ambavi, maTi imJamindeli gan-wyobilebani da ideuri Sejaxebis mo-tivebi da is garemoeba, rom... mogvi-anebiT ivane javaxiSvili gaiziarebdaiakob gogebaSvilis pozicias.

saqmec swored esaa, rom gaiziareb-da da im yovelives, rasac kamaTisasTavgamodebiT icavda, ukve sxvaTvaliT Sexedavda — nacvlad peter-burguli samzerisa Tbilisur gadmo-saxeds amjobinebda.

detalurad am kamaTis garemoebeb-sa da ivane javaxiSvilis Sexedulebiscvlilebis dasturs mkiTxvelidawvrilebiT amoikiTxavs Cems liter-aturul-publicistur statiaSi,romelSic polemikis faruli motive-bicaa gaxsnili: „maradiuli Widilisanarekli~ (wignSi: „mzis amosvlis win~,1997).

vrclad gaSla vrclad gaSlad, ma-gram egeb batoni zurabi sagangebodacdaukvirdes am polemikas da sulaccalke naSromi uZRvnas germanelfilosofosTa istoriul Sexedule-baTa gadmosaxedidan.

neta gviandel ivane javaxiSvilsacTu miemxroboda hegeli?!.

ise ki, mogexsenebaT, sxvaa damouki-debeli qveynis moazrovneTa midgomaistoriasTan da sxva — saxelmwifoe-briobadakarguli eris Svilisa, yof-na-aryofnis zRvarze rom imyofeba dayovel garemoebas, yovel „wvrilmans~gansakuTrebuli mtkivneulobiT gan-icdis.

rodesac istoriis freskebsac ise-ve SegiTeTreben kiriT, rogorc ekle-sia-monastrebis freskebs, iZulebulixdebi pragmatul mxares mianiWo upi-ratesoba da zedmet fufunebad miiC-nio wminda istoriuli WvretiT gata-ceba.

am TvaliT unda SevxedoT nicSe-seul dayofasac istoriisa sam nair-saxeobad: monumenturad, antikvaru-lad da kritikulad.

germanelebs TavianTi safiqraliaqvT, Cven Cveni sadardebeli gagvCe-nia.

rodesac Segvaxseneben: monumen-turi istoria gulisxmobs, rom is di-adi saxeebiTa da nimuSebiTaaSTagonebuli. mas hqmnis gmirulisuli, romelsac ver upovnia awindeldroSi Rirseuli sayrdeni Zala dawarsulSi eZebs maso, — umateben, romnicSe imowmebda goeTes gamonaTqvams:Tanamedroveoba ise mwiria, rom poetiaq ver poulobs misTvis saWiro saxeeb-so.

erTi SexedviTac TvalnaTlivia,rom monumentur istoriaSi nicSegulisxmobs ara imdenad mecnierul,ramdenadac poetur istorias. zurabxasaias ganmartebiT:

— daaxloebiT imas, rasac qarTve-li mkiTxveli icnobs ilia WavWavaZis,akaki wereTlis, iakob gogebaSvilisistoriuli poemebis da moTxrobebissaxiT. monumenturi istoriis nimuSadCaTvlida nicSe konstantine gamsax-urdias „didostatis marjvenas~ damissave oTxwigneds „daviT aRmaSenebe-li~

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ratom aris gamotovebuli Camo-naTvalSi vaJa-fSavelas sagmiro epo-si, xuTi poemis momcveli, homerosis„iliadasTvisac~ rom SeudarebiaT, daTund misi erTi epikuri nimuSi „bax-trioni~?

miTufro im fonze, rom — miuxeda-vad sulier TvisebaTa siaxlovisa —vaJa sakmaod mkacrad ixseniebda nicS-es saxels da abiabruebda kidec (nu ga-mogvrCeba, rom am mwvave kritikisasqarTveli epikosi gulisxmobda araimdenad TviTon nicSes, ramdenadacnicSeanizms, romelic gamrudda, bev-rwilad gayalbda da arsebiTaddacilda Tavis pirvelwyaros).

an ratom unda gamotovebuliyo va-sil barnovis mxatvruli epopeasaqarTvelos istoriisa, uSualod viskvalsac mihyveba konstantine gamsax-urdia?

da kidev...magram vaiTu am mimarTulebiT

fiqrma Zalian gagviyolios.xolo monumenturi anu poeturi

istoria im paradigmidan amozrdil-iyo, rom:

istorias hqmnis sulis sidiade,romelic gamudmebiT meordeba. erTx-el momxdari kvlav SeiZleba moxdes.

TxrobaSi Semodis monumenturi is-toriis meore mxarec — sidiadiT aRt-kinebul istorikoss rom uWirs zom-ierebis dacva da survili sinamdvile-Si ereva. igi midrekilia iqiT, rom ug-ulebelhyos gansxvavebani da gamoh-kveTos msgavseba, ganmeoreba. amiT kiistorias emuqreba erTgvari damaxin-jeba, Selamazeba da gamonagonTan aR-reva. xolo misi ukiduresi gamoxat-uleba is SeiZleba yofiliyo, romrodesac warsulis udidesi nawiliuyuradRebod darCeboda, mis mosawy-en, nacrisfer fonze aRimarTebodacalkeuli Seferadebuli faqtebi,rac xels Seuwyobda fanatizmis aR-mocenebasa da gaRvivebas, udides ube-durebaTa mizezi rom SeiZleba Seiqnas.

fanatizmi, cxadia, misi uaresi gam-

ovlinebiT da ara im SinaarsiT, akakiwereTeli rom gulisxmobda da amgancdas Tavdadebul, TavganwirulmoRvaweobasTan aigivebda, wrfelsada uangarosTan, da ver warmoedgina imadamianebs aResrulebinaT Rirseulisaqmeebi, fanatizmi visac ar aRanTeb-da.

amgvari „monumentalizmi~ nicSesratom aeWvebda?

ratom da:is aferxebs sicocxles, Semoqmede-

baso.paradoqsia, magram yofiTi sinamd-

vile Tavis nebaze rom daatrialebdayovelives, gmiruli sulis adamianTamier gmirobis Sesagulianeblad Seqm-nil monumentur fiqciebs sulmokleadamianebi sworedac piriqiT, gmiro-bisa da Semoqmedebis, Tavisufali si-cocxlis winaaRmdeg iyenebdnen. amfiqciebs isini umaRles nimuSebad sax-avdnen da axlis qmnas, Semoqmedebasmkrexelobad acxadebdnen.

Tanamedrove dakninebuli adami-anis saxsnelad nicSes Tu mainc egule-boda raime?

eguleboda da swored es:kritikuli istoriis damkvidreba.kriticizmi niSnavda, rom uargveyo

faqtebis grova, maTi SemTxveviTi er-Toblioba da CavwvdomodiT zogads.es ki faqtebis meqanikuri ganzogadeb-iT sulac ar miiReboda, radganac is-toria ar aris cdiseuli mecniereba.

TxrobaSi Semodis nicSes neokan-tianelTa msgavsi Sexeduleba, isto-riaSi kanonzomierebis arsebobas romgamoricxavs, da kidev ufro Sorsacmidis am mimarTulebiT:

neokantianelebi kmarobdnen imisaRniSvnas, istoria araa bunebis-metyvelebisnairi mecnierebao.

nicSe ki saerTod uaryofda is-toriis mecnierebas, misi mtkicebiT,zogadi, rasac kritikuli istoria Se-imecnebda, zeistoriuli sazrisi gax-ldaT, istoria ki misi amokiTxva war-sulis faqtebidan.

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nicSe gulisxmobda Semoqmedebasanu sicocxlis ganaxlebas istoriismosawyen msvlelobaSi. mxolod aseTmovlenebs eniWeboda istoriuli mniS-vneloba.

amitom nuRa gagvikvirdeboda, TunicSe istorias xelovnebis dargadufro aRiarebda, vidre mecnierebisa.masSi yvelasaTvis cnobili ambebi dau-viwyar Seferilobas rom iZenda, es is-torikosTa sityvis ostatobas ki aramowmobda, aramed misi sulis sidiades.

— marTlac, istoriuli Semoqmede-bis amokiTxva warsulidan SeuZlia mx-olod mas, vinc TviTonaa vnebuli amSemoqmedebiT.

vis SeeZlo didi pirovnebis — anuTavisi drois winaaRmdeg mebrZolikacis — Semecneba?

plutarqesnair didi sulis adami-anebs.

da amitomac gvirCevda nicSe, gve-kiTxa plutarqes paraleluribiografiebi da aRvsiliyaviT misisidiadiT. es Tu uwamlebda Cvensdakninebul suls da... sargeblobac esiqneboda istoriisagan.

mkvlevari yuradRebas migva-qcevinebs, rom aq nicSe ramdenadmemogvagonebs hegels, romelsac is-toriis udides movlenad gmiri miaCn-da, xolo istoriis filosofia drama-tuli Janris nawarmoebad, tragediadwarmoudgeboda.

da gansxvavebac rom aranaklebia amor moazrovnes Soris, am garemoebisaRniSvnisas mkvlevars savsebiT bune-brivad eCveneba, nicSe hegelis is-toriis filosofias ganmanaTleblo-bis WrilSi rom aRiqvams.

rakiRa nicSe ver urigdeboda hege-lis swrafvas — istoria yvelaferzemaRla daeyenebina, istoriuli ga-naTleba ki ganviTarebis uzado sazo-mad evarauda, metaforulad am pro-cess ase gaiazrebda: hegeli sokratesmier gaWrili gzis boloSi gavida dadaasaflava misi didi papis mier mok-luli tragedia da miTosio.

***adreuli xanis naSromSive — „mec-

niereba da sibrZne brZolaSi~ — sa-gangebod Caukvirdeboda nicSe sok-rates zemoqmedebis mizandasaxule-basa da masStaburobas.

Caukvirdeboda da... hoi, ras misdge-boda:

man gaanadgura eTikuri gansjisTavisuflebao;

gaanadgura mecnierebao;ar esmoda xelovnebao;amoglija individi istoriuli kav-

Siridano;da biZgi misca dialeqtikur mieT-

moeTsa da maslaaTso.sakmaod mrume ferebiT warmodgeba

sokrates pirovnebac da misiazrovnebis zemoqmedebis arsic da Za-lac, ara?

sinaTlis namcecic raa, isic arsadWiatebs.

da sokratizmsac Sesaferisad war-moaCenda, am zemoqmedebis uSualo nay-ofs da ara mis gamrudebas, rac araerTfilosofoss dastexia Tavs, misi xel-idan gamosuli moZRvreba rom calkerCeboda da mis mimdevarTa mier aRqmu-li — calke.

Tund TviTon nicSes rac daemarTe-boda, nicSeanizmi TviT misive Semqm-nelisa da moZRvris msoflgancdis sa-pirispiro polusze rom aRmoCndebo-da.

mainc rogor esaxeboda sokrati-zmi?

amjerad sam umTavres niSans gamo-arCevda, gansxvavebiT am moZRvrebismamamTavris zemoqmedebis daSrevebi-sa xuT niSnad:

sibrZned sulis seriozulad aRqma-Si;

mecnierebad, rogorc SiSisa da si-Zulvilisa aralogikur ganzogadeba-Ta mimarT.

da raRac gansakuTrebulad —rasac cnobieri da logikurad ko-reqtuli qmedebis moTxovna war-

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moSobs. aqedan Cndeboda ziani mec-nierebisaTvis, eTikuri cxovrebi-saTvis.

Zalian imetebs Tavis Soreulwinamorbeds?

garegnulad sxvagvarad arc iTqmis,magram damafiqvrelia, rom masTan ka-maTi nicSes sakuTar TavTan WidilT-an aqvs gaigivebuli, TiTqos Tavis me-ore me-s ver morigebiao:

— sokrate, unda vaRiaro, ise ax-los dgas CemTan, rom TiTqmis uwyve-ti brZola maqvs masTan gamarTuli.

unda vaRiaroo...TviTonve grZnobda, Cveulebrivi

kamaTis farglebs rom scildebodamasTan Widili.

amitomacaa mis mimarTac iseTi dau-ridebeli da ukompromiso, rogorcsakuTari Tavis winaSe, da mis pirov-nul bunebaSi rom SeuRwevia, amitomacamunaTebs ase Tamamad: ambob „mTels~im wuTSi, rodesac am mTels jer kidevyvelaze metad SeeZlo WeSmaritebisgamokveba, es ki gansakuTrebiT ironi-uliao.

nicSes moTxovnileba amgvaria:— yvelaferi daixatos (aRsdges)

miTosis fonze. miTosis usasruloumyaroba da talRovneba. kacs raRacufro myari enatreba.

miToss eTayvaneboda.miToss aRiarebda.miTosisagan gamocalkeveba albaT

samoTxidan gamoZevebisagan arc gan-erCeoda, samyaros dabadebis bibli-uri versia misTvisac sarwmuno romyofiliyo.

Zvel berZenTa cxovrebidan ki mx-olod imas afasebda, is esaxebodamokaSkaSed, miTosis sxivi sadac ece-moda.

sxvafriv sipirquSed warmoudgebo-da imJamindeli sinamdvile.

filosofosebs — erT-erT upirve-less sokratesac — Tavi gaeZarcvaTmiTosisagan, magram... neta rogorRaZlebdnen im pirquS ukacrielobaSi?

vera, verafrisdidebiT aexsna nic-

Ses maTi amgvari moqmedeba.mTel samyaroSi TandaTanoba rom

batonobs — yovel SemTxvevaSi, asedaebejiTebina nicSes — am fonze ga-iazrebda berZenTa umTavres Tvisebas:win mimswraf siswrafes, romelsacgarduvalad unda mohyoloda asevesaSinlad swrafi TavqvedaSveba.

rodesac elinuri genia TavisumaRles tipebs amowuravda, yvelazeswrafad berZeni maSin daiwyebda dace-mas.

da Sewyveta rom ewera am yvelafers,dacla da aRar avseba sicocxlis didformas, is kidec gaqreboda.

— iseve rogorc tragediaSi xdeba.erTaderTi, xarixasaviT gadebuli

Zlevamosili sijiutis — sokrates —gamoisobiT aq naprals aRaraferi eS-veleboda.

— masSi gvirgvindeba berZenTaTviTganadgureba.

am yovelives sawyiss ki nicSe imaSixedavda, rom... sokrate moqandakisSvili iyo. da erTxelac es gamomsaxve-li xelovnebani rom ametyveldebod-nen, isini zedapirulebad warmogviCn-debodnen.

da savsebiT bunebrivad undaaRgveqva, rom:

— sokrateSi, moqandakis vaJSi,zedapiruloba gamoCnda.

***ar wyindeboda sakuTar TavTan cxa-

re, Seurigebeli dava nicSes.da, ra gasakviria, rom arc sokrat-

esTan kamaTi wyindeboda.Tavis dazogva ara sCveoda?maS sokrates ratomRa dazogavda?..TviTgvema misi cxovrebis stilad

Camoyalibdeboda?sokrates gvemas ratomRa moeride-

boda.

***hegels rom usayvedurebdnen isto-

riuli faqtebis mimarT Zaladobas,nicSe — sworedac piriqiT, imas edav-

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eboda: faqtisadmi monoba daamkvidra.faqtebs Soris uaresi — logikis faq-ti gaabatona da mas ukmia gundrukio.

— es yvelaze uaresi miTologia dakerpTayvanismcemlobaao, — ukiJineb-da nicSe hegels, zurab xasaia ki moad-evnebs: igi swored hegelis sawinaaRm-degod arsze maRla ayenebs jerarss.amiT subieqtis cocxali Semoqmedeb-iTobis, misi Tavisuflebis gadarCenada xelaxla aRzeveba swadiao.

sagulisxmoa, rom mis cnobierebaSiZaldautaneblad SemoiWrebodagalaktion tabiZis striqonebi, hege-lis „sulis fenomenologiis~ STabe-Wdilebis qveS dawerili: zneobis si-tyva yrmas Tu Sehferis, gamocdili daSeudrekeli, sxvagvarad ismis oxvrabeberis, rogorc namdvilad ambobshegelio, — komentarad oriodstriqons rom ikmarebda: hegeli „be-bris oxvras~ aniWebda upiratesobas,nicSe ki, fixtes kvalad, „zneobis si-tyvas~ da mis avtors — siyrmes es-arCleboda. is evropis daberebas gvau-wyebda da axalgazrdebSi xedavda ga-mosavalso.

mova dro, adamianebi WaRarani dai-badebiano, —hesiode rom wuxda jerkidev rodis, nicSes rwmeniT, Tanamed-rove dasavleTSi aRsrulebuliyo eswinaswarmetyveleba — adamiani Sinaga-nad daberebuliyo, siberes ki sworedbebruli saqme — warsulisaken mi-bruneba, Sejameba, mogonebebSi nuge-Sis Zieba anu istoriuli ganaTlebasCveoda.

dasavleTSi mwuxriviT Camowolil-iyo egreTwodebuli „aleqsandriulixana~.

es istorizmi daberebis, sikvdilT-an miaxloebis niSnad rom warmodgebo-da, evropas sulieri gaaxalgazrdave-bisaTvis esaWiroeboda siyrmis filo-sofia, romelsac unda aerdaeria „mox-ucTa~ mier dadgenili Rirebulebani,ar morideboda wminda mumiebs da di-onisuri aRtkinebiT gaebijebina isto-riulad mojadoebuli rkalidan.

— swored aseTi filosofiis Semqm-nelad miaCnda nicSes sakuTari Tavi.

***istoriis samive saxeoba TavTavise-

burad gana sasargeblo ar aris adami-anisaTvis?

ratomac ara — SeumRvrevelni TudarCebian, pirvandel models Tu Sein-arCuneben.

magram gana SesaZlebelia yofiTrealobaSi im pirvandeli saxis gadar-Cena gaumrudeblad, daumaxinjeblad?

da amitomacaa, skeptikurad ganwy-obili nicSe ase da mxolod ase romfiqrobda:

— Cveni dro istoriis dacemis mow-mea.

am dacemis mTavari mizezi ki sxva raSeiZleba yofiliyo, Tu ara is, rom Cve-ni dro Seecdeboda istoriis gadaqce-vas mecnierebad.

amiT gana ra SeiZleba daSavebu-liyo?

Turme daSavebuliyo romelia:— amiT istoriam dahkarga sicocx-

lis msaxuris funqcia da Caeflofaqtebis usasrulobaSi. is gadaiqcaganurCevel, „obieqtur~, racionalurinteresad.

TiTqosda raoden elvarea da gul-SiCamwvdomi, STambeWdavi da Rrma-azrovani Segoneba:

— Tund daqceula mTeli qveyana,oRond ki WeSmariteba miiRwes!

eTikurobis, zneobriobis sazomi!..magram... Tuki WeSmariteba marto-

den wvrilmani mecnieruli sizusteaRmoCndeba da sicocxleze maRlacdadgeba?

ooo... esec „istorizmis~ zeobisdasawyisi.

aseT pirobebSi Cavardnili adami-anis yofis dasaxasiaTeblad nicSealegorias moiSveliebda:

TiTqos bunebas farTod gadauxsniakari gadamTiel stumarTaTvis. isiniki SuRloben erTurTSi da axla bune-ba cdilobs ar gaiWylitos maT Sexla-

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SemoxlaSio.Cveni mkvlevari ki Tanamedrove te-

rminologias moixmobda am alegoriisgasaTvalsaCinoeblad:

informaciaTa nakadma moSala ad-amianis pirovnuli Suaguli da Camoy-alibda Tanamedrove adamianis sao-cari winaaRmdegoba, rac ucnobi iyowarsuli kulturebisaTvis — winaaRm-degoba Sinaarssa da formas Soris.

nicSes guls uwamlavda is samwuxa-ro realoba, rom faqtebis ganurCev-el, Semgroveblur codnas Caekla si-cocxlis bunebrivi instinqti da gau-formebel, usaxo masalad dagrovebu-liyo sicocxlis nangrevebze.

adamiani rom „sulierebad~ monaT-lavda faqtebis am ganurCevel, Sem-groveblur codnas da... briyvuli si-amayiTac daatarebda?

magram simarTlisaTvis mzeris gas-woreba gulisxmobs, rom Cvenc sworednicSeseburad aRviqvaT es tragikulisuraTi:

TiTqos gvels gadaeylapos mTelikurdReli da gaunZrevlad iwves mismosaneleblad.

da nuTu am suraTis mxilvelT kvla-vac SeiZleba dagvejerebina im dasav-luri sazogadoebrivi azrisa, am Se-maZrwunebel „Sinagan process~... „su-lier kulturad~ rom asaRebda?

am fonze zurab xasaias unda Semo-etana Cveni istoriis is sagulisxmoStrixi, rom Zvelma qarTvelma icoda„vefxistyaosani~ da cdilobda ecx-ovra misi gmirebis magaliTiT, xolosxva gaxldaT ganaTlebuli adamiani,romelsac moexseneba „vefxistyaos-nis~ avtorobis, misi originalurobisproblema, misi daweris savaraudodro, misi mimarTeba neoplatonizm-Tan, qristianobasa Tu sufizmTan, misi„saidumlo Sifri~ da amisTanani.

esec is istoriuli codna, romel-mac mTlianad unda daikavos cno-biereba da... is Tavmomwone domxaladaqcios:

— ise gamodis, rom ganaTlebul

adamians, Zveli gaunaTlebeli qar-Tvelisgan gansxvavebiT, ar esmis vefx-istyaosnis sazrisi, misi sacxovrebofunqcia. ai am azriT, istoriuli ga-naTleba gaunaTleblobis tolfasia.

mkvlevari yuradRebas miaqcevs,rom:

nicSe gamohkveTda istorizmis sa-frTxes nebismieri adamianisa da xalx-is ganviTarebisaTvis, rogorc im gan-sacdels, romlis jansaRad gavlacmartoden rCeulT Tu SeuZliaT.

ager berZnebsac damuqrebodaT essafrTxe didi kolonizaciis xanaSi,rodesac Sexvdebodnen did aRmosav-lur kulturas da eziarebodnen mas;magram, sabednierod, maT aRmoaCnde-bodaT mZlavri araistoriuli grZno-ba, rac gadaarCendaT — isini aiTvi-sebdnen sxvaTa kulturas, TavianTstiqiaSi moinelebdnen da TavianT si-cocxles Sematebdnen.

da ironiulad dasZenda nicSe:— amis gamo Tanamedrove evropels

klasikuri xanis elini gaunaTlebelimoeCveneboda.

Tu nicSes davujerebdiT, Tumcufro wrfelsa da alalmarTals sadvipovniT, nicSes rom ar davujeroT:

ganurCeveli istoriuli ganaTlebasinamdviles cvlis sinamdvilis cod-niT. da esec saTave araseriozulidamokidebulebisa saganTa da saer-Tod sinamdvilis mimarT, riTac aseicnoboda dasavleTis adamiani. masemarTeboda erTgvari avadmyofuriganurCevloba sikeTisa da borotebi-sadmi, rac midioda srul ugrZnobe-lobamde barbarosobis ukidures gam-ovlinebaTa mimarT.

nicSe uformo Sinaarss rom Se-hyurebda anu bevri masalis daxorave-biT namdvili formis — sasicocxloinstinqtis — uaRres SemozRudvas, imavadmyofur mdgomareobas, romelsacsxva ra SeiZleba darqmeoda, Tu ara:SegrZneba abstraqciebis meSveobiT, —mkvlevars am Sefasebis fonze Zaldau-taneblad axsendeboda hegelis ara-

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nakleb elvare metafora, safrangeT-is did revolucias „abstraqciebiTdasneulebad~ rom monaTlavda.

da sagulisxmo Sejameba:— rasac dRes dasavluri civiliza-

cia hqvia, hegeli da nicSe daaxloebiTerTnairad Seafasebdnen.

am avadmyofobis istoriis gamokvl-evas adreve mieyvana nicSe sokrat-esTan, romelsac siqveled codna romgamoecxadebina, amiT moekla berZnu-li tragedia da gza gaekvala xelov-nuri, sulierad maxinji, susti adami-anisaken.

ise romi mainc rogor Seqmniliyoistorizmis msxverpli?

nicSes mtkicebiT:roms togiTa da SubiT ki daepyro

msoflio, magram veRar gamklavebodadapyrobil xalxTa istoriebs. maTireligiebis, zneTa da xelovnebaTa ko-smopolitur karnavalSi Tavbru dasx-moda, veRar SeenarCunebina TavisTava-doba da kidec gadagvarebuliyo.

da es istoriuli realoba moexmosicocxlis filosofoss momavlisgansaWvretad, radgan amave gardu-valobas xedavda misnuri winaswarxil-viT dasavluri kulturis mdinareba-Si, instinqtTa daTrgunva adamianebsTiTqmis abstraqciebad da aCrdile-bad rom aqcevda da veRaravin gabedav-da pirovnulobis gamovlenas — yve-las ganaTlebuli adamianis, mecni-eris, poetis, politikosis niRabi eq-neboda morgebuli.

filosofia, ra ggoniaT... filoso-fiis istorias daemgvaneboda, da Tumets waepotineboda, sulac umniSvne-lo Seiqneboda.

adamiani ki istoriuli ganaTlebisproduqtad iqceoda, raRac xelovnurwarmonaqmnad, ara ukeTesad, vidre...moazrovne da molaparake manqanaa.

SesaZloa zedmeti ar yofiliyo amkonteqstSi ruseTis imperiis xsenebac— mefisdroindelisac da bolSe-vikur-komunisturisac.

barem rusebsac berZnebiviT enebaT

koloniuri saxelmwifos mowyobisprocesSi marjved aeTvisebinaT dapy-robil xalxTa kultura, TavianT sti-qiaSi moenelebinaT da TavianTi sic-ocxle SeematebinaT, magram romael-ebiviT ufro daemarTebodaT — maTacTavbru daesxmodaT religiebis, zne-Ta da xelovnebaTa kosmopoliturkarnavalSi, veRar SeinarCunebdnenTavisTavadobas da kidec gadagvard-ebodnen.

da kidev uaresi suraTi warmodge-boda:

romaelebs rom damsgavsebodnen,Turme kidev ra uSavda, sulac maT par-odiad warmodgebodnen — sabWourirealoba, komunisturi politikurireJimis damkvidreba ukeTes gzas ankiras dautovebdaT!..

Tu xelaxla gamoicema „germanelifilosofosebi istoriis Sesaxeb~,kargi iqneba iq CaerTos sabWoTa sax-elmwifos politikuri realobis Se-fasebac — zurab xasaiaseburi lako-niurobiTa da maxvilgonierebiT.

miTumetes, rom monografiaSi masisedac uwevs msjeloba am saxelmwi-fos filosofiur-ideur safuZvle-bze, karl marqsis komunistur mo-wodebaze, romelSic apokalifsis mo-tivebi gaismis.

amjerad Tund es monakveTi gamo-varCioT:

miuxedavad revoluciuri sulis-kveTebisa, marqsi ar warmodgeba vol-untaristad, radgan „fantastikurimeZavisaTvis~ ganaCeni subieqtis nebaski ar gamoaqvs, aramed „istoriis Tx-unelas~, hegelis Tqmisa ar iyos — am„Txunelas~ uCinar, magram mouRlelfusfuss. xalxis mRelvareba da rev-oluciis diriJorTa mZlavri neba mx-olod garegani qafia, nacrisferi „Tx-unelas~ uCinari garjis gamovlena daara pirveladi movlena.

da rakiRa neba ki ara hqmnida, aramed— gamoavlenda, amitomac marqsi fa-talisti iqneboda da ara voluntaris-ti... Tumc marqsistuli „istoriis

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filosofia~ mainc fatalizmisa davoluntarizmis ekleqtur narevadwarmodgeboda, radganac mis fatal-izms SeuerTdeboda bolSevikurivoluntarizmi — komunisturi rev-oluciis apokalifsuri doqtrinaZalianac rom moewonebodaT, magram...fatalisturi lodiniT Tavs aRardaiRlidnen...

da vai da vaglax, rom istoriis msv-lelobis process Zalian daaCqarebd-nen. da am ukidures daCqarebas mohyve-boda saxelmwifo terorizmi — Tavi-si yvela gamovlinebiT...

***„ese ityoda zaratustraSic~ mTa-

vari gmiri sulis sami cvlilebisaucileblobas rom auwyebs mowafeebs,es gardasaxva amgvarad unda warimar-Tos: suli iqmnes aqlemad, aqlemi —lomad da bolos ki lomi — bavSvad.

istoriuli xanierebis simboloe-bad moimarjvebda am saxeebs tragiku-li filosofosi.

aqlemi, es amtani, Ronieri da mor-Cili cxoveli, ganasaxierebda RvTis-mosav adamians, romelic eTayvanebodaRmerTs da udrtvinvelad ezidebodaumZimes tvirTs — miRmuri samyarosarsebobis rwmenas.

— Sen xar movale! — esec is brZa-neba Tu moTxovna, romelsac usityvodemorCileboda „aqlemi~ — ufals anuidealur samyaros.

Tamaz buaCiZe dagvizustebs, romaqlemis saxe gulisxmobda kacobrio-bis istoriis ganviTarebis im safex-urs, rodesac adamianma gaiziara sam-yaros platoniseuli suraTi, brZenka-cisa, romelmac grZnobad, cvalebad,moZrav samyaros daupirispira ucvle-li, maradiul ideaTa samyaro — namd-vili sinamdvile, da upiratesobaswored am maradiuls mianiWa.

nicSes guli wydeboda, rom qris-tianuli msoflmxedveloba WeSmar-itebad miiCnevda am mcdar gaorebas;da RvTis rwmeniT aRvsil kacobri-

obas, erTgulad rom emsaxureboda„imqveyniur~, maradiul, ucvlelRirebulebebs, „jerarss~, Tavisimxriv aqlemad amitomac monaTlavda.

magram ai, umwires udabnoSi undaganmartovdes aqlemi da, samyarosraobaze Cafiqrebuli da meditacieb-Si gadavardnili, TandaTan eWvebiTaRivsos. eWvis sawyisi ki samyarosmetafizikuri gaorebaa; da eWvs romveRar ereva, kidec unda gailaSqrosadamianma-aqlemma imqveyniuriswinaaRmdeg, galaSqreba ki TavisTavadmoiTxovs am arsebis gardasaxvas lo-mad, daumorCilebel da yvelafris ba-ton-patronobis mosurne sulad, ro-melmac sul sxva moTxovna unda aRiar-os:

— me msurs!axali Rirebulebani moaqvs loms?ara, igi ar aris amis SemZle, miuxe-

davad Tavisi Zalgulovnebisa.da maS?..samagierod, uarmyofelia Zveli

Rirebulebebisa da... esec mtkicesafuZveli axal RirebulebaTa Sesaqm-nelad.

Tamaz buaCiZe migviTiTebs, rom„lomi~ ukve TviT nicSes Tanadrouliepoqis gansaxierebaa — nihilizmisCamowolis Jami, rodesac uari ecxade-ba yvela Zvel maRal Rirebulebas,dadgenil-dakanonebul movaleobas.da Zveli rom ingreva da fass hkargavs,ra unda moimoqmedos adamianma amRirebulebiT sicarieleSi?

yvelaferi unda daiwyos Tavidan, —gvirCevs „ese ityoda zaratustras~avtori.

lomi bolomde rom miiyvans Tavissaqmes — mospobs dromoWmul Rire-bulebebs, ukve adgils dauTmobsmSenebels, Semoqmeds, mas, vinc ar arisdamZimebuli ZveliT da yvelafersisedac Tavidan daiwyebs.

da ase gardaisaxeba lomi... bavS-vad!..

esec is axali dasabami, uSualoba,umankoeba, pirvelsawyisi, warsuliT

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daumZimebeli, „TviTZruli borbali~.da rac mTavaria:bavSvi gulisxmobs ara SiSvel uary-

ofasa da ganadgurebas, aramedSenebas, qmnas, RvTaebrivi dasturisTqmas, WeSmarit Tavisuflebas.

misi Semoqmedeba TamaSiT aRsrul-deba.

— samyaroSi, sadac aRar ismis Semo-qmedi RmerTis xma, Semoqmedi undaiyos Tavad „miwis~ erTguli adamiani.moTamaSe bavSvad gadaqceva gzaa zeka-cisaken da Tavad zekacobis aucilebe-li elementicaa.

amitomacaa aucilebeli lomis-aTvis bavSvad gadaqceva.

swored bavSvi iqms imas, Tanac iol-ad, laRad, TamaS-TamaSiT, rac yovladSeuZlebelia lomisaTvis.

da zaratustra, winaswarmWvreti amgarduvali realobisa, axali sufevarom unda daamkvidros samyaroSi,Tamamad unda warudges adamianebs dagardasaxvis igavis saboloo ganmarte-ba am apoTeozuri sityvebiT SesTava-zos:

— diax, Semomqmed TamaSisaTvis,Zmano, jer ars wminda dasturis Tqma:aw suls Tvisi neba hsurs, Tvis qvey-nierebas SeiZens qveynis damkargavi.

Tvis qveynierebas — axali miwiTada axali zeciT!..

da im zekaciT, romelic veras Sei-Zlebs sakuTar sulSi bavSvis Senar-Cunebis gareSe...

uCveulo, amaforiaqebeli, keTilismauwyebeli viTarebis winaSe vdga-varT.

sulis sami cvlileba da maradiulidabrunebis kidev erTi molodiniraRac axali didi dabadebiT unda ga-ciskrovndes...

dabadebiT, romelic...

***ise ki raoden momxiblavad erwymis

Txrobis am mZafri WidiliT aRbeWdilmonakveTs galaktionis lirikuligardaTqmani!..

galaktionis hegelianuri pasaJebiaraerTxel gauazrebiaT da sakmaodguldasmiTac ukvleviaT (jer martoTamaz buaCiZis Zieba rad Rirs am mima-rTulebiT!), da amjeradac raodenSTambeWdavad gamoaSuqa — Rrma azr-Ta natifad Cawurvis wyalobiT — ger-manel filosofosTa polemikuriurTierTSexmianebis moqceviT erTstrofSi, misi vrceli komentarisSedgenisas aucileblad gasaTval-iswinebeli rom iqneba zurab xasaiasmonografiis es monakveTi, TezisuradCawnexili Sexla-Semoxla iq, sivrceeb-Si...

***xolo Tumc amdeni filosofosis

naazrevzea gaSlili zurab xasaias amwignis kompoziciuri qarga, erT yve-laze gamokveTil nakads, erT yvelazemfeTqav ZarRvs fridrix nicSes tra-gikuli figura da umZafresi gulisWi-diliT aRbeWdili monakveTebi qmnis,mTels Txrobas rom gamosdevs, da isicsagulisxmoa, rom aramarto mono-grafiis SesavalSi xvdebian erTmaneTsilia WavWavaZisa da nicSes aCrdilebi,aramed mogvianebiTac, Suaguls romgadascdeba mkvlevaris mier aRdgeni-li suraTi — mimoxilvac da gansjacerTdroulad, kompilaciuri ierismiRma xelSesaxebad rom cnaurdebayovelives mTlianobaSi gaazrebisa dadalagebis wadili, ganaTebuli swore-dac filosofosis da aramarto filo-sofiis istorikosis TvalTaxedviT.

am xelmeore Sexvedrisas mkvlevarsmsjelobaSi Semoaqvs yirgizi mwerlisCingiz aitmatovis romanSi — „da dReiyo ufro grZeli wuTisofelze~ —metaforulad warmosaxuli antiis-torizmi — warsulis, sakuTari fesve-bis daviwyeba, rogorc mZime sneuleba.

aseT adamianad romanSi daxatuliaqalaqis erT-erTi funqcioneri mox-ele sabiTJani, romelic uZvelesi mon-Roluri imperialisturi warmonaqm-nis, manqurTis nayar ylortadaa miC-

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neuli.manqurTis anu:garegnulad warmosadeg mamakacs,

tyveebidan rom amoarCevdnen, Tavsgadaparsavdnen, Tavze aqlemis tyavsCamoacvamdnen da daawebebdnen, mere kiudabnos mcxunvare mzeze daagdebd-nen.

tyavis bususebi Tavis qalaSi romaRwevda saSineli tkiviliT, sicxisada tkivilisgan gamwarebul adamianswarsuli aviwydeboda. misi gankurnebaim tyavis mocilebiTRa SeiZleboda,magram es imdenad mtkivneuli iyo, romadamiani ver uZlebda da erCivna uwar-sulo droSi cxovreba.

uwarsulo manqurTi brmad emor-Cileboda mbrZanebels da araadamia-nuri sisastikiT aRasrulebda dampy-roblis yvela brZanebasa Tu davale-bas.

esec robotis pirveli nimuSi, rom-lis mTavari Tvisebac istoriuli mex-sierebis uqonlobaa!..

cxadia, nicSe SeuZlebelia yofil-iyo manqurTizmis ideologi, gone-bidan warsulamoSlili adamianisapologeti, da Tu istorizms upiris-pirdeboda, mxolod mis gadaWarbebulmxares.

am mxriv srul TanxmierebaSi imyo-feboda ilias Segoneba: moviklaT war-sul droebze dardio, — da nicSesdapirispireba TviTmiznur istoria-sTan. sicocxlis jansaRi ganviTarebamoiTxovs ara Semecnebas, aramed —piriqiT, Tavisebur daviwyebas.

sicocxlem rom bunebrivad iaroswin, saWiro xdeba warsulis nawilo-briv daviwyeba, „araistoriuloba~.esec bunebis brZnuli wesi, romelsaceyudeba cxovelis uzrunveli simS-vide. Torem warsulis gamaxvilebulixsovna asustebs awmyos namdvilobas.arseboba iqceva qmnadobis SeuCer-ebel, daudgromel nakadad.

rogorc manqurTizmia ubedureba,ise warsulis gafetiSeba.

uwarsulo dro da martoden warsu-

lad gadaqceuli dro erTnairad ab-rkolebs da sulac dasaRupavad ewevasicocxlis xaliss, ganaxlebisakenswrafvas, sulieri sijansaRis Senar-Cunebas, bavSvis, yrmis, Wabukis ltol-vaTa gadarCenas cxovrebis daud-gromel srbolaSi, raTa es srbola Se-uCerebeli iyos da drodadro sasike-To feriscvalebiTac aRbeWdili,raTa yvelaferi morevsa da qaosSi arSTainTqas.

ase ikvreba monografiaSi „qarTuliwre~.

ase gadaixsneba mravalmxriv sagu-lisxmo perspeqtiva Semdgomi kvleva-ZiebisaTvis.

egaa, es wrec ufro farTo SeiZle-ba yofiliyo da perspeqtivac ufroSors mimarTuli...

masalis mokreba arasodes dasrul-deba, es ki asea, Tumc esecaa:

arsebobs sasurvelic, saWiroc, ma-gram arsebobs isic, rasac aucilebe-li hqvia da misi gamotoveba ar egebis...

***Cvens istoriul fesvebs rom utri-

alebda grigol robaqiZe, qarTulierovnuli xasiaTisa da esTetikuribunebis xveulebs rom Casdevda, bedni-er mignebad miiCnevda fridrix nicSesmier SemoTavazebul „daviwyebis si-brZnes~.

aha, gzamkvlevic da analitikurimeTodic.

da aha is sxarti da elvare frazac,„graalis mcvelTa~ Semoqmedi uSurve-lad rom gaumJRavnebda yvelas mixakowereTlisadmi miZRvnil eseiSi, misyvelaze moxdenil daboloebadswored am dawurul msjelobas romamjobinebda.

— qarTvelni gulmaviwyni arian.Zraxavda Tu?..ara, ra Zraxva, radgan gulmaviwy-

obas udardelobasTan gaaigivebda,udardelobas ki — mziur jiSTan.

ufro aRmatebuli gansazRvreba kiraRa SeiZleba yofiliyo!..

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magram vinmes mainc kilvad rommosCveneboda, anda Sefarul ironiad?

aseT adamianebsac gaiTvaliswineb-da da maT gasagonad ganacxadebda:gulmaviwyoba arc ise dasaZraxisiao.

da mizezsac ganmartavda:— es rom ar gvqonoda, SesaZloa,

verc gadagvetana amdeni ubedoba,saukunoebSi Tavsdatexili.

maviwyia qarTvelis guli?magram Tu am guls erTi naperwkal-

ic moxvdeboda meore gulis cecxl-idan, maSin arcerT guls qveyanaze arSeeZlo wyaros xalasi TvaliviT gada-xsnoda sxva guls, rogorc mas: gadax-snoda gaxarebad da gasaxareblad.

da „gulis~ apologiad daiRvrebo-da, qarTul genialur sityvarSi amugenialuresi gamoTqmisa, romelsacTavisi xmierebiT verc laTinuri Sesa-tyvisi Seedreboda, verc franguli,verc germanuli Tu rusuli...

darwmunebuli gaxldaT grigolrobaqiZe:

xeluxlebeli rCeboda kera, sadacmyudrod Rvioda qarTuli cecxli.

saamisod ki Tavisi naazrevic egu-leboda, mogonebaTa is barduli, qar-Tuli xasiaTebi rom unda gamoexata,Taviseburni da koloritulni, im mTa-var xasiaTTan misaaxloeblad, gulma-viwyobas xidad rom gaidebda da mad-lierebas SeuTvlida nicSes aCrdilsam saboZvarisaTvis.

***nicSe — ukanaskneli didi qristi-

anio...germanel filosofoss ukanasknel

qristianTa Tavisi wre gaeCina saqa-rTveloSic, misi Saravandi aqac Zalu-mad rom gadmowvdeboda da Tavis naTe-baSi moaqcevda: grigol robaqiZesac,konstantine gamsaxurdiasac, daviTkasraZesac, konstantine kapanelsacda... im erekle tatiSvilsac, „ese ity-oda zaratustras~ rom umegzurebdada niko samadaSvilsac gamozrdidanicSeanuri xedvis lirikosad.

da beTaniidan rom daeSveboda amxilviT SeZruli poeti: usinanulodvtovebdiT taZars ukanaskneli qris-tianebio, — TanamgzavrTa Soris nic-Ses aCrdilsac igulisxmebda, erekletatiSvils rom dandoboda, romelsac,misi zegavleniT, warmarT Tvalebzeqristes wyevla hqonda akruli, bnelgeTsimaniis baRSi didxans truba-durobda da golgoTaze RmerTebisjogi elandeboda... es molandeba, esSexvedra arc eWaSnikeboda da... sivr-ceebisaken cerad gauxvevda...

sadac ginda Caxede niko samadaSvi-lis poetur krebuls, yvelgan ielvebszaratustras Semoqmedis tragikulisilueti, namsxvrevebad, namfleTe-bad, rogorc misi sulieri winamorbe-di dionise — ganwvaluli RmerTi,ieso qristes saxebas rom unda gadaW-doboda nicSeanur xilvebsa da warmo-saxvebSi da golgoTaze mis saxebasacZaldautaneblad unda SemoenaTebina— dionisesi.

dionise da ieso macxovari... erT-saxovnebad, erTimeoris ipostasebad!..

sxvagvarad verc aRiqvamda am Zvel-TuZveles RvTaebas germaneli filo-sofosi da axali rjulis dafuZnebiswinaSe mdgari, Tu ara — masac jvarc-mulad.

am simbolur saxebas konstantinegamsaxurdia saqarTvelos bedis-werasTan gaaigivebda — cxadad da xe-lSesaxebad!.. da meti TvalsaCinoebi-sa da STambeWdaobisaTvis sulac ro-manis saxelwodebad amjobinebda: „di-onisos Rimili~.

niko samadaSvilis xilvebSi es ga-igiveba striqonebs Soris igulisxme-boda, oRond ise gamWvirvaled, didiram Cxreka ar esaWiroeba mis amoc-nobas.

xolo monografiis avtori hegelisnaazrevidan rom gamoixmobda feniqsismimarT aRvlenil diTirambs, miTiurifrinvelisa, Tavs rom iwvavda da Sem-deg ferflidan kvlav aRdgeboda,raTa filosofoss es miTi ase ganezo-

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gadebina: yvelaferi iferfleba daisev aRdgebao, — dasZenda, rom mogvi-anebiT nicSec moixibleboda am saxiTda maradiuli dabrunebis idea sworedaqedan gauelvebda cnobierebaSi. igixom „diad aRmosavlur pesimizms~ am-oikiTxavda am mxatvrul saxeSi.

— orive protestant filosofossmoswons es saxe imis gamo, rom igigamoxatavs cvalebadobis sufevasqveynad; imas, rasac heraklitem „pan-ta rei~ uwoda. yovelive grZnobadi dakonkretuli danacrdeba maradiulimsoflio cecxlisgan da aq arca ra Se-qmnila adamianis bednierebisTvis.

amis gamo poeti SeiZleba wuxdeslamazad, rogorc Tund fridrixSileri: sastiki sinamdvile realobasewinaaRmdegebao?

da am sevdisagan ibadebodes mSve-nieri romantizmi?

magram mklevarma unda Segvaxsenosfilosofosis mrwamsi, rom: sinamd-vile poetis idealebze metia. amito-mac igi ki ara wuxs idealebis msxvre-vis gamo, aramed brZnulad Seimecnebsam msxvrevis aucileblobas. da misi„falavani~ grZnobadi adamianisTvismarad miuwvdomeli aucileblobaa:

— msoflio sulis ufleba yvelakerZo uflebaze maRla dgas!

amaze didi „imoralizmi~ da „adami-anis gadalaxva~ marTlac warmoud-geneli rom aris, zurab xasaia aq eZebsnicSes azrovnebis gansxvavebas hege-lisagan: man es yvelaferi ganicada anu„nerviulad Tqva~, hegelisagan gansx-vavebiT, „nerviuli profesoriao~.

maS rogor SeiZleba isini warmomd-gariyvnen paralelur biografiaTaWrilSi, oRond ara plutarqeseburidetalizebiT, aramed uecari gaelve-biT?

rogor da:hegeli — stoelTa da spinozas

memkvidre — rogorc unervo goneba;nicSe — tragikuli epoqis gaSiSv-

lebuli nervi.nicSes arsebaSi erTmaneTis gver-

diT isunTqebdnen „angelosi~ da „sas-tiki demoni~ anu poeti da filosofo-si;

xolo hegeli — namdvili luTera-ni da kalvinisti — Cahklavda sakuTarTavSi poets, saerTod grZnobad adami-ans.

amitomac veRar Caeteoda hegelifeniqsis saxeSi da gadalaxavda mas. daTvaluwvdenel cvalebadobas, erTisada imaves ganmeorebis STabeWdilebasrom tovebs, ganmartavda winsvlad.

swored ase, winsvlad moenaTlaamaoeba amaoebisaTvis.

***monografiaSi moxmobilia citata...oRond es mas Semdeg, rac aRiniSne-

ba, rom Sexeduleba, romelic amaoebasamaoebaTa acxadebs winsvlad, mudamgaugebari darCeba adamianisTvis datyuilubralod nu SevecdebiT misilogikis naTelyofas, radgan es ufroludvig van beThovenis mecxre simfo-niis finals gvagonebs, vidre logikurazrs.

da ai, is amonaridic:— magram feniqsis saxe mxolod azi-

uria, aRmosavluria da ara dasav-luri. suli, raic acamtverebs Tavisiarsebobis sxeulebriv garss, ara mx-olod gadadis sxva sxeulebriv gars-Si da ara mxolod ganaxldeba fer-flisgan, aramed aRzevdeba, amofrin-deba ufro wminda sulad.

— es xom nicSes zekacis Tvalsazri-siao, — uneblieT dacdeba zurab xas-aias, miuxedavad imisa, rom esstriqonebi hegelis naazrevidan aqvsgadmotanili.

amis gamokveTa ki imisaTvis sWird-eba, raTa didi sulieri siaxlove war-moaCinos hegelis zekacsa (absolutursulsa) da nicSes zekacs Soris.

orive jojoxeTis demonia.oRond:sxvadasxva stiqiisagan naZerwni.es sxvadasxva stiqia ra aris da:nicSes zekaci —

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masa cecxlovani.hegelis zekaci, absolutur sulad

saxeldebuli —zodi yinulis.safuZveli ki am gansxvavebisa sxva

ra SeiZleba yofiliyo, Tu arafilosofosTa sxvadasxva suliskveT-eba, yvelaze xelSesaxebad kvlavacmetaforulad rom unda gagviTvalsa-Cinon:

hegeli —cecxli, yinulSi gamomwyvdeuli da

mborgavi!..nicSe —cecxlSi gadasrolili yinuli!..

***hegelis azrovnebaSi mkvlevari

epoqismier niSnebsac xedavs, Torem armiiCnevda, rom Cvens droSi igi nicSedan haidegerad gadaiqceoda, da maSaranaklebi zizRiTac ganikiTxavdaaxal droebas da gmiruli sulis dace-mad Seracxavda Cvens „liberalurdemokratias~.

xolo stilisturad:— Tavs Seikavebda akviatebuli

logikuri sqemebisagan da sxva stilsSearCevda Tavisi azrebis gadmosace-mad.

advili misaxvedria, rac igulisxme-ba:

Tuki hegeli nicSes msgavs pirovne-bad unda gardasaxuliyo, weris maner-ac miseburi gamoumuSavdeboda, imSTagonebiT aRvsili, saxarebas romdaesesxeboda, mis zogad stilistikas,da qadagebebs poeturi suliT ga-JRenTda.

mkvlevari Jan-Jak rusos fridrixnicSes sulier papad rom moixseniebs,dasZens, rom Tavis droze masac sur-da axali saxarebis Seqmna, Tumc stil-urad misi ganmeoreba arc ucdia.

amJamad ki nicSesaTvis davrdomiliadamianis aRdgena, lazares gacocx-leba rom iqceoda cxovrebis miznadda Tanamedrove evropelis gankur-nebas qristeseuli vnebiT lamobda,

maxarebelTa stilur manerasac amit-om daisaWiroebda, rom rusos Txzu-lebebSi swored es daakldeboda guls— axali sityvis qadagebas Sesaferisisamosi da yalibi aklda, amitomac Si-nagani eqspresia garegnul eqstazSiveRar gadaizrdeboda.

da amitom erTaderTi, risi miRwe-vac rusos sityvas SeeZlo, revoluci-is gamowveva iyo — garemomcveli si-namdvilis garegnuli cvlilebisa, ma-gram nicSe xom adamianis zneobrivferiscvalebas eswrafoda, esferiscvaleba ki saxarebiseuli stil-istikis gareSe yovlad SeuZlebeliiqneboda.

da mkiTxveli paradoqsis winaSeunda aRmoCeniliyo:

— saxarebis stiliT dawerilmoZRvrebaSi gadmocemuli iyo saxare-bis sruliad sawinaaRmdego Sinaarsi.nicSes dasavleTeli adamianissulieri dakninebis erT-erT mTavarmizezad qristes moZRvreba miaCnda.maSasadame, zaratustras axali sax-areba sruliad ewinaaRmdegeboda max-arebelTa mier gadmocemul qristessityvasa da mcnebas.

am garegnuli paradoqsis miRmaraRac Rrma azri xom ar ifareba?

CvenTvis Tu jerac miuwvdomelirCeba es Rrma azri, cxadia, es ar niS-navs, rom saerTodac auxsnelia...

xolo dasneulebuli evropulikulturisaTvis nicSes mier dasmuliskandaluri diagnozis erT-erT waxna-gad mkvlevari istoriulobas rommoixseniebs, amitomac ganixilavs de-talurad istorizmsac da istoriisnicSeseul sam nairsaxeobasac, romlisrkalebSic vtrialebT, oRond bedsmindobilni da gulxeldakrefilnisulac ara, mTeli arsebiT vawydebiTaqeT-iqiT da gamosavals veZiebT, raTaumZafresma sulierma tkivilebma Cve-ni drois didi gonebani mainc aRar mi-iyvanos ukidures sasowarkveTilebasada SeSlilobamde...

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***nicSe — ukanaskneli didi qris-

tianio...ironiiT Tu?..erTi SexedviT sxva ra SeiZleba if-

iqro?da maS... ukanasknel qristianTa

qarTuli gundis wevrebi?esenic — viTom ironiulad?magram Tuki „ese ityoda zaratus-

tras~ ar SevxedavT rogorc axaliaRTqmis jufT qmnilebas, aramed —rogorc mis uSualo gagrZelebasa dasulac mexuTe saxarebas — TviTonnicSe aki ase miiCnevda am filosofi-ur romans — yvelaferi Tavis adgil-as dadgeba.

germanel filosofoss xom guls isaklda, ieso qristem Zalze naadrevadrom daasrula amqveyniuri arsebobada misma qadagebebma da moZRvrebamSeadgina mxolod siWabukis wigni, ma-Sin rodesac mowifuli ieso da miTu-metes xanSiSesuli ukve daagrovebdaim sibrZnes, rac TviTonve gamijnavdaTavisi axalgazrdobisdroindelinaazrevisagan da aiyvanda im ufro ma-Ral safexurze, misi sulierebisa damasStabis pirovnebas rom Sehferoda.

ai, maSin aRar gaxdeboda saWiro „eseityoda zaratustras~ Seqmna amdenisaukunis Semdgom, radganac ese yov-els imTaviTve ityoda TviT iesoqriste.

sworedac igi warmodgeboda imzekacad, romlis movlinebasac aseTidaumcxrali JiniT elodeba zaratus-tra da cdilobs Sesaferisi pirobe-bic moamzados misi gamocxadebi-saTvis, Torem an zekaci aRar mogvev-lineba da an misi gamocxadeba veravi-Tar nayofs ver gamoiRebs, veranairgamoZaxils ver hpovebs davrdomilida daClungebuli adamianis gulsa dagonebaSi.

macxovars rom dascloda, igi jerkidev rodis ganacxadebda: RmerTimokvdao!..

da es misTvis aranairi tragedia ar

iqneboda.zurab xasaia yuradRebas migva-

qcevinebs, rom TviTon nicSe pirovnu-lad udides tragediad miiCnevda Rm-erTis sikvdils, magram misi Teorii-saTvis amas arsebiTi mniSvneloba arhqonda, radganac nicSe sxva gaxldaTda misi ideali, zekaci ki — sxva.

— zekaci isaa, vinc uRmerTod cx-ovrobs da amaSi xedavs Tavisi Tavisu-flebis upirveles pirobas.

esec is „damoukideblobis afeq-tiT~ Sepyrobili adamiani, romelsacfixte ase marjved SeniSnavda da mesa-me, gardamavali epoqis adamianad Seic-nobda. is sinamdvileSi „dasrulebulicodvianobis~ mimarTulebiT ganvi-Tardeboda da zekacad iqceoda.

erTaderTi, rac jer kidev SemorCe-boda fixtes utopiidan, romantikuliesTetizmi aRmoCndeboda.

— „zekaci~ sruli antipodia fix-tes zneobrivi adamianisa, magram hgavsmas Sinagani sidiadiT, gmiruli su-liT. nicSes „RmerTi mokvda!~ niSnav-da qristianuli, zneobrivi RmerTissikvdils. xolo diadi, yoveldRi-urobaze upirobod amaRlebuli, gmir-uli sulis „RmerTi~ ganagrZobda ar-sebobas zekacis saxiT.

istoria miedineboda.— „zekaci~ cxovrobda RmerTiviT

da TviTon hqmnida istorias. es aRariyo Zveli, mizanmimarTuli istoria,magram iyo axali, „kritikuli isto-ria~.

swored is, istoriis sami nairsaxeo-bidan mesame da umTavresi.

***agrZelebda fridrix nicSes axal

aRTqmas da veRarc agrZelebda.SeSvelebas lamobda ieso qriste-

saTvis, magram ver eSveleboda.axali mrwamsi Semohqonda, magram es

mainc ar iyo is axali, romelic gansx-vavebul rjuls daafuZnebda, gamo-suls saxarebidan — iseve rogorc is-lami amozrdiliyo misgan — da Tanac

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imgvars, axali aRTqma Zveli aRTqmiTZalian rom davalebuliyo, magram misisazRvrebi gadaelaxa uRrmes saidum-loSi SeWris wyalobiT.

Zvel aRTqmas axali aRTqma mohy-oloda, axal aRTqmas — islami.

erTierTmaneTisagan gamomdinare-ni.

nicSeanizmi ganudgeboda islams daisic uSualod axal aRTqmas daewafe-boda, magram...

dawafeba dawafebad rCeboda, gagr-Zelebis Jini gagrZelebis Jinad, rad-ganac raRac uxilavi mijna arafris-didebiT ar anebebda nicSes im saidum-loebaSi SeWras...

***aRtacdeboda feniqsis saxiT hege-

li.aRtacdeboda feniqsis saxiT nicSe.aqaa, misi TviTdawvis aqtSia gasim-

boloebuli cvalebadobis sufevaqveynado, — es aRTqma bevrs niSnavdaorive filosofosisaTvis, nicSe mara-diuli dabrunebis ideiTac rom aRin-Teboda am miTosuri epizodis warmod-genisas Tavis tragikul xilvebSi.

feniqsi anu faskunji: Cveni jados-nuri zRaprebisa da saerTod CvenicnobierebisaTvis am saxeliT ufrocnobilic da gaSinaurebulic, erekletatiSvilis saxis gaazreba faskunjadkidev ufro rom dagvaaxloebda am mi-Tiur frinvelTanac da mistikurigardaqmnis idumal procesTanac.

da es gaigiveba sad, Tu ara niko sa-madaSvilis poetur xilvebSi, kaci-faskunjis metaforas erekle tatiS-vilTan rom mivyavdiT:

— am dros xelebSi gveli giWiravs,da Tvalebidan moCans faskunji.

— sad, vin SeigrZnobs im kacisTvalebs, kaci, romelic xan faskunjia.

— ase godebda mkaTaTvis Rameskaci-faskunji Tvalebwyeuli. gulsayolebda xandazmul naRvels isedacgulSi gamomwyvdeuli.

— iqneba maSin wamovdgeT bodvad,

WkuaSemcdari vnaxoT qveyana da TanvidardoT: ra iqneboda, netav faskun-jic wamogveyvana.

erekle tatiSvili, rogorc fas-kunji, unda daferfliliyo, raTa xe-laxla Sobiliyo.

da es imitom, rom srulyofiladganecada „ese ityoda zaratustras~Sinagani cecxlic da xiluli eqs-tazic, am samyaroSi Cafluli adviladrom miakvlevda Txrobis mZafr ritmi-kasa da momxiblav melodiurobas amyvelasa da aravisTvis Seqmnili wign-is qarTulad ametyvelebisas.

axali aRTqmis qarTul Targmansstilur Targad daidebda da ritmsada melodias daesesxeboda — amxelaganZi epyra xelT da marjved rogor armoargebda axali Jamis winaswarmetyve-lur qmnilebas.

da ase neba-uneblieT gasdebda xidsmTawmindelebTan.

leqsikas axals SearCevda, magramfrazis mimoxras im stilur manerasmouarSiebda da im poeturi sunTqviT,gznebiTa da almodebuli vnebiTaRavsebda, iseTi STabeWdileba romdagrCeboda, es filosofiuri romanigermanel moazrovnes... qarTuladdauweriao.

zaratustras idumal fiqrebSiSeeRwia erekle tatiSvils.

fridrix nicSes sulis kunWulebimimoevlo grZneuli mzeriT da german-uli qadagebani Tavisad eqcia, qarTu-li enobrivi sivrcis srulfasovannawilad, enobrivi artistizmisa dadResaswaulis TvalnaTliv dasturad.

da didxans, didxans utrialebda„ese ityoda zaratustras~ Seqmnis mi-zans, filosofosi TiTqos rom ar ma-lavda, magram mainc idumalebaSi ikar-geboda misi Canafiqri.

eseiSi „fridrix nicSe~ bevr raimesgamoarkvevda germaneli moazrovnismsoflxedvisa, rogorc axali sityvismqadageblis, migvaaxloebda mis suli-er qartexilebTan, uaRres tra-gizmTan, magram... mTavari mainc

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gamoucnobi rCeboda.mainc ras eltvoda, ras mieswrafo-

da, ris ZebnaSi levda suls es tra-gikuli pirovneba?

RmerTis ZiebaSi rom awydebodaaqeT-iqiT, yelSi burTgaCrili, esTavisTavad, magram sad, sad Wvretdadidi ganaxleba-feriscvalebis saw-yiss?

striqonebs Soris unda mihyolodierekle tatiSvilis eseis siuJets.

narTaulebsa da miniSnebebSi undaamogecno, iseT narTaulebsa da miniS-nebebSi, rac egeb TviTon filosofo-sisTvisac ar yofila cxadi da amito-mac erCivna erTgvari nisliT Semoe-blanda.

nicSe — ukanaskneli didi qris-tianio...

da erekle tatiSvilic — uka-nasknel did qristianTagani...

sikvdiliT Tu ganmanaTleblobisxanas moekla RmerTi, daberebiT jerkidev maSin unda daberebuliyo, raRacdidi siaxle rom mowyurdeboda kaco-briobas da... kidec moevlineboda xi-lul samyaros ieso qriste, rogorcmamaRmerTis ganaxleba da axali sic-ocxliT aRvseba... magram dro gadio-da da... ieso qristesac unda dadgomo-da siberis Jami, marad Wabukad verdarCeboda — ufro sworad, rogor ardarCeboda da rogor ar ganicdidaferiscvalebas, magram misagnebi gax-ldaT is axali garsi, romelSic xelax-la daibadeboda: mamaRmerTi — ZeRm-erTi da...

am zRurblTan idga nicSe — Tvi-Tonac jvarcmuliviT xelapyrobili,dionises ganwvalul sxeulsac rom araSorebda mzeras, magram... zekaczeukeTesi vera epovna ra.

hegeli absoluturi sulis ierisgamokveTisas neba-uneblieT mamaRm-erTs gulisxmobda, Zveli aRTqmisufals Tavisi im simkacriT, isakis msx-verplad Sewirva — Tund gamocdadabraamis rwmenis Sesamowmeblad —arad rom uRirda, anu is moTxovna, rac

sruliad warmoudgeneli SeiqnebodaZeRmerTis movlinebis Semdgom.

xom veravin ifiqrebs, rom iesoqristemac SeiZleba Tavisi erTgulimorwmunisagan Svilis Sewirva moiTx-ovos!..

magram... misi, iesos sibere?diax, ukve misi siberec?Seni sibere — siaxle orbiso, —

nicSesebur metaforas Seagebebdagalaktion tabiZe, masac rom ganecadaiesos dabereba da gamosavali eZia ammistikuri sinamdvilidan.

lirikul xilvebSi es advili gaxl-daT, ai, Tund ase, galaktionurad,sworedac feniqsisebri ganaxlebiT,magram... yofiT realobaSi?..

axali rjulis dafuZnebis Jami xomar axlovdeboda?

mis zRurblTan damdgariyo nicSeda... misi es swrafva TvalnaTliv romamoecno erekle tatiSvils, amitomaceubneboda mowafeebs... uqadagebda...arwmunebda... zepir saubars kmarobda,radgan ar iyo Sesaferisi xana am ideisCamosayalibeblad furcelze.

da rasac mowafeebs eubneboda —zaratustrasaviT — mis naubarsqvakuTxedi, umTavresi ZarRvi, oTarCxeiZes unda Semoenaxa da aTwleulTaSemdgom Semoetana sazogadoebrivcnobierebaSi, rogorc mravalmxrivsagulisxmo Sexeduleba, romelic arSeiZleba ukvalod gadamqraliyo:

ieso qristes saxebac unda ganaxle-buliyo — misi TiTqosda SeumCneveli,magram mainc sibere — dro iyo — si-Wabuked gardasaxuliyo da axali Zal-RoniT aRvsils axali sufevac moet-ana.

„ese ityoda zaratustra~ mexuTesaxarebad rom Cafiqrebuliyo, amsufevas mieltvoda nicSe, mamaRmer-Tisa da iesos gverdiT kidev erTi ip-ostasis amoyenebas, RvTiuri Zaliskidev erT gamocxadebas... suliwmind-is kidev erT gamovlinebas...

magram...SeTxzuli personaJi vera, ver it-

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virTebda amxela misias.misi qadagebani raoden gulSiCamwv-

domic unda yofiliyo, ver gaarRvev-da usazRvroebas.

aucilebeli iyo realuri pirov-nebis gamoCena, nicSe iseve rom da-udgeboda biografosad, rogorc axa-li Jamis gasayarze iesos moevline-bodnen biografosebad: maTe, markozi,luka da ioane.

ara kmaroda sulieri tragizmi, arakmaroda almodebuli gulis gadaxsnayvelas Tvalwin, risi xelSesaxebi ni-muSicaa zaratustra.

tragikuli aqti garegnuladacunda aRsrulebuliyo.

da gamoZaxili sul sxva Zalisa mo-hyveboda im aRsasruls.

jer zaratustram ramxela xmaurida eqo gamoiwvia da... is raRa iqnebo-da, RvTiuri Zalis kidev erTi gamocx-adeba, suliwmindis kidev erTi gamov-lineba, mamaRmerTisa da ZeRmerTiskvalSi Camdgari!..

moCvenebiTi aRmoCndeboda „eseityoda zaratustraze~ dafuZnebulimsoflmxedveloba da lamis — an raRalamis — religiuri moZraoba.

misi gayalbebac amitom moxda aseadvilad, nacistebma amitomac igdesxelT, rom filosofiur romanze aR-mocenda is moZraoba da ara realuripirovnebis biografiaze.

mainc... vin aris zaratustra?

***marTlac vin aris zaratustra?martin haidegeri am SekiTxvas —

„vin aris nicSes zaratustra?~ — Ta-visi filosofiuri narkvevis saxel-wodebad rom gaitanda, msjelobisasacaraerTxel gaimeorebda, da es daJine-ba mowmobs, rom igi verafrisdidebiTver egueba am filosofiuri romanisdedaazris — anu:zaratustrasi dazekacis saxeTa — darCenas gamocanad,amoucnob enigmad, magram arc is surs,zedapiruli Sefaseba ikmaros da amsaxeebTan miaxloeba miiCnios maTi sai-

dumloebis amoxsnad.mainc vin aris an zaratustra da an

zekaci?zaratustra rom aris maswavlebeli

maradiuli dabrunebisa, amfilosofiuri formulis mikvlevateqstSi sulac ar niSnavs „ese ityodazaratustras~ dedaazris gaxsnas,radgan saidumloeba swored amis Sem-deg iwyeba.

cxadia, miaxloebac TavisTavadmniSvnelovani movlenaa da haidegerisnarkvevi amiTaa Rirebuli, da kidev imgafrTxilebiT, dabejiTebiT romgvirCevs, Sors daviWiroT Tavi „zeka-cis~ nebismieri mcdari da Tavgzaamb-nevi niuansebisagan, radganac am ter-minSi nicSe srulebiTac ara gulisx-mobs martoden zebunebrivs, dRemdeararsebul adamians, da arc adamianTaim gvars, romelsac uaruyvia yovelg-vari humanuri da kanonad gauxdiaaRviraxsnili TviTneboba da tita-nuri siSmage.

piriqiT:zekaci ufro is adamiania, romelic

aRemateba winandel adamians mxolodda mxolod imitom, rom es winandeliadamiani pirvel yovlisa daubrunosmis aqamde ganuxorcielebel arss daiq ganamtkicos igi.

zaratustra ar Seegueba raimesdakargvas kacobriobis warsulidan.

misi swrafvaa:yvelaferi gadaadnos da axali sam-

yaro ase da mxolod ase Svas.da haidegers nicSe miaCnia pirvel

moazrovned, romelic msoflio is-toriis fonze, es-esaa rom yalibdeba,svams gadamwyvet kiTxvas da am kiTxvasmisi metafizikuri mniSvnelobiT ga-iazrebs.

mzadaa Tu ara adamiani, rogorcadamiani Tavisi winandeli arsiT,dedamiwaze gasabatoneblad?

da Tu ara, maSin ra unda moimoqme-dos winandelma adamianma, raTadaimorCilos dedamiwa da amiT xorciSeasxas Zveli aRTqmis winaswarmet-

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yvelebas?iqneb am mizniT winandeli adamiani

unda amaRldes sakuTar Tavze, raTaSeeferebodes am misias?

da Tu asea — da haidegers eWvic arepareboda, rom sworedac asea — maSinmarTebulad gagebuli „zekaci~ Seu-Zlebelia yofiliyo nayofi Tavaw-yvetili, gadagvarebuli da sicari-eleSi mimqroli fantaziisa, TumcaRamisi arsi aseve SeuZlebeli iyo ga-mogvevlinebina istoriuli gziT, Tan-amedrove epoqis analiziT.

amitomac arasodes unda gveZebnazekacis arsi im personaJebSi,romelnic — rogorc mTavari xelSem-wyobni zerele da ukuRmarTad gan-martebuli nebisa Zalauflebisaken —am nebis sxvadasxva organizaciuliformis saTaveSi eqceodnen.

da aqve erTi Sexedulebac aucile-blad unda daerTo:

es azrovneba, romelic gulisxmobsmoZRvars, zekacis movlinebas romgvamcnobs, exeba ara mxolod evropas,aramed mTel msoflios, da imdenadara dRevandel dRes, ramdenadacxvalindelso.

da es ase iqneboda, daveTanxme-bodiT am azrovnebas Tu Sevedave-bodiT, gverds avuvlidiT Tu ukuR-marTad mivbaZavdiT. yoveli WeSmari-ti azrovneba xom xelSeuxebeli rCe-boda mimdevarTaganac da mowinaaRm-degeTaganac.

eh, es ocneba ufro unda iyos, vidrerealoba, romelic gacilebiT ufromkacria, vidre Cveni romantikuliwarmodgena masze.

raRa gviWirda, yoveli WeSmaritiazrovneba xelSeuxebeli rom rCe-bodes, da SemRvrevas vin Civis, sulacar mruddebodes da yalbdebodes. daTavganwiruli brZola ara gWirde-bodes, raTa am azrovnebis namdviliarsisa da bunebisaken miaxedo adami-anebi.

da an miaxedeb da an vera!..vin aris zaratustrao, erTxel

kidev rom gaimeorebda haidegeri, man-amde mignebul formulas amjeradimasac dasZenda, rom nicSes moZRvre-ba winandel azrovnebas Surisgebissulisagan aTavisuflebda.

maradiuli dabrunebis ideas kinarkvevis bolos sagangebo SeniSvnasmiuZRvnida da, erTi mxriv, waedavebo-da imaT, romelnic amtkicebdnen: nic-Ses es azri mistikis saxeobaa da arukavSirdeba azrovnebaso; da meoremxriv, imaT, romelnic am SexedulebasmoZvelebulad miiCnevdnen: es xomigive cikluri warmodgenaa samyarosganviTarebis Sesaxeb da evropulifilosofiis wiaRSi pirvelad herak-litesTan mogvevlinao.

es meore mizezi haidegerisaTvisarafers niSnavda, rogorc zedapiru-li Sedarebis nimuSi, arsi ganze romrCeboda, xolo pirveli mizezis pasux-ad moiSveliebda... Tanamedrove teqni-kas.

rogor SeiZleba maradiuli dab-runeba yofiliyo fantastikuri mis-tika, rodesac Tanamedrove epoqa Cvensruliad sxvas gvaswavlida.

saxeldobr ras da:gana sxva ra iyo Tanadrouli Zrave-

bis arsi, Tu ara gansaxiereba imavesmaradiuli dabrunebisa?

magram am manqanis arsi ar warmoad-genda arc maSinalur raimes da arcmeqanikurs.

da zustad aseve:arc maradiuli dabrunebis ideis

axsna unda gvecada meqanikuri azriT.is garemoeba, rom nicSe Tavis yve-

laze ufro uZiro, ufskrulebrivazrs xsnida da ganicdida dionisurisawyisidan gamomdinare, mowmobda mx-olod imas, rom igi valdebuli gaxl-daT es Sexeduleba warmoesaxametafizikurad da martoden metafiz-ikurad.

es ar ewinaaRmdegeba imas, rom esyvelaze ufro uZiro Tu ufskru-lebrivi azri malavs raime gau-azrebels, rac imavdroulad iduma-

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lia metafizikuri azrovnebisaTvisa-co, — am striqonebiT hkravda haide-geri erTi udidesi satkivaris gansjasdRevandeli da xvalindeli dRisa.

xvalindelisas — kidev ufro me-tad.

da xvalisas xvale rom ikiTxavda,„ese ityoda zaratustras~ aucile-blad da erT upirveless daisaWiroeb-da gzamkvlevad, Tund bolomde vergagveSifra zaratustrasa da zekacissaxeebSi Cabudebuli saidumlo.

isev... oidiposs Tu mivandobdiT misamoxsnas.

isev oidiposs Tu SevatovebdiTpirispir sfinqss.

xolo avtorebi xSirad sakuTarTavs rom gulisxmoben mTavar gmirTasaxeebSi, iqneb amjeradac amgvariSemTxvevis winaSe vdgavarT da zara-tustras miRmidan misive SemoqmediSemogvcqeris?

ra, ar SeiZleba Tu?..magram...isev es sabediswero „magram~...TviTon nicSe ver Seenacvla Tavis

personaJs.anki rogor Seenacvleboda amxela

tvirTis wamokidebisas, Torem mx-atvruli nimuSis kvalobaze ufrodidi zegavlenac raRa gvindoda,SvilebiT da SviliSvilebiTac romdaixunZleboda es yvelasTvis daaravisTvis Seqmnili wigni — „ese ity-oda zaratustras~ kvalobaze SeTx-zul nawarmoebebs vgulisxmob, Tundjibran xalil jibranis „ieso — Ze ka-cisa~ rom aris — da kidec moitoveb-da ukan marqsizms, rogorc imTaviTve,safuZvelSive yalbsa da arabunebrivs,religiis parodias ufro rom hgavda,vidre religias, amaod rom ebRauWebo-da misi Semqmneli winaswarmetyvelissaxels.

fridrix nicSe marTlac winas-warmetyveli aRmoCndeboda.

da... aq Sewydeboda misi aRmafrena.da saerTodac aseTi aRmoCndeboda

mefistofeluri saukunis ganaCeni:

ZeRmerTis memkvidre uxilavi dar-Ceboda da veRarc is rjuli dam-kvidrdeboda, misgan rom unda Sobil-iyo.

tragikulad aRsrulebul gmirebsar gamouCndebodaT Sesaferisibiografosebi Tu maxarebelni.

erTmaneTs acdebodnen nicSe damisi SesaZlo gmiri, mxatvrul-doku-menturi samoseli rom unda moergo daara martoden mxatvruli.

erTmaneTs acdebodnen erekletatiSvili da misi SesaZlo gmiric —nicSes gamocdilebaze dayrdnobiTTiTqos Sesaferisi aqtis gasigrZe-ganeba rom aRar unda yofiliyo Seu-Zlebeli, da „ese ityoda zaratustra-Ti~ Segulianebuls an TviTon aeRosakuTar Tavze maxarebelTagan erT-erTis movaleoba, anda oTxive mociqu-li Tavis mowafeTagan SeerCia.

— iqneb Tqven mainc! — raRac amg-vars ki gulisxmobda erekle tatiSvi-lis mgznebare amofrqvevani kviraZal-sa Tu sxva dReebSi, pirdapir rom arasgaumJRavnebda mowafeebs, radganacdae TviTon amoecnoT miniSneba, Cax-vedrodnen da Cawvdomodnen da... moes-injaT... moesinjaT ZeRmerTis memkvid-ris Zieba, da egeb... egeb kidec miegnoTam fiqrsa da eqstazur gancdaSi Caf-lulT...

da Tu vera, SemonaxviT mainc Semoe-naxaT es swrafva, es idumali muxtiumZafres gancdaTa im nakadiT gaTan-gulT, dauflebiT yvelas rom daeu-fleboda erekle tatiSvilis garsSemojarulT, magram poeturstriqonebad erTi CamonakvTavda, is,visac aserigad ganecada germanelifilosofosis sulieri tragedia,TiTqos erekle tatiSvilis eseis erT-gvar lirikul Sejamebas daurTavdes:

quCebSi marto da gacrecili gzeb-gadamcdari nicSe bRaodao;

da amjeradac lirikis optikiTgaenaTebina kviraZalis es nakadi,erekle tatiSvilis Sinagani monol-ogebi raRac ucnauri ZaliT mis bag-

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eebsac rom gadmoscdeboda:me axla waval, Wmunva meyreba, Zvle-

bi xrColaven tanSi yelamdi. mxolodes guli egdos napirze, viT sisxlianiqristes perangio...

da am kvarTis wreSi:Tan unda getriala da Tan unda gad-

agebijebina.erTdroulad — isic da esec...ki magram... mainc rogor?.. ranair-

ad?..eh, es rom vicodeT...an... an axla mainc rom migvagnebina.Tan SigniT iyo moqceuli da Tan

garedanac gamohyurebde qristessisxlian perangsa da... Sens guls,romelic napirze gdia...

***hegeli pirwmindad imeorebda Zve-

li aRTqmis mamaRmerTis ideas, egaa,sxva saxels arqmevda: absoluturisulio.

nicSe Seecdeboda axali aRTqmisZeRmerTis ideis gadalaxvas da... zedSeawydeboda Tu sulac SeemsxvreodaTavis zaratustra-zekacianad...

is — yinulis zods aqandakebda.es cecxlovan masas Zerwavda.da iyo hegeli cecxli, yinulSi ga-

momwyvdeuli da mborgavi!..da iyo nicSe cecxlSi gadasrolili

yinuli!..

***Tu raime awuxebda fridrix nicSes,

Tu raime akargvinebda wonasworobasda gangebis winaaRmdeg ganawyobda,erTi upirvelesTagani — moazrovnis,Rirseuli pirovnebis amovardna saku-Tari dro-Jamidan.

esqilem fuWad icxovra da ibr-Zolao, — ase mkacrad rom Seafasebdaam dramaturgis Rvawls, mizezs mispirovnulobasa da cxovrebis stilSiki ar dainaxavda, aramed bedisweris imgadawyvetilebaSi, rom:

— igi metismetad gvian movida.da am Sexedulebas ganazogadebda

kidec:— es aris yvelaze tragikuli

berZenTa istoriaSi: udidesebi metis-metad gvian modian imisaTvis, rom Cix-idan xalxis gamoyvana SeZlon.

da demokrites saxelsac gaixseneb-da, raTa kvlav esqiles mibruneboda:igi Tavdebobs berZnuli sulis sima-Rles, romelic masTan erTad kvdebao.

yvelaze tragikuli berZenTa isto-riaSio...

da Tanadroul istoriaSi neta raRaiyo yvelaze tragikuli?

iq Tu esqilesa da demokrites dae-gvianaT ase metismetad, amJamad vinmowodebuliyo xalxis gamosayvanadCixidan, arada, usaSvelo dagvianebasmisTvisac gamoeclia xelidan movle-naTa warmmarTveli sadaveebi?

sxvas vis igulisxmebda nicSe, Tuara... sakuTar Tavs.

da esqilesa da demokrites sax-elebs rom gamoixmobda, pirad tkivil-sa da gausaZlis dards gamoaxvevda amganzogadebaSi.

udidesebi kvlavac metismetad gvi-an modiodnen.

Torem aha, yvelaze metyveli sabu-Ti — fridrix nicSes gamoCena as-parezze ase nagvianevad.

da amis Semdeg ginda geTavdebaevropuli sulis simaRlisaTvis daginda ara — is SenTan erTad Tu daiR-upeboda!..

ijerebda aRsasrulis moaxloebasda verc ijerebda.

guls uklavda CixSi momwyvdeulixalxis xilva da gmobda Tavisi dabade-bis dResa da saaTs: ra iqneboda drou-lad movvlenodi qveynierebas, maSinesqilesa da demokritesaviT fuWadxom aRar vicxovrebdi da vi-brZolebdio?!.

***— mama RmerTi rom daberda, qris-

teSi ganaxlda, xolo ieso... — senakiv-iT oTaxSi SeWediliyvnen erekle ta-tiSvili da misi mowafeni da aqedan

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uerTdebodnen da erwymodnen usaz-Rvroebas...

— ieso rom daberda...da rCeboda dauwereli idumaleba-

Si Cakarguli arsebis — isic uTuodadamianad xorcSesxmulis — biogra-fia...

oTxi ki ara, erTi biografosic vergamosCenoda...

Soridan ki, varskvlavebidan, ammarTlac maradisobis WuWrutane-bidan, monaber sunTqvas Camohqondaesqatologiuri suraTi, romelicqadagebaTa mgznebarebasa da lirikulxilvebSi unda gabneuliyo.

gabneuliyo ukanasknel qristianTaim Tu beTaniur serobaTa gaunelebelxsovnad...

burusebSi ielvebda nicSes aCrdili,ielvebda da... Tvals miefareboda...

Tavisas moTqvamda da RaRadebdazaratustra.

Tavis moTqmasa da RaRadiss mia-devnebda erekle tatiSvili.

da isxdnen mowafeni — xmagak-medilni, gamtknarebulni, Tvalebga-farToebulni da Sinaganad anTe-bulni.

isxdnen... elodnen...da yvelas Tvalwin rialebda guli,

viT sisxliani qristes perangi.rogor gindoda, Tan am kvarTis wre-

Si getriala da Tan kidec gadagebije-bina mis miRma?!

isxdnen... elodnen...da...ar SordebodaTRvTismSoblis mzera —savse qarTuli patiosnebiT!..

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Zvirfaso maestro, unikaluri masa-la Camivarda xelT _ dRiurebi gior-gi leoniZis daxvretili Zmis _ levanleoniZisa da misi germaneli meuRlis.arc ki vici saidan daviwyo Txroba. ne-tavi beletristi, dramaturgi an sce-naristi viyo, maSin am ambavs namdviladvaqcevdi iseT kinoscenarad reJi-sorebi rom daeSurebodnen. davwerdipiesas, romelsac aucileblad dad-gamdnen; magram me xom mxolod nino Cx-ikviSvili var, Tqveni zarmaci mowafe,swored iseTi, rogoricaa Tqvenizarmaci Taguna... amitomac verafersdavwer amis Sesaxeb, mxolod zepirmoTxrobasaviT movyvebi:

...axla cxovrebis scenaze gaTamaSde-

ba drama _ qalis mTeli cxovreba, per-sonaJebi realuri adamianebi arian:levani _ 36 wlis, zooteqnikosi; mar-ia _ SemdgomSi igive maro hofmani _leoniZe; marias qmari – karli; mariasmama; marias Svilebi; samSoblo; sabe-diswero siyvaruli;

moqmedeba iwyeba: didi, mrgvali,muxis Zvirfasi magidis garSemosxedan, Suaxans gadacilebuli mamaka-ci, 32-34 wlis mSvenieri qali, romel-ic mRelvarebas ver malavs. mis pirda-pir, Sav kostiumSi gamowyobili, misiaw ukve yofili meuRle _ karli. ax-algazrda mamakaci gacrecil pijakSi_ levan leoniZea.

Suaxans gadacilebuli, calxelamamakaci, kuSti, mdumare saxiT, jer

nino CxikviSvili

ambavi siyvarulisa _mSvenieri germaneli qali...

vuZRvni erlom axvledians

sakuTar qaliSvils gadaxedavs, Semdegkarls, romelic marias gverdiT gafi-Trebuli zis, sigarets sigaretze ew-eva. mamakaci mzeras levanze SeaCerebs.Semdeg dinjad, TiTqmis damarcvliTgamoacxadebs: mariam TviTon undagadawyvitos, visTan surs yofna! davidre maria saboloo gadawyvetile-bas, rogorc ganaCens, xmamaRla ityo-des, orive mamakacs daZabulobisagan

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sunTqva ekvris._ me ase msurs, leo (ase eZaxda ma-

ria levans n. C.) leoniZis coli undagavxde! sxvanairad ver vicxovreb! -ambobs maria;

gafiTrebuli karli erTbaSadwamoxteba, usityvod tovebs iqau-robas.

yvelaferi gadawyvetilia: maria,leo da adam hofmani restoranSi mid-ian.

...gamodgeba Txrobis aseTi dasawyisi,

an filmis pirvel kadrad ivargebs?!sainteresoa, Tu... es suraTi xom arsjobs?

axalgazrda qalis binaSi ori ucxo-eli, axalgazrda mamakaci midis oTax-is dasaqiraveblad. saubari garkveviTar ismis, Tumca kadrs miRma msaxiobiteqsts kiTxulobs (mxolod calkeulisityvebi imsmis), sinamdvileSi: maria-sTan ori ucxoeli mamakacia misuli:erTi dabali, meore maRali. isini erT-maneTSi qarTulad saubroben... dabal-ma, romelic gacilebiT ukeT lapara-kobs germanulad, marias uxsnis, romisini qarTvelebi arian. TviTon weli-wadze metia, rac germaniaSia. misi me-gobari ki axali Camosulia da profe-sor henebergTan muSaobs, amitomaceZebs aqve, am qalaqSi, binas da Tukiqalbatons raimeSi eWvi Seepareba, Seu-Zlia, baton profesors daelaparakos,raTa am axalgazrdis patiosnebaSidarwmundes.

mcire yoymanis Semdeg, momavalimdgmuri 100 markas windawin CauTvlisgamqiravebels da etyvis, rom xvalbargs gadmoitans. am pirobiT emSvido-bebian mamakacebi marias. gaxarebuliqali kidev erTxel daiTvlis fuls,saswrafod moicvams paltos daSinidan gadis.

...vin aris es qali, rad gaaxara ase 100

markis aRebam, an axla saiT mieSureba?ra iyo mis cxovrebaSi ̀ am kadramde?~ –iqneb, swored amisi axsniT daviwyoTfilmi?

...maS ase: es axalgazrda qali, mSve-

nieri maria hofmani, adam hofmanisa dalili Starkis qaliSvili, 1894 wlis 5ianvars bibrixSi daibada.

mamamisi _ adam hofmani mdidarikaci yofila, xis gadamamuSavebelifabrikisa da didZali mamulis patro-ni. deda _ lili Starki, maincSi da-badebula da iqve miuRia qalisTvisSesaferi ganaTleba. marias Semdeg,hofmanebis ojaxs kidev ori Svili, Zme-bi _ vili da ludvigi SesZeniaT.

marias, vilis da ludvigs uzrunve-li bavSvoba hqoniaT, ucxovriaTlamaz, keTilmowyobil garemoSi, ma-gram usiamovno ram momxdara maT cx-ovrebaSi, mamas visbadenidan eleqtro-matarebliT mgzavrobisas, ubedurebaSemTxvevia da marjvena xeli daukar-gavs; Tumca, adams miuxedavad didifizikuri da sulieri travmisa, es am-bavi gadautania da ise dauwyia marcx-ena xeliT yvelafris keTeba, rom Tur-me, verc ki SeamCnevdiT, marjvena romaRar hqondao, _ igonebs misi qaliS-vili.

am ambavs Zalian male, meore, ufromZime tragedia mohyolia _ sami Svi-lis deda, lili Starki erT dRes sax-lidan wasula da gaTxovila. maria ma-Sin 12 wlisa yofila. dedaze ise ganaw-yenebula, erTxelac ar gahyolia Zmebsmis sanaxavad: dedisa da qaliSvilisubrad yofna didxans gagrZelebula,vidre 31 wlis marias TviTon ar moun-domebia dedasTan Sexvedra da saubari.

wlebis Semdeg, mariac imaves gaime-orebs. Tumca, mtkiced gadawyvets,Svilebi saqarTveloSi wamoiyvanos,magram meuRle ar daanebebs da iZule-bulia, miatovos ori Svili da...saqarTveloSi wamoyves meore meuRles_ levan leoniZes (poet giorgi le-oniZis Zmas), im imediT, rom ukan dab-rundeba da aucileblad waiyvansSvilebs.

levan leoniZe swored is axalgazr-da kacia, ramdenime saaTis win misi binarom daiqirava da dapirda – xvalidan

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sacxovreblad gadmovalo;...ho, Tumca... gavuswari movlenebs.

minda, giamboT, Tu rogor warimarTa amSexvedris Semdeg wyvilis cxovreba,magram marias dRiuri, garda am vnebi-ani dReebisa, sakuTar bavSvobazecbevrs mogviTxrobs;

Tu gvinda, awmyo gavigoT, warsulsunda mivubrundeTo, _ Tqven xom asegvaswavlidiT, batono erlom, hoda,amitom, am monaTxrobidan, SeiZleba,bevri ram ̀ kadrs miRma~ darCes, magrammainc mogiyvebiT.

...mTeli ymawvilqaloba udedod gav-

atare. am periodSi Cvens saxlSi Cnde-bodnen qalbatonebi, romelTac Cvensojaxze zrunva evalebodaT. zogierTikargad gveqceoda, zogierTi _ cud-ad. magram yvelaze mTavari mainc isiyo, rom maT, yvelas, mamaCemi uyvard-ebodaT. arada, mamaCems colis moyva-na ar undoda. _ wers maria da am Canaw-ers mosdevs ofenburgSi (badenis mx-areSi), monasterSi gatarebuli dRee-bis gaxseneba, sadac marias, iseverogorc sxva gogonebs, monazvnebi zr-didnen. monasterSi patarebi danom-rili hyoliaT. maria 34-e yofila: no-meri `34~ ekera mis yvela TeTreuls,amotvifruli iyo mis vercxlis dana-Cangalze. yvelaferze, rac mas eku-Tvnoda. Tavidan am yvelaferTan Seg-ueba Zalian gaWirvebia, nel-nelaSeCvevia iqaurobas da mere, Turme, sia-movnebda kidec iq yofna. yoveldRedavdiodiT eklesiaSi da vloculob-diTo. Cveni maswavleblebi monazvnebiiyvnen. monasterSi sxvadasxva qvey-nidan iyvnen gogonebi Camosulebi _inglisidan, safrangeTidan, ameriki-dan da ruseTidanac kio, _ da iqvedasZens, rom ori weliwadi gautarebiaiq da am periodSi bevri ram Seuswav-lia. Semdeg bibrixis qalTa skolaSigadauyvania mamas. es skola mdidariojaxis gogonebisaTvis yofila gan-kuTvnili, sadac aTi weliwadi swav-lobda. aseTi prestiJuli saswavle-

blis dasrulebis Semdeg, kidev or we-liwads hanoveris pansionSi atarebs; ampansionis Sesaxebac dawvrilebiT aRw-ers:

erT mSvenier dRes gavemgzavremaincSi Cems bebiasTan (mamis de-dasTan). mas qalaqis centralur qu-Caze didi saxli hqonda gauTxovarqaliSvilTan, Cems sayvarel mamidaanasTan erTad. maTTan rom Cavedi, be-biam miTxra, rom male axali deda mey-oleboda. mamas gadaewyvita, Cvens sax-lSi mosuli froilain greta moeyvanacolad. Tavidan Zalian ar mesiamovnaes ambavi, Tumca froilain greta kar-gad mepyroboda.

qorwili TebervalSi gadaixades. memamida anas gverdiT videqi da simS-videsa da wonasworobas vinarCuneb-di... patarZali Zalian lamazi iyoTeTri kabiT, Tavze fatiTa da yva-vilebiT... roca hanoverSi davbrundi,bevrs vuyvebodi Cems megobrebs qor-wilis Sesaxeb.

am mogonebas kidev bevri sxva ambav-ic mosdevs hanoverSi gatarebulidReebisa da pirveli siyvarulis Sesax-eb.

rac Seexeba froilain gretas _ de-dinacvals, mariaze mxolod 10 wliTufrosi yofila, lamazi, eleganturi.erTgan geri guldawyvetilic wers: measeTi ar viyavi, es mabrazebda, raRaTqma unda, xSiradac vCxubobdiT da igiCemTvis arc deda iyo da arc megobar-io...

Tumca aseTi wvrilmani usiam-ovnebani pirveli qorwinebis tkivilT-an uferuldeba, da, albaT, amitomac aqTxrobis toni jer kidev mSvidia da ga-wonasworebuli. TiTqos surs maSinde-li guneba-ganwyoba, ymawvilqalobisdroindeli udardeli dReebis eqodSemoinaxos da mere nel-nela gaunawi-los momaval mSfoTvare dReebs.

momavali qmari _ karl vixmani,saukeTeso megobris, gretes qorwil-Si gaicno. isic da karlic xelis-momkideni yofilan. kilis mkvidri kar-li, namdvili franti da qalebis gul-

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Tampyrobeli, gretes daxmarebiT xel-sac ki sTxovs. amas, mamakacis gabedul,momxiblav Jests, maTi pirveli paeman-ic mosdevs da mere: mariasa da karlsxSirad waawydebiT Teatrsa Tu kino-darbazebSi. karli oficialuradacsTxovs marias mamas qaliSvilis xelsda amiT marias mosiyvarule mamis,stoikuri germaneli mamakacis, suli-er simSvides daarRvevs...

marias karli uyvars. bunebrivia, misuaryofiT Tvisebebs ver xedavs. veramCnevs, rom qarafSutaa. uzrunvelcxovrebasaa miCveuli, ra Tqma unda,verc mis _ egoizms.

mamam ki amasobaSi dawvrilebiT gam-oikiTxa momavali siZis saqmianobisa(karli profesiiT eleqtroinJineriiyo) da warmomavlobis Sesaxeb, merekarlTan Sexvedrac gadawyveta. am Sex-vedrisa da saqmiani saubris Semdegadam hofmani maT qorwinebas kategori-ulad SeewinaaRmdegeba. karls ojaxisrCena ar SeuZlia, miT ufro Cemi qal-iSviliviT ganabivrebuli qalisao! _acxadebs da... aq pirveli scena gavix-senoT, roca momaval meore siZes, re-alurad, ucnob, Ratak ucxoel axal-gazrda kacs _ levan leoniZes gasakvi-ri keTilganwyobiT Sexvda, mariasa damisi SeuRlebis ambavi restoranSic kiaRniSna. Tumca... avCqardi, aqamde bev-ri droa. am dRemde marias cxovrebislamis naxevari Caivlis imedgacruebe-biTa da tkivilebiT;

erTi kviris Semdeg karli Camovida.Zalian vRelavdi da ar vicodi, rogordamTavrdeboda yvelaferi. sanam mamaar daelaparakeboda, manamde karlisnaxvis ufleba ar mqonda. mTeli am xnisganmavlobaSi, Cems oTaxSi unda vyo-filiyavi. Semdeg movida mama damiTxra, rom batoni vixmani ukangaabruna...

...xedavT, rogor aRniSnavs _

ganebivrebuli qalisao!... arada, esganebivrebuli qali, omianobisas, pa-tarZeulSi damkvidrdeba da Cveneburikaxeli qaliviT, glexuri cxovrebis

Wapans gaswevs: daTesavs bostans, moiy-vans kartofils. zamTarSi bavSvebsrom ar SescivdeT, SeSasac daapobs;maria hofmani marod gadaiqceva, akiasec eZaxdnen leoniZeebi germanelrZals.

...bedisweraa es Tu... RvTis neba?! ne-

tavi SegveZlos gangebis nebas Cavwv-deT, maSin ramden dafarul saidumlosamovxsnidiT!

...sad SevCerdi? gamaxsenda: Seyvare-

buli maria Zalian ubeduria _ mamamkarlTan daqorwinebis neba ar darTo:bevrs vtirodi, magram ra unda Semecv-ala? maSin vfiqrobdi, rom karliZalian miyvarda, Tumca sinamdvileSiar vicodi, ra iyo namdvili siyvaruli,_ es mxolod mogvianebiT Sevityve.

karli werilebs werda. mariac pa-suxobda, pirdeboda, rom aucilebaddaelodeboda; ase gavida mTeli weli-wadi. mamas yvelgan Tan dahyavda, yve-la kaprizs usruleblda, oRond kar-lze ar efiqra, oRondac daeviwyebinada sxva mdidar kacs gayoloda colad.mariac erToboda, axali Tayvanismcem-lebic gaiCina, magram aravin moswondaise, rogorc karl vixmani.

mere daiwyo omi. gadioda Tveebi,karlis Sesaxeb araferi icoda, magramerT dResac frontidan karlis werilimiiRo. swored es werili waikiTxa adamhofmanma, Tumca qaliSvils araferigaumxila.

am vnebaTaRelvaSi gavida TiTqmisori weli.

moulodnelad karli SvebulebiTCamovida da mamam marias karlze daniS-vnis neba darTo: gadavixadeT niSnoba,davpatiJeT naTesavebi da megobrebi,Zalian bevri lamazi saCuqari miviRe:Cemma dedinacvalma maCuqa oqros bro-Si margalitebiT, mamam moduri vercx-lis CanTa misaxsovra. Cems daniSnulski aCuqa oqros beWedi briliantis Tv-lebiT. karli erTi kvira darCa Cven-Tan. mere isev frontze unda wasuliyo.mas axalgazrda jariskacebis momzade-

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ba evaleboda. ase rom, saSiSroeba aremuqreboda. zafxulSi karls isevmisces Svebuleba da kilSi gavemgzavrededamTil-mamamTilTan.

kilSi karlTan erTad dauviwyaridReebi gavatare. mxolod erTi sur-vili gvamoZravebda, rac SeiZlebodamale gveqorwina, magram mama amis nebasar gvrTavdao. _ ixsenebs maria.

mama qorwinebis nebas ar gva-Zlevdao, Tumca niSnobis ufleba mis-ca, ratom? iqneb, SeiZleba batoni hof-mani imedovnebda, rom mis qaliSvilsaRmoaCndeba alRo da TviTonve ga-nacxadebda uars momaval sabedisweroqorwinebaze?! samwuxarod, ase ar mox-da: karli da maria, daqorwindnen.

maria mogvianebiT wers: mamaCemiTavidanve karlis winaaRmdegi iyo. amasxmamaRla ar ambobda, magram vgrZnob-di. mxolod axla SemiZlia imis Tqma,rom mas intuicia ar Ralatobda damarTali iyo. axalgazrda gogonasarasdros unda imisi gageba, rasacmSoblebi eubnebian. es yovelTvis aseiyo da ase iqneba. adamianma TviTonunda miiRos gamocdileba, raTa Tvi-Tonve mixvdes yvelafers.

mariac mogvianebiT mixvda, rom mamamarTali iyo, magram... manamde, manamdeki... qorwilic gadauxdiaT, mamas miu-cia Zalian Zvirfasi mziTevi: sasadilooTaxis mowyobiloba: bufeti, didimrgvali magida da 12 skami. es yve-laferi muxis Savi xisgan yofiladamzadebuli. uCuqnia samzareulokarada, magida, qvabebi, TefSebi, Wiqe-bi. kidev _ wignebis karada, saweri mag-ida, divani da sami savarZeli, xaliCa.sastumro oTaxis mowyobiloba _ mag-ida, ori savarZeli, pianino, taxti.saZinebeli oTaxi _ ori sawoli,tansacmlis didi karada sarkiT, tua-letis magida, TeTreulis karada, Te-Treuli. pirsaxocebi, sufrebi, xel-saxocebi. mokled, yvelaferi, rac kiSeiZleboda daWirveboda axalgazrdaojaxs. ra Tqma unda, es yvelaferi sak-maod didi Tanxa dajda, magram mdi-dari mama erTaderT qaliSvils aTx-

ovebda.es yvelaferi Tan ver waviReT,

bibrixSi davtoveTo. kilSi mxoloderTi CemodniT gavemgzavreTo: me qal-batoni vixmani gavxdi, qmars vuyvardi,Zalian bednieri viyavio, _ ixsenebsmaria da aqve hyveba, rogor iqiravesTavdapirvelad oroTaxiani bina. mere,roca aveji CamouvidaT, oTxoTaxianbinaSi gadasulan. nacnobebi da mego-brebi modiodnen da Cveni lamazi biniTaRfrTovanebulni rCebodneno. ix-senebs imasac, rogor dadiodnen TiTq-mis yovel saRamos megobrebTan saze-imo vaxSamze, kinosa Tu TeatrSi. Cemsqmars didi Semosavali ar hqonda, ma-gram mainc kargad vcxovrobdiTo... hy-olia mosamsaxure qalic, romelic yve-lafers akeTebda marias nacvlad. Tvi-Ton ki xandaxan sadils Tu moamzadeb-da, es iyo da es: kviraobiT sadiladrestoranSi davdiodiT, karli fulsarxeinad xarjavda. arada, germaniisyvela qalaqSi Semnaxveli salaroa gax-snili, sadac nebismieri germaneli in-axavs fuls, raTa saWiroebis SemTx-vevaSi usaxsrod ar darCes da gaWirve-baSi ar Cavardes. marTalia, Cvenc gavx-seniT aseTi wignaki, magram angariSzecota fuli gvqonda, arada, mamaCemiTiTqmis yovel werilSi mekiTxeboda,Semqonda Tu ara fuli salaroSio.

samwuxarod, male mamis avi winaT-grZnoba gamarTlda. karlma mTelifuli, sakuTari, colis mziTvic, si-mamris qonebis nawili, sayvarlebsa dafuqsavatobaSi gaaniava; amitomac hof-manis qaliSvili iZulebuli gaxda,oTaxi gaeqiravebina da ekonomikurisiduxWiridan exsna ojaxi da erCinaSvilebi. marias da karls xom ori SviliSeeZenaT: biWuna _ haraldi da qaliS-vili _ mari luize.

...batono erlom, am yovelives Zalian

mokled viniSnav, amitomac bunebrivia,uSualod dRiuris gacnoba ajobebda.SeiZleba, bevri iseTi faqizifsiqologiuri niuansi gamomrCes, rackinodramaturgs aucileblad waadge-

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ba. vnaxoT, iqneb movaxerxo da es Canaw-erebi mTlianad davigulo, Tu amas mi-vaRwie, maSin yvelafers sakuTariTvaliT gaecnobiT da darwmundebiT,emociebs ar avyolilvar, namdviladar warmomiCenia gazviadebulad amCanaweris Rirseba.

...miuxedavad yvelafrisa, maria beds

ar emduris: aseTi yofa dardisa dawuxilis mizezad meqca, magram, meoresmxriv, gavicani Cemi meore qmari. Cemicxovreba ase rom ar warmarTuliyo,maSin xom verasdros Sevxvdebodi le-vans, axla isev germaniaSi viqnebodi.viqnebodi karl vixmanTan da viqnebo-di qalbatoni vixmani da ara qalbato-ni leoniZeo.

...kidev erTi saintereso detali, kar-

lis dedas rZlis gakeTebuli araferimoswonda (rogorc Cans, dedamTiligermaniaSic dedamTilia) da bolos,roca gaigo, rogor moeqca sakuTarivaJi meuRles, Tavi gamoido da aqeTdaamunaTa rZali, marTalia, karlicudad moiqca, magram qmars,yovelTvis yvelaferi unda apatioo!

es detalic sxvaTa Soris momagon-da, ar vici, iqneb, sxvas arc ki mieqciayuradReba, magram swored aq, ikvriskvanZi da CaTvaleT, rom es dRiuri,rogorc romani, ise ikiTxeba. avtoriam Canawerebisa, namdvilad mwerluriniWiTacaa dajildovebuli.

...axla pirvel kadrebs gavacocxleb:

mere gadavwyvite, aRar gameqiravebinabina. isedac miWirda imisi warmodgena,rom Cems saxlSi vinme ucxos unda ecx-ovra.

...es kaci Cemi bedi iyo, me ki _ misi da

madloba RmerTs, rom miuxedavad didiwinaaRmdegobebisa, erTad yofnis Zalamainc aRmogvaCnda. vfiqrob, nebis-mieri adamianis cxovrebaSi dgeba mo-menti, roca bedniereba Zalian ax-losaa, ubralod, is unda igrZno dadainaxo. arada, adamianTa umravleso-

bas ar Seswevs misi Secnobis unari. araaqvT energia da gambedaoba, raTaibrZolon, ar SeuZliaT, sxva yve-laferi rac manamde moxda maT cxovre-baSi, rac maT bednierebas xels uSlis,gverdze gadadon...

miuxedavad imisa, bunebiT sulac arvar mebrZolio me es Zala aRmomaCndao._ gulwrfeli, uxinjo aRsarebaa,SemdgomSi swored levanis colobisgamo, ramdeni gaWirveba da tkiviliigema, magram beds ar sayvedurobs.

...mokled, ase ucnaurad da moulod-

nelad Cndeba marias cxovrebaSi levanleoniZe. da, is rom namdvilad sandoa,amas misi profesoric adasturebs. amambis gamosarkvevad marias mamamTiliTviTon wavida profesor henebergTan.qarTveli aspirantis mecnier-xelmZR-vanelma ganacxada, rom batoni le-oniZe wesieri, Wkviani adamiania, romigi Tavisma saxelmwifom moavlina sas-wavleblad germaniaSi da yovelTvefuls iRebs Tbilisidan, amdenad, Seu-Zlia sistematurad ixados binisqirao.

esec bedis ironiaa, dedamTil-mamamTili dasturs ucxadeben mariasmdgmuris dasayeneblad binaSi.

amasobaSi ki... binis daTvalierebi-sas, levani Tvalmouwyvetlad romukvirdeboda marias, esec didi siy-varulis uverturaa, dabejiTebiT ve-ravin ityvis, maSin levans bina ufromoewona Tu qali? iqneb, maSinve, aseuyoymanod amitomac gadaixada 100marka, arcTu mcire Tanxa saqarTvelo-dan saswavleblad Casuli axalgazrdakacisTvis.

iqneb, levans danaxvisTanave Seuy-varda maria?!. Tumca Tavidanve arsulswrafobs. cdilobs, qals daume-gobrdes. Tan, naxeT, rogori taqtian-ia: akvirdeba marias, kargad swavlobs,vinaa, ra zne-xasiaTisaa da `strate-giuli gegmis mixedviT~ nabij-nabij mi-iwevs siyvarulisken.

maria igonebs: saRamoebs, roca pa-tarebs davaZinebdi, umTavresad mego-

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brebTan da nacnobebTan vatarebdi. ma-gram erT mSvenier saRamos, rocaZalian wvimda, Sin vijeqi. viRacamdaakakuna karze. es batoni leoniZeiyo. man nebarTva iTxova, raTa, sulramdenime wuTiT Semosuliyo CemTan,xelSi wigni eWira da mTxova, amwignidan ramdenime gaugebari wi-nadadeba amexsna. me swrafad avuxsenisityvebi da ukanve gabrunda, radganaranairi survili ar mqonda masTansaubrisa. ramdenime dRis Semdeg isevmovida da kvlav mkiTxa raRac-raRace-bi. axla ukve cota meti xniT davyaviTerTad da visaubreT kidec. Tavisidamtvreuli germanuliT bevri ramemiambo Tbilisze da ase nel-nela aew-yo Cveni urTierToba; saRamoobiTxSirad visxediT erTad da uamravrameze vsaubrobdiT. yovelTvis Tava-ziani da moridebuli iyo. zedmetaderT sityvasac ar ityoda. zamTris sa-Ramoebi, Cveulebriv, grZelia daufro da ufro met xans visxediT er-Tad. maSin azrad arc ki momsvlia, romigi CemSi imaze mets xedavda, vidre amasvacnobierebdi. erT mSvenier dRes,roca Sin davbrundi, magidaze xelmou-wereli werili vipove. konvertze ew-era ̀ siyvarulis ambavi~. gavxseni bara-Ti da wavikiTxe leqsi. ara, es ar iyoleqsi, es iyo proza, oRond poeturisityvebiT gadmocemuli.

marTalia, konvertze ar ewera, vinmwerda, magram maSinve viazre, visi daw-erili unda yofiliyo, imdenad lamaziiyo, rom ver viviwyebdi da isev da isevvkiTxulobdi.

Semdeg, mogvianebiT gairkva, levansis werili jer rusulad SeuTxzavs darus megobars, aseve henebergis asis-tents, romelsac kargad scodnia ger-manuli, uTargmnia... ase daiwyo ambavikidev erTi dramatuli siyvarulisa.aqedan moyolebuli marias CanawerebsmRelvarebis gareSe namdvilad verwaikiTxavT: meore dRes Cems megobar-Tan, gretasTan wavedi, werilic TanwaviRe. erTad wavikiTxeT da bevri vi-cineT. Tumca, gulisgulSi, rogorc

yvela qals, mec msiamovnebda aseTilamazi miZRvnis wakiTxva. batoni le-oniZe momwonda – meti araferi: co-taTi mecodeboda kidec, ase martorom iyo ucxo qveyanaSi.

amis Semdeg xSirad vpoulobdi ms-gavs werilebs magidaze. magramaRaravisTvis miCvenebia, aRarc micin-ia, ukve velodi kidec, rodis damxvde-boda sasiyvarulo werili magidaze...batoni leoniZe mwerda werilebs, sa-dac meubneboda, rom me misi grZnobisgageba ar SemiZlia, rom verasodesSeviyvareb iseTive grZnobiT, rogorcmas vuyvarvar: erTi werili aseTi Si-naarsisa iyo: erT Rames gadavwyvite,oqro gamesinja, da ra aRmovaCine? esoqro sulac ar iyo namdvili, aramedCveulebrivi liToni. am aRmoCenisgamo guli SemekumSa... ra ioliaSenTvis da ra Znelia CemTvis, Sen argesmis, rogor miyvarxar. nuTu ara xarbednieri, rom adamians ase Zlier uy-varxar?...

meore werilSi ki mwerda: lamazyvavils hgavxar, romelic ucxo baRSiizrdeba. am yvavils darajoben, magrammainc qurdulad Semoviparebi am baR-Si da SevisunTqav Sens surnels,davkocni Sens foTlebs da a.S...

miyvarda es poeturi werilebi damiyvarda isic, vinc am werilebs mwer-da, radgan igi poeti iyo suliT. ger-manel kacebs ar ZaluZT aseTi sityve-bis povna.

dro gadioda da ufro da ufro miy-vardeboda, Tumca vicodi, gamiWirde-boda, gamovyolodi ucxo qveyanaSi. maski yovel Cems uarze logikuri pasuxihqonda: `Seni uari uazrobaa. darwmu-nebuli var, mainc CemTan moxval, undamoxvide, sxvanairad ar SeiZleba, sx-vanairad ver moiqcevi... amas pirvelivewuTebidanve mivxvdi, Sen Cemi bedi xar,me _ Seni.

mariasa da levanis cxovreba molo-dinad iqca: TiTqos dro gaCerda!.. Sem-deg mariam gadawyvita, gamoecada sak-uTari Tavi, garkveuliyo grZnobaSi.amitomac cota xniT, bavSvebTan erTad

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karlTan, drezdenSi gaemgzavra; Tva-li Tvals rom moSordeba, gulic gada-sxvaferdebao! _ amboben qarTvelebi,germanelebi ki _ rogor, ar vici, ma-gram... am daSorebam maria da levaniufro metad daaaxlova: maTi grZnobanamdvili siyvaruli aRmoCnda!

vidre qmarTan wavidoda, marias Ta-darigi dauWeria, saxli miulagebia,bolo dReebSi dedamTil-mamamTilT-an gadasula sacxovreblad daSvilebic iq gadauyvania; wasvlisas kiase daSorebia levans: saRamos, me dalevani erTmaneTs sastumro oTaxSidavemSvidobeT, xelCakidebulni vide-qiT da erTmaneTs xels ver vuSvebdi-To, _ amasac wers da ixsenebs, rogorgavida meore dRes sadgurze levani,maria rom gaecilebina, magram mxolodSoridan dalanda, radgan qalis gasac-ileblad dadamTil-mamamTili, mego-brebi, nacnobebic ki mosuliyvnen. mar-iac Soridan Sescqeoda, Turme, levansda im wuTs, yvelaze metad, masTan yof-na undoda. da es scenac, ratomRacZalian magonebs Cvenebur, qarTulgacilebas, roca arc dedamTil-mamamTili da arc sxva `mokeTeebi~`Tavals ar gacileben~.

matarebeli daiZra. levanic Tvalsmiefara... marias egona, rom lamazi,Zalian bednieri periodi misi cxovre-bidan, samudamod dasrulda. veRaras-dros naxavda levans.

mikvirs, rogor avitane yvelaferi,miT ufro rom, bunebiT mebrZoli aravar, arc energia maqvs, arc nebisyofa,magram maSin, roca aseTi martosuli daubeduri viyavi, levanisadmi siy-varulma gamaZliera. nebisyofac aRmo-maCnda da imdeni Zalac vipove sakuTarTavSi, rom miuxedavad aTasi winaaRm-degobisa, Cemi siyvaruli momepovebi-na: levani marTali aRmoCnda, erTmane-Ti ver daviviwyeT!

...amitomac miakiTxa berlinSi fos-tas, sadac levanisgan gamogzavnilirva werili daxvda: sasiyvarulo,vnebianma baraTebma ufro daafrTxoqali. bednieric iyo da ubeduric,

Svilebis bedze swuxda, ar icoda,rogor moqceuliyo?!

levans sapasuxo werilebs swerda,magram simarTlis nacvlad _ rogormedamiviwye, sxva qali ipove mand, kil-Sio! _ (TavisTavsac ki) atyuebda; le-vans ki Seumcdari alRo karnaxobda,rom marias uimisod sicocxle aRarSeeZlo, amitomac adga da CaakiTxa mar-ias:

erT dilas, roca karli samsaxurSiwasasvlelad emzadeboda da paltosicvamda, fanjara gamovaRe da... davi-naxe, rom Cveni saxlis mopirdapirequCaze leo idga. SemeSinda, ar vicodi,rogor movqceuliyavi, gons rommovege, vaniSne saxls gascloda. sabed-nierod, karlma veraferi SeamCnia,roca samsaxurSi wavida, saswrafodCavicvi da kibe Cavirbine.. fexebi isemikankalebda, moajirs veWidebodi.gezi iqve mdebare parkisken aviRe, Tanukan viyurebodi, vamowmebdi, momyve-boda Tu ara leo. guli ise `xmamaRla~micemda, megona, yvelas esmoda. bolosskamze davjeqi, leoc movida da gver-diT momijda. ise vRelavdi, erTi si-tyvis Tqmac ki ver movaxerxe. leosakankalebul xelebSi eWira Cemi xelida erTsa da imaves imeorebda: maria,Cemo maria!

erTmaneTis garda veravis da ve-rafers vxedavdiT... Sin undadavbrunebuliyavi. ar vicodi, Sev-Zlebdi Tu ara saRamos mis naxvas.SevTanxmdiT, rom meore diliT isevparkSi SevxvdebodiT erTmaneTs. mere,roca karli Sin dabrunda, sadilobi-sas miTxra, rom sami dRiT laifcigSiunda wasuliyo. misi gamgzavrebiTgamowveuli sixaruli Zlivs davfare,namdvilad bedi gvexmareboda me daleos. meore diliT karli laifcigSigaemgzavra.

leos isev parkSi Sevxvdi, roca yve-laferi vuambe, Zalian gauxarda: gmad-lobT, batono vixman, rom laifcigSigaemgzavreT da maria mTeli ori dRiTmaCuqeTo. _ gaicina!

es ori dRe erTmaneTze

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ymawvilebiviT Seyvarebulma 36 wlislevan leoniZem da 33 wlis maria hof-manma kurort pirnaSi gaatares da sab-olood darwmundnen _ erTad undayofiliyvnen. levans surda, mariaSvilebTan erTad wamoeyvana saqar-TveloSi. da qalic sabolood mixvda,rom leo iyo is mamakaci, romelic cx-ovrebis gzaze aucileblad unda Sex-vedroda, aTasi SemTxveviToba moxdaimisaTvis, rom Cven erTmaneTi gve-povao, _ wers da iqve ixsenebs, rogormoikriba gambedaoba, rogor uambo yve-laferi karls da karlic, qarTveliqmariviT `afeTqebula~: verasdroswarmoidgenda, rom misi erTguli, wy-nari, mudam gawonasworebuli, saTno,amtani meuRle, romelic qmris nebis-mier kaprizs asrulebda, erT dResacadgeboda da... meuRles uRalatebda.

iciT, ra wamoiyvira karlma? Tqveniar vici, me ki namdvilad gamikvida: rasityvian Cemi megobrebi, roca gaigeben,colma rom mimatovao?! mere damuqre-bia, TvaliTac ar daganaxeb Svilebso(samwuxarod, es danaqadnebi Seusru-la)! mere im mamakacis vinaobiT dain-teresebula, vinc cols arTmevda, mar-ias uwvalebia, didxans ar gaumxeliamisi saxeli: karli mTxovda da mexvewe-boda gons movsuliyavi da sxva kacTanar wavsuliyavi. miTxra, rom aRara-sodes gaixedavda sxva qalisken _ de-daCemis sicocxles geficebi, es aRara-sodes moxdebao, _ mimtkicebda! mevupasuxe _ axla yvelaferi gviania daamaze maSin unda gefiqra, vidre rwme-nas damakargvinebdi-meTqi. gacxare-bul karls colis SeSineba ucdia _Tbilisi qveynierebis dasalierSia,saqarTvelo ukulturo qveyanaa, ka-cebs iq ori da sami colic ki hyavTiseve, rogorc yvela aziats. icode,levans Tu gayvebi, ubedureba aragcdebao. mere dauyvavebia kidec _ kibatono, gameyare, mamasTan wadi sacx-ovreblad, oRondac im saSinel russnu gayvebio!.. da, roca darwmunebula,verc qadiliTa da verc TxovniT ve-rafers gaxdeboda, levanTan wasula,

misgan dabrunebuls maria moutyuebia_ Senma leom miTxra, sulac ar va-pireb Tqveni marias colad moyvanas,magram ra vqna, mariasTvis ver miTq-vams, rom aRar miyvars da, iqneb, ba-tono vixman, Tqven auxsnaT es yvelafe-rio!

... ho, Tumca, damaviwyda, rom meTqva,

manamde, nerviulobis niadagze, mariasfexebis tkivili dawyebia da karls igiprofesorTan wauyvania, erTguladacmouvlia, magram amaod... maria drosixelTebda Tu ara, im wuTas werilebsswerda levans: Zvirfaso, sayvareloleo! Seni sasiyvarulo baraTi miviRe,mravaljer gadavikiTxe da Cemi guliSenTvis aZgerda: SenTvis, romelic am-den siyvaruls mCuqnis... arasdros wa-mikiTxavs aseTi lamazi sityvebi daarasdros momsvlia amgvari azrebi.namdvili poeti xar da yvelaferi,rasac Seni guli ambobs da fiqrobs,mxolod me mekuTvnis. Cemo leo, miy-varxar da verasdros dagiviwyeb. xvalSenTan moval, minda dagkocno. dResgansakuTrebiT unda vibejiTo, magramra vqna, mxolod Senze vfiqrob. Senimaria. 7. 4. 1926.

es erTaderTi baraTi SemTxveviTgadarCa, radgan maTi sasiyvarulo mi-mowera qorwinebis mere, ratomRacTviTonve gaunadgurebia marias. maTiqorwineba ki marTlac ucnaurad gada-wyda. am epizodiT daviwye moyola, ax-lac imaves mivubrundebi da qalisCanawerebs SegaxsenebT: Zalian kargadmaxsovs axali weli 1926-27, isevtkivilebi mtanjavda, loginSi viweqida leoze vfiqrobdi. mamaCems ukvewerili mivwere da yvelaferi mo-vuyevi. vTxovdi, rom Camosuliyo.mamam momwera: patara aRara xar, Tvi-Ton unda icode, ras akeTeb. Tu ase gin-da, yovelTvis gverdiT migule. minda,dagexmaro. miswere baton leoniZes,Camovides, raTa, orive kacs erTaddavelaparako.

ase mTavrdeba nawili Canawerebisa,Semdgomi periodis dRiurebi ar Se-

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monaxula. samagierod, aqvea TviTonleoniZis dRiuri, miZRvnili maTipirveli Svilis _ lilisadmi. aseTisaTauriT _ ̀ patara qalis istoria~.es dRiuric dokumenturi prozisSesaniSnavi nimuSia. ramdenime abzacsukomentarod moviyvan:

Cem gogonas daarqves lili. raki aseundoda marias, me winaaRmdegi ar wave-di. marTalia, saxeli qarTuli ara aqvs,magram, Tu RmerTma damacala da ma-cocxla, vecdebi, namdvili qarTveliqali avRzardo (bedo, ar damcino!).

Svilo, dedaSeni iseTi sayvareli daiSviaTi adamiania, rom Tu cotaTimainc daemsgavsebi mas saTnoebiT, bed-nieri viqnebi, rogorc saaqaos, ise sai-qios.

...maria marTlac Turme yvelas mos-

wondaT wyaltuboSi da ambobdnen rakargi qali Camouyvania levanso

...Cemi yaribi guli gekuTvniT Sen da

dedaSens da aRar vici, Tu rogorgasiamovnoT am cxovrebis saval gzaze.

RmerTo Zliero, Tu gesmis Cemilocva, araferi ar minda Sengan, mindamxolod vicocxlo, rom marom dalilim ar igrZnon Tu ra aris oblobasulisa...

...ufrosi qaliSvilis Semdeg, 37-Si,

levansa da marias meore Svili _ le-vani SeeZinaT. am dros levans ukve dax-vreta hqonda misjili da ganaCenis sis-ruleSi moyvanas elodeboda;

...axla isev marias dRiurs mivubrun-

deT: ris vaivaglaxiT represiebsgamoridebul marias (levanis daxvre-tis Semdeg, erTxelac, maria, oriveSviliT, rogorc xalxis mtris col-Svili, SuaRames mZinareni wamouyriaT,etapiT cimbirSi unda gadaesaxlebi-naT da aq giorgi leoniZis avtoritetsgadaurCenia umweo qali da bavSvebi.pirdapir matareblidan daubrunebi-aT... da amis mere SeiZleba vinmes ga-ukvirdes, rad uZRvna giorgi leoniZem

belads amxela poema?!), rogorc mi-sianebi amboben, bevrjer hqonia sam-SobloSi wasvlisa da adamianuradcxovrebis saSualeba, magram katego-riuli uari ganucxadebia _ levanirom dabrundeba, Sin unda davxvdeo!...ucnauria, magram asea, samareSic im rw-meniT Cavida, levani cocxali iyo da...aucileblad daubrundeboda ojaxs.Svilebsac amave rwmeniT zrdida daqmarsac Svilebis Sesaxeb `uambobda~:

gana vinme aris Cemze ubeduri! sxvaqalebma is mainc ician, sad arian maTiqmrebi; an ician, rom qmari aRara hyavT.anda hyavT mama, deda an Zma, an naTesav-ebi. me vin myavs? aravin Cemi ori Svi-lis garda.

levan! amas SenTvis vwer. vzivar daganuwyvetliv vfiqrob Senze. vfiqrobda gelaparakebi. Seni foto midgas win,vuyureb da gelaparakebi.

10 weliwadia ukve, erTi didi dar-di maqvs. vis unda davelaparako da visunda movuyve amis Sesaxeb, Tu ara Sen;yvelas Tavisi gaWirveba aqvs, amitomacmxolod Sen gelaparakebi; rom icode,rogor menatrebi... axla vzivar saxl-Si, romelSic Sen daibade, sadac Sengaizarde da Zalian miyvars es saxli,radgan vici, rogor giyvars Seni sam-Soblo da sofeli, sadac Sen gaizarde.

miyvars es saxli. zustad vici, romsadac ar unda iyo, yovelTvis gagax-sendeba es saxli. rac ar unda giWird-es da rac ar unda gadagxdomoda Tavs,vici, rom Seni samSoblo yvelaze metadgiyvars, verasodes daiviwyebdi. rocaSens samSobloze fiqrob, vici, mec gax-sendebi da Seni Svilebic, amitomacmiyvars Seni kera da minda aq davrCe.

levan, levan! geZaxi xmamaRla. sadaxar? ise miWirs, roca ar vici, sad undamogZebnon Cemma fiqrebma. ramdeni qa-lia, romelmac qmari an vaJiSvilidakarga, romlebic gardaicvalnen anomSi daiRupnen. maT aRar aqvT imediimisa, rom odesme naxaven TavianT qm-rebs. me ki imedi ar damikargavs. darw-munebuli var, cocxali xar, Cven isevvnaxavT erTmaneTs! magram dro gadis

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da vberdebi. meSinia, rom movkvdebi daveRar gnaxav. Zalian mtkiva guli, romwarmovidgen, rom me aRar viqnebi da Sendabrundebi. waikiTxav Cems Canawerebsda mixvdebi, rogor Zlier miyvarxar,rogor menatrebi. Cemi grZnoba ki arsustdeba, Zlierdeba dRiTi-dRe.

aseTi Canawerebi gacilebiT sWar-bobs maria hofmanis bolo periodisdRiurebSi. erTgan imasac ki wers,erTi kaci miumgvanebia levanisaTvisda lamis saxlis karamde, fexdafexudevnia, vidre ar darwmunebula, romSemcdara. erTi piroba, ueWvianiakidec, vin icis, iqneb TbilisSi dab-runda da sxvasTan cxovrobso?!

...xandaxan gamikvirdeba, rogor Semi-

Zlia sicilio! _ wers da marTlac, amdRiurebs bolomde rom CaikiTxavT,gagikvirdebaT, ram gaaZlebina amqvey-nad? rogor gadaiqca saqarTvelo mis-Tvis meore samSoblod? ram SeaZlebi-na amdeni?

(nuTu mxolod siyvarulma?!)rogor moaxerxa sakuTar fesvebs mow-yvetilma qalma, aq, am saSinel sabWourdiqtaturaSi, Sinagani sulieri wonas-worobis araTu SenarCuneba, roman-tikuli sulis gadarCenac ki?

rogor atara mTeli sicocxleSoreul samSobloSi darCenili, ude-dod gazrdili Svilebis gausaZlisimonatreba? aki wers kidec, sococxlismimwuxrs: darwmunebuli var, imitomvisjebi, rom Svilebi mivatoveo!!!

Cemma Zmam ludvigma Svilebis fotogamomigzavna. roca maT suraTs davc-qeri, guli mikvdeba da dardimimZafrdeba. haraldi, Cemi pataraharaldi, mfrinavi iyo da sruliad ax-algazrda omSi daiRupa. aba, ra naxa manam cxovrebaSi? sruliad araferi! ud-edod gaizarda, vin icis, rogor ve-natrebodi?! Cemi qaliSvili marlizeukve 24 wlisaa da... SevxvdebiT ki odes-me erTmaneTs?!

...is Sinagani siZliere, erTguleba,

rac am ucxo tomis qalma gamoiCina,legendasac ki hgavs, magram, sabedni-erod, imgvari realobaa, romelic mar-Tlac rCeulTa xvedria. da mainc... viTitvirTa, rogor atara aseTi mZimejvari?!

P.S.sxva vin iyo maria hofmanis msaju-

lica da qomagi, Tu ara ufali Cveni _ieso qriste?!

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giorgi cocaniZe

qarTvel mTielTa sabrZolo wesebizepirgadmocemebisa da poeturi matianeebis mixedviT

me-18-19 saukuneTa mijnaze genera-li lazarevi, romelsac davalebulihqonda saqarTveloze yovelgvaricnobebis Segroveba, Cveni qveynissamxedro potencialis Sesaxeb ruse-Tis saimperatoro kars Semdeg cnobasawvdida: cxenosani jari, romelsacTavad-aznauroba Seadgens, Zaliankargia, maT Soris bevria gmiri. rac Se-exeba fexosans, romelic glexobisa-gan Sedgeba, arafrad ar varga gardaTuSebis, fSavlebisa da xevsurebisa,romlebic mTebSi cxovrobeno. vaxuS-ti bagrationi TuSebis Sesaxeb werda:`da arian brZolasa SemmarTebelni, mx-neni, Zlierni, mxedarni warmatebulnida usaqcieloni, briyvni... xolo Tuvin mdedr iyos guliTa da ivltodesbrZolasa Sina, amas aWmeven ZaRlTaTana gobsa Sina ZaRlTasa da arRarakacTa Tana~.

arnold zisermani ki werda: `wi-naaRmdeg cnobili romauli wesisa,romlis Tanaxmadac erTi unda daama-rcxo, ors unda Tavs daesxa, samisaganTavi unda daicva, xolo oTxs undagaeqce, TuSebs ara aqvT Cvevad, arkvi-on, ramdenia mowinaaRmdege. darwmu-nebulni imaSi, rom saqme ar unda gaT-avdes maTi mxridan brZolis gareSe,mtris danaxvisTanave ekveTebian mas,cdiloben, moklan rac SeiZleba metida Cveulebisamebr mohkveTon marjve-na xelebi, raTa miakran isini im Tavi-sianebis saxlebis kedlebze, vinc,Tavis mxriv, daeca mtris tyviiT gang-miruli~.

sworad SeuniSnavs rus generals,rom gvianfeodaluri xanis mTieli dabareli qarTveli glexobis meomruliTvisebebi didad gansxvavdeboda erT-maneTisagan, rac maTi gansxvavebulisaarsebo-sayofacxovrebo pirobebiTiyo gamowveuli: bareli glexi, so-cialurad diferencirebuli sazoga-doebis qveda fenis warmomadgeneli,ZiriTadad soflis meurne iyo _ masqveynis saarsebo dovlaTis Seqmna eva-leboda, mis samxedro usafrTxoebas kisazogadoebis zeda fena _ mefe-mTa-varTa da Tavad-aznaurTa Zala icavda,romelic dabadebidanve meomradizrdeboda da yalibdeboda. glexobamxolod ukidures SemTxvevaSi Caebme-boda brZolaSi isic maSin, Tu batoniuxmobda, an safrTxe uSualod misojaxs, mis sofels, mis samezoblosdaemuqreboda da maSinac mis saomarsaSualebas umeteswilad sasoflo-sameurneo iaraRebi _ Toxi, bari, fi-wali _ an kombali, xelketi, qva da sxvasagnebi warmoadgenda. glexobas sa-brZolo xelovnebas da omis wesebsaravin aswavlida.

sul sxvagvari wesiT cxovrobdnenqarTveli mTielebi: TuSebi, fSavlebida xevsurebi. isini aRmosavleTsaqarTvelos maRalmTianeTSi Zneladgadasalaxi mTebiT garemocul xeobeb-Si istoriis mTeli Tvalsawieris man-Zilze cxovrobdnen baris saqarTve-losagan mowyvetilni, damoukide-blad, gvarovnul-Temobrivi wyobi-lebis wesiT, romlis struqturasac

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awesrigebda qristianul marTlma-dideblobasTan sinkretulad Serw-ymuli warmarTul RvTaebaTa ierarqi-uli panTeoni, isini eweodnen karCa-ketil Sinameurneobas, TviTon Tavisisaarsebo dovlaTis Semqmnelni _ mx-vnel-mTesvelni da mesaqonlenic da amdovlaTis, sakuTari ojaxebisa damiwa-wylis saimedo damcvelnic.mTielma icoda, rom Tu ar iqneboda`brZolasa SemmarTebeli, mxne, Zlieri,mxedari warmatebuli~, igi ver Seinax-avda da ver daicavda verc Tavis miwa-wyals, verc Tavis mier Seqmnil dov-laTs da verc sakuTar ojaxs. movido-da masze ufro Zlieri `brZolasa Sem-marTebeli~ mezobeli, romelic missarCo-sabadebelsac waiRebda, miscol-Svilsac waiyvanda, sofels gaa-nadgurebda da adgil-mamulsac Tvi-Ton daepatroneboda. amitom mTielipataraobidanve meomrad izrdeboda.omi _ rogorc momxvduris daxvedra,ise sxvisTvis mixdoma, aqauri sityvax-marebiT ̀ davloba~, ̀ veloba-mekobro-ba~ _ kavkasiel mTielTa, rogorcqarTvelTa, ise araqarTvelTaTvis,gansakuTrebiT imaTTvis, vincfeodaluri da batonymuri urTier-TobebiT ar iyo SeboWili, cxovrebiswesebis organul nawils warmoadgen-da. mekobreobam, romelic adre daSuafeodalur saqarTveloSi social-ur-ekonomikuri yofis cocxal reali-ad gamoiyureba (es kargad Cans Zvelisaero literaturis ZeglebSi, ufrocxadad ki ̀ vefxistyaosanSi~) da gvian-feodalur xanaSi TiTqmis aRar Cans,mTianeTSi me-20 saukunis pirvelaTwleulebamdis Tavdapirveli saxiTSemoinaxa Tavi. yofierebis am mxar-esTan iyo mWidrod dakavSirebulimTaSi esoden popularuli `gmiroba-vaJkacobis~ ̀ mometeobis~, ̀ kai ymobis~,`mosaxleobis~ institutebi, rac TviTam movlenebsac da am fonze gamorCeulpirovnebebsac romantiulobis Sara-vandediT mosavda. `veloba-mekobro-ba~, anu igive ̀ davloba~ _ araTvistommezoblebze alafis asaRebad laSqro-ba, mTielTa sazafxulo cxovrebis

ganuyofeli nawili iyo didad azartu-li da, amdenadve, saxalisoc. saomarixma rom davardebodao, gviambobdnenim periodis momswre moxucebi, uwind-eli biWebi ise gaeSurebodnen iqiTken,gegoneboda lxinSi sadme miuxariaTo.omis xalisi, brZolaSi TavganwiruligadaSveba da gamarjvebiT Semoqcevissiamaye, omis romantika warmoSobda daasazrdoebda qarTvel mTielTa sag-miro poezias, rac Tavis mxriv, xelsuwyobda da stimuls aZlevda axal-ax-ali gmirebis warmoCenas:

***karg ymas gviWmie, dedao, dilaadrian sadili,an xma ram dauvardebis, an mTas gauva nadiri.cudsa rad unda, dedao, mzeamosvlamde sadili,arcra xma dauvardebis, arc mTas gauva nadiri.

***amboben gomewarSia, salekod davWraT mTanio,ara jers wowres papai, miTxos SevzdvaTa zario,miTxoTa gamovirekoT cxvar-cxeni, xarovanio.mogvdion miTxoelebma tiriliT qaleburasa,bevri gvasrion isari, vercerTi Cveneburasa.vina Tqva, enamc gahxmeba, wowres papai beria,beria, arc ra beria, siaxle xelTa sWeria,cxenze Sejdeba _ qorsa Rgav, dauqveiTebs _ mgelia.

amboben, nasaxelari vaJebis saqebies leqs-simRerebi umetesad qalebisnaTqvam-namReriao, rac kidev ufrometi mxneobisaTvis, kidev ufro metivaJkacuri SemarTebisa da Seupovrobi-saTvis aRagznebda rogorc TviT qebi-sa da simReris obieqts, iseve uamravsxvasac. `jer simRere Tqvianav TuSisqalebmao-d memr saxeli qnianav TuSeb-

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mav~ _ ambobdnen Turme xevsurebi. amg-varad mravldeboda ricxvi `mxneTa daZlierTa~, ̀ brZolasa SemmarTebelTa~,`mxedarTa warmatebulTa~ `Tavzex-elaRebulobamdis guladTa~, ris wy-alobiTac moaRwia kavkasiis mTianeT-ma, qarTulmac da araqarTulmac Seu-ryevlad, fuZedauZvrelad me-20saukunis mijnamdis manam, sanam igi Ta-vad iyo Tavisi Tavis baton-patroni,TviTon aZlevda Sesaferis pasuxsmtersac da moyvaresac. magram ai kideverTi gamarTleba geniosi poetis poet-urad naTqvami sibrZnisa, `mteri,moyvrulad mosuli, mtrisagan ufromteriaa~: me-20 saukunis ociani wleb-is dasawyisidan movida `moyvrulimteri~, romelmac Tumc ki moitana say-ovelTao mSvidoba _ bolo mouRomTielTa urTierTsawinaaRmdegoTareSs, urTierTrbevasa da mixtom-moxtomas, magram sul raRac naxevarisaukunec ar iyo gasuli, rom bolo mo-eRo saqarTvelos mTianeTis terito-riuli eTnosocialuri erTeulebisarsebobasac: dRes TuSeTi, fSavi daxevsureTi lamazi landSaftebia Zvelidasaxlebebis nangrevebad da nafuZre-bad SemorCenili an maTi saxecvlilinaSTebiT. albaT samarTliani iqnebo-da, rom mosaxleobisagan daclil amkuTxeebs erqvas ara TuSeTi, fSavi, xe-vsureTi, aramed _ naTuSeTari, nafSa-vari, naxevsureTali. ar gagondebaTilia WavWavaZiss lelTRunias sityve-bi `mgzavris werilebidan~: `rai arnmSvidaba... carial mSvidaba saflavSicgveyofis~? me ki xSirad magondeba dayovel mogonebaze mwared Semomkvnesisxolme guli.

magram isev didi ilias Tqmisa ariyos, `mas nuRar vstiriT, rac dakar-gula...~ amjerad Cveni mizani imis ayra-Cayra ki ar aris, ram daacariela dagaaukacriela TuS-fSav-xevsureTi,aramed gvinda gavixsenoT am kuTxeeb-is im periodis cxovrebis erTi umniS-vnelovanesi mxare, roca isini myaradmkvidrobdnen Tav-TavianT mama-pa-peul miwawyalze, rogorc saerTo-qarTveluri eTnosis eTnokulturu-

li ujredebi da cxovrobdnen TiToeu-li Tavisi originaluri wesebiTa datradiciebiT, risTvisac gansxvavebulg e o g r a f i u l - s a y o f a c x o v r e b opirobebSi xangrZliv izolirebul ar-sebobas yoveli maTganisaTvis am gare-mos Sesaferisi elferi mieca. erTi ramiyo saerTo da igiveobrivi rogorcamaT, ise amaTive mosazRvre mTasgada-Rmel mTielebs Soris: dabadebidanveTandayolili meomruli suli da sa-brZolo Cvevebi, rac stiqiurad Seqm-niliyo da saukuneTa ganmavlobaSiCamoyalibebuliyo mTiani reliefispirobebSi TavdasxmiTi da TavdacviTibrZolebis warmoebis taqtikur wese-bad. am wesebs iyenebdnen qarTveli daaraqarTveli mTielebi erTimeorezemekobruli dacemebis dros da amlaSqrobebis warmateba-warumateblo-ba bevrad iyo damokidebuli imaze, Turamdenad sworad warmarTavda Tavdam-sxmeli saomar moqmedebebs.

rogorc zemoTac vTqviT, mekobre-oba, aqauri sityvaxmarebiT `mekopro-ba~, qarTvel da araqarTvel mTielTa_ lekTa da vainaxTa _ cxovrebis or-ganuli nawili iyo, gaCenili ara aq,aqaur adgilobriv pirobebSi, aramedSoreul winaparTagan momdinare, ma-gram am arqaul kuTxeebSi sxva arqaulrealiebTan erTad arsebobda rogorcerTi friad kolorituli arqaizmTa-gani.

dadgeboda zafxuli, dro ̀ veloba-mekoprobisa~ da aeSleboda mTielsomis saRerReli _ `omis liRari~:

amboben daRistanSia, axla velobis xania,zamTarSi nakvexn vaJisi axla cxadebis xania.

aqeT qarTveli mTielis guli aC-qroldeboda saomrad, visi person-ificirebuli sabrZolo saWurvelicki _ misi xmal-xanjali, jaWv-muzara-di, cxen-abjari _ masTan erTarsebadgamTlianebuli, moicveboda omSi ga-daSvebis, `saxelis qnis~, qalTa qebisobieqtad gaxdomis surviliT:

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***beTlemis karsa hkidia, oJa jurxais fario,mauvlis omis liRari, SaaJrialebs qario.

***WarisTav, cxenma SaWylivla, WarSi Cavidnes cxvanio,ver Semxvda kai patroni, ver Camaneba Tavio.arSaulaTaR miyidon, qrTamad gaiRon rvalio,zed Semjdes arSaulao, TeTris burayis tario.igre Caviyvan WarSia, TuSn arsi iyvnen sxvanio,saxelsac movaRebieb, jarze mReroden qalnio.

bRujavda jarze mjdomi vaJkaci xm-lis vadas da omidan maSinRa dabruneb-uli kvlav oms natrobda, roca ismen-da dedaTagan naTqvam `simReres~:

Zmano, karno kinisano, cixeebo almasisi,omSi CaxvalT, mters egoneb, mex Tu Camovarda cisi,amoisec freniT amoxvT, arwivebo, maRlis mTisi.

imisdamixedviT, Tu ra raodenobismeomrebisgan Sedgeboda velad gasuli`mekopari~, mas saxelic sxvadasxva er-qva da moqmedebiTac sxvadasxva wese-biT moqmedebda. yvelaze mcire, ram-denimekaciani, jgufi `mziri~ iyo. igisamimosvlo gzebTan Casafrebulielodeboda msxverpls da Zarcvavdamas. gansakuTrebuli wesebi aq ar iyo,situaciidan gamomdinare moqmedebda.`mziris~ mizans Zalian xSirad sisx-lisZieba warmoadgenda. sisxlismaZie-beli `mzirad~ ujdeboda konkretulpirovnebas, mosisxles, umeteswiladmarto an erT amxanagTan erTad, cdi-lobda, moekla igi da wamoeRo misimoWrili marjvena xeli, romelsac mis-gan mokluli Tavisianis saxlis kedels

miakravda. sisxlismaZiebeli mziri mo-qmedebda Cumad, uxmaurod da cdilob-da rac SeiZleboda swrafad gasclo-da SemTxvevis adgils, raTa mdevari arwamosweoda da saZebar sisxls zed misisisxlic ar damateboda: `Tofsa ar is-vris rostomi, gatexa ar und xmisao,mokla xadeTi baTiri, momklavi Zmo-bilisao~.

sadavlod wasul meomarTa Sedare-biT mravalricxovani jgufi, or aTe-ul kacamde raodenobiT, `damcems~warmoadgenda. mis mizans mxolod na-davlis wamoReba-wamoyvana Seadgenda.`mekopars~ romelime pirovneba Seyri-da, meTaurobasac TviTon ikisrebda dawaiyvanda winaswar mizanSi amoRebulicxvris erTi faris, mTaSi saialaRodgaSvebuli xarovanis an cxenis jogisdasataceblad. aq laSqrobis warmate-bis sawindari ramdenime garemoeba iyo:dacemis obieqtisa da drois sworadSerCeva, moulodneli Tavdasxma,swrafi wamosvla da mdevris mogerie-ba. dacemis obieqtad iseT faras, nax-irs an jogs airCevdnen, romelicdasaxlebis axlos ar unda yofiliyo,raTa mdevris gamoCenamdis didi man-Zili gamoevloT da, Tu SesaZlebeliiqneboda, samSvidobosac gamo-suliyvnen. pirvel yovlisa mwyemsebsgaaneitralebdnen: xelfexSekrulebsdatovebdnen adgilze an Tan wamoiy-vandnen, raTa maT ar SeetyobinebinaTTemisaTvis. roca gamoscdebodnen sax-ifaTo adgils da Tavs samSvidobosdaigulebdnen, datyvevebul da Tan-wamoyvanil mwyemsebs gauSvebdnen. mde-vari romc wamosuliyo, moZalades ve-rafers daaklebda da xelcarieligabrundeboda ukan. es `mekoproba~Sedegianad mTavrdeboda. magram Turomelime mwyemsi gaqcevas moaswrebda,damcemTa razmma icoda, rom brZolagardauvali iqneboda da amisTvismoemzadebodnen: nawili datacebulxvastags gamorekavda, nawili ukandadgeboda mdevris mosagerieblad _`mdevars ubrundeboda~. iwyeboda ase-Ti SemTxvevisTvis damaxasiaTebeli`omi Seqcev-gaqceviT~, anu poziciidan

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poziciaze gadasvla Tavdacvis xel-sayreli mdgomareobis dasakaveblad.ase `Seqcev-gaqceviT~, wesrigianad ix-evda mdevris momgeriebeli ukan da sa-Sualebas aZlevda Tavis amxanagebspirutyvis gamorekvisa. roca `damce-mi~ datacebul saqonels samSvidobosgamoiyvanda, mdevari mis devnas SeeSve-boda da `mekoproba~ gamarjvebiTmTavrdeboda. magram Tu mdevari im-Zlavrebda, mekopars `gzas mostaceb-da~ e.i. gzas gadauWrida, mas alyaSimoxvedris saSiSroeba Seeqmneboda, iginadavls tovebda da cdilobdauzaralod ganrideboda brZolis adg-ils. es ukve marcxiani ̀ mekoproba~ iyo.

moalafe meomarTa ufro did daorganizebul TavSeyras ̀ jari~ ewode-boda. `jarad wasvla~ erqva mezobelTemebze laSqrobas soliduri nadav-lis wamosaReb-wamosayvanad. Tu ̀ meko-pris~ Seyra da mekopruli dacema xde-boda saxeldaxelod, winaswari samza-disis gareSe, `jaris Seyras~ da `jar-ad wasvlas~ guldaguli samzadisiuZRoda xolme win. omis wesebis mkac-ri dacvac swored `jaruli~ laS-qrobebis dros iyo aucilebeli. aqau-ri Tavdasxmebi ewyoboda Tumca mar-tivi, magram adgilobriv reliefuripirobebis Sesabamisad sakmaod goniv-rulad gaazrebuli ̀ strategiul-taq-tikuri~ gegmis mixedviT. Seqmnila spe-cialuri terminologiac: `veloba~,`jari~, ̀ mekopari~, ̀ dazveri~, ̀ mziri~,`mewvere~, `TareSi~, `mebake~, `sabake~,`mdevari~ da sxva. `jariT wasvla~ xSi-ri ar iyo. is SeiZleba momxdariyo we-liwadSi erTxel an ramdenime welSierTxelac. Cven javrze, e.i. samagierosgadasaxdelad, maTgan miyenebulizaralis asanazRaureblad gadav-diodiTo, gvarwmunebdnen amgvarilaSqrobebis monawile moxucebi, ma-gram Cans mxolod samagieros gadaxdismizniT ar ewyoboda qisteT-lekeTi-saken qarTvel mTielTa amgvari sa-TareSo gasvlebi _ es maTi cxovrebiswesis sisxl-xorceul nawilad gam-oiyureboda.

jaris Seyras iTavebdnen romelime

soflis an sagvareulos kacebi, visacraime `javri mohfuoda~ qisteTisa dalekeTis romelime konkretuli Temisan soflisa. ̀ sofli-sofl~ Seatyobin-ebdnen, anu `xmas miagdebdnen~, ama daam dRes aqeT da aqeT vapirebTo davisac guli erCis, wamovideso. mar-Tlac daniSnul dRes daniSnul adgi-las Tavs moiyrida `gulmerColTa~sakmao raodenoba _ `jari~ _ romlisricxvic erT aseuls iSviaTad aWarbeb-da. yoveli meomari Tan wamoiRebda sa-miode dRis sakmar sagZals _ gudiTxalsa da kalts, Zalian xSirad `er-boanyvas~ _ erboTi gazelil xals.rasac cota adgili sWirdeboda, mzasaWmeli iyo da Tan mawieri. salaSqroulufaSi Turme aucileblad Sediodadamwvari puri, kuWSi Semkravi saSu-aleba, riTic ieriSis win danayrde-bodnen, raTa gaxurebuli omis drosiZulebiTi gaCerebis saWiroebaaecilebinaT Tavidan. meomarTa nawilsgulze avgarozad ekida an gulis jibe-Si edo gvelis gamxmari ena. aqauri rw-meniT, mis mflobels mtris tyvia arekareboda.

Seyrili jari larSqrobis win am-oirCevda winamZRols mxolod amlaSqrobisaTvis, radgan mudmiv be-ladTa socialuri fena aq ar arsebob-da. winamZRolobas sTxovdnen laS-qrobebSi mravalgzis gamocdils,`gziansa da gamWres~, Tavdasxmis obieq-tisaken gza-savalis karg mcodnes:

saaqvaroeb jarebi yidusTav grovdebiana,dasxdes, dajardes TuSebi, winamZRvars Rondebiana.gauZeRv, bequriSvilo, beladad gaqebdiana,gauZRveb bequriSvili, gzaqirkvann xandebiana.

jars rom `daiZaxebdnen~, jarobisiniciatorebi Tanve `dazvers~ gagza-vnidnen, erTs an ramdenime kacssalaSqrod mizanSi amoRebuli obieq-tis Sesaswavlad. `dazveri~ gadavi-dodaa xan farulad, sanadirod an

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stumrad nacnobTan. gaigebda, daad-genda sad ra farebi da jogebi idga,xalxi frTxilobda Tu `dandomiT~iyo, mTa-gzebSi yaraulebi edgaT Tuara, Tu edgaT, sad ramdeni kaci yarau-lobda da sxva. amasobaSi aq jariSeiyreboda. amoirCevdnen winamZRols,Semdeg kenWisyriT gamoyofdnen `mew-vereebs~, `TareSSi Camsvlelebs~, `gz-isas~. aqve ficiT daTqvamdnen, rommokluli da daWrili Tavisiani mtristeritoriaze ar unda daetovebinaT.

laSqroba RamiT iwyeboda. upirve-les yovlisa moxsnidnen yarauls, Tuis idga _ Cumad ganaiaraRebdnen an,ukidures SemTxvevaSi, daxocavdnen.ise ki amgvar SemTxvevebSi zedmet sisx-ls eridebodnen. ̀ mewvereebi~ miniSneb-ul simaRleebs daikavebdnen ise, romsxva Temebidan momavali gza-bilikebi`gamoTofili~, Tofis mizanSi hqondaTamoRebuli, raTa maSveli Zalebi-saTvis gza SeekraT, Tavdasxmis obieq-ti moewyvitaT, gamoecalkevebinaT; amxeobidan saZovrebisken amomavali gze-bis mimarjvebiT `mziri~ Casafrdebo-da. yovelive es udidesi sifrTxilisdacviT keTdeboda, uxmaurod, rom naa-drevad xma ar gastexodaT, rac TiTq-mis laSqrobis CaSlis tolfasi iyo.diliT daicdiddnen, sanam mTelipirutyvi saZovarze ar gamovidoda.mzis amosvlis xans `CauSvebdnenTareSs~ _ anazdeulad da erTdrou-lad daecemodnen cxvris farebs, xaro-vans, Zroxis naxirebs, cxenis jogebs dagamoirekavdnen. ucabedad gamayruebe-li srola atydeboda yoveli mxridan.wamovidoda dazaralebuli sof-lebidan mdevari, maT ̀ mziri~ Seukrav-da gzas. sxva soflebidan da xeobe-bidan wamosul maSvels `mewvereebi~gadauRobavdnen Tofis cecxliT gamo-sasvlelebs. amasobaSi TareSi mTelpirutyvs erTad Seyrida da gamoi-rekavda. ̀ mziri~ pirutyvis wamosvlis-dakvalad brZoliT ixevda ukan daTareSs mdevrisagan ifaravda. maTvemxars uWerdnen mewvereebi axlo-max-lo simaRleebidan. iseTi STabeWdile-ba iqmneboda, TiTqos yoveli mTa,

gori, klde, xevi Tofs isvriso. Tumdevari imZlavrebda da mzirsgauWirdeboda misi Sekaveba, TareSisnawili pirutyvs gamoirekavda, nawili`mdevarT ubrundeboda~, iwyeboda ̀ Se-qcev-gaqceviT~ omi. datacebul xvast-ags rom uReltexils gadmoacilebd-nen, mdevari imeds gadaiwyvetda dadabrundeboda. mewvereebic moxsnid-nen TavianT postebs. jari Tan wamoiy-vanda daWrilebs da daxocilebs. aseTomSi damcemi nakleb zaralobda, xalx-is zarali mdevars meti mosdioda.mTel pirutyvs im adgilas gad-morekavdnen, saidanac jari gavida. esumetesad saTemo sakrebulo adgiliiyo, an romelime saTemo salocaviskari. jari nadavls yovel mebrZolzeTanabrad gaanawilebda. zedmetisaRebis ufleba aravis hqonda. moklu-lis Wirisufals miscemdnen wilszeviT nadavlis garkveulraodenobas`samarxad~, daWrilebs _ ̀ saaqimos~ daTu vinme gansakuTrebiT gamoiCendaTavs, mas rogorc `memakes~ `samaked~ergeboda erTi nayoCari, an saerTowilSi saukeTesoebis arCevis ufleba.

axlo mezoblebze salaSqrod`jari~ fexiT wavidoda. iq cxeni zed-meti , xelis SemSleli iqneboda, magramTu `sadavlod~ sakmaod Sors gadaw-yvetdnen wasvlas: Waris mTebisken,Suaguli daRestnis an qisteT-Ril-RveTis Soreuli Temebisaken, aq cx-enosani wavidoda da Tan salaSqrodroSebsac waimZRvarebdnen. scodniaTlaSqruli simRerac. simReris motiviTuSuri dalaobisas hgvanebia, sam-gloviaro moZaxils, romelsac micva-lebulis wlisTavze gamarTuli doRi-sas asruleben mxedrebi garkveul sam-gloviaro ritualTan erTad. simRe-ris teqsti ki, samwuxarod, daviwyebasmiscemia. me piradad misi mxolod pat-ara fragmenti gamigonia da maxsovs:

ymawvilo, omsa uCvevo, omis dedobam icia?win Casvla, ukven amosvla, CaSvelebaim icia?s

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`jarobebis~ dros iwrToboda dayalibdeboda meomris, vaJkacis piradiTvisebebi, dinji da mtkice xasiaTi,Rirseuli, eTikuri qcevis normebi.vaJkacis xasiaTebis am mxareebis qebaski ukve qalebs aRar aclidnen mTielikacebi, TviTon qmnidnen da TviTonveambobdnen simRerebsac salaSqrodSeyril jarobebze:

***jarni rom dajardebian, jarze Tavdablad dasjdodi,TareSs ro daerCevian, cxen Saxkmazodi, Sasjdodi,Cais Caxvidi winwina, amois ukven dazdgodi,Tuki saxelis qna ginda, kai vaJkacTan dazdgodi.

***kaiyma xmalsa Caxedavs, gimiWrisaa Tu ara,cudai _ qalis ubesa, Camixvevsaa Tu ara?

qarTvel mTielTa yvelaze didisamxedro TavSeyra iyo `laSqari~,romelic Seiyreboda ukve ara rome-lime soflis, Temis an xevis kacebismier, aramed baridan mosuli mefismacneebis _ `damZaxeblebis~ _ mo-wodebaze qarTlis, kaxeTis an mTlianisaqarTvelos, rogorc aq ambobdnen,`saqristianosaTvis~ wminda omSi bare-li TanamoZmeebisaTvis saSvelad. amdros Seyrili `laSqari~ Tavs moiyri-da Tavisi mTavari salocavi jvaris

karze. gadaixdidnen saRmrTos `laS-qarTmocauri angelozebis~ sadide-blad da salaSqro, e.w. `mgzavridroSebis~ winamZRolobiT daeSvebod-nen barad mTlian samefo laSqarTan Se-saerTeblad, sadac TuS-fSav-xevsure-Ti erT sadroSod gamodioda. gvian-feodalur xanaSi am gaerTianebulsadroSos ukve sardlobda samefokarisagan mTianeTis gamgeblad daniS-nuli piri, `TuSTmouravi~, kaxeTissaTavado ojaxis kaci ColoyaSvileb-is sagvareulodan.

TuSno, fSavelno, xevsurno, laSqari gavaziaroT,erTmaneTs mxari vuWiroT, mteri ki davazianoT.

da TuS-fSav-xevsurTa es `gaziare-buli~ urTierTmxardamWeri, mTiuromebSi nawrTob-gamobrZmedili laS-qari marTlac gvarianad `azianebda~mters da yovelTvis mniSvnelovan si-tyvas ambobda saerTo samamulo omeb-Si.

qarTvel mTielTa gansakuTrebulimeomruli Tvisebebi SeuniSnavi ardarCenia saqarTveloSi misi aneqsiiswin ruseTis saimperatoro karisgangamogzavnil `dazvers~, rus generallazarevs, da saTanado Setyobinebacgaugzavnia Tavisi patronisaTvis, romqarTvelTa fexosan laSqarSi angariS-gasawev Zalas mxolod TuSebi, fSavle-bi da xevsurebi warmoadgendnen, rom-lebic mTebSi cxovrobeno. vin icis,sad dasWirveboda moyvrulad mosulmters am informaciis qona.

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vaxtang guruli

winaswarmetyvelebagoderZi Coxelis `suleTis kidobani~

goderZi Coxels hqonda epoqis ar-sSi wvdomis araCveulebrivi alRo,SeeZlo erTi fraziT gadmoeca epoqissuli. man erTnairad kargad icodarogorc saqarTvelos Zveli, ise axa-li da uaxlesi istoria. epoqis aRqmi-sas mwerlisTvis umTavresi iyoerovnul-saxelmwifoebrivi da ekle-siuri pozicia. goderZi CoxelisaTvisaraerovnuli adamiani amave drosaraeklesiuric iyo da piriqiT.

goderZi Coxelis `suleTis ki-dobani~ saqarTvelos uaxlesi is-toriis mateanea. mxatvruli sityvisdidostatma istoriul movlenaTa aR-qmisa da Sefasebis gasaocari unari ga-moavlina.

XX saukunis 70-80-iani wlebidansaqarTveloSi dawyebulma erovnulmamoZraobam arCevanis winaSe daayenaqarTveli eri. am arCevanis gakeTebaadvili ar iyo. mzardi erovnulimoZraoba sasikeTod cvlida sazoga-doebis ganwyobilebas. antisabWoTada antirusuli suliskveTeba TiTqmisupirobod gabatonda axalgazrdoba-Si, nel-nela icvleboda saSualo Tao-bis damokidebulebac... yovelive es arexeboda goderZi Coxels. misTvis jerkidev samwerlo asparezze gamosvli-sas miuRebeli iyo is politikuri re-Jimi, romlis Secvlasac isaxavdamiznad erovnuli moZraoba. ̀ suleTiskidobanSi~ ganviTarebuli movlenebi

XX saukunis 70-80-iani wlebidan(erovnuli moZraobis aRmavlobisdasawyisidan) iRebs dasabams da sauku-nis bolomde grZeldeba.

simboloebiT istoriuli procesisgadmocema advili saqme ar aris. erTimxriv, is moiTxovs maRal mxatvrulazrovnebas da meore mxriv, istoriu-li procesis detalur codnas. wina-aRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, mizani miRweuliver iqneba. goderZi Coxeli istoriulfaqtebze Riad ar msjelobs, istori-uli procesi, calkeuli movlenebi dafaqtebi simboloebadaa qceuli.qarTveli politikosebi da xelisu-flebis maRalCinosnebi samuzeumo eq-sponatebis saxiT arian warmodge-nilni. msgavseba imdenad didia, rommkiTxvels amocnoba ar uWirs.

SuRliaanT sebam gudamayris muze-umis daarseba gadawyvita. am SemTx-vevaSi seba erovnuli moZraobis damw-yebis, misi erT-erTi Tavkacis sim-boloa. seba eris gamoRviZebas cdi-lobs:

`ver xedavT, xalxo, Tvalsa da xels-Sua gvecleba warsuli... modiT, sanamdroa, erTi muzeumi avaSenoT, imiTmainc davrCebiT qveyanaze~.

eris gamoRviZeba da praqtikulisaqmianobis dawyeba advili ar iyo.qarTuli erovnuli moZraobis winam-ZRolebi sawyis etapze bevr winaaRmde-gobas waawydnen. xalxs maTi ar sjero-

mwerali da alegoria

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da, arc endobodnen. swored es mov-lenaa simbolurad gamoxatuligudamayris muzeumis daarsebis idei-sadmi sebas mezoblebis skeptikurdamokidebulebaSi:

`ee, Cemo sebav, kargi erTi, Ce! _eub-neba mezobeli.

_ saqme Tavze gadamdis da me me-muzeumeba?! _ ambobs meore.

_ ma ra vqnaT xalxo, ese ubralodwaiSalos Cveni warsuli?!~

erovnuli moZraobis Tavkacebipirvel winaaRmdegobebs, xalxis ganw-yobilebas ar SeuSinebia. isini jiutadcdilobdnen skeptikosTa darwmu-nebas. ase iqceva sebac:

`usaqmuri da moclili arc me var,magram STamomavlobas xo unda davu-tovoT warsuli. qveyanam xo unda gai-gos, rom erT dros Cvenc viyaviTdedamiwaze, gudamayrelebi gverqva davarsebobdiT.~

erovnuli moZraobis istorias go-derZi Coxeli gudamayris xeobisa da,kerZod, sofel Coxis magaliTze war-moaCens. sofeli Coxi odiTganve dad-genili wesiT cxovrobda:

`mxolod erT adgilas aris vake ad-gili, iq, sadac axla sofeli Coxia gaS-enebuli. adre, rogorc sxva aqaurisoflebi, cicabo mTis ferdobze iyodakidebuli, mere ki TandaTan Camosax-ldnen am mindorze Coxelebi. adreakrZaluli hqonda xalxs aq dasaxle-ba, radgan mTeli mindori pirimze _fuZis angelozis moednad iTvleba dasalocavad mosuli xalxi aq aTenebsRames~.

Coxis (e.i. saqarTvelos) tradiciu-li yofa pirvelad rusebma daarRviesXIX saukunis damdegs. es movlena `su-leTis kidobanSi~ asea warmodgenili:

`raki darialidan momavali gza ammindorze Camodis, roca rusebisaqarTveloSi Semovidnen, pirveladimaT daarRvies pirimzis salocavisridi da uzarmazari bastioni aaSenessalocavis moednis Sua gulSi.

rusebma SebRales Coxis (e. i. saqar-Tvelos) siwminde:

pirimzis salocavis zemoT, fer-dobze, xatis tyea gaSenebuli. iq xismoWra akrZaluli aqvT gudamayre-lebs, rusebi ki arafrad agdebdnen sa-locavis SiSs da uzarmazar wiflis xe-ebs Wridnen~.

sabWoTa wyobileba moispo, sabWoTakavSiri daiSala, saqarTvelos saxelm-wifoebrivi damoukidebloba aRdga.simbolurad yovelive es mweralmaCoxSi, pirimzis moedanze, muzeumismSeneblobiT gamoxata. miRweuliTkmayofili iyo didi jafiT damaSvra-li seba:

`mainc gadaxura muzeumi.kari Seaba da urduli dauyena Si-

gnidan.garedan klite Seaba.aragvSi gaRma gavida, gorgaslis

nagzevze Camojda da iqidan gamoxedaSenobas.

pirimzis moedanze lamazad idgamuzeumi~.

gudamayris muzeumi axali, damo-ukidebeli saqarTvelos simboloa.yvela saRad moazrovne adamiani jerkidev 1990-1991 wlebSi cxadad grZnob-da, rom saqarTvelos seriozuli sa-frTxe eloda. am safrTxeebze bevrs dasajarod saubrobdnen. es movlenagoderZi Coxelma salocavidan dab-runebul sebas da aparekas Soris dia-logiT gamoxata:

`salocavidan dabrunebuls apare-kai Semoxvda win.

_ udReo dRes xatSi raisTvisasulxar sebav?! _ gaikvirva aparekam.

_ muzeumSi Savaxvewe did pirimzes,dailocos imis Zali _ Tqva sebam.

_ muzeumi gviSvelis ai swored.vera xedav aragvi ras Svreba, gax-afxuls aqeT angrevs da angrevs mind-ors, sadacaa sofels Caagdebs. aRar-cvin jebiris gamagrebaze fiqrobs,xalxs aqeT-iqiT gaqcevaze uWiravsTvali. ase Tu gagrZelda, sofelsacwaiRebs da im Sen muzeumasac Tan miay-olebs~.

seba erovnuli moZraobis im Tavka-cis simboloa, romelsac swamda, rom

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sabWoTa imperia ver SeaferxebdasaqarTvelos swrafvas damoukide-blobisaken. amitomaa, rom jiutad pa-suxobs aparekas:

_ ara mgonia, ver waiRebs!_ viTom ratom ver waiRebs, adide-

bul wyals ra daudgeba win._ RmerTi, RmerTi ar gaatans~.damoukideblobis pirveli dReebi

sayovelTao eiforiis, didi imedebisdReebi iyo. yovelive amis simboloa is,rasac muzeumSi akeTebs seba. pirvelrigSi, sebam aRmosavleTis kedelzefardagi Camokida:

`TiTqos gacocxlda fardagze amo-qarguli saqarTvelos ruka; mzis sx-ivebma gaacocxles, idumaleba da mara-diuloba SesZines yovel fers.

fardagis oTxive kuTxeSi jvrebiamoeqarga mqsovels~.

aSkaraa, rom `nair-nair ferebad~aelvarebul Zvelebur fardagze `ru-suli bastionis~ gamoCena simbolurimiTiTebaa im safrTxeze, rasac ruse-Ti uqmnida damoukidebel saqarTve-los.

saqarTvelos damoukideblobispirveli xanebis movlenaTagan yvelaskargad axsovs amerikis SeerTebuliStatebidan qaixosro (qaquca) Colo-yaSvilis TanamebrZolis aleqsandresulxaniSvilis Camoyvana da saqarTve-los erovnuli xelisuflebisaTvisqaqucas razmis sabrZolo droSis ga-dacema. goderZi Coxelma es movlenaase gamoxata. sebam sofel aTnoxidanmuzeumSi gadmoitana samasi aragvelismedroSis, aTnoxeli ninia afciaurisnatarebi xmali. ninia afciauri daqaquca ColoyaSvili saqarTvelos is-toriis ori sxvadasxva epoqis gmirebsganasaxiereben, ninia afciauris xmalida qaquca ColoyaSvilis droSa gmir-uli istoriuli warsulis simboloe-bia:

`sebam xmali, xanjali da fari Camo-hkida fardagis Sua gulSi. es xmalididi wvalebiT wamoiRo aTnoxidan se-bam. gadmocemiT es xmali samasi aragve-lis medroSes, ninia afciaurs ekuTvn-

oda da muzeumSi Camosakideblad araZlevdnen sebas~.

Zneli gamodga damoukidebeli saq-arTvelos pirveli dReebi, kvirebi,Tveebi, 1990-1991 wlebi... yvelas sur-da umaRles politikur elitaSidaemkvidrebina adgili, yvela maRaliTanamdebobisaken iswrafoda. aRaravinuwevda angariSs kompetenturobas,niWs, ganaTlebas. yvelas Tavisi Taviegona niWieric, ganaTlebulic daRirseulic. amitom iTxovda, cdilob-da Tavisi Tavi sxvaze win daeyenebina,sxva daewixla. es samarcxvino movlenagoderZi Coxelma simbolurad muzeum-Si sapatio adgilze, aRmosavleTiskedelze dakidebul fardagze, sam-uzeumo eqsponatebis mier adgilisdakavebisaTvis gamarTuli Sexla-SemoxliTa da CxubiT gamoxata:

`iyo erTi gauTavebeli Rriancelida lanZRva-gineba. eqsponatebi adami-anis xmaze lanZRavdnen erTi-meores...

_ moicaT, moicaT, ra dagemarTaT?!yvelani ro am fardagze CamovekidoT,ver gagviZlebs, Camowydeba _ xmamaR-la iZaxda fari da ieriSze wamosulnivTebs igeriebda.

_ Sen ro fardagze da gamosaCenadgilas xar gamoWimuli, vaJbatono,Cvenc gvinda mand yofna! _ Seutiaaryis tikma.

_ xo unda icodeT, vis gekuTvniTda vis ara am kedelze yofna! _ iZaxdaninia afciauris naqoni xmali.

_ Sen Tu gekuTvnis, Cven ratom argvekuTvnis?! Cven ra, Senze naklebi ma-muliSvilebi varT? Senze naklebadgviyvars mamuli? ki batono, aravin argikargavs amags, didi sisxli daRvarekrwanisSi saqarTvelosaTvis, magramra mere? moigeT is omi Tu ra?! _ Seu-tia xmals diplipitom.

_ diplipito, xma Caikmide Torem,agkafav RvTis madlma! _ haerSi gaiSx-uila xmalma.

SeSinebuli diplipito dols amoe-fara, romelic fardagze agorebascdilobda da braga-brugi gaudioda:

_ aravize naklebi ara var, aravize!

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_ iZaxda gagulisebuli doli _ racme qarTvelebi micekvebia qorwilebSida dReobebSi, imis Rirsi aRara var rofardagze viyo gamosaCen adgilasCamokidebuli, ha?! _ iZaxda doli~.

cnobilia, 1990-1991 wlebSi koWlicxvris faris saTaveSi moqcevis sur-viliT mravali daavadda. xelisufleb-is maRal eSelonebSi am brZolis CaxSo-bas amaod cdilobda ramdenime didiavtoritetis mqone mamuliSvili. xe-lisuflebaSi adgilis damkvidrebissurvili imdenad didi iyo, rom adami-anebis nawils yovelgvari Rirsebadaukarga, erovnuli da saxelmwifoe-brivi Rirebulebebi aRaravis ainter-esebda. am movlenis simboluri gamo-xatulebaa erTi epizodi muzeumis eq-sponatebs Soris amtydari Cxubidan:

`_ Camowydeba xalxo fardagi!Camowydeba saqarTvelo!

_ SeSfoTebuli iZaxda wigni,romelSic `vefxistyaosani~ iyo dabe-Wdili da fardagze gamosaCen adgil-as miamagra sebam ZafebiT.

_ wadi, Seni! aRar geyo amdenipirveloba! _ tori mouqnia daTvisfitulma da Zirs Camoagdo wigni~.

1991 wlis seqtemberSi TbilisSi,rusTavelis gamzirze, parlamentisSenobis win Sekrebili opozicia xe-lisuflebam samxedro ZaliT dasarbe-vad ver gaimeta, Tumca damarcxebuliopozicia haerSi gamayruebeli sro-liT gaaciles. es iyo xelisuflebismxridan seriozuli gafrTxileba,Tumca opozicia ar daSinda da xelisu-flebasTan dapirispirebas ganagrZob-da. igi ZalauflebisaTvis brZolas,sakuTari politikuri miznebis real-izebisaTvis swrafvas demokratiisdacvis lozungiT niRbavda. simbolu-rad swored am movlenas gamoxatavsmuzeumSi mimdinare dapirispirebisgagrZeleba:

`am dros iWeqa Tofma, romelicfardagze ekida.

Tofis xmam iqauroba gaayrua dakvamli ro gaifanta, Tofma Tqva:

_ Tu ar moisvenebT, icode kide vi-

Weqeb!SeSinebuli nivTebi kuTxeebSi mi-

iyuJnen~.xelisuflebisa da opoziciis da-

pirispireba 1991 wlis dekemberSi sam-xedro konfrontaciaSi, SeiaraRebulbrZolaSi gadaizarda. opoziciaserovnuli xelisuflebis damxobaSiTbilisSi mdgari rusuli garnizonidaexmara. Cveni istoriis es tragiku-li movlena `suleTis kidobanSi~ aseawarmodgenili:

`isini miiwevdnen aRmosavleTiskedlisaken da adgilebs ikavebdnenfardagze amoqargul saqarTvelosrukaze.

sebam Tvali mohkra erdodan, rompirimzis moedanze SemorCenili rusu-li bastionidan rusi jariskacebisaCrdilebi gamovidnen, erdoebidanmuzeumSi SemoZvrnen da ajanyebulnivTebs miexmarnen Tofis CamogdebaSi.

mere ise Cumad gaiparnen aCrdilebida bastions Seafares Tavi~.

samxedro gadatrialebis SemdegTviT gamarjvebul opoziciaSi daiwyoganxeTqileba, ukve ̀ demokratebma~ ve-Rar gaiyves saxelisuflebo Tanamde-bobebi. damxobili kanonieri xelisu-flebis momxreebi brZolas ar wyvetd-nen. samxedro sabWo didi sisastikiTaxSobda nebismier saprotesto gamos-vlas. am movlenis simboluri gamoxat-ulebaa muzeumSi mimdinare dapiri-spireba:

`xis orTiTam, rkinis fiwalma daJangianma sadgisma daikaves fardagisSuaguli. imaT iqiT-aqeT danarCenmanivTebma iwyes ganlageba.

_ ee, eee! egre ar aris to! _ iyviraorTiTam _ egre ar gamova, to!demokratia imas ki ar niSnavs, yvelaniisev am fardagze amobobRdeT!

_ yvelam Tavisi adgili icodeT,demokratiaSic da qeifSic! _ Suagulfardagze abobRda aryis tiki.

_ xunta! xunta! _ yvirodnenTofis momxreebi.

rkinis fiwali gamoekida maT da mi-mofanta~.

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krizisi grZeldeboda. aseT viTare-baSi samxedro sabWom miiRo (Tu miaRe-bines) mZime gadawyvetileba _ moskov-Si myofi eduard SevardnaZe moiwvies.umTavresi argumenti, riTac arc Tuise saxarbielo komunisturi warsu-lis mqone eduard SevardnaZis damo-ukidebeli saqarTvelos politikurliderad mowvevas amarTlebdnen, misigamocdileba iyo. amasTan erTad, edu-ard SevardnaZe gamocxadda ̀ berliniskedlis damangrevlad~, ̀ germaniis gam-aerTianeblad~, ̀ sabWoTa kavSiris dam-Slelad~. uazrod imeorebda viRacdemagogis naTqvams, rom eduard Se-vardnaZis Camosvla `erT kviraSi qa-laqs (Tbiliss) daetyoboda, erT Tve-Si _ qveyanas (saqarTvelos). roca ed-uard SevardnaZis gamocdilebisa dasxva ̀ Rirsebebis~ Sesaxeb saubrobdnen,amiT zviad gamsaxurdias gamoucdelo-bas usvamdnen xazs. muzeumis eqspo-natebs Soris arsebul dapirispirebisalegoriuli ganfena goderZi Cox-elTan ase grZeldeba:

`_ dRes Cvens muzeums Wkviani xe-lmZRvaneli sWirdeba. amas Tqven yve-lani grZnobT da kandidaturebsacRirseuls asaxelebT, magram erTi ramgaviwydebaT: arwivsac, qorsac, daT-vsac, sieSmake akliaT; xelmZRvanels kieSmakoba iseve esaWiroeba, rogorc si-brZne. Cveni xelmZRvaneli moqnili damoxerxebuli unda iyos, rogorc Sin-aur saqmeebSi, aseve sagareoSi. iseTipirovneba unda avirCioT, romelmacicis TviToeuli Cvenganis gulSi radevs, TviTeuli mtris gulSi ra devs,unda icodes romeli buCqis Ziras ziskurdReli, Torem kargaxans ver gaver-TiandebiT da sul imis cdaSi viqnebiT,romeli davikavebT fardagze adgils.Cvens xelmZRvanels qveynis marTvisgamocdileba unda hqondes yvelafer-Tan erTad.

_ vin aris egeTi, ha?! _ Caibutbu-ta daTvma.

_ getyviT, rac Tqvenma gulisxmamCamomZaxa, imas amogZaxebT, _ Tqvaqvevrma.

_ amogvZaxe, amogvZaxe! _ wamoiZa-xes aqeT-iqidan.

_ melia! _ amosZaxa qvevrma~.melia rom eduard SevardnaZis sim-

boloa, amaSi eWvi, me mgoni, aravis See-pareba. imxanad eduard SevardnaZe ru-seTSi, moskovSi, imyofeboda. mis Ca-moyvanas bevri momxre gamouCnda, maTSoris iyvnen iseTebic, romlebic wi-naT misi saxelis gagonebasac ki veritandnen. iyvnen mowinaaRmdgenic:

`atyda CoCqoli._ sad aris melia? sad aris melia?

_ iZaxdnen nivTebi da fitulebSi dae-Zebdnen melias.

_ melia aq ar aris, ara! _ ukmay-ofilod burtyunebda daTvi.

_ melia ar iyo ro amogvagdo? _daiZaxa farma.

_ eg adre iyo to, exla sxva droa!_ win wamodga orTiTa.

_ vTxovoT sebas da is moiyvans me-lias _ azri gamoTqva sadgisma.

_ vTxovoT, vTxovoT! _ daeTanxm-nen zogierTebi sadgiss.

_ ara, ara, melia moRalatea, amoag-debs Cvens muzeums! _ yvirodnennivTebi aqeT-iqiT.~

bolos eduard SevardnaZis mowve-vis momxreebma imZlavres. gadawydaruseTidan eduard SevardnaZis Camoy-vana da qveynis bed-iRblis misTvisCabareba. am gadawyvetilebis miRebisSemdeg saWiro iyo praqtikuli nabije-bis gadadgma:

`orTiTa da fiwali Tavze daadgnensebas da sTxoves:

_ Tu ginda muzeumi muzeums daems-gavsos, rusebis bastionis Crdilokedelze ro melias fituli hkidia, isfituli unda moitano, Tu ara da suareuloba iqneba Sen mowyobil muzeum-Si.

SeSinebulma sebam muzeumis karigaaRo da fitulis saZebnelad wavida.mTvaris Suqze didxans iboriala dan-greul bastionSi da rogorc iqna, ip-ova rusebis mier datovebuli meliisfituli. wamoiRo da muzeumSi Seit-ana~.

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sabWoTa kavSiris yofili sagareosaqmeTa ministri eduard SevardnaZeTbilisSi 1992 wlis martSi Camovida.momxreebi mas aeroportSi daxvdnen.eduard SevardnaZis Camosvlas pro-testiT Sexvda sazogadoebis nawili.rTuli viTareba iyo. `gamocdilipolitikosi~ momxreebs miesiyvarula,mowinaaRmdegeTa kritikisaTvis kiyuri ar uTxovebia. Cveni istoriis esepizodi goderZi Coxelma simboluradase gamoxata:

`rkinis fiwali, xis orTiTa, sadgi-si da maTi momxre eqsponatebi karTanSeegebnen meliis fituls, wingauZRvnen da fardagze dauTmes adg-ili, iq, sadac adre Tofi ekida~. ZaliannaTeli alegoriaa: Zveli Tofi brZo-lis, vaJkacuri winaaRmdegobis saxea,misi gamZevebeli, misi adgilis damWerimela ki odiTganve fariseveli, gaiZ-vera adamians gamoxatavda.

_ satanaa! satanaaa! _ yvirodnenTofis momxreebi kuTxeebidan.

meliis fituli auRelveblad ismen-da maT yvirils da guldagul aTva-lierebda muzeums~.

pirvel dReebSi eduard Sevardna-Zis (meliis) mier warmoTqmul sapro-gramo sityvebis Sinaarss goderZi Cox-eli TiTqmis zustad gadmogvcems. essaprogramo sityvebi opoziciis mamx-ilebel SeZaxilebs iwvevda. muzeumSiSesuli melia ase mimarTavs eqspona-tebs:

`megobrebo! me moxaruli var romdidi xnis ganSorebis Semdeg isevTqvens Soris miwevs Tanacxovreba. Cemsadamianobas, Cems sindiss vficav, romcodnasa da Zal-Rones ar daviSureb,raTa Tqveni ndoba gavamarTlo:pirobas gaZlevT, rom erTi eqsponatiar daakldeba am muzeums da erT gojsver moaWamen am fardags CrCilebi.

_ Zirs moRalate!_ Zirs satana! _ daiZaxes zogierT-

ma nivTebma aqeT-iqidan. meliis fit-ulma viTomc ver gaigona, mSvidad ga-nagrZo:

_ is, rac adre iyo, is aRar gameor-deba, megobrebo. warsuli istorias

Cabarda. me mikvirs, amden xans ratomgidevT aq leninis Zegli. vTxovT sebas,gaaTrios aqedan.

_ Sen ar iyavi, ro yovelRam mag Zeg-lis ukan imalebodi, roca Cem patronsqaTmebs hparavdi! _ wamoiZaxa marxil-ma~.

melias mier muzeumSi warmoTqmulierT-erTi sityva Cven Tvalwin pirda-pir acocxlebs eduard SevardnaZisdemagogiur gamosvlebs. opoziciaeduard SevardanaZes komunistur war-suls, saqarTveloSi misi moRvaweobisperiodidan arc Tu saxarbielo epi-zodebs axsenebda. lideri ixtibars aritexda, Tavs imarTlebda da opozi-cias iqiT adanaSaulebda. teqstebi aramxolod ideis mxriv emTxveva erTma-neTs, aramed aSkaraa terminologiurimsgavsebac:

`_ zogierTebi warsuls ver iviwye-ben, megobrebo. warsuls Tavisi an-gariSebi hqonda. me piradad gavasworeCemi angariSebi warsulTan da TqvenSoris Tu vinmea, marxilis garda, kideviseTi, romelsac Cemi warsuliadardebs, me vTxov sakuTar gulSiCaixedos yvelam. maSin dro iyo aseTi.yvelafers Tavisi dro aqvs, megobre-bo. maSin ase iyo saWiro da ase vmo-qmedebdi; axla sxva droa. axlademokratiis droa. Zveli wyena undavapatioT erTmaneTs, Tu gvinda rommuzeumi gverqvas. me pirveli gaZlevTmagaliTs da rom ufro metad dam-ijeroT, Tu gindaT, saxels gamovicv-li, melias magivrad Selias davirqmev.mgelias davirqmevdi, magram es ambaviSeiZleba mgels ewyinos megobrebo, mevfiqrob, isev Selia sjobia, demokra-tias aseTi saxelebi uxdeba. demokra-tia, sxvaTa Soris, salanZRavi sityvaar aris, igi Tqveni monapovaria, yvela-si erTad; Tqven rom xma ar agemaRlebi-naT, axlac Tofebis baTqabuTqi iqne-boda am muzeumSi. damemowmebian Cemimegobrebi: fiwali, sadgisi da sxvanikidev, CemTvis TviTmizani ar aris ammuzeumis prezidentoba~.

melias kidev erTi gamosvla aseveaSkarad gvaxsenebs eduard Sevardna-

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Zis mier saxelmwifo sabWoSi war-moTqmul sityvasa da, rac mTavaria,praqtikul moRvaweobas, `didi demo-kratis~ mier politikuri oponenteb-is devnas, farul da aSkara represiebs:

`me minda Zalaufleba viTxovo,rom muzeumSi wersigi davamyaro. yve-lafris neba unda momceT. Cems TavzeviReb yvelafers.

_ erTi kaci Sens Tavze rogorRaiReb muzeumis beds! _ iyvira farma.

_ ise viReb, rom vTxov sebas da Sen-nair mowinaaRmdegeebs droebiT ai amkidobanSi gamovamwyvdevineb _ sebav,Tu SeiZleba fari kidobanSi CadeTdroebiT _ miubrunda sebas meliisfituli.

sebam fari kidobanSi Cado._ ai, ase megobrebo! _ Tqva meliam

da im dRis mere misi brZanebiT xanromel nivTs Cadebda sebai kidobanSi,xan romels. xmali, xanjlebi, fari,fanduri da `vefxistyaosanic~ ki ki-dobanSi gamoamwyvdia~. mwerliseuliminiSneba aqac cxadia: kidobanSi aR-moCnda erovnuli Rirebulebebis dam-cveli an mqone nivTebi.

eduard SevardnaZem swrafad moax-erxa momxreebis SeZena. sazogadoebisnawilma uari Tqva erovnul idealzeda karieris Seqmnaze daiwyo zrunva.maamebloba cxovrebis normad iqca.uzneoTa Soris xelisuflebis lider-ebi SesaniSnavad grZnobdnen Tavs, ase-Ti damokidebulebiT isini sxvebsacuzneobisaken mouwodebdnen maT, vincjer kidev ikavebda Tavs:

`sxvadasxva kedlebze CamokidebulnivTebSi Tavisi momxreebi gaimravlameliam da ise moawyo saqme, rom jerrkinis fiwali Caadebina sebas kidoban-Si, mere xis orTiTa da amis Semxedvaresadgiss ise SeeSinda, imis SiSiT, meckidobanSi ar Camdono, meliis winaSeTavi gamoiCina da daTvis fitulsSeerWo uknidan.

_ vai! _ daiRriala daTvma._ ra gayvirebs ase xmamaRla!_

hkiTxa meliam. _ rogor Tu ra mayvirebs, ver xe-

davT uadgilo adgilas ro SemerWo

sadgisi. _ vxedav, magram sakiTxavia, ratom

SegerWo?_ imitom SeverWe, rom prezidento-

baze debda Tavs _ niSnismogebiT Tqvasadgisma.

_ ra moxda mere, Cven demokratiu-li muzeumi gvaqvs da yvelas uflebaaqvs kenWi iyaros _ saqcieli dauwunameliam sadgiss.

sadgisi daTvs moSorda, arwivTanaituza.

_ mec ar SemerWo, Toree! _ niskar-ti moiRera arwivma.

_ sadgisi meliis fitulTan migor-da:

_ vizec Tqveni brwyinvaleba mibr-Zanebs, im wuTas uadgilo adgilasSeverWobi~.

eduard SevardnaZes wesad hqondaerTguli xelqveiTebis Seqeba, ufrozustad, uzneo maameblebis winwamow-eva. es xdeboda sajarod, farTo audi-toriis winaSe. patronis SeqebiT gaTa-mamebul medroveebs Tavi ise eWiraT,TiTqos angelozebi iyvnen. isini mzadiyvnen misi nebismieri davaleba Sees-rulebinaT. es movlena simboluradase aqvs warmodgenili goderZi Cox-els. melia eubneba sadgiss:

` _ momwons Seni erTguleba, magramSerWobiT saqmes gavafuWebT. me aq TiT-qmis yvelas vicnob, magram zogierTzemainc mWirdeba damatebiTi informa-ciebi. Cemi aq aryofnis dros bevri ramTvalTaxedvidan gamomrCa. amitomdroebiT SerWoba-gamorWobas Tavigaanebe da informaciebi momawode sa-eWvo eqsponatebze. pirvel rigSi imaT-ze, visac prezidentad yofnis surviliar asvenebT. gansakuTrebiT daTvze,arwivze da kidev imaTze, visac es sur-vili xmamaRla ar gamoumJRavnebia~.

eduard SevardnaZis moRvaweobisSefaseba istorikosebis saqmea. god-erZi Coxelma, rogorc mweralma, ro-gorc qarTvelma mamuliSvilma, edu-ard SevardnaZes msjavri jer kidev2003 wlamde taxtze morWmiT mjdomar-es gamoutana. melias naRvawi mweral-ma Tvrameti samuzeumo saqmis mixedviT

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Seafasa. faqtobrivad, esaa Tvrametidamoukidebeli moTxroba melias (ed-uard SevardnaZis) mier muzeumSi (sa-qarTveloSi) Cadenili `sagmiro saq-meebisa~. sagmiro saqmeni ki imaSi gam-oixateboda, rom sadgisis meSveobiTmeliam prezidentobis yvela realuripretendentis saxelis gatexis mizniTmakomprometebeli masala Seagrova.sadgisma aseTi `kompromatebi~ Sea-grova daTvis, arwivis, dambaCis, yanwis,wmida berebis, boZalis da sxvaTa Sesax-eb. mTelma drom mowinaaRmdegeebissaxelis gatexasa da gzidan Camocile-baSi gaiara.melia (eduard SevardnaZe)verc ki mixvda, rom safrTxe mis skamski ara, mTlianad muzeums (saqarTve-los) daemuqra. am safrTxes melia ji-utad ar aRiarebda.

kanonieri xelisuflebis damxobisSemdeg daiwyo erovnuli faseulobaTaugulebelyofa. yovelive es demokra-tiuli, sakacobrio Rirsebebis dacvisdemagogiuri lozungebiT iniRbeboda.es saSiSi tendencia ̀ suleTis kidoban-Si~ ase warmoCnda. erovnuli faseu-lobebis mqone nivTTa Tavidan moSore-ba, erTi SexedviT, umniSvnelo nivTe-biT daiwyo _ fanduri, fari... magrambolos saqme erovnulsiamayemde, gan-Zamde mivida: muzeumis prezidentmameliam sadgisis dasmenas `vefx-istyaosnis~ muzeumSi datovebis Sesa-bamisobis Taobaze aseTi rezoluciadaado:

`me SemiZlia Tqveni Tanxmobis Sem-TxvevaSi vubrZano muzeumis CrCilebsda erT TveSi avTandili da tarieliki ara, qajebic aRar darCebian magwignidan~.

prezidentma meliam daRupa gudama-yris muzeumi (saqarTvelo). cxadia,yovelive amas melia ar aRiarebda daTavs qveynis mxsnelad miiCnevda. sam-uzeumo eqsponatebidan (qarTvelebi-dan) moZulebul melias Tvali ruseTi-saken gaurboda, xsnas CrdiloeTidaneloda. xelisuflebis SenarCunebisgegma Zalze mzakvruli iyo:

`uceb SuRlianT sebam Tvali moh-kra, rom elviT ganaTebul erdoSi

rusi jariskacis aCrdili Semovida,meliasTan mivida da CauCurCula:

_ darekes._ Zalian kargi, _ mouwona meliam. _ es muzeumi did safrTxes uqmnis

Cven saqmes. es Tu ar moispo, Zvel bas-tions verafriT ver avaSenebT.

_ dro da moTminebaa saWiro, droda moTmineba. amaT saCveno saqme Tu isear SevumzadeT, rom TviTonve ar da-Sales muzeumi, ise araferi ar gamova.

_ mainc rogor fiqrobT, ramdenidro dasWirdeba amas?

_ xuTi weli mainc kidev undadavrCe prezidentad, rom yovelgvarisurvili Cavukla, rom muzeumi aaSe-non, Torem amaTi ambavi rom vici, aimerdodan rom vaxtang gorgasalis nag-zevi Cans, im nagzevs mistirian da isaZlevs Zalas~.

xelisuflebis SenarCunebisaTvisbrZolaSi garTul gudamayris muzeu-mis prezidents (saqarTvelos prezi-dents) melias srulebiT daaviwyda issibrZne, romelic SesaniSnavad icodaSuRliaanT sebam: `ise iwyeba, Senaravin gekiTxeba da ise mTavrdeba,arc maSin gekiTxeba vinme raimes~.daaviwyda kidev erTi sibrZne: `sof-lisa Tavsa mjdomare, soflisa bo-los esvenao~. daaviwyda da kvlav agr-Zelebda yovelive imis pirisagan miwisaaRgvas, rac xels uSlida xelisufleb-is SenarCunebaSi. yvela samuzeumo eq-sponati meliam kidobanSi Caketa. ga-Tenda dila. gamoCnda melias namoqme-dari:

`diliT mzis sxivi SemoiWra er-dodan da ucnaurad gaanaTa kidobani,romelsac eWvis TvaliT uyurebda me-lias fituli. yelze samkauliviT eki-da im kidobnis boqlomis gasaRebi.

wmida berebis Zvlebic ki aRizianebsmelias da Tu maT mainc ar anadgurebs,isev mzakvruli mosazrebiT:

`kidobans eWviT uyurebda melia dayelze Sebmul gasaRebs marcxena Ta-TiT aqeT-iqiT aTamaSebda.

_ CrCilebs nu miusev mag berebisZvlebs, mova dro da me TviTon dam-Wirdeba gamosaxvrelad da iseve gam-

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ovxrav, rogorc erT dros qristesmimdevarTa Zvlebs vxravdi da vakna-tunebdi _ gaafrTxila meliam sadgi-si da isev marcxena TaTiT gaaqan-gamo-aqana aqeT-iqiT yelze Camokidebulikidobanis boqlomis gasaRebi~.

da mainc dadga dasasruli. guda-mayris prezident meliis moRvaweobakatastrofiT dasrulda. tragediaimaSi mdgomareobda, rom meliis (Se-vardnaZis) ambiciebs enacvala mTelimuzeumi (saqarTvelo):

`TqeSad modioda wvima. mdinaresnaxevar mindorze meti ukve Caeqcia,Tan waeRo, saxlebis kedlebs arRvev-da, rasac ereoda, Savi talRebiT mii-Trevda da araviTar jebirs aRarerideboda, rogorc Cans, gadaw-yvetili hqonda Tan waeRo mTeli pir-imzis mindori. CaarRvia da Caaqcia Zve-li rusuli bastionis kedeli, miuxtagudamayris muzeums da moarRviakedlebi~.

yovlisSemZle melia isev sebas sTx-ovs daxmarebas, magram sebas sxva sa-dardebeli aqvs:

`mdinaris talRebSi sacodavad mi-tivtivebdnen cxovelebis fitulebi.kidobani aRelvebul talRebzeqanaobda da qvemoT mihyveboda mdinar-is dinebas. kidobanze Semoskupebu-liyo meliis fituli da ise cdilob-da adevebuli mdinaridan Tavis daRw-evas.

sebam mdinaris talRebSi moliv-live saqarTvelos fardags mohkraTvali da mis gadasarCenad Sevarda wy-alSi.

_ magas Tavi anebe da me gadamar-Cine! _ moesma kidobanze atortmaneb-ul melias ganwiruli xma.

_ Sen adrev wasaRebi iyavi! _ miaZ-axa sebam~.

dasrulda meliis samarcxvino mmar-Tveloba, Tumca igi ixtibars ar itex-da da revanSisaTvis emzadeboda:

_ mainc davbrundebi, naxe Tu ar

davbrunde! _ niSnismogebiT gamosZa-xa meliam da swored am dros amoatri-ala kidobani aboboqrebulma mdinar-is talRam. melia Sav talRebSi CainTqa,magram sebas moeCvena, rom romeliRactalRidan Tavi amoyo da daiZaxa:

_ mainc davbrundebi da vai TqvendRes mere! ara, es sebas moeCvena, meliaaRar Canda kupriviT Sav mdinareSi~.

ase iwinaswarmetyvela goderZi Cox-elma 2003 wlamde didi xniT adre edu-ard SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis dasas-ruli.

mxolod seba da misi Svili gadaurC-nen did qartexils da gadaarCines xal-iCa, muzeumis (saqarTvelos) simbolo;

`gadaiquxa, gadaiquxa da cota xan-Si mzemac amoanaTa.

mzis sxivebSi aelvarda pirimzis ek-lesia, romlis Tavzec cisartyelagamoisaxa, romelic mTlian rkaladwvdeboda gudamayris viwro xeobas,Sua rkali cis mokrialebul gumbaTzehqonda mibjenili, Svidferi svetiserTi bolo aRmosavleTis mTaze hqon-da dabjenili, meoreTi dasavleTismTas eyrdnoboda da pirimzis eklesi-is ezoSi dafenili wvimiT garecxilixaliCa, romelzec saqarTvelo iyoamoqarguli, cisartyelidan Camomd-gari SuqiT, ucnaurad gabrwyinebu-liyo~. cisartyelis bednieri saq-arTvelos simbolod warmosaxva trad-iciuli saxea literaturaSi. mas jerkidev ̀ Tergdaleulebi~ iyenebdnen aq-tiurad.

aseT saqarTveloze ocnebiT galiagoderZi Coxelma wuTisofeli da amqveynad samSobloze mlocvel didqarTvelTa Soris daimkvidra adgili.Tavisi madlisa da naRvawis bolomdeverSemcnobi goderZi Coxelis sulialbaT krZalviTa da SiSiT eloda uze-naesis msjavrs. im wuTebSi mas, vin icis,Caesma kidec did winaparTa aRtacebu-li SeZaxili: `marTali goderZi movi-da!~

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dRiuris furclebi

mixeil lolaZe

Cveni ambavi aseamaSin:40-ianebi: omi, ubedureba, gadasax-

adebi, SimSili.50-ianebi: sixaruli, nugeSi, cxovre-

bis uzomo siyvaruli, /omis Semdeg/gulubryviloba, agresiuli aTeizmi,imedgacrueba/1956/, dabneuloba.

60-ianebi: romantizmi, siyvaruli,jazi, biTlzebi, patar-patara WuWru-tanebi sazRvargareT.

70-ianebi: 60-ianebis patara gagr-Zeleba, magram cota xniT. stagnacia,viTom demokratia /1978/. disidento-ba.

Semdeg:80-ianebi: romantizmis saboloo

dasarsuli /lenoni mokles 1980w./,momxmareblad gadaqceva (Wama-sma, mog-zauroba, manqanebi, agarakebi da amdag-vari rame-rumeebi)

dasasruli: 09.04.89

90-ianebi: damoukidebloba (da araTavisufleba), afxazeTi, samaCablo,omi, ubedureba, qaosi, xocva-Jletaterori, samoqalaqo dapirispireba.sazogadoebaSi undoblobis, cinizmis,sisastikisa da ulmoblobis gamefebaZiriTadi faseulobebisadmi, narkoma-

nia, erTmaneTis `gadagdeba~, sityvisfasis dakargva.

2000-ianebi: yvelaferi isev areuli,wagebuli omi, Seuracxyofili Tavmoy-vareoba, momavlis SiSi.

exla? varT udabnoSi oRond mosesgareSe...

18.11.2008

*xuTi wuTis win Tavbru damexva...vifiqre, ra advilia-meTqi... exla

gadacemas vuyureb quinsi jonsze, ram-deni uwvalia mag ubedurs.

gareT kokispiruli wvimaa...Tavisuflebis moedanze baikeria

Tu raRac jandaba, triukis gakeTebisdros simaRlidan Camovarda da mgonidaSavda. wamyvani xafi xmiT gahyvirismis saxels...

weRan murakamis vkiTxulobdi _`norvegiul tyes~. ubralod, gasage-bad wers. viTom araferi xdeba, midi-modi, am dros ki yvelaferi xdeba, ma-gari ambebia _ saWirboroto, siyvaru-li, yofna-aryofna.

win qaRaldi midevs: saferavi _ 500,Tavrizuli _ 300, rqawiTeli _ 700.Rvinoa dasawuri, ufro sworad yurZe-ni. rTveli iqneba mokled _ qeifi,

Canawerebi

mixeil lolaZe specialobiT germanis-tia. cxovrebis oromtrialma igi biznes-meni gaxada. dRes is warmatebuli adami-ani gaxlavT _ Wkviani, dafiqrebuli, wig-nis moyvaruli da kargi mkiTxveli. arisalbert Sveiceris mSvidobis medliskavaleri. misi Canawerebi cxovrebaze da-kvirvebuli niWieri adamianis nafiqria,Tumca, amas TviTon mkiTxvelic kargadmixvdeba.

75

76

76

simRerebi, leqsebi da rame-rume.Tavbru rom damexva, mixos wavuZaxe

_ wamali-meTqi. am dros modis da ma-grad mexuteba... im wuTSi gamiara yve-laferma.

*yvela drois did frangTa Soris V

da VII adgilebi Sesabamisad koluSs daburvils ukaviaT _komediantebs. VIIadgilze molieria. napoleons mxo-lod XVI adgili ergo. mas mosdevs luide fiunesi.

es eris janmrTelobis nimuSia. ai,saidan aris maTi cxovrebis da azro-vnebis simsubuqe (kargi gagebiT).

13.05.10

*adamianis sulis ganviTareba

SeuZlebelia axali ganviTarebisgareSe. ubralod man sxvanairad undaSexedos samyaros.

aris internetSi erTi programa Goo-gle Earth. jer dedamiwis burTi gamoCn-deba, mere Tu ginda sakuTar qveyanas,qalaqs, ubans da saxlis saxuravs dain-axav...

am programis, an kidev Zabris viwroyelis darad, Cemi cxovrebis arealiimdenad Seviwrovda, rom Cems sawermagidaze eteva...

gansxvaveba imaSia, rom programasisev gaSli mausis erTi daWeriT, cx-ovrebas ki veRar, frTebi aRar gaqvs,SeiZleba aRarc survili.

23.06.10

*zogierTi Tanamedrove qarTveli

tipi: jejgvi agebulebis, movliliRipiT, Tavgadaparsuli da gauparsavi(da ara wvermoSvebuli) miaxloebisasuSvebs surnels. arafris ar rcxveniada ar erideba, uxeSi da ulmobelia.

10.11.10

*oTar WilaZis ar iyos, aravin Tq-

vas, rom STamomavlobisaTvis ar wers,

Tu ramis dawera moaxerxa. me ver movax-erxe. jer dakvra mindoda, Semdeg wera.verc erTi ver movaxerxe. samagierod,Cemi Svilebi ukravdnen da arcTu cu-dad. vnaxoT SviliSvilebi ras moiq-medeben?! orive niWieria, erTi xatavskidec, magram es jer arafers niSnavs,Tu ar imuSaves da Tavi ar miakles,araferi gamova. Tan cota janmrTeliambiciac unda gqondes, survili ga-keTebisa, kargad gakeTebisa da es ga-keTebuli rom dainaxon da daafasonkidec.

Cven yvela warmodgenebs vdgamT xan-daxan, ufro xSirad ki statistebisrolSi varT, gveSinia cxovrebis, cv-lilebebis, adgilis gamocvlis, adami-anebTan ganSorebis. Seni myudro Wao-bi girCevnia yvelafers. umravlesobas`muTaquri~ cxovreba awyobs. yvelagadamwyvet momentSi qarTvelebis um-ravlesobas an sizarmace moeZaleba, angamotvinebuloba, an raRac jandaba dadozana, araferi bolomde ar miyavT.araviTar gamocdilebas ar iziareben,sakuTar Secdomebzec ki arafers swav-loben, sxvisas rom Tavi davaneboT.rusebma rac moimoqmedes 1992 welsmoldaveTSi, zustad im scenariT ̀ mog-vaRores~ 1993 wels afxazeTSi. 2008welze laparakic ki zedmetia.

saidan daviwye da sad movedi. albaT`siuJetis agebis~ araferi gamegeba,magram Cemi ̀ siuJeti~ iyo da rCeba Cemiqveyana..

SPERAVS INVESTIS /WirSic imediT iyav/ 12.11.10

XIX saukunis dasasruli, XXsaukunis dasawyisi.

impresionistebi

mane, mone, renuari, dega, sezani...erTad yofnis bedniereba, ufuloba,araRiarebuloba, gasaWiri, omi... damainc ra silamaze, rogori siRrmeebi,ferebi. bolomde ixarjebodnen, vercki warmoedginaT sxva ramis keTeba,miusafarni ki iyvnen...

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mane pirveli iyo da pirveli wavi-da. pirvels xvda wilad aRiareba, ma-gram sikvdilis win. Semdeg, mogvi-anebiT misma `olimpiam~ 1907 wels lu-vrSi daido adgili. maTi ar esmodaT,ver ugebdnen, dascinodnen. emil zo-lam Tavis romanSi `Semoqmedeba~ seza-ni gamoiyvana personaJad da faqti-urad ganacxada, rom misma impresion-izmma kraxi ganicada, romanis gamosv-lis Semdeg uaxloes megobrebs ara-sodes unaxavT erTmaneTi.

sezanma momavalSi gaixeda, didiamisi gavlena pikasosa da matisze. ma-gram TviTon ver moaswro didebiTdatkboba. man safuZveli Cauyara Tan-amedrove mxatvrobis axal filoso-fias.

yvelaze didxans klod monem icocx-la 86 weli. cocxali klasikosi iyo _impresionizmis mama.

P.S. XX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi pariz-Si impresionistebi erT patar, koxtamuzeumSi iyvnen SeyuJulni. axla didixania `d’orsi~-Si gadaitanes eqspozi-cia da raRacnairad gafantulia, dar-bazebSi unda eZebo.

24.11.10

*warmoidgineT, rom zixarT savaWro

centris kafeSi da yavas miirTmevT.ucbaT axalgazrda qali dgeba da iw-yebs hendelis ̀ aliluias~. sanam gaerk-veodeT, raSia saqme, mas biWi ayveba.rogorc irkveva, kafeSi arian gafan-tulni sxvadasxva magidasTan. es yve-laferi sruldeba imiT, rom yvela dam-swre fexze mdgomi asrulebs simR-eras... es am dReebSi germaniaSi moxdaSobis dResaswaulze daiwyo...

saerTod hendelis `aliluia~cocxali, energiuli, imedis momcemida sicocxlis surviliT savse nawar-moebia, Cveni galobani, ra Tqma unda,ufro nazi, sevdiani da harmoniulia.orive Zalian kargia, verafers ityvi..

15.12.10

*jazis mamamTavrebi erTis garda

mesayvireebi iyvnen (maT Soris korne-tistebic) badi boldeni, sidni biSe,fred kapardi, nik la roka, jo oliv-eri, lui armstrongi... erTi ki pianis-ti iyo _ jeli rol mortoni. Semdegwamovida diuk elingtoni, romelicSemdgomSi sayovelTaod cnobili gax-da lui armstrongTan erTad.

16.12.2010

*iSovnidi (iyiddi an iTxovdi

droebiT) firfitas. erTi suli gqon-da saxlSi misuliyavi, `frTxiladamogeRo da CagerTo ̀ praigrivateli~,sasoebiT dagedo da wavidaa... magari`kaifi~ iyo. garda kargi musikis mos-menisa, ra dasamalia, iyo grZnobagamorCeulobisa kargi raRacis mflo-belobisa. laparaki? Camoagdebdi sa-ubarSi (ra Tqma unda, SensaviT Sere-kilTan) rom gaqvs, an Txovdi erTidRiT da unda genaxa reaqcia...

exla? CarTe kompiuteri, daklikeyoutube-i da uyure, usmine visac ginda.gemo aRar aqvs, ̀ gapustiakebulia~ yve-laferi. rac mTavaria, xarisxic dakar-gulia, firfitas sul sxva `saundi~hqonda. ra vici, iqneb asec ar aris,drois bralia yvelaferi.

P.S. mogvianebiT gavige, rom Cemsazrs barenboimi `adasturebs~.

Tamaz Cxenkeli _anbanTmCxrekeli

vaxuSti

erTi ukanasknelTagani, visac Tbi-lisis surneli ecxo, vinc TbiliselibiWebis siamayes sicocxlis bolomdeTan atarebda. sul SemarTuli, suliTspetaki, Rarib-Rataki, mainc amayi.

80 rom Seusrulda, dilidan tele-fons ar pasuxobda, saxlSi mivakiTxeT,gaexarda Zalian, lobioze, mWadsa dawiTel Rvinoze dagvpatiJa. Cven gareT

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gavityueT da kargad movilxineT.miukareba iyo, magram siamovnebda,

siyvaruliT rom moexveodi...Zalian gaixara, wigni rom gamove-

ciT.kargi vinme iyo, RmerTma gaanaTlos.

18.12.201040 dRe gardacvalebidan.

P.S. Tamazis leqsi:

rac xani gadis, miT ufro ZviradvxvdebiT erTmaneTs, miT ufro xSiradgvereva sevda, rac xani gadismiT ufro meti iSleba sufrada Cven veweviT mosawyen nadims:Wkvianurs vroSavT an vsxedvarT ubrad...rac xani gadis, miT ufro, ufro!

eqspromti

Cemi biWi rom 18 wlis, e.i. srul-wlovani gaxdeba, me (Tu gavZeli iqam-de) 80 wlis viqnebi da albaT veRar Sev-Zleb:

_ megzuroba gavuwio da movataroxevsureTi, TuSeTi da svaneTi, vanaxoatenis sioni da wuRruRaSeni;

_ vicurao masTan erTad aRelve-bul zRvaSi;

_ veTamaSo fexburTi;_ Zala gavusinjo;_ viqeifo masTan erTad da smaSi

gavyve;_ Rame vaTio eklesiaSi;_ wavide masTan erTad da moviaro

egviptis piramidebi da afrikis savan-na, iaponia da indoeTi, ierusalimi daromi, parizis, londonis, madridis,florenciis da niu-iorkis muzeumebi;

_ vibodialo manhetenis jaz-klubebsa da amsterdamis quCebSi;

ra dasanania es yvelaferi. 20.04.2011.

filimon qoriZe da estate(eqvTime) kereseliZe

pirvelma Cawera, meorem ki daicva da

gadaarCina 5090 qarTuli sagalobeli.mamuliSviloba marto iaraRiT xel-

Si brZola ar aris. am kacebma saqmesyvelaferi anacvales, piradi cxovre-ba, kariera, janmrTeloba. vin icis amisSesaxeb? TiTqmis aravin. axalgazrdo-ba saerTod Sors aris da gulgriliaamgvari saqmeebisadmi. arada, kidev romgaxdes gadasarCeni raime faseuli ansamamuliSvilo saqme gasakeTebeli, vinunda gaakeTos? albaT gamoCndebianRvTis wyalobiT.

25.04.11.

*fexburTi da xelburTi,kalaTburTi da CogburTi,frenburTi da wyalburTida bolos cxenburTi.ra iolad, Zaldautaneblad da um-

tkivneulod Semovida es terminebiqarTul enaSi. isini xom XIX saukuneSisaerTod ar arsebobdnen. rusulscota gauWirda. aba naxeT: Футбол,гандбол (ручной мяч), баскетбол, тенис,волейбол, водное поло.

05.06.11.

*4 agvistos vaxuSti kotetiSvilis

dabadebis dRe iyo. im dRes kidev erT-xel mivxvdi, rom saocari deficitiSeiqmna endemuri pirovnebebis. iq di-dubeSi gverdigverd wvanan vaxuSti,biZina, zauri, CubCika, Tamazi... TiTo-euli maTgani Tavis saqmeSi `profi~iyo, cxovrebaSi ki erTi didi siamovne-ba iyo maTTan erTad yofna, sinaTlemoyavdaT bnel RameSi, fiqrs realo-bad aqcevdnen. gamoxatulebis Zala im-denad didi iyo maTi sulieri simdid-risa, rom win veravin da veraferi da-udgeboda. iwvodnen da daiferflnenkidec... gaanaTlos maTi sulebi ufal-ma.

08.08.11

fostalioni somoi somsai

bangkogSi wyaldidobaa. Zalian gax-Sirda wyaldidobebi am bolo dros

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garkveuli mizezebis gamo. magram meamitom ar vwer... mokled, fostalionierTi kviraa dadis bangkogis wyliT da-farul SukebSi da fostas arigebs. TaniTqva _ saSineli wurbelebi dagvelebia wyalSi, niangebic ar arisgamoricxuli. kaci iZaxis _ Znelia, ma-gram xalxi xom fostas elodebao?

01.11.11.

*`me ar miyvars kilo muxambazisa,kintoT kilo, kilo Suabazrisa;im kiloTi ra imRero poeto.Tu ar Rvino, tolumbaSi da kilo,maT duduki, diplipito da zurna,maT uazro lazRandaroba, yiJina?me ar miyvars suraTebi amgvari.~ vaxtang orbeliani /1812-1/90/

erekle II-is SviliSvili,

Tekla batoniSvilis Svili.

v.orbelianma, xolo Semdeg misimibaZviT gvarovanma (warCinebulma)poetebma Tavi daanebes am stils da igidabal fenaTa asparezad darCa. albaTarafers niSnavs, magram vityvi, rommTlianad veTanxmebi mis azrs da araTuveTanxmebi, aramed mZags yovelgvarikintouri.

13.11.11

zRvasTan mindoda mecxovra...

ar gamomivida... diliT adre, rom ga-moxval iodis da marilis suni romdgas.

wylis zedapirze msubuqi nisliwevs, jer ar akrefila, Rames gagonebs,zRva xom RamesaviT idumalia da Seuc-nobeli, RamesaviT Tavis siRrmis sib-neleSi malavs saidumloebebs... CvenmazRvam yvelaferi icis da yvelaferiaxsovs. axsovs isic da nanobs kidecSeiZleba, Tu rogor STanTqa daviTaRmaSeneblis mier jvarosnebis dasax-mareblad gagzavnili laSqari, anrogor ar dasaja qurdi da garewariiazoni... rogor Seiwira guram rCe-

uliSvili... da kidev ramdeni ram...me mapatia bevrjer Tavxedoba, ar

gamwira. da kidev... kunZuli ar gvaqvs,saocaria ara?

18.12.2011.

*vyidulob wignebs, momaqvs saxlSi

awyvia yvelgan. zogs ver vkiTxulob,zogs ar vkiTxulob, zogi maviwydebawavikiTxo, mawvaleben waukiTxavi wig-nebi, TiTqos vali mqondes maTi

24.12.2011.

Zveli Tbilisi 2012`tfilisSi rame aris ujebiro

`Rrma da RurRuciani~ demna Sengelia

`tfilisi~

feTxaimni SuaRamea. iwyeba upa-trono ZaRlebis ugzoukvlo yefa dawkavwkavi. improvizebuli koncertebi,Sardenis diskoebi, Ramis 12 saaTzezarbaznis xmaze gasrolili maSxalebi.

aqve axlos myudroSi aryiT gamo-bruJuli ̀ kai biWebis~ speqtakli iwye-ba, gawev-gamoweva, utrako muqarebi.viRaca viRacas aSvelebs, viTom aka-vebs, Tan Wkuas arigebs `ra dReSi xarbiWo!~ `biWi~ kidev ar isvenebs, bolosgamSvelebelTan mosdis Cxubi. aq ukveqalebi erevian kiviliT. `Sedi saxlSi,Torem Tavs moviklav~. aravin aravis arklavs, miT umetes, sakuTar Tavs. yve-laferi TiTqmis mSvidobianad mTavr-deba. kidev didxans ismis: ̀ vis uTxari,biWo!~... aq iwyeba mama-Svilis ojaxurigarCeva. binaSi arian, magram zafxuliada yvelaferi rom ismis? ra dro gasu-la? Ramis 3 saaTia. kargi, ara uSavs,TiTqmis dawynarda yvelaferi. ge-gonos. saidan Semoexeteba mayuCmoxs-nili BMW `trioSka~ bolo xmazeCarTuli `musikebiT~. aq patrulicgamoCndeba dilis 4 saaTze. etyoba vi-Racam, fardas amofarebulma mainc`ara qurduli~ saqcieli Caidina dagamoiZaxa. `daiSaleT biWebo~ da gaiv-lis: vis ra daaklo?

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Tendeba. Citebi iwyeben galobas,loTebi xvrinvas. TiTqos lagdeba yve-laferi, magram cotaxniT. 7 saaTidaniwyeba manqanebis daqoqva-ardaqoqva.Tu raime religiuri dResaswaulia,amas emateba eklesiaSi RamenaTevimrevlis nakadi. ismis SeZaxilebi: ̀ dam-icade Se...~da misTanebi. axla amaTi man-qanebi unda gavides Cixidan da yve-laferi Tavidan iwyeba. pirdapir wamo-di, ̀ marjvniv aiRe, ̀ kargia~, ̀ gamatarera Zmao~, ismis omaxiani SeZaxilebi.eWvi Segepareba, rom es brbo cota xniswin eklesiaSi iyo, pirjvars iwerda daxelSi sanTeli eWira...

8 saaTze muSebi modian da iwyebengabzaruli da TiTqmis dangreuli sax-lis gadaxurvas.

yovelive amas zemodan ori eklesiadahyurebs...

P.S. ̀ tfilisSi bevri ucnauri ambavixdeba da Tu Sens sicocxleSi tfilisspirvelad dainaxav, kenWi unda gaday-lapo, imitom rom tfilisi avia, tfil-isma dacda icis~

demna Sengelaia tfilisi feTxaini. dila.

*es gitara Cemi iyo... `iyo~ imitom,

rom exla gogi doliZisaa. amoCemebu-li hqonda, movidoda, waiRebda dayovelTvis ukan abrunebda, ramden-jerme vuTxari –waiRe da Seni iyos-meTqi. ara, jiutad ukan abrunebda.erTxelac gawyvetili simiT moitana.amas sul gamovucvli simebso, daibarada wavida... aRar movida... 1996 wliszamTari idga...

19.11.2012 gogi doliZis diskis prezentaciis dRe.

*siberes Tavisi suni aqvs.ara oflis an WuWyis, aramed sul

sxva _ gansakuTrebuli. ufro SeiZle-ba damyayebuli wylis suns SevadaroT.am suniT mTlianad gaJRenTili arian,zed ki emateba cudi suni piridan. mok-

led manqanaSi Tu Cagisxdnen, sjobsgadaxvide da sufTa haerze didxansfexiT iaro...

winaT moxucebi momwondnen, raRacsxvanairi grZnoba mqonda maTdami,ufro gulisamaCuyebeli albaT. axlaaRar momwons arcerTi. ar minda maTricxvSi Cavewero, maTnairi gavxde.suni albaT ar amiva imedia, magram Si-naganad xom SeiZleba ayrolde, autane-li gaxde, Tavneba da egoisti, sakuTarisxeuli rom ufro giyvars, vidre ad-amianTa mTeli modgma erTad aRebu-li...

es rom ar moxdes, brZola momiwevs,magari brZola. sainteresoa, ra gamo-va. marTalia am brZolidan gamarjve-buli jer aravin gamosula, magramdamxmare da gulSematkivari myavs, am-itom didi Sansi maqvs, pirveli raun-di movigo. magram rom ar vici ramdeniraundia? arc aravin icis. Tan xelisSemSlelebic arian. `davberdiT~, `amsibereSi~, ̀ es sibere ra yofila~ – fra-zebi, romlebiTac erTobian da siam-ovnebiT wvebian siberis myral WaobSi(binZuria sibereo _ mamaCemi ityoda).

aTasi `sibrZne~ da gamonaTqvamivici sibereze, magram arcerTs ar ga-moviyeneb da citirebas ar movaxden

ubralod vambob `ara~da basta! 29.11.12.

*quCaSi oTxi ZaRli idga da raRa-

caze msjelobda. manqaniT viyavi, sig-nali miveci, rom gaweuliyvnen. etyo-ba ar elodnen, gaiwies, magram yefiTgamoedevnen manqanas. es ar iyo sofle-li ZaRlis Steruli gamodevneba. mi-zanswrafulad momdevdnen karga xans,erTmaneTs enacvlebodnen, ostatu-rad uvlidnen gverds manqanebs, xan windamixvdebodnen, xan gverdidan miR-rendnen, rom gadavsuliyavi albaT, da-mglejdnen. devna daiwyo mosaSvilze,gagrZelda faliaSvilze da damTavr-da kavsaZeze.

15.12.12.

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burTi, ZaRli, Tofi `gaufasurda, Cabarda warsuls.

riTac dros vklavdi da

Tavs virTobdi~

oTar WilaZe

isev davemSvidobe, arc ki gamigia.dros Tavisi moaqvs (Tu miaqvs?) gvele-SapiviT aris, sul axal msxverpls iTx-ovs, ganurCevlad STanTqavs yvela-fers, rac SenTvis erT dros Zvirfasiiyo, razec fiqrobdi, riTac erTobo-di, razec kamaTobdi. aRar akeTeb damorCa. ratom? an aRar minda, an aRarSemiZlia, an TviTon am saqmes aRar vun-divar, ar vaintereseb...

ase, akrifav cxovrebaSi, rogorcaxla ityvian, garkveul ̀ unar-Cvevebs~,mova dro da araferSi gargia. aba, visainteresebs axla, me rom ̀ Cerez sebia~e.i. makratelaTi burTebi gamqonda, an100 metrs rom 11.5-Si davrbodi?burTs maSin SeveSvi `kraize~ rom gav-igde 11.5-is ̀ rasCiotiT~ da veRar dav-ewie...

Tofs da nadirobas daTos Semdegdavanebe Tavi, raRacnairad sruliaddavkarge interesi. bolo ZaRlic da-Tosi iyo koker-spanieli. monadirearasdros myolia, sul elitaruligermanuli nagazebi myavda, erTimeo-reze ukeTesi.

Tofi ki ara, iaraRi aRar maintere-sebs aranairi, razedac mTeli cxovre-ba Wkuas vkargavdi...

21.03.2013.

*dro da dro dros vklavT,dro mova, dro mogvklavs. 01.04.13.

is dro movida,rodesac dro ukve wasuli...

sadRac sufraze Tamadam Tqva: ̀ aTi-Tormeti kaci SevikribeT da erTma-neTs ̀ veferebodiT~. Cveulebrivi naT-qvamia sufras da qeifs niSnavs saqar-

TveloSi. ratomRac mominda am frazisrusulad gadaTargmna da ai ra gamov-ida: 10-12 мужиков собрались и ласкалидруг-друга.

23.05.14.

sizmridanSemorCenil-gadmosuli

win 7-iani rom dagewereba, pataraoTaxSi xvdebi, romelsac kari da fan-jara ar aqvs. droTa ganmavlobaSi,roca SeeCvevi am yofas, kari gaCndeba,ai aseTi _ 8, Zalian patara, TiTqmisSeumCneveli. dadgeba Jami (Tan Zalianmale), rom am karebSi gasvlas moin-domeb, ufro sworad, oTxze damdgarigaZromas. gagiWirdeba, Zala aRar ger-Cis, goni ar gemorCileba. Tan SeiZle-ba 8 yulfad geqces da mogaSTos. Tugaxvedi, aRmoaCen, rom rviani ki ara -Si gaZveri, e.i. usasrulobas eziare daSenTvis ukve bevri ram miwieri dakar-gavs mniSvnelobas imqveyniuris molo-dinSi. Tu 88-s miaRwie, yvelaferigaormagdeba, maT Soris sklerozic dasaerTod araferi Segawuxebs.

11.07.2014.

mSvidobiT vaxuSti

wels, zafxulis erT mSvid saRamos,saxlSi vestumre, viski mivutane. mos-va da Taviseburi, eSmakuri RimiliTCaiqirqila: `biWo, rom ar SeiZleba?~cota ki-meTqi, vuTxari: damijera vi-Tom. ase surda da imitom.

bevri visaubreT, am saubarSi vaxuS-ti iyo iseTi lamazi, rogorc aras-dros. amas rom vambob, mis Sinaganbunebas vgulisxmob, gamoxatvis ubra-loebas, fizikur mousvenrobas, mud-mivi Ziebis niWs da survils, brZeni ka-cis daxvewil iumors, rac mTavaria, si-cocxlis dauSretel ndomas da amiTgamowveul sixaruls...

wavida suleTSi dedamisis gardac-valebis dRes. erTi dRiT gaaswro omissaSinelebas. dagvtova oblad, uTama-

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dod, ukafiod da kidev ramdens aRmo-vaCenT uimisod.

Zneli iqneba albaT...mSvidobiT vaxuSti 13.08.2008. gazeTi `24, saaTi~ gadmoviwere 04.08.14.

*evropis aeroportebSi da did

savaWro centrebSi, xmac rom ar amo-iRo, TanamSromlebi Zalian xSiradrusulad gelaparakebian. TiTqos ru-sis araferi gigavs, arauSavs gacvia,magram mainc. raSia saqme?

nuTu aseTi daRi dagvasva `didma~sabWoTa kavSirma. arc umagisobaa, ma-gram saqme mainc sxvagvaradaa. zed-metad vfaci-vfucobT albaT. im dro-Si xom yvelaferi daswrebaze iyo, uri-god gasvla an idayvebis daxmarebiTTviTmfrinavSi asvla. Cemi TvaliTmaqvs nanaxi, trapTan rigSi mdgom orbileTian mgzavrs rogor ar uSvebdnenTviTfrinavSi, adgili aRar ariso, al-baT maT xarjze ori ubileTo mgzavriaiyvanes. mokled yvelaferi unda dag-eswro, mogeswro. es gvizis axlac, vC-qarobT vfacifucobT, win vetenebiT,ver vpoulobT, adgils vkiTxulobTinglisurad, germanulad _ gvpasux-oben (xSir SemTxvevaSi) rusulad. rasizam?!

30.08.14. TviTmfrinavi barsa-stambuli.

eqspromti

1947 wlis zafxuli, sofeli bevre-Ti. me xuTi wlis var, mamas velodebi,erTi kviraa ar minaxavs. karga xani aqvarT, mama mxolod SabaTobiT amodisxolme. bevreTi arc ise Sors arisTbilisidan, magram gza ar aris, ufrosworad, ar varga. pirvelad vilisiTrom amovediT, bevr aqaur moxucebulsmanqana cxovrebaSi ar enaxa.

xoda mamas velodebi. SabaTi dilaa,gasuli var soflidan. iq sadac tye iw-yeba did daqanebaze, vzivar da dablaviyurebi. dabla ki Sors damreci tyi-

ani ferdobis Semdeg didi veli iwyeba.male im velis bolos gamoCnda cxenzeamxedrebuli mama. Tvals ar vacileb,is ki axlovdeba, bolos Cems qveviTtyeSi Sedis da droebiT uCinardeba.saaTze meti sWirdeba, rom aRmarTiamoaTavos. me ki velodebi mouTmen-lad da vcmukav siamovnebisagan.

bolos gamoCnda, cxendacxen amita-ca, Camkocna da win Semomisva. axla kiiwyeba, rac iwyeba _ sofelSi WenebiTSevdivarT. ki ar SevdivarT, mivqriT,ase mgonia, mTeli sofeli ki ara, mTe-li samyaro Cven gviyurebs, kaleidosk-opiviT icvleba suraTebi: saxlebi, er-doze Camomjdari moxucebi, pirdaRe-buli bavSvebi, xilis baRebi, sofliswyaro da dedakacebi. da bolos deda-Cemis gaxarebuli Tvalebi.

saocrebaa es yvelaferi, Seni bavS-voba

19.11.2014.

tradiciaze daaramarto tradiciaze

XIX saukunis Tbilisi. 1846 weli.erTmaneTis miyolebiT ixsneba res-tornebi: ̀ odeskaia~ (aleqsandres moe-dani) felietis (nikolozis, dRevande-li iv.javaxiSvilis moedani), Semdegmerkle adamsis restorani da xarinisrusuli traqtiri (1851 weli. Tavisu-flebis moedani) ganis restorani ga-laktionis quCaze, ̀ eldorado~ orTa-Walis baRebSi.

sastumroebs restornebi ar hqon-daT, magaliTad sastumro orientispirveli sarTuli jer savaWro obieq-tebs eWiraT. maTi adgili restoranmamogvianebiT daikava.

axal ubnebSi restornebi sacxovre-beli saxlebis sardafebSi iyo gan-Tavsebuli –`simpatia~, `sicocxle~,`gemo~ da a.S. mogvianebiT ki XIX-XXsaukuneebis mijnaze vinme gorgijan-iZem iyida muSTaidis baRi da gaxsnarestorani `varieteTi~. manamdeTbilisi duqnebis da samikitnoebisqalaqi iyo, Tavisi yaraCoRelebiTa dakintoebiT.

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gasabWoebis Semdeg yvelaferi esgaqra. Tumca alag-alag SemorCa an axa-li gaixsna _ `gemo~ da `dariali~rusTavelze, `salxino~ plexanovze,`budapeSti~ vakis parkSi, ipodromisrestorani, `samaia~ daviTaSvilze daa.S. moqeife xalxi ufro Sindiss, beT-aniasa da Tbilisis zRvas etaneboda, anorTaWalaSi ̀ galuboiSi~ qeifobda di-lamde.

Tbiliselebs gansakuTrebiT uyvar-daT restorani funikuliorze, sadacgabiskiria gamodioda Tavisi jaz-orkestriT, rac didi iSviaToba iyo.Zalian kargi iyo restorani sastumro`inturistis~ baRSi. saerTod `intur-istis~ sastumroebis restornebi ̀ Tbi-lisi~ `iveria~ `aWara~ didi popular-obiT sargeblobdnen. sastumro `Tbi-lisis~ restorani cnobili iyo, ro-gorc Tbilisis `koloritebis~ Tav-Seyris adgili. 80-ian wlebSi gaixsna dametad popularuli iyo restorani`muxranTubani~...

SeiZleba rame gamomrCa, magram es araris mTavari. modiT vcadoT, aviRoTfanqari da xazi gavusvaT im restor-nebs, romlebic dRes kidev arsebobs.erTi an ori Tu SegrCeba xelSi, Tavirom davaneboT XIX saukunis re-stornebs, danarCenebis umravlesobacaRar arsebobs. gasagebia, rom komunis-tur xanaSi muSaTa sasadiloebi ufrosWirdebodaT. Sedegad miviReT is, raciyo saukunis win _ duqnebis da sasa-diloebis qalaqi _puris Wama RvinissardafSi `boCkis~ Tavze da aseTirameebi. ara, amasac Tavisi eSxi hqonda,magram qalaqs, sadac 1854 wels operagaixsna, es ar ekadreboda. iyo kidevpuSkinis quCaze e.w. `avtomaturi sasa-dilo~ _ Caagdebdi Jetons gadmo-gigdebda katlets an sosiss, ludsacCamogisxamda.

evropis qalaqebSi amayoben ZvelirestronebiTa da sastumroebiT. am re-stornebSi gamoCenili adamianebis su-raTebi da avtografebia gamofenili,adamianebisa, vinc ukanasknel 2-3 sa-ukunis ganmavlobaSi stumrobdnen am

restornebs.aq, rogorc wesi, kargi atmosferoa,

daxvewili, tradiciuli samzareuloda kargad gawvrTnili, Tavaziani per-sonali. mepatroneebs eamayebaT Tusastumro an restorani babuisaganaqvT naanderZevi. Cven ki ra vqeniT?100-wliani sastumro `orienti~ (`in-turisti~) jer gavauqmeT, Semdeg da-vangrieT. Zveli restornebi gavanad-gureT. samagierod gvaqvs ̀ TaRlaura~,xinklis saxlebi da sasaxleebi. `Se-moixede genacvale~ da amgvari `gasa-ZRobi~ dawesebulebebi.

unda iTqvas, rom am bolo dros bev-ri kargi restorani gaixsna, magram yve-laferi es axalia, droSi gamoucdeli,rac ar unda kargi samzareulo da mom-saxureoba hqondes. Tumca umdidresiqarTuli samzareulos 120 kerZidan20-30-s Tu SesTavazeben momxmarebels.

imedia, es restornebi mainc darCe-ba da mova dro, roca dRevandelimflobelis SviliSvili siamayiT ity-vis `ai, es Cemi didi babuis danatova-ria~.

26.12.14

*keni garetis koncerti rom daiwyo,

iseTi grZnoba mqonda, TiTqos saxl-idan sadRac wasuli ukan davbrundi.Cemi iyo musika, atmosfero, rac jazsyovelTvis Tan axlavs. mere erTi kom-pozicia iyo vokaliT, afrikuli hange-biT. aman sul sadRac wagviyvana rit-misa da kidev raRac gaurkvevlis sam-yaroSi.

Semdeg amas mohyva inteleqtua-luri, klasikurad agebuli da kvinte-tis mier kargad Sesrulebuli kompo-zicia. TiTqos oriod wuTis win jun-glebSi patara mdeloze ar visxediTferxTmorTxmuli da tamtamebs dagongis ar vusmendiT.

saocaria es yvelaferi. umagresi daubednieresi kacia keni gareti, es romSeuZlia.

15.02.15

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*yvelanairi siZvele pativiscemas

iwvevs, aRtacebas da siyvarulsac ki.Zveli istoria, qalaqebi, Zeglebi, tra-dicia, simRera, nivTi xelovnebis nimu-Si, damwerloba da uamravi ram fa-seulia adamianebisaTvis.

09.05.2015

*sevastopoli meore msoflio omis

dros 250 dReSi daeca (marti 1942weli). evakuacia cudad iyo organize-buli. mxolod 3000 kaci gamoiyvanesgemebiT, wyalqveSa naviT da ramdenimeTviTmfrinaviT. 80000 kaci CarCa sev-astopolSi, sikvdilisTvis an tyveo-bisTvis ganwiruli.

im 3000 aTas kacSi erT-erT TviTm-frinavSi mamaCemi iyo – biWiko lolaZe!isic imitom, rom kantuzia hqonda daugonod iyo. misi aerodromze momtanigivi qarTveliSvili iyo, TviTmfrinav-Si ar auSves, daWrili ar xaro da ugzo-ukvlod daikarga.

09.05.2015

eqspromti28 ivniss (2015w.) liza baTiaSvilis

(SesaniSnavi!) koncertis Semdeg nafiqrali:

rom getyvian, kargad gamoiyurebio,Seifere, madloba uTxari, magram ardaijero Tu 70-s gadacilebuli xar,imitom, rom ubralod guls gikeTeben.ai, rom giTxran, asakTan SedarebiTo,kidev ho, cota SeiZleba simarTleshgavdes.

roca kargad gamoiyurebodi da sa-erTodac kargad iyavi, ratom aravinarafers geubneboda? imitom rom 80%Surda Seni, xolo danarCen 20% sulcal fexze ekida, rogor gamoiyurebo-di.

gasagebia, rom miRebulia, xandaz-mul adamians asiamovno da uTxra: ui,babu, ra kargad gamoiyurebio. amaSi

cudi araferia, magram Sen ar undaWamo, imitom, rom Senze kargad aravinicis, rogor gamoiyurebi. Tu ar ici,dilaobiT sarkeSi Caixede, an `selfi~gadaiRe da mixvdebi.

28.05.2015

*Znelia ise wero, rom raime azri ar

ascinclo vinmes. imitom, rom racsaTqmeli iyo, ukve iTqva, rac dasaweriiyo ukve daiwera. dRes ki gaaCnia, vinwers, sad, ratom da ra konteqstSi.

Мысль изреченная есть ложь. Ф. Тютчев 30.07.15.

`snobis~londonuri Canawerebi

_ londonSi 7,5 milioni adamianicxovrobs da 2 milioni avtomanqanamoZraobs. miuxedavad amisa, haerisufTaa da gamWvirvale. `hamo~ gare-moa, xandaxan buruss Tu ar CavTvliT.

_ londonSi uamravi parkia, rom-lebic faqtiurad erT did tyis masivswarmoadgens. aq ciyvebTan erTad uam-ravi melia dacunculebs. Cveni mego-bris saxlSi Seipara da yveli moipara...

_ londoni _ glosteris gzispiramdeloebze asobiT xoxobi vnaxeT sa-balaxod gamosuli...

_ londonSi taqsisti ar gevaWreba,fuls mricxvelis mixedviT iRebs daxurdas bolo centamde gibrunebs,gadmodis, kars giRebs. Tu bargi gaqvs,gadmoaqvs. Tu rames aCuqeb, aTas mad-lobas gadagixdis. erTxel taqsistsgza aeria da sastumroSi cota grZeligziT migviyvana, razec bodiSi moixa-da da 14 funti rom ekuTvnoda, 10 aiRo.

_ londonis metroSi calxelamusikosi ukravda. xalxis rigi idga,fuli rom mieca.

_londonis olimpiur stadionzespecialurad gamoyofili momsaxure

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personali gxvdeba sityvebiT: `Keepsmile~ _ gaiRime!

_ londonis uemblis stadioni (92aTasi mayurebeli) 10 wuTSi daicala.saerTod, am qalaqSi stadionidan romgamodixar, yovelgvari Wyletisa dadavidarabis gareSe 15-20 wuTSi xvde-bi metroSi, jdebi (?!) da wynarad mid-ixar daniSnulebis adgilas. rogor?xalxis nakadebis regulireba xdeba,Sekaveba, jguf-jgufad gaSveba. xalximoZraobs nela, TavSekavebulad. aq xomwarmoudgenelia, vinmes Seexo. sul is-mis `Sorry~, `Thank you~ da amdagvarebi.

_ londonis stadionze jer vnaxereanimaciis aparaturaze SeerTebulimayurebeli, Semdeg kidurebmokve-

Tili, xelovnuri cxvir-piriT (albaTgadanergili hqonda).

_ londonSi Tu vinmes rame hkiTxe,Tu saWiroa, patara manZilze gamogyve-ba, rom gza ukeT agixsnas...

_ londonSi specialuri yuTebiagamoyofili ZaRlis ganavlisaTvis.TbilisSi ise moakukineben ZaRls Senisadarbazos win, bodiSsac ar moixdian.

_ londonis quCaSi samni videqiT,ruka gvqonda gaSlili da raRacas ve-ZebdiT. am dros xandazmulma kacmaTavi Semoyo da raRac ikiTxa. vifiqre,esRa maklda, me TviTon ver gamikvle-via gza-meTqi. kargad rom movusmine,rame xom ar giWirT, SemiZlia agixs-naTo da agvixsna...

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`miyvars

poetebi

zedsarTavebis

gareSe~

davide rondonis biografia uCveulod vrcelia, magram ara asakis gamo _ igisakmaod axalgazrdaa _ ubralod, cxovrobs uaRresad intensiuri da datvirTu-li cxovrebiT, romelic itevs mravalSviliani mamis movaleobas, yvelasaTvis say-vareli leqtoris pasuxismgeblobas, televiziis wamyvanisa da presis mimomxilve-lis sistematur muSaobas, dausrulebel saqmian mogzaurobas italiasa Tu sazR-vargareT da saocrad aqtiur Cabmulobas sazogadoebriv saqmianobaSi. diax, gardaimisa, rom davide rondoni aris Zalian cnobili poeti, ganebivrebuli rogorc kri-tikis, aseve mkiTxvelis mier da mravali prestiJuli premiis mflobeli, gaxlavTprozauli krebulebisa da sabavSvo leqsebis avtori, eseisti, literaturismcodneda kritikosi, dramaturgi, mTargmneli (Targmnili aqvs bodleris, rembos, Sarlpegis, emili dikinsonis leqsebi, aseve fsalmunebi), aris araerTi poeturi an-Tologiis Semdgeneli da mewinasityve. man boloniis universitetSi daaarsa `Tan-amedrove poeziis centri~, romelsac Tavadve xelmZRvanelobs; mihyavs literatur-isa da poeziis saleqcio kursi boloniis, genuis, milanisa da SeerTebuli Stateb-is universitetebSi. aris qalaq ravenas `dante 09~-s saxelobis festivalis direq-tori da samxatvro xelmZRvaneli. mravali wlis win daafuZna da uZRveba liter-aturul Jurnals ̀ klandestino~. gaxlavT mimomxilveli gazeTebisa: ̀ avenire~, ̀ ilsole 24 ore~ da `koriere dela sera.~ 2006 wlidan satelevizio arxze TV2000 mi-hyavs literaturuli gadacema `antivirusi~. dabolos, avtoria mravali poeturikrebulisa, romlebic gamocemulia italiaSi, evropis ZiriTad qveynebsa da SeerTe-bul StatebSi, Targmnilia inglisur, frangul, Svedur, germanul, arabul darusul enebze.

Tumca sakuTar Tavs davide rondoni ukeT axasiaTebs erT-erTi poeturi krebu-lis bolosityvaobaSi: „davibade qalaq forliSi, romaniis SuagulSi, im xalxis wiaR-Si, romelic cnobilia Tavisi gadaWarbebuli grZnobebiTa da utexi xasiaTiT. CemsojaxSi wignis dasawerad aravis auRia xelSi kalami. erTaderTi Cemi „literatori~winapari didedis deda iyo, romelic Turme leqsebs werda, magram saxeli ufro imiTgauTqvams, rom abezari TayvanismcemlisTvis Tavi gauCexavs. Cems papas saxelad ene-asi erqva da ninos eZaxdnen, myavda biZa, saxelad dante, magram mwerlobasTan saer-

axali Targmanebi

interviu davide rondonisTan

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To araferi hqonda, sursaTis maRazia ebara da xelovnebis wvrilman nimuSebsachyidda. albaT amitomac literatura CemTvis mxolod wigni ar yofila, aramedTavad cxovreba. var anarqisti kaTolike qristiani da vfiqrob, rom uflisa daTavisuflebis gareSe cxovreba usasrulod mosabezrebeli iqneboda. inkarnaciamimaCnia yvelaze did sanaxaobad. myavs 4 Svili, ar vici fulis keTeba, samagierod,miyvars saqmis keTeba adamianebTan erTad, miyvars Tavyrilobebi. vambob yovelTvisimas, rasac vfiqrob. am yvelaferma sakmao usiamovnebebs Semyara araerTxel, ma-gram ara mgonia, cxovrebis mizani Tavis daZvrena iyos~.

albaT, ar iqneboda gadaWarbebuli imis Tqma, rom davide rondoni marTlac gam-oirCeva Tavisi Tanamedrove poetebisgan, ar aris „Caketili~ „spilosZvlis koSk-Si~ zogierTi kolegasaviT, yovelTvis qveynis movlenaTa epicentrSia, uyuradRe-bod ar tovebs arcerT saWirboroto sakiTxs, ar erideba polemikas aranair av-toritetTan da piruTvnelad asaxavs italiis dRevandelobas publicisturi weri-lebiT, leqciebiT Tu leqsebiT.

mis poetur portrets rac Seexeba, Tavadve wers erTgan _ „viwvi da vwero~ daes fraza kargad axasiaTebs mis poezias _ marTla mwvels, zogjer mwares, yovelg-var naxevar tons moklebuls da saocari emociuri simZafriT damuxtuls. aseTivemZafria misi poeturi ena, uaRresad Tanamedrove, alag neologizmebSereulic.xolo Tema misi poeziisa, umTavresad, aris adamiani, misi yoveldRiuri satkivariTda sixaruliT, wuxiliT da imediT, Tumca uyuradRebod arc istorias tovebs da,rogorc ukve vTqvi, arc qveyanaSi arsebul yoveldRiur movlenebsa da mwvave prob-lemebs. davide rondonim aqtiuri monawileoba miiRo axlaxans winandalSi gama-rTul poeziis saerTaSoriso festivalSi. es saubaric maSin Caiwera.

_ erT -erT konferenciaze TqvenTqviT, rom poezia literatura araris, maSin ra aris? rogor ganmar-tavdiT mas?

_ poezia, iseve rogorc cxovreba,ar ganimarteba; orive misteriuli mo-ulodnelobiT viTardeba. SeiZlebagamoyo ramdenime arsebiTi elementi.upirvelesi ki Tavgadasavalia, racdasabamidan axlavs adamianTa cxovre-bas da nebismier ganedze, roca vinme anraime SesZravs maT, umciresi an gran-diozuli, aRmoaCenen, rom mis gamo-saTqmelad „Cveulebrivi sityvebi~ arkmara, saWiroa gansxvavebuli gamoT-qmebi, gansxvavebuli ritmi, zedsax-elebi, metaforebi, raTa cecxli Seun-Ton maT da Tqvan is, ramac aaRelva, is,rac maTSi SemoiWra, maTi buneba, maTiarseba Searyia. meore elementi am Ser-yevis Sedegad miRebuli gaocebaa dasityvaTa morevSi CayvinTva, _ adami-ani xom isedac sityvaTa morevSi cx-ovrobs, gindac ar werdes, an saerTod

ar kiTxulobdes wignebs _ mere esyoveli viRacaSi xelovnebad gar-daisaxeba; „technes~-s meSveobiT moxde-ba „Semowmeba~, daixveweba talanti,mowodeba, rac saWiroa imisTvis, raTaerTma xmam sxva bevris cxovrebagamoTqvas. ase unda iyos yvela, metigulisyuriT cxovrebisadmi da ara bev-ri iseTi usagnobisadmi, Cvens yura-dRebas rom adunebs: pirvel yovlisa kiCvenive sizarmace da meSCanuri crur-wmenebi, mere, Zalauflebisadmi swraf-va, Cveni sixarbe, raRacebis moxveWissurvili, rac yvelaze miuRebelia ad-amianSi.

_ dRes, globalizaciis epoqaSi,ra eTikuri da moraluri funqcia ak-isria poezias, marTla SeuZlia ixs-nas sicocxle, rogorc donatela bi-zuti ambobs Tavis wignSi „poezia ix-snis sicocxles~?

_ poezias dasabamidan hqonda da

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dResac aqvs mxolod erTi „funqcia~ _gagvaxsenos, rom cocxlebi varT, viy-enebT cocxal sityvebs, aRsavses cx-ovrebiT. sicocxlis gadarCena ki, Tumaincdamainc, RmerTs SeuZlia, yovelSemTxvevaSi im arsebas, visganac modissicocxle da aramc da aramc kargwigns. xelovneba rom sakmarisi iyossicocxlis gadasarCenad, miqelanje-los Sedevrebis erTxel naxvac sakma-risi iqneboda, samoTxe sakuTar arse-baSi gvetarebina. Cven ki qristianebsmaincdamainc gvWirdeba RmerTi,jvarze gakruli rogorc mona, romel-ic ZaRliviT ymuis... gvWirdeba es dam-dableba, sikvdilsa da araferSi sil-amazis es damangreveli stiqia, raTaWeSmaritad SevicnoT aRdgoma, romel-ic Tavdapirvelad wmindanTa figureb-Si _ silamazis wanamZRvrebSi vixileT,da mere TiToeuli Cvenganis cxovreb-is momentebSi. imis TavdajerebiTTqma, rom xelovneba gadaarCens sic-ocxles, yvela drois elitis mier mog-onili tipiuri gamonaTqvamia, tanjvasrom naklebad iyo SeCveuli da locvas,an Tundac RvTisgmobas. me bodlerisazrs viziareb, rom poezias ara aqvsmoraluri da eTikuri funqcia pirda-piri gagebiT. xelovnebis WeSmaritiqmnileba gaRviZebs, gaxvedrebs, romcocxali xar, rom cxovreba win midis_ da intensiurad Secnobili cxovre-ba ki uamrav zneobriv sakiTxs wamoW-ris. Tumca, Camqrali kaci, romelicSorsaa xelovnebisgan, amas ufro yrudgrZnobs. arasodes gamikerpebia xe-lovneba, ara mgonia, TavisTavSi gada-arCinos vinme an rame, anda ukeTesi gax-ados. nacizmis ierarqebi munqs adi-debdnen, klasikur musikas aRmerTebd-nen; bin ladeni leqsebs werda. mor-aluri arCevani esTetikuri gamocdi-lebis Semdeg iwyeba da bevri sxva faq-toriTaa nakarnaxevi.

_ Tqven xarT italiuri poeziisdauRalavi divulgatori Tqvens sam-SobloSi da mis farglebs gareT, rasetyodiT qarTvel mkiTxvels dRevan-deli italiuri poeziis Sesaxeb?

araerTi mkvlevari amtkicebs, romdRes italiuri poezia Zalian„daqucmacebulia~ (jorjo lingua-glosa, magaliTad; bernardineli kipirdapir ambobs, italiuri poeziamokvdao), marTla asea?

_ ra giTxraT, me yuradRebas armivaqcevdi im „gamwarebul poetebs~,romlebmac kritikosobas imitom mi-hyves xeli, rom aravin aRfrTovandamaTi leqsebiT _ sityvaTa araf-rismTqmeli TamaSiT. poeziis cxovre-ba yovelTvis iyo daqucmacebuli, dasabednierodac, radgan yoveli poeti,marTalia, Tavisi epoqis mRelvarebas,daZabulobas aZlevs xmas, mainc piradmagaliTebTan gvaqvs saqme, fragment-ebTan, Tu maincdamainc es terminigvinda gamoviyenoT. kritikosebs arvTxov Semajamebeli sentenciebi gam-oitanon, an im mravalferovnebiswinaSe datyvevdnen, dasabamidan romgamoarCevs mdidar italiur poeziasTavisi mdidruli xmebiT _ Cven varTqveyana sicilieli poetebisa, gvyavsguiniceli, iakopone, fante, petrarka,taso, ariosto, foskolo, leopardi,ase Semdeg da ase Semdeg... montale,saba, paveze, pazolini, luci, kaproni,bertoluCi... italiuri poezia romfragmentulia, amiT aris mdidari daes aris swored bedniereba!

italia saswaulebrivad anarqiulida qaoturi qveyanaa, sadac amaRlebu-li da mdabali, mistiuri da xalxurierTmaneTSi ireva da usasrulod urT-ierTobs. mag kritikosebs ki vTxovdi(bevri kargi kritikosic gvyavs), Tavianebon naZaladev sqemebs da nu ityvi-an, rom italiuri poezia mokvda mx-olod imitom, rom maTi leqsebiaabortirebuli, an maTi rCeuli da maTiproteqciis qveS myofi poetebi xalx-isTvis zedmetad literaturuli daarafris mTqmelia.

_ Tqveni erT-erTi poeturi kre-bulis (Tu ar vcdebi, es iyo Tqvenipirveli wigni „kurdRlicocxebissazRvari~) Sesaxeb mario luci wers:„ neoavangardis gamocdilebam da-

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vides bevri gza gauxsna~; „dajgufe-ba 93~-s xom ar gulisxmobda? arada,am dajgufebis zogierTi warmomad-geneli, Tqvens sityvebs movitan:`ver itanda pazolinis, am batonebisazriT, igi, rogorc poeti, ar undaarsebuliyo, maT dauSveblad miaCn-daT, rom vinmes imxanad danteseulitercinebiT ewera~; Tqven oTxmoc-daaTianelTa Taobas ki migakuTvne-ben, magram Cemi mokrZalebuli az-riT, ufro pazolinis memkvidre mgo-nixarT, vidre sanguinetisa.

_ marios hqonda unatifesi yuri daxedavda, rom 60-70-iani wlebis TviT-gamocxadebuli eqsperimentebis bevr-ma biZgma gakvala formaluri gzebi,romlis Semdegac movediT me da sxvapoetebi (Cemi debiuti 85 wels Sedga,18 wlis viyavi, ase rom, oTxmocdaa-TianelTa Taobas ar mivekuTvnebi...ise, yovelTvis nu vendobiT etiketebspoeziaSi), imis Tqma minda, rom bolos-dabolos SegveZlo Tavi agveridebinaCvenamde arsebul polemikaTa im sulisSemxuTveli atmosferosTvis, romel-ic umetesad politikur xasiaTsatarebda da ara kulturologiurs. memiyvars poetebi zedsarTavebis gareSe.poeti, romelic avtodefinicias mima-rTavs, an misaRebad miaCnia, vinmemdaarqvas „ eqsperimentuli poeti~, yve-la sxvas Tavi rom davaneboT, sakuTarTavSi ar aris darwmunebuli. iqnebdante ar iyo eqsperimentuli?! an pe-trarka, an leopardi?! yoveli TviTmy-ofadi xelovani eqsperimentulia, daTu etiketebs saWiroebs, ese igi, raRa-cas Cqmalavs _ an kulturul simyifesan farul mizans da poeziisTvis orivemiuRebelia.

_ gamodis, literaturul klas-ifikaciebs ar scnobT da Tavs arc„dajgufeba 93~ miakuTvnebT. dRes Tuarsebobs raime literaturuli da-jgufeba da vin arian yvelaze cno-bili poetebi?

_ rogorc ukve vTqvi, ar miveku-Tvnebi oTxmocdaaTianelTa Taobas(vinc amas ambobs italiaSi, kargad ar

uswavlia sagani) da saerTod arcerTipoeturi dajgufebis wevri ara var.Tumca vqmni namdvil moZraobas, anuvawyob Sexvedrebs diskusiebis, azrTaurTierTgacvlis, axali aRmoCenebisSeswavlis, ostatebsa da axalgaz-rdebs Soris paeqrobis gasamarTad. am„moZraobam~ etiketebis gareSe (cdi-loben momawebon yvelanairi etiketi,magram kritikosebis an fsevdopoete-bis RvarZliani da Suriani adamianeb-is mogonili aradCasagdebi Worebia)ukanaskneli ocdaaTi wlis ganmavlo-baSi asparezze Zalian bevri axalgazr-da, axali xma gamoiyvana da erTmaneTis-gan sruliad gansxvavebulic.

poeziis realobas me mimdinareobadda dajgufebebad ar aRviqvam. es ufropolitikis saqmea. italia, Tavisi didiliteraturuli tradiciidan gamom-dinare, winsvlis stimuls gvaZlevs,rac bevri saintereso xmis gamovle-nas uwyobs xels. maT Soris, Cemi winaTaobidan davasaxelebdi de anjeliss,kukis, kontes, musafis, piersantis,frakakretas, minielos, pontijas, devitas, emolos, gualtieris, anedas,fuCis, da sxvebs... Cems TanatolebSisaukeTeso poetebic arian, Cemi azriT,lauretano, rikardi, vilalta, panfi-do, damiani, bultrini, moSe, lero,niere, paCilio... axalgazrda TaobaSicbevria kargi poeti, romelTac Zalianpatara sagamomcemlo saxlebi beWdav-en.

dayofa iseTi kategoriebis mixed-viT, rogoricaa „Taobebi~, „dajgufe-bebi~ da a. S. ar mainteresebs, vinaidansxva leqsikas miekuTvneba _ politi-kurs da sociologiurs, ramac gan-sakuTrebiT iCina Tavi meoce saukune-Si da pretenzia gamoTqva, rom yvelaf-ris Sesaxeb unda emsjela da yvela-feri mxolod sakuTari gadmosaxedi-dan ganexila, rac ar aris samarTliani.aravis mosdis TavSi, ikiTxos, romel„Taobas, an romel „dajgufebas~ mi-ekuTvneba rafaeli an misi antipodi mi-qelanjelo an van gogi. cxadia, spe-cializebulma kritikulma naSromma

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unda gamoavlinos kavSiri, naTesaoba,gavlena Tu warmomavloba, magrampoeziis da xelovnebis dafosoeba amJargoniT mimaCnia, rom an sizarmacissinonimia, an raRac faruli miznisa.

_ isev italiur Temas rom Sevex-oT, saintereso iqneboda, televizi-is erT gadacemaSi Tqven mier gamoT-qmuli azris ganvrcoba: „...zogadadkulturuli viTareba qveyanaSi sav-alaloa, vinaidan italiuri kultu-ruli samyaros erTi nawili mxolodsakuTari „butikis~ interesebzefiqrobs da Sors dgas realuri cx-ovrebidan~.... am konteqstSi ra mo-mavali aqvs italiur kulturas?

_ am frazas Tavisi konteqsti aqvs.vamxel sxvadasxva saxiT da didi xaniaimas, rom italiuri kultura, romlismarTva mravali wlis ganmavlobaSidaavadebuli iyo saxelmwifos Carevisgamo, anu biurokratizmiT da ideol-ogizmiT, sruli ZalisxmeviT ver ga-moxatavs sakuTar potencials da verpasuxobs imas, rasac mTeli samyaromoiTxovs Cveni qveynisgan: iyos mSve-nierebis niSa istoriaSi. msofliosbevr qveyanaSi vkiTxulob leqsebs (sav-alalo mdgomareobaSi myof qveynebSicda iqac, sadac italiurma politikammZime danaSaulis kvali datova) dayvelgan italia sasurvelia rogorcsimbolo SesaZlebeli silamazisa. ide-ologizebuli da biurokratiiT daR-dasmuli kultura, imis magivrad, romdialogSi Sevides adamianebTan, dain-teresdes da Caswvdes maT realur cxo-vrebas, universitetis baronTa snobi-zmSi iketeba (rogorc, magaliTad, um-berto eko), an saxsrebis naklebobazewuwunebs gauTaveblad (Tumca, Tavisdroze gauCumda imas, rom TanxebisSemcirebamde da krizisamde saxelmwi-fos kulturisTvis arsebuli yvelaxarjiT ramdenime xelovanis, reJiso-ris da sxvebis jibeebi gaesqelebina).

sakiTxi kompleqsuria da mokledCamoyalibeba Zneli. viTareba ki mar-Tlac mZimea da rogorc yvela mZimesituaciaSi, ibadeba winaaRmdegobis,

ganaxlebis wyurvili, momavlis imedi._ Tqven sayvedurobT skolas

Tqvens wignSi „literaturiswinaaRmdeg. poetebi da mwerlebi.yoveldRiuri Jleta skolaSi~ daaseve leqsSi „poezia kvdeba skoleb-Si yoveldRiurad~... sainteresoiqneboda Tqveni rCeva qarTveli mas-wavleblebisTvisac.

_ ver mivcem Cem Tavs nebas, rCevamivce maT, vinc aswavlis imas, razecwarmodgena ara maqvs. magram visac uy-vars gadasces axalgazrdebs mSve-niereba, Zala da mRelvareba esTe-tikuri gamocdilebisa, vetyodi: iyaviTavisufali, iyavi TviTmyofadi, arwaxvide kompromisze fulis gulis-Tvis an mSvidi cxovrebisTvis; ixel-mZRvanele meTodiT, romelic Tavisu-flebas ayenebs centrSi. xelov-nebasTan axalgazrda unda miiyvanofrTxilad da iq datovo Tavisufali,raTa TviTon gauRvivdes interesi;fakultaturi gaxado (oRond umaRlesskolaSi) literaturis kiTxvisa da xe-lovnebis nimuSebis daTvalierebissaaTebi. amitom aris saWiro iseTi mas-wavleblebi, romelTac SeuZliaT aminteresis aRZvra; amisaTvis arissaWiro meTodi, da kidev vneba, oRondenTuziazmis gagebiT ki ara, (aramx-olod enTuziazmi, romelmac zogjerganeleba icis), aramed „patior~-isa (laT.tanjva _ mTargmn.), mzaobisa, itanjosmisTvis, vinc uyvars.

Cemi wigni iyo italiaSi pirveli,romelSic dokumenturad vasabuTeb amproblemebs da romelzec polemikadResac grZeldeba.

_ „prozis mTargmneli monaa av-torisa, poeziisa _ metoqe~, izi-arebT am gamoTqmas? romeli Tanamed-rove poetis Targmnas gvirCevdiT?

_ namdvili mTargmneli sayvare-lia. poetur teqsts ki ara, „afeqtu-sis~ gareSe, kavSiris unaris gareSe sam-yarosac verafers gaugeb. ar arsebobssxvaobis nulovani xarisxi enebs Soris.rogorc dante ambobda, SeuZlebeliaerTi ena „gadaitano~ meore enaSi, miT

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ufro „poeturad SekavSirebuli har-monizebuli sityvebis~ teqstSi, anupoeziis SemTxvevaSi, sadac JRera-dobas da ritms aqvT didi mniSvnelo-ba. mTargmneli alqimikosi ar aris daarc samoTxis Seqmna SeuZlia dedami-waze.

zRvarze vdgavarT, unda vTargmnoTgamudmebiT, da es aris Seuqcevadiprocesi, an unda miviRoT rogorc be-dukuRmarToba, an rogorc gansxvave-bulobis simdidre. erTmaneTsac xomvTargmniT erTi da imave enidan.

TanamedroveebSi cocxals gulisx-mobT? aseTia loi (franko loi 86 wlismilaneli poeti, warmoSobiT sardi-nieli, wers ZiriTadad milanur di-aleqtze _ mTargmn.).

Tu ukve Targmnili ara gaqvT, usaT-uod saTargmnia ukanasknel wlebSigardacvlili luci da kaproni.

_ cxadia, am interviuSi ver Sev-ZlebT Tqveni vrceli poeturi sam-yaros Sesaxeb saubars, magram mind-oda mekiTxa, meCveneba, Tu mravladaaTqvens poeziaSi avtobiografiulielementebi? vTqvaT, qalis Tema,rasac sakmaod did yuradRebas uT-mobT, imdenad rom mTeli wigni mi-uZRveniT „xuTi qali da erTi tal-Ra~.

_ cxovreba mogzaurobaa da adami-anebTan Sexvedras didi mniSvnelobaaqvs, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca bedis-weras cecxlze Sedgam. damakmayofi-lebelia es Cemi sinTezuri pasuxi?(icinis)

_ ra gaewyoba. maSin is miTxariT,raze muSaobT axla. Tqven xom proza-ikosic xarT, gamocemuli gaqvT: „Sen

rom aq iyo~, `suleli wmindanebi~,„ieso, marad axali moTxroba~, „bavS-vebi leqsebiviT ibadebian~...

_ me ara var prozaikosi absolu-turi gagebiT, ar vTxzav ambebs, arvigoneb, xelaxla vwer ukve arsebulistorias. am dReebSi gamova „seviliiskocna: migel maniara, kaci, romelicdon Juani iyo~. wlis bolosTvis kigamocemloba „mondadori~dastambavsCemi komentarebis wigns `ormocdaaTileqsi, romelTac cecxli wamikides~.

_ Tqven xSirad giwevT vizitebiucxoeTSi, rogori iyo saqarTvelo-Si mogzauroba?

_ moulodnelad gansacvifrebe-li... damRleli, magram araCveu-lebrivi.

saqarTvelo Tavisi uZvelesi is-toriiT, kacobriobis erT-erTi akva-nia da piradad davrwmundi, rom es araris mxolod ritorika, an warsulisanarekli, radgan es sakuTari TvaliTvnaxe adamianTa saxeebze; maTi Rirse-ba, survili erTad smis, erTad simRe-ris, erTmaneTisa da ucxos moferebis_ ar SegamCnevineben, ra stkivaT, ranaRveli aqvT _ erTgvari mefuri Rir-sebis matareblebi arian.

vnaxe _ davwere kidec italiuryoveldRiur gazeTSi _ TiToeulimaTganis sulSi gamovlenili Zvirfa-si niSani _ oqro da es mefurobisniSani, ragind dafaruli iyos pativ-moyvareobiT, tanjviT, mZime jafiT,yovel maTgans usazRvrod did daZvirfas pirovnebad warmoaCens.

esaubra nunu gelaZe

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davide rondoni

kavkasia, Rvino da poezia,mogzauroba saqarTveloSi

arian erebi, romelTa Sesaxebacaucilebelia daiweros, radgan uZve-lesi da saintereso istoria aqvT; xan-daxan mZafri geopolitikuri aqtua-lobis gamo avanscenaze gamodian, mereqrebian Cveni Tvalsawieridan, aTas-wlovan bindSi. cota ram viciT maTSesaxeb, an TiTqmis araferi; qarT-velebs vgulisxmob. da maTTvis, vincgaagrZelebs am statiis kiTxvas, amTav-iTve vityodi, rom qarTvelebi ital-ielebs hgvanan, didi istoria aqvT dadidi survili, bednierebi iyvnen. dakidev, aqvT megobrobis saocari unari.rodesac boris pasternaki sabWoTa mw-erlebis kavSiridan garicxes, yvelaerideboda masTan Sexvedras, mxolodqarTveli poetebi da mwerlebi akiTx-avdnen. mogvianebiT erT wignad gamoicaqarTveli mwerlebisadmi gagzavnilimisi SesaniSnavi werilebi. erTi maTganiam mwerlebidan tician tabiZe iyo, oc-daCvidmet wels sabWoTa cixeSi dax-vretili. misi seriozuli da naTeliymawviluri saxe Tan mdevda xanmoklemogzaurobis dros poeziis festi-valze Tbilisidan ori saaTis savalzemdebare mamulSi; Tan mdevda winandlismuzeumsa da parkSi, giorgisa da muzeu-mis sxva mesveurebis, WavWavaZeTa, gen-erlebis, batoniSvilebisa da litera-torebis fotoebis, SesaniSnavi poetisdaTo maRraZisa da misi meuRlis, ele-ganturi lalis, miwveuli stumrebis,megobrebis da naTesavebis garemocva-Si. ai, kidev erTi dasturi imisa, rom esgiJmaJi qarTvelebi italielebs hgvan-

an. da amas imiTac mixvdebi, rogor uy-varT Rvino, an rogor mRerian, andarogori siamayiT yvebian TavianTiqveynis uxsovar ambebs: rom aq iyo an-tikuri kolxeTi, aq movidnen argo-navtebi oqros sawmisis saZebnelad,aqauri iyo jadoqari kirke. mere ufroSors midian da amboben, rom etruske-bi protoqarTvelebi iyvnen, rom aqaris napovni pirveli evropelis Con-Cxi, rom oqro aq uxvadaa. yvelafersZnelad daeTanxmebi, roca aRar Tavde-ba sadRegrZeloebi da eWvob, rom Rvi-nis kidev erTxel Camosasxmelad agr-Zeleben maT warmoTqmas. marTlac gvg-vanan, Tumca, zogjer iseTi kadrebicgaielvebs, gagefiqreba: „netav sadmovxvdi?” ar vgulisxmob eqstravagan-tur vardisfer ̀ rols roiss~, Tbili-sis erT quCaze rom wavawydi; iseTi am-bebis da Tvalxiluli movlenebis mow-mec gavxdi, maT namdvilobas rom adas-turebs. magaliTad, oqros antikurisamkaulebi, sunTqvas rom Segikravs,xmlebi da xanjlebi... aqauroba namd-vilad mefeTa, warCinebulTa da mefisasulTa samflobeloa. mefe daviTmeoTxe aRmaSenebeli, romelmac jerkidev meoTxe saukuneSi gaqristianeb-uli es miwa islams gamoglija, axlacdidebiT moixsenieba; iseve rogorcmefe erekle meore kaxeTis regionSi,romlis centri Telavi patara qalaqiakavkasionis mTis qveS mdebare mimzid-veli borcvebiT. diax, aq mefuri sisx-li igrZnoba. saqarTvelo xidia da amasunda umadlodes Tavis iRbalsac da

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uiRblobasac. ipyrobdnen mudam didiZalisxmeviT monRolebidan komu-nistebis CaTvliT. axla damorCilebissxva meTodebi arsebobs. amis miuxeda-vad, saqarTvelos SeuZlia Tavisi be-disweris ganmgebeli iyos. aqvs saTana-do geopolitikuri pirobebi (maTSoris evropasTan Tavisufali urT-ierTgacvlis SeTanxmebis privilegia)da, aseve, sakuTrebis gankargvis saTan-do pirobebi, rac karg perspeqtivasuqmnis soflis meurneobisa da turiz-mis ganviTarebas. yovelive amisgaTvaliswinebiT, italielebTan mego-brobas kargi nayofis gamoReba Seu-Zlia, ase fiqrobs aq bevri, maT Soris,italiis elCic antonio bartoli,romelic amerikis SeerTebul Stateb-Si mniSvnelovani diplomatiuri sam-saxuris dasrulebis Semdeg Svidi TveasaqarTveloSia mivlinebuli. vgavarTda arc vgavarT, erTi sityviT.

Tavadi andronikosis saubars dasimReras kargad nacnobi aristokrat-uli da dauZleveli melanqoliadahyveba, magram iseTi faqizi aRmosav-luri sitkbo axlavs, CvenSi rom ucxoa.qalebi eleganturebi arian da gaxele-bac SeuZliaT; zogierTi sulSi diade-masaviT, nasroli tyviasaviT atarebstkivils, sxvebi, rogorc nunu gelaZe,brwyinvale mTargmneli, simRerisasiseT xmas gamoscemen, TiTqos xSirityeebidan da kavkasionis farTod gaS-lili zegnebidan gamodiodes. aq bevrsSexvdebiT, axloblebi rom dakarges,gaqrnen mTeli ojaxebic. amas mowmobssabWoTa okupaciis muzeumic, romlisSesasvlelSi sisxlisferSi CaZirulityviamfrqveviT dacxriluli dawyev-lili vagoni dgas, romelSic bevri in-teleqtualic daxvrites; aTasi wliswinandel eqsponats hgavs, arada, suloTxmoci wlisaa. ufrosi rusi Zma aqvesazRvarTan dgas da borgavs, partiajer ar dasrulebula. mTeli msof-

lios presam dokumenturad gaaSuqamis mier Cadenili zogierTi represi-uli qmedeba, vidre ’92 wels Tavisu-flebas moipovebdnen, mere 2003 wlisvardebis revoluciazec iTqva da amJa-mindel politikur struqturazec.

abezari mezoblis Caxutebidan Ta-visuflebaze gadasvla umtkivneuloar yofila. muzeumis erT fotoze mo-Cans lamazi qaliSvili, manqanidandroSas afrialebs, simtkice da imediaRbeWdvia saxeze damoukideblobi-saTvis brZolis dReebSi. meubnebian,rom axla is qaliSvili momvlelad mu-Saobs italiaSi. Tbilisi ucnauri qa-laqia, mudmivad viRacis Carevis obieq-ti; daarsebac ucnauri aqvs, misi gaCe-na cxel mdinareSi Cavardnili xoxbiTiwyeba, vaxtang gorgasalma aRmoaCinagogirdis cxeli wylebis samkurnaloTvisebebi. saqarTvelo strategiulpunqtSi mdebareobs, xidi iyo, kori-dori, odesRac abreSumis, axla gazisgamo. arcTu mravalricxovania misimosaxleoba, industriac naklebad ga-nviTarebuli aqvs. ufro meti qarTve-li cxovrobs TurqeTSi, vidre saq-arTveloSi, rogorc cifrebi cxady-ofen. Tumca yvelgan Sexvdebi maT, ba-riSi, milanSi, palermoSic, sadac ax-algazrda mwerali ruska JorJolianicxovrobs, bavSvobaSi afxazeTidandevnili. SeiZleba arc aravis hgvananqarTvelebi. seqtemberSi papi Cadis,specialurad maTTvis, radgan uni-kalurebi arian, iseve rogorc maTi an-bani, sxvebisTvis gaugebari, martoisini xmaroben am anbans mTel msofli-oSi, da es cotas ar unda niSnavdes...

gazeTi „avenire~, 2 ivnisi, 2016 weli

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Zvel qarTul matianeebSi erTi aseTi tendencia SeiniSneba. meistorie mefee-bisa da omebis ambavTa Txrobas aCerebs, pauzas iRebs da ambobs, am dros, rocaes movlenebi xdeboda, moRvaweobdnen esa da es mTargmnelebi, romlebic qarTulsawignobels amravlebdneno.

momavlis meistorie, rodesac Cveni epoqis movlenebs aRwers, ityvis, es am-bebi baCana bregvaZis dros xdebodao.

marTlac, baCana bregvaZem Seqmna Tavisi dro, Tavisi epoqa, Tavisi inteleq-tualuri sivrce, romelic niSneulia uCveulod maRali kulturiTa da siste-murobiT.

qarTuli Targmanis samyaro man aqcia galaqtikad, romelSic Tavis nebisame-br ganalaga mnaTobebi da Tanavarskvlavedebi.

rodesac mis auwonav Rvawlze fiqrob, sul ginda gaixseno da CamoTvalo imdid SemoqmedTa da moazrovneTa saxelebi, romelTa nawarmoebebiT gaamdidraqarTuli kultura da gaxsendeba: platoni da avreliusi, netari avgustine dadante aligieri, plotini da miqelanjelo, evripide da henrik ibseni, vivekanan-da da blez paskali, anri bergsoni da teiar de Sardeni, albert ainStaini daverner haizenbergi, artur Sopenhaueri da albert Stekli, ciceroni da miSelmonteni, Jan de la briueri da antuan de sent egziuperi, fsevdo-longine danikolo makiaveli, xose ortega i gaseti da servantesi, jakomo leopardi daluiji pirandelo, tolstoi da napoleon pirveli, pol valeri da xorxe luisborxesi... saxareba _ oTxTavi da kidev vin moTvlis, ramdeni.

lui meToTxmete ambobda: `saxelmwifo _ es me var!~baCana bregvaZes SeeZlo eTqva: `Targmani _ es me var!~`bolo wlebis CanawerebSi~ (`inteleqti~, 2010) mas aseTi ram uweria: `bed-

nierebaa, roca wignis furclebze ise isvenebs daRlili suli, rogorc gadam-freni frinvelebi isveneben gaSlil gemis anZaze~.

gadamfreni frinvelebiviT Cvenc xSirad moviTqvamT suls mis wignebze.batoni baCana, rom ityvian, sicocxlis bolomde TanamSromlobda `sagura-

mos~ redaqciasTan. siamovnebiT gvigzavnida masalebs. sul bolos es gamogzav-na _ taitaro suZuki, `budizmis arsi~. kalamburic moayola: `kai taros gigza-vniT da, aba, Tqven iciT, ar gamicudoT~-o.

arsebobs baCana bregvaZis Zalze cnobili fotosuraTi. nacrisfer perang-ze jinsis lurji qurTuki acvia. guliT iRimis, alalad, lamazad. xelT upyriamcxeTaSi, bagineTSi, napovni vercxlis Tasi, romelzec markus avreliusia ga-mosaxuli. misi Rimili sruli Rimilia, radgan avreliusis saxiT maradisobasSexvda 1800 wlis Semdeg.

maradiul naTelSi amyofos am marTlac sruli kacis suli.

IIN MEMORIAM

baCanabregvaZis

epoqa

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vidre budizmze daviwyebde lapar-aks, minda, zogadad, oriode sityvavTqva religiaze, radganac budizmireligiaa da, rogorc yvela sxva reli-gias, masac ise uyureben, TiTqos arav-iTari uSualo kontaqti ara hqondesTviT cxovrebasTan. bevrs hgonia, rommSvenivrad gava iolad religiisgareSe. zogi ufro Sors midis da acx-adebs, religia wminda wylis crurw-menaao, da amitomac aras dagidevT,arsebobs Tu ara jojoxeTi andasamoTxe. zogi ki amasac ar sjerdeba dareligias masebis opiumad, anu im saSu-alebad miiCnevs, romelsac iyenebenkapitalistebi da biurokratebi, raTaTavianTi nebis brma iaraRad aqcionxalxi.

Tu budizms, rogorc religias, am-nairi TvaliT davuwyebT yurebas,saerTod veRar mivxvdebiT, ra rolsasrulebs an unda asrulebdes religiaCvens yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. Cveu-lebrivi cxovrebiT mcxovrebTa um-ravlesobas Zalze bundovani warmod-gena aqvs imis Taobaze, rom grZnobebi-sa da gonebis samyaros garda arsebobssulis samyaroc, da samyaro, romelSicnamdvilad vcxovrobT, grZnobebisaTu gonebis samyaroa da ara sulisa. im-itomac migvaCnia, rom yvelaze re-

taitaro suZuki

budizmis arsialuri da CvenTvis yvelaze axlobeliapirveli samyaro, maSin rodesac meoreraRac warmoudgenelia, Tuki saerTodarsebobs. amrigad, sulis samyarodaviwyebas eZleva, Tumca misi arsebo-ba SeiZleba dasaSvebad migvaCndes. ispoetebis, profetebisa da egreTwode-buli ̀ spiritualistebis~ warmosaxvissferod iqceva, magram WeSmariti re-ligiis TvalTazrisiT, grZnobebissamyaro gonebrivi Tu konceptualurigaazrebaa imisa, rac uSualod evline-ba TviT suls. amitom sulieri samyaroufro realuria, vidre grZnobebissamyaro. es WeSmariteba Cven gveZlevaZneli da sasowarkveTili gonebis Zie-bis, ese igi, uamravi amao cdis Semdeg,uzenaesi realobis miRwevas rom isax-avs miznad, realobisa, romelsac Cvenver aRmovaCenT grZnobebis samyaroSi.

grZnobadi samyaro mravlobiTobissamyaroa, sadac yvelaferi gamudmebiTcvalebadobas eqvemdebareba, rac Cvenarasdros ar gvakmayofilebs. Cvengvinda rogorme davaRwioT Tavi mar-ad cvladi samyaros sazRvrebs. grZno-badi samyaros `realuroba~ da `siax-love~, rogorc Cans, gamudmebiT gva-Sorebs misgan, nacvlad imisa, rom mis-ken migvaqcios, radganac is ar pasux-obs Cvens sakuTar survilebs, romleb-

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sac, etyoba, Cveni grZnobebisagan sru-liad dafaruli samyaros ̀ fanatikurixilvebi~ iwveven. imas, rasac fana-tikurad miiCneven, bolos da bolos,fantastikurs ver vuwodebT: esaa yve-laze konkretuli, realuri da xelS-esaxebi raRac, da sxva rames ki ara,swored am raRacas mieltviT ase vnebi-anad. grZnobadi samyaro gonivrulianalizis samoqmedo velia, anda, piri-qiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom grZnobadsamyaros sxva rame ki ara, mxolodgoneba qmnis.

rodesac gvgonia, rom samyaro gves-mis, es niSnavs _ gvesmis imdenad, ram-denadac is gonivrul analizs eqvemde-bareba. magram raki es analizi veramowuravs cxovrebis Sinagan aspeqts,gamudmebiT vgrZnobT, rom CvenSi ra-Racas namdvilad ver akmayofilebsgoneba da is sxvagan daeZebs simSvides.ai, ratomaa Cveni Cveulebrivi cxovre-ba winaaRmdegobebiTa da konfliqte-biT savse. Tumca bevri CvenganisTvis esucnobia, da mxolod maSin, rocagarkveulwilad am faqtis gacnobiere-bas viwyebT, pirvelad vjdebiT da se-riozulad vufiqrdebiT situacias.ase rom vagrZelebT WeSmaritebis Zie-bas, Cven, bolos da bolos mivadgebiTsulieri samyaros, an ufro sworad,`sulieri samyaro~ TviTonve iWrebagrZnobebisa da gonebis samyaroSi damaSin saganTa mTeli wesrigi icvleba:logikuri ukve aRar aris logikuri,racionaluroba Tavis mniSvnelobaskargavs, radganac axla realuri arar-ealuris tolfardia, WeSmariti ki _yalbisa. ufro konkretulad rom vTq-vaT, wyali aRar miedineba mdinareSi,yvavilebi wiTlebi aRar arian, tirife-bi ki _ mwvaneni.

adamianis cxovrebaSi yvelaze gan-sacvifrebeli movlena sulieri sam-yaroa, romelic SeiWra grZnobebisa dagonebis samyaroSi da gadaayirava mas-Si yvelaze Warb da Cveul gancdaTaZveli formebi. magram es jer yvela-feri rodia, vinaidan imavdroulad

xdeba kidev erTi gansacvifrebelimovlena: es uaryofani Tu winaaRmde-gobani, maTi gamanadgurebeli darty-mis miuxedavad, sulac ver spobsgrZnobebisa da gonebis am samyaros,Cvens yoveldRiur cdad rom gvevline-ba, radganac wyali kvlav Zveleburadmiedineba da mTebic kvlav gorozaddagvyureben Tavs. magram Cvens umrav-lesobas uWirs Caswvdes im universa-lur xerxs, rasac iyeneben Zenis moZ-Rvarni sulieri naTelxilvis Jams Se-Zenili msoflmxedvelobis gadmosace-mad.

modiT, visaubroT Cveni Cveuleb-rivi eniT da davadginoT, ras gulisx-mobs Zenis moZRvari:

kerZod, imas, rom Cveni yoveldRi-uri cda Tavis WeSmarit mniSvnelobasiZens arsebobis sulier aspeqtTan misikavSiris xarjze, da vidre am arse-bobasTan ar dagvimyarebia kontaqti,yvelaferi, rac realuri gvgonia, su-lac araa realuri, vinaidan is amSemTxvevaSi SeuZlebelia moCvenebiTarsebobaze ufro realuri iyos. x-olod maSin, roca sulieri samyaromkveTrad aRbeWdavs Tavisi beWdiT amsamyaros, es ukanaskneli axal mniS-vnelobas iZens da garkveul azrs ani-Webs Cvens sicocxles.

qa garkveuli Sesworeba unda Sevi-tanoT Cvens msjelobaSi, radganacsulieri samyaros esoden xSirma da-mowmebam SeiZleba gvafiqrebinos, romarsebobs erTmaneTisgan gaTiSuli dadamoukidebeli ori samyaro _ su-lieri da grZnobad-inteleqtualuri.magram nu daviviwyebT, rom es mxoloderTi da imave mTliani samyaros ori sx-vadasxva, gonebiT ganpirobebuli sax-elwodebaa, da mxolod imis gamo,rom amfaqts ver vacnobierebT, SecdomiTgvgonia, TiTqos arsebobdes oridamoukidebeli da erTmaneTis uarmy-ofeli samyaro. Cven SegviZlia erTinabiJic gadavdgaT win da ganvacxadoT,rom es fardobiTi samyaro, romelSicvcxovrobT, sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara

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sulieri samyaro. faqtiurad arsebobs erTi mTliani,

ganuyofeli, sruli samyaro da sxvaaraferi. xolod goneba gvaiZulebssulier samyaroze vilaparakoT,TiTqos is grZnobad samyaroze ufrorealuri iyos, arada piriqiT, gveg-onos, rom grZnobadi samyaro ufrorealuria, vidre sulieri. magram am-nairi gayofa fiqciaa, vinaidan iyofais, rac ar unda iyofodes, TiTqos mar-Tla SeeZlos gayofa, xolo gayofisSemdeg erTi iseve realurad miiCneva,rogorc meore. erTian, mTlian sam-yaroSi, mkacrad rom vTqvaT, SeuZle-belia gayofa: gind sulad, gind grZno-bad, ginda gonebad. absulutur er-TianobaSi adgili ar rCeba sxvaobisaTu gansxvavebis terminebs. sinamdvi-leSi aq SeuZlebelia yovelgvari sity-va, yovelgvari azrovneba; absolutu-ri dumili, ai, albaT, erTaderTi saSu-aleba am mdgomareobis gamosaxatavad.da TviT dumilic, Tuki mas miviCnevTbgerisa da sityvis erTgvar sapir-ispirod, ver gamoxatavs sinamdviles.

magram raki adamianebi varT da sa-zogadoebaSi vcxovrobT, sul mudammunjebad ver davrCebiT: aucilebladviwyebT laparaks da warmovTqvamT:`iyos naTeli!~ Cndeba naTeli da, ai,saswauli: masTan erTad Cndeba bnelic,da isini – naTeli da bneli – erTad qm-nian oradobis samyaros, romelic Cvenrealuri gvgonia, magram es gonebismier Seqmnili iluziaa. es procesigardauvalia, radganac verasdidebiTver aicilebT Tavidan gonebis am qmed-iTobas. da mainc, vimeorebT, is ilu-ziaa, radganac misTvis ucxoa TavisTa-vadi erTis WeSmariti arsi.

es idea SeiZleba sxvanairadac gam-oiTqvas: sinamdvileSi Cvens winaSeaerTi sulieri samyaro, ese igi, erTian-ia, ganurCeveli, auxsneli da aradi-ferencirebuli. magram Cveni adamia-nuri cnobiereba isea mowyobili, rommas ar SeuZlia erTianobisa da igiveo-bis im mdgomareobaSi darCes: Cven

ratomRac masze fiqrs viwyebT, raTagavicnobieroT da naTlad gan-vsazRvroT, Wvretis sagnad vaqcioTda nawilebad gadavaqcioT igi, raTamaradiuli dumilisa da moZraobis en-ergia gaxmiandes da gamovlindes ad-amianuri moqmedebis dinamikaSi. er-Tiani, ramdenadac misi wvdoma Zal-gviZs, amis gamo ukve aRar aris ga-nurCeveli da aradiferencirebuli,ris Sedegadac Cven aRviqvamT sam-yaros, rogorc usasrulod rTulsada mravalferovans.

magram nu vifiqrebT, TiTqos erTisdayofa simravled droSi mimdinareprocesi iyos. es rom dagveSva, aucile-blad mividodiT im daskvnamde, romodesRac iyo dro, roca erTiani damTliani samyaro TavisTavad arsebob-da ise, rom Tavisi arsebobis gacno-biereba ar SeeZlo da rom droTa gan-mavlobaSi TandaTanobiT iqceodamravlobiTobis samyarod da a.S. Tu am-nairi azrovnebis xazs gavyvebiT, su-lis samyaro ukan, bunebis ZalTa bune-briv morevSi dagvrCeba, xolo CvenurTierTsapirispiro tradiciaTaTamaSis msxverplad viqceviT. maSinsamudamod davkargavT sulier wonas-worobas da usasrulod da usaSveloddavinTqmebiT wonasworobaTa samyaro-Si.

am tragediis Tavidan asacilebladunda gvaxsovdes, rom sulis samyarouSualod aqaa, Cven masSi vcxovrobT daarasodes ar vtovebT mas. TviT maSinacki, roca gvgonia, rom mravlobiTobisubadruki monebi da oradobazedafuZnebuli logikuri msjelobissaTamaSoebi varT, _ gars gvartyia su-lis samyaro, xolo Cveni yoveldRiuricxovreba misi bunvis RerZad gvevline-ba. magram Cven SegviZlia vTqvaT, romuricxvi saukunis winaT sadRac ukanmitovebuli suli namdvilad ar arissuli. da rom Cven aRaraferi gvaqvssaerTo, radgan Cven is warmogviCnde-ba am fardobiTi samyaros gareT mde-bare sinamdviled. am iluziam samuda-

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mod rom ar dagvixSos sulieri Tval-sawieri, metismetad mkveTri gamyofixazi ar unda gavavloT.

Tuki adamianur azrovnebas da-vufiqrdebiT, davinaxavT, rom is yve-laze ucnauri ramaa, rac ki odesmegamougonia, RmerTma icis, vis: yvelazeborotmosurne Tu yvelaze mosiy-varule gonebas. is ori sxvadasxva mi-marTulebiT funqcionirebs: xansargebloba moaqvs, xanac (Zalian xSir-ad) _ saSineli ziani. nebismierma il-uziam misca dasabami oradobis am sam-yaros. misi wyalobiT viZenT im myudrosavanis Semecnebis unars, saidanac mov-sulvarT da sadac mivbrundebiT, ma-gram masve miuZRvis brali imaSi, romgza gvereva da erTi mijnidan meorem-de dabneuli davexetebiT.

gonebas imisTvis iyeneben, rom manTavisi Tavi uaryos. soli aucilebe-lia moris gasapobad, magram ufro Rr-mad rom CaurWon, amisTvis meore solsiyeneben, da ase meordeba araerTxel.adamianis sicocxle paradoqsebiTaasavse: gonebis qmediTobas verafericver gamoaqvs am sicocxlidan _ yve-laferi, rasac is gvTavazobs, aucile-blad imRvreva TavisTavad war-moSobili problemebiT. amitom budis-tebi maTi meSveobiT aRweren da xsniansicocxles, rogorc gansxvavebas –gan-sxvavebis, an gamijvnas _ gamijvnisgareSe. amgvari gonebrivi sqemis Tanax-mad sulieri samyaro im samyaros Sesa-tyvisi iqneba, romlisTvisac ucxoasansxvavebac da gamijvnac, grZnobadisamyaro ki – gansxvavebisa da gamijvnissamyaroisa.

magram logikis TvalTazrisiT, ga-nusxvavebloba da gaumijnavoba Tavis-Tavad uazrobaa, radganac yvelaferigansxvavebisa da gamijvnis Sedegadaais, rac aris: ganusxvavebloba da gaum-ijnavoba aryofnas unda niSnavdes. am-rigad, sulieri samyaro, TavisTavadaRebuli, ar arsebobs: mas mxolod ma-Sin SeuZlia arseboba, roca is ganix-ileba gamijvnis samyarosTan kavSirSi.

magram samyaros budisturi cneba, sam-yarosi, romelSic ar arsebobs gamijv-na, fardobiTi ki ara, absoluturicnebaa: TavisTavad arsebobs mxoloderTi –absoluturi samyaro, da Tavi-si arsebobis sayrdenad mas ar sWirde-ba araviTari gafarToveba. magram CvenSegviZlia gavikiTxoT: SeuZlia Tu araadamianis gonebas, saerTod, amnairisamyaros wvdoma? ara, gonebis qmedeb-iT ar SeuZlia. aqedan – paradoqsuligamonaTqvami: gansxvaveba gansxvavebisgareSe, an sxvagvarad: ganusxvaveblo-ba gansxvavebiTurT da gaumijvnelobagamijvniTurT. sxva sityvebiT, CvenSegviZlia vTqvaT, rom cxovreba, rom-liTac vcxovrobT, dapirispirebulTaTviTigiveoba da ara maTi axsna Tu sin-Tezi. wiTeli wiTelia da arawiTeli,xeli xelia da araxeli.

rodesac vambobT, rom sagani arse-bobs, es mtkicebaa; rodesac vambobT,rom is ar arsebobs, amas uaryofiTadmiviCnevT. es sworia gansxvavebis sam-yaroSi: TviT gansxvavebis buneba isaa,rom sxvanairad ar SeiZleba iyos. uary-ofa da mtkiceba erTdroulad veriarsebebs. magram es ase rodia TviT-gaigivebis budistur logikaSi, radga-nac aq uaryofa aucileblad rodigvevlineba uaryofad, mtkiceba ki -mtkicebad. Tumca es imas rodi niSnavs,rom uaryofa mtkicebulebas gulisx-mobs, rogorc ityodnen logikisadeptebi. budistebi amas ar gulisx-moben, magram arc pasuxs arideben Tavs.amnairi mtkiceba savsebiT gulwrfelibunebisaa. Cven SegviZlia amas TviT-gaigivebis logika vuwodoT, rom-lisTvisac ucxoa gaerTianeba Tu sin-Tezi. am logikis WeSmaritebis sa-demonstraciod, adamiani, Tuki is Ze-nis moZRvaria, xels gaiwvdis da ikiTx-avs: `ratom ewodeba amas xeli?~TukiTxvas swrafi pasuxi ar mohyva, manSeiZleba aiRos mis winaSe mdebaregrafiti da Tqvas: ̀ inebeT, Cemo megoba-ro, Zalian gemrielia.~ aq Cven gvaqvsnimuSi gansxvavebisa ganusxvaveblad.

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am leqciis dasawyisSi saubari iyoimaze, rom ubralo xalxs grZnobadisamyaros paralelurad arsebuli hgo-nia sulieri samyaro. xla Cven viciT,rom es warmodgena sworic aris daarasworic. gonivrul aspeqtSi or sam-yarod gaxleCva savsebiT gasagebia, ma-gram roca es ori samyaro gayofilirCeba da urTierTganwona SeuZlebe-lia, dualizmi fatalur xasiaTs iZens,radganac is upirispirdeba im realurcxovrebas, romliTac Cven vcxovrobT.Cveni cda uaryofs amnair dualisturinterpretacias, radganac sulierisamyaro sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara grZno-badi samyaro, xolo grZnobadi samyaroigivea, rac sulieri samyaro. amitom,roca me vambob, rom suli ekuTvnis imsamyaros, romlisTvisac ucxoa gansx-vaveba, grZnoba ki _ gansxvavebis sam-yaros, ar unda dagvaviwydes TviT-gaigivebis logika, romlis mtkicebi-Tac es ori samyaro erTi da igivea.

esoden uCveulo mtkicebis gagebaZalze Znelia. budisturi idea gansx-vavebisas ganusxvaveblobisa da gam-ijvnisas gaumijnaobis Sesaxeb ueWve-lad Cveni gonebrivi wvdomis unarsaRemateba. aqedan SeiZleba davaskvnaT,rom realuri cxovreba miuwvdomeliagonebisTvis. magram es sulac ar niS-navs, rom religias gverdi unda avu-aroT,radganac is TiTqos ar Sedisgonebis qmedebis sferoSi, vinaidan is,razedac vlaparakobT, gonebis qmedi-Tobazea dafuZnebuli, risi meSveobi-Tac adamiani cdilobs mogvces Tavisicdis Tanmimdevruli axsna.

irracionaluroba gonebrivi qmed-iTobis erTi formaa, romelsac versadwavuvalT. xifaTi Tavs iCens maSin,roca cda uariyofa, raTa wina planzewamoswios goneba, Tumca TviT gonebamowmobs, rom goneba cdis naSieria daara piriqiT. goneba unda esadagebodescxovrebas, da roca cxovrebaSi vawy-debiT raRac iseTs, gonebis zemoqme-debas rom ar eqvemdebareba, gonebam kiara, yvelafri samyarom unda daiwyos

Tavidan. rwmena cocxalia, goneba kimkvdari. swored amitom religia, Cveu-lebriv, mtruladaa ganwyobili goneb-is mimarT da am mxriv ise Sors Sesto-pavs xolme, rom srul ganTavisufle-bas moiTxovs gonebisagan, TiTqos esukanaskneli misi dauZinebeli mteriiyos. magram religiis mxriv amnairidamokidebuleba gonierebas moklebu-lia, radgan es sinamdvileSi imas mow-mobs, rom religia Tavis mters ̀ nebde-ba~.

adamians rom marTla esmodes ga-nusxvaveblobisa da gaumijnavobismniSvneloba, azradac ar mouvidodagonebis winaaRmdeg gaelaSqra, radga-nac goneba, bolos da bolos, religi-is msaxuria, romelic xels uwyobs mas,Tavisi mSobliuri saxlis gzas miakv-lios. gonebriv qmediTobas is nakliaqvs, rom Tavisi dualizmiT dasabamsaZlevs dabali `me~-s ideas, romelsacrealurad miiCnevs, adamianuri cdissamefoSi gansakuTrebiT sapatio adg-ils rom imsaxurebs. vidre gonebisqmediToba misi sakuTari sferoTi if-areba, yvelaferi kargadaa, magram ro-gorc ki am farglebs gareT gadis da imsferoSi iWreba, romelic mas arekuTvnis, amas saSineli Sedegebi mos-devs, radganac es niSnavs dabali `me~-s aRzevebas realobamde, rasac Sede-gad mosdevs konfliqti adamianis cx-ovrebis eTikuri da religiuri Se-fasebis mimarT. esec ewinaaRmdegebaCvens SeRwevas saganTa bunebis siRrme-Si. dabali `me~, rogoc mogexsenebaT,yovelgvari borotebis fesvia. yvelareligiuri lideri ambobs, rom Cvenunda gavTavisufldeT am cnebebisagan,gadaulaxavi dabrkoleba rom aRumar-Tavs RmerTsa da adamians Soris, Tu esadamiani qristiania, budistSi kiamZafrebs mis nakls da karmis mavnegavlenas.

amitom gonebrivi qmediToba veras-dros ver poulobs mxardaWeras re-ligiuri cdis samefoSi. sinamdvileSiCven xSirad gvaiZuleben miamit uvice-

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bad viqceT, radgan religiuri, e.i.sulieri WeSmariteba mxolod amnairsulebs eZleva. budistebi xSiradlaparakoben `did sikvdilze~, rac ni-Snavs sikvdils Cveulebrivi cxovreb-isaTvis, maanalizebeli gonebissikvdils Tu Cvens dabal `me~-ze uar-is Tqmas. erTi dartymiT ganagmireT,ityodnen isini, goneba, sxvis saqmeSirom eCreba, da ZaRlebs miugdeT igi. esZalze uxeSi gamoTqmaa, magram misiazri cxadia: is mogviwodebs gadavabi-joT gonebis zRvars da gavcdeT gan-sxvavebis samefos farglebs, vinaidansulieri samyaro, romlisTvisacucxoa gansxvaveba, arasodes ar gaixs-neba Cvens winaSe, vidre ganmasxvavebelgonebas Zirfesvianad ar amovZirkvavT.

aq SeiZleba kvlav Rirdes imisaRniSvna, rom sulieri samyaro, rom-lisTvisac ucxoa gansxvaveba, gan-sakuTrebiT, TavisTavad rodi arse-bobs. is uSualod Cvens winaSea, usas-rulo gansxvavebaTa am samyaroSi: ar-sebiTad, is sxva ara aris ra, Tu araTviT es samyaro. masze ise rodi lapar-akoben, rogorc damoukidebel sam-yaroze, grZnobadi samyaros gareT romarsebobs: es Cveni gonebis oradobisSegoneba rom ara, arc gansxvaveba iqne-boda da arc ganusxvavebloba; sworedgonebis wyalobiTaa, orad rom vyofTerTian mTels, romelSic vcxovrobT,vmoZraobT da varsebobT. samyaro,romlisTvisac ucxoa moZraoba, Sei-Zleba or aspeqtSi ganvixiloT: pirve-li, gansxvavebis samyarosagan gansx-vavebiT, relatiuri samyaroa, meore ki_ absoluturi, sadac yovelgvari gan-sxvaveba gamoricxulia, da amitomacaais erTiani, absoluturi.

marad mSfoTvare da logikis moy-varuli gonebis dasadumeblad budis-tebi imnair gamoTqmas mimarTaven,rogoricaa `gansxvaveba gansxvavebisgareSe~, an `ganusxvavebloba gansx-vavebisas~, sadac `gansxvaveba~, sur-vilisamebr, SeiZleba `gamijvniT~iqnes Secvlili. budistebi sarge-

bloben terminebiT `siabecu~ (gansx-vaveba) da ̀ funbecu~ (gamijvna). ̀ si~ Tu`sa~ gansxvavebas~ niSnavs, `fun~ da`bun~ ki _ `gayofas~, `orad gaWras~.`becu~ _ gansxvavebaa~, siabecu~-s sta-tiuri, sivrculi, obieqturi da fiz-ikuri aspeqti aqvs, maSin rodesac`funbecu~ ufro mWidrod ukavSirde-ba gonebas, logikasa da subieqts. praq-tikulad, es ori termini erTsa daimaves niSnavs: isini ganurCevlad gam-oiyenebian da urTierTSemcvlelniarian.

mxolod maSin ibadeba `prajnia~ _yovlis manaTobeli da yvelaferzeuzenaesi sibrZne. `vijniana~, ese igi,gansxvavebuli, egocentruli gonebanaTdeba da sakuTari arxebiT medin`prajniad~ iqceva, romlisTvisacucxoa gansxvaveba da gamijvna. vijni-anas, romelic SeiZleba Cvens Cveu-lebriv cnobierebasTan iqnes gaigive-buli, gza ebneva, Tuki usasrulo dadaxlarTul labirinTebs, sadac isdaexateba, prajnias Suqi ar anaTebs.magram prajnias yovlismanaTobeliSuqi gansxvavebas ki ar Slis, aramedufro reliefurs xdis da cxadyofsmis sulier mniSvnelobas, radganacdabali `me~ axla mkvdaria. is ganusx-vaveblobis sarkeSi Wvrets Tavisanarekls. nu vifiqrebT, TiTqos pra-jnia vijnianasagan gansxvavebiT arse-bobdes, anda piriqiT. gancalkevebagansxvavebas niSnavs., xolo iq, sadacmarto gansxvavebaa, prajnia ar arse-bobs, umisod ki vijnianas gza ebneva daxetials iwyebs.

prajnia gaumijnavobis principia,romelic safuZvlad udevs gansxvave-basa da gamijvnis yvela formas. misgasagebad, anu gonebrivi Cixidan gamo-sasvlelad, saWiroa, rogorc budis-tebi amboben, ̀ didi sikvdilis~ gancda,amitom prajnia codnaa, romelmac icisda, amavdroulad, arc icis, gageba,romelsac gagebis unari ar Seswevs,azri, romelic ar aris azri. es `uaz-robaa~. sruli uqonloba azrisac da

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gonebisac, magram am gagebiT ki ara,TiTqos adamiani cnobierebas kar-gavdes, aramed imiT, rom

`alublebi yovel weliwads yvavian esinos mTaSi,magram gaape xe da miTxari:sad arian es yvavilebi?~anda:ra xSirad davexetebodi mis molodinSimdinaris piras,sadac Cqamic ki ar ismis,mxolod qaris qrolva arxevs fiWvebis nemsebs~. gonebis uqonloba Tu uazroba sak-

maod ugergilo terminebia, magramsxva sityvebs, romlebic Segva-Zlebinebdnen adeqvaturad gamogvexa-ta is, rasac gulisxmobs budisturi`musina~ (`gonebis uqonloba~), anda`muneni~ (`uazroba~), _ amaod dauw-yebT Zebnas. am ideis mowodebaa gamox-atos gonebis aracnobieri muSaoba, ma-gram es `aracnobiereba~ fsiqologi-urad ki ar unda gamoixatebodes,aramed _ sulier sibrtyeze, sadaclogikuri Tanmimdevrobisa Tu anali-tikuri gagebis yvela `kvali~ qreba. aqlogikuri msjelobis yvela CveuliZala Tavis zRvars aRwevs: es cnobiere-bis sxva sferoSi xdeba yvelaze farTogagebiT, romelic moicavs rogorccnobiers, ise aracnobier sferosac.roca `gonebis uqonloba~ amnairadaaganmartebuli, Cven vxedavT, rom nam-dvili budistebi imave gziT rodi mid-ian, romliTac, Cveulebriv, mivdivarTCven, dualisturi sulieri wyobismqone adamianebi.

amrigad, prajnia `aCintiaa~, `araazrovneba~, anu ̀ uazroba~. yovelgvariazrovneba Seicavs gansxvavebas `amasa~da `imas~ Soris, radganac azrovnebagayofasa da analizirebas niSnavs.`aCintia~ _ uazroba, ganuyoflobas,anu yovelgvari logikuri gansjis-farglebs gareT gasvlas moaswavebs,da mTeli budisturi moZRvreba uaz-robis, azrisa Tu gonebis uqonlobis,

anu ̀ aCintia-prajnias~ am centraluriideis irgvliv trialebs, riTacgviCvenebs, rom veraviTari sulieriWeSmariteba ver miiwvdomeba logi-kuri msjelobiT. vimeoreb, ganusxvave-blobisa da gaumijnavobis sulierisamyaro TavisTavad, logikuri msje-lobis samyarosagan gancalkevebiTrodi arsebobs, vinaidan misgan gan-calkevebuli rom iyos, ganusxvaveb-lobis samyaro aRar iqneboda da aRarcraime sasicocxlo kavSiri iarsebebdamasa da Cvens yoveldRiur cxovrebasSoris.

TavianT filosofiaSi budistebidaJinebiT moiTxoven iseTi urTierT-sapirispiro terminebis Serwyma-Seer-Tebas, rogoricaa gansxvaveba da ga-nusxvavebloba, azrovneba da uazroba,racionaluroba da iracionalurobaad a.S. garda amisa, isini moiTxoven,rom logikuri azrovnebiT xels arvuSlideT dapirispirebulTa Serwy-mas, radganac formaluri logikiskanonebiT es absurdis mwvervalia. es-ec ar iyos, isini gvTavazoben ganvica-doT sakuTriv Serwyma, sadac `uazro-ba~ faqtiurad alufxulia azris for-maTa simravleSi, ese igi, sinamdvileSiCavwvdeT im faqts, rom TviT cnobiere-ba ver iarsebebs, Tuki mis safuZvels –absolutur aracnobierebas Camova-SorebT.

magram es fsiqologiurad ki arunda gavacnobieroT, aramed suli-erad. sulieri Serwymis es gancda niS-navs Caswvde gaumijnavobis irraciona-luri racionalurobis arss da Seic-no, rom ori urTierTsapirispirotermini identuria, ese igi, A aris _ara A da ara -A aris A. es TviT prajniadqcevas niSnavs, sadac ar arsebobs gam-ijvna subieqtsa da obieqts Soris, ma-gram maTi gansxvaveeba mainc mkafiodaRiqmeba _ esaa gansxvaveba gansxvave-bis gareSe da gamijvna gamijvnis gare-Se. TavisTavad igulisxmeba, rom raci-onaluri azrovnebis sibrtyeze esyovelgvar azrs moklebulia, magram

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sruliad aucilebelia miaRwio Rrmadwvdomas dapirispirebulTa absolu-turi igiveobis am ZiriTadi WeSmarite-bis arsSi. es naTelxilva, realizacia,wvdoma Tu intuicia, rasac ar unda vu-wodebdeT amas, pranjias gamoRviZebas,bodhis miRwevas Tu ganaTlebas, budassrulqmnilebasTan ziarebas, nirvana-Si danTqmas da wminda miwaze, dasav-luri gagebiT, samoTxeSi dabadebasniSnavs. `axal aRTqmaSi~ es sicocx-leze uaris Tqmaa misi miRwevis mizniT.

Tu praqtikulad mivudgebiT sak-iTxs, SeiZleba iTqvas Semdegi: religiamoiTxovs xeli aviRoT yvelaferze,rac ama Tu im miznis gamo vitvirTeTda rac sinamdvileSi Cven ar gvekuTv-nis. amden tansacmels viTom imitomvatarebT, rom ar gavcivdeT, Tumcamxolod imas miveltviT, rom ufrodidebulad gamoviyurebodeT, vidregvWirdeba, radganac Cveni simdidris,sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobisa Tupolitikuri Zalauflebis demonstr-ireba gvsurs. yovelive es mxolod dan-amatia, iotis odenadac rom ar zrdisCvens sidides. Tu Cvens sakuTar arssdavakvirdebiT, davinaxavT, rom am dan-amatebs araferi aqvT masTan saerTo.roca sikvdilis winaSe pirdapir vrCe-biT, maTze safiqralad aRar gvcalia.TviT isic ki, rasac sakuTar sxeuladvsaxavT,raRac ucxod aRiqmeba Cvensmier. `sulieri adamiani~ raime gare-moebaze rodia damokidebuli. abazanismiRebisas misi namdvili saxiT vecno-biT adamians, rogorc SeniSna tanisdinastiis erTma dedofalma, abazanismiReba rom SesTavaza budist monaz-vnebs.

roca adamiani veRarafriT izRu-davs Tavs gareSe mzerisagan, is gonsegeba. ai, sad vdgavarT sulieradTavisufalni gansxvavebisa Tu gam-ijvnisagan. miuxedavad imisa, rom arSeiZleba am ukanasknelis ugulvebely-ofa, ignorireba da uaryofa, Tu srulganaTlebas veswrafiT, roca iqneba,sruliad SiSvlad unda vixiloT Cveni

Tavi sulier sarkeSi, amqveyniuri tit-ulebis, rangebisa Tu materialur dan-amatTa gareSe. viyoT is, rac varT, ab-soluturad martoni –ai, sad elapar-akeba buda budas, ai, sada var me ̀ abraa-mis movlinebamde~, ai, sad SeiZlebaiTqvas: `tat Tvam asi~ (`Sen xar is~).

sainteresoa aRiniSnos, rom paska-li Tavis ̀ azrebSi~ laparakobs gulisada gonebis gansxvavebaze da amtkicebs,rom RmerTi gonebiT ki ar Seicnoba,aramed guliT, rwmeniT da ara azro-vnebiT. yvelaze ukeTesi, rasac Sei-Zleba miaRwios gulma, imis aRiarebaa,rom `uricxvi ram masze maRla dgas~.gonebis funqcia Tavisi Tavis uaryo-fa da grZnobebis e.i. gulis mimarTmorCilebaa, gulisa, romelsac `Tavi-si sakuTari goneba aqvs, rac ucnobiagonebisTvis~. rogorc budistebi am-boben, prajnias guls Tavisi sakuTarigoneba aqvs, romelic sruliad areqvemdebareba vijnianas, gonebisdemonstracias Tu gamijvnas. gonebayovelTvis gammijnavia, rac saSuale-bas ar aZlevs mas uSualod moicvasgaumijnavobisa da ganusxvaveblobissamyaros realoba.

paskali ambobs: ̀ rwmena RvTis niWia.nu erwmunebiT, roca amboben, rom isniWia gonebisa~. rwmena realobasTanSexebaa gaumijnavobis meSveobiT. bud-istebi ityodnen, rom paskalis `rwme-na~, anu ̀ sruli naTelxilva~ maT srulganaTlebas Seesabameba. magram azrov-nebis budisturi manera qristianobis-gan gansxvavdeba imiT, rom goneba bu-distebis mier gulisgan gansxvavebu-lad ar miiCneva. maTi azriT, gonebagulisagan amoizrdeba da misi Tanaar-sia.; egec ar iyos, gulisa da gonebisamnairi identuroba xels ar uSlis maTTavisTavad funqcionirebas: gonebademonstraciisa da gamijvnis instru-mentad gvevlineba, guli ki _ intu-iciisa. `RmerTi kacad iqca, raTa kacsSeerTeboda~. Tu asea, RmerTi adamian-Sia, adamiani ki _ RmerTSi. RmerTi ad-amiania, adamiani ki _ RmerTi. esaa

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udidesi religiuri saidumlo, uRrme-si filosofiuri paradoqsi, gamijvnagaumijnavad da gaumijnavoba gam-ijvnisas, rac warmoadgens TviT-gaigivebis budisturi logikis arss.

imperatorma xakamonom (1309-1318),keTilmorwmune budistma, erTxelbudizmze sasaubrod miipatiJa sax-alxo moZRvari daito (1282-1337), 1326wels daitokuZis monasteri romdaaarsa kiotoSi. roca daito budis-turi saritualo samosiT mosili eax-la imperators da mis winaSe dajda,mbrZanebelma SeniSna: `gana windauxe-davad ar geCveneba, rom budas dharma(`buppo~) imperatoris dharmas (`obo~)unda Sexvdes erTsa da imave doneze?~daitom miugo: `gana windauxedavad argeCveneba, rom imperatoris dharma bu-das dharmas unda Sexvdes erTsa daimave doneze?~ imperatori kmayofilidarCa pasuxiT. es cnobili mondo mrav-lismetyvelia. budisturi avtorite-ti (budas dharma), romelic aq daito-Tia warmodgenili, ganusxvaveblobissulieri samyaroa absoluturi gage-biT, xolo saimperatoro, anu samo-qalaqo avtoriteti (imperatoris dha-rma) gansxvavebulobis samyaroa. ra-kiRa gansxvavebulobis dualistursamyaroSi vcxovrobT, kidevac undavemorCilebodeT mis kanonebs. xe bam-buki ar aris, bambuki ki ar aris xe; mTamaRalia, mdinare ki miedineba; tirifimwvanea, yvavili ki _ wiTeli. zustadaseve, sazogadoebrivi wesrigis piro-bebSi moZRvari moZRvaria, qveSevr-domi ki _ qveSevrdomi. daito qveSevr-domi iyo da amitom imperatorze qve-viT unda mjdariyo; imperatoris Seni-Svna swored amas exeboda.

rakiRa Cveni samyaro gonebis sam-yaroa, amitom masSi SeWris uflebasver mivcemT ̀ uazrobas~, anu iraciona-lur suls; da rakiRa imperatori gan-sxvavebulobis samyaroSi cxovrobda,mas, cxadia, ufleba hqonda ar eRiare-bina sxva samyaros arseboba mis sam-yaroze ufro maRla, ase rom, daito

imperatorze ufro dabla unda yo-filiyo. magram daitos misia ar gaxl-daT, rom imperators naTelxedvismiRwevaSi daxmareboda, da imperatorsrom mxolod Tavisi SexedulebiT ex-elmZRvanela, is verasdros dainaxav-da, rogor iWreba ganusxvaveblobissamyaro gansxvavebulobis samyaroSida masSi mkvidrdeba. imperatormanaTelxedvas miaRwia. is mixvda, romimperatoris dharma mxolod gansx-vavebulobis samyaros ekuTvnis da rommisi avtoriteti absoluturi dharmisyovlisganmwoni da, amavdroulad, yov-limmusvreli prezenciiTaa ganpiro-bebuli.

gansxvavebulobisa da ganusxvave-blobis amnairi, Tu SeiZleba ase iTq-vas, sruli Serwymis gageba SeuZlebe-lia, Tu kaci racionaluri azrovneb-is poziciaze dgas. es grZnobamiuwv-domlobis, `aCintiis~ samyaroa, ro-melic mxolod sulis winaSe ixsneba.imperatoris SeniSvna gansxvavebulo-bis samyaros Sedegi gaxldaT, da masSiara iyo ra miuwvdomeli, maSin rodesacdaitom ganusxvaveblobis samyaroSidaikava pozicia, da amitom misi cno-biereba sxva sibrtyes ekuTvnis. orivemerTnairi terminebi gamoiyena, magrammniSvnelobiT es ori sxvadasxva polu-si iyo. amrigad, Cven vxedavT, rom yve-la sityvas ori mniSvneloba aqvs: ra-cionaluri da irracionaluri goniv-ruli da sulieri, diferencirebulida aradifirencirebuli, fardobiTida absoluturi; amitom budizmi,rogorc amboben, Zneli gasagebia. ma-gram fxizeli da Zlieri gansxvavebu-lobis sulier WeSmaritebamde amaR-lebuli adamiani aRmoaCens, rom sak-maod advilia miapobde azris boboqariokeanis talRebs. daitos maxvilgoniv-rulma pasuxma, etyoba, garkveulwi-lad gaanaTla imperatori, rakiRa amisSemdeg aRar ewinaaRmdegeboda imaze,rom daito mis winaSe erTsa da imavedoneze mjdariyo. meorejer, daito-sTan saubrisas, imperatorma hkiTxa

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mas: vin aris is, vinc marto rCeba aTiaTasobiT saganTa Soris?~ es abso-lutze miniSnebaa, analizs rom areqvemdebareba da ganmartoebiT arse-bobs.

imperators rom bolomde gaego,ukanaskneli mondo masa da moZRvarsSoris gamarTul dialogSi, amnair Se-kiTxvas aRar dasvamda. etyoba, misgonebaSi kvlavac rCeboda raRac, sav-sebiT damakmayofilebeli rom ar Can-da misTvis, da amitom sruli ganaTle-ba sWirdeboda. magram moZRvarma pir-dapir rodi upasuxa, aramed Tavis uav-gustoes TanamosaubresTan erT don-eze, anu gansxvavebulobis samyaroSimyofma, mxolod msubuqad gaiqnia ma-rao, xelSi rom eWira, da Tqva: `sulcota xnis winaT vtkbebodi uzenaesisqarSi banaobiT.~ aq Cven gvaqvs poeturimoxsenieba gazafxulis mSvidi da msub-uqi niavisa, iseTsave siamovnebas romgvaniWebs yvelas, rogorsac mSvi-dobismoyvare xalxi brZeni, wrfeli dasulierad ganviTarebuli beladisa-gan. daitom absoluturi mdgomareo-bis sagazafxulo niavisa da misganmogvrili mSvidi siamis simbolod gam-oiyena Tavisi marao, da es siame uzen-aesis mowyalebas daukavSira.

magram sadaa mravlobiTobis gareSearsebuli absoluti? imperatorierTi absolutia, daito _ meore, amleqciis mkiTxveli ki _ mesame. abso-lutTa simravle, magram isini erTsa daimave absolutSi arian. gansxvavebu-loba ganusxvaveblobaSia, ganusxvave-bloba ki _ gansxvavebulobaSi. budiz-mis ZiriTadi ideaa dapirispirebulTasamyaros, gonebismieri gansxvavebu-lobiTa da emociuri dabinZurebiT Se-qmnili samyaros farglebs gareT gas-vla; esaa ganusxvaveblobis samyarosaRmoCena, rac gulisxmobs xedvis abso-luturi wertilis miRwevas. magram ab-soluti arafriT ar gansxvavdeba gam-ijnulobis samyarosgan, vinaidan saw-inaaRmdegos mtkiceba imis miniSnebaiqneboda,rom mas ganmasxvavebel

gonebas vupirispirebT, da, amrigad,Segveqmna kidev erTi oradoba.

rodesac ama Tu im absolutze vla-parakobT, Cven gvgonia, rom is, ro-gorc dapirispirebulTa uarmyofeli,gammijnav gonebas unda upirispirde-bodes. magram es faqtiurad imas niS-navs, rom dapirispirebulTa sam-yaroze daviyvanoT absoluti, racaucileblad moiTxovs ufro maRaliabsolutis cnebas, romelic iqnebarogorc erTis, ise meoris momcveli.mokled rom vTqvaT, absoluti dapir-ispirebulTa samyaroSia da gan-calkevebuli ar aris misgan. garegnu-lad es Sinagan winaaRmdegobas hgavs,da Cven ver SevZlebT amis gagebas, vi-dre gansxvavebulobis samyaroSi vrCe-biT. arc am samyaros farglebs gareTgasvla gviSvelis da arc masSi yofna.aqedan _ gonebrivi dilema, romlisgadaWrasac daJinebiT, magram amaodvcdilobT.

moZRvarma daitom swored am gare-moebaze migvaniSna. mTavarze krinticar dauZravs, mxolod marao gaiqnia dapoeturi formiT moixsenia uzenaesisiqvele. daitos dro ar daukargavsimis sacdelad, rom argumentis meSve-obiT daerwmunebina imperatori. rad-ganac icoda rom, Tu saerTod SeiZle-ba WeSmaritebis wvdoma, mxolod cx-ovrebis meSveobiT, romliTac yvela-ni vcxovrobT, uavgustoesi personac,da ara absolutze msjelobiT. daitomganzrax ar Camoagdo sityva `erTianerTze~, romelTanac imperators pira-di kontaqtis damyareba surda _ masar undoda msjelobis CveulebrivieniT waremarTa imperatoris azri: ̀ er-Tiani erTi marto unda darCes saku-Tar TavTan, ese igi, gansxvavebulobisada gamijnulobis gareSe, magram imav-droulad _ maTTan da maTSi. amis sai-lustraciod daitom yvelaze efeq-tur Jests mimarTa: ̀ absolutma _ er-Tianma erTma ara marto daiqnia moZ-Rvris marao, aramed is TviTonvea moZ-Rvaric, imperatoric da yvelaferi,

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rac gnebavT.~ es cxadyofs, rom budizmisa da,

faqtiurad, yvela religiis gasagebadgonebis farglebs unda gavcdeT.gonebis funqcia isaa, rom erTmaneTis-gan ganasxvavos `esa~ da `is~, gayos`erTi~ da ̀ ori~; amitom, roca gvWird-eba `erTi~ da ara `ori~, mis moxelTe-bas sxva raRaciT unda vcdilobdeT.magram es `erTi~ mxolod `orTan~ kav-SirSi miiwvdomeba da es kavSiri ar ni-Snavs imas, rom `erTi~ upirispirdeba`ors~, an mis mieraa ganpirobebuli.;winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, is aRar iqne-boda absoluti, aramed `oridan~`erTi~. `erTs~ `orSi~ unda mivakvli-oT, `orTan~ erTad da, imavdroulad,`oris~ gareSe, anu, sxva sityvebiT romvTqvaT, ganusxvavebloba gansxvavebu-lobaSi arsebobs, gansxvavebuloba kiganusxvaveblobaSi. ufro zustad dapiradad rom gamovTqvaT Cveni azri,gansxvavebuloba ganusxvaveblobaa,ganusxvavebloba ki _ gansxvavebulo-ba. es inteleqtis uaryofa, an gone-brivi qmediTobis Sewyveta ki araa,aramed cda _ uaryofa-mtkicebisgziT mivaRwioT am qmediTobis safuZ-vels. xolod am ormagi procesis xar-jze Tu SesZlebs goneba sakuTar TavsaRematos. amisod is verasdros verdaaRwevs Tavs winaaRmdegobaTa mis mi-erve moqsovil qsels.

qristianuli terminologiis moS-velebiT, Cven SegviZlia vTqvaT, romesaa sicocxle qristeSi adamianurisikvdilis xarjze, anu mkvdreTiTaRdgoma qristeSi. pavle mociquli am-bobs: `Tu qriste ar aRmdgara, amaoaCveni qadageba da amaoa Tqveni rwmen-ac~. aRdgomas win uswrebs sikvdili, daes aRdgoma gonebis ki ara, rwmenis meS-veobiT xorcieldeba. dapirispire-bulTa Serwyma, gansxvavebulobiTa daganusxvaveblobis TviTidenturobarwmenis, anu piradi cdisa da `prajni-aCaksu~-s (`transcendentaluri sibrZ-nis Tvali~) gaxeliT miiRweva (ekhar-tis mixedviT, `esaa Tvali, romliTac

RmerTi mWvrets~) Caksus ara aqvs arav-iTari konkretuli realoba xedvisobieqtis saxiT; roca amboben, rom isxedavs `amas da amas~, es `amas da amas~ara aris ra, Tu ara TviTon Tvali;ekharti ambobs:~ Cemi Tvali da RvTisTvali erTia, da mzec erTia; erTiamniSvnelobac da siyvarulic~.

rodesac Cven vlaparakobT xedvazegamijnulobis samyaroSi, es aqti ora-dobas badebs mxedvelobisa da xedvissagnis saxiT. es oradoba rom ara, ver-aviTari xedva ver iarsebebda am dapir-ispirebulobis, grZnobisa da gonebissamyaroSi. magram es ar aris sruli ga-naTlebis gza, ganaTlebisa, romelicekuTvnis gaumijnavobis samyaros, er-Tiani da TviTmyofi absolutis sav-anes. prajniaCaksus gaxela am absu-lutTan Sexebas, anu im mdgomareobismiRwevas niSnavs, sadac ̀ Cveni Tvali daRmerTis Tvali erTia~. amitomac araris sxvaoba, rom `es _ erTi Tvalia~.es absoluturi `erTi Tvali~ uferoada amitomac arCevs yvela fers. `imi-sTvis rom Cemi Tvali arCevdes ferebs,TviTon ufero unda iyos.~ prajniaCak-su ganurCevlobasa da ganusxvaveblo-bas ekuTvnis da amitom ver arCevsraime konkretuls. roca gamijnulo-baSi ar arsebobs da, imavdroulad,kidec arsebobs gamijnuloba, Cvensrul ganaTlebas vaRwevT.

princma setokum (princ-regenti593-622), xorZis monasteri rom daaar-sa narSi, mahaianas sami sutris komen-tarebi Seadgina: sidharma a pundarika-si, vimalakiritisa da Srimalasi. undaiTqvas, rom samiveSi xazgasmiT aRniS-nulia budistur gancdaTa gonebamiu-wvdomloba, SrimalaSi naTqvamia, rom`tathagata-garbha~ (`tathagatis wi-aRi~) mwviris aTasi feniTaa dafarulida, imave dros, umwikvlo rCeba. `tat-hagata-garbha~ wminda da ubiwo su-lieri samyaroa, romlisTvisac ucxoagamijnuloba, maSin rodesac biwierisamyaro _ azrisa da gamijnulobissamyaroa. is, rom es ori samyaro Tavi-

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si bunebiT erTmaneTisagan ganmxoloe-bulia da maTi gaerTianeba ar SeiZle-ba, adamianuri TvalsazrisiT, Tavis-Tavadac naTelia. magram sutrebi acx-adeben, rom wminda da ubiwo iTqmeba`garbha~-Si, maSin rodesac TviT `gar-bha~ umwikvlo rCeba. es marTlacyovelgvari gagebis unars aRemateba.magram roca gasagebi gaxdeba gansx-vavebulobisa da ganusxvaveblobisTviTgaigiveba, imasac gavicxadebT, Tura aris `garbha~, anu sferod, romel-Siac siwminde da biwi arsebobis cal-keuli formis saxiT avlenen Tavs. mxo-lod nu daiviwyebT, rom amnairi gage-ba SeuZlebelia gonebrivi qmediTobisdoneze da mxolod sulier sibrtyeSixdeba SesaZlebeli. am gagebas, Cveu-lebriv, rwmenas uwodeben. rwmenisa dacodnis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxiZalze rTulia, radgan Cvens umravle-sobas ar SeuZlia gazomos Cvenisulieri cxovrebis siRrme, cxovreb-isa, romelic `aCintiis~, gonebamiuwv-domlobis sauflos ekuTvnis. maSinbuda SeZlebs Seicnos meore buda. vi-dre Cveni naTelxilva ar miaRwevs imsiRrmes, rasac Tavisi naTelxilviTWvrets buda, Srimalas moZRvreba sam-udamod darCeba CvenTvis Svidi beWd-iT dabeWdil wignad.

ramdenadac vici, amasve gvaswavlisqristianuli cda: budisturi gonebam-axviloba Seesabameba RvTaebrivgamocxadebas, am raRac zebunebrivs,irracionalursa da sruliad miuwv-domels adamianis gagebisaTvis. amnai-ri gamoRviZeba ar gveRirseba manam,sanam logikuri jaWviTa varT Sek-rulni. RmerTi arasodes ar gamoecxa-deba racionalisturi ideebiT gate-nil gonebas: imitom ki ara, TiTqos isi-ni ar moswons, ara ubralod, is maTzemaRlaa. RmerTi yovelTvis mzadaamogvevlinos, magram Cven TviTonve ga-vurbivarT mas. RvTaebriv gamocxade-bas marTlac ar unda daeZebde saku-Tari ZalisxmeviT: is TavisiT, dau-patiJeblad gvewveva. RmerTi yovel-

Tvis CvenTanaa da CvenSia, magram Cveniadamianuri gagebisamebr Cvens gareTda Cvens pirispir vaTavsebT mas,TiTqos Cveni mopirdapire iyos, da Cve-ni gonebis mTel Zalas vaxmarT mas, romrogorme movixelToT igi. magramgamocxadebis Rirsni mxolod maSingavxdebiT, roca es adamianuri ZalamTlianad amoiwureba da ukan dagvrCe-ba rogorc egoizmi, ise gansxvavebu-lobis yvela idea.

Cven, budistebic da qristianebic,ase vTqvaT, gonebis sibrtyeSi vcx-ovrobT, yvelafers gonebriv gamoc-das vuqvemdebarebT, gonebis Zal-mosilebas vamtkicebT da, rogorc Cve-ni yuradRebis uRirss, ukuvagdebTyvelafers, risi gagebac gonebas arSeuZlia. Cveni sisulelis gamo isevemivdivarT budizmTan, rogorc qris-tianebi _ TavianT religiasTan. ma-gram, adre Tu gvian, yvelani iZule-bulni viqnebiT avkrifoT da Cveni ar-sebis sulier sakurTxevelze davdoTis, rac gadavyareT, vinaidan, cnobi-erad Tu aracnobierad, is yovelTvisiq iyo, e.i. tathagatis wiaRSi, rom-lisTvisac ucxoa gansxvavebuloba.roca gons mova, mTeli samyaro saku-Tari simaxinjiT, biwierebiT Tu sibil-wiT, uflis didebad warmoudgebaTvalwin. rodesac Citi galobs, CvenviciT, is uflis xmas gadmogvcems.roca budam oqros yvavili uCvena ma-hakaSiapas, man gaiRima, ratom? imitom,rom oriveni uflis umanko savaneSiiyvnen, romelic iseve gvekuTvnis Cven,rogorc amidas. am savaneSi saWiro araris araviTari sityva, yovelgvarikonceptualizmi qreba, radgan man,vinc icis, icis. imperatorma goZeim(1586-1616w.) am Temaze leqsi dawera:

`Rimilma maRla azida warbi.atmisaa es yvavili Tu alublisa?vis davekiTxoT?magram aravin rom ar icis?~ ganusxvaveblobis TvalsazrisiT,

aravin ar icis, Tumca yvelam icis.yvavili gaiwodes da viRacam gaiRima.

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TiTqmis aranairi urTierToba aryofila, magram or gonebas Soris, ety-oba, erTgvari kavSiri damyarda, dalogikuri msjelobis miRma mdebareraRac Seirxa, vinaidan mahakaSiapas Ri-mili martooden Rimili ki ar yofila,romliTac gansxvavebulobis sibr-tyeze vuRimiT xolme erTmaneTs;

ara, es Rimili misi bunebis uin-timures idumalebas ukavSirdeboda,sadac is, buda, da masTan erTad mTelixalxic moZraobs da cocxlobs. rocaes miiRweva, araviTari sityva aRararis saWiro. Cven gveZleva uSualo xe-dva imisa, rac adamianuri wvdomis uf-skrulis gadaRma mxaresaa. yvela CveniRimili grZnobebTanaa dakavSirebulida cnobierebis zedapirs exeba; isinisapnis buStebiviT Cndebian da qrebi-an, xolo kaSiapas Rimili Citis galo-baa, alublis yvaviloba, msubuqi niavi,Semodgomis foTlebs rom aSrialebs,misi klaknili wyaros CuxCuxi . ̀ gindaTicodeT, rogor miaRwioT ganaTle-bas?~ Zenis moZRvarma wixli kra ZaRlsda manac daiwkmutuna. sadac gagebaa, iqsaWiro ar aris araviTari komentari,xolo Tu gageba ar aris, araviTari ko-mentari ar iqneba damajerebeli.

miuwvdomels rom miswvde da arse-bobis saidumlo aRmoaCino, raciona-lurobis dilegs gaeqce, dapirispire-bulTa mxares gascde da cnobierebisufro maRal safexurs miaRwio, droisudroobas unda Caswvde, Tavis TavSirom Seicavs sivrcis usivrcobasac.ramdenjerac ar unda gavimeoroT:`mTeli Cveni mcdelobis miuxedavad _iqneb rogorme gavzomoT budas cod-nao~, mainc verasdros mivaRwevT war-matebas. sindharma-pundarikas erTiTavi _ `dRegrZelobisaTvis~ gvamc-nobs: ̀ gonebamiuRwevel SoreTSi me mi-vaRwie budas. srulqmnilebas da vcx-ovrob aq warmoudgenlad xangrZlividrois manZilze. me ukvdavi var~.

magram, gadmocemis Tanaxmad, Saki-amunim ganaTlebas miaRwia ucdaxuTisaukunis winaT, da rom mas Semdeg is

grifis mTaze qadagebs, uricxvimowafiT garSemortymuli. da Cven aq,iaponiis am Soreul konZulebzec, kigvesmis misi xma. es ori mtkiceba erT-maneTs ewinaaRmdegeba, rac yvelas Seu-Zlia dainaxos: rom Sakiamuni, ga-naTlebis Semdeg, grifis mTaze qad-agebda daaxloebiT oci saukuniswinaT, Tumca ganaTlebas manamdec kimiaRwia, vidre Cven mogvevlineboda,da am mTaze kvlavac ise energiuladqadagebs, rom Cven dResac uwinde-burad gvesmis misi xma.

amnairi winaaRmdegobebi ramdenicgnebavT, imdenia cxovrebis nebismier,ara marto gonebriv, aramed emociursferoSic. am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSiwinaaRmdegobani vlindebian SiSis,mRelvarebis, usiamovnebisa da sxvamisTanaTa saxiT. Cveni emociuri cx-ovreba ise mWidrodaa dakavSirebuligonebriv cxovrebasTan, rom maTi erT-maneTisagan ganmxoloeba ar SeiZleba,radgan cxovreba erTiania da ganuy-ofeli. goneba Tvlems, Tuki mas samo-qmedod ar aRZraven grZnobebSi, es uka-nasknelni ki gzas ver igneben gonebisSemweobis gareSe. gonebrivi ganaTle-ba, ese igi, mdgomareoba, romlis-Tvisac ucxoa yvela dilema, gons xelsuwyobs imaSi, rom simSvidesa da gare-momcvel sinamdvilesaTan harmoniulurTierTqmedebas miaRwios. roca ga-naTleba am stadias aRwevs, mas naTel-mosilebas uwodeben, romelic miuwv-domlis wvdomad da gaumijnaobis gam-ijvnad gvevlineba, rasac cnobierebisabsolutTan Sexeba agvirgvinebs. masuSiSrobis (abhaia) mdgomareobasacuwodeben, romelsac fesvebi kvanonis,avalokiteSvaras Tanamlmob gulSiaqvs gadgmuli.

dapirispirebulTa problemas yo-velTvis udides problemad miiCnevdayvela moazrovne goneba, yvela filo-sofosi Tu religiuri moZRvari. bud-istebi warbSeuxrelad Caebnen am prob-lemasTan sulierad Tavisebur Serki-nebaSi da garkveul gadawyvetilebam-

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de mividnen TavianTi moZRvrebis –aCintitis saxiT, romelic ugulvebe-lyofs azrs da gonebas, rac pozitiurenaze prajniaCaksus gaxsnas, anu ̀ mes~-s ufskrulSi danTqmas niSnavs,rogorc ityodnen Zen-budistebi. ma-gram es gadawyvetileba, garkveuliazriT, sulac araa gadawyvetileba,radganac miuwvdomloba (aCintia),rogorc logikasa da inteleqtis sf-eros miRmuri, yovelTvis miuwvdom-lobad rCeba. es gansakuTrebiT naT-lad vlindeba Zen budizmSi. misi mim-devrebi sakuTriv dapirispirebulTaarsebobis faqtis ubralo konstat-aciiT rodi kmayofildebian. isini ni-Cabs niCbad rodi ixseneben, cas _ cadda RmerTs _ RmerTad.

ratomao, roca hkiTxaven, pasuxadgetyvian, rom RmerTi aris RmerTi, ni-Cabi aris niCabi, xolo ca aris ca, dasruliadac ar cdiloben raime axsnamouZebnon am urTierTsapirispiromtkicebebs. budisturi moZRvreba,gadmocemuli vimalakirtiSi, mahaianasim erT-erT sutraSi, romlis komen-tarebic dawera princma setokum, _savsea amnairi winaaRmdegobebiT.problemis gadawyveta imaSi mdgomar-eobs, rom is gadauwyveteli rCeba, ma-gram budistebs miaCniaT, rom sworedamnairi gadauwyvetelobaa gadawyveta.roca moZRvari daito imperator go-daigos (1318-1339) Sexvda, romelicaseve eufleboda Zens, moZRvarma Tqva:` Cven aTasi kalpis win davSordiT erT-maneTs da, imavdroulad, wamiTac argavyofilvarT. yovelTvis ise vu-yurebT erTimeores, TiTqos arasdrosgvenaxos erTmaneTi.~

aq Cven igive idea gvaqvs, zemoxseneb-uli saddharma-pundarikaSi romgamoTqva TviT Sakiamunim. im istori-uli faqtis miuxedavad, rom man bud-dhagaiaSi ama da am dros miaRwianaTelmosilobas, is ambobs, rom sru-liad naTelmosili iyo jer kidev man-am, sanam Seiqmneboda samyaro. misinaTelmosilobis istoriul faqts

Cven, drois kategoriiT moiazrovneni,gonebis meSveobiT varegistrirebT,imitom, rom gonebas uyvars dayofa.dros is yofs wlebad, dReebad, saaTe-bad da istorias qmnis, maSin rodesacdroisTvis, istoriis miRma rom imale-ba, sruliad ucxoa imnairi xelovnuridayofa, rasac mas uqvemdebarebs ad-amiani. Cven nawilobriv am sivrcul-droul istoriaSi, ZiriTadad ki is-toriis miRmur sivrcesa da droSi vcx-ovrobT. adamianTa umravlesoba Cvenicxovrebis pirvel aspeqts aRiarebs daara meores. moZRvar daitos surs im-perators Seaxsenos yvela es Rrmagancda. aqedan _ misi paradoqsulimtkiceba.

ramdenadac budistisTvis ̀ aq~ aris`axla:, xolo `axla~ aris `aq~, droisidea sivrcezedac vrceldeba. is faq-ti, rom moZRvari da imperatori erT-maneTs uyurebdnen, drois, rogorcdayofadi usasrulobis cnebazea da-fuZnebuli. magram im TvalsazrisiT,romelic mxolod gaumijnavobis sf-eroSia SesaZlebeli, sadac adgili araaqvs drois araviTar dayofas da Seu-Zlia yovelgvari racionaluri msje-loba, istoriul faqtebs araviTarimniSvneloba ar eniWeba. sxva sityvebiTrom vTqvaT: ̀ me da Tqven wamiTac ar vy-ofilvarT erTad mTeli maradisobismanZilze~, anda, piriqiT: `mTeli dReTqvenTana var, magram arasdros vyo-filvar Tqvens sazogadoebaSi~. moZR-vari sagnebs ganixilavs gaumijnaobismiseuli TvalsazrisiT, risi gagebacimperatorma Tavdapirvelad ver SeZ-lo. arcerTi es movlena ar aris gasa-gebi, Tu masze Cveni yoveldRiuricdis mixedviT vismjelebT, sadac dom-inantobs racionaluri azrovneba.

budistebma unda SeZlon angariSiar gauwion droiT ganpirobebuli is-toriis egreTwodebul `faqtebs~, TusurT naTelmosilobas miaRwion daSakiamunis gverdiT dadgnen grifismTaze. mizezi, rac yoveldRiur cx-ovrebaSi gvaRizianebs da am gaRiz-

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ianebis Tavidan acileba ar SegviZlia,esaa Cveni gonebis umweoba _ gascdesTavis sakuTar farglebs. am SemTxveva-Si saWiroa seriozuli operacia, raTaCvens tvins zedmeti wanazardi Camova-SoroT. mTa ar aris mTa da mdinare araris mdinare, magram, amavdroulad,mTa aris mTa da mdinare aris mdinare.uaryofa mtkicebaa, mtkiceba ki uary-ofa. es sityvebis ubralo TamaSirodia. Tu yvelafers Cven sityvebisTamaSad aRviqvamT, yovelTvis goneb-is qmediTobis sferoSi davrCebiT daam Cixs Tavs ver davaRwevT. xolo vi-dre Citis tyveebi varT, gardasxe-ulebis borkilebs ver movicilebT.

amitom unda vaRiaroT, rom yovel-gvari SiSi, mSfoTvareba Tu mousven-roba, rasac am qveynad ganvicdiT, imi-Taa gamowveuli, rom ver gagvibedavsTamamad davinTqaT Cveni arsebisfarul siRrmeSi, Semdeg ki kvlav da-vubrundeT gansxvavebulobis si-brtyes, sadac ukve aRar arseboben Cve-ni mtanjveli problemebi. magram am-nairi danTqma da dabruneba ori sxva-dasxva aqti rodia, ara, danTqma dab-runebaa, dabruneba ki _ danTqma.

amrigad, budistebs mouwodeben,yovelnairad ecadon, rom sityvebisada sxva gonebrivi qmediTobis sxva nay-ofTa maxeSi ar amoyon Tavi, aramed yve-laferi ganixilon uzenaes doneze, sa-dac arasodes warmosTqvamen sityvebs,sadac mxolod yvavilebs uwvdian damahakaSiapasaviT uRimian erTmaneTs.magram sityvebi saWiroa imisTvis, rommaT farglebs gavcdeT, inteleqti ki-imisTvis, rom maTze avmaRldeT. Tanacam procesma `gaqcevis~ dualisturiformebi ar unda miiRos, radgan aqgaqceva SeuZlebelia.

axla ki ramdenime sityva unda vTq-vaT karmis Taobaze. adamianTa ube-durebas is ganapirobebs, rom isinikarmasTan arian dakavSirebulni. yove-li Cvengani dabadebisTanave Tan da-aTrevs gardasuli karmis mZimetvirTs, ris gamoc is Cveni sakuTari

arsebobis nawilad gvevlineba. iapo-niaSi am termins cud saqciels ukav-Sireben, cud adamianebze ki amboben,rom maT kisrad awevT gardasuli kar-mis simZime. magram am terminis piradimniSvneloba `moqmedebaa~, da amasTandakavSirebiT adamianTa qcevas qvel,cud da neitralur qcevebad yofen. amazriT, adamianebi karmis mqone erTad-erTi arsebebi arian. yvela danarCeniarseba Tavisi arsis kanonTa Sesabamis-ad moqmedebs, magram mxolod adami-anebs SeuZliaT, Seadginon TavianTimoqmedebis gegma, gaTvalon da gaicno-bieron TavianTi saqcieli. Cven, adami-anebi, cxovelTa erTaderTi saxeobavarT, TviTSegnebis unariT dajil-doebulni, anu paskalis sityvebiT romvTqvaT, adamiani ̀ moazrovne lerwmad~unda migvaCndes. azrovnebis, mudmiviazrovnebis xarjze CvenSi viTardebaxedvis, varaudisa da winaswari dageg-mvis unari, rac imas mowmobs, rom Cve-ni xvedria Tavisufleba da yovelTvisrodi varT bunebis `garduvali kanon-ebiT~ Sekrulni.

amitom karma, Cveni moqmedebis eseTikuri Sefaseba, mxolod adamianeb-Si vlindeba. faqtobrivad, rogorc kivibadebiT, Cveni karmac maSinve gvier-Tdeba. Cven ara marto garemoculnivarT Cvenive karmiT, aramed kidevacviciT es. iqneba jobda gveTqva: CvenavarT karma, karma ki _ raca varT Cven.yvelas gvesmis es faqti, da, imave dros,TviT faqti, rom Cven gvesmis karmissimZime, es kacobriobis sulier priv-ilegiad gvevlineba. es privilegia,romelic Tavis TavSi Seicavs Tavisu-flebas, imasa niSnavs, rom Cven Segvi-Zlia karmaze maRla davdgeT. undagvaxsovdes, rom Tavisufleba da kar-misagan damoukidebloba brZolasacgulisxmobs da pasuxismgeblobasac;brZola ki, rogorc Tavisuflebis re-zultati, tanjvas niSnavs. sadac araris tanjva _ Sedegi imisa, rom CvenSegnebuli gvaqvs karmis simZime, iq Se-uZlebelia mivaRwioT sulier gamoc-

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dilebas, rasac iqiTken mivyavarT, sa-dac iSleba yovelgvari gansxvaveba.

vidre gadaWriT ar ganvwyobilva-rT satanjvelad, ver davtkbebiT imsulieri privilegiiT, adamianur arse-bebs rom gveboZa. mTeli sirTuliTunda visargebloT tanjviT da mivi-RoT karmis monoba imdenad, ramdena-dac is vrceldeba, Tamamad da warb-Seuxrelad SevegeboT yovelgvar tan-jvas da amrigad movipovoT imis ufle-ba, rom maTze maRla davdgeT. karmisproblemaSi Cven kvlav vawydebiTwinaaRmdegobas, romlis seriozulo-bac gansakuTrebiT izrdeba imis Sede-gad, rom is TviT sicocxlesTanaadakavSirebuli: es sikvdil-sicocxliswinaaRmdegobaa. vidre racionaluriazrovnebis sibrtyeze vrCebiT, erTx-ans SegviZlia yuradReba ar mivaqcioTmas, TiTqos CvenTvis sasicocxlo mniS-vneloba ara hqondes. magram roca si-cocxlis yvelaze Rrma aspeqts exebasaqme, maSin misi ugulvebelyofa aseadvilad ar SegviZlia. Tu karma TviTadamianis sicocxlea da ar arsebobsmisgan Tavdaxsnis sxva gza, garda sic-ocxlisagan Tavis daxsnisa, rac TviT-ganadgurebas niSnavs, gana SeiZlebasaerTod arsebobdes ganTavisufle-ba? ganTavisuflebis gareSe ki SeuZle-belia yovelgvari sulieri cxovreba.Cven ar SegviZlia mudmivad vitanjebo-deT, rogoric ar unda iyos Tanamed-rove adamianis bedi.

martooden karmis Secnoba sulacar aris ufro meti, vidre Tavad gada-Sveba jojoxeTis alSi. mTeli Cveniborotebis miuxedavad, RmerTi armogvisjida amas. gana imaSi, rom CvenvaRiarebT karmas, bolos da bolos, araris raRac iseTi, rac misgan dagvixs-nis? magram am SemTxvevaSi erTi aSkar-ad upirispirdeba meores. Cven vxe-davT, rom Tavdayira gadaveSviT adami-anuri bedis maradiul morevSi. karmiswinaaRmdegobaa, ramdenadac is winaaR-mdegoba, iseve unda iqnes gadaWrili,rogorc misi oreulis _ gonebis

winaaRmdegoba. am gonebrivi winaaRm-degobis gadaWra imis Sedegad xdeba,rom Cven SevdivarT im sferoSi, rom-lisTvisac ucxoa gansxvavebuloba:ase, karmis winaaRmdegoba ukarmobissferoSi SesvliT unda gadaiWras. kimagram, sad aris es sfero? iq, sadacCven daviwyeT karmis Secnoba, rogorcyovelgvari adamianuri moqmedebissafuZvlisa.

amis gageba gviCvenebs Tavisufleb-is gzas. TviTgankiTxvisa Tu TviTSe-fasebis adamianuri privilegiac gan-Tavisuflebis gasaRebia. swored imit-om, rom TviTSefasebis wyalobiT Seg-viZlia SevafasoT Cveni saqcieli, nebagveZleva CavxedoT im sferos, rom-lisTvisac ucxoa yvela amgvari adami-anuri msjeloba da romelSiac karmaerwymis ukarmobas, ukarmoba ki _ kar-mas. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, rakiadamianebi varT, versad wavuvalT kar-mas, radgan Cven karma varT; amitomacyvelgan Cveni sakuTari CrdiliviTdagvdevs Tan, magram swored es gva-Zlevs imis saSualebas, rom Tavi davaR-wioT Cvens mdevnels, ese igi, masze maR-la davdgeT. Cveulebriv, Cven gvTr-gunavs karmis simZimis Segneba, racgamoxatulebasac poulobs sulisswrafvaSi _ Cvensave Tavze avmaRl-deT da srulqmnilebis miRwevis, an, Tues SesaZlebelia, ganwmendis gziT mi-vuaxlovdeT RmerTs.

racionaluri azrovnebis eniT Sei-Zleba iTqvas, rom karmuli monobismkafio Segneba SeuZlebelia sxva rameiyos, garda meditaciis mdgomareo-bisa; magram gulis siRrmeSi Cven vgr-ZnobT, rom am SegrZnebas gacilebiTufro Rrmad gaudgams fesvi da is da-sabams iRebs Cveni `me~-s uidumalesisiRrmidan, `me~-si, romelic raciona-lurad unda ukavSirdebodes imas, racsakuTar farglebs miRma gadis. imasacvgrZnobT, rom Cveni brZola karmasTanam raRac miuwvdomeliTaa nakarnaxevi,iseve, rogorc TviT meditacia sxva araaris ra, Tu ara misi anarekli. es faq-

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tori rom ara, CvenTvis ucxo iqnebodaswrafvac, brZolac, tanjvac da yo-velgvari mwuxarebac. amrigad, karmisSegneba yovelTvis Sinagan impul-sTanaa dakavSirebuli: am impulsisgareSe, romelic adamianis gulSi aRiZ-vris, arc karmis Segneba iqneboda CvensgonebaSi; mxolod amis wyalobiT vic-iT, rom karma ukarmobas ukavSirdeba;swored ukarmobaa , ase jiutad rom mi-iwevs karmis sferoSi, ris Sedegadac amukanasknels aborgebs da aRizianebs.ai, ratom vambob, rom karmis monobisSegneba misgan Tavdaxsnis gzas xsnis:TviT Cveni saSineli sulieri tanjvaaimis sawindari, rom, bolos da bolos,masze maRla davdgebiT. budisturicdis TvalsazrisiT, tanjva Tavdaxs-naa, karma ki _ ukarmoba.

karmuli monobis Segneba da misganTavdaxsnis cda locvaSi vlindeba.logikis TvalsazrisiT, locva winaaR-mdegobis kidev erTi saxea, radganacis mowmobs, rom adamiani uars ambobsmorCilad misdios bunebis gzas: loc-va mxolod adaminisTvisaa niSneuli.cxovelebi ar loculoben; arc an-gelozebi da RmerTi. martooden ad-amiani loculobs, radganac grZnobs,rom SeuZlia Tavis Tavze maRla dadg-es, Tumca gulubryvilad ki natrobsamas. rac Seexeba bunebas, is Tavis sak-uTar gzas misdevs da angariSs ar uw-evs adamianis survilebs, imedebs damiswrafebebs. is gvklavs, roca sxeuliamowuravs misTvis mizomil arsebobisyvavils; is aTasgvar sneulebiTgvsjis, roca uars vambobT mis mier mi-Cenil gzas mivsdioT. am mxriv, is ul-mobelia. magram adamianuri Tval-sazrisiT, Cven gulmxurvaled vcdi-lobT da sneulis gankurnebas veve-drebiT RmerTs, Tumca Cveni samedici-no da, saerTod, mecnieruli codnadabejiTebiT gvimtkicebs, rom es Seu-Zlebelia.

iqneb es adamianuri sisustea, met-ic, adamianuri sisulele, magram ad-amianisTvis savsebiT bunebrivia Wmu-

navdes da wuxdes, roca xedavs, rommisi TanamoZmeni tkivilisagan itanje-bian, risi Semsubuqebis Zalac mas arSeswevs. erTaderTi, rac am SemTxveva-Si SegviZlia, esaa locva. magram vismimarT, an ris mimarT unda vilocoT?ar viciT, magram vloculobT, anu, sxvasityvebiT rom vTqvaT, gvinda bunebamsakuTari gezi Secvalos, rac yovel-Tvis egoistur impulsze rodia damok-idebuli. es, ra Tqma unda, irraciona-luria da swored amitom vambobT, romlocva sulieri cxovrebis gzas gvixs-nis, da bolos da bolos, sadac karmaar aris karma, xolo ara-karma karmaa.vimeoreb: karma gamudmebiT gvTr-gunavs, magram Cvenc gamudmebiT vcdi-lobT masze avmaRldeT. es cda, esswrafva imisken, rom karmis farglebsgavcdeT, uSualod ukavSirdeba Cvenssulier bunebas. amitom locva, amswrafvis sinonimi, religiuri cxovre-bis arss Seadgens. locvas, rogorcCans, arc ise didi sargebloba moaqvsadamianisTvis, magram, asea Tu ise, isadamianis bunebis yvelaze arsebiT mx-ares exeba, radganac, saboloo anga-riSiT, swored locva aSorebs adami-anis yovelgvar mwikvls, mTlianadwmends da aseve mTlianad aTavisu-flebs karmis Segnebisagan. karmisganase ganTavisuflebuli guli TviTukarmobaa. magram ar unda daviviwyoT,rom guli, romelic Tavis Tavs ukar-mobasTan aigivebs, arasdros ar Cnde-ba am mdgomareobaSi, radganac guli,romelic ar aris karma, adamianis guliar aris. ukarmobis mdgomareobas rommiaRwevs, guli kvlav Zvel mdgomare-obas ubrundeba da adamianis bunebi-sTvis Cveul tanjvas ganicdis. absu-luturi TviTgaigivebis mdgomareoba-Si myofi es guli, erTsa da imave dros,karmacaa da ara-karmac.

kargad cnobili budisturi mtkice-ba, cxovreba tkivili da tanjvaao(dukha), pesimizmis gamoxatulebad arunda migvaCndes. cxovreba rom tki-vili da tanjvaa, faqtis ubralo kon-

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stacia gaxlavT, da mTeli Cveni su-lieri cxovreba, budisturic da qris-tianulic, swored amiT iwyeba. sinamd-vileSi egreTwodebuli sulieri ganc-da sxva ara aris ra, Tu ara tkivilisgancda, mxolod ufro maRal sib-rtyeze, vidre SegrZnebis sibrtyea.visac tkivilis gancda ar SeuZlia, ve-rasdros aRemateba sakuTar Tavs. yve-la religiuri adamiani mTeli sicocx-lis ganmavlobaSi tkivils ganicdis.buda, ambobs vimalakirti, avadaa imi-tom, rom yvela cxoveli arseba avadaa.Tu Cven avadmyofobis alyaSi varT mo-mwyvdeuli, mTeli Cveni sulierebismiuxedavad, ranairad davaRwevT Tavsavadmyofobas? didi Tanamlmobelisguli yovelTvis cnobieri Tu aracno-bieri TanamoZmeebis gulTan erTadfeTqavs. axla Cven vxedavT, rom karmismonobisgan TavdasaRwevad is unda aRi-aro cxovrebiseuli cdis faqtad, ma-gram imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom esmonoba sinamdvileSi ar exeba Cveni ar-sebobis farul siRrmes, romelic amdualizmze maRla dgas.

es idea gamoxatulebas poulobsTviTgaigivebis budistur logikaSi,romelic amtkicebs, rom karma arisara-karma, ara-karma ki _ karma. iq, sa-dac mbrZaneblobs dualizmi, amnairilogika miuRebelia, Tumca dualizmi,faqtiurad, SesaZlebelia mxolod iq,sadac dasaSvebia TviTgaigivebis lo-gikis WeSmariteba. amitomac budizmsSemoaqvs TviTgaigivebis logika, rad-ganac miaCnia, rom is absoluturadaucilebelia misi moZRvrebis gasage-bad, romlis arsic budas srulyo-filebis miRwevaa. dayofa gonebissaqmea, da iq, sadac misi qmediTobadominantobs, yovelTvis oradobasTangvaqvs saqme.magram ramdenadac sworedoradoba qsovs karmis qsels, romelSi-ac Cveni uyuradRebobis gamo vebmebiT,budizmi daJinebiT moiTxovs raciona-luri azrovnebis uaryofas; da racyvelaze arsebiTia, rogorc araerTx-el aRminiSnavs, budizmi upirobod kiar uaryofs racionalur azrovnebas

da yovelive imas, rac dakavSirebuliamasTan, aramed im pirobiT, rom is TavissaTanado funqcias iZens mxolod masSemdeg, rac mTlianad SemoiZarcvavsiluziebsa da crurwmenebs, ese igi, masSemdeg, rac mokvdeba Tavisi Tavi-saTvis.

gonebis mier Seqmnili erT-erTiiluzia is gaxlavT, rom mas Tavisufa-li hgonia Tavi da amitom TiTqos arCe-vanis ufleba aqvs. sicocxled wodebu-li materiis mTlian qsovils nawile-bad rom daWris, goneba cdilobs gam-oikvlios isini da ase hgonia, TiTqosSeiZleba SeaerTo es nawilebi da orig-inalis reproducireba moaxdino. isacxadebs, rom amnairi dayofa da kvlavSeerTeba misi privilegiaa,misi sixaru-li da Tavisufleba. magram gonebis sa-Tanado statusze adamianuri cxovre-bis sqemaSi araferi ar moqmedebs asedamRupvelad, radganac gonebisaTvisdayofis miseuli unari sinamdvileSiTviTmkvlelobas niSnavs. goneba mxo-lod TviTmkvlelobis Semdeg aRwevsTavisuflebas. meore sapirispirosarCeva ar aris Tavisufleba, am sityvisWeSmariti gagebiT; imisaTvis, romTavisufali iyos, adamiani absolu-turad araviTar dabrkolebas ar undaawyobdes Tavis gzaze, araviTariazriT; Tavisufleba absolutur da-moukideblobas niSnavs.

gonebisaTvis analizi, mis oreul-Tan _ sinTezTan erTad, sicocxlea;magram es analizi da sinTezi SezRud-vas niSnavs, radganac muSaoba garkve-ul masalas da momuSaves moiTxovs.msjeloba erT sagans meores upiri-spirebs, dapirispireba ki TviTSez-Rudvaa, Tavisuflebisa da damoukide-blobis dakargva. ranairi Tavisuf-lebiTac ar unda sargeblobdes gone-ba saganTa simravlidan ama Tu im sagn-is amosarCevad, es mainc absoluturiki ara, SezRuduli Tavisuflebaa. xo-lo Tu Tavisufleba absoluturi araris, sulisTvis mudam ucxo iqnebasimSvide da bedniereba. mxolod TviT-gaigivebis budistur logikas SeuZlia

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mianiWos suls is, rac mas surs, orad-obisa da yovelive imis gadalaxvis xar-jze, rac oradobas ukavSirdeba.

amrigad, goneba rodi gvaTavisu-flebs karmuli monobis Segnebisagan.yvelaferi, rasac goneba akeTebs su-lieri TavisuflebisTvis, imaze daiy-vaneba, rom is gvixatavs momavaliTavisuflebis bundovan suraTs, racodnavadac ver amxnevebs suls. magrammas ar SeuZlia cxadad xedavdes Tavi-si ganTavisuflebis gzas. me vTqvi _`ver amxnevebs~-meTqi, magram, albaT,umjobesi iqneboda meTqva, rom guliufro met Wmunvas ganicdis: is raRacasxedavs win, magram, amasTan, arafrisgansazRvra ar SeuZlia. gaucnobiere-blobiT gamowveuli es gancda goneba-Si airekleba, Tavdauzogavad rom cdi-lobs gadawyvitos `miuwvdomlis wv-domis~ problema.

axla ismis seriozuli kiTxva: rode-sac karma ukarmobas uigivdeba, xologansxvaveba sikeTesa da borotebasSoris qreba, xom ar niSnavs es zneobrivanarqias da adamianTa sazogadoebisdezorganizacias?~ TviT budizmi amSemTxvevaSi TviTgaigivebis miseullogikasTan erTad qreba. roca aRariqneba karma _ kargi, cudi Tu nei-traluri _ aRar iqneba bunebrivi faq-toric, romelmac pasuxi unda agosTavis qcevaze. karmis doqtrina,budizmis Tanaxmad, mizezobriobiszneobrivi kanonis doqtrinaa, racgulisxmobs zneobriv wesrigs adamian-Ta sazogadoebaSi. fizikuri samyarodaiqceva, Tu gavauqmebT mizezobrio-bis kanons. igive iTqmis zneobriv sam-yarozec, sadac, amave kanonis mixed-viT, qveli qceva xels uwyobs mTeli sa-zogadoebis bednierebas, TviT am qve-li individis CaTvliT, maSin rodesacproblema mniSvnelovnad amRvrevssaerTo bednierebas da sagrZnob ziansayenebs sxvebs.

budistebs moZRvreba `zneobrivimizezobriobis~ Sesaxeb, ra Tqma unda,rogorc zneobrivi, ise sulieri cx-ovrebis yvelaze mniSvnelovan sax-

elmZRvanelod miaCniaT, da roca misiignorireba xdeba, araviTari budizmiaRar arsebobs, TviTgaigivebis miseu-li logikis miuxedavad (zneobriv miz-ezobriobad budistebi gulisxmobenimas, rom kargi, cudi Tu neitralurisaqcieli Tavisebur zemoqmedebas ax-dens mis Camdenze. kargi adamianebibednierebi arian, cudebi ki _ ubed-urni. magram umetes SemTxvevaSi `bed-niereba~ gagebulia ara zneobrivi Tusulieri azriT, aramed materialurikeTildReobis, socialuri mdgomare-obisa Tu politikuri gavlenianobismniSvnelobiT. ase magaliTad, mefobamiCneulia imis sazRaurad, rom adami-ani erTgulad emsaxureboda sikeTissaqmes da ganuxrelad icavda aTsavsiqveles. Tu adamiani tragikulad iR-upeba, es imas niSnavs, rom Tavis wina si-cocxleTa manZilze boroteba Caidi-na, Tumca bolo sicocxleSi SeiZlebasiqvelis gansaxiereba yofiliyo.)

SeiZleba Tu ara Cveni praqtikulicxovrebis Tvalsazrisidan gamom-dinare iTqvas, rom iq, sadac ar arisaraviTari budizmi, sinamdvileSibudizmi gvaqvs? gind es giTqvams dagind is, rom sicocxlis uaryofa misidamkvidrebaa, anda sicocxlis TviT-mkvlelobiT dasruleba imas niSnavs,rom sicocxlis mTeli sisruliT co-cxlobde. TviTgaigivebis logikisTanaxmad winaaRmdegoba sinamdvileSiSeiZleba arc iyos winaaRmdegoba, ma-gram rogor gamoviyenoT es mtkicebayoveldRiur cxovrebaSi da, amrigad,mivaRwioT bednierebas, am sityvis yve-laze maRali gagebiT? Cven SeiZlebaramdenic gnebavT, imdeni vilaparakoTimaze, rac TiTqos karmis, mizezobri-obis, cxovrebis miRmuria, magram Sei-Zleba Tu ara raime pragmatuli azriCavdoT am aSkarad uazro mtkicebaSi?axla swored am sakiTxs davuTmoTyuradReba.

rodesac xiakuZe ekaim, Zenis erT-erTma yvelaze saxelganTqmulma moZR-varma, tanis epoqaSi rom cxovrobda,Tavisi morigi qadageba daasrula, mas-

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Tan mivida erTi berikaci, romelicregularulad eswreboda mis qadage-bebs da hkiTxa: `kaSiapasa da budasdros, uricxvi kalpis winaT, me aq, ammTaze vcxovrobdi da erTxel erTmamowafem mkiTxa: `vrceldeba Tu aramizez-Sedegobriobis, ese igi, zneo-brivi mizezobriobis kanoni naTel-mosilze?~ me vupasuxe: ̀ ara~-meTqi, daam pasuxis gamo davisaje: dRemde aqvcxovrob melas saxiT. xom ver gamcemswor pasuxs, rom am saxisagan gavTa-visuflde? vrceldeba Tu ara mizez-Sedegobriobis kanoni naTelmosil-ze?~ moZRvarma miugo: ̀ is ar ugulebe-lyofs mizezs da Sedegs~. adamianma-melam naTelmosilebas da ganTavisu-flebas miaRwia. meore dRes moZRvar-ma berikacis mier mitovebuli melasdamarxvis rituali aRasrula.

am ambis mniSvneloba aseTia: naTel-mosili nebas aZlevs moralursa Tumizezobriobis kanons Tavis gzas mi-hyves, ese igi emorCileba, magram TavisTavs rodi acalkevebs misgan; is verav-iTar gansxvavebas ver poulobs masa dasakuTar Tavs Soris, ris SedegadacTviT am kanonad iqceva. roca xiakuZeambobs, rom naTelmosili ar ugulebe-lyofs mizezs da Sedegs, is imasve gu-lisxmobs rac, aq mogaxseneT. berikac-ma ki, piriqiT, kanoni gaicalkeva, rad-ganac egona, TiTqos arsebobs gareSefaqtori, mizezad da Sedegad, anu miz-ezobrivad saxeldebuli, qveli Tuaraqveli qcevis Sesabamisad rom mo-qmedebs masze. ver Seegno, rom Tvi-Tonve iyo moraluri faqtoric dakanonic; rom kanoni misi qcevis ganu-yofeli nawili iyo, TviTon ki _ kanon-mdebeli. egona, TiTqos naTelmosile-ba imas niSnavda, rom kanonisagan ga-eTavisuflebina Tavi, raTa is saerTodaRar Sexeboda mas. misi azriT, es iyo`mizezisa da Sedegisagan gacla~. xia-kuZe TviTgaigivebis Teoriis momxreiyo, berikaci ki dualisti gaxldaT.

mokled rom vTqvaT, adamiani Sei-Zleba SevadaroT geometriulwertils, romelSiac erTmaneTs erwy-

mis Tu kveTs sami xazi: fizikur-bune-brivi, inteleqtualur-moraluri dasulieri. wertili _ adamiani SeiZle-ba acnobierebdes samive am xazs, magramara intensivobisa da koordinaciisTanabari xarisxiT. dualistebi, CvensyoveldRiur cxovrebaSi CarTuli yve-la adamianis CaTvliT, erTgvari cal-mxrivobiT scodaven, amitom sagnebiTsagangebo xazgasmiT gamoyofen fizi-kur-bunebriv cxovrebas, magram, imav-droulad, arc is SeuZliaT, rom mTli-anad ugulebelyon sulieri cxovreb-is moTxovnebi. isini Sua gzaze Cerde-bian da wamdauwum xan erTi mxriskenixrebian, xan meorisken, magram maT arSeuZliaT sulier xazze gadasvla,radganac dualistebi, Cveulebriv, imxazze rCebian, Tavidanve rom airCies,miuxedavad amisa, gamudmebiT igrZno-ba Sinagani impulsi, rac aiZulebsgonebas Tavis Tavs aRematos. is impul-si imis niSania, rom goneba CamodisTavisi xazidan, raTa sulieri xazisak-en gadainacvlos. gonebis mxriv, esTviTmkvlelobaa, magram mas swored esmoeTxoveba.

gadanacvleba gadamwyveti xasaTisunda iyos, rac savsebiT aSkaraa am mov-lenis bunebasTan dakavSirebiT. magramgadanacvlebis es procesi, mkacradrom vTqvaT, erTi statiidan meorezegadasvlas rodi gulisxmobs, rasacSeiZleba nabij-nabij gavadevnoT Tva-li sivrcesa da droSi, radganac imwamsve, rogorc ki inteleqtualur-moralur xazs tovebs, adamiani suli-er xazze gadadis. araviTari gradacia,araviTari graduirebuli progresia;esaa naxtomi, anazdeuli gadasvla,dayofadi uwyvetoba. inteleqtu-alur-moraluri xazi xelaxla veRarSeuerTdeba fizikur-bunebriv xazs,radganac misgan gadaixara, da es gada-xra specifikuri Taviseburebaa. mx-olod sulier xazs SeuZlia SeuerT-des fizikur-bunebriv xazs da aiZu-los es ukanaskneli axali mniSvnelo-ba SeiZinos adamianis cxovrebaSi.

zogierTs hgonia, TiTqos sulieri

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xazi SeiZleba ise Sors wavides, romfizikur-bunebriv xazTan iqnesgaigivebuli. rac am ukanasknels es-oden mkveTrad ganasxvavebs, esaa misipasiuroba, absoluturi morCilebamizez-Sedegobriobis kanonis mimarT.roca tyes grigali gadauvlis, xeebitydebian da yvela suldgmuli nad-gurdeba, motexili xeebi ar drtvi-naven da arc gamanadgurebeli Zalebiganicdian sixaruls. erTnica da meo-renic mxolod bunebis uzenaes mbrZa-neblobas emorCilebian. Cvens suliercxovrebaSic raRac amdagvari xdeba.egreT wodebuli RvTivbunebrivi nebamogvdgeba da Cvenc usityvod vemor-CilebiT mas; sulieri adamiani ukmay-ofilebas ar gamoxatavs. `iyos nebaSeni~ sakiTxis mTel arss avlens, abso-luturi damokidebulebisa Tu abso-luturi inertulobis arss, rac Cvengvarwmunebs imaSi, rom fizikur-bune-brivi xazi sulier xazs emTxveva. ma-gram, miuxedavad amisa, arsebobs ra-Rac, gadaWriT rom acalkevebs erT-maneTisgan suliersa da bunebrivs, anuadamians _ yvela danarCeni qmnilebi-sagan, Cveni valia am ̀ raRacis~ wvdoma,Tu gvsurs imis Rirsi viyoT, rom ad-amianis saxeli gverqvas. es niSnavs, romaqtiurad, sisxlsavse cxovrebiTvcxovrobdeT da vesislxorcebodeTTviTgaigivebis budistur logikas.

sulierad naTelfenili kaci, ammxriv, inertulia RvTis nebis mimarT,romelic, budistebis eniT rom vTq-vaT, mizez-Sedegobriobis kanonad gve-vlineba. is marTlac ar ̀ Crdilavs~ mas,ese igi, ar ugulebelyofs am kanons,magram arc mis gavlenas eqvemdebare-ba, Tumca ara im azriT, ra azriTac es-moda es sakiTxi zemoxsenebul adamian-melas. is mxolod Tavis Tavs mixedavs,yovelgvari zrunvisa Tu SiSis gareSe,WeSmaritebis Rrma rwmeniT, romelicTavis TavSi aRmoaCina, Tumca TviTon-ve rodi Seuqmnia. amrigad, is, garkveu-li azriT, inertulia, meore mxriv ki_ zRvrulad qmediTi, radganac Tvi-Tonvea Tavisi Tavis mbrZanebeli. mi-

uxedavad imisa, rom am mbrZaneblobiswyaroa raRac, mis gareSe rom arsebobs,_ is uflebamosilia sakuTari neba-surviliT iyenebdes mas, ese igi, isesargeblobdes am raRaciT, TiTqos arsargeblobs. es gansazRvravs qmediTinertulobas Tu inertul-qmedi-Tobas. ori urTierTsapirispiro cne-ba erTiandeba da erTmaneTs uigivdebamis cxovrebaSi, romelic TviTgaigive-bazea dafuZnebuli.

roca saqme exeba imas, rom sakiTxma`ar daeqvemdebaro an ar daCrdilo~ufro advilad sawvdomi forma mi-iRos, _ msjelobis Semdegi xazi Sei-Zleba sasargeblo aRmoCndes mizez-Sedegobrivi budisturi Tvalsazri-sis Sesabamisad. roca mwifdeba auci-lebeli piroba, movlena pirobisagandamoukideblad xdeba. mze yvelas un-aTebs: keTilTac da ukeTurTac. kano-ni Tanabrad vrceldeba yvelaze: na-Telfenilebzedac aranaTelfenileb-zedac, radganac, Tavisi bunebiT, kano-ni Tanabrad unda marTavdes rogorczneobriv, ise fizikur samyarosac. ka-nonis maformirebeli goneba raciona-lur azrovnebas moiTxovs da irraci-onalurobis daSveba ar SeuZlia. rag-ind keTilic ar unda iyos adamiani,misi zneobrivi (anu sulieri) Tvisebe-bi ver daixsnian kanonisagan. rocawvims, is yvela sxva adamianiviT undadasveldes. mizez-Sedegobriobis ka-noni racionaluradaa formirebuligonebis wesdebis Sesabamisad, rom-lebic brZenzedac ki vrceldebian,radganac maTi Zala rogorc fizikur,ise sulier samyaroSic moqmedebs.

suls ar SeuZlia gonebis uaryofa.mas mxolod is SeuZlia, rom gonebazeamaRldes, im gagebiT, rom masmmarTvelobis sakuTari sfero aqvsgonivruli sferos farglebSi; da vi-dre iq wesrigs inarCunebs, is ver xe-davs mis irgvliv Semoweril saz-Rvrebs. rogorc sakuTari Tavis ba-ton-patroni, suli iyenebs gonebrivSezRudvebs da maTi meSveobiT avlensTavis Tavs, ise, rom interpretaciis

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uflebas itovebs. is, ueWvelad, gansx-vavebulobis samyaros ekuTvnis da,imavdroulad, masze maRla dgas: su-lieri samyaro, erTsa da imave dros,gansxvavebulobis samyarocaa da ga-nusxvaveblobisac, ris Sedegadac kar-ma arc aris da kidevac aris karma. ismizezobriobis Tavis Cveul mniSvne-lobas inarCunebs, magram Tu ganusx-vaveblobis TvalsazrisiT ganvix-ilavT, mas kargad veRar miviCnevT. am-itom naTelfenilze karma iseve rodimoqmedebs, rogorc aranaTelfenilze.es ukanaskneli jer kidev ar ekuTvnissulier samyaros da ar SeuZlia karmissimZimis qveS gminavdes. naTelfenil-sac aqvs Tavisi karma, magram iseatarebs mas, rom mis simZimes veragrZnobs: naTelfenili mTlianad ic-nobierebs karmas. ver vityviT, TiTqosnaTelfeniloba karmisgan aTavisu-flebs adamians; ara, mas mxolod kar-mis Tavisufali da damoukidebeligziT mihyavs igi, karmisa, romelic,imavdroulad, ar aris karma. faqti-urad ar arsebobs ori ganmxoloebulisamyaro _ karmisa da naTelfenilo-bisa. aris mxolod erTi samyaro, ro-melic Seicavs karmasac da naTelfeni-lobasac, fizikur-bunebrivisa dasulier-zebunebrivis erTianoba. ami-tom, roca zars Camohkraven, is rekavsda Cven yvelas, naTelfenilsac daaranaTelfenilsac, gvesmis misi xma daisic viciT, rom es zaria.

erTaderTi gansxvaveba naTelfe-nilsa da aranaTelfenils Soris isaa,rom naTelfenili, fsiqologiur dagonivrul cnobierebasTan erTad,flobs imas, risTvisac SeiZlebodasulieri cnobiereba gvewodebina. ad-amianebs, romelTa cnobierebac fiz-ikuri samyaroTia Semofargluli, jerkidev ar gauRviZniaT am sulieri cno-bierebisaTvis. maT mxolod zaris xmaesmiT da mis wkrials scnoben. esaa daes. maTi mzera sulier samyaros arswvdeba. amitomac ar arian naTel-mosilni. sul sxvaa sulierad gamoRvi-

Zebuli kacis saqme. magram nu ggoniaT,TiTqos is gamudmebiT grZnobdesTavis sulierebas, an misi egreTwode-buli `sulieri cnobiereba~ gamudme-biT acxadebs Tavis uflebas _ yursugdebdnen cnobierebis zedapirulsibrtyeze. SeuZlebelia misi foku-sireba erT wertilSi, fsiqologiurixatis msgavsad, Cvens Cveulebriv, far-dobiT cnobierebaSi rom gamoirCeva.sulieri TviTSecnoba Semecnebis gan-sakuTrebuli saxea. esaa intuiciis er-TaderTi forma, romelic ar eqvemde-bareba dayofas subieqturad da obieq-turad, anu imad, rac intuitiurad Se-imecnebs da imad, rac intuiturad Se-imecneba. esaa intuicia, romlisTvisacucxoa xedvisa da misi sagnis dapiri-spirebuloba; esaa absoluturi TviT-gaigivebis nimuSi; esaa ganusxvaveblo-bis gansxvavebuloba da gaumijnavobisgamijvnaze dafuZnebuli intuicia.

axla SegviZlia davinaxoT, raSicdeboda berikaci, meliis saxe romunda mieRo xuTasi sicocxlis man-Zilze. man dauSva uxeSi Secdoma, su-lieri samyaro gansxvavebulobis mor-alur-inteleqtualuri samyarosaganrom ganacalkeva. xiakuZem, visTvisaccxadi iyo berikacis Secdoma, auxsnamas, rom verc naTelfenili da vercaranaTelfenili ver gaeqceva karmas.naTelfenili kaci zustad iseve`eqvemdebareba~ mizez-Sedegobriobiskanons, rogorc aranaTelfenili. ma-gram mizezisa da Sedegisadmi amnairimidgoma kidev erTi ilustraciaa pra-jnias logikisa, rasac gamudmebiT ix-senebs literatura, prajnias sferosrom miemarTeba mahaianas budisturisutrebis formiT (sinamdvileSi, rasferosac ar unda ekuTvnodes, mahai-anas moZRvreba TviTgaigivebis prajni-iseul logikazea dafuZnebuli, rom-lisTvisac ucxoa yovelgvari dapiri-spirebuloba, radganac mTeli dapir-ispirebuloba TviTgaigivebis erToba-Sia STanTqmuli). prajnia prajniaa im-itom, rom prajnia ar aris.

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am azris ganviTarebiT Cven Segvi-Zlia vTqvaT: TeTri Savia, imitom, romTeTri TeTria; anda: TeTri ar arisTeTri, imitom, rom TeTri aris TeTri;me var ara me, imitom, rom me _ me var.budistebis mixedviT, es logika safuZ-vlad udevs yovelgvar adamianur cdasda misTvis niSneuli amgvari alogi-kurobisa Tu irracionalurobis wy-alobiT Cven vaRwevT sulier TviTSe-mecnebas. mizez-Sedegobriobis kanoniyvela Cvenganze vrceldeba, da Cvenversad wavuvalT, ver ̀ davrCrdilavT~an ugulebelvyofT mas. yvelani misgavlenas veqvemdeberebiT da mxolodsulieri TviTSemecnebis wyalobiT TuSegviZlia aRar vgrZnobdeT karmis,kargis Tu cudis, simZimes, Tavis kal-apotSi Tu mivuSvebT mizez-Sedegisdinebas.prajniis filosofiis mimde-vari ityvis, rom mizezisa da SedgismorevSi CaTreuli arseba maTzemaRldeba, radganac maTi morCilebamaTze amaRlebas niSnavs. ase magali-Tad, me davibade; me SemiZlia avadgavxde; me davberdebi da movkvdebi;SeiZleba yuradReba ar mivaqcio mize-zisa da Sedegis borbals, magram isfaqti, rom mis brunvas vgrZnob da,amasTanave, raRac iseTis arsebobasac,rasac arasodes ar exeba mizez-Sedego-briobis kanoni, saSualebas maZlevs`Tavi davaRwio am borbals~.

ase rom, Cven arasodes ar veqceviTmizezobriobis kanonis qveS, radganCven ukve varT es kanoni. misi gavlenisqveS moqceva imasa niSnavs, rom odes-Rac iyo iseTi mdgomareoba, roca arcdamoneba iyo da arc ganTavisufleba.roca Cven TviTona varT misi borbalida masTan erTad vbrunavT, aRarc da-moneba arsebobs da aRarc ganTavisu-fleba, radganac borbali da me erTivarT. magram , modiT, nurc amasTan danurc imasTan dakavSirebiT, rac zemoTiTqva, nu daviviwyebT, rom aq adgiliunda hqondes sulier intuicias bor-blisa da imis igiveobasTan mimarTe-biT, vinc mas abrunebs. amnairi intui-cia ukvdavebas aniWebs adamians, ro-

gorc ityodnen qristianebi. vinc mor-alur-inteleqtualur sibrtyeze ar-sebobs da vinc verasodes ver SeZlebsTavis gaigivebas am borbalTan, vera-sodes miakvlevs maradiuli sicocx-lis gzas.

da kidev erTi Zen-budisturi, TviT-gaigivebis praqtikis sailustracioambavi. Zenis moZRvars viRacam hkiTxa:`yovelTvis dgeba zafxuli da dgebazamTaric; rogor gaveqceT amas?~ `ra-tom ar mivaSuroT imnair adgils, sa-dac arc zamTaria da arc zafxuli?~ –uTxra moZRvarma. `ki magram, sad mov-ZebnoT amnairi adgili?~ _ dainteres-da SemkiTxveli. `roca zamTari dgeba,sicivisagan kankaleb; roca zafxulidgeba, ofli gdis.~ ase gadaWra moZR-varma es problema. paskalis Tqmis ariyos, adamiani myife qmnilebaa; sam-yaros sulac ar sWirdeba SeiaraReba,raTa gaanadguros igi. erTi wveTi Sxa-mi iseve mouRebs bolos yvelaze qveladamians, rogorc yvelaze ukeTurs,magram arc samyaros da arc Sxams araaqvs gamanadgurebeli Zala. mxolodadamianma Seqmna sxvaoba cnobierebasada aracnobierebas Soris, mxolod isaris TviTSemecnebis mflobeli.

`mTeli Cveni Rirseba azrovnebaa,~anu cnobiereba. am SemTxvevaSi cno-bierebas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs.naTelfeniloba sxva ara aris ra, Tuara am faqtis aRiareba, safuZvlad romudevs Cvens sulier TviTSemecnebas.naTelfeniloba sulieria da ara in-teleqtualuri: is azris kuTvnilebaki ar aris, aramed _ sulisa. sulieradvicnobierebdeT Cveni yoveldRiuricdis faqtebs igive rodia, rac fsi-qologiurad Tu inteleqtualuradvqmnideT maT. gansxvaveba cnobierebisam sulier formasa da Cvens cnobiere-bas Soris, romelic adamianur sam-yaros Soris funqcionirebs, imaSimdgomareobs, rom isini adamianuricdis sxvadasxva sferos miekuTvnebi-an: arsebobs raRac, principulad romganasxvavebs erTs meorisgan. sicivesuvicic grZnobs da naTelfenilic; Ci-

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tis galoba yvelas esmis, yruebis gar-da. magram uvicis cnobiereba grZnobe-lobis sibrtyeze maRla ver adis.sulierad ganviTarebuli adamiani-saTvis Citis galoba da sicivis Seg-rZneba sulieri samyaros gancdaa,grZnobad samyaros rom erwymis, magrampirveli unda ganasxvavoT meorisagan,Tuki gvsurs zustad aRvweroT isini.

sulierad ganviTarebuli adamianisulieri TvalsazrisiT ganmartavsTavis yoveldRiur cdas. roca samya-ro sulierad ganimarteba, anu rocaamgvarad irekleba sulieri cnobiere-bis sarkeSi, is ukve aRar aris grZno-bisa da gonebis obieqti. samyaro mTe-li Tavisi tanjviT, nakliTa da orad-obiT sulier samyaros erwymis da mis-Tvis, vinc naTelfenilobas miaRwia,tanjva, ra Tqma unda, tanjvaa, magramis STainTqmeba, ase vTqvaT, misisulieri cnobierebis mier, romelSiacfsiqologiur-bunebriv sibrtyezemdebare yvela sagani Tavis WeSmaritmniSvnelobas iZens da harmoniuladerTvis samyaros `gonebamiuwvdomel~plans. mizezi da Sedegi ukve aRar exe-bian naTelfenils, sxva sityvebiT, isi-ni arasodes ar `ugulebeliyofian~.paskali laparakobs `moazrovne ler-wamze~; magram es azrovneba martood-en azrovnebad ar unda iqnes miCneuli:is sulieri TviTSemecnebis qmnadobisprocess unda niSnavdes.

azrovnebis mniSvnelobas xazgasmiTaRniSnaven adreuli budistebi, magrammahaiana daJinebiT moiTxovs raRacufro mets. yovelgvari azrovnebaerTgvar dualizms gulisxmobs, vi-naidan sadac aris azrovnebis sagani,moazrovne gonebac iqve unda iyos. su-lieri cnobiereba azrovnebaze maRladgas, Tumca dualizms TviTSemecne-bac gulisxmobs. magram sulieri TviT-Semecneba imas mowmobs, rom arc is ar-sebobs, vinc qmnis, da arc is, rac iqm-neba sulis mier. icnobierebde da, imav-droulad, verc icnobierebde ama Tu

im konkretul sagans, _ ai, WeSmaritadsulieri TviTSemecneba. es obieqtisada subieqtis igiveobaa, da swored ab-soluturi erTianobidan iRebs dasa-bams mravlobiTobis samyaro. vidre ammravlobiTobiT varT Sekrulni, Tavsver davaRwevT mis mbrZaneblobas, ma-gram rogorc ki Cveni sulieri cno-bierebiT masze maRla vdgebiT da, ama-rigad, vaRwevT im sibrtyes, sadac jerkidev ar aris `amis~ da `imis~ gayofa,gansxvaveba da dapirispireba, Cven vTa-visufldebiT da mravlobiToba ukveveRaras gvavnebs.

magram, rogorc araerTxel miTq-vams, es grZnobadi samyaros uaryofasrodi niSnavs, Tumca roca is Tavisnebazea miSvebuli da sulieri sam-yaros Zalauflebas ar emorCileba,budistebi uaryofen mas, swored ami-tom vamtkicebT, rom Cven gacilebiTufro diadni varT, vidre samyaro,romelSic vcxovrobT. vinaidan Cvenisidiade sivrcis usasruloba ki araris, aramed sulis. xolo samyaroSiaraferia sulieri, adamianis suliere-bis garda. samyaro Cven unda gvimad-lodes Tavis sidiades. Cveni garemom-cveli sinamdvilis sidiade Cveni sadi-adisagan iRebs dasabams. Cveni sidiadeki maSin cnobierdeba, roca TviTSemec-nebas vaRwevT da mis Suqze ganvixilavTyvelafers, rac Cvens irgvliv xdeba.TviTSemecneba, _ ai, Cveni sidiadiswyaro. gadmocemiT, axalSobil budasuTqvams: ̀ cis zemoT da cis qvemoT mxo-lod me var Tayvaniscemis Rirsi (me mi-vaRwie srul naTelmosilebas)~. es mow-mobs, rom man Seicno Tavisi sidiade,rac TiToeul CvenganSia. es uzenaesimtkiceba uricxvi tanjvis fasad miiR-weva. gonebriv da zneobriv winaaRmde-gobaTa CaTvliT. es uzenaesi mtkicebabrZanebs: `rodesac cxela, ofli gv-dis, rodesac civa, vkankalebT.~

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IV1863 wels dostoevskim ramdenime

dRiT datova parizi, sadac imxanadatarebda dros1, da londonSi gama-rTul msoflio gamofenas ewvia. erTiSexedviT areul-dareul, magram arse-biTad uaRresad Sekrul da awyobilwerilSi is Tavis STabeWdilebas gad-mogvcems, romelic am `dRe da Ramemofusfuse da zRvasaviT ukideganoqalaqma~ dautova, _ misi manqanebiskivilma, kvartlebis saxuravebze gay-vanilma relsebma, moZraobaTa qao-turobam da CanafiqrTa simZlavrem.`mowamluli temza, qvanaxSiriT ga-JRenTili haeri, ulamazesi skverebida parkebi da qalaqis iseTi SemzaravikunWulebi, rogoric uaiTCefelia,naxevrad SiSveli, veluri da mSierimosaxleobiT~, _ es yovelive dosto-evskisTan erTian ganuyofel suraTadaewyo. rogorc yovelTvis, kerZo damimdinare interesebis gverdiT, isaqac suraTis saerTo azrs, mis sauku-no mniSvnelobas ufiqrdeba: `igrZno-ba is SiSismgvreli Zala, mTeli msof-liodan uricxv adamians aq rom mou-yara Tavi da erT brbod aqcia; Seic-noba bumberazi fiqri; grZnob, rom aq

vasili rozanovi

gagrZeleba. das. Jur. ̀ saguramo~ N1 (11). 2015.

legenda didi inkvizitoris Sesaxeb

raRac ukve miRweulia, Canafiqri ukvegamarjvebas zeimobs... ratomRac SiSigeufleba. fiqrob: marTlac es xomaraa miRweuli ideali? es xom araadasasruli? es xom ar unda iyos `samw-yso erTiani~... suli gexuTeba: yove-live ise sazeimoa, ise amayi da medi-duri. ucqer am asi aTasobiT, milion-obiT adamians, mTeli dedamiwidanmorCilad rom moedinebian, _ im ad-amianebs, erTaderTma fiqrma rommoiyvana aq da uxmaurod, dinjad damdumared rom Sekrebilan am vee-berTela sasaxleSi (laparakia gamofe-nis brolis sasaxleze) da grZnob, romaq aRsrulda raRac saboloo, aR-srulda da dasrulda kidec. es raRacbibliuri suraTia, babilonis Sesaxebrom mogviTxrobs, raRac apokalif-suri winaswarmetyveleba, Cven Tval-win rom axda. grZnob, rom Zalze bevridasabamieri Zala gesaWiroveba, su-lieri Seupovrobisa da uaryofis Za-la, raTa ar dahyve, ar daemono STabe-Wdilebas, Tayvani ar sce faqts da argaaRmerTo baali, e. i. arsebuli Sensidealad ar miiCnio~. 2

yoveliveSi, rasac umzers, is xedavsraRac TavisTavad warmoqmnilsa da,maSasadame, Zlevamosils, xolo yove-

2 `zamTris Canawerebi zafxulis STabeWd-ilebebze~, Tavi 5, `baali~.

1 es misi pirveli mogzauroba gaxldaTsazRvargareT.

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live nasesxebs anu susts ugulvebely-ofs. romSi papis naxva indoma, xololondonSi wm. pavles taZrisTvis arcki Seuxedavs. samagierod, ewvia ̀ TeTrizangebis Wiakokonobas~, _ ase uwo-debs TviT dostoevski qalaqis muSaTaubnebSi SabaT-kviris Rames: `naxevarimilioni muSa mamakaci da qali Svi-lebiTurT zRvasaviT edeba quCebs damTeli Ramis ganmavlobaSi, dilis xuTsaaTamde mTeli kviris samyofi sas-mel-saWmliT iyorebs mucels. yvelasTan moaqvs mTeli danazogi, yve-laferi, rac WapanwyvetiT, ofliTa davaebiT moipova... quCis farnebSi kaS-kaSad brialebs gazi. am TeTr zangebsTiTqosda sagangebo mejliss umar-Taven. xalxi moRiavebul tavernebsada quCebSi ireva. iqve svamen da Wamen.ludxanebi sasaxleebiviTaa morTuli.yvela da yvelaferi mTvralia, oRond– usixarulod, pirquSad, mZimed,Tanac yvelgan ucnauri mdumarebasufevs. lanZRva-gineba da sisxlianiSetakebebi mxolod dro da dro ar-Rvevs am avismomaswavebel, damamZ-imebel mdumarebas. yvelani gulis was-vlamde daTrobas Cqaroben... colebiaraferSi CamorCebian qmrebs da maT-Tan erTad ileSebian; maTi bavSvebiiqve darbian da fexebSi eblandebian~3.dostoevski SeniSnavs, rom am Tavdavi-wyebaSi raRac aris `sistemuri, mor-Cili, wanaqezebi~. misi goneba mudamgancdilis ganzogadebas axdens da amfaqtis faruli sazrisis amokiTxvasaccdilobs, surs SeuTavsos dRisiT nan-axs, imas, rac sakuTari srulqmni-lebiT ase amayobs: es ofli, es pirqu-Si Troba, kviraSi ramdenime saaTiTmainc Tavdaviwyebis es wyurvili –yovelive es dostoevskis camde agebu-li koSkis kuTxeSi qvebiviT CawyobilimilionobiT adamianis sulad war-moudgeba; es koSki, marTalia, lamisswvdeba cas, magram miwas ra mZimedawveba! am gariyulTaTvis ̀ kidev didx-ans ar axdeba winaswarmetyveleba,

Zalze didi xani gava, vidre maT palm-is rtoebsa da TeTr samoss daurige-ben da didxans SehRaRadeben uzenaess:_ rodemde, ufalo!~4.

bibliuri saxeebi xom mxolod faq-tebis is ukiduresi ganzogadebaa, racki istoriasa da filosofias SeiZle-boda moefiqrebina; `palmis rtoni daTeTri samosi~ mxolod sixarulisa dasinaTlis wyurvilia milionobiT gas-resili arsebisaTvis, axla ukve su-lisSemZvreli manqanebis aucilebeldanamatebad rom qceulan da, amasTan,cnobierebis yovlad zedmeti ram naS-Tebi SerCeniaT. dostoevskis faqtimTlianobasa da sisruleSi esmis: isxedavs ara gaToSil xelebsa da daqan-cul fexebs, aramed gasresil adami-ans, da svams kiTxvas: gana am adamiansyvela CvenganiviT ar swyuria sulierisixaruli, gana, amas moklebuli, Cven-saviT ar iRupeba?

da es jer mxolod gasresili arse-bebia, magram ara garyvnili: RvTisxati maTSi dabindulia, magram damax-injebuli mainc ar aris. dostoevskimhai-marketic moinaxula, sadac Se-Ramebisas aTasobiT meZavi ikribeba.gaCaxCaxebuli quCebi, sarkeebiTa daiaffasiani oqrovarayiT morTuliyavaxanebi, erTdroulad `Sekrebebisadgilebsac rom warmoadgens, daRatakTa TavSesafarsac. am brboSi gav-la Semzaravia. Tanac, ra ucnauradaaSedgenili: aq dedabrebsac naxavT daiseT lamazmanebsac, vis winaSec gaog-nebuli gaqvavdebiT. ingliseli qalistipze ufro mSveniers msoflioSi ver-sad ixilavT. mTeli es grova trotu-arebze veRar eteva, avsebs quCas, erT-maneTSi ireva, isriseba; nadavlsaadaxarbebuli da pirvelive SemxvedrsSeupovari cinizmiT ecema. aq mbzinavZvirfas samossac naxavT da Camokonk-il ZonZebsac, asakis SemaSfoTebelsxvaobasac – yovelive es erTadaa Sey-rili. am saSinel brboSi gzas ikvlevsmTvrali mawanwalac da mdidari lo-

3 iqve. 4 iqve.

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rdic. ismis lanZRva-gineba, kinklao-ba da jerac gaubedavi lamazmanis Cumimoxmoba. da zogjer iseTi silamazea!~mwerali aRwers momnusxveli garegno-bis qals, romelsac fiqriani da go-nieri saxe hqonda; is jins svamda, misgverdiT ki axalgazrda kaci ijda,romelsac etyoboda: am ubnis xSiristumari ar unda yofiliyo. ̀ qalis mS-venier, odnav goroz mzeraSi raRacSefaruli gamokrToda, raRac RrmadCafiqrebuli da dardiani. SeuZlebe-lia, es qali azrovnebiT da gana-TlebiT am ubedurTa brboze ufromaRla ar mdgariyo. ase rom ar iyos,aba, maS, ras niSnavs adamianis saxe?~5

cxadi iyo, rom axalgazrdam aq miak-iTxa, anda rom es winaswar daTqmuliSexvedra iyo. orive sevdiani da Caf-iqrebuli Canda, wyvetilad saubrobd-nen, xSir-xSirad dumdnen; usaTuodraRac mniSvnelovani uTqmeli rCebo-daT. rogorc iqna, kaci wamodga, aryisfuli gadaixada, qals xeli CamoarTvada wavida; qalic, wiTlad dafoTlilifermkrTali saxiT, sxva momuSave qa-lebs Seeria. `hai-marketSi SevniSnededebi, TavianTi mcirewlovani qali-Svilebi saSovarze rom gamoeyvanaT.ase, Tormetiode wlis gogonebi xelzegeqaCebian da gTxoven, wamomyevio. max-sovs, erTxel davinaxe gogona, eqvswelze metis ar iqneboda, erTianadCamokonkili, binZuri, fexSiSveli,galeuli da nacemi: tanisamosis nax-evebSi dalurjebuli kidurebi mou-Canda. xalxSi auCqareblad, TiTqosZilburanSi mitortmanebda, TviTonacar icoda, saiT. SesaZloa, Sioda. ma-gram yvelaze metad aman SemZra: saxezeiseTi usaSvelo vaeba, iseTi saso-warkveTileba aRbeWdvoda, rom Cven-saviT, zrdasrulebiviT dawyevlilida bedkruli am erTibewo arsebis nax-va uzomod mtkivneuli da raRacnair-ad arabunebrivic ki iyo. aburZgnulTavs sul aqeT-iqiT aqnevda, TiTqosraRacaze msjelobso, cicqna xelebs

ganze Slida, haerSi iqnevda, mere erT-baSad atyupebda da gatitvlebulmkerdze ikravda. mivbrundi da naxe-vari Silingi gavuwode. gogonam ver-cxlis fuli gamomarTva, mere veluri,SiSnarevi gaocebiT Semomxeda da gaiq-ca, TiTqos eSinoda, fuli ukan ar wa-merTmia~.

Cvenc SegveZlo gagvemeora: `rode-mde, ufalo!~ msoflio gamofena, bro-lis sasaxle da sadRac, iqve, saxelo-vani fizikosis leqcia brwyinvalecdebis demonstrirebiT – Rirs ki esyovelive im erTicida arsebis ube-durebad, galeul mkerdSi mjiRebsrom icems, an kidev im qalebis xvedrad,sakuTar qaliSvilebs nebismiers romaZleven, vinc ki sanacvlod erT groSsmiugdebs? ityviT: `mudam ase iyo daamaze uaresadac~; amas ukve ambobenkidec da Tavis gasamarTlebad sxvaxalxebis kanibalizmi mohyavT: aqaoda,Tuki masTan dabruneba ar gvsurs, sak-uTar naklovanebebTan, civilizaciisSxamTan Segueba mogviwevs. magram es araris marTali, mudam ase rodi yofila.RvTis mcnebebiT mcxovreb xalxs arckanibalizmi hqonia da arc sakuTariSvilebiT movaWre dedebi hyolia: iqdedebi SeZlebulTa mier momkilyanaze maTTvis sagangebod danatovarTavTavebs agrovebdnen6. da aseT dRe-Si ar viqnebodiT, ver Cavcvivdebo-diT, CvenTvis danatovar sityvebs _`upirvelesad cis sasufeveli eZieTda sxva yovelive masTan erTad mogece-maT~ _ bolodan rom ar vkiTxulob-deT, rom ar vaukuRmarTebdeT.

`magram rogorc ki Rame gaileva dairiJraJebs, goliaT qalaqs isev ispirquSi da gorozi suli moefineba damasze batonobs. mas ar adardebs is,rac RamiT xdeboda, arc is, rasacTavis gaSemo dRisiT xedavs. baali me-fobs da morCilebasac ki aRar iTxovs,radgan isedac darwmunebulia masSi.misi Tavdajereba usazRvroa; isagdebiT da civad gaiRebs organize-

5 iqve. 6 ix. ruTis wigni.

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bul wyalobas, mxolod imitom, rommTxovneli Tavidan moicilos. cxov-rebis velur, saeWvo da SemaSfoTebelmovlenebs Tvals ar aridebs. masebissiRatake, tanjva, ukmayofileba da da-Clungeba srulebiT ar adardebs~(iqve, gv. 411).

yvela es faqti, iseve, rogorc maTgamo wuxili, SeiZleba Semdegi formu-liT ganvsazRvroT: nebismieri ganvi-Tarebis normalur procesSi mizaniTviT im arsebis keTildReobaSi mdgo-mareobs, romelic viTardeba; ase ma-gliTad, xe imisTvis izrdeba, Tavissrulyofil formas rom miaRwios, _igive SeiZleba iTqvas nebismier sxvaramezec. yvela im procesidan, rasacbunebaSi vakvirdebiT, es kanoni mxo-lod istoriis procesze ar vrcelde-ba. is, rac masSi viTardeba, adamianiada, Sesabamisad, mizanic swored isaa.magram es mxolod ideaSi, iluziaSiaase: sinamdvileSi is saSualebaa, miza-ni ki dawesebulebebia, sazogadoe-brivi urTierTobebis sirTule, mec-nierebaTa da xelovnebis ayvaveba,mrewvelobisa da vaWrobis gacxovele-ba7. es yovelive SeuCereblad izrdebada bedkrul adamians arasodes mouvaazrad, win aRudges am yovelives, Taviar gaaTelinos baalis mozeime etls damisi borblebi Tavisi sisxliT ar SeRe-bos8. da xalxebic Zirs ganerTxmian mis

gzaze; mas Semdeg, rac Sin milionebigaTela, ukve sxva qveynebSic mieqane-ba, sadac kanibalebi manamde erTurTscalk-calke da gulubryvilod Seeq-ceodnen; axla maT evropa, rogorcCans, erTianad STanTqavs.

dostoevski ganzogadebis saocarunars kerZosa da individualuris un-atifes gancdas uTavsebda. amitomacis aramxolod istoriaSi mimdinareprocesis zogad sazriss Caswvda,aramed misi autaneli SemzaravobacSeigrZno, TiTqos TviTonve ganeca-dos mTeli is tanjva, ganviTarebismTavari kanonis rRvevas rom mosdevs.`zamTris Canawerebs zafxulis STabe-Wdilebebze~9 fexdafex mohyva`iatakqveSa Canawerebi~10, romelic ze-moTac vaxseneT.

maTi kiTxvisas uneblieT gviCndebakomentirebuli gamocemis moTxov-nileba, vgulisxmob komentars ara li-

7 istoria erT iseT faqts icnobs, am mosazre-bis gansamartad saukeTesod rom gamodgeba: ger-maniaSi glexTa da raindTa ajanyebebis drosukve sakmaod iyo gavrcelebuli romauli samar-Tali, romelmac TandaTan adgilobrivifeodaluri iuridiuli wes-Cveulebani gandev-na. is imdenad mZimed daawva mTel mosaxleobas,rom ajanyebulni, ugergilo iuristebi, anuubralo adamianebi, sxva moTxovnebTan erTadsasmarTlo praqtikaSi romauli samarTlisgauqmebasac moiTxovdnen. magram rogor Sevi-tanoT eWvi imaSi, rom es samarTali Seudare-blad aRemateba Sua saukuneebis sasamarTloswesebsac da zogadad msoflio istoriaSi odes-me SemoRebul samarTlebriv wesebsac? amitomacar Sewyvetila misi gavrceleba, radgan es pro-cesi bunebrivi da, ase vTqvaT, Sinaganad aucile-beli gaxldaT. es magaliTi gviCvenebs, rom cxo-vrebis calkeuli ganxrebis srulyofa aucile-blad rodi ukavSirdeba adamianTa tanjva-vaeb-is Semcirebas: mas Tavisi Sinagani kanonzomiere-

ba aqvs da garegnulad avtonomiuria. amitomacistoriaSi amgvari procesebi yovelive danarCe-nisagan damokideblad xdeba.

8 kerZo magaliTs aqac ZaluZs zogad-isto-riuli procesis marjved ganmarteba: 1) qveynissaerTaSoriso statusis gasamyareblad aucile-belia, ramdenime aseuli mamakaci sabrZolo xe-lovnebas flobdes da masSi ukeT gawafvismizniT ojaxuri movaleobebisagan ganTavisu-fldes; 2) aucilebelia, is adamianebi, vinc qvey-nis sulier ayvavebas uwyobs xels, rac SeiZlebaukeT moemzadon TavianTi misiisaTvis da metadCauRrmavdnen wminda da gamoyenebiTi mecnier-ebebis rTul samyaros. iqmneba uSvelebeli kon-tingenti im adamianTa, visTvisac ojaxis Seqmnamxolod saSualo asakSia mosaxerxebeli. Sesa-bamisad, im mizezebis gamo, romlis axsnac aqsruliad zedmetia, gauTxovari qalebis kontin-gentic iqmneba. gansxvaveba isaa, rom pir-velTaTvis ojaxi raRac samomavloa da misi ga-davadeba yovelmxriv awyobT, meoreTaTvis kiojaxi samudamod SeuZlebeli xdeba, isini mx-olod mamakacTa svebednieri cxovrebis up-irovno da usaxo saSualebas warmoadgenen.rogorc didi mdinare izidavs uricxv rusa danakaduls da Tavisi avzidan aorTqlil wvimasada notio havas badebs, rac Semdgom isev masSiCaedineba, aseve dauojaxebelTa did nakadsmravali mcire nakadi erTvis, mniSvnelovan-wilad ubralod misive masiurobiT, simsubuqiT,moxerxebulobiTa da Cveul kalapotSi dinebiTromaa warmoqmnili.

9 gamoqveynda 1863 wels JurnalSi `Время~.10 gamoqveynda Jurnal `Эпоха~-s #1, 2 #1, 2 #1, 2 #1, 2 #1, 2 da 4 4 4 4 4-

Si (am Jurnalma 1864 wels SeCerebuli `Время~Secvala.

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teraturuli nawarmoebis formisa dawarmoSobis TvalsazrisiT, rac ise-dac moiZieba, aramed misi Sinaarsisa dasazrisis mixedviT – raTa, bolos dabolos, gadavwyvitoT sakiTxi: marTe-bulia Tu ara mocemuli azri da ra-tom? es sakiTxi saerTo ZalebiT, kat-egoriulad da safuZvlianad undagadawydes, rogorc es mxolod mec-nierebas xelewifeba. magaliTisaTvis,`iatakqveSa Canawerebi~ mniSvnelova-nia Tavisi TiToeuli striqoniT, Seu-Zlebelia es nawarmoebi zogad for-mulebamde daviyvanoT; amavdroulad,moazrovne adamiani masSi gamoTqmulmosazrebebs ganxilvis gareSe ver da-tovebs.

Cvens literaturaSi jer ar dabade-bula mwerali, romlis idealebic am-denadaa mowyvetili mimdinare sinamd-viles. am sinamdvilis SenarCuneba mx-olod adgil-adgil gamosworebisxarjze Tu SeiZleba – es azri dosto-evskis wuTiTac ki ver SeaCerebda.gonebis ganmazogadebeli unaris wy-alobiT, man mTeli gulisyuri istori-ulad Seqmnili cxovrebis wyobaSi ar-sebul borotebas miapyro; aqedan ga-momdinare, mudam zizRiT da undob-lobiT uaryofda kerZo cvlilebaTagziT raimis Secvlis imeds, aqedan ga-momdinare, emtereboda progresiste-bisa da medasavleTeebis CvenSi arse-bul partiebs. is mxolod zogadsWvretda da sinamdvilidan uSualodideis ukidures wertilSi gadadioda.pirveli, rac maT ideebSi aRmoaCina,imedi iyo: imedi gonebis meSveobiTadamianuri cxovrebis imdenad sruly-ofili nagebobis aRmarTvisa, rom amisxarjze adamiani sabolood unda Rir-seboda simSvides, istoria dasrulde-boda, tanjva ki samudamod gaqreboda.am ideis kritika mTel mis TxzulebebswiTel xazad gasdevs, magram is pirve-lad da yvelaze ufro dawvrilebiTswored `iatakqveSa CanawerebSia~gamoTqmuli.

misi iatakqveSa personaJi iseTi ad-amiania, Tavi sakuTar arsebaSi rom

gamoimwyvdia, sicocxle SeiZula daRvarZlianad akritikebs racionalurutopistTa ideals imis safuZvelze,rom uzustesad icnobs adamianis bu-nebas, radgan sakuTar Tavsa da isto-rias didxans ganmartovebiT akvirde-boda.

am kritikis zogadi azri SemdegSimdgomareobs: adamiani sakuTar TavSifaruli Canasaxebis, jerac gauSlelikvirtebis mTel samyaros atarebs, _maTi gamoaSkaraveba imdenad ueWveladSeadgens misi momavali istoriis arss,ramdenadac ueWvelia amJamad farulisaxiT maTi arseboba. amitomac CvenigonebiT istoriis winaswar gansa-zRvra, misTvis gezis dasaxva da sab-oloo miznis moniSvna oden sityvebisfuWi xarjvaa, sinamdviles rom araf-riT Seesabameba.

istoriaSi dRemde gamovlenil amCanasaxebSi imdeni ramaa iraciona-luri, Seucnobeli da moulodneli,rom adamianis bunebis gansasazRvradveranair logikur formulas ver mov-ZebniT. bedniereba TiTqosda am for-mulis erT-erT princips Seadgens, ma-gram gana adamiani zogjer tanjvas areswrafvis? gana arsebobs iseTi ne-tareba, razec hamleti Tavis suliertanjvas gacvlida? wesrigi da gegma-zomiereba TiTqosda nebismier adami-anur urTierTobaTa saboloo niSaniunda iyos, arada, gana zogjer wesiere-basa da Senebaze bevrad xarbad arvetrfiT qaoss, ngrevas, areulobas?nuTu moiZeveba iseTi adamiani, mTelicxovrebis manZilze mxolod kargi daaucilebeli rom ekeTebinos, da gana isucnaur daRlilobas ar ganicdis,rodesac didxans wesrigiT izRudavsTavs? gana mokle xniT mainc armieltvis gaumarTlebel qmedebaTapoezias? dabolos, gana adamiani arkargavs bednierebas maSin, rodesacqreba yovelgvari siaxlis gancda, qre-ba yovelive moulodneli, axirebuladcvalebadi, rac ki cxovrebis gzazemraval gulistkivils, magram mravalsixarulsac aniWebs? gana sayovelTao

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erTferovneba TviT adamianur bu-nebas – inividualobas _ ar ewinaaRm-degeba? momavlisa da ̀ idealis~ gaqva-vebuloba Tavisufal nebas gvispobs,gvikrZalavs Cveni survilisamebr imarCevanis gakeTebas, xSirad goniv-rul, magram Tavsmoxveul azrs romewinaaRmdegeba. xolo Tavisuflebisada pirovnebis gareSe raa adamianisbedniereba? am yovelives moklebul,saukuno erTferovnebaSi gana adamiansiseTi instinqtebi ar aReZvreba, nebi-smieri formulis usrulyofiles kri-stals rom daamsxvrevs: adamiani gar-duvalad indomebs tanjvas, ngrevas,sisxls, yvelafers, oRondac ara imas,rac fomulam saukunod miusaja; msga-vsad amisa, Tbil oTaxSi didi xniT dam-wyvdeuli patimari minas daamsxvrevs,xelebs daiseravs da Caucmeli yinvaSigaiqceva, oRondac Tavis sapyrobilesmoSordes. gana am sulieri daRlilo-bis gancda intrigebisa da dana-Saulisken ar ubiZgebda senekas? ganaswored es ar aiZulebda kleopatras,Savkaniani monaqalebisaTvis mkerdSioqros sarWebi Caeso, xarbad Cah-kvirveboda maT saxeebs, maT acaxcaxe-bul moRimare bageebs, SeSinebulTvalebs? dabolos, daakmayofilebski miRweuli idealis uZravi floba imadamians, visTvisac dauokebel moTx-ovnilebad swrafva, natvra, miznisak-en svla qceula? da gana adamianisbuneba saerTod gonierebiT amoiwure-ba: is ki cxadia, rom mxolod am bunebasSeiZleba saboloo formula mianiWosmisma Semoqmedma, uzenaesma gonebam.

adamiani, Tavisi bunebis mTeli sis-ruliT, iracionaluri arsebaa; amit-omac gonebas arc misi srulad axsnaZaluZs da arc misi dakmayofleba. ragamalebiTac ar unda muSaobdes azri,is mainc verasodes moicavs mTel si-namdviles, Zalauneburad moCvenebiTadamians Seesabameba, namdvils ki verswvdeba. adamianSi Semoqmedebis aqtiaCamaluli: swored man Cabera sicocx-

le, uboZa tkivili da sixaruli, rasacgoneba verc Caswvdeba da verc Secv-lis.

is, rac racionalurisagan gansx-vavdeba, mistikuria. mecnierebisaTvisSeuvals SeiZleba religiis meSveobiTCavwvdeT. aqedan modis dostoevski-sTan mistikuri wvdomis gaRrmaveba dareligiaze misi interesis koncentr-ireba, rasac vxedavT misi Semoqmedeb-is meore da mTavar periodSi, romel-ic ̀ danaSauliTa da sasjeliT~ iwyeba.

Vdostoevskis adamianis sulis uR-

rmes analitikosad miiCneven. aseTadimis Sedegad iqca, rom adamianis suliyvela im saidumlos WurWlad ganixi-la, rasac adamiani ukirkitebs, da yve-la im sirTulis gadaWrad, rac isto-riis manZilze jerac veravin daZlia.

zemoT graf l. tolstois vuwodeTxelovani, romelic cxovrebis das-rulebul, simyareSeZenil formebsgvisaxavs; am formaTa farglebSi ad-amianis sulieri samyaro SeudarebelisrulyofilebiT aqvs amowuruli: misnawarmoebebSi gulis yoveli odnavS-esamCnevi Zgera, gamyarebuli cxovre-bis formebSi, dawesebul sulier wyo-baSi axali azris mciredi kvirtic kiiseTi simkveTriTaa aRwerili, romel-ze metsac namdvilad verafers visur-vebT. magram is cxovrebis ganviTareb-is istoriaSi or diad moments _ Casax-vasa da xrwnas – ar Sexebia; es moment-ebi ueWvelad ukavSirdeba tkivils,xSirad ki wesis drRvevasa da dana-Saulsac. am yovelives tolstoiTiTqos uneblieT aqcevs zurgs. xolodostoevski swored amas mieltvisdauokeblad: amiT is tolstois avsebs.mis sapirispirod is adamianis cxovre-basa da sulSi yovelive aramyarisanalitikosia.

mimdinare sinamvilisagan dosto-evskis sruli gamijnuloba, masTanorganuli kavSiris, misdami simpaTiis

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uqonloba, rasakvirvelia, mTavarimizezi gaxlavT imisa, rom is gamor-Ceulad Casaxvisa da xrwnis momentebsapyrobs yuradRebas. is mudam molod-iniT, anda sinanuliTaa savse da mzeramomavlisken an Sori warsulisken aqvsmipyrobili, awmyosken ki – arasodes.amitomac udidesi bednierebisgancdiT Tvals adevnebs awmyos kvdo-masa da xrwnas da am kvdomis wiaRSi ax-ali sicocxlis Casaxvas. misi romaneb-is grZel nusxaSi, _ `danaSauli dasasjelidan~ `Zmeb karamazovebamde~,_ myar, Camoyalibebul tipebs mx-olod Soridan, gakvriT Tu davlan-davT. wina planze mudam is adamianebimimodian, arc erT gansazRvrul kate-gorias rom ar ekuTvnian, SeSfoTe-bulni raRacas rom eZieben, angrevenTu aSeneben.

amis gamo misi fsiqikuri analizigarkveul Taviseburebebs atarebs: eszogadad adamianis sulis analizia missxvadasxvagvar mdgomarebaSi, stadia-Si Tu gardasaxvaSi, magram es ar arisindividualuri, gankerZoebuli, das-rulebuli Sinagani cxovrebis anal-izi (rogorsac graf l. tolstoisTanvxvdebiT). mis nawarmoebebSi dasrule-buli saxeebis nacvlad, romelTaganTiToeuls sakuTari Sinagani birTviaqvs, Cven Tvalwin erTi da igive arsislandebi moZraoben: gansxvavebulitransformaciebi erTaderTi suli-eri arsebisa, usasrulod rom ibadebada kvdeba. amitomac mTavari, rasac mismier daxatuli saxeebi aRgviZravs,azrovnebaa da ara Wvreta. is safarsxdis adamianis sindisis saidumlosaknebs da, albaT, sakuTar SesaZle-blobaTa farglebSi im mistiur kvan-Zs xsnis, romelSic adamianis mTeliiracionaluri bunebaa moqceuli.

magram fsiqikuri analizi, yovelSemTxvevaSi, miseuli iteresebis war-moqmnis TanmimdevrobiT, mxolod me-oradi da ganpirobebuli ram gaxlavT;Tanac, misi ganviTareba mxolod `dan-

aSaulsa da sasjelSi~ iwyeba. dosto-evskisTvis mTavari da yvelafris gan-mapirobebeli adamianis tanjva da cx-ovrebis saerTo azrTan misi kavSiriiyo. swored adamianis tanjvaa mTavariTema misi pirveli nawarmoebisa ̀ sabra-lo adamianebi~, oRond jer kidev mxo-lod bundovnad, ara gamokveTilad.mis Sesaxebve mimdinareobs dialeq-tikuri msjeloba ukanasknel romanSi`Zmebi karamazovebi~.

rogorc zemoT ukve aRvniSneT, is-toriis Zireuli boroteba misi miz-nisa da saSualebebis araswor urT-ierTmimarTebaSi mdgomareobs: adami-anis pirovneba oden saSualebadaagamocxadebuli, civilizaciis nagebo-bis saZirkvelSia Cayolebuli da, raTqma unda, veravin ityvis, es ramdenxans da ra masStabiT gagrZeldeba.civilizaciam ukve yvelgan gaTeladabali klasebi da pirvelyofili xa-lxebis gasresas lamobs, haerSi dro-dadro trialebs idea, rom dRevande-li Taoba SeiZleba msxverplad See-wiros momaval TaobaTa ganusazRvrelraodenobas. istoriaSi raRac Sem-zaravi mzaddeba: is raRac ukeTurmaaCrdilma daimona da daamaxinja: imismisaRwevad, rac jer aravis unaxavs,rasac yvela mxolod moelis, raRacyovlad gausaZlisi xorcieldeba: ad-amiani, romelic dRemde mudam saSu-alebas warmoadgenda, erTeulebis kiaRar, aramed ukve masebis, mTeli ere-bis saxiT ewireba raRac Soreul saer-To mizans, romelic jer Zexorcielsar unaxavs da romlis Sesaxebac mxo-lod varaudi Tu SegviZlia. da saduCans amas bolo, rodis gamocxaddebaadamiani im miznad, romelsac amdenizvaraki Seewira, _ es yvelasaTvis uc-nobi rCeba.

dostoevski swored am mZlavrideasTan orTabrZolaSi Caeba, romel-ic ar aris gamoTqmuli, magram srul-deba da faqtebs marTavs. is am ideasTviTonac ver iazrebs mkafiod, mxo-

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lod gumaniT SeigrZnobs.saboloo idealis SesaZleblobaTa

kritika mis winaSe mdgari amocanis mx-olod pirveli nawili gaxldaT. manadamianis bunebis iracionaloba da,Sesabamisad, saboloo miznis moCveneb-iToba11 dagvanaxva da, amasTan, gamo-eqomaga pirovnebis ara fardobiT,aramed absolutur Rirsebas, _ Ti-Toeul mocemul individs, romelicverasodes, veravisTvis ver gadaiqce-va oden saSualebad.

amas daerTo mTeli rigi misi re-ligiuri ideebisa. adamianis bunebismiseuli miukerZoebeli analizisSedegi araCveulebrivad iRblianiTanxvedris wyalobiT daemTxva imas,rasac misi brZolis Canafiqri moiTx-ovda. am analizma gviCvena adamianisarsis iracionaloba da masSi raRacmistikuris monawileoba daadastura,rac mas usaTuod misi Seqmnis aqtiTvemieniWa. es aRmoCena srulad SeeTavsaaucileblobas, adamiani imaze metadmiviCnioT, radac aqamde migvaCnda, _religiurad wminda da xelSeuxebelarsebad. Tuki adamians mxolod fiz-iologiur funqciaTa agregatad miv-iCnevT, romelTagan erT-erTi, ueWve-lad, cnobirebaa, maSin is marTlacoden saSualebaa, _ yovel SemTxveva-Si, yovelTvis, roca ki es amgvar fiz-iologiur agregatTa ufro didraodenobas sWirdeba. magram, Tuki mismistikur warmomavlobasa da mistikurbunebas vaRiarebT, cxadia, masSi sulsxva rames vixilavT: masSi zeciuri ma-mis naTeli gamokrTis, masSi uflissaxeba ar ibindeba, ar idrikeba, aramedZvirfas saunjed inaxeba.

unda SevniSnoT, rom adamianispirovneba mTeli Tavisi mniSvnelobiTmxolod religiaSi cxaddeba. samar-TalSi pirovneba mxolod fiqciaa, _is aucilebeli centri, romelzecaa

mimarTuli SeTanxmebis valdebule-bani, qonebrivi kuTvnileba da a. S.;misi mniSvneloba aq ganmartebul-das-abuTebuli ar aris, xolo Tuki is aseTu ise mainc ganisazRvreba, es gan-sazRvreba pirveladi da Tavisufalia:is warmoadgens pirobas, romelsacSeiZleba arc daveTanxmoT. samarTlissferoSi TviT pirovneba SeiZleba Se-Tanxmebis obieqtad iqces. monoba zo-gadad swored wminda, Seureveli iuri-diuli wyobis bunebrivi Sedegia.politikur ekonomiaSi pirovnebamTlianad qreba: is mxolod samuSaoZalas icnobs, romlisTvisac adamianissaxe yovlad zedmeti danarTia. amg-varad, codnisa da mecnierebis gziTSeuZlebelia istoriaSi pirovnebisaRdgena: mas SeiZleba pativi vceT, ma-gram misi aucilebloba ar arsebobs, isSeiZleba ugulvebelvyoT kidec, _miT umetes, Tuki uRirsi da mankieria.TavisTavad am pirobaTa Semotana ukvearyevs pirovnebis absoluturobas:berZnebi uRirsad Tvlidnen yvelabarbaross, romaelebi – yvela aramo-qalaqes, kTolikeni – eretikosebs,humanistebisaTvis yvela obskuran-tia, 93 wlis meamboxeTaTvis yvelakonservatoria. am ganpirobebulobasada masTan dakavSirebul yvela eWvsa daWoWmans religia erTxel da samuda-mod usvams wertils: nebismieri cocx-ali pirovneba absoluturia, rogorcRvTis xati da msgavseba da xelSeuxe-belia.

amitomac, kerZod monobas rac Seex-eba, is mudam miT metad Zlierdeboda,rac ufro sustdeboda anda maxinjde-boda religia; xolo samarTalTan mi-marTebaSi monoba, piriqiT, am uka-nasknelis Tanmimdevrulobis, sisuf-Tavis, Seurevlobis matebasTan erTadZlierdeboda. istorias usazarlesimonoba axsovs romSi _ saxelmwifoSi,romelsac usrulyofilesi samarTalihqonda: aq monebs nakuwebad kepavdnenda am xorciT tborebSi moSenebulTevzs asuqebdnen; xolo yvelaze huma-nuri monoba ebrael xalxs hqonda,

11 amgvarad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `iatakqve-Sa Canawerebi~ dostoevskis literaturulisaqmianobis pirvel qvakuTxeds warmoadgens damasSi gamoTqmuli azrebi misi msoflmxedvelo-bis pirvel ZiriTad xazad gvevlineba.

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romelic umkacresi religiis qveScxovrobda: saiubileo weliwadebSiyvela monas Tavisufleba ubrundebo-da, anu isini droebiTi moxmarebis sa-gans warmoadgendnen da ara samudamoqonebas.

`danaSaulsa da sasjelSi~ dosto-evski pirvelad da yvelaze ufro gamo-wvlilviT12 warmogvidgens pirovnebisabsoluturi mniSvnelobis ideas. us-asoo vaebiT garSemortymuli, daRu-pulTa Tu dasaRupad gamzadebulTaSemxedvare mTavari gmiris umwkvlosuli aRSfoTebiT ivseba da is gadaw-yvets, adamianis xelSeuxeblobiskanoni SebRalos. genialuri dileqti-ka faqtTan iqna misadagebuli; es faq-ti ganxorcielda. da misi ganxorci-elebisTanave iwyeba mistikuri urT-ierTqmedeba mkvlels, moklulsa dagarSemo myof adamanTa Soris. yove-live, rac raskolnikovis sulSi xde-ba, iracionaluria; man bolomde aricis, ratom ar SeiZleboda mevaxSe de-dabris mokvla. masTan erTad gonebiT,racionalurad verc Cven vwvdebiTmisi sindisis mdgomareobas, mis mierCadenilis xarisxs. Tumca Cveni mTli-ani arsebiT sruliad cxadad Sevi-grZnobT mis mier Cadenilis yvelaSedegis acileblobas. rogorc ki ad-amianSi areklili RvTis xati daamsx-vria, _ Tundac is misi matareblismier damaxinjebuli yofiliyo, _wamsve SeigrZno, rom TviT misTvisacCaqra es xati da masTan mTeli qvey-nierebac. `dedaberi ar momiklavs, Ce-mive Tavi movkali,~ _ ambobs is erT-gan. mis sulSi TiTqos raRac gadaadg-ilda da amiT yovelive axleburadgaexsna, xolo yvelaferi, rasac manam-de icnobda, samudamod Caiketa. ig-rZno, rom samudamod gaemijna yvela im

suldgmuls, danaSaulis miRma romdarCa, maTTan aRaraferi akavSirebsda verc momavalSi daakavSirebs. manraRac zRvars gadaabija, yvela adami-ans gaSorda da axla, rogorc Cans,iqaa, sadac masTan erTad aravinaa mok-luli dedabris garda. misi arsebismistikuri kvanZi, rasac pirobiTad`suls~ vuwodebT, TiTqosda SeumCn-eveli ZafiTaa dakavSirebuli im arse-bis mistikur kvanZTan, romlis gareg-nuli formac gaanadgura. mkvlelsa damokluls Soris yovelgvari urTier-Toba TiTqosda dasrulda, arada ismainc grZeldeba; erTi SexedviT, dan-arCen adamianebTan misi yvela urTier-Toba SenarCunebulia, mxolod od-navaa Secvlili, arada sinamdvileSiyvela es urTierToba samudamod gaw-yda. danaSaulis am analizSi, suliere-bis erTgvari rideebis, naWuWebis ga-moaSkaravebiT, TiToeul `me~-s romakravs gars da xan urTierTqmedebs,xanac wyvets urTierTqmedebas, gaxs-nilia adamianis bunebis udidesi sai-dumlo, gamocxadebulia adamianisSeuvalobis, misi absoluturobis Se-saxeb diadi da wminda kanoni. ramdena-dac es mistikuri movlena ganmartebaski ara, ubralod sityvebiT gan-sazRvrebas eqvemdebareba, is Segvi-Zlia Semdegnairad gamovTqvaT: rasacadamianSi vakvirdebiT, misi qmedebani,sityvebi, survilebi, yvelaferi, racmis Sesaxeb sxvebma ician da rac Tavadicis sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb, misi ar-sebis sisavses ver amowuravs; garda amyovelivesi masSi aris sul sxva ram, _is, rac umTavresia da rac aravinicis13. adamianSi swored es mTavariunda gviyvardes: amitomaca, zogjeradamiani im yovelives miuxedavad romgviyvars, rasac masSi vxedavT. meoremxriv, adamianSi mxolod is SeiZlebagvZuldes, rac gareSe da meorexarisx-ovania, is naklovaneba, riTac Tavi

12 amdenad, es romani _ literaturuliTvalsazrisiT, dostoevskis umkacresi da,maSasadame, saukeTeso nawarmoebi, _ misimsoflaRmis ganviTarebis meore qvakuTxedswarmoadgens. masSi gamoTqmuli idea asevedadebiTad mtkicdeba romanSi `eSmakni~, Tumcaiq es uryofiTi formebis meSveobiT xorcield-eba.

13 atavizmis faqtebic da, agreTve, Cveu-lebrivi mSoblebis ojaxSi geniosis gaCenac ad-amianSi iseTi plastebis arsebobas adasturebs,rac arc TviT man icis da arc sxvebma ician.

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daimaxinja. magram rodesac oriveserTmaneTSi vurevT an, ufro swored,araferi vuwyiT imis Taobaze, adamian-Si kidev raime Tu aris garegnuladgamovlenilis garda, _ maSin vamsx-vrevT mis saxebas, _ im mTlians, rom-lis Sesaxeb warmodgenac ki ar gvqon-da. erTbaSad raRac mTavars vexebiT,razec ar gvifiqria, da iseT moulod-nel rames ganvicdiT, rac Cvens mo-sazrebebSi ar Sesula. amgvarad, adami-anis pirovnebis mTel mniSvnelobasmxolod mas mere vxvdebiT, rac ampirovnebas fexiT gavTelavT: maSin ga-mogvecxadeba misi mistikuri da ira-cionaluri sazrisi, magram vai, romukve gviania. dostoevskim amgvarigamocdilebis aucilebloba moxsna,genialurad Seqmnil tiloze mTelidamajereblobiT dagvanaxva braleu-li sindisis mdgomareoba da amiTudidesi istoriuli samsaxuri gagvi-wia.

Tavisi amocana, ramdenadac is tan-jul da gaTelil arsebas, adamians,exeboda, mweralma sakuTriv am ori sa-kiTxis gadaWriT aRasrula. magram amsakiTxebis gadalaxvis Semdeg mas Teo-riuli interesi aReZra da swored aminteresidan gamomdinare dosto-evskim im ukidegano sivrceSi Seabija,rasac samyaros nakerebis Seswavla vu-wodeT. azris am miswrafulobis pirve-li gamokrToma `danaSaulsa dasasjelSi~ vixileT.

raskolnikovisa da sonias SorisgaTamaSebul umZimes scenaSi, am uka-nasknelis CaxuTul oTaxSi, axalgazr-da kacma qals uTxra, rom SeiZlebadasneulebuliyo da maSin mis ojaxs,romlis gulisTvisac man Tavi gaswira,daRupva eloda:

` _ dazogva ar SegiZliaT? SavidRisaTvis gadadeba? – hkiTxa uecradda qals win daudga.

_ ara, _ CurCuliT upasuxa soniam._ ho, ra Tqma unda, ara. gicdiaT ki?

– lamis dacinviT daumata kacma._ micdia._ da CageSalaT! ho, rasakvirvelia!

amas kiTxvac ar undoda!isev mohyva oTaxSi bolTis cemas.

erTi wuTi ase gavida._ albaT yoveldRe ver SoulobT?sonia uwindelze metad Secba da

saxe erTianad aelewa._ vera, _ gaWirvebiT, mtkivneulad

amoTqva._ poleCkas (sonias umcros das) al-

baT igive bedi eweva, _ moulodneladTqva raskolnikovma.

_ ara! ara! es ar moxdeba, ara! –xmamaRla daiyvira soniam iseTi sim-wriT, TiTqos dana daases, _ RmerTi,RmerTi ar dauSvebs am saSinelebas!..

_ sxvebs xom uSvebs!_ ara, ara! mas ar gawiravs RmerTi!..

– TavdaviwyebiT gaimeora qalma._ ki magram, RmerTi, SeiZleba, arc

ki arsebobs, _ raRac ucnauri niSnismogebiT gamoscra raskolnikovma, ga-daixarxara da TvalebSi Caakvirda.sonias erTbaSad saSinlad Seecvalasaxe~14.

amave romanSi raskolnikovsa da misalter egos, mis ukeTur oreuls,svidrigailovs Soris mimdinareobssaubari moCvenebebisa da saiqio sic-ocxlis Sesaxeb.

` _ geTanxmebiT, _ ambobs svid-rigailovi, _ moCvenebebi mxolodsneulebs ecxadebian; magram es xommxolod imas adasturebs, rom moC-venebebi SeiZleba mxolod sneulebsgamoecxadon, imas ki ara, rom isini,TavisTavad, ar arseboben. moCvenebe-bi, ase vTqvaT, sxva samyaroTa nakuwe-bi, namsxvrevebia, am samyaroTa dasa-bami. jansaR adamians, cxadia, maTixilva arafrad argia, radgan jansaRiadamiani yvelaze ufro miwieri adami-

14 `danaSauli da sasjeli~. `dazogvis mcde-lobis~ Sesaxeb am sityvebis Semzaravi azrigaryvnilebis im siCqaresa da sixarbeSi mdgomar-eobs, razedac iZulebulia wavides qaliSvili,mxolod garegnulad, fizikurad romaa gaxrwni-li. aq dostoevski ucnauri jojoxeTuri TviT-gvemiT akvirdeba imas, Tu ra gamalebiT ayenebsgaWirveba dartymebs adamianis suls, - angrevs,afarTovebs xvrels, raTa masSi Sinaganma gaxrw-nilobamac SeaRwios.

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ani gaxlavT da, maSasadame, mxolodsaaqao cxovrebiT unda icxovros, misisisavsisa da wesrigisaTvis. magramrogorc ki dasneuldi, rogorc ki or-ganizmSi normaluri miwieri wesrigidairRva, maSinve marTldeba saiqiosamyaros SesaZlebloba da, rac ufrometad xar avad, saiqiosTan Sexebiswertilebic miT ufro matulobs, ise,rom, adamiani sulmTlad roca mokvde-ba, pirdapir saiqioSi gadainacvlebs.amis Sesaxeb raxania vmsjelob. TukigwamT cxovreba mermisa mis saukunisa,maSin am msjelobasac unda daujeroT.

_ me ar mwams cxovreba mermisa missaukunisa, _ Tqva raskolnikovma.svidrigailovi Cafiqrebuli ijda.

_ iqneb iq mxolod obobebisqselebia, anda raRac amdagvari, _ikiTxa erTbaSad.

`SeSlilia~, _ gaifiqra raskolni-kovma.

_ ai, Cven maradisoba mudam Seuc-nobel idead warmogvidgeba, raRacdid, veeba idead! ki magram, ratomaa isaucileblad didi? warmoidgineT, yve-lafer amis nacvlad iq erTaderTicicqna oTaxi rom dagvxvdes, ai,sofelSi rom abanoebi dgas, iseTi. gam-Wvartluli kedlebiT, yvela kunWul-Si ki obobebi dafusfuseben _ egecSeni maradisoba. iciT, xSirad sworedes melandeba.

_ nuTu araferi, araferi amazeufro manugeSebeli da samarTliani arwarmogidgebaT?! _ gulistkiviliTSesZaxa raskolnikovma (manamde svid-rigailovTan saubari saerTod ar su-rda).

_ samarTliani? vin icis, iqneb sa-marTlianic swored es iyos, da iciT,Cemi neba rom iyos, swored ase movawy-obdi, _ ucnauri RimiliT upasuxasvidrigailovma.

raskolnikovs am umsgavso pasuxisgagonebisTanave raRac susxma da-uara~15.

aq ucnauri ideebis da gancdebis

mogudul atmosferos SevigrZnobT.Tuki igive romani Seicavs danaSaulisgamamarTlebel dialeqtikas, magrammTlianobaSi suli mainc ixdis misTvissasjels; aq iseT dialeqtikas vxvdeb-iT, ̀ axal samyaroTa~ aRiarebamde romadis, gancda ki saukuno sazRaulis sa-kiTxSi amazrzen obobebamde ecema.`mocaxcaxe suldgmuli~, _ aseuwodebs erTi-orjer romani adamians,_ arc amaze mets imsaxurebs da arcamaze naklebs, arc Tavis danaSaulTaubadrukobiT da arc Tavisi umaqnisisikeTiT.

amis Semdgom religiuri sakiTxiukve aRar qreba dostoevskis nawar-moebebidan: mwerali mas yovel roman-Si exeba, oRondac ise, rom cxadadvgrZnobT: is mas im wuTisaTvis gadas-debs, roca amas Tavisuflad, auCqare-blad, xelisSemSleli garemoebebisgareSe SeZlebs. rogorc iqna, es wuTicmaSin dadga, rodesac `Zmebi karama-zovebi~ daiwera.

VITviT am romanis Seqmnis istoriuli

periodi uaRresad niSandoblivi gax-ldaT: wina mefobis ukanaskneli wle-bi iwureboda. anarqistTa SeTqmule-bebi, xelisuflebis ryeva, xmaurianida gavleniani presa _ yovelive es sa-zogadoebaSi molodinsa da foriaqsaRZravda. partiaTa brZolam ukidu-res daZabulobas miaRwia, magram maT-gan is partia, romlis gezic Cveni is-toriis orsaukunovan mimarTulebasemTxveoda, _ vgulisxmob medasavle-Teebisa da reformebis momxreTa par-tias, _ literaturasa da sazogadoe-baSi ganuzomeli upiratesobiT sarge-blobda. mis ukve moTxovnad qceulyvela imeds rom axdena eweria, _ ama-Si ukve mis mowinaaRmdegebsac ki aRareparebodaT eWvi; am ukanasknelTa mTe-li Zalisxmeva mxolod imasRa xmarde-boda, misi saboloo gamarjveba moklexniT mainc gadaevadebinaT.

swored am dros, TiTqmis erTi me-oris miyolebiT, saboloo sityviT15 iqve.

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gamovida sami yvelaze gavleniani mwe-rali: turgenevi, grafi l. tolstoida, bolos, dostoevski. yvela, vinc kiam nawarmoebebs Tundac mxolod gada-furclavda, wamsve igrZnobda, Tu raorazrovan wuTSi Seiqmnen da raodenaramdgradia yovelive im sazogadoe-baSi, romlis ganwyobebis SedegsacmaTi dawera warmoadgenda.

turgenevi romanSi `siaxle~, ro-gorc yovelTvis, drois mimdinareswrafvebs gamoexmaura, mxolod Sear-bila da garkveul sazRvrebSi moaqcia.misma farTo da mravalmxrivma ga-naTlebam, Tavdapirveli simtkicisarqonam da gamouTqmelma, magram aSka-ra gulgrilobam yvelafris mimarT,garda xelovnebisa, _ yovelive amanukve meramdened aiZula im ideaTa damiswarfebaTa farglebSi Sesvla, ras-Tanac arsebiTad araferi hqonda saer-To. erTxel ganacxada, venera milo-selSi raRac imaze bevrad ueWveli damaradiulia, vidre safrangeTis pirve-li revoluciis principebSio; axla ki,cxovrebis miwuruls, yvelafer imissapirispirod, rasac sicocxle Ses-wira, erTbaSad indoma im adamianTagulis mogeba, visTvisac mSvenierebi-sa da xelovnebis samyaro sruliad um-niSvnelo da uazroa. magram, rogorcmosalodneli iyo, es arabunebrivimcdeloba imdenad naZaladevi da uba-druki gamodga, rom yvela, visTvisacmwerali Zvirfasi iyo Tavisi uwinde-li nawarmoebebiT, am mcdelobas uR-rmesi gulistkivilis gareSe ver umz-erda. es gulistkivili, mis gamo eswuxili garduvalad SeniSna TviT mw-eralmac, ramac misi ukanaskneli na-warmoebebi erTgvarad gamoacocxlada uCveulo koloriti SesZina. nebis-mieri adamiani, Tundac is mwerali ariyos, bunebiT naboZeb simwaresac dasitkbosac msgavsad daatarebs. tur-genevi pirveli aRmoCnda Cven mweral-Ta Soris, evropaSi cnobili rom gax-da. rogorc ki es moaxerxa da mixvda,rom sxva miznisaken svlis dro aRarhqonda, erTbaSad dainaxa, rom yve-

laze mcireds miaRwia, Zvirfasi damniSvnelovani ki xelidan gauxlta.

mis sapirispirod danarCeni ori mw-erali, manamde garkveulwilad tur-genevis CrdilSi rom idga, erTbaSadjer arnaxuli ZaliT ametyvelda. maTixma yovelive imis sawinaaRmdegos am-bobda, rac sazogadoebas surda darasac is moeloda. da Tuki dagvWirda,istoriaSi moviZioT imis magaliTi,rom pirovnebis mniSvneloba da zegav-lena rac SeiZleba ueWvelad da mkaf-iod warmoCindes, _ imaze ukeTess vergamovnaxavT, vidre am ori mwerlisSemoqmedebis ukanaskneli fazebia. ga-reSe reformebiT sayovelTao gatace-bis mwvervalze, cxovrebasa da adami-anSi yovelive Sinaganis, religiuri,mistikuris calsaxa uaryofis Jams,orivem yovelive garegani ukuagdo,gaacamtvera, umniSvnelod gamoacxadada Sinagans da religiurs miubrunda.da sazogadoebac, maTi sityviT Ta-vidan gancvifrebuli, aRSfoTebuli,magram, amavdroulad, monusxulic,jer saTiTaod, mere ki masaSi ibrunapiri da maT gahyva; mis cxovrebaSi gar-datexa moxda da amis wyalobiT dRessruliad sxva gzas vadgvarT, vidremanamde vadeqiT.

`ana karenina~ formis ganumeore-bel srulyofilebas Rrma da mkacrSinaarss uTavsebs. aq gamoyvanil per-sonaJTa yvela jgufze Semoqmedisazri gabatonebula, ufro metad, vi-dre ̀ omsa da mSvidobaSi~; es maT ufromWidrod aerTianebs da mTel nawar-moebs Sekrulobasa da sisavses ani-Webs. jgufebi da scenebi naklebadaagafantul-gamijnuli, naklebad Ta-visuflad cocxloben, TiTqos sadRacwin ganTavsebuli uxilavi centris-kenaa momarTuli. ̀ omisa da mSvidobis~epikuri simSvidis nacvlad `ana ka-reninaSi~ raRac iseT mfrTxalsavgrZnobT, raRacis Ziebas vamCnevT,romanis yvela movlenasa da saxes mo-zomil auCqareblobas rom aniWebs.amis wyalobiT nawarmoebi lirizmiTaagajerebuli. `omsa da mSvidobasTan~

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gamoTxovebisas mkiTxveli mkafio kmy-ofilebas ganicdis; `ana kareninas~dasrulebis Semdgom, piriqiT, SeS-foTebasa da uxerxulbas ganicdis.glova, sulisSemZvreli SiSi, cxovre-bis mimarT siZulvili da adamianisxvedris sibraluli – es yvelaferierTurTs erwymis da yovlad gausa-Zlisi xdeba; mkiTxveli Tavs ver ioke-bs da saSvelad isev im did SemoqmedsmimarTavs, ase rom SeaSfoTa. am uka-nasknelmac didxans ar alodina; `anakarenina~ aRmoCnda prologi immoZRvrebisa, romelsac misi avtori,ager ukve aTi weliwadia, aviTarebs,zogjer pirdapir, zogjer ki ale-goriebis saxiT. eWvsa da rwmenas Sorismeryeobs, mxolod uaryofaSia uryevi,raimis mtkicebisas ki mudam WoWmanobsda Tavisi bolodroindeli Txzulebe-bis mTeli wyebiT TiTqos pasuxis ma-Ziebel skepticizms ganasaxierebs:`raRac idumali RmerTi rom mwams,amas vgrZnob, magram romeli RmerTimwams – es ver gamigia~, _ Tavisi uka-naskneli Txzulebebis mTelisazrisiT TiTqos swored amas gveub-neba tolstoi.

dostoevskis romani `ana karenina-sagan~ formiT mkveTrad gansxvavdeba,is, cota ar iyos, gaWianurebuli, wyve-tili, epizoduria, magram suliskveT-ebiTa da sazrisiT orive erTgvarova-nia. `Zmebi karamazovebi~ sulieri ana-lizis, filosofuri ideebisa da re-ligiuri swrafvis eWvTan brZolissinTezs warmoadgens. magram masSiufro farTo amocanaa dasaxuli: Tukitolstois romanSi naCvenebia, Tu ragarduvalad da Semzaravad iRupebagzas acdenili adamiani, Tumca es gzaTavdapirvelad mas ar aurCevia, dos-toevskisTan gaxsnilia momakvdavi si-cocxlis wiaRSi axali sicocxlis da-badebis saidumlo. moxuci karamazovierTgvarad sikvdilisa da xrwnis misisulieri bunebis yvela stiqiamTiTqos dakarga gamaerTianebeli cen-tri da Cven cxadad SevigrZnobT mis-gan gamosul gvamis simyrales. masSi

maregulirebeli norma dairRva, misiSiganidan amoZvra yovelive myrali,rac ki adamianis sulSi daleqila, da,rasac ekareba, yvelafers bilwavs.rusul literaturaSi jer arasodesSeqmnila aseTi saxe, romlisTvisacaranairi Sinagani Tu gareSe kanoni ararsebobs: uweso, yvela kanonis mlan-ZRveli, yoveli siwmindis SembRalve-li, _ ai, misi saxeli da gansazRvreba.es mxatvruli saxe ZiriTadad marTe-bulad moxazuli, Tumca metismetadumowyalo simboloa Cveni sazogadoe-bisa, romelic yovelgvari tradiciisuaryofiT miiwevs win, verc erTi re-ligia bolomde ver gaiTavisa, TumcaRrmad swams, rom, raxania, imdenad gan-viTara, rom yvela religiasa davaldebulebaze maRla dgas. personaJ-Si gaxsnilia sazogadoebis mTavariniSani: Sinagani Semakavebeli normisararaseboba da, aqedan gamomdinare,yovelives gaSiSvlebuli, avxorcindoma, romelic nebismier mosayve-dures saxeSi utifrad Sescinis. amgaxrwnili gvamis simyraleSi izrdebi-an misi naSierni. mis oTxive vaJs SorisSeiZleba Sinagani Sesabamisoba vipov-oT, romelis urTierTdapirispirebiskanons emorCileba. smerdiakovi, esmiazmi, es dampali CenCo im Teslisa,`miwaSi rom Cavarda da mokvda~, erTg-vari sapirispiro polusia umwikvloalioSasi, romelic sakuTar TavSiaxal sicocxles itevs, msgavsad imnorCi ylortisa, Tavisi bneli samari-dan mzis sinaTleze dedis mkvdariorganizmis maradi aRorZinebis kano-ni rom amoaqvs. yovelive momakvdavisaRdgomis saidumloeba am dapiri-spirebaSi saukeTesodaa gadmocemuli.mesame vaJi, TavSekavebuli da gul-CaTxrobili ivan fiodoroviCi, upir-ispirdeba dimitris, uTavbolos, ga-fantuls, keTili miswrafebebis mqo-nes, magram yovelgvar normas gada-cdenils, _ maSin, rodesac swored esnorma ivaneSia koncentrirebuli.rogorc dimitri miiwevs alioSasken,aseve ivanes aqvs raRac saerTo smer-

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diakovTan. ivane `uaRresad afasebs~alioSas, oRond – mxolod, rogorcTavis sapirispiro poluss, Tanac Ta-vis tolfass. ai, dimitrisTan kisruliad araferi aqvs saerTo; am Zme-bis urTierToba wmindad garegnuliada es imaze ufro mniSvnelovania, romdasasruls mas SeiZleba lamis mtru-lic ki vuwodoT. amis sapiripirod,ivanesa da smerdiakovs Soris erTg-vari naTesaoba ikveTeba: erTi meorisgadakruli sityvac ki esmiT, ise gamoe-laparakebian erTmaneTs, TiTqos du-milis drosac ki ar SeewyvitaTsaubari. maTi kavSiri iseTive ueWve-lia, rogorc alioSasa da dimitriskavSiri. Tuki alioSas arsebaSi gan-wmendili saxiT gamovlinda dastur-isa da sicocxlis Zala, ivaneSi, piri-qiT – uaryofisa da sikvdilis,borotebis Zala gamovlinda. smerdia-kovi mxolod misi CenCoa, misi dampaligamonazardi, da rasakvirvelia, adami-anis bunebaSi davanebuli borotebaimdenad ubadruki rodia, mxolod si-maxinjeSi rom gamoixatos. cxadia, masZala da xiblic axasiaTebs da sworedes gamovlinda ivaneSi. dimitrisaRorZineba uweria; is tanjviT ganiw-mindeba da axali cxovrebisaTvis xe-laxla daibadeba; is jerac emzadeba`axali adamianis~ misaRebad, magramukve igrZno sakuTar TavSi misi Casax-va; iq, cimbirSi, maRaroTa gansawmen-delSi emzadeba `RvTis sagaloblis~aRsavlenad. ganwmenda sicocxlisZalas uRvivebs: ̀ aTas tanjvaSi – maincvarsebob, vikrunCxvi, vgodeb – damainc vsunTqav!~ _ ambobs is sasamarT-los wina dRes, rodesac windawingrZnobs, rom katorRas miusjian. yo-fierebis am wyurvilSi da, amavdrou-lad, imis dauokebel wyurvilSi, tan-jvis fasad mainc Seiqnas misi Rirsi, _amaSi dostoevskim istoriis uRrmesida iqneb yvelaze arsebiTi, cen-traluri niSani amoicno. SesaZloa,adamians mxolod amaSi SerCa sikeTisupiratesoba borotTan, raSic ase saz-arladaa CaZiruli, riTac misi TiToe-

li nabiji, TiToeuli fiqria daR-dasmuli. magram mis miRma, mTeli amWuWyis qveS, romelSic adamiani, aTas-wleulebia, rogorc SlamSi, isedaRoRavs, adamians mainc SerCenia winRoRvisa da odesme naTelSi gaRwevisSeupovari wyurvili, yvela suldg-mulze rom aRamaRlebs da gvidas-turebs, rom is nebismier tanjvaSi,warmoudgenel gansacdelSi sab-olood mainc ar aris daRupuli. amaSiunda veZioT axna imis, Tu ratom vi-brunebT pirs TviTmkvlelobisagan,ratom vZrwiT mis winaSe ufro meta-dac, vidre mkvlelobis winaSe, ratomgveCveneba, rom is raRac ufro maRalkanonsac ki arRvevs. religia kicxavsTviTmkvlelobas, rogorc iseT dana-Sauls, romlis gamosyidva SeuZlebe-lia. racionaluri TvalsazrisiT mas,ra Tqma unda, mSvidad unda SevxedoTda TiToeul adamians ufleba mivceT,Tavad gadawyvitos, icocxlos Tu aricocxlos. magram sayovelTao da uze-naesi kanoni, romelic, raRa Tqma unda,mistikuri warmoSobisaa, Zalda-tanebiT gvaiZulebs yvelas – vicocx-loT, iTxovs amas, rogorc valde-bulebas, romelic ufleba ar gvaqvs,CamovixsnaT. Tuki dimitri karama-zovi, mankieri da ubeduri, mainc xe-laxla dabadebas izeimebs, radgan mispirovnebas safuZvlad sikeTe udevs,_ ivane, romelsac garegnulad cx-ovrebis farTo gza gadaeSala, maRal-ganviTarebuli gonebisa da Zlieri xa-siaTis miuxedavad, mainc im ufskru-lis piras dgas, romelSic smerdiakoviCavarda. is uaryofisa da borotebismZlavri matarebelia, didxans Seerk-ineba sikvdils, romelic uaryofiserTaderT bunebriv daskvnas warmoad-gens. da mainc, bunebis maradi kanone-bi masac daamarcxebs, Zala gamoecle-ba da isic smerdiakovis msgavsad daiR-upeba.

gasaocaria am meoTxe Zmis ukanas-kneli dReebi, ivanesTan mis pirvel,meore da mesame SexvedrebSi romaa aR-werili. aqac iseve, rogorc `dana-

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Saulsa da sasjelSi~, mxolod dosto-evskisTvis cnobili raRac sagangebofandis wyalobiT, gansakuTrebulfsiqikur atmosferoSi veqceviT,romelic sulisSemxuTavi da bnelia,_ jer verafers vxedavT, jer TviTfaqtamdec ar migviRwevia, magrambunebis kanonTa darRvevisa da raRacmoaxloebuli danaSaulis winaSe mis-tikur SiSs ganvicdiT, mis molodinSivcaxcaxebT. es siZulvili, romliTacis axla umzers ivanes, vinc STaagona,`yvelaferi nebadarTuliao~; wigni`wminda isaak asuris swavlani~, romel-mac misi baliSis qveS frangulileqsikoni Secvala, is ucnauri siS-legis Setevebi, ris Sesaxebac misi di-asaxlisi laparakobs (Tumca Cven misqcevaSi ucnaurs verafers varCevT);dabolos, qaRaldebis is dasta,romelsac windidan iRebs, ivane ki amisSemxedvare TrTis, _ TviTonac jer aricis, ratom – da kedlisken ixevs; dasaxeldobr mkvlelobis ambavi, rasacTviTonve hyveba, mkvlelis, Tavisiukanono Svilisa da gandobili laqias,ususuri da Wkuasusti araraobiswinaSe msxverplis umizezo SiSi – esyovelive ukiduresad Semzaravia daamas kvlavac danaSaulis samyaroSigadavyavarT. sayuradReboa, rom, rad-ganac aq darRveuli bunebrivi kanoniimaze didia, rac `danaSaulsa da sas-jelSia~ aRwerili, mkvlelis garSemoSeqmnili atmosfero raRacnairadufro sulisSemxuTavi da damTrgunve-lia, vidre raskolnikovis SemTxveva-Si. ai, ratomaa, am ukanasknelma sic-ocxle rom ar moiswrafa. mas kidevSerCa sicocxlis azri da ramden-imewliani sasjelis Semdeg is wyvdia-didan isev mzis sinaTleze gamova.smerdiakovs araferi gaaCnda, risgamoc uRirda cxovreba; SesaZloa,sadRac misTvisac anaTebda mze daciuri naTeli, magram aSkaraa, is amnaTelTan ver miaRwevda. marTlac,pirvelive nabijebisas sulSexuTulidaeca Zirs. ivanesTan ukanaskneli Sex-vedra, misTvis im fulis gadacema,

romlis gamoc mkvleloba Caidina,gangebis Sesaxeb warmoTqmuli sityve-bi – yovelive es im adamianis sulSigvaxedebs, TviTmkvlelobisagan suloriode saaTi rom aSorebs: es saidum-lo jer aravis aRuweria, arc erTicocxlisTvis ar gadaucia.

aq gvinda ramdenime sityviT davax-asiaToT ori Zmis, _ mamis mkvlelisada am mkvlelobaSi gareulis – epilef-siis Setevebi. es ukanaskneli, rogorcviciT, Civis, eSmaki makiTxavso _`amazrzeni, ubadruki Winka~; xolopirveli gangebisa da RvTis Sesaxebsaubrobs, romelic mas ecxadeba. man-amde orive mtkice aTeisti iyo. dos-toevskiseul Txrobas guldasmiT TuCavufiqrdebiT, cxadi gaxdeba, romivan fiodoroviCis udides tanjvasswored halucinaciebi warmoadgens.gavixsenoT, rogor uTxra alioSas:`amas is getyoda~; ra gafacicebiT us-mens Tanamosaubres, rocaki sababieZleva irwmunos, rom sxvamac icis eS-makis gamocxadebis SesaZleblobisSesaxeb (`vinaa is? vin imyofeba? vin –mesame?~ _ SeSfoTebuli ekiTxebasmerdiakovs); gavixsenoT is gamyinavisusxi, romelic TiTqos gulze miekro,rodesac smerdiakovTan mesame Sex-vedris Semdeg Tavis saxls miuaxlov-da da gonebaSi gauelva, `stumari~,SesaZloa, ukve melodebao; halucina-ciebis Semdeg TiTqmis qviTiniT war-moTqmuli sityvebic: `ara, icis, riTgamawamos... usaSvelod cbieria...~`alioSa, vin bedavs, aseTi SekiTxvebidamisvas... Sen daafrTxe, Sen, umwikvloqerubimma...~ _ da a. S. Tuki am aTeis-tis civ da TavSekavebul kilos, mismarTlac mZlavr bunebas gavixsenebT,Zlieri kacis aslukunebul bavSvad,SeSinebul qalad es gadaqceva ucxade-sad gviCvenebs, Tu raoden mtanjveliamisi halucinaciebi. ̀ xval jvarze vec-mevi, saxrCobelaze ki ar aval~, _ am-bobs imave halucinaciis Semdeg, ro-desac sasamarTloSi yvelafris moyo-las gadawyvets. misi analogiiT Sei-Zleba vivaraudoT, rom smerdiakovsac

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msgavsi ram stanjavda. sakuTriv mkv-lelobis mogonebebi da sinanuli misiCadenis Semdeg pirvelsave dReebSiufro Zlieri unda yofiliyo, magramam dros smerdiakovi jer kidev sru-liad mSvidia; misi sneuleba da SeSli-loba ramenime kviris Semdeg iwyeba;iseve, rogorc ivan fiodoroviCisSemTxvevaSi, es mudmivi ar gaxlavT,aramed drodadro, Setevebis saxiTemarTeba. gansxvaveba mxolod isaa,rom `is mesame~, vis sixlovesac smer-diakovi sxvaTa TandaswrebiTac kigrZnobs, RmerTia, `Tavad gangebaa~;miuxedavad amisa, aqve, rodesac ivaneRvTis Sesaxeb ekiTxeba, ise pasuxobs,TiTqos es saqmes sulac ar exeba: `ara,ar virwmune~. cxadi xdeba, rom is,razedac Tavis droze saubrobdnen darac gadawyvites, sruliad gansxvavde-boda imisagan, rac mas mere SerCaT xe-lSi, rac bunebis kanoni daarRvies.erTma iseTi ram aRiqva, rasac ̀ eSmaks~uwodebs, meorem is, rasac `gangebas~uwodebs, magram orivesTvis es raRacsruliad moulodneli aRmoCnda; yve-la is sityva, riTac winaT saiqio sic-ocxlesa da RmerTs gansazRvravdnen,azrsmoklebuli da arafrismTqmeligamodga. Tuki ivanesTan paralels gan-vagrZobT, unda vivaraudoT, rom swo-red `stumris~ moaxlovebiT aRZrulSiSs mihyavda smerdiakovi SeSlilo-bamde da TviTmkvlelobiskenac manveubiZga. nebismieri adamianisa ar iyos,manac naklebi tanjvis gza airCia. Cans,mtanjveli aCrdilis gamyinavi Sexeb-is kidev erTxel gancdas Tavis Camoxr-Cobisas fizikuri tkivili erCivna.

smerdiakovis Setevebs avtori araRgviwers, isini, rogorc Cans, ivanfiodoroviCis dawvrilebiT aRwerilzmanebaze bevrad ufro mZafria. arse-bobs cnoba, rom, rodesac `Zmebi kara-mazovebi~ JurnalSi ibeWdeboda, erT-ma fsiqiatrma dostoevskis miswera16

da gaoceba gamoTqva imis gamo, Tu

raoden daemTxva mis mier aRweriliimas, rac TviTon SeuniSnavs amgvarSetevebaze obieqturi dakvirvebisas;cxadia, gareSe damkvirvebelma ara-feri icis halucinaciis SinaarsisSesaxeb, dostoevskisTan ki sworedamas exdeba farda. avtori mas, cota ariyos, damcinavi kiloTi aRwers, Tum-ca, Tuki mis Txzulebebs gadavxedavT,SevniSnavT, rom is Tavis sayvarelideebs17 Tavsa da boloSi mudam msub-uqi ironiis CarCoSi aqcevs, _ yovelSemTxvevaSi, am xerxs yovelTvis mimar-Tavda, rocaki moeloda, rom misideebs masxrad aigdebdnen. rogorcCans, maincdamainc ar surda mkiTxvel-Ta masis gadamtereba, magram zogierTrames sul uTqmeladac ver tovebda.halucinaciis dros ivan fiodoroviCsmisi obieqturobisa ar sjera, ufrozustad: ar sjera manam, vidre avadaa.piriqiT: roca janmrTelia, roca esxilva aRar ewveva, mis realobaSi eWviar epareba; metic: mis garda aRarafer-ze fiqrobs da mxolod mas ufrTxis.jansaR mdgomareobaSi myofi sneulissityvebi metismetad seriozulia damaTi gadmocemisas avtoric mudamraRac daJinebiTaa gafacicebuli. esyovelive dostoevskis orbunebi-anobas, mis malul arss warmogviCensmaSin, rodesac is ̀ ivan fiodoroviCiskoSmars~ agviwers: cxadia, is mxolodhalucunaciis Sinaarsis gadmocemasar apirebda; misi lamis damcinavi ki-los miRma gulwrfeli mosazrebaimaleba. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom svid-rigailovis azri `sxva samyaroTaSesaxeb, romelTa nakuwebs avadmyo-fur mdgomareobaSi myofi adamiani xe-davs~, sulac TviT dostoevskis mo-sazrebaa. ase Tu ise, is xuces zosimesukve yovelgvari ironiis gareSeaTqmevinebs:

16 Tuki es werili Semoinaxa, vfiqrom, misigamoqveyneba Zalze saintereso iqneboda.

17 magaliTisaTvis, aseTia sasamarTlo pro-cesze prokuroris sityva, romelsac mTlianadprokurorisadmi mimarTuli dacinvis elferidahkravs. arada, mis mier gamoTqmuli araerTimosazreba mxolod gameorebaa im ideebisa, racdostoevskim manamde `mwerlis dRiurSi~gamoTqva.

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`amqveynad bevri ramaa CvenTvis da-faruli, magram mis sanacvlod naboZe-bi gvaqvs miRmierTan, zeciur sam-yarosTan cocxali kavSiris idumaligancda, Tanac, Cven fiqrebsa dagrZnobebs aq ki ara, sxva samyaroebSiaqvT fesvi gadgmuli. amitomac sagan-Ta arss miwaze ver vwvdebiT. RmerTmasxva samyaroTagan aiRo Teslebi, amCvens miwaze daTesa, aayvava walkotiTvisi da yvelaferma gaixara, rasacamosvla ewera, magram yovelive gaz-rdili da ayvavebuli mxolod sxva sam-yarosTan SexebiT suldgmulobs; TukiCvenSi am kavSiris gancda sustdeba ansulac qreba, maSin isic kvdeba, ramacSenSi gaixara da fesvi gaidga. Tuki esmoxda, sicocxlis mimarT gulgrilo-ba dageufleba da SeiZuleb kidec si-cocxles~18.

es sityvebi gasaocaria Tavisi RrmaSinaarsiTac, rwmenis ZaliTac da imsaxeebis simSveniereTic, romlebic,vfiqrob, Zalian axlosaa saganTa ar-sTan. Cvens mxatvrul literaturaSi,ase ganuzomlad rom gauswro Cvenimecnierebis dune winsvlas, es meoreSemTxvevaa19, rodesac avtori WvretisiseT simaRles aRwevs, rasac platonisgarda sul oriode vinmem Tu miaRwia.damnaSavis gancdebSi dostoevski,uTuod, xedavda `sxva samyaroebTan~Sexebas, erTbaSad mkafio da sagrZno-bi rom gaxda, maSin, rodesac Cveu-lebrivi adamianebisTvis, visac buneb-is kanoni ar SeubRalavs, es SexebaSeugrZnoblad da gaucnobierebladarsebobs.

dostoevki rom uxeSi SecdomisaganSorsaa da rom arc Cven vsCadiT mas,rodesac mis bolomde gamouTqmelazrs vayalibebT, amas is pasuxi gvidas-turebs, romlis gacemac gviwevs orsakiTxze; es sakiTxebi wamoiWrebarogorc `danaSaulisa da sasjelis~,ise ̀ Zmeb karamazovebSi~ mamis mkvlel-

Ta Sexvedris scenis kiTxvisas: risxarjze gvesmis ase mkafiod damnaSave-Ta sulieri mdgomareoba, romelicTviTon ar gamogvicdia? da ratomaa,rom danaSaulis CadeniT adamiani sxvadanarCen adamianebTan SedarebiTTavisi danaSaulis Tanafard siRrmezeecema, magram raRac erTi Tval-sazrisiT, piriqiT, maTze ganuzomladufro did simaRleze adis? smerdiak-ovi, danaSaulis Cadenamde ivaneswinaSe mocaxcaxe mweri rom iyo, _ misiCadenis Semdeg ise esaubreba ivanes,TiTqos Zalauflebis matarebeli,mbrZanebeli yofiliyos. ivane amasgaocebiT amCnevs da wamoiZaxebs: `se-riozuli xar, imaze gonieri yofilx-ar, vidre megona.~ raskolnikovi, dan-aSaulamde adamianebs Soris mxolodprimus inter pares rom iyo, misi Cad-enis Semdeg maT dones calsaxadscildeba; mas mxolod svidrigailovi,masaviT mkvleli, esabreba ise, ro-gorc Tavis tolsa da swors, da dam-cinavad SeniSnavs, rom maT `SexebisraRac saerTo wertili~ aqvT. es yove-live ganmartebas moiTxovs da CveniseT axnas gamovTqvamT, romelic dam-ajereblad migvaCnia. Tuki, miuxeda-vad imisa, rom danaSauli ar Cagvide-nia, damnaSavis gancdebi CvenTvismainc gasagebia da dostoevskis kiTx-visas misi fantaziis mravalferovne-ba ki ar gvaocebs, aramed miseuli ana-lizis ostatobasa da siRrmes vaqebT,maS, gana cxadi ar aris, rom SefasebisraRac sazoms vflobT, riTac iseTiramis gadmocemis damajereblobasganvsjiT, wesiT, CvenTvis sruliadgaugebari rom unda iyos. gana aSkaraar aris, rom erTaderTi aseTi sazomiam mdgomareobis winaswari codnaa,romelsac TviTonac ki ver vacno-bierebT; magram, ai, sxva Cvens mier jerargancdil mdgomareobas gvixatavs damis pasuxad CvenSi manamde dafarulicodna iRviZebs. roca es Sinagani cod-na CvenTvis garedan mowvdils emTxve-va, mxolod amis xarjze vaskvniT, romes ukanaskneli marTebulia. Tuki

18 `Zmebi karmazovebi~, `xuces zosimessaubrebisa da darigebebidan~.

19 vgulisxmobT lermontovis cnobil leqss`SuaRamis caze angelozi frenda...~

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Tanxvedra ver Sedga, mwerlisaganmowvdil codnas mcdarad miviCnevT,_ Tumca is iseT rames exeba, razedac,rogorc Cans, aranairi warmodgena arSeiZleba gagvaCndes. es ucnauri faq-ti Cveni sulis uRrmes saidumlos, missirTules gviaSkaravebs: Cveni sulimxolod imisgan rodi Sedgeba, rac mas-Si mkafiod SeiniSneba (magaliTad, Cve-ni goneba gacnobierebul azrTa, cno-baTa, warmodgenaTa simravles aRe-mateba); masSi bevri ram aris iseTi, risSesaxeb TviTonac ki ar gvaqvs warmod-gena, magram es gamoucnobi mxolodcalkeul, gansakuTrebul momentebSiiCens Tavs. ufro xSirad, Cveni sulisWeSmarit Sinaarss sicocxlis bolom-de ar vicnobT; arc im samyaros namd-vil saxes vxedavT, romelSic vcx-ovrobT, radgan is imisdamixedviTicvlis saxes, Tu ra fiqriTa da grZno-biT vumzerT. danaSaulis Cadeni-sTanave Cveni sulidan erT-erTi bne-li wyaro gadmoedineba. imwamsve Cnde-ba is sulieri Zafebi, samyarosa dayovelive masSi mcxovrebs rom aer-Tianebs. swored amis codna, sxvebi-saTvis jerac dafaruli, damnaSavesgarkveulwilad yvela danarCen adami-anze aamaRlebs. amieridan is sicocx-lis da sikvdilis kanonebs SeigrZnobs:rogorc ki maT gadaabija, igrZno, romerTgan gawyvita aseTi Zafi da amiT,raRacnairad, Tavi daiRupa. is, rac masRupavs, risi SegrZnebac mxolod misidarRvevis xarjze ZalgviZs, _ gar-kveuli gagebiT swored is `sxva sam-yaroa, romelTanac urTierTSexebaSiSedis~; Cven ki am samyaros mxolod gu-maniT, bundovani winaTgrZnobiT vva-raudobT.

rogorc vTqviT, ̀ Zmeb karamazoveb-Si~ adamianis sulis didma analitiko-sma momakvdavi sicocxlis wiaRSi axa-li sicocxlis dabadeba dagvanaxa.gamoucnobi, idumali kanonebis Tanax-mad, amgvari aRorZineba bunebis Ti-Toeul arsSi xdeba; umTavresi, rasac

masSi vxedavT, sikvdil-sicocxlisganuyoflobaa, SeuZlebloba sicoc-xlis srulqmnisa sikvdilis srulqm-nis gareSe. swored amiT aixsneba dos-toevskis mier Tavisi bolo nawarmoe-bisaTvis am epigrafis SerCeva: `WeS-maritad, WeSmaritad geubnebiT Tqven:Tuki miwaze davardnili puris marcva-li ar mokvda, calad darCeba, xolo Tumokvda, uamrav nayofs gamoiRebs~(ioanes saxareba, 12:24). dacema, sik-vdili, xrwna mxolod axali, ukeTesisicocxlis sawindaria. swored aseunda SevxedoT istorias; amgvar xed-vas unda SeveCvioT maSinac, rodesacCven garSemo xrwnis elementebs vamC-nevT: mxolod is gvixsnis sasowar-kveTilebisagan da mtkice rwmeniTaRgvavsebs maSin, rodesac gveCveneba,rom yvelanairi rwmena sruliad Seu-Zlebelia. mxolod is Seesabameba dro-Ta nakadis warmmarTvel yovlisSem-Zle Zalebs, is, da ara Cveni gonebissusti, mbJutavi naTeli, arc Cveni SiSiTu sazrunavi, riTac istoriasvavsebT, mis marTvas ki ver vaxerxebT.

magram dostoevskis mier Cafiqre-bul grandiozul tilos dasrulebaar uweria. wyvdiadis, qaosis, ngreviswarmodgenebs TviT xelovanis sulSiueWvelad ukavSirdeboda harmoniis,erTiani wyobis, Tanmimdevrulobisararseboba. ̀ Zmeb karamazovebSi~ arse-biTad mxolod Zvelis sikvdilia asax-uli. is, rac misi wiaRidan unda aR-mocendes, mxolod Zunwad da garegnu-ladaa moniSnuli. Tu rogor xdeba sax-eldobr aRorZineba, es saidumlodostoevskim saflavSi Caitana. `dana-Saulisa da sasjelis~ bolo gverdiTTu vimsjelebT, mwerali mTeli sic-ocxlis manZilze swored am aRor-Zinebis gadmosacemad emzadeboda daes, rogorc iqna, `Zmeb karamazovebis~momdevno tomebSi unda ganxorciele-buliyo, magram avtoris sikvdilma esSeuZlebeli gaxada. dostoevskimTavisi cxovrebis umniSvnelovanesi

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amocanis mxolod dasaxva moaswro, ma-gram ver aRasrula.

miuxedavad amisa, is, rac mas winuZRoda, Canafiqris mTeli sifarTo-viT da wvdomis mTeli siRrmiTaa Ses-rulebuli, arc Cvensa da arc ucxourliteraturaSi msgavsi rom ar moiZeb-neba. vgulisxmobT `legendas didiinkvizitoris Sesaxeb~. zemoT aRvniS-neT, rom nebismieri sicocxle, romel-ic keTilisa da borotis erTianobaswarmoadgebs, kvdomisas sufTa saxiTgamohyofs rogorc sikeTes, iseborotebasac. ̀ legendaSi~ Seudarebe-li STambeWdaobiT swored es uka-nasknelia warmodgenili: mas garduva-li daRupva uweria, Tumca es mxolodsikeTesTan Serkinebis Semdegaa Sesa-Zlebeli.

VIIpatara duqanSi, tixris ukan er-

TurTs cxovrebaSi pirvelad xvdebaori Zma: meocnebe da RvTismosavi Wa-buki alioSa, _ xuces zosimes sayvare-li morCili, Cvelebrivi cxovrebiseu-li gzidan sul advilad rom gadaux-via da monasterSi ganmartoveba arCia,_ da masze wlovanebiTa da gamoc-dilebiT ufrosi ivane. oTxi Zmidanmxolod es orni iyvnen ded-mamiT Zme-bi, dimitri da smerdiakovi ki mxolodmamiT enaTesavebodnen. ukve oTxi Tvegasuliyo, rac isini erTurTs xangr-Zlivi ganSorebis Semdeg Sexvdnen da,ai, axlaRa mouwiaT pirispir saubari,maSin, rodesac erTurTs xelmeoredda iqneb samudamodac unda daSordnen.am Tveebis manZilze alioSa cnobis-moyvared akvirdeboda Zmas, romlismsoflmxedvelobisa da ganaTlebisSesaxeb icoda; TviTonac SeniSnavdadrodadro ivanes daJinebul mzeras.erTi meoresTan dumils arCevdnen,arada mxolod erTi meorisaTvis hqon-daT raime saTqmeli, sxvebTan an gul-grilad saubrobdnen, an Tavmdablad(alioSa – zosimesTan), anda mbrZa-

neblurad (ivane – miusovTan). isinierTma amosavalma wertilma daakav-Sira; da, Tumca misgan gamosv-lisTanave urTierTsapirispiro geziaiRes da mas mere maTi gzebi arsadgadakveTila, magram am wertilSi siax-love ufro mniSvnelovani da cxovre-biseuli aRmoCnda, vidre sulieri gan-viTarebis gverdiTi StoebiT sxva ad-amianebTan urTierTSexeba. amassaukeTesod gamoxatavs maTi saubrisSesavali epizodi:

`_ ras gadardebs Cemi gamgzavreba?– eubneba ivane alioSas, _ me da Sendro kidev Tavze sayreli gvaqvs. mTe-li maradisoba, mTeli ukvdaveba!

_ xval Tu miemgzavrebi, eg raRa ma-radisobaa?

_ me da Sen eg sul ar gvexeba, _gaecina ivanes, _ Cveni saTqmelis Tq-mas xom mainc movaswrebT, Cvensas, ris-Tvisac aq movsulvarT! ras momCere-bixar? aq risTvis movsulvarT? be-rikacze da dimitrize salaparakod?an iqneb ucxoeTze? Tu ruseTis sabe-diswero mdgomareobaze? imperatornapoleonze? asea, amisTvis?

_ ara, amisTvis ar movsulvarT._ maS, TviTonve xvdebi, ratomac.

vis _ ra, Cven ki, cxvirmouxocavebs,sul sxva ram gvWirdeba. Cven upirve-lesad maradi sakiTxebis gadaWra gvwa-dia. mTeli axalgazrda ruseTi axlamaradiuli sakiTxebis garda aRara-ferze kamaTobs. swored axla, rocabebrebi erTianad praqtikuli sakiTx-ebis gadaWras Seudgnen. es sami TvearisTvis momCerebixar? ginda gamom-kiTxo: `rogor gwams da gwams ki saer-Tod?~

_ albaT asecaa, _ gaeRima aloSas,_ axla xom aRar migdeb masxrad, Zmao?

_ masxrado? aba, rogor vawyeninebCems Zamikos, sami Tvea momlodinedrom Semomcqeris? alioSa, kargad Se-momxede, mec xom swored SenisTana pa-tara biWi var, mxolod morCili ar var.rusi biWebi dRemde, xom ici, rogor

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moqmedeben, zogierTebi, cxadia? ai,Tundac es aqoTebuli duqani, hoda,aqaur kunWulSi iyrian Tavs. manamdemTeli cxovreba erTmaneTs ar icnobd-nen da duqnidan gamovlen Tu ara,kidev ormoci wliT daiviwyeben erTimeores. hoda, duqanSi wuTiT Camo-sxdebian Tu ara, raze daiwyebenmsjelobas? msoflio sakiTxebze – aba,maS, rogor: RvTis da ukvdavebis arse-boba-ararsebobaze. visac RmerTi arswams, isini socilizm-anarqizmze wam-oiwyeben baass, mTeli kacobriobisaxal yaidaze gadakeTebis gegmebsdasaxaven, _ es ki igive jandaba gamo-dis, isev is sakiTxebi, oRond sxvamxridan. da uamravi, uamravi Zalzeoriginaluri biWuna Cvens droSi sxvaarafriTaa dakavebuli: sul maradiulsakiTxebze msjelobs. ase ar aris?

_ ho, WeSmariti rusisaTvis RvTi-sa da ukvdavebis sakiTxi an kidev, Senrogorc Tqvi, meore bolodan wamow-yebuli igive sakiTxebi, umniSvnelov-anesi da upirvelesia da asec undaiyos, _ warmosTqva alioSam da Zmasisev im mSvidi, gamomcdeli RimiliTdaakvirda.~

`asec unda iyos~ _ Zmebi erTurTsswored am frazam dauaxlova. moyvani-li amonaridi samudamod istoriuladdarCeba da, vfiqrob, marTlac iyodro, rodesac adamianebi erTurTs`maradiuli sakiTxebiT~ xvdebodnenda scildebodnen kidec da am sakiTx-ebisadmi interesi naTesaur kavSirzeufro metad aaxlovebdaT, rom aRa-raferi vTqvaT wodebasa Tu qonebaze.bednieri dro iyo da es adamianebic rabednierni iyvnen: ra Sors iyo maTganzneobrivi gaxrwniloba! magram es das-rulda da, vfiqrob, samudamodac.rogor moxda, rom yvelaze sainteresoCvenSi erTbaSad yvelaze ufro uin-teresod iqca, amas momavlis istoriagansjis. erTi ki cxadia: gonebrivi in-diferentuloba, nebismieri sakiTx-isadmi gulgriloba jer arasodes ar

yofila ise mouridebeli, rogorcCvens Semdgom TaobebSi.

raki mTavarSi msgavsebas grZnoben,Zmebs danarCenSi erTurTis ridi aRaraqvT da ivane morCil alioSas gulsgadauxsnis: mTavari, rasac sakuTarTavSi xedavs, sicocxlis wyurvilia.`sicocxle romc ar mwamdes, _ ambobsis, _ sayvarelma qalmac rom gamicru-os imedi, sayovelTao wesrigis rwmen-ac rom davkargo da cxadadac davi-naxo is, rom es qveyana wyeuli, areul-dareuli, iqneb eSmakeuli qaosia20,Tundac adamianuri usasoobis mTeliSemzraoba damatydes Tavs, _ sicocx-les mainc ver SeviZuleb21 da, raki amTass erTxel davewafe, vidre bolom-de ar amovcli, ver SeveSvebi. Tumca,ocdaaTi wlis asakSi albaT mainc mi-vatoveb sanaxevrod daclils dagaveridebi... jer ar vici, saiT~. sic-ocxlis wyurvili masSi uSualo dagauazrebelia: `centriskenuli ZalaCvens miwaze kidev bevria,~ _ SeniSnavsis, Tumca am Zalis arsis ganmartebauWirs, _ ̀ vcocxlob imitom, rom sic-ocxle minda, Tundac logikis sapir-ipirod~. adamianSi erTurTs enaTesav-eba bunebrivi sicocxle da mis fonzemimdinare sxva sicocxle, rasac isto-rias vuwodebT; adamiani am yovelivesumWidroesad ekvris: mas miwasTan civgonebriv kavSirze bevrad ufro myarida cocxali Zafebi aerTianebs, miwauyvars auxsneli, amaRlebuli siy-varuliT: ̀ rogor meZvirfaseba gazaf-

20 romanSi eSmakni~ kirilovi TviTmkvlelo-bis win ambobs: ̀ mTeli Cveni planeta sicruea, si-cruesa da briyvul masxrobaze dgas; TviT kanon-ebi am planetisa mxolod sicrue da eSmakisvodevilia. risTvisRa vicocxlo, Tu kaci xar,mipasuxe?!~ ganmeorebuli sityvebi da aRelve-buli kilo cxads xdis, rom dostoevskim aq sak-uTari eWvi gadmogvca, romelsac didxans daumZimesad erkineboda.

21 `biografiasa da werilebSi~ Zalze bevrimagaliTi moiZeveba imis, Tu ra saswaulebrivadsicocxlisunariani yofila TviT dostoevski,ris gareSec mTel im gansacdels ver aitanda,rac cxovrebam agema. ̀ katasaviT gamZle var, xomasea?~ - ase amTavrebs er-erT Tavis werils.

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xulis qorfa, webovani foTlebi, cis-feri zeca, mavani adamianic, romeliczogjer arc ki ici, ris gamo giyvars;meZvirfaseba zogi gmiroba adamianis:SesaZloa, misi aRarc ki mwamdes, ma-gram gulSi mainc mowiwebiT vix-seneb...~

`me mgonia, amqveynad yvelam, up-irveles yovlisa, sicocxle unda Seiy-varos,~ _ ambobs Cafiqrebuli alioSa.

`_ sicocxle mis sazrisze metadSeviyvaroT?~

alioSa am SekiTxvas dasturiT pa-suxobs da dasZens, rom sicocxlisuSualo siyvaruls, adre Tu gvian,aucileblad mohyveba misi azris wv-domac.

mTvlemare bunebis sicocxlis, ̀ ga-zafxulis webovani foTlebis~ siy-varuls ivanes gulSi im sxva bunebi-sadmi siyvarulic erTvis, sruliadTvalaxelili rom cocxlobs: vgulix-mobT adamiansa da mis mier Seqmnilsaocar samyaros. ̀ evropaSi gamgzavre-ba msurs~, _ ambobs ivane. aqvs meurvisdanatovari oriaTasi maneTi; meurveqali mas da alioSas maTi dedis xs-ovnisadmi pativiscemis gamo zrdidamas mere, rac mamam orive miatova. uni-versitetis damTavrebis Semdegswored am memkvidreobis gamoyenebasurs ucxoeTSi gasamgzavreblad.

`aqedanve gavemgzavrebi, alioSa, _ganagrZobs igi, _ vici, vici, rom iqmxolod sasaflao damxvdeba, magram esuZvirfasesi sasaflaoa, diax, swore-dac! iq Zvirfasi micvalebulni ganis-veneben; iq TiToeuli samaris qva war-sulis iseT cecxlovan cxovrebazemetyvelebs, gmirobis, simarTlis,brZolisa da mecnierebis iseT uryevrwmenaze, rom windawin vici, Zirs dav-ecemi, am qvebs veamborebi da crem-lebiT movrwyav22, _ TumcaRa, amav-

droulad, wuTiTac ar Semepareba ima-Si eWvi, rom es yovelive mxolod sasa-flaoa, sxva araferi. sasowarkveTi-lebisagan ar vitireb, Cemive daRv-rili cremli momgvris usazRvro bed-nierebas~.

es sulSiCamwvdomi sityvebi dide-bul gulsa da didebul gonebas war-moaCens, da im garduval sevdas, ro-melic SeuZlebelia, aseT pirovnebasar daeuflos. es sevda siyvarulis Za-lis Sedegia da im maRali Segnebisa, amsiyvarulisagan ganuyofeli da misigamomricxveli romaa. yovladugrZnobi, dialeqtikuri uaryofa,anda wvdomisa da gaazrebis gareSe siy-varuli, _ evropasTan mimarTebaSi esori Tanabrad ioli pozicia gaxlavT,swored Tavisi siadvilis gamo CvenSirom gabatonebula. iSviaTi pirovnebaTu amaRldeba orive am gancdis gaer-Tianebamde da, cxadia, rom am erTobasuRrmesi tkivili axlavs. magram WeS-mariteba mxolod masSia da, raodenmZimec ar unda iyos, yvelam, vinc sima-rTles eswrafvis, es unda iswavlos:usazRvro siyvarulic da imis codnac,rom rac giyvars, imas didi xnis sic-ocxle aRar uweria.

yvela, vinc Tavis TavSi iseTi ramis-admi did interess daatrebs, rac mis-Tvis Soreulia da rasTanac uSualodaraferi akavSirebs, SeuZlebelia ariyos gulwrfeli. misi fiqri metis-metadaa dakavebuli am interesiT,raTa im wvrilmanebisaTvis moicalos,rasac adamiani gars ikrebs, raTa sx-vebs Tavi mniSvnelovnad moaCvenos.amitomac sulis gulwrfeli sidiademudam sadaa; amqveynad verasodeshpovebs aRiarebas, romelsac sxvisisamosiT Seburuli yalbi sidiade sta-cebs. martosuloba, fiqrTa gandobisSeuZlebloba mxolod garduvaliSedegia am mdgomareobisa da, bolosda bolos, gulCaTxrobilobad, azrTagaziarebaze uaris Tqmad gadaiqceva.arada, saTqmelis amoTqmis moTxov-

22 am sityvebSi evropis mimarT dostoevskisigive gancdaa Cadebuli, rac versilovis si-tyvebSi (`mozardi~) da ̀ biografiasa da werileb-Si~.

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nileba mainc rCeba – swored aq undaveZioT mizezi im uecari Sexverebisada Rrma gandobaTa, rasac wuTis winverc ki warmovidgendiT da rac mTelSemgom cxovrebaze waruSleladaRibeWdeba.

`megobari ar myavs, alioSa, _ am-bobs ivane, _ SenTan daaxlovebamsurs.~ yovelive, rac masa da sxva ad-amianebs Soris gadaulaxav zRudedaRmarTuliyo, erTbaSad ecema; alioSaise exumreba, rogorc es misTvis jeraravis gaubedia da ivanec `TvinieriymawviliviT~ eubneba: `Zamiko, SeniSecdena ki ar msurs, iqneb piriqiTac:Seni wyalobiT sakuTari Tavi mindaganvkurno~. alioSa gaocebuli aSter-deba: ivane aseTi arasodes unaxavs.

VIII`maS, riT daviwyoT, RmerTiT?~ _

kiTxulobs ivane da tanjuli RvTistanjul kacobriobasTan, RvTiuri sa-marTlis dausjel danaSaulTanSeuTavseblobis azrs aviTarebs.

`erTma beberma RvTismgmobelma23,_ ase iwyebs ivane, _ wina saukuneSiganacxada, RmerTi rom ar arsebobdes,aucileblad unda gamogvegonao. ucn-auri da gasaocari TviT RvTis arsebo-ba ki araa, aramed is, rom aseTi azri _RvTis aucileblobis aRiareba – ad-amianisTana velur da borot cxovelsdaebada: imdenad wmindaa es azri, imde-nad gulisamaCuyebeli, imdenad brZnu-li da imdenad amaRlebs TviT adami-ans.~

maSasadame, is, pirvelyovlisa, orrames amtkicebs: adamianis garyvnile-basa da religiis sispetakes. gavxadoTreligia adamianisaTvis SesaZlebeli,SevaRwioT misi msoflaRqmis far-glebSi – ai, ukiduresi mizani da sru-lyofileba, rasac SeiZleba mivaRwi-

oT. amis wrfelad, marTebulad miRw-eva adamians ar ZaluZs, Tuki Semoqme-disagan naboZeb Secnobis unars armiendo da im gziT ar mihyva mas, rasacreligia uCvenebs.

amdenad, naTqvamSi mtrobis, qed-maRlobisa da zizRis misxalic ki araris imis mimarT, rasTanac ivane sacaaucxares paeqrobaSi Caebmeba. TviT amxerxis Rrma originalobac sworedamaSia. msoflio literaturaSi reli-giasTan msgavsi paeqroba araerTxelmomxdara da aseT dros mudam gviCnde-ba gancda, TiTqos raRac gansakuTre-buls, jerarmomxdars vuaxlovdebiT,_ iseT Tvalsazriss, romelic jeraravis gauziarebia. vgrZnobT aseve,rom es Tvalsazrisi TavdamsxmeliserTaderTi seriozuli da saxifaToiaraRia.

azris msvlelobis es originalobaSemdgomSicaa SenarCunebuli: RvTisarseboba, romlis damtkicebis Seu-Zlebloba adamianis gonebas (filoso-fiaSic da mecnierebaSic, rogorcwesi, religiur msoflmxedvelobiswinaSe upirveles zRuded aRemarTeba,aq dabrkolebas ver qmnis da sruliadadvilad gadailaxeba. is, rasac yve-laze ufro gamalebiT da didigaWirvebiT icavs religia, aq yovelg-vari Tavdasxmis gareSe, ubrZolve-ladaa daTmobili. SeuZlebelia arvaRiaroT am xerxis mkacrad mecnier-uli midgoma: adamianis azrovnebisfardobiToba da pirobiToba un-atifesi da uRrmesi WeSmaritebaa,aTaswleulebis manZilze adamiani-saTvis miuwvdomeli rom iyo da ue-crad gacxadda. am fardobiTobis sao-car, TvalismomWrel dasturad uka-nasknel xanebSi mogvevlina eWvi: iqnebsinamdvilis sivrce ar Semoifargle-ba im erTaderTiT, rac adamianma icis,rasac misi fiqri da warmosaxva swvde-ba? egreT wodebuli araevkliduri

23 am azris pirvelad gamoTqmas volters mi-aweren.

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geometriis24 warmoSoba, _ esmoZRvreba dRes evropis saukeTesomaTematikosTa mier muSavdeba, masSiparaleluri wrfeebi erTmaneTskveTs, xolo samkuTxedis kuTxeTajami or marT kuTxeze odnav naklebia,_ yvelasaTvis ueWveli faqtia da cx-adad adasturebs, rom yofierebis si-namdviles gonebiT wvdoma vermoicavs. imas, rac warmoudgenelia,magram mainc arsebobs, SeiZleba RvTisarsebobac mivakuTvnoT, romlisdaumtkicebloba mis realobas veruaryofs. adamianis azrovnebis am far-dobiTobidan gamomdinare, ivane uarsambobs imis gansjaze, ramdenad WeSmar-itia yoveli arsis pirvelwyarosa dayoveli azris msajulisa da ganmgeb-lis Sesaxeb religiuri azri. `Tavmda-blad vaRiareb, _ ambobs igi, _ romamgvar sakiTxTa gadaWris araviTari

SesaZlebloba ar gamaCnia, Cemi gonebaevklideseuli, anu miwieria da, aba,miRmiers me rogor Sevwvdebi? SencgirCev, RvTis yofna-aryofnaze ara-sodes ifiqro. es sakiTxebi sruliaducxoa gonebisaTvis, romelic samiganzomilebis wvdomisTvisaa Seqmni-li. amgvarad, vaRiareb RmerTs, ara mx-olod xalisiT, aramed, metic: vaRi-areb mis sibrZnes, mis mizansac, _ racCveni gonebisaTvis sulmTlad miuwv-domelia; mwams sicocxlis wesrigi,sazrisi, mwams maradiuli harmoniac,romelSic, viTomda, yvelani erTurTsunda SeverwyaT; mwams sityva, romel-sac qveyniereba eswrafvis, romelic`RmerTTan iyo~ da `TviTonaa Rmer-Ti~25.

Targmna Tamar kotrikaZem

24 romelic pirvelad lobaCevskim aRmoaCi-na. yazanis universitetma, sadac is profeso-robda, mis xsovnas misi Txzulebebis sruligamocemiT miago pativi (erT tomad, yazani, 1883).masSi Sesulia Sromebi: `warmosaxviTi geome-tria~, ̀ geometriis axali sawyisebi paralelur-Ta sruli TeoriiTurT~ da `pangeometria~.

25 igulisxmeba ioanes saxarebis sawyisi si-tyvebi: `dasawyisSi iyo sityva da sityva iyo Rm-erTTan da sityva iyo RmerTi. is iyo dasawyisSiRmerTTan. yovelive mis mier Seiqmna da umisodaraferi Seqmnila~.

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naTaniel hoTorni 1804 wlis 4 ivliss daibada masa-Cusetsis Statis qalaq salemSi. igi amerikis erT-erTcnobil literatorad moiazreba.

kolejis damTavrebis Semdeg mSobliur qalaqsubrundeba da megobars aseTi Sinaarsis werils swers:`martoobas mivejaWve. aq, Cems oTaxSi vipove simSvide.

sakuTar saxlSi tusaRad gadaviqeci, Tavad movindomease. axla ki ar msurs gasaRebis povna, romelic am sat-usaRos moergeba da aqedan gamaTavisuflebs~... mweral-

ma swored am periodSi Seqmna Tavisi Sedevrebi.

naTaniel hotorni

mister higinbotamas sikvdilierTxel morisTaunidan axalgazrda

kaci modioda, xelobiT _ TuTunisgamyidveli. sul axlaxan gayida moris-Taunis Zvel ubanSi saqonlis didiraodenoba da axla mwvaned SeRebilidiliJansiT patara qalaq parker-holzisken miemarTeboda. diliJansismarjvena da marcxena kedlebze sigariskolofebi gamoesaxaT, xolo ukana mx-ares indieli mxedarTmTavari, romel-sac erT xelSi Cibuxi, xolo meoreSi _TuTunis oqrosferi foToli ekava.ymawvils metad sandomiani saxe hqondada miuxedavad imisa, rom sargebelsyvela saqmidan xedavda, iankebisuryevi keTilganwyobiT mainc sarge-blobda. iankebisgan araerTxel msme-nia, rom Tu mainc unda gagparson _sjobs, es basri samarTebliT gaakeTo,vidre blagvi najaxiT. ymawvili gan-sakuTrebiT uyvardaT kentukelgogonebs, romelTa gulebsac igi ad-vilad igebda _ umaspinZldebodasaukeTeso TuTuniT _ radgan icoda,rom `axali inglisis~ soflislamazmanebi Tambaqos moyvarulebiiyvnen. amasTanave, rogorc CemimonaTxrobidan gamoCndeba, TuTuniTmovaWre sakmaod cnobismoyvarec iyoda laybobac uyvarda. erTi suli hqon-da axal-axali ambebisTvis moekra yurida swrafad gaevrcelebina.

dominikus paikma _ ase erqva Tu-

Tunis gamyidvels _ ganTiadisasmorisTaunSi isauzma da maSinve gzasdaadga. Svidi mili iara uRran tyeSi,sadac gamomlaparakeblad mxolodsakuTari Tavi da cxeni hyavda. ukveSvidi xdeboda da iseTi mware moTxov-nileba hqonda, gaego rame axali, romambavmac ar daayovna. is-is iyo sigarasmoukida da ferdobze martoxela mg-zavri SeniSna. vidre mgzavri ferdo-bidan daeSveboda, dominikusmamoaswro misi SeTvaliereba. kacs mx-arze gadaegdo fuTa da sakmaod mt-kice, Tumca daRlili nabijebiT moiw-evda win. etyoboda, rom mTeli RameSeuCereblad evlo da win kidev didigza hqonda.

_ dila mSvidobis, mister! _ maSinmiesalma, rodesac mgzavri gausworda,_ karg adamians erTi SexedviTac am-oicnob. ra xdeba axali parker-holz-Si?

Semxvedrma saswrafod CamoifxataTvalebze ruxi farTofarflebianiqudi da sakmaod ukmexad miugo domini-kuss, rom parker-holzidan ar modio-da.

_ ara uSavs, _ miugo paikma, _ sia-movnebiT movismen axal ambavs iqidan,saidanac Tqven modixarT!... ambavi iyosda ra mniSvneloba aqvs saidanaa.

aseTi daJinebuli moTxovnis Semdegmgzavri _ romelTanac Sexvedra aseT

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ukacriel adgilze arcTu ise saxar-bielo Canda _ Seyoymanda. albaT,gonebaSi undoda raime siaxlis moZie-ba, anda orWofobda, Rirda Tu ara ra-mis moyola. bolos da bolos gadawyvi-ta, ucnobs miaxloeboda da yurSiraRac CasCurCula. Tumca, boloxmazec rom eyvira, mis xmas verc erTisulieri ver gaigebda.

_ aris erTi patara ambavi, _ daiw-yo man, _ guSin, saRamos rva saaTze kim-baltoneli mister higinbotama saku-Tar baRSi CamoaxrCves irlandielma daSavkanianma. igi Camokides wminda mixei-lis msxlis totze da kargad icodnen,rom dilamde mas veravin naxavda.

rogorc ki ucnobma es saSineli am-bavi dominikuss amcno, imav wams swrafinabijebiT ganagrZo gza da arc kimouxedavs paikis SeTavazebaze _ er-Tad moewiaT espanuri sigara da ufrodawvrilebiT esaubraT am ambavze...

paikma cxens Solti dautylaSuna daaRmarTs auyvnen. gzadagza fiqrobdamister higinbotamas bedze, romelicerT-erTi imaTgani iyo, vinc misganTuTuns yidulobda. gaocebuli iyoimiT, Tu ra swrafad gavrcelda xmamisi mkvlelobis Sesaxeb, radgan kim-baltonamde sakmaod Sori iyo _samoci mili. ucnobi mgzavris TqmiT,mkvleloba saRamos rva saaTze moxda,man ki amis Sesaxeb ukve dilis SvidsaaTze icoda, rodesac, savaraudod,mister higinbotamas axloblebma es-esaa aRmoaCines msxlis xeze misi mo-qanave sxeuli. am manZilis fexiT gav-la praqtikulad SeuZlebelia aseTmokle droSi.

`amboben, cudi ambavi swrafad vr-celdebao, _ gaifiqra dominikus paik-ma, _ aseTi ymawvili prezidentsac arawyenda Tavis pirad kurierad~.

ufro savaraudoa, rom ucnobiubralod erTi dRiT Secda, rodesacCadenili danaSaulis Sesaxeb uambo. am-itom, dominikusma daufiqreblad dai-wyo am ambis gavrceleba yvela Semx-vedr duqansa Tu sasadiloSi da dabin-debamde albaT ocjer mainc gaimeora.Tan mTeli yuTi espanuri TuTunicgaasaRa. yvelgan is aRmoCnda macne am

ubeduri ambisa, romelic did inter-ess iwvevda msmenelSi. amitomac iyo,rom dominikusma cdunebas ver gauZloda Tavisi interpretaciac SeaSvela,Seavso detalebiT da sabolood miiRodalagebuli da simarTlesTan miax-loebuli istoria. erTgan saSualebacki mieca, Tavisi monaTxrobi mowmisCvenebiTac daemtkicebina... erT-erTduqanSi, roca dominikusi yveboda amambavs, msmenelTa Soris aRmoCnda mis-ter higinbotamas kantoris ufrosi,romelmac daadastura, rom keTilSo-bil jentlmens Cvevad hqonda yovelsaRamos saxlSi dabrunebuliyo baRisgavliT da Tanac yovelTvis Tan hqon-da fuli da fasiani qaRaldebi. saqme-Ta mmarTvels didad ar daswyvetiaguli cnobiT, rom mister higinbotamadaiRupa da dominikusmac icoda, romgardacvlili metad uxiagi, xelmom-Wirne da Zunwi berikaci iyo. mTelimisi qoneba axla momxiblav Zmiswul-Tan gadavidoda, romelic kimbalton-Si skolis maswavleblad muSaobda.

ambis moyolasa da vaWrobaSi droise SeumCnevlad gavida, rom paikmagadawyvita, Rame gzispira duqanSi ga-eTia, radgan parker-holzSi (sadamdeckidev xuTi mili iyo darCenili) imdRes ukve veRar CaaRwevda. vaxSmis Sem-deg igi barTan Camojda, saukeTeso si-gara gaabola da daiwyo mkvlelobisambis moyola, romelsac ukve imdeniwvrilmani daumata, rom Txrobas dam-atebiT kidev naxevari saaTi dasWirda.oTaxSi oci kaci imyofeboda da maTgancxrameti vaWris yovel sityvasutyuar simarTled miiCnevda, xolomeoce _ xanSiSesuli fermeri, romel-ic arcTu ise didi xnis win movida aqda axla oTaxis erT-erTi kuTxeSi ijdada uxmod abolebda Cibuxs _ mas eWviTSescqeroda. dominikusma Txroba romdaasrula, fermeri gamomwvevi ieriTwamodga, adgili dominikusis gverdiTdaikava da mosaubres iaffasiani Tam-baqos kvamli Seabola.

_ daadasturebT am sityvebsficiT, _ ikiTxa man mosamarTlis to-niT, _ rom kimbaltoneli beberi`skvairi~ higinbotama guSinwin saRa-

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mos sakuTar baRSi mokles da guSindiliT msxlis xeze ipoves CamoxrCo-bili?

_ me mxolod imas vambob, rac sxve-bisgan movismine, _ upasuxa dominikus-ma da xelidan gauvarda sigara, _ arvambob, rom es sakuTari TvaliT vix-ile da verc davificeb, rom yvelaferizustad ase moxda.

_ samagierod, me, _ ganagrZo ferm-erma, _ mzad var davifico, rom Tuhiginbotama guSinwin saRamos iyo mok-luli, ese igi, me am diliT mis sulTanerTad davlie ludi. Cven mezoblebivarT. man TavisTan SemipatiJa, ludiTgamimaspinZlda da raRac mTxova. Tavi-si sikvdilis Sesaxeb ki Cemze meti su-lac ar icoda.

_ ese igi, ar mouklavT, _ SesZaxadominikus paikma.

_ ase gamodis, Torem aucilebladmetyoda amis Sesaxeb rames, _ upasuxamoxucma fermerma, daubrunda Tavisadgils da gaognebuli dominikusi mar-to datova.

sakmaod udrood aRsdga moxucimister higinbotama. TuTuniTmovaWres ki laparakis yovelgvarisurvili gauqra. dominikusma TavisdasamSvideblad erTi Wiqa jini daliada dasaZineblad gaemarTa. mTeli Rameesizmreboda, rom wminda mixeilis msx-lis totze CamomxrCvali ekida.

meore dRes rom ar enaxa es moxucifermeri (romelic ise SeiZula, romsiamovnebiT ixilavda mas mister hig-inbotamas nacvlad msxlis totzeCamokidebuls), dominikusi gaTenebam-de adga, cxeni diliJansSi Seaba daparker-holzisken gaaWena. grilma nia-vma, cvrianma gzam da vardisferma ais-ma kargi ganwyoba daubruna da albaT,siamovnebiT mouTxrobda guSindelambavs nebismier msmenels. Tumca, gzadaravin Sexvedria da mxolod maSin,rodesac solomon-riveris xidzegadadioda, erTi kaci mxarze gadebu-li fuTiT Semoxvda.

_ dila mSvidobis, mister, _ mie-salma dominikusi da cxens aRviri mo-qaCa, _ Tu kimbaltonidan xarT, anromelime axlomaxlo midamodan, xom

ver miambobdiT, ra SeemTxva misterhiginbotamas? marTalia, rom igi oridRis win viRac irlandielma da Savka-nianma sicocxles gamoasalmes?

siCqareSi dominikusma ver gaarCia,rom ucnobi Savkaniani iyo. am sityveb-is mosmenaze igi SekrTa da enis borZi-kiTa da TrTolviT upasuxa:

_ ara, ara! araviTari zangi iq aryofila. guSin saRamos rva saaTzeberikaci irlandielma CamoaxrCo, me kiiqidan Svidze wamovedi. igi albaT, jerarc ki aRmouCeniaT.

amiT daasrula mgzavrma Tavisi si-tyva da maSinve gaecala TuTuniTmovaWres. dominikusma gakvirvebiTgaayola Tvali da gaifiqra: `Tu mkv-leloba samSabaTs saRamos moxda, viniyo is naTelmxilveli, romelmac esfaqti samSabaTs diliT iwi-naswarmetyvela? Tu mister higinbot-amas axloblebs jer kidev ar aRmouCe-niaT misi gvami, saidan icoda am zang-ma, romelic ocdaaTi milis daSorebiTimyofeboda SemTxvevis adgilidan,rom gvami baRSi msxlis xeze ekida. gan-sakuTrebiT imas Tu gaviTvaliswinebT,rom igi kimbaltonidan gamovida erTisaaTiT adre, vidre im ubedurs Camo-axrCobdnen~. es gasaocari garemoebe-bi da meores mxriv ucnobis SiSi da dab-neva safuZvels iZleoda, gvefiqra,rom saWiro iyo misi dakaveba, rogorcdanaSaulis Tanamonawilisa. radgan,rogorc Cans, danaSauli ukve Cadeni-li iyo.

`eSmaksac wauRia~, _ gaifiqravaWarma, _ ar minda, rom misi Savi sisx-li Cems sindisze iyos da Tanac es zan-gi romc CamoaxrCon, mister higinbot-ama ar gacocxldeba... mister higin-botamas gacocxleba?! SeiZleba vco-dav, magram sulac ar msurs, rom is be-bruxana meored moevlinos am qveyanasda matyuarad gamomacxados~.

dominikus paiki gamTeniisas amfiqrebiT Sevida parker-holzSi.qalaqSi qaRaldis mwarmoebeli samifabrika iyo ganTavsebuli da aseve sax-erxic, magram jer sisxami dila iyo daarsad ar iyo gaCaRebuli muSaoba. mx-olod ramdenime duqani gaexsnaT. pai-

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ki erT-erTSi Sevida, jer cxenis dan-ayreba moiTxova, xolo Semdeg, racZneli misaxvedri araa _ ezos mepa-trones mister higimbotamas daRupvisambavi mouTxro. asec moxda. magram amjerze, paikma mizanSewonilad CaTvala,aRar daesaxelebina zusti TariRi damkvlelTa zust daxasiaTebasac moer-ida. sifrTxile gamoiCina da ambaviarc Tavisi saxeliT da arc vinmesmonayolad gausaRebia. ubralod Tqva,rom aseTi xmebi dadioda axlomaxlomidamoebSi.

ambavi qalaqs cecxliviT moedo.yvela amaze saubrobda. baton higin-botamas parker-holzSi kargad ic-nobdnen, radgan igi saxerxis saqmeebsawarmoebda da qaRaldis sawarmosaqciebis msxvili mflobelic iyo.qalaqis mcxovrebni Tvlidnen, rommaTi keTildReoba didad iyo damok-idebuli baton higinbotamaze. iseTiambavi atyda, rom parker-holzis ̀ mac-ne~ ori dRiT adre gamovida. sxva jerararsebuli masalebis gamo gazeTisnawili carieli iyo, xolo meore naw-ili ekava statias myvirala saxel-wodebiT: `mister higinbotamas saza-reli mkvleloba~. sxvadasxva wvrilmangaremoebebs Soris statiaSi zustadiyo aRwerili Tokis nakvalevi gar-dacvlilis kiserze da saxeldebodagatacebuli Tanxis zusti raodenobac_ 1 000 dolari. statiaSi aseve iyo nax-senebi gardacvlilis Zmiswuli da misimwuxareba, romelic im wuTidan, racxeze Camokidebuli gvami aRmoaCines,gons ver mosuliyo. adgilobrivma po-etma axalgazrda qalbatonis dardsbaladac ki miuZRvna. saswrafodSeikribnen qalaqis municipalitetiswevrebi, gaimarTa sxdoma da gamoicadadgenileba momxdarTan dakavSire-biT: ̀ viTvaliswinebT ra, mister higin-botamas Rvawlsa da damsaxurebasqalaqis winaSe, saWirod vTvliT gan-vacxadoT Semdegi: ̀ vinc daadgens mkv-lelis vinaobas da daabrunebs gatace-bul Tanxas, mas jildod gadaecemaTanxa 5 000 dolaris odenobiT~.

parker-holzis mTeli mosaxleoba,romelsac meduqneebi, pansionTa mepa-

troneebi, fabrikis muSaxeli, moswav-leebi Seadgendnen, quCaSi gamofenil-iyvnen da SeuCereblad yayanebdnen.maTi xmauri iqaurobas ayruebda, rad-gan micvalebulisadmi pativiscemisniSnad gaeCerebinaT sarTavi dazgebida saxerxebi. Tu udrood daRupulimister higinbotama ocnebobda sikvdi-lis Semdeg Tavisi saxelis ukvdavyo-faze, misi suli uzomod kmayofiliunda yofiliyo imiT, rac aq xdeboda.

pativmoyvare dominikusma daiviwyayovelgvari sifrTxile da qalaqis wy-lis saqaCze amxedrebuli say-ovelTaod acxadebda, rom swored manacnoba qalaqs es utyuari ambavi. igidRis gmirad iqca. is-is iyo unda daew-yo Tavisi monaTxrobis axali versiismoyola, roca qalaqis mTavar quCazesafosto etli gamoCnda.

_ axla yvelafers dawvrilebiTSevityobT! _ iRriala brbom.

etli rixiniT mouaxlovda sadgomsda maSinve uamravi adamiani Semoertyagars. yvelas mietovebina Tavisi saqmeaxali ambis molodinSi. dominikusma _romelic yvelaze win imyofeboda _etlSi ori adamiani gaarCia, romlebicgaognebulni Sescqerodnen garSemor-tymul brbos. yoveli mxridan raRacSekiTxva ismoda. etlSi mjdomebs gao-cebisgan ena CavardnodaT. erTi maT-gani advokati iyo, meore ki qali.

_ mister higinbotama! mister hig-inbotama!.. gviambeT raime mis Sesaxeb!_ yviroda xalxi.

_ ras ambobs gamomZiebeli?_ daiWires damnaSave?_ gons movida mister higinbotamas

Zmiswuli?_ mister higinbotama!.. mister hig-

inbotama!..meetle xmas ar iRebda, mxolod cx-

enebis mepatrones lanZRavda gulSi.advokatma, romelic sizmarSic ki arkargavda saR azrs, upirvelesad ji-bidan didi safule amoiRo. xolo do-minikus paikma, romelic friad yura-dRebiani axalgazrda mamakaci gaxl-daT, swrafad moiazra, rom qalis ala-parakeba gacilebiT advili iqneboda,vidre advokatisa da mas etlidan gad-

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mosvlaSi daexmara. es iyo axalgazrdasimpaTiuri qalbatoni Sevardisfre-buli loyebiTa da ulamazesi tuCebiT.wamiT dominikusma isic gaifiqra, romufro siamovnebiT moismenda am bagee-bidan siyvarulis axsnas, vidre higin-botamas daRupvis ambavs.

_ qalbatonebo da batonebo! _ mi-marTa advokatma iq myofT, _ merwmu-neT, Tqveni metismeti aRelvebismizezi raRac auxsneli Secdomaa daalbaT, rac ufro sarwmunoa, cruWorebze dayrdnobili da mizanmima-rTulad gavrcelebuli, raTa am gziTmister higinbotamas saxels Crdilimiayenon. mogaxsenebT, rom dRes CvenkimbaltonSi dilis sam saaTze SevCer-diT da uciloblad SevityobdiTraimes am ambavTan dakavSirebiT. is kiara, SemiZlia sawinaaRmdego dagimtki-coT. minda iseTi sarwmuno, damamtki-cebeli sabuTi warmogidginoT,romelsac xels Tavad mister higin-botama awers. ai werili, romelic ze-moTxsenebuli jentlmenisgan miviRe_ masSi naxsenebia erTi sasamarTlomosmena, romelic koneqtikutSi undagaimarTos. igi daTariRebulia guSin-deli TariRiT, saRamos aTi saaTiT.

am sityvebis Semdeg advokatma wer-ili yvelas uCvena. werilze aRniSnuliTariRi eWvs ar iwvevda. ar rCebodaaranairi eWvi, rom mister higinbota-ma saRsalamaTi iyo maSin, rodesac amwerils werda, an _ rac bevrs Zaliansarwmunod eCvena _ amqveyniurisaqmeebi imdenad aRelvebda, romsikvdilis Semdegac ganagrZobda maTmogvarebas. Tumca, aqve gamoCnda sulsxvagvari damamtkicebeli sabuTic.etlSi mjdomma axalgazrda qalbaton-ma gamonaxa dro, rom kabis nakecebi daTmis kululebi Seesworebina, avidaparmaRze da iq myofebs mokrZalebiTmimarTa Semdegi sityvebiT:

_ keTilo xalxo, me mister higin-botamas Zmiswuli var.

brbos gaocebis talRam gadauara,roca mixvdnen, rom es momxiblavi saxeimas ekuTvnoda, vinc `macnes~ cnobiTdardisgan ugono mdgomareobaSi iyobiZis sikvdilis gamo. Tumca, ufro sa-

Rad moazrovneebs Tavidanve ar epare-bodaT eWvi, rom axalgazrda qalididad ar miecemoda dards moxuci bi-Zis gardacvalebis gamo.

_ rogorc xedavT, _ RimiliT ga-nagrZobda mis higinbotama, _ sicruea`Cemi dardis~ aseTi interpretireba.vaZlev Tavs uflebas, ganvacxado, romswored asea Cemi Zvirfasi biZis _ hig-inbotamas SemTxvevaSic. me mis saxlSivcxovrob. Tumca, skolaSi vmuSaobmaswavleblad da Tavadac SemiZliaTavi virCino. dRes diliT gamovemgza-vre kimbaltonidan da ganzraxulimaqvs ramdenime dRe gavataro Cems me-gobarTan, parker-holzidan xuT mil-Si... wamosvlisas Cemma Zvirfasma biZamori dolari da ormocdaaTi centi mo-mca samgzavrod da kidev erTic dami-mata gauTvaliswinebeli xarjebi-sTvis. amis Semdeg safule baliSis qveSamoido, xeli CamomarTva, mirCia co-taodeni orcxobila Cameyara CanTaSi,raTa gzaSi sauzmis fuli ar damexar-ja. amitom, darwmunebiT SemiZliagiTxraT, rom Cemi sayvareli Ziasruliad janmrTeli davtove da vime-dovneb, rom swored ase damxvdeba...

aq mis higinbotamam saubari Sewyvi-ta. qalma iq Sekrebilebze Zalze sasia-movno STabeWdileba moaxdina. isicunda iTqvas, gareSe adamians SesaZloaefiqra, rom parker-holzis mcx-ovrebT saSinlad ezizRebodaT misterhiginbotama da misi sikvdili bedisudides saCuqrad miaCndaT... magramiseTi didi iyo qalaqis mcxovrebTamrisxaneba, rodesac Seityves, romSecdomaSi iyvnen Seyvanilni, maSinvegadawyvites damsaxurebisamebr moq-ceodnen am saSineli ambis gamavr-celebels _ dominikus paiks, oRondimaze davobdnen, fisSi amoevloT daSemdeg qaTmis bumbulSi amoeganglaTdamnaSave Tu qalaqSi gaetarebinaTjoxze Semosmuli, an sadResaswaulodganebanaT civi wyliT wylis sazidar-Tanve, romelzec abrZanebuli, ramden-ime wuTis win ase usindisod atyuebdayvelas. municipalitetis wevrebi ad-vokatis rCeviT ganixilavdnen mis pa-suxisgebaSi micemas sazogadoebrivi

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wesrigis darRvevisaTvis, rac gadau-mowmebeli Woris gavrcelebaSi mdgo-mareobda... veraferi gadaarCenda do-minikus paiks gaSmagebuli brbosgananda gansasjelis skamisgan, rom aramomxiblavi ledis gamosarCleba... ram-denime samadlobeli sityvis SemdegTuTuniT movaWre saswrafod CajdaTavis oTxTvalaSi da qalaqi datova.ukan mihyveboda moswavleTa `artile-ria~, romlebic sabrZolo masaladqalaqis nagavsayrelebidan amoRebulnagavs iyenebdnen mizanSi gasar-tymelad. roca dominikusma Tavimoatriala, raTa gamosamSvidobebelimzera esrola momxiblavi mis higin-botamasTvis, saxeSi raRac gaurkveve-li Semadgenlobis azelili masa moxv-da... SeZrwunebulma isic ki gaifiqra,ukan davbrundebi da civi wyliT ba-naobas moviTxovo, radgan es dasjaaxla misTvis sakmaod sasiamovno iqne-boda...

sul male mzem gaaTbo sabralo do-minikusi. mis tanisamosze WuWyi da ta-laxi gaxma da advilad Camoifxika.bunebiT gulRia kacs xmamaRla gaeci-na kidec imaze, Tu ramxela aurzaurimoawyo im patara wynar qalaqSi... qala-qis Zalovanebis gancxadebaTa safuZ-velze isic gaigo, rom uamrav mawan-walas upirebdnen daWeras. xolo park-er-holzis ̀ macnes~ statia mister hig-inbotamas sikvdilis Sesaxeb, sxvagazeTebmac dabeWdes da am ambavmaZalian bevri mdidari, magram xelmom-Wirne berikaci SeaSina... momxiblav mas-wavlebels siamovnebiT ixsenebda daaRfrTovanebiT SeeZlo daefica, romTviT deniel uebsteri sityvebiTa dagaregnobiT ise ar miagavda angelozs,rogorc mis higinbotama. maSin, rode-sac icavda mas gaSmagebuli brbosagan.

axla dominikuss gezi kimbaltonissadgurisken eWira. myarad hqondagadawyvetili kimbaltonSi Casuliyo.rac ufro metad uaxlovdeboda ar-momxdari mkvlelobis adgils, miTmetad rwmundeboda, rom saqme metaducnauri iyo. pirveli Semxvedri mgza-vris monaTxrobi mogonilad SeiZle-boda CaTvliliyo, zangis sityvebs rom

ar ganemtkicebina es yovelive. TanacZalian ucnaurad eCvena misi SiSi dasaswrafod gacla. amasTanave am ambavsisic daemata, rom mister higinbotamasmarTlac hqonda xexilis baRi da imbaRSi marTlac idga wminda mixeilismsxlis xe, romlis gverdiTac patronsyovel saRamos, Sebindebulze uwevdaxolme gavla. imdenad sarwmuno Candayvelaferi, rom dominikusi daeWvda,SeiZleboda Tu ara Zmiswulis Cvenebe-bi da advokatis mier warmodgenilipiradi xelmowera yofiliyo yoveliveamis gamabaTilebeli. gzadagza si-frTxiles iCenda SemxvedrebTan, Tum-ca, imis dadgena mainc SeZlo, rom mis-ter higinbotamas marTlac hyavdairlandieli msaxuri, romelic yovel-gvari rekomendaciis gareSe miiRo sax-lis patronma, radgan gasamrjelodZalian mcire Tanxas iTxovda.

_ dae, me CamomaxrCon, _ SesZaxadominikus paikma, _ mxolod maSindavijereb, rom mister higinbotamacocxalia, roca piradad vixilav dadavelaparakebi. da radganac igi sax-elmoxveWili crupentelaa, moviTxov,rom mRvdelma an vinme pativcemulmaadamianma damidasturos es yovelive.

binddeboda, roca saguSagos miaR-wia. paiki Tavis mwvane oTxTvalasswrafad miaqanebda da sul ramdenimewuTSi wamoewia kidec win mimaval mxe-dars, romelic Tavis daqneviT miesal-ma guSags da gza ganagrZo. dominikusicicnobda guSags da sanam is ukanaskne-li xurdas ubrunebda, gamoelaparaka:

_ miTxari erTi, am dReebSi misterhiginbotama xom ar ginaxavs?

_ rogor ara, _ miugo guSagma, _ai, axlaxan, Tqvens win gaiara. ai, xe-davT, jer kidev moCans mxedari. vurd-fildSi iyo bazrobaze wasuli. Cveu-lebriv, Cerdeba xolme CemTan sa-saubrod, magram dRes Tavis daqneviTmaniSna `Cems angariSze Cawereo~ daswrafadve ganagrZo gza. saidanac arunda modiodes, saRamos rvasaaTisTvis, igi yovelTvis saxlSia.

_ ki, msmenia amis Sesaxeb, _ miugodominikusma.

_ arasodes minaxavs, rom adamiani

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aseTi gamxdari da fermkrTali iyos,rogorc es moxuci, _ ganagrZo guSag-ma, _ dRes rom Sevxede, gavifiqre,moxuci moCvenebas ufro hgavs an egvip-tur mumias, vidre cocxal adamians-meTqi.

TuTuniT movaWrem Sors mimavalmartoxela cxenosans erTxel kidevSeavlo Tvali, icno mister higinbot-amas zurgi, magram bindi da cxenisfloqvebiT ayrili mtveri mxedrisfiguras metad bundovans xdida.

dominikusi SekrTa: `albaT imqvey-nidan modis~, _ gaifiqra. Semdeg cx-ens SeuZaxa da gza ganagrZo. auCqare-blad mihyveboda cxenosnis siluets,vidre es ukanaskneli mosaxvevSi argauCinarda. rodesac dominikusi mo-saxvevs gacda, mxedari veRarsad da-landa. sul male qalaqis mTavari quCada moedani gamoCnda. marcxniv qvis ga-lavans mohkravdiT Tvals, romlis iqi-Tac SeniSnavdiT tyis pataramonakveTs, xexilis baRs, moTibul min-dorsa da saxls. es yvelaferi misterhiginbotamas ekuTvnoda. adre saxligzis piras idga, magram rac saguSagodadges, gzam gadmoiwia da saxliccota moSorebiT aRmoCnda.

dominikusi araerTxel yofila ammidamoebSi. cxeni TviTon SeCerda,radgan fiqrebSi garTuls aRvirismozidva daaviwyda. `ver movisveneb,sanam ar davrwmundebi, namdvilad kid-ia Tu ara mister higinbotama msxlisxeze~, _ gaifiqra da nerviulobisganakankalda. Camoxta oTxTvaladan, cx-eni iqve miaba da ise gaiqca, TiTqoskvaldakval saSineli urCxuli mosdev-da. swored am dros samreklos saaTmarvajer Camohkra da yovel jerze do-minikusi siCqares umatebda, vidremindvris SuagulSi mdgom im avbediTxesTan ar aRmoCnda. xes erTi totigverdulad hqonda gamozrdili dabnel Crdils scemda. am totis qveSTiTqos raRac farTxalebda.

dominikusi arasodes gamoirCeoda

mamacobiT da Tavadac ver axsna im wamsra Zalam STaagona, rom win gaWriliyo.Semdeg maTraxis erTi dartymiT Zirsdasca zorba irlandieli da dainaxaSiSisgan aTrTolebuli mister higin-botama, romelic marTalia, ar ekidaxis totze, magram Toki kiserze hqon-da SemoWerili.

_ mister higinbotama! _ SesZaxadominikusma, _ Tqven patiosani adami-ani xarT. miTxariT, marTlaCamogaxrCves?

...Tu mkiTxveli jer kidev ver Cawvda

am saidumlos, sakmarisi iqneba ramden-ime sityva, raTa avxsnaT martivi meqan-ika, romlis wyalobiTac am sazarelmaambavma winaswar gasca sakuTari Tavi...

samma kacma piroba dado, moeklaTda gaeZarcvaT mister higinbotama.ori maTgani dafrTxa da iqaurobasgaecala, xolo mesamem erTi dRiTgadado mkvleloba. meore dRes ki,roca am ukanasknels Canafiqri sis-ruleSi unda moeyvana, sruliad mou-lodnelad im sabediswero adgilzedominikusi gaCnda...

...mxolod is damrCa saTqmeli, rom am

dRidan moxuci mister higinbotamakeTilganwyobiT ganimsWvala TambaqosmovaWrisadmi. daloca misi kavSiriTavis ZmiswulTan, momxiblav skolismaswavlebelTan da mTeli Tavisi qone-ba uanderZa maT Svilebs. xolomSoblebs ufleba misca, esargeblaTqonebis procentebiT...

gavida mcireodeni xani... misterhiginbotamam ukanasknelad dalocadominikus paikis ojaxi da suli ga-nuteva sakuTar sawolSi...

am samwuxaro ambis Semdeg dominikuspaikma ojaxTan erTad datova kimbal-toni da gaxsna Tambaqos msxvilisawarmo Cems mSobliur qalaqSi...

Targmna irina svianaZem

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`jariskacis jildo~, `qinqla~, `xmauri da mZvi-nvareba~, `suli rom amomdioda~, `taZari~, `agvistosnaTeli~, `monazvnis reqviemi~, `daumorCilebelni~,`saxli~, `gamtaceblebi~, _ ai, is arasruli sia Txzu-lebebisa, romelTa avtoria nobelis premiis lau-reati, amerikeli prozaikosi uiliam qaTberTfolkneri.

mwerali daibada 1897 wlis 25 seqtembers niu-alba-niSi (misisipis Stati).

4 wlis asakSi sacxovreblad ojaxTan erTad qalaqoqsfordSi gadadis. CrdiloeT misisipim Zalian didigavlena iqonia mis, rogorc momavali mwerlis ganvi-Tarebasa da CamoyalibebaSi. folkneris romanebisa damoTxrobebis umravlesobaSi aRwerili istoriebiswored am mxares ukavSirdeba...

XX saukunis 30-iani wlebidan folkneri holivud-Si moRvaweobda (werda scenarebs).

gardaicvala 1962 wlis 6 ivliss gulis SeteviT 64wlis asakSi.

uiliam folkneri

roca Ramdeba

Iaxla jefersonSi orSabaTi kviris

sxva dReebisagan arafriT gansxvavde-ba. quCebSi qvafenilia dagebuli,telefonisa da eleqtroobis ko-mpaniebi sul ufro metad kafaven xe-ebs, raTa maT adgilas rkinis boZebiaRmarTon. Cven samrecxaoc gvaqvsqalaqSi. orSabaT diliT avtomobile-bi Camouvlian qalaqs da mTeli kvirisWuWyian TeTreuls Seagroveben. axlazang dedakacebsac ki, romlebic dRem-de recxaven TeTrkanianTa TeTreuls,avtomobilebiT miaqvT sarecxi pa-tronebTan.

magram TxuTmeti wlis win, yovelorSabaT dilas, wynari, mtvrianidaCrdiluli quCebi savse iyo xolmezangi qalebiT. Tavze SemoedoT zewar-Si gamoxveuli sarecxis fuTebi daTeTrkanianTa saxlebis samzareuloe-bidan zangebis ubanSi, TavianT qoxmax-ebTan axlomdebare gaSavebul sarecx-is saqvabemde ise mihqondaT es fuTe-bi, rom xelsac ki ar aSvelebdnen.

nensi Tavze TeTreulis fuTasSemoidebda xolme, fuTaze ki SaviWilis quds daikofsebda, rasaczamTar-zafxul ar icilebda Tavidan.

nensi maRali qali iyo. mogrZo da naRv-liani saxe hqonda. iq, sadac kbilebiaklda, Rawvebi odnav Cavardnoda.

zogjer mindvramde mivacilebdiTda iqidan gavyurebdiT, ra moxerxebu-lad mihqonda fuTa; qudi fuTaze ma-Sinac ki ar irxeoda, roca Txrilzeuwevda gadasvla anda RobeSi Zvrebo-da. Tavaweuli gaforTxdeboda xolmegarRveul RobeSi, fuTa ki magrad edokinkrixoze da TiTqos masTan erTadmicuravda sahaero burTiviT; mere wa-modgeboda da gzas ganagrZobda.

zogjer TeTreulis wasaRebadmrecxavi qalebis qmrebic modiodnen.magram juba nensis arasodes exmarebo-da. ase iyo manamde, vidre mama jubasCvenTan mosvlas aukrZalavda, maSinacki, roca dilsi, Cveni mzareuli, avadgaxda da nensi mis magier gvimzadebdasaWmels.

TiTqmis yovel diliT gviwevda nen-sis saxlSi mirbena da daZaxeba, romsaswrafod mosuliyo sauzmis mosamza-deblad. Cven TxrilTan vCerdebodiT,radgan mama jubasTan dalaparakebasgvikrZalavda. juba tandabali zangiiyo, saxeze samarTebliT miyenebuliWrilobis kvali aCnda. nensis saxls

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qvebs manamde vesrodiT, vidre is, bo-los da bolos, ar moadgeboda kars.

_ ra gindaT, qvebs ratom isvriT?_ gviyviroda nensi, _ ra gindaT TqveeSmakunebo?

_ mamam gviTxra, nensi saswrafodmovides, sauzme mogvimzadoso, _gasZaxebda qedi, _ sauzme isedac nax-evari saaTiT dagvigvianda.

_ viTom, ra didi ambavia Tqvenisauzme, _ ambobda nensi.

_ Sen, albaT, mTvrali xar, _ uTxrajeisonma, _ mamam Tqva nensi mTvra-liao. marTla mTvrali xar?

_ vin moigona es? _ Tqva nensim. _Zils ar macliT! viTom ra didi amba-via Tqveni sauzme.

Cven kidev erTi-orjer vesrodiTqvas nensis saxls da Sin vbrundebodiT.bolos, roca nensi CvenTan movidoda,skolaSi ukve dagvianebuli viyaviT.vfiqrobdiT, yvelaferi viskis bra-liao. im dRes, rodesac nensi kvlavdaapatimres da cixeSi mihyavdaT, gza-ze mister stoveli SexvdaT. stovelibankis molare da diakvani iyo bap-tistebis eklesiaSi. nensim danax-visTanave usayvedura:

_ rodis unda gadamixadoT fuli,TeTro kaco? rodis unda gadamixa-doT, batono Cemo? CemTan samjer iyav-iT da dRemde centic ar mogiciaT.

mister stovelma ise gaartya, romnensi waiqca, magram is mainc ganagrZob-da:

_ rodis gadamixdiT, mister?CemTan samjer iyaviT, aqamde ki...

mister stovelma axla wixli Caazi-la saxeSi: policiis ufrosma stoveliiqiT gaaTria, nensi ki miwaze egdo daicinoda. Tavi moabruna, sisxlTan er-Tad kbilebic gadmoafurTxa da Tqva:

_ gagigiaT, xalxo, samjer iyoCemTan da centic ar moucia.

ai, ase dakarga nensim kbilebi. imdRes yvelgan sul nensisa da misterstovelze laparakobdnen. xoloRamiT, vinc ki cixis axlos gaiara, es-moda, rogor mReroda da gahyvirodanensi. fanjaraSi moCanda misi xelebi,

gisosebisTvis rom CaeWida. RobesTanTavi moeyara brbos. idgnen da ismend-nen nensis yvirils, zedamxedveli xmaski akmendinebda, magram amaod. mTeliRame kioda, ganTiadisas ki zedamxed-velma gaigona, rom zemoT viRac abrax-unebda da fxaWnida kedels. avida maR-la da dainaxa, nensi fanjris gisoszeekida. mere man Tqva: es viskis ki ara,sul kokainis brali ariso. arc erTizangi Tavs ar moiklavs, Tu kokaini ardalia, xolo, roca kokainiT gaileSe-ba, zangs aRarc hgavso.

zedamxedvelma nensi gisosebidanCamoxsna da grZnobaze moiyvana, mere kimaTraxiT scema. nensis Turme Tavisikaba TokiviT waeWira yelSi. yvelaferiise moagvara, rogorc saWiro iyo. ma-gram, roca daiWires, mxolod da mx-olod kabis amara iyo da xelebisSesakravad araferi aRmoaCnda, amito-mac ver moaSora xelebi gisoss.

roca dilsi avad iyo da Tavis qoxSiiwva, xolo nensi CvenTan mzareulob-da, SevniSneT, rom mas mucelze winsa-fari eburceboda: es jer kidev manam-de iyo, vidre mama jubas aukrZalavdaCvens saxlSi mosvlas. juba samzareu-loSi RumelTan ijda da naWrilobeviSav saxeze ise mouCanda, rogorc WuWy-iani Tokis nagleji. jubam bavSvebsgviTxra, nensis kabis qveS sazamTroaqvso. am dros ki zamTari iyo.

_ zamTarSi sazamTro sad iSove? _hkiTxa qedim.

_ me ar miSovia, _ upasuxa jubam, _magram sul erTia, Cemia Tu sxvisi,avdgebi da gavWri.

_ bavSvebs ase ratom elaparakebi?_ uTxra nensim. _ samuSaod ratom armidixar? ginda, mister jeisonma dagi-naxos, ras bodav bavSvebTan?

_ ras bodavs juba, nensi? _ hkiTxaqedim.

_ me ar maqvs TeTrkanianebis samza-reuloSi yofnis ufleba, _ Tqvajubam, _ magram Cems samzareuloSiTeTrkanians SeuZlia imden xans dayos,ramdenic surs. rodesac TeTrkanianimodis CemTan saxlSi, es ukve Cemi sax-

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li aRar aris. me ar SemiZlia avukrZa-lo CemTan mosvla, magram verc is gam-agdebs Cemi sakuTari saxlidan, vergamagdebs.

dilsi isev avad iyo da Tavis qoxSiiwva. is sul avadmyofobda, didxansavadmyofobda. mamam aukrZala jubasCvenTan mosvla. erTxel, vaxSmis Sem-deg biblioTekaSi rom visxediT, dedamikiTxa:

_ nensi ar morCa samzareulos mi-lagebas?

_ qventini wavides da naxos, _ Tqvamamam da me mommarTa: _ qventin, wadi,naxe, morCa Tu ara nensi saqmes, Tu mor-Ca, uTxari, saxlSi wavides.

samzareuloSi rom Sevedi, nensisaelagebina da daerecxa kidec WurWe-li. axla Camqral RumelTan ijda. Se-momxeda.

_ dedam SemogiTvala, saqmes TumorCio, _ vuTxari me.

_ ho, _ Tqva nensim, _ movrCisaqmes.

_ ra iyo, nensi? ra dagemarTa?_ me mxolod zangi qali var, magram

es Cemi brali ar aris.nensi skamze ijda Camqrali Rumel-

is win. Tavze mezRvauris qudi exura damiyurebda. cota ar iyos meucnauraCveni samzareulo, albaT imitom, romRumeli iyo Camqrali. Cveulebriv,samzareuloSi Tbila, mxiarulebaa dayvela fusfusebs. axla RumelSi cecx-li ar enTo. WurWeli ukve aelagebinanensis da aRarc apirebda vinme ase gvi-an vaxSmobas. me biblioTekaSi davbrun-di.

_ morCa nensi saqmes? _ mkiTxadedam.

_ ho, deda._ axla raRas akeTebs?_ arafers. yvelafers morCa da zis._ waval da vnaxav, _ Tqva mamam._ albaT, jubas elodeba, rom Sin

waiyvanos, _ Tqva qedim._ juba xom aq ar aris, _ SevZaxe me.nensi yveboda, _ erTxel, diliT

rom gaviRviZe, juba ukve sadRac wa-suliyo, _ mimatova, vfiqrob, memfis-

Si wavida, albaT policias emaleba._ madloba RmerTs, Tavidan mov-

iSore, _ Tqva mamam, _ imedia, iq dar-Ceba.

_ nensis Rame eSinia, _ Tqva jeison-ma.

_ Senc geSinia, _ uTxra qedim._ sulac ara._ mSiSarav!_ sulac ara var mSiSara._ qendeis! _ damiZaxa dedam, _ mama

dabrunda._ nensis cotaze gavacileb, _ Tqva

mamam, _ ase miTxra, juba dabrundao._ rao, nensim naxa? _ ikiTxa dedam._ ara, viRac zangma Seatyobina,

juba qalaqSiao. male davbrundebi._ nensis saxlSi miacileb, me ki mar-

to mtoveb? _ getyoba, imas ufroufrTxildebi, vidre Cven.

_ male moval._ is zangi sadRac aqve daboria-

lobs, Sen ki midixar. bavSvebs RvTisanabara toveb?

_ mec wamoval, _ Tqva qedim, _ Sei-Zleba mama?

_ Zalian ki sWirdeba Seni bavSvebi!kidevac xelSi rom Cauvardes, rasuzams, _ Tqva mamam.

_ mec wamoval, _ jeisonsac moun-da wasvla.

_ jeison! _ dedam mamas mimarTa.yvelafers misi toniT mixvdebo-

diT. is darwmunebuli iyo, mama mTelidRe imas fiqrobda da akeTebda, racdedas saSinlad ar moswonda. egona,rom mama, bolos da bolos, isev imazefiqrs moundeboda, ra ewyeninebina mis-Tvis.

gasusuli vijeqi. vicodi, rom dedaaucileblad ityoda, qventini SindarCeso. amitom mama arc ki iyurebo-da Cemken. da-ZmebSi yvelaze ufrosi meviyavi. cxra weli Semisrulda, qediSvidis iyo, jeisoni ki xuTis.

_ sisulelea, _ Tqva mamam, _ malemovalT.

nensis ukve exura qudi. Cven viwroquCaze gavuxvieT da gadasaxvevamdegavediT.

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_ juba yovelTvis kargad meqceo-da, _ Tqva nensim, _ or dolars romiSovida, erTs me maZlevda.

SesaxvevSi mivdiodiT._ oRond aqedan gavideT, mere ki

araferi miSavs.SesaxvevSi yovelTvis bneloda._ ai aq SeeSinda jeisons yovlad

wmindis dRes, _ Tqva qedim._ sulac ara, _ wamoiyvira jeison-

ma._ nuTu deida reiCels araferi

SeuZlia mouxerxos jubas? _ ikiTxamamam.

deida reiCeli Rrmad moxucebuliiyo. marto cxovrobda nensis mezo-blad. Tma sul gaTeTreboda. ukve aRarmuSaobda, dRisiT ijda xolme qoxiszRurblze da yalions abolebda. am-bobdnen, juba misi Sviliao. reiCeliczogjer ambobda, juba Cemi Sviliao.zogjer ki uaryofda _ Cemi Svili arariso.

_ ara, Sen SegeSinda, _ uTxraqedim, _ Sen fronize ufro mxdaliyofilxar, yvela zangze ufro mxdali.

_ nuTu aravis SeuZlia raime moux-erxos jubas? _ ikiTxa nensim, _ jubammiTxra, rom mis arsebaSi eSmaki gavaR-viZe da manamde ar damSviddeba, vidre...

_ kargi, _ uTxra mamam, _ is xomwavida, axla risi geSinia. TeTrkanianmamakacebsac moeSvi.

_ TeTrkanian kacebs moeSvas? _ikiTxa qedim, _ rogor Tu moeSvas?

_ juba arsadac ar wasula, _ Tqvanensim, _ vgrZnob, rom aq aris, ai amSesaxvevSi. esmis yoveli sityva, rasacCven vambobT. sadRac aq daimala da ic-dis. me ar minaxavs, davinaxav mxoloderTxel, roca samarTebeli eqneba xe-lSi. samarTebeli zurgze hkidia per-angqveS. jubas danaxva sul ar gami-kvirdeba.

_ sulac ar SemSinebia, _ Tqva je-isonma.

_ Tu ise moiqcevi, rogorc saWi-roa, araferic ar moxdeba, _ uTxramamam nensis, _ magram axla yvelaferirigzea. juba, albaT san-luisSia. al-

baT, sxva colic gaiCina ukve, Sen kisul daaviwydi.

_ ho, Tu asea, _ Tqva nensim, _ajobebs, amis Sesaxeb araferi vicode.Tu arada davudarajdebi, mSvidadiyaviT! rogorc ki im qalbatons moex-veva, mklavs movWri! Tavs wavagdebineb,mis satrfos ki mucels gamovufatravda...

_ suu! _ gaaCuma mamam._ vis gamofatrav mucels, nensi? _

ikiTxa qedim._ me sulac ar meSinia, _ Tqva

jeisonma. _ ginda, sulac martom ga-viaro mosaxvevSi?

_ rogor ara, _ uTxra qedim, _ Si-Sisagan uCvenod nabijsac ver gadad-gam.

IIdilsi isev avadmyofobda. Cven yov-

el saRamos mivacilebdiT Sin nensis.bolos dedam Tqva:

_ sanamde unda gagrZeldes ase?yovel saRamos marto vrCebi am didcariel saxlSi, Sen ki SeSinebul zang-is qals acileb.

nensisTvis samzareuloSi gavSaleTleibi. erTxel RamiT, raRac xmam gag-vaRviZa: kaci ver gaarkvevda, simReraiyo Tu tirili: xma amodioda kibis qveSdasadgurebuli sibnelidan. dedisoTaxSi sinaTle enTo. Cven gavigoneT,rom mama derefanSi gavida, iqidan kikibeze gadainacvla. me da qedic ga-vediT derefanSi. iataki civi iyo. si-civisagan fexis TiTebi gvekrunCxebo-da, magram mainc videqiT da yursvugdebdiT im xmas. TiTqos simReraiyo, magram arc simReras hgavda. swo-red iseTi bgerebi moismoda, zangebirom gamoscemen xolme.

mere xma miwyda da gavigoneT, rommama kibeze Cadioda. Cvenc moajirTangavCerdiT. kvlav gaisma yru xma dawamsve Sua kibeze, zed kedelTan nensisTvalebi davinaxeT, katis TvalebiviTrom anaTebdnen. kibeze CavediT. rocamivuaxlovdiT, nensi gaCumda. manamdevideqiT iq, vidre samzareulodan re-

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volvermomarjvebuli mama ar gamovi-da. is nensisTan erTad Cavida qvemoTda ukan rom brundebodnen, Tan mo-hqondaT nensis leibi.

CvenTan, bavSvebis oTaxSi gaSales esleibi. roca dedis oTaxSi sinaTleCaqra, kvlav davinaxeT nensis Tvalebi.

_ nensi! _ CurCuliT dauZaxaqedim. _ nensi, ar gZinavs?

nensim raRac CaiCurCula sibneleSi,ver gavarkvie, ra Tqva, verc is gavar-kvie, saidan moismoda es xma, TiTqosTavisTavad daibadao. nensi TiTqos iqarc iyo, misi Tvalebi ki imitom moCan-da, rom jer kidev kibeze dabejiTebiTmivCerebodi maT da quTuToebze aRme-beWda, swored ise, rogorc mzem icis,roca Sexedav, mere ki Tvalebs daxuWav.

_ RmerTo! _ amoikvnesa nensim, _RmerTo!

_ juba iyo? _ CaiCurCula qedim, _samzareuloSi Semosvla undoda?

_ RmerTo! _ Tqva nensim, ai aseTqva: ̀ RmeeeeeerTo~, sanam misi CurCu-li sanTlis SuqiviT ar gaqra.

_ nensi, Cven gvxedav? _ hkiTxaqedim, _ Cven Tvalebsac xedav?

_ me mxolod zangi qali var, _ Tqvanensim, _ RmerTma icis, RmerTma icis...

_ ra naxe samzareuloSi? _ kvlavwaiCurCula qedim. _ vis undoda Se-mosvla?

_ RmerTma icis, vis, _ upasuxa nen-sim. _ RmerTma icis. _ Cven vxedavdiTnensis Tvalebs.

dilsi gamojanmrTelda da isevSeudga mzareulobas.

_ jobda, erTi-ori dRe kidevwoliliyavi, _ uTxra mamam.

_ ratom? _ ikiTxa dilsim, _ kidevdawvebi erT dRes da qva-qvaze ar dar-Ceba. aba, wadiT aqedan. macadeT, samza-reulo movawesrigo.

vaxSamic dilsim moamzada. xolo sa-Ramos, Sebindebisas samzareuloSi nen-si Semovida.

_ saidan ici, rom juba dabrunda?_ hkiTxa dilsim, _ Sen xom ar ginax-avs?

_ juba zangia, _ Tqva jeisonma.

_ me vgrZnob, rom is ai iq, xevSiimaleba, _ Tqva nensim.

_ amaRamac? _ ikiTxa dilsim, _axlac iq aris?

_ dilsic zangia, _ uTxra jeison-ma.

_ geWama rame, _ uTxra dilsim._ ar mSia, _ miugo nensim._ me Savtuxa ar var, _ wamoiZaxa

jeisonma._ yava dalie, _ uTxra dilsim nen-

sis da finjani yava miawoda._ Sen fiqrob, rom axlac iq aris?

saidan ici?_ vici, _ Tqva nensim, _ iq icdis,

vici, tyuilubralod ki ar micxovriamasTan amden xans. me yovelTvisvgrZnob, ras moimoqmedebs juba, maSi-nac ki, roca TviTonac ar icis, ras gaa-keTebs meore wuTSi.

_ dalie yava, _ uTxra dilsim.nensim tuCebTan miitana finjani da

suli Seubera. piri reziniviT gaeWima,tuCebi gaufermkrTalda, TiTqos su-lis Sebervas feric gamoayolao.

_ me Savtuxa ar var, _ Tqva jeison-ma. _ Sen ki Savtuxa xar, ara nensi?

_ dabadebidanve SeCveuli var,male ki sul aRaraferi viqnebi. malewaval iq, saidanac movedi.

IIInensim, vidre yavas svamda da orive

xeliT finjani eWira, kvlav amouSvaigive xma. xma pirdapir finjanSi Cadio-da. ijda muxlebze idayvebdabjenili,finjani orive xeliT eWira, Cven Se-mogvcqeroda da isev im xmas gamoscem-da.

_ gaCumdi, _ uTxra dilsim.nensis isev ori xeliT eWira fin-

jani, Cven Semogvcqeroda da gamoscem-da im xmas; TiTqos ori nensi iyo, erTiCven gviyurebda, meore ki xmas ga-moscemda.

_ ratom ar gsurs, rom misterjeisoni telefoniT policiis ufrossmoelaparakos? _ hkiTxa dilsim. nen-si gaCumda, grZel Sav xelebSi iseveWira finjani. Seecada moesva yava, ma-

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gram xelebsa da muxlebze gadmoeR-vara.

_ gadaylapva miWirs, _ Tqva man, _vsvam, magram yelSi ar gadadis.

_ CemTan wadi, _ uTxra dilsim, _froni logins gagiSlis, mec male mov-al.

_ rogor ggonia, jubas viRac Sav-kanianis SeeSindeba?

_ me Savkaniani ar var, _ Tqvajeisonma, _ dilsi, me xom Savkaniani arvar?

_ vfiqrob, rom ara, _ miugo dil-sim, is nensis uyurebda. _ Sen ras izam?

nensim Semogvxeda, Tvalebs ise ace-cebda, TiTqos eSinoda, rom yvelafrisdanaxvas ver moaswrebda. samives er-Tad gvicqerda.

_ gaxsovT, rogor gavaTie RameTqvens oTaxSi? _ Tqva man da mohyva,rogor gaviRviZeT dilaadrian dadaviwyeT TamaSi. Cumad vTamaSobdiTmis leibze, vidre mamam ar gaiRviZa danensi iZulebuli ar gaxda sauzmis mo-samzadeblad Casuliyo qveviT.

_ dedas sTxoveT, rom dRes Tqven-Tan damtovos Ramis gasaTevad. leibicki ar mWirdeba. Cven isev viTamaSebT.

qedi wavida dedasTan SesakiTxad,jeisonic gahyva.

_ ara, nebas ver davrTav viRaczangs, Cvens saxlSi Rame rom aTios, _Tqva dedam.

jeisoni atirda da manamde itira,vidre dedam ar uTxra, Tu ar gaCumde-bi, sami dRe tkbileuls ar mogcemo.maSin jeisonma uTxra, gavCumdebi, Tudilsi Sokoladis namcxvars gamomicx-obso. mamac iq iyo.

_ ratom arafers iRoneb? risTvisarsebobs policia? _ uTxra dedam.

_ nensis ratom eSinia jubasi? _ikiTxa qedim.

_ deda, Senc geSinia mamasi?_ policia ras gaawyobs, _ Tqva

mamam, _ sad unda eZebon juba, Tu nen-sisac ki ar unaxavs TvaliT.

_ maS, risi eSinia nensis? _ ikiTxadedam.

_ nensi ambobs, juba aq ariso. vici,

amaRamac aq iqnebao._ ai, Sen viRac zang qals miacileb

Sin, me ki marto vrCebi, cariel saxl-Si.

_ Sen xom ici, samarTebelmomar-jvebuli ar vwvebi gareT, _ Tqva mamam.

_ gavCumdebi, Tu Sokoladistorts gamikeTebs dilsi, _ wuwuneb-da jeisoni.

deda gagvijavrda, aqedan wadiTo,mamam ki Tqva, Sokoladis torti arvici, magram is ki Zalian kadgad vici,rasac miiRebs jeisoni, Tu axlaveoTaxidan ar gavao. Cven samzareuloSidavbrundiT da nensis vuTxariT:

_ mamam Tqva, nensi Sin wavides dakari Caiketos, xels veravin axlebso.

_ vin ver gaxlebs xels, nensi? juba,ara? is Senze gulmosulia? _ hkiTxaqedim.

nensis isev eWira finjani orive xe-liT, idayvebiT muxlebs dayrdnobodada fanjaraSi iyureboda.

nensis finjani xelidan gauvarda,finjani ar gatyda, mxolod yava daiR-vara. nensi ise ijda, TiTqos xelSi iseveWira finjani. kvlav azuzunda, odnavgasagonad, TiTqos simRera iyo da arciyo simRera. Cven SevcqerodiT am zangqals.

_ kargi! _ Tqva dilsim, _ geyofa!moicade aq, waval da verSs vTxov, sax-lamde migacilos.

dilsi gareT gavida. Cven Sevyureb-diT nensis. mas mxrebi kvlav uTrToda,magram axla Cumad iyo.

_ ras gipirebs juba? _ hkiTxaqedim, _ igi xom wavida.

nensim Semogvxeda._ marTla, ra mxiarulad viyaviT im

Rames, TqvenTan erTad rom gavaTie._ sulac ara, _ Tqva jeisonma, _ me

ar viyavi mxiaruli._ Sen geZina, _ uTxra qedim, _ Cven-

Tan sul ar yofilxar._ wamodiT axla CemTan da isev vi-

TamaSoT, _ gviTxra nensim._ deda ar gamogviSvebs, _ mivuge

me, _ ukve gviania._ Tqvenc nu etyviT dRes, xval

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diliT uTxariT, ar gabrazdeba._ deda nebas ar mogvcems._ axla nu etyviT, nu SeawuxebT._ dedas ar uTqvams, nu waxvalTo,

_ Tqva qedim._ Cven xom ar gviTxovia, _ vTqvi me._ mainc Tu waxvalT, me vetyvi de-

das, _ gviTxra jeisonma._ CemTan wavideT, viTamaSoT, ram-

deni xania TqvenTan vmuSaob, deda argagijavrdebaT.

_ wamoval, me ar meSinia, _ Tqvaqedim, _ jeisons ki eSinia. is etyvisdedas.

_ arc me meSinia._ diaxac, geSinia. Sen etyvi dedas._ ar vetyvi, sulac ar meSinia._ ra Tqma unda, Cems gverdiT Tu

iqneba, jeisons ar SeeSindeba, _ Tqvanensim, _ xom asea, jeison?

_ jeisoni dedas etyvis, _ kvlavgaimeora qedim.

SesaxvevSi bneloda. Cven WiSkridanmindorze gavediT.

_ sanaZleos vdeb, WiSkridan raimerom gamomxtariyo, jeisoni aRrialde-boda.

_ sulac ar avRrialdebodi.Cven gza ganvagrZeT. nensi xmamaRla

laparakobda._ nensi, ratom laparakob ase xmama-

Rla? _ hkiTxa qedim._ vin? me? erTi usmineT amaT, ras

amboben qventini, qedi da jeisoni,TiTqos me xmamaRla vlaparakobde.

_ Sen ise laparakob, nensi, TiTqosaq kidev viRac meoTxe iyos, _ uTxraqedim. ise laparakob, TiTqos mamacCvenTan iyos.

_ vin laparakobs xmamaRla? me, mis-ter jeison? _ Tqva nensim,

_ gaigone, nensim, jeisons `mis-teri~ uwoda.

_ aba, Tqven Tavs daugdeT yuri,rogor laparakobT, _ gviTxra nensim.

_ Cven sulac ar vlaparakobT xmama-Rla, _ Tqva qedim, _ xmamaRla mx-olod Sen laparakob, mamamac ase icis.

_ Cumad, _ Tqva nensim. _ Cumad,mister jeison.

nensim kvlav `misteri~ uwodajeisons.

igi erTTavad xmamaRla laparakob-da, vidre xevze gadavdiodiT da Robe-Si vZvrebodiT. bolos, mivadeqiT misqoxs. nensim qoxis kari gaaRo. lampissuni gveca. xolo TviT nensis sunipatruqis suns hgavda, TiTqos isinierTmaneTs elodnen, raTa ufro mZaf-ri suni datrialebuliyo qoxSi. nensimaanTo lampa, kari daxura da urduligauyara. is xmamaRla aRar laparakob-da, Cven gviyurebda.

_ axla ras gavakeTebT? _ ikiTxaqedim.

_ Tqvi, ra gindaT gavakeToT, _uTxra nensim.

_ Sen xom Tqvi, viTamaSebTo.mZime suni idga nensis saxlSi. es

TviT jeisonmac igrZno._ ar minda aq darCena, _ Tqva man,

_ saxlSi minda._ maSin wadi, _ uTxra qedim._ marto ar waval, _ gajiutda

jeisoni._ axla Cven viTamaSebT, _ Tqva nen-

sim._ ras viTamaSebT? _ ikiTxa qedim.nensi karTan idga. Cven gvicqerda,

magram uazro Tvalebi hqonda, TiTqosverafers xedavso.

_ axla ra gindaT gavakeToT? _ikiTxa man.

_ zRapari mogviyevi, _ sTxovaqedim, _ SegiZlia zRapris moyola?

_ SemiZlia._ maSin mogviyevi.Cven nensis SevcqerodiT._ Sen zRaprebi ar ici, _ uTxra

qedim._ rogor ara, vici, ai axlave

mogiyvebiT.nensi kerasTan axlos mivida da ska-

mze dajda. keraze jer kidev RviodanaRverdali: nensim suli Seubera daali avarda, cecxli agizgizda, oTax-Si TiTqos dacxa. mere nensim zRaprismoyola daiwyo. ise gviyveboda da isegvicqerda, TiTqos xma da Tvalebi masar ekuTvnoda. TviTonac TiTqos aq ar

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iyo, TiTqos sadRac sxvagan imyofebo-da da raRacas eloda. igi saxlSi ki ara,sadRac gareT iyo sibneleSi. aq iyomisi xmac, sxeulic, _ is nensi, visacTavze fuTadadebuls SeeZlo RobeSigaZroma, TiTqos es fuTa sahaero bur-TiviT msubuqi yofiliyos.

nensim ganagrZo:_ da ai, dedofali miadga Txrils,

sadac imaleboda boroti kaci da Tqva:`netav, am Txrilze gadamiyvana~.

_ romel Txrilze? _ ikiTxa qedim,_ CvenTan rom aris iseTze? ra undo-da dedofals TxrilTan?

_ Sin midioda da Txrilze unda ga-dasuliyo.

_ rad midioda dedofali Sin? _ikiTxa qedim.

IVnensim zRapris moyola Sewyvita da

Cven Semogvacqerda. jeisons fexebiSarvlis totebSi uCanda. radgan pat-ara iyo, mokle Sarvali ecva.

_ ar momwons es zRapari, _ Tqvajeisonma, _ Sin minda.

_ marTlac, kargi iqneba saxlSi wav-ideT, _ gaimeora qedimac da fexze wa-modga, _ sanaZleos davdeb, rom ukvegveZeben, _ da karisken wavida.

_ ara, _ uTxra nensim, _ kars nugaaReb.

nensi swrafad wamoxta da qedisgauswro. qedim verc ki moaswro karTanmisvla.

_ ratom? _ ikiTxa qedim._ wavideT, lampasTan davjdeT, vi-

TamaSoT. jer nu waxvalT._ Cveni aq darCena ar SeiZleba, _

Tqva qedim, _ Tu Zalian vimx-iarulebT, eg sxva ambavia.

qedi da nensi dabrundnen kerasTan._ saxlSi minda wasvla, _ Tqva

jeisonma, _ Sin yvelafers vityvi._ me sxva zRaprebic vici, _ uTxra

nensim. is Zalian axlos idga lampasTanda ise Sescqeroda qedis, rogorc ad-amiani Sescqeris joxs, cxviris wverzerom awonasworebs. qedi rom daenaxa,Zirs unda daexeda, magram ise iyurebo-

da, TiTqos joxs awonasworebso cx-viris wverze.

_ yurs ar dagigdeb, _ jiutobdajeisoni, _ icode, fexebs davabakuneb.

_ es kargi zRaparia, _ amSvidebdanensi, _ imaze gacilebiT ukeTesi.

_ razea zRapari? _ ikiTxa qedim.nensi lampis axlos idga. xeliT Se-

exo lampis SuSas, misi xeli ufro gr-Zeli da muqi gamoCnda sinaTleSi.

_ gavarvarebul SuSas rom hkidebxels, ar gwvavs?

nensim xelze daixeda da nela moaSo-ra SuSas. igi idga, qedis Sescqeroda daTavis grZel xels ise atrialebda,TiTqos TokiT hqonda mibmuli majaze.

_ modi, sxva rame gavakeToT, _Tqva qedim.

_ Sin minda wasvla, _ uTxrajeisonma.

_ me simindi maqvs, _ nensim jer qe-dis Sexeda, mere jeisons, mere me dabolos isev qedis, _ modi, movxaloTsimindi.

_ ar miyvars batibuti, _ Tqvajeisonma, _ me kanfeti miyvars.

nensim jeisons Sexeda._ tafa damiWire!nensi ise atrialebda grZel da Sav

xels, TiTqos uZilo iyo._ kargi, cota xans davrCebi, Tu

tafas damaWerineb. qedim ar icis taf-is daWera. Tu qedi daikavebs tafas, meSin waval.

nensim cecxli gaaCaRa._ Sexede, nensi pirdapir cecxlSi

yofs xels, _ Tqva qedim, _ ra ge-marTeba, nensi?

_ me simindi maqvs, mxolod cota.nensim sawolis qvemodan gamoiRo

gatexili tafa. jeisoni atirda_ Cven siminds ver movxalavT, _

Tqva man._ sul erTia, saxlSi unda wavideT,

_ uTxra qedim. _ qventin, wavideT._ moicadeT, cota xans moicadeT,

tafas axlave SevakeTeb. iqneb, momexma-ro?

_ aRar minda simindi, _ uTxraqedim nensis. _ gvianaa.

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_ maSin, Sen momexmare, jeison, _sTxova nensim, _ xom ginda, rom momex-maro?

_ ara, saxlSi minda wasvla._ dawynardiT, _ Tqva nensim, _

dawynardiT. miyureT, ras gavakeTeb, meaxlave SevakeTeb tafas, jeisoni daiW-ers da movxalavT siminds.

nensim moitana mavTulis nawyvetida imiT daamagra tafis saxeluri.

_ kargad ver daiWers, _ Tqva qedim._ mSvenivrad daiWers, ai naxavT. aba

axla yvelani momexmareT simindisdafSvnaSi.

simindic sawolis qveS iyo. Cven si-minds vfSvnidiT da tafaze vyridiT,nensi ki exmareboda jeisons tafiscecxlze daWeraSi.

_ xedavT, simindi ar skdeba, _ Tqvajeisonma, _ saxlSi minda wasvla.

_ moiTmineT, _ uTxra nensim, _axlave daskdeba, mere ki gaverTobiT.

nensi cecxlTan axlos ijda. patru-qi Zalian amoiwia da lampa abolda.

_ ratom ar dauwie patruqs? _vkiTxe me.

_ ara uSavs, _ Wvartls mere mova-Soreb. cota kidev moiTmineT.

_ ara mgonia, rom daskdes, _ Tqvaqedim, _ sul erTia, mainc unda wavi-deT saxlSi, Cvenebi Sewuxdebian.

_ ara, _ uTxra nensim, - axlavedaskdeba simindi. mSoblebs dilsietyvis, rom CemTan xarT. me xom Tqven-Tan didxans vmuSaobdi. ar gabrazdebi-an, CemTan rom wamoxvediT. daicadeT,axlave daskdeba.

am dros jeisons TvalSi eca bolida atirda. tafa cecxlSi Cauvarda.nensim sveli CvriT mowminda saxejeisons. is ki mainc tiroda.

_ aba gaCumdi, _ uTxra nensim, _gaCumdi!

magram igi ar Cumdeboda.qedim tafa cecxlidan gamoaTria._ sul daiwva, _ Tqva qedim. _

kidev moita simindi, nensi._ mTlianad dayare tafaze?_ diax.nensim Sexeda qedis, Semdeg aiRo

tafa, Tavi moxada, damwvari simindiwinsafarSi Caiyara da grZeli SaviTiTebiT Seudga marcvlebis gadarCe-vas. Cven ki mas SevcqerodiT.

_ meti simindi aRar gaqvs? _ See-kiTxa qedi.

_ maqvs, _ miugo nensim. _ naxe, yve-la ar damwvara, mxolod unda...

_ saxlSi minda wasvla, _ Tqvajeisonma. _ me yvelafers vityvi.

_ su! _ gaaCuma qedim.mivayuradeT.nensis Tavi ukve karisken hqonda mi-

brunebuli. mis TvalebSi krToda lam-pis Suqis wiTeli anarekli.

_ viRac modis, _ Tqva qedim.mere nensis kvlav aRmoxda is

gaguduli xma. cecxlis piras ijda,grZeli xelebi muxlebSua hqonda Cak-idebuli. uecrad saxeze msxvilma wve-Tebma gamoasxa. mere es wveTebi loye-bze Camougorda da nikapic dausvelda;yovel wveTSi cecxlis anarekli cial-ebda.

_ ar tiris, _ vTqvi me._ ar vtiri, ara, _ wamoiZaxa nensim.

mas Tvalebi daexuWa, _ me ar vtiri, vinmodis?

_ ar vici, _ upasuxa qedim dakarisken wavida, gareT gaixeda, _ axlaki saxlSi unda wavideT, ai, mamac movi-da.

_ me yvelafers vetyvi, _ Tqvajeisonma, _ ar mindoda wamosvla,Tqven ki Zalad wamomiyvaneT.

nensis saxeze kvlav Camosdiodaofli. igi skamze Sebrunda.

_ yuri migdeT, uTxariT mas... uTx-ariT, rom Cven viTamaSebT, rom mogiv-liT dilamde. sTxoveT, neba damrTosTqvenTan erTad wamovide da TqvenssaxlSi daviZino iatakze, leibic armWirdeba. Cven viTamaSebT. gaxsovT,maSin ra mxiarulad viyaviT?

_ me sulac ar viyavi mxiaruli, _Tqva jeisonma, Sen me Tvalebi matkine,boliT amivse.

Vmama qoxSi Semovida, yvelas Se-

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mogvxeda. nensi skamidan ar wamomdga-ra.

_ uTxariT mas, _ gvTxova nensim._ me ar mindoda, qedim ZaliT wamo-

miyvana, _ daiwyo jeisonma.mama kerasTan movida. nensim axeda

mas._ gana ar SegiZlia deida reiCelT-

an waxvide da Rame iq gaaTio? _ hkiTxamamam. nensis xelebi isev muxlebSuahqonda Cakiduli da ise Sescqerodamamas.

_ is aq ar aris, _ Tqva mamam. _Torem davinaxavdi. kaciSvili arWaWanebs axlomaxlo.

_ TxrilSia, _ uTxra nensim. _ aiiq, TxrilSi imaleba.

_ sisulelea, _ mamam nensis Sexe-da, _ saidan ici, rom iq aris?

_ niSani damitova._ ra niSani?_ magidaze damxvda lampis gver-

diT, roca Sin Semovedi; Roris Zvaliiyo, zed sisxliani xorci SerCenoda. isiq aris. rogorc ki Tqven am karidangaxvalT, Cemi aRsasrulic dadgeba.

_ ra aRsasruli, nensi? _ hkiTxaqedim.

_ me Worikana ar var, _ Tqvajeisonma.

_ sisuleleebs Tavi daanebe, _uTxra mamam.

_ iq aris, axla fanjaraSi iyureba,elodeba, rodis waxvalT. maSin CemiaRsasrulic dadgeba.

_ sisulelea! _ uTxra mamam. _ da-kete kari da Cven migacilebT deidareiCelTan.

_ ra azri aqvs! _ amoioxra nensim.is axla aRar uyurebda mamas, samagi-erod mama dahyurebda zemodan,dahyurebda mis grZel da moZrav Savxelebs, _ ra azri aqvs gaWianurebas?

_ maS, ras fiqrobT? _ hkiTxa mamam._ ar vici, _ upasuxa nensim. _ aba,

ra SemiZlia, cotas Tu gavaWianureb, egaris... magram ra azri aqvs. vfiqrob,aseTi bedi miweria. risi Rirsic var,imas miviReb.

_ ras miiReb? _ SeekiTxa qedi, _

risi Rirsi xar?_ sisulelea, _ Tqva mamam. _ axla

yvelam unda daiZinoT._ me ar mindoda wamosvla, qedim

maiZula, _ Tqva jeisonma._ deida reiCelTan wadi, _ uTxra

mamam nensis._ ra azri aqvs, _ miugo nensim. is

cecxlis piras ijda, idayvebiT muxle-bze dayrdnobili. _ Tqvens samzareu-loSic rom viyo, mainc moxdeba mo-saxdeni. Tundac bavSvebis oTaxSi meZ-inos, mainc mnaxaven diliT sisxlSi Se-curebuls da...

_ Cu, _ Tqva mamam, _ dakete kari,Caaqre sinaTle da daiZine.

_ sibnelis meSinia, ar minda, rom essibneleSi moxdes.

_ aba, mTeli Rame anTebul lam-pasTan ginda ijde?

uecrad nensi kvlav im xmaze azuzun-da. cecxlis piras ijda da grZeli xe-lebi muxlebSua hqonda CaSvebuli.

_ eh, RmerTma daswyevlos _ Tqvamamam. _ Sin wavideT, bavSvebo, ukve Zi-lis droa!

_ Tqven rom waxvalT, Cemi aRsasru-li dadgeba, xval me mkvdari viqnebi. meukve davagrove kubos fuli da misterlavledisTan Sevitane...

mister lavledi WuWyiani, tandaba-li kaci iyo, romelic zangebisgandazRvevis fuls agrovebda. SabaTdiliT Camouvlida xolme qoxebs,samzareuloebs da TiToeuli zangis-agan iRebda TxuTmet cents. is colTanerTad cxovrobda sastumroSi. erTdilas misma colma Tavi moikla. maTerTi bavSvi hyavdaT, patara gogona.mas Semdeg, rac colma Tavi moikla,mister lavledi Tavisi SviliT iqau-robas gaecala. ramdenime xnis Semdegisev dabrunda. SabaTobiT xSirad vx-vdebodiT mas baptistebis eklesiaSimimavals.

_ sisulelea, _ Tqva mamam, _ xvaldiliTve gnaxav CvenTan samzareuloSi.

_ rasac naxavT, naxavT. xolo, racmoxdeba, imis Sesaxeb mxolod RmerTmaicis!...

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mamam jeisoni mxrebze Seisva, CvengamovediT nensis qoxidan. is ki isevcecxlis piras ijda.

_ Cakete kari, _ uTxra mamam, _urduli gauyare.

nensi ar ganZreula, arc ki Semogvxe-da. Cven wavediT, is ki kerasTan darCa:kari Ria iyo da lampa enTo, raTa is,rasac eloda, sibneleSi ar momx-dariyo.

_ rao, mama, _ ikiTxa qedim, _ ra-tom eSinia nensis jubasi? ras uzamsjuba nensis?

_ juba aq ar aris, _ Tqva jeisonma._ ho, is aq ar aris, wasulia aqedan.

_ daudastura mamam._ maS TxrilSi vin Caimala? _

ikiTxa qedim.Txrils gavxedeT. Cven swored im

adgilas mivadeqiT, sadac biliki eSve-boda dabla xSiri buCqnarisken, xoloSemdeg isev maRla adioda.

_ iq aravinaa, _ Tqva mamam.mTvare mkrTalad anaTebda. ase rom

mxolod axlo manZilze moCanda sagne-bi. SambnarSi sibnele da siCume sufev-da.

_ Tu aq aris, albaT gvxedavs, ara?_ me ar mindoda wamosvla, _ Tqva

jeisonma, _ qedim maiZula.iseve, rogorc xSir buCqnarSi, xe-

vSic sruli siCume da sicariele sufe-vda.

_ daviRale, _ Tqva nensim, _ me mx-

olod zangi qali var. es Cemi brali araris.

nensi ar Canda, magram misi xma maincmoismoda. rogorc ki gamovediT qoxi-dan, nensi isev ise azuzunda. cecxlTanijda da grZeli, Savi xelebi muxlebsSoris hqonda CaSvebuli. misi xma kidevdidxans ismoda. Cven Txrilze gada-vediT da maRla, mamis mxrebze Semosk-upebuli jeisoni gamoCnda, patara daSavi.

Txrilze gadavediT da nensis cx-ovreba ukan movitoveT. misi sicocxledarCa iq, im qoxSi, romlis karic Riaiyo, sadac enTo lampa da nensi elodamosaxdens. axla Cvens Soris _ TeTriadamianebisa da nensis sicocxlesSoris _ ufskruli iyo.

_ vinRa gagvirecxavs sarecxs, mama?_ vikiTxe me.

_ Savtuxa ara var, _ Tqva mamismxrebze daskupebulma jeisonma.

_ Sen uaresi xar, _ uTxra qedim, _Sen enatania xar, xolo Tu rame gamox-teboda, yvela Savtuxaze metad SeSin-debodi.

_ sulac ara, _ miugo jeisonma._ aRialdebodi kidec._ sulac ar avRrialdebodi._ laCaro! _ uTxra qedim._ qendeis! _ mwyralad mimarTa

mamam qedis.

Targmna levan Wkuaselma

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jerom selinjeri

bananaTevzis amindi

amerikeli mwerali jerom selinjeri daibada niu-iorkSi 1919 wlis 1 ianvars.

yvelaze didi warmateba moutana erTaderTma roman-ma `TamaSi Wvavis yanaSi~, romelic TerTmetwliani Semo-qmedebiTi pauzis Semdeg Seqmna. romani dRemde sarge-blobs didi popularobiT axalgazrdebs Soris. manamdeki iyo uamravi moTxroba da novela. misi Txzulebebi 1940wlidan ibeWdeboda Jurnal-gazeTebSi. maT Soris aRsani-Snavia `bananaTevzis amindi~.

popularobis mopovebis Semdeg jeromi gandegil cx-ovrebas irCevs. TiTqos ar urTierTobs garesamyarosTan.1965 wlis Semdeg TxzulebaTa gamoqveynebas Tavs anebebsda mxolod sakuTari TavisTvis wers. cxovrobs uzarmaz-ar saxlSi martodmarto da eufleba aratradiciul me-dicinas _ iogas.

jerom selinjeri gardaicvala 91 wlis asakSi 2010wlis 27 ianvars.

sastumroSi oTxmocdaCvidmetiniu-iorkeli iyo, sareklamo agentebi,da radgan saqalaqTaSoriso telefo-nis xazebi sul maT daekavebinaT, 507-enomerSi mcxovreb axalgazrda qalsTormeti saaTidan mokidebuli lamissamis naxevramde dasWirda lodini, vi-dre SeaerTebdnen. Tumca uqmad aryofila _ qalTa JurnalSi statia wai-kiTxa _ ̀ seqsi an siamovnebaa, an _ jo-joxeTi~. savarcxeli da jagrisigarecxa. Calisferi kostumidan laqaamoiyvana. bluzaze Rili gadaakera,xalidan pincetiT ori axalamowver-ili bususi amoiglija. da roca tele-fonma, bolos da bolos, dareka, TiTq-mis amTavrebda laqis wasmas marcxenaxelis frCxilebze.

iseTi qali ar iyo, saqme maSinve mi-etovebina da telefonTan mivardnil-iyo. ise ijda, gegoneboda, rac mom-wifebaSi Sevida, ganuwyvetliv es zariesmiso.

dinjad moatara funji nekis frCx-ilze, frTxilobda mTvaris patararkalic Sig ar mohyoloda. telefoniki rekda da rekda. mere laqis flakonssacobi dauco da wamodga, marcxena,axalSeRebili xeli haerSi gaiqnia.

mSrali xeliT savarZlidan savse saf-erfle aiRo da saRamur magidasTan mi-itana, sadac telefoni idga, farTo sa-wolze Camojda da _ ukve mexuTe Tumeeqvse zaris Semdeg _ yurmili aiRo.

_ alo, _ CasZaxa yurmilSi. marcx-ena xelis TiTebi gafarCxuli hqonda,cdilobda abreSumis TeTri xalaTi-saTvis ar gaekarebina. sxva arcaraferi ecva, garda faCuCebisa. be-Wedi saabazanoSi daetovebina.

_ niu-iorks gierTebT, misis glas,_ uTxres telefonSi.

_ gmadlobT, _ miugo axalgazrdaqalma, Ramis magidaze nivTebi miswi-moswia da saferfle Cadga.

telefonSi qalis xma gaisma._ miurel, Sen xar?qalma cotaTi moiSora yurmili._ me var, deda. rogor xarT?_ Seni dardi ar masvenebs. ratom ar

damireke? rogor xar?_ guSinac vcade, guSinwinac. ma-

gram telefonze aq iseTi..._ rogor xar, miurel?qalma cota kidev gaswia yurmili._ kargad, kargad. oRond viwviT.

aseTi sicxe ar moswrebia floridas..._ ratom ar damireke? veRar movis-

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vene da..._ nu Rrialeb ra, deda. mSvenivrad

mesmis. orjer vcade. erTi, rogorc kiCamovediT...

_ vuTxari kidec mamaSens, amaRamdarekavs-meTqi. magram, gagigonia!..xom ici... rogor xar, miuriel? marTa-li miTxari.

_ kargad var. nu Camacivdi, ra!_ rodis CaxvediT?_ oTxSabaT dilas, dilaadrian._ saWesTan vin ijda?_ simori marTavda, _ upasuxa qal-

ma, _ nu gagiJdebi axla. mSvenivradmohyavda. gamikvirda kidec.

_ simori?! miurel, xom Sempirdi,rom...

_ deda! _ Seawyvetina qalma, _ xomgiTxari. mSvenivrad mohyavda. mTeligza ise modioda, ormocdaaTze arc kiasula.

_ im Tavis xuSturs xom aRar wamou-vlia, xeebi rom dainaxa?

_ xom giTxari, deda, _ mSvenivradmohyavda. kargi ra! TavidanvegavafrTxile, TeTr xazTan axlosiare-meTqi, da damijera. maSinve mimix-vda. is ki ara, TviTonve cdilobda, argaexeda xeebisken. maSinve Seatyobdi,rogor cdilobda. ho, marTla, is man-qana Tu SeakeTebina mamam?

_ jer ara. oTxasi dolari marto..._ simori xom Sehpirda mamas, me Tvi-

Ton gadavixdio. raRa saWiroa..._ kargi, magasac vnaxavT. rogor iq-

ceoda xolme _ manqanaSi, an ise?_ Zalian kargad! _ miugo qalma._ is saSineli raRac aRar dauZaxia

SenTvis?.._ ara. axali saxeli gamomigona._ mainc ra?_ oh. sulerTi ar aris, deda!_ miurel. unda vicode. mamaSeni..._ kargi, kargi. 1948 wlis gamoSveb-

is wminda mawanwalas meZaxis, _ uTxraqalma da gaicina.

_ neta ra gacinebs, miurel. sulac

ar aris sasacilo. saSinelebaa, pirda-pir. Zalian samwuxaro ambavia. rom gam-axsendeba, rogor...

_ deda, mismine, _ Seawyvetina qal-ma, _ germaniidan rom wigni gamomigza-vna, xom gaxsovs? ai, germanuli leqse-bi, Senc ici. neta, sad davkarge? ram-deni xania Tavs vimtvrev da ver...

_ arsadac ar dagikargavs._ viTom?_ rogor ara. CemTanaa. fredis

oTaxSi. aq dagrCa, da sxva adgili...rao? Wirdeba?

_ ara. ise mkiTxa manqanaSi, aqeT rommovdiodiT. Tu waikiTxeo, aintereseb-da.

_ germanulad romaa!_ ho, vici. magas ra mniSvneloba

aqvs, _ Tqva qalma da fexi fexze gada-ido, _ Cveni saukunis erTaderTi didipoetiao. Targmanebi unda geSovao,meubneba. an ena geswavlao. xom xedav!

_ mtrisas! mtrisas! Zalian samwux-aro ambavia. wuxel ambobda swored ma-maSeni...

_ erTi wuTiT, deda! _ wamodga,fanjarasTan mivida, savarZlidan sig-areti aiRo, moukida, isev dabrunda daloginze Camojda, _ mismen, deda? _Tqva da piridan kvamli gamouSva.

_ miurel, momismine._ gismen,_ mamaSeni eqim sivetskis elapara-

ka._ mere?_ yvelaferi uambo. yovel SemTx-

vevaSi, me ase miTxra... mamaSeni xomici!.. im xeebis ambavic, fanjarac, be-bias rom dRe daawia, _ ai, gegmas romawyobda bebiaSeni, rogor unda dam-marxono... im mSvenier ferad suraTebsrom daeria, bermudis kunZulebze nay-id suraTebs.... yvelaferi, yvelaferi!

_ mere?_ erTi sityviT, danaSauliao, imas

uTqvams, samxedro hospitlidanrogor gamouSveso... sindiss geficebi!

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pirdapir uTxra mamaSens: advili Sesa-Zlebelia _ Zalian advili SesaZlebe-liao, ase uTqvams _ male sul dakar-gos sakuTari Tavis kontrolio.sindiss geficebi.

_ aq erTi fsiqiatria sastumroSi,_ uTxra Svilma.

_ vin? ra gvarisaa?_ ver vixseneb, rizeri Tu raRac

amgvari. Zalian aqeben._ pirvelad mesmis._ amas ra mniSvneloba aqvs. Zalian

aqeben._ Tu SeiZleba, wesierad ilaparake.

mosveneba aRara gvaqvs Sens gamo. ma-maSens Rame depeSis gamogzavna undo-da, Camodio...

_ ara, jer mainc ver Camoval, deda.nu geSiniaT.

_ miurel, sindiss geficebi, siv-etskim Tqva, male iqneb sul dakargosTviTkont...

_ jer Camosvlac ver movaswari,deda. ramdeni weliwadia, pirveladveRirse dasvenebas. isev Cavalago Cemibargi da davbrunde?! jer erTi, arcSemiZlia wamosvla: ise daviwvi mzeze,rom Zlivs vinZrevi.

_ mzeze daiwvi?! brinjaos malamoratom ar waisvi, CemodanSi Cagide, zedimasTan...

_ wavisvi, magram, mainc ar miSvela._ ui, ra saSinelebaa! ra dagewva?_ yvelaferi, deda, mTeli tani._ ui, ra saSinelebaa!_ gavuZleb, ara uSavs._ momismine, im fsiqiatrs araferi

uTxari?_ ise gakvriT, _ upasuxa Svilma._ rao, mere? simori sad iyo, roca

elaparakebodi?_ darbazSi iyo, roialze ukravda.

rac CamovediT, is ori Rame sulroialTan ijda.

_ rao mere, eqimma?_ iseTi araferi. TviTonve gamome-

laparaka. wuxel ̀ bingos~ vTamaSobdiT

da Cems gverdiT moxvda. Tqveni qmarixom ar aris, darbazSi roialze romukravso. ki-meTqi, vuTxari. avad xom aryofila, an xom araferi gadautaniao.mec avdeqi da...

_ ratom gkiTxa, viTom?_ aba, ra vici, deda. albaT, Zalian

gamxdari da gafiTrebuli moeCvena, _upasuxa Svilma, _ `bingos~ Semdeg,rame davlioTo, mimipatiJes eqimma damisma colma. mec gavyevi. saSinelicoli hyavs. bonuitis vitrinaSi erTisaSineli saRamuri kaba vnaxeT, gaxs-ovs? Sen rom ambobdi, amas wvrili dakoxta...

_ mwvane kaba?_ is kaba ecva. imxela barZayebi aqvs.

Camacivda _ simori im suzana glasisxom araferiao, Sliapebis saxelosnorom aqvs medison aveniuze.

_ rao, mere! eqimma ra giTxra?_ o, iseTi araferi. barSi visxediT,

saSineli Rrianceli idga._ ho, magram... ar uTxari, bebias sa-

varZels ra uqna?_ ara, deda. aseTi wvrilmanebi ar

miTqvams, _ upasuxa Svilma. _ kidevSevxvdebi albaT salaparakod. mTelidRe barSi zis.

_ rao, mainc rogor mgoniao, xomaraferi mouvliso... rame axirebulixuSturi?.. xom arafers gavnebso?

_ ara, ara, _ uTxra Svilma, _ ma-gas rogor getyvis, ufrodawvrilebiT faqtebi Tu ar eqna. jererTi, mTeli bavSvobis Tavgadasavaliunda icodes, da ra vici, xom giTxari,iseTi Rrianceli idga, rom erTmaneTisxma Zlivs gvesmoda.

_ Seni lurji palto ra dReSia?_ ra uWirs, mxrebTan cota bamba

gamovacale, sarCulis qveS._ saerTod rogor acviaT wels?_ saSinlad, sad movxvdio, ityvi.

sadac ar unda gaixedo, sul zizil-pip-iloebSi arian.

_ oTaxi rogori SegxvdaT?

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_ kargia, ara uSavs. omamde rom no-meri gvqonda, imas veRar Camo-vuswariT, _ upasuxa qalma, _ saSine-li xalxia wels. erTi Segaxeda, sadil-is dros ra xalxi gvizis mezobel magi-dasTan. sabargo manqanebiT Camo-sulebs gvanan.

_ yvelgan asea axla. is kaba rogormogergo?

_ Zalian grZeli gamodga. xom geub-nebodi, grZeli iqneba-meTqi!

_ miurel, tyuili ar miTxra, _marTla kargad xar?

_ ho, deda, ho! _ upasuxa Svilma,_ oTxmocdaaTjer xom ar undagiTxra?!

_ arc Sin wamosvla ginda?_ ara, deda._ mamaSeni ambobda wuxel, rac ar

unda damijdes, gadavixdi, oRond kiiqaurobas moSordes da sadme sxvaganwavides marto, kargad CaufiqrdesTavis mdgomareobaso. airCevdi ramegems da mSvenivrad imgzavrebdi. mec damamaSenic amas...

_ ar minda, madlobeli var, _Seaw-yvetina Svilma da fexi CamoiRo, _ am-deni laparaki, deda, ra dagvijdebaalbaT...

_ rom gamaxsendeba, ramden xansucdidi mag biWs, vidre omi ar damTavr-da... saerTod, ram dagagiJaT es axal-gazrda colebi, rom...

_ deda, davamTavroT ra... sacaa si-mori SemoaRebs kars.

_ sad aris?_ plaJze._ plaJze? martoka? plaJze rog-

orRa iqceva?_ ra mogivida, deda, ise laparakob,

TiTqos dasabmeli giJi iyos..._ araferic, miurel, aseTi ra

vTqvi!_ ra vici, iseTi xmiT melaparakebi!

wevs TavisTvis silaze da aris. sabanaoxalaTi arc ki gauxdia.

_ ar gauxdia? ratom, mere?

_ ar vici, albaT erideba, Zaliangamxdari rom aris.

_ genacvale, mzea swored magisTvismiswreba. unda rogorme aiZulo.

_ simoris ambavi ar ici?! _ uTxraSvilma da isev gadaido fexi fexze, _yvela sulels ratom unda vayurebinoCems tatuirebul tanzeo, dauJinia.

_ tatuireba saidan moigona?! TujarSi daiCxvlita tani?

_ ara, deda! ara, genacvale! _uTxra Svilma da wamodga, _ ici ra,iqneb xvalac dagireko.

_ miurel, yuri damigde._ gismen, deda, _ uTxra Svilma da

sxeulis simZime marjvena fexze gada-itana.

_ imave wuTSi damireke, Tu ramesaurevs an sityviT an saqmiT... xom mixv-di, rasac geubnebi? gesmis?

_ deda, me sulac ar meSinia simo-ris.

_ miurel, patiosani sityva momeci._ kargi, dagirekav. naxvamdis deda.

mama momikiTxe, _ Tqva da yurmilidado.

simor glasi _ Sin mosvlaSi, _waiRiRina sibil karpenterma, romel-ic sastumroSi cxovrobda, dedasTanerTad, _ simor glasi ar ginaxavs?

_ geyofa, fisunia, ras daiJine! de-das nu gaagiJeb. wynarad ijeqi.

sibili magrad gaberil veeberTelaburTze ijda da Tavs Zlivs imagrebda,piri okeanisken hqonda, misis karpen-teri zeTs usvamda mxrebsa da frTe-biviT Txel beWebze. yviTeli sabanaokostumi ecva, mTliani ki ara _ or-naWriani; Tumca erTi naWeri, gulzeasafarebeli, arc axla sWirdeboda daarc momavali cxra-aTi wlis ganmavlo-baSi dasWirdeboda.

_ Cveulebrivi abreSumis xelsaxo-ci yofila, magram vidre axlos ar mix-val, ver Seatyob, _ Tqva qalma,romelic misis karpenteris gverdiT

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ijda dasakec skamze, _ neta, rogorgamonaskva ase koxtad, marTlac romdidebulia.

_ etyoba, _ daeTanxma misis karpen-teri, _ sibil, moisvene, fisunia.

_ simor glasi _ Sin mosvlaSi, _kvlav waiRiRina sibilma.

misis karpenterma amoixvneSa._ aha, _ Tqva man da zeTis SuSas sa-

cobi dauco, _ axla gaiqeci da iTa-maSe, fisunia. dediko sastumroSi wava,cota martinis dalevs misis habelTanerTad. zeTisxils Sen mogitans.

rogorc ki Tavisuflad igrZnoTavi, sibili xelad gavarda, plaJs mi-aSura, iqidan ki meTevzeebis pavilion-isken Seuxvia. erTgan gaCerda mxolodda sveli silis dangreul sasaxlesCahkra fexi. male ukan Camoitova sas-tumros plaJi.

TiTqmis meoTxedi mili gaiara, isevplaJisken Cauxvia, rbili silis napirsmiadga, da uceb Sedga _ Tavze waadgaaxalgazrda kacs, romelic gulaRmagawoliliyo.

_ wyalSi ar CavideT, simor glas?_ hkiTxa gogonam.

Wabuki erTbaSad Secba da marjvenaxeli Tavisi xaoiani xalaTis sayelosk-en gaaqana. mere gadabrunda, mucelzegawva, ZexviviT dagrexili pirsaxoci,romelic saxeze efara, silaze davar-da. cerad axeda sibils.

_ Sen xar, sibil?_ ar unda ibanao?_ Sen gelodebodi, _ upasuxa Wa-

bukma, _ axali ra ici?_ rao? _ CaekiTxa sibili._ axali ra ici-meTqi? programaSi

ra cvlilebebia?_ xval mamaCemi unda wamovides ner-

oplaniT, _ upasuxa sibilma da fexiTsila wamoyara.

_ saxeSi nu Semayri, gogoni, _uTxra Wabukma da xeli koWze daadosibils, _ droc aris, Tu Camova mamaSe-ni. saaTobiT velodebi. saaTobiT.

_ is qali sad aris? _ hkiTxa sibil-ma.

_ is qali? _ Tavisi Txeli Tmidansila gadmoibertya Wabukma, _ magasCven ras mivxvdebiT, sibil. aTas adg-ilze SeiZleba iyos. an parikmaxerTaniqneba Tmis SesaRebad, an Tavis oTaxSizis da Rarib bavSvebs tikinebs uker-avs, _ Tavi wamoswia, mokumuli muSte-bi erTmaneTs daawyo da zed nikapiTdaeyrdno, _ sxva rame mkiTxe, sibil,_ ganagrZo man, _ es ra kargi ramegacvia! lurj sabanao kostumiviT ara-feri miyvars amqveynad.

sibilma gakvirvebiT Sexeda, mereTavis gamobzekil mucelze daixeda.

_ es xom yviTelia, _ uTxra man._ marTla? aba, axlos modi.sibilma win gadadga nabiji._ marTali yofilxar. ra suleli

var!_ ar unda ibanao? _ hkiTxa sibil-

ma._ jer movifiqro. ase advilad ki

ver gadavwyvet, fiqri unda, sibil.sibilma fexi wamohkra rezinis

leibs, romelsac Wabuki Tavis dasade-bad xmarobda zogjer.

_ gaberva unda, _ Tqva man._ marTali xar. gaberva unda, da

magradac, vfiqrob, imaze ufro ma-grad, _ muStebi gamoiRo da nikapi si-laze dado, _ ra lamazi gogo xar,sibil, didi siamovnebaa Seni yureba.miTxar Seni ambavi, _ gadaswvda dagogonas orive koWi xelSi moiqcia, _me Txis rqa var, _ ganagrZo man, _ SenraRa xar?

_ Seron lipSucma Tqva Senze, roia-lis skamze ijda da mec gverdiT momis-vao.

_ marTla ase Tqva Seron lipSuc-ma?

sibilma didis ambiT dauqnia Tavi.Wabukma gogonas xeli uSva, mklave-

bi mkerdqveS moiqcia da loya marjve-na xelis idayvs daayrdno.

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_ ras izam, _ Tqva man, _ Senc xomici, rogor xdeba xolme, sibil.CemTvis vijeqi da vukravdi. Sen arsadCandi. movida Seron lipSuci da gver-dze momijda. ra unda meqna? xom argadmovagdebdi?

_ ratomac ara!_ ah, rogor SeiZleba, magas rogor

vizamdi, _ miugo Wabukma, _ samagi-erod, ici ra vqeni?

_ ra qeni?_ viTom ver vicani, Tavi ise mo-

vaCvene, TiTqos Sen mejeqi gverdiT.sibili maSinve Cacucqda da silis

CiCqna daiwyo._ wamodi, vibanaoT, _ uTxra man._ wavideT, _ miugo axalgazrda

kacma, _ samagisod mgoni gamovdgebi._ kidev Tu dagijdeba, gadmoag-

de,_ uTxra sibilma._ vin?_ Seron lipSuci._ ah, Seron lipSuci! _ gaimeora

axalgazrda kacma, _ sul Seron lip-Suci gaxsovs?! erTmaneTSia areulisurvili da maxsovroba! _ erTbaSadwamoxta fexze, _ ici ra vqnaT, sibil,bananaTevzis daWera vcadoT.

_ ris?_ bananaTevzis, _ gaumeora da xa-

laTis qamari Seixsna. gaixada xalaTi.viwro, TeTri mxrebi hqonda, lurjitrusebi ecva. xalaTi samad mokeca,meore pirsaxoci gaSala, _ romelicadre Tvalebze efara, Zirs gaafina dadakecili xalaTi zemodan daado.leibs daswvda da marjvena iRliaSi am-oido, marcxena xeli sibils CasWida.okeanisken daiZrnen.

_ bananaTevzi albaT bevri ginaxavs,_ uTxra Wabukma.

sibilma Tavi gaaqnia._ ara? sad cxovrob amisTana adgi-

las?_ ar vici._ gecodineba. rogor SeiZleba. Se-

ron lipSuci samnaxevari wlisaa da

icis, sad cxovrobs.sibili Sedga da xeli gamoglija.

iqve lokokinas niJaras daswvda, _amisTana niJarebi bevri eyara silaSi,_ moCvenebiTi interesiT dauwyo Tva-liereba da gadaagdo.

_ Sriala tye, konetikati, _ wam-oiZaxa man da, mucelgamobzekilma, gzaganagrZo.

_ Sriala tye, konetikati, _ gaim-eora Wabukma, _ es, SemTxveviT, kone-tikatis Sriala tyis maxloblad xomar aris?

sibilma axeda. _ me mand vcxovrob_ Sriala tye, konetikati, _ sxapasx-upiT wamoiZaxa da gaiqca, marcxena xe-liT Tavisive marcxena fexs daswvda daramdenime nabiji askinkiliT gairbina.

_ Sen verc ki warmoidgen, ra kargadgamagebine yvelaferi, _ uTxra Wabuk-ma.

sibilma fexi dauSva. _ `pawawinaSavi sambo~ Tu wagikiTxavs, _ hkiTxaman.

_ ra ucnauria _ swored wuxel da-vamTavre, _ miugo kacma, daixara daisev CasWida sibils xeli, _ mogwons?

_ vefxvebi xes urbendnen irgvliv?_ arc gaCerdebian-meTqi, momeCve-

na. Cems dReSi ar minaxavs amdeni vefx-vi.

_ araferic, eqvsi vefxvi iyo, _uTxra sibilma.

_ meti ara? cotaa, mere?_ cvili giyvars?_ ra miyvars? _ CaekiTxa Wabuki._ cvili._ Zalian. Sen?sibilma Tavi dauqnia._ zeTisxili Tu giyvars?_ zeTisxili? ra Tqma unda. zeTisx-

ili da cvili. fexsac ar vicvli xolmeucvilod da uzeTisxilod

_ Seron lipSuci giyvars? _ hkiTxasibilma.

_ ki, miyvars, _ upasuxa Wabukma, _imitom miyvars, rom ZaRlebs ar

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awvalebs sastumros vestibiulSi. ka-nadel qals rom pawawina buldogihyavs, erTxelac ar uxlia imisTvis xe-li. Sen ra ggonia _ zogi gogo midisda joxs urtyams xolme. Seroni _ ara.aravis ar abrazebs. yvelas efereba.mec imitom miyvars...

sibils xma ar amouRia._ me kidev sanTlis ReWva miyvars,

_ Tqva man bolos._ sanTlis ReWva vis ar uyvars, _

miugo Wabukma da fexi wyalSi Cayo, _u-u! civia. _ leibi wyalze daagdo, _jer ara, sibil, cotaze fexiT SevideTwyalSi.

cota fexiT gaiares, vidre sibilswelamde miswvdeboda wyali, mere kiWabukma aiyvana da pirdaRma daawvinaleibze.

_ sabanao quds ar ixurav xolme?Tavze arafers ar ikrav? _ hkiTxa Wa-bukma.

_ xeli ar gamiSva, _ ubrZana sibil-ma, _ ase geWiros.

_ damSviddiT, mis karpenter, viciCemi saqme, _ uTxra Wabukma, _ Sen wy-alSi iyure, iqneb bananaTevzi SeniSno.dRes swored bananaTevzis amindia.

_ sulac ar Canan, _ Tqva sibilma._ vici. ucnauri Tevzia, Zalian uc-

nauri, _ kvlav xeliT miacurebdaleibs, wyali jer mkerdzec ara wvde-boda, _ Zalian ubeduri cxovrebaaqvT. ici, ras akeTeben, sibil?

gogonam Tavi gaaqnia._ adgebian da bananebiT gamotenil

daranebSi SeZvrebian. roca Sig mic-uraven, namdvil Tevzebsa hgvanan. ma-gram Sevlen Tu ara daranebSi, maSinveRorebs emsgavsebian. erTi Tevzi vici,SeZvra bananis daranSi da samoc-daTvrameti banani Sesansla, _ Wabuk-ma leibs xeli hkra da, Tavis mgzavri-anad, kidev ufro Sors Seacura zRva-Si, _ ise iberebian, rom gareT veRargamodian. karSi veRar etevian.

_ ase Sors nuRar mivdivarT, _

uTxra gogonam, _ mere ra mosdiT?_ vis ra modis?_ bananaTevzebs._ ah, bananiT gaberilebi rom ver

gamoetevian, mere ra mosdiT?_ ho._ eh, Tqmac ki mimZims, sibil, kvde-

bian._ ratom?_ bananis xurveba hklavT. saSineli

avadmyofobaa._ talRa modis, _ Sehkivla

SeSinebulma sibilma._ magis dardi nu geqneba! _ uTxra

Wabukma, _ talRa vin migdia! Cvenis-Tanebs ras daaklebs, _ koWebSi Caav-lo sibils xeli, dabla daswia da wingaaqana. leibma zemodan gadauara tal-Ras, wyali oqrosfer Tmaze SeeSxefasibils, magram misi kivili axla ukvesiamovnebis gamomxatveli iyo. rocaisev gasworda leibi wyalze, gogonamTvalebze miwebebuli sveli kululigadaiwia da ganacxada:

_ davinaxe._ ra dainaxe?_ bananaTevzi._ oh, kargi erTi! _ Tqva Wabukma,

_ pirSi banani ver daunaxe?_ rogor ara, _ miugo sibilma, _

eqvsi erTad.gogonas wyalSi hqonda fexebi Cak-

iduli, Wabukma uceb aiRo sveli fexida muxlTan akoca.

_ hei! _ Sehyvira fexis patronmada gadabrunda.

_ Sen TviTon hei! unda gavbrundeT.gveyofa.

_ ara!_ mapatie, _ uTxra Wabukma da lei-

bi napirisaken gaaTria. napirTan gog-ona gadmoxta. Wabukma leibi iRliaSiamoido.

_ naxvamdis! _ SesZaxa sibilma dasastumrosken gaiqca, sinanuli arcugrZvnia.

Wabukma xalaTi Caicva, sayelo

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mWidrod Seikra da pirsaxoci jibeSiCaitena. mere sveli, sriala leibiiRliaSi amoiCara da cxel qviSas dauy-va, mZime nabijiT wavida sastumrosken.

sardafis sarTulze, _ zRvidanaxalmosulebi aqedan adiodnen xolmenomrebSi, _ WabukTan erTad liftSierTi qali Sevida, romelsac cxvirzeTuTiis malamo waeTxapna.

_ fexebze ras damaSterdiT? _ mi-marTa qals Wabukma, roca liftidaiZra.

_ bodiSi, ver gavige?_ fexebze ras damaSterdiT-meTqi?_ ukacravad, magram iataks

vuyurebdi, _ upasuxa qalma dakarisken Sebrunda.

_ Tu ase guliT gindaT Cemi fexisdanaxva, TqviT kidec, _ uTxra Wabuk-ma, _ raRa Cum-Cumad miTvalTva-lebT?!

_ gamiCereT, aq Camoval! _ swrafadmiubrunda qali melifte gogos.

liftis kari gaiRo da qali ukan-

mouxedavad gamovarda._ ori Cveulebrivi fexi maqvs; ver

gamigia, ra aris sayurebeli, vis raoxrad unda, _ Tqva Wabukma, _ mexuTe!_ xalaTis jibidan Tavisi oTaxisgasaRebi amoiRo.

mexuTe sarTulze gamovida, dere-fans dauyva da 507-e nomerSi Sevida.oTaxSi axali tyavis Cemodnisa dafrCxilebze laqis mosaSorebeli siTx-is suni idga.

did sawolze qals eZina, Wabukmagadaxeda, mere Tavis CemodanTan mivi-da, gaxsna, perangebi da sacvlebi amo-qeqa da 7-65 kalibriani revolveri am-oiRo. mWide gamoaZro, Seamowma daukanve Cado. TiTi gamosdo, Tavis sa-wolTan mivida, Camojda, meore sa-wolze mZinare qals gadaxeda, revol-veris tuCi marjvena safeTqelTan mi-ido da Caxmaxs gamohkra TiTi.

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gaugebs ki vinme im adamians, romel-sac erTi wuTiTac ar SeuZlia samoTx-is daviwyeba?

me vcxovrob ise, TiTqos axlaxanmovkvdi...

viyviro, magram risTvis viyviro?vis esmis Cemi. ai, Cemi cxovrebis mTa-vari kiTxva.

me erTi fexi samoTxeSi maqvs, iseverogorc sxvebs _ kuboSi.

Coraniseuli `sityva-azri~ atyvevebs daizidavs mkiTvels. is yovelTvis iq aris, sadacswored axla SeCerda mkiTxvelis mzera. CoranisarCevani _ sityviT gamoxatuli fragmentuloba _imdenad didia, ramdenadac Tavad aris isganwiruli. `fragmenti, _ ai, prozis xedvismravalferovneba, romlis centric arsad Cans,xolo misiT garemoculia yvela da yvelaferi~.

Coranis `gulamomjdari~ da `konvulsiuri~

nebismieri azri CemSi hgavs xvewnasda wyevlas, romelic mudaraSi dauaryofaSi gadaizrdeba.

yvela im leqsma, romelic SemeZlodamewere da prozis siyvarulis gamoCavaxSe CemSi, uceb cxovrebaze ufle-ba ganacxada.

me vfiqrob yeliT. Cemi azrebi _ Tuisini saerTod gamaCnia _ ymuilia. isi-ni verafers xsnian, isini mxolod Rri-aleben.

emil miSel Corani

Canawerebis wigni _ 1957-1972(fragmentebi)

werilebi metis gagebisken swrafvis da mojadoebis unikaluri SeTanawyobaa. misi azrebimoZravia, rogorc gveli da Tavisi mozaikurobis miuxedavad, mainc cocxlobs da agrZelebsgzas. misi sityvebi ar TamaSoben da ar arian literaturuli eniT SeniRbulni. da Tu issaerTod aRiarebs sakuTar TavSi raRac Sinagan Zalauflebas, am SemTxvevaSic Zalauflebagansxvavebuli masStabiT da TvisebebiT ganisazRvreba. nihilisturi epoqis moralisti,eWvianobis fanati (rogorc mas xSirad uwodeben) Sepyrobilia maniiT, romliTac sursrealobaSi sakuTar Tavs miaRwios da mas bolomde Cawvdes. mis azrebs TviTgvemis TuTviTmkvlelis asketuri logika marTavs. mis tanjvas, iseve rogorc azrebs (SeiZleba iTqvas,mis tanjul azrebs), bolo ar uCans. magram rogorc maZiebeli, arc eZebs Serigebis gzas.`SeuZlebelTan, _ wers is, _ verafers gaxdebi~.

1960-iani wlebisTvis Corani ukve xuTi uCveulo wignis avtoria. Tumca, mas sazogadoebajer ar icnobs. rogorc TviTon mwerali aRniSnavs, is 1968 wlidan aris popularuli.

1987 wels gamodis wigni, romelmac Corans warmoudgeneli popularoba da aRiarebamoutana. mwerali am aRiarebas `damamcirebel warmatebas~ uwodebs. `Tu oci wlisganavlobaSi Cemi wignebis sul raRac 500 egzemplari gaiyida, axla erT-erTi maTganis,`aRiareba da SeCveneba~-s ocdaaTi aTasi egzemplari ramdenime TveSi daxlidan gaqra. amdroidan moyolebuli Corani mwerlobidan ganze gadga da cxovreba martoobaSi gaagrZela.miuxedavad amisa, misi msoflio aRiareba wlidan wlamde izrdeba. kalmis yvela axalimoZraobiT is warmoudgenels qmnida _ sityvebiT amtkicebda da qmnida fragmentebs, maTiSeuZleblobis miuxedavad.

`fragmentuloba sisxlSi maqvs~, _ Tqva man erTxel da es marTlac asea.wels mas asi weli Seusruldeboda.

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axla mesmis, ras niSnavs CemTvisRame: Ramis ganmavlobaSi Cemi azrebiTme yvela im ganzomilebas gavdivar,romelic qaosisgan gamijnulia.

dilidan saRamomde rasac vakeTeb,SurisZiebaa. visze an ratom ar vici,ubralod, yvelaze da yvelaferze. esaris sakuTari uvargisobis gancda.

vin gamaRviZebs me, vin!

yvelaferi is, raSic Cven uniWoebivarT, erT raRacaSi erTiandeba: usiy-varuloba da sakuTari sevdisgan gaT-avisuflebis uunaroba.

me arsaidan var.me xorcSesxmuli gandevnili var.me yvelgan ucxo var.me ar vekuTvni arafers.yovel wuTs msxverpli var erTis:

dakarguli samoTxis.

melanqolia _ es aris wuxili sxvasamyaroze. magram me arasdros vicodi,ras warmoadgenda is.

Cemi goneba gavamdidre mwuxarebisRrma CasunTqviT.

yvelaze saukeTeso da yvelazesaSineli, rac CemSia, uZilobam momca.

axlo manZilidan nebismieri wvril-mani Zalze idumalad gamoiyureba,Soridan ki _ araraobad.

distancia auqmebs metafizikas.filosofosoba ki imas niSnavs, romsamyarosTan axlos xar.

filosofiis industria _ es arisSiSis zari. Tavzari saSinelia arasikvdilis, aramed dabadebis win.

mTeli Cemi niWiereba sevdam CaaxSo.me mwerali var, romelic ar wers.

iseTi SegrZneba maqvs, TiTqos CemsRameebs, Cems `movaleobas~ vRalatob.

vyidi mas da sicarieliT vivseb cx-ovrebas.

daTrgunuli var. es aris gageba im-isa, rom mowodebis simaRleze ar var.

bolos da bolos mTeli Cemi e.w.`nawarmoebebi~ _ mxolod da mxolodantiutopiis cdebia.

im adamianis tipaJi, romelic CemSiaRfrTovanebas iwvevs _ gadamwvaria.

dilaobiT xSirad danaSaulisgrZnobiT viRviZeb. TiTqos kiserzeaTasi danaSauli mawevs.

warmoidgino warmoudgeneli ram,gqondes unari cxovrebaSi misi gamoy-enebis, bolos da bolos iyo ja-doqari...

da mxolod mwerali gaxde? rogoriuRmerTobaa!

arasdros minaxavs ori adamiani,romelic ise gansxvavdebodnen erT-maneTisgan, rogorc dedaCemi da mama-Cemi. me ver SevZeli gamewonasworebi-na CemSi maTi jiuti xasiaTi. sworedamitom, Cems TiToeul azrs tanjavsgaoreba da memkvidreobiTi winaaRmde-gobrioba.

Tu ukiduresobaSi vvardebi, amismizezi gancdebis simZime da sevdaa. damaSin minda, raRacnairad gavusxltesakuTar marazms.

usasrulo SiSi cxovrebis winaSe,anu unebisyofobis ukanaskneli kru-nCxva.

gulgriloba _ SeSlilis ideali.

rac ufro mets vkiTxulob, _ da meZalian bevrs vkiTxulob, _ miT ufroxSirad veubnebi sakuTar Tavs: ̀ es is araris~, xolo ̀ swored is aris~, wignidanisev da isev qreba. ̀ swored is aris~ xomsakuTar TavSi unda eZebo da ara sxva-

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gan. axla ki CemSi mxolod imis daurw-muneblobas vpoulob, rom darwmuneb-uli ar var.

Cemi gemovnebiT Tu nakliT Seqmni-li viyavi im imperiaSi cxovrebisTvis,romelic wuTi wuTze daingreoda. al-baT, rogor mesiamovneboda, Tu pirve-li msoflio omis dasawyisSi venaSiaRmovCndebodi.

xandaxan mgonia, rom Cemi Sinaganimateria sicocxliT tkbobisTvisaa Se-qmnili da, amasTanave, am cxovrebaSigandevnilad, daviwyebulad da ucxodvgrZnob Tavs. me vgavar msunag adami-ans, romelsac mada ekargeba SimSilisdaucxromeli SegrZnebis gaxsenebisas.

axali weli. Tovli. Cems cnobiere-baSi bavSvoba brundeba.

guSin aseTi saubari movismine:`raRac Zalian civa~.`eg araferi. mTavaria, Tovli ar

iyos~.da me mivxvdi, rom sxva samyarodan

var.

ginda bednieri iyo?nu daZvrebi mogonebebSi.

raoden paradoqsuladac undaJRerdes, Cems gonebas ar SeuZlia erTadgilze yofna. is qaoturad brunavserTidaimave Temis garSemo.

wavikiTxe aleqsandr blokis bi-ografia. bolos masze ase ambobdnen:`Tavidan dadumda sicili; Semdeg Ri-mili gaqra~.

`Cemi azriT, rjulis Secvla ise-Tive saxifaToa adamianisTvis, ro-gorc mwerlisTvis _ enis Secvla~ (si-mona vaili).

metafizika da SpionaJi _ ai, mar-Tlac rom saintereso ram; sxva danar-Ceni...

`Cemi dro~me vcxovrob dRidan dRemde. amas-

Tan erTad, mis sazRvrebs gareTac.maqvs ori droeba: Cveulebrivi da ama-Rlebuli. maT uWirT erTmaneTTanTanacxovreba. es Cemi ubedurebaa,amasTanave, Cemi nugeSic.

me SemeZlo damewera `uaryofiliistoria~.

me mxolod mimdevari var sakuTarimdgomareobis, sakuTari ganwyobisa daamaod veZeb sakuTar `me~-s. ufro swo-rad, vpoulob mas da vpoulob maSin,roca yvelafers, rac `me~-s ekuTvnis,vSli da vanadgureb. unda gaanadgurosakuTari Tavi, raTa ipovo is. msxver-plTSewirva _ esaa yvelafris arsi.

es fraza musulman mistikosebsekuTvnis: `Tu WeSmaritebam Tavidanbolomde ar SegZra, is ar aris WeSmar-iteba~.

iyo araaqtualuri, es imas niSnavs,rom iyo qva.

mudmivi grZnoba daukmayofile-blobisa: ̀ arc is, arc is~ _ yovel wuTsamas vumtkiceb sakuTar Tavs.

namdvili poezia poeziis sazRvrebsiqiT iwyeba. asea filosofiac da saer-Tod, am qveynad yvelaferi.

viRacam lamazad daarqva sevdas`tanjvis bindbundi~.

1961 wlis 17 ivlisimTeli dila vekiTxebodi sakuTar

Tavs, _ gvyavda Tu ara gvarSi suliTavadmyofi. Tundac Zalze SoreulwinaprebSi...

minda davwero ̀ metafizikasTan gan-Soreba~.

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Cemi Zala imaSia, rom vercerT kiTx-vas ver movuZebne pasuxi.

Cems Semdeg arafers davtoveb. CemitipaJis adamianebi msjavrdebuli ari-an, rom arasdros ipovon sakuTariTavi.

Cemi azrebi grZnobebamde ver aRw-even.

paskali da bodleri _ ai, ori WeS-maritad vnebiani frangi adamiani. dan-arCenebi angarebiani an axirebulebiarian.

franguli literatura umTavresia.magram yvelaze kargad, me rusul lit-eraturas vicnob.

awmyos warsulad gardasaxvas SeuC-ereblad vxedav. mas yovel wuTsvgrZnob.

qari. is xom ase lamazad aerTi-nebsmusikas da poezias. ucnauria, rom adg-ilebze, sadac is dahqris, gamoxatvissxva saSualebas eZeben.

1962 wlis 4 seqtemberi.ramdenime saaTia jojoxeTis gan-

martebas veZeb da msgavsi veraferi vi-pove. ra Tqma unda, vsaubrob, ara jo-joxeTze qristianuli gagebiT, aramedsakuTar gamocdilebaze, sadac arceSmakia da arc RmerTi.

`Cemi aRmsarebeli zRvaa~ _ o,rogor miyvars elizabeT avstrielises sityvebi.

SiSisgan gavxde viRac _ bolos dabolos gavxdi araraoba.

siamovnebiT damaviwyda azri manam,sanam is Camoyalibebas daiwyebda.

me davikarge sityvebSi, iseve

rogorc, sxvebs gza aebnaT saqmeebSi.me, me, me... _ autanelia!

1963 wlis 26 Tebervaliar unda aurio erTmaneTSi sakuTari

Tavi da sakuTari SegrZnebebi. magramrogor unda gaakeTo es?

tanjvasac aqvs sazRvari. nuTu mi-vaRwie amas? _ SiSismomgvreli azria.

advilia wera misTvis, vinc sxvazewers da ara sakuTar Tavze.

mZuls mTeli msoflio da qebasviReb pirvelive Semxvedrisgan!

romantizmis epoqaSi Cemi yvela na-kli Cems sasargeblod Semotrialde-boda.

aRar SemiZlia meti, aRar!

tkivilma ar icis sazRvari.

roca suli gtkiva, gonebac ver rCe-ba xelSeuxebeli.

unayofobis wyaro: mxolod Senzemouyaro Tavi azrebs.

ar minda araferi, araferi, ara-feri... RmerTo!

simamace werilebs ar wers.

roca itanjebi, SiSi tanjvis wintanjvas aormagebs (an axal tanjvasumatebs).

ramdeni welia vcxovrob da vermivwvdi sakuTar Tavs.

ifiqro SegrZnebebiT _ es niSnavsrom mainc fiqrob. Tu ukve sxva raRa-cebi ar SegiZlia!

vis SeeZlo erTi dartymiT gaerRviaCemi yvirili.

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Cemi drama _ guSindeli pativmoy-varis dramaa. meCveneba, rom drodandromde gasuli wlebis gegmebs daqimerebs gagrZeleba aqvT.

jer kidev ar var gamojanmrTelebu-li warsulisgan.

moazrovneSi mwerali mainteresebs,xolo mweralSi _ temperamenti.

axla mxolod imis wakiTxva Semi-Zlia, ramac `gadamatriala~.

sevdaze igive sityvebiT SeiZlebaisaubro, razec zRvaze...

Sens sulSi simRera cxovrobda. vinmokla is?

ra gtanjavs ase?_ sicocxle. es Tu sxva, ar aqvs

mniSvneloba _ ubralod sicocxle.

ra minda, ra ar minda? vinme metyvisodesme imas, rac minda?

cxovreba _ es xom warmoudgenelia.me vgrZnob amas yoveli fexis nabijze,ager ukve 40 welia.

nevrotiki _ adamiani, romelsacdaviwyeba ar SeuZlia.

yuri rom megdo Cemi yvelaze RrmainstiqtisTvis, maSin dilidan saRamom-de da RamiTac, Seusvenebliv viyvireb-di _ `miSveleT!~

wlebTan erTad adamianSi yve-laferi icvleba xmis garda. xma _ er-TaderTi damadasturebelia pira-dobisa. upriani iqneboda xmis anabeW-dis aReba.

metafizikuri arsiT, me ebraelivar.

dilidan saRamomde Zalas vatan sak-

uTar Tavs, rom muSaobis survili wa-varTva.

Cemi babuebis da maTi winaprebisuniaTobas naglejebis saxiT sisxlSivitev.

me Seqmnili var imisgan, racdavkarge.

profesionali mwerali _ burJua-ziuli epoqis gamomgonebeli.

ar iyo aravis Tanamedrove.

Cemi _ ase vTqvaT _ yoveli dRisZiriTadi grZnoba: _ sakuTari TavisSecodeba, zizRi, sicariele da Wmun-va.

ra sasaciloa _ mokvde.

miyvars, roca stiliT jojoxeTsvwvdebi.

1966 wlis 25 ivnisi.wavitiro da daviZino, _ sxva si-

tyvebiT _ bavSvobaSi davbrunde, _ ai,yvelaferi, rac axla minda.

roca me vyviri `RmerTo!~ _ is yvi-rilis dasrulebamde arsebobs. sakma-risic aris. nuTu SemeZlo metis imedimqonoda?

`musikas SeeZlo CvenTvis Tavidanbolomde Seecvala ararsebuli samya-ro~ _ (Sopenhaueri).

ar SeiZleba giyvardes joisis `ul-ise~, magram misi wakiTxvis Semdeg, arSeiZleba sxva romanebis kiTxvac ki.

CauRrmavde Tavs da usmino am si-Cumes, bebers, rogorc samyaroa. ara,ufro uZveles, _ siCumes Cven droe-bamde.

1967 wlis 9 dekemberi.ra Tqma unda, sxeuli ar aris mate-

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ria. da Tu aris, maSin tragikuli mate-riaa.

1968 wlis 1 ianvari.erTi religia maqvs: baxi.

malarmes undoda, rom leqsikone-bidan amoeRoT sityva `rogor~. es po-etis Seucdomeli instiqtia.

Seqmna is, rac erT adamiansac ar ain-teresebs. me es TiTqmis gamomivida.

xelmocaruli eWvSi da xelmocaru-li eqstazSi. mgoni, movaxerxe gavmx-dariyavi orive kraxis msxverpli.

Tovli _ sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT _bavSvoba _ sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT _bedniereba.

usmino wvimas _ TavisTavad saqmi-anobaa. ar mesmis, ratom unda ifiqrokidev sxvaze.

ar gamaCnia araviTari sulieri mo-wodeba. me Seqmnili var tanjvisTvis _da morCa.

Targmani cudia, Tu is gasagebia. e.i.mTargmnelma ver SeinarCuna avtoristeqstis mravalmxrivoba. e.i. mTargm-nelma gaaswora gza, anu Caidina dana-Sauli.

1969 wlis 3 Tebervali.`grZnobebis~ dro wavida.

mTeli cxovreba mindoda vyofil-iyavi sxva: espaneli, rusi, germaneli,kanibali _ oRond ara is, rac var.gamudmebiT vebrZvi sakuTar beds. essuleluri grZnobaa _ ar iyo Sen daiyo yvela sxva.

Cems wignebs miveci yvelaze cudi,rac SeiZleboda mimeca. sabedniero-dac. winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, CemSijojoxeTi gamefdeboda.

Cemi wignebi savsea braziT, yvelaf-ris ganadgurebis surviliT. savseaborotebiT, magram es yvelaferi auci-lebelia keTilgonierebis Sesanar-Cuneblad.

(ufro metad mxedvelobaSi Cemi Zve-li, ruminuli wignebi maqvs).

me miyvars sofeli _ vcxovrobqalaqSi; ar miyvars stili _ Tvalyursvadevneb TiToeul sityvas; gamous-worebeli skeptikosi var, _ vkiTxu-lob ZiriTadad mistikas... da ase gr-Zeldeba usasrulod.

azri _ agresiis yvelaze SeumCneve-li mravalferovneba.

doqtrinebi midis _ anekdotebirCeba.

gtanjavdes uZiloba _ unebliedxdebi TviTmkvlelobis Teoritikosi.

dardis gareSe me ar viqnebodi me.sakuTari Tavis gacnoba mxolod misidaxmarebiT SevZeli. is rom ara, mTelcxovrebas srul wyvdiadSi gavatareb-di da verc verasdros gavigebdi, si-namdvileSi vin var.

dardi _ Sexvedra sakuTar TavTansakuTari ararsebobis SegrZnebisdros.

dawero TviTmkvlelobaze, niSnavs,rom gaurbixar mas.

me vicnob sakuTar Tavs da amitomacver vitan mas.

iyo warmoudgenlad Tavisufali _ai, ra minda. Tavisufali yvelasgan.Tavisufali, rogorc mkvdraddabade-buli.

ar maqvs cxovrebis mimarT siZul-vili, ar maqvs sikvdilis survili. yve-laferi, rac minda, es aris: netav ardavbadebuliyavi.

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ardabadebas vamjobineb sicocxle-sac da sikvdilsac. rac mets vcocx-lob, ase mgonia, miT ufro metad.

rogor SeiZleba tkivili gadaiqcesazrad?

ver vitan axsnas. TviTon am sity-vasac ki.

moazrovneSi mainteresebs ara idea,aramed gamocdileba: ara is, rasacfiqrobs, aramed, is, rac ganicada.

sworad Tqva viRacam: `Cven is varT,rac ver SevZeliT~. anu TiToeulCvenTaganSi ar aris araviTari sxva Se-madgenloba, garda imisa, rasac CvenSeuCereblad vfiqrobT da ver va-keTebT. sxva sityvebiT: `me~ _ mwux-arebaa imis gamo, rom ver SevZeli.

poezias varqmev imas, rac gulSi da-nis Cacemas hgavs. (wavikiTxe xuan ramonximenesis leqsi `O no soy yo~).

skeptikosi _ mtanjveli sakuTarigamWriaxobisa.

1972 wlis 9 noemberi`me~ _ ai, sad aris dabrkoleba. misi

CamoSoreba ar SemiZlia da mijaWvulivar mas. es gamousworebadia.

Cveva, rom yvelaferi ise dainaxo,rogorc aris, adre Tu gvian maniadgadaiqceva. maSin adamiani dastirissakuTar TavSi SeSlils, romelic iyoda romelic ukve aRar iqneba.

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bibliografia

erTxel Cemma Svilma aRSfoTe-bulma miTxra: cnobili Jurnalistimovida Cvens skolaSi (erT kerZoskolaze iyo saubari, sadac CemiSvilic aswavlida) da ganacxada: arminda Cemma Svilma iakob gogebaSvi-lis deda eniT iswavlos, raSi undagamoadges urmis codnao.

urmis codna bolos da bolosurmis epoqaSi Seqmnili nawarmoebeb-is gagebaSi mainc dagexmareba, aramgonia, es im Jurnalists ar scodno-da, ubralod, amgvari tipis adamianebsyvelaferi qarTuli aRizianebT da,rac Cven warsulTanaa dakavSirebuli,ukidures CamorCenilobad miaCniaT.

wigni, romelzec minda gesaubroT,upirvelesad, maTTvisaa gankuTvnili_ skeptikosebisaTvis, Cveni kultur-is motrfiale xom isedac samagidowignad gaixdis mas. Cveni warsulismoZuleT ki vurCev, naxon `ra ganZigvqonia, ra mxne, ra mdidari~.

diax, me mogaxsenebT `qarTuli ma-terialuri kulturis eTnografiulleqsikonze, romelic meored 2013wels gamoica maRal poligrafiuldoneze. am meore gamocemis karibWe-Si amgvari ram weria: `qarTuli mate-rialuri kulturis enTografiulileqsikonis pirveli gamocemis tira-Ji iyo 200 egzemplari. bunebrivia,aseTi tipis naSromisaTvis, romelicqarTuli skolis yvela bavSvisaTvisunda iyos xelmisawvdomi, es Zaliancotaa. Cemi Rrma rwmeniT, aseTidamokidebuleba iyo umTavresi, ra-

`ra ganZi gvqonia...~

mac gadaawyvetina (Cemi TxovnisgareSe) vaJa usaneTaSvils leqsiko-nis ganmeorebiT gamocemis dafin-anseba. igi Cemi megobaria, magram gad-amwyveti aq megobroba ki araa, aramedmisi myari rwmena qarTuli eTnokul-turis sidiadisa da mniSvnelobisa...madloba mas amisaTvis~. wers amasproeqtis avtori da samecniero xe-lmZRvaneli, profesori eldar na-diraZe. Tu miaqcieT yuradRebafrCxilebSi Casmul sityvebs `CemiTxovnis gareSe~-o, es marTlac uni-kaluri movlenaa da es vaJa usane-TaSvilis Rirsebaze kidev erTxelmetyvelebs.

simboluria, rom wigni giorgiCitaias xsovnas eZRvneba, mecniers,romelmac meoce saukuneSi safuZve-li Cauyara qarTul eTnografiulskolas da am skolis aRzrdilebmaTavi moabes am unikalur naSroms.

naSroms erTvis daviT lorTqi-faniZisa da roin metrevelis werile-bi. maTSi aRniSnulia leqsikonisudidesi mniSvneloba Cveni kultur-isaTvis... leqsikoni ixsneba profe-sor eldar nadiraZis Sesavali wer-iliT, saidanac vigebT, rom am didiproeqtis ganxorcieleba SesaZlebe-li gamxdara `saqarTvelos samecnie-ro~ da Semdgom ̀ rusTavelis fondis~SemweobiT.

droa SevixedoT kars miRma da Sev-abijoT im saocar samyaroSi, romel-sac qarTuli eTnografiuli materi-aluri kultura, Cveni meobis, Cveni

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fizionomiis, Cveni sulieri arsiserT-erTi udidesi ganmsazRvrelihqvia.

pirveli nivTi ̀ aba~ asea ganmarte-buli: 1. farTo da grZeli wamosasx-ami, aqlemis matylisagan naqsovi. 2.saSinao xalaTis tipi.

iqve miTiTebulia ganmartebis wya-ro i.griSaSvilis ̀ qalaquri leqsiko-ni~. sarecenzio wignis erT didRirsebas isic warmoadgens, rom TiT-qmis yvela ganmartebas Tan axlavsganmartebis erTi an ramdenime wya-ro, rac SesaZleblobas iZleva dain-teresebuli mkiTxveli sakiTxis irg-vliv safuZvlianad gaecnos samecni-ero literaturas.

axla CavxedoT da vnaxoT bolonivTi `horoli~ rogoraa ganmarte-buli: Subismagvari saZgerebeli iar-aRi. am sityvebs Semdeg sakmaod sa-fuZvliani ganmarteba axlavs. CemiyuradReba iman miiqcia, rom xala-Tidan sabrZolo iaraRamde, simyud-rovidan, siTbodan sikvdilamde mTe-li Cveni kultura Cateula. marTlacsinamdvilec xom aseTi gvqonda, racleqsikonma da misma Semdgenlebmaase uneburad moaqcies am or urTi-erTgamomricxav nivTSi.

saflavis jvrebis, qvebis Semxed-vares ar mogcildeba fiqri imaze,rom qarTveli kaci silamazeze zrun-vas arc sikvdilis dros iviwyebda,sikvdilsac rTavda.

leqsikonis Seqmnaze gaweuli Sro-ma marTlac qvis kodvas hgavs. didida damqancavi Sromis Semdeg CndebamSvenieri nayofi: ganviTarebuli ku-lturis niSani _ leqsikoni. Cvenimcire werilis saganze, qarTuli ma-terialuri kulturis leqsikonzemomuSaveTa umetes nawils piradadvicnob da vici, ra Tavdadebis xal-

xia. maTTvis es wigni maTive cxovre-bisa da Semoqmedebis gvirgvinadac kiSeiZleba ganvixiloT.

kulturis damcvelTa, Cveni yofismkvlevarTa Rvawli naklebad an, arcTu iSviaT SemTxvevaSi, saerTod arfasdeba imgvarad, rogorc am darg-Si moRvawe adamianTa Sroma da Tav-dadeba unda fasdebodes.

civilizacia kulturas rom aviw-rovebs, es cnobili faqtia. Tumca,Sromas aadvilebs teqnikuri progre-si, magram klavs rituals da ritua-lis gareSe ki eTnokulturis war-modgena SeuZlebelia, ritualisgareSe ki civilizacia kulturad vergardaiqmneba. traqtorma Seaviwrovada TiTqmis gaaZeva xari da guTani,romelTanac dakavSirebuli iyo pu-ris moyvanis rituali (nugzar Sata-iZes SesaniSnavad aqvs aRwerili `pu-ris moTxrobaSi~ es rituali), magramTviTon ver iqca kulturad da mee-Wveba, odesme Tu iqceva igi kultur-is nawilad. amdenad es sagnebic qre-ba eris yoveldRiuri cxovrebisganda eZleva daviwyebas. msgavsi encik-lopediuri leqsikonebi ki inaxavenxsovnas amgvari sagnebis Sesaxeb. up-atronod datovebuli xis unikaluriarqiteqturiT naSenebi megruli, gu-ruli da raWuli saxlebi sarestor-no anturaJad iqcnen. saerTod rom argavaqreT Cveni yofidan, kidev tovebsimedis naperwkals, rom SeiZlebamsgavs saxlebs pirveladi funqciadaubrundeT TavianT kuTxeebSi.

naSromi mraval fiqrTa aRmZvre-lia. is yvela ojaxSi unda iyos, ro-gorc sevda warsul droebis da ro-gorc siamaye Cveni winapris Semoqme-debiTi geniisa.

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daTo maRraZe

politikosTa frazebi roca

Seiyrebian caze Rrublebad,

me megafonSi

aRvavlen locvas:

_ Tavisufleba Tavisuflebas!

gaTavisufldiT, Tqveni Tavisu-

flebisgan! brZanebs mZlavri tribuna

da vxedav quCas

cofiT danisluls,

romelmac Cemgan piri ibruna.

da ganwiruli qarTuli kiTxva:

_ evrokavSiri axloa, mister?

_ Sorsac rom iyos,

momxede, mixav!

im Rames marTla aRmdgara qriste.

qarTvelis gulSi, vnaRvlob, rom siste-

maturi saxe miiRo SiSma...

_ momxede, marTla aRmdgara qriste,

_ vaJi, romelic beTlemSi iSva.

gvigvianeben Sesvlas natoSi,

mucosken gzebic SeukravT qistebs,

mainc momZebnis

sxivi gaToSils, _

im Rames marTla aRmdgara qriste.

poetis fiqri daeZebs biliks,

cidan miwamde,

miwidan camde...

rom winaparma ipovnos Svili,

rom Svils Tavisi winapris swamdes.

poetma igrZno

aRdgoma mkvdreTiT

da sakuTari moxaza niSa, _

striqoni, rogorc Sadrevnis wveTi

aaRorZinebs udabnos qviSas.

... pirjvars maSinac vagnebdi uwin,

geTsimaniis rom TrToda baRi,

sunTqavs poeti

da nemsis yunwis

triumfaluri ixsneba TaRi.

nemsis yunwis triumfaluri TaRi

winaTqma

argonavtebi roca movidnen, Cems qalaqs erqva aia City. axla TeTr saxlSiraze morigdnen, amas gavigebT medeas mziTviT... versaidan rom veRar momidgnen,momikles Cemi aivnis Citi, gaCumebisTvis fuli momigdes da moTminebis SeunTesfiTils. erTs geficebi, deda momikvdes, Secvales Cemi samSoblos miTi.

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