Safety of Leather Goods

8/9/2019 Safety of Leather Goods

1/58

SAFETY OF LEATHER

GOODS


2/58

SAFETY OF LEATHERGOODS

In case of the leather industry,measures are mainly targeted atpreventing hazards throughchemicals and keeping exposure todust as low as possible.

Chemicals used for several process

steps, with tanning being a veryimportant one.


3/58


Substances like pesticides, solvents, dyes,nishing agents and processing chemicalsare freuently toxic and persistent, both

to the environment and to human health. !he health problems and safety

regulations here are associated withchemicals are primarily related to skincontact or inhalation of hazardouschemicals.


4/58


"xposure to certain chemicals couldlead for example to disability, illnessand even death in the long term.

!he chemicals used in tanning andother operations may be hazardousindividually or when mixed.

# number of fatal accidents haveoccurred world wide due to theunintended generation of toxic

hydrogen sulphide gas .


5/58


!hese accidents where not only fatalfor employees$ the surroundingcommunity was heavily a%ected too.

It showed that occupational health &safety is more than the well being ofemployees.

"xposure, toxic e%ects, and thepercentage of chemicals used in theleather products should thereforeadhere to the standards set by the

authorities.


6/58

Country Wise Legislation Laws restricting thecontent of A!o "yes# in Leather $ro"ucts

#zo dyes are often used in thecoloring process of several textiles

and leather products. (elatively recently it has been

recognized that some #zo coloring

agents may form amines )breakdownproducts*, which have carcinogenicand mutagenic properties.


7/58

Euro%ean &nion Legislation Laws For Leather $ro"ucts

!he "uropean +nion restricts themarketing and use of certaindangerous substances and

preparations )#zo colorants* inleather products.

!he legislation is relevant for all

products made leather or in whichleather is used and which come intodirect and prolonged contact with the

skin and mouth.


8/58

Euro%ean &nion LegislationLaws For Leather $ro"ucts

!hese include producers of textilesand garments, leather goods, shoes,toys, furniture, decorative articles,

ewellery and accessories.


9/58

E& legislation' A!o "yes in leather articles

#zo dyes are often used in thecolouring process of textiles and

leather. -any azo dyes exist that can be used

to dye textile and leather.

art of these dyes has the capacityto release certain aryl amines whichpose cancer risks.


10/58

E& legislation' A!o "yes inleather articles

/or this reason, the "uropean +nionlaid down legislation to preventexposure to these hazardous

arylamines.

!his indirectly implies that those azodyes that can split into these

restricted amines can no longer beused to dye textile and leatherproducts that come into contact with

the skin.


11/58

Outline of the re(uire)ents of Directi*e +,,+-./-EC

!he "uropean Commission haspublished legislation restricting theuse of azo dyes which can release

one or more specied amines intextile and leather articles.

!his legislation is laid down in

0irective 12213453"C, amending0irective 6436473""C on themarketing and use of dangerous

substances and preparations.


12/58

Outline of the re(uire)ents ofDirecti*e +,,+-./-EC

!he aim of the 0irective is to protectthe consumers8 health in the "+.

!he 0irective is applicable to allleather products that may come intodirect and prolonged contact with thehuman skin or oral cavity.

!he examples of products listed are9


13/58


Clothing, bedding, towels, hairpieces,wigs, hats, nappies and other

sanitary items, sleeping bags, /ootwear, gloves, wristwatch straps,

handbags, purses3wallets, briefcases,

chair covers, purses worn around theneck,

:eather toys or leather garments.


14/58


!he 0irective establishes that theproducts covered by the legislationmay not contain the 11 amines listed

in !able 5 in a concentration abovethe threshold limit of ;2 ppm.

!his li)it0 1, %%)0 e(uals the

"etection li)it. #ll parts of a product should comply

with this limit, and that this limit

applies to each amine separately.


15/58


".g. a te2tile shoelace of leatherfootwear nee"s to co)%ly withthe li)it of 1, %%), as well as the

leather parts of footwear.

It is not allowed to take the averageconcentration of a certain amine in

the complete product.


16/58

The &3 legislation' A!o "yes in leather articles

!he restricted use of azo dyes intextile and leather articles asestablished in 0irective 12213453"C

and amended by 122


17/58

The &3 legislation' A!o "yes in leather articles

!he += legislation is a directtransposition of the "+ legislation.

!his means that the += legislationsets the same reuirements as the"+ 0irective.

!he table below provides a summaryof the legislation.


18/58

The &3 legislation' A!o "yes inleather articles

Su4stance 5CAS nu)4er67'

#zo dyes that may split into harmful amines)71@46@5, 71@A6@B, 7B@47@1, 75@B7@A, 76@B4@

;, 77@BB@A, 524@


19/58


Re(uire)ent'

:imit9 ;2 ppm

Status'

"xisting implementation of "+legislation

Source'

!he Controls on Certain #zo 0yes and>?lue Colourant> )#mendment*(egulations


20/58


# C#S number is a uniueidentifying number assigned tochemicals by the Chemical #bstracts

Service.


21/58

Legislation Laws restricting the content of Chro)iu)# inLeather $ro"ucts

Dexavalent chromium, abbreviated asCr)EI* is a substance hazardous to health.

Cr )EI* can for example cause allergenicreactions in people.

!he substance itself is not used in theleather tanning process, but can be

formed from the use of Chrome III. Dowever, if the tanning process is

optimized, the Cr )EI* level can be as lowas the detection limit.


22/58

Ger)any Legislation8 Chro)iu) in Leather $ro"ucts

!he Feneral product safetyreuirements in Fermany are laiddown in the :-?F ):ebensmittel und

?edarfsgegenstGnde Fesetz*.

Fovernments use such generalreuirements to protect consumers

for products for which there is notany specic legislation.


23/58

Ger)any Legislation8 Chro)iu)in Leather $ro"ucts

In Fermany, it is forbidden tomanufacture or distributecommodities in such a way, that >if

used properly or as anticipated, theymay constitute a danger to health onaccount of their material

composition, particular throughtoxicological substances orimpurities.>


24/58


Considering the hazardous nature ofDexavalent Chromium, the Fermanenforcement authorities strongly

advise all those marketing leatherproducts in Fermany to ensure thatthe Cr)EI* content of the leather

should not exceed ; ppm.


25/58


Su4stance'

Dexavalent Chromium )Cr)EI**

CAS 9u)4er' :;;,8;:81

$ro"ucts'

:eather products


26/58


Re(uire)ent'

It is strongly advised not to market leather

products in which the

Status' Chromium content exceeds ; ppm.

Interpretation of general product safetyreuirement

Source'

:ebensmittel und ?edarfsgegenstGnde Fesetz


27/58


28/58


29/58


30/58


31/58

RESTR=CTED S&>STA9CES L=ST 5RSL 6

!his (estricted Substances :ist )(S:*was created by a special working groupof the #merican #pparel & /ootwear#ssociation8s )##/#* "nvironmental

!ask /orce. !he (S: is intended to provide apparel

and footwear companies with

information related to regulations andlaws that restrict or ban certainchemicals and substances in nishedhome textile, apparel, and footwear

products around the world.


32/58

RESTR=CTED S&>STA9CES L=ST 5RSL 6

!he following table lists the variouschemicals, and application areas andalso the raw materials, componentparts, chemicals, sundries and otherthings of value in which they can beexpected.


33/58

9=C3EL

Kickel is a metal element that maybe present as either a pure metal oras nickel compounds, e.g., salts.

Kickel metal is mainly used forplating of alloys, improving thecorrosion resistance in alloys,

improving the hardness of alloys andis a key element in the production ofstainless steel.


34/58

9=C3EL

Kickel compounds can be used aspigments and as xing agents.

?oth nickel metal and nickelcompounds can occur as an impurityin pigments and alloys.

#pps9 -etal parts, natural bers,

man made bers.


35/58

A9T=?O9Y

#ntimony is a metal that may bepresent as either a pure metal, or asa compound, e.g., salts.

#ntimony can be used as a catalystin polymerisation of polyester.

#ntimony compounds can be used asLame retardants, xing agents andcan be found in pigments.

#pps9 leather, manmade ber,natural bers, metal parts.


36/58

ARSE9=C

It can be present as a pure metal, asnon@metal or as arsenic compound.

#rsenic and its compounds can beused in some preservatives,pesticides and defoliants for cotton.

#pps9 leather, manmade ber,

natural bers, metal parts.


37/58

CHRO?=&?

Chromium is a metal element that ispresent as a pure metal or aschromium compounds.

Chromium compounds can be usedas dyeing additives, dye@xingagents, for after treatments in order

to improve colour fastness. 0yes for wool, silk and polyamide

textiles could contain chromium

complexes, especially for dark


38/58

CHRO?=&?

Chromium salts are used for tanningof leather.



39/58

CO>ALT

Cobalt is a metal that is present as apure metal or as cobalt compounds.

Cobalt compounds can be used aspigments.

Cobalt metal can be used in metalalloys.



40/58

LEAD

:ead is a metal element that ispresent as a pure metal or as leadcompounds.

:ead compounds can be used asstabilizers for plastics, in pigmentsfor textiles or paints, e.g., surface

paints on zippers and buttons, aswell as in prints on plastic products.

#pps9 leather, manmade ber,

natural bers, metal parts.


41/58

?ERC&RY

-ercury is a metal element that wouldnot be normally found in its metallicform.

-ercury will form compounds withother chemicals, e.g., salts.

-ercury compounds can be present inpesticides and can be found as acontaminant in caustic soda.

-ercury compounds can be used inpaints, e.g., surface paints on zippers

and button


42/58

$HTHALATES

+sed as softener )plasticizer* inplastics, print pastes, adhesives andother products.

+p to B2M of soft EC plastic can bea phthalate softener, but otherplastics or prints can contain

phthalates as well. lastic buttons could contain

phthalates.

#pps9 prints, plastics and rubber

ORGA9OT=9


43/58

ORGA9OT=9CO?$O&9DS

-ainly used as stabilizers inplastic3rubber but also as anti@bacterial agents in textiles.

Can be found in anti corrosioncoatings in drums containing forexample dye stu%.

+sed as catalysts in plasticproduction.

#pps9 rints, plastics and rubber,

leather.


44/58

$HE9OLS

henols )C3!eC* are sometimesused to prevent mold when growingcotton and when storing3transporting

fabrics. henols can be used as a

preservative in print pastes.

#pps9 natural bers, man madebers, prints, plastics, and rubber,leather and paper


45/58

=SOCYA9ATES

Isocyanates are used in theproduction of polyurethane plasticsand foams.

#pp9 fabrics


46/58

C?s

oly Chlorinated ?iphenyl.

!hese are large molecules containingmany chlorine atoms.

!hey are mainly used as pesticides,but also as softeners, carriers andLame retardants.


47/58

CHLOR=9ATED >LEACH=9GAGE9TS

+sed for bleaching textiles, paper etc


48/58

SOL@E9TS

Hrganic solvents are mixtures ofvolatile, commonly petroleum@derived,chemicals.

-any contain large amounts ofchlorinated derivatives.

Solvents are used whenever somethingis needed to be dissolved, for example,in the dyeing3printing process, whenremoving spots on ready madegarments and for dissolving the glue

when making shoes.


49/58

$erourinate" AlBylate"Su4stances 5$FAS6

Included in a group of chemicalscalled Luorocarbons.

!hey are surfactants known to be

stable, not sensitive to heat and torepel both water and oilycompounds.

+sed in the production ofLuoropolymers which are used asimpregnating agent on textiles, e.g.,

water repellents.


50/58

A!o Dyes an" $ig)ents

#romatic amines can be a part of themolecular structure in #NH dyes usedboth for natural and syntheticmaterials.

/or dyeing textiles, prints and leatherproducts.

?oth pigments and dye stu% maycontain banned amines.

Katural bers, man made bers,leather, prints, plastics and rubber.


51/58

D=S$ERSE DYES

0isperse dyes are molecules that canpenetrate the ber system ofpolyester.

It is not chemically bonded to theber but trapped inside the ber byphysical forces.

Some disperse dyes are also bannedazo dyes as they can cleave to formthe restricted amines.


52/58

D=S$ERSE DYES

-ainly for dyeing polyester bers butalso polyamide, acetate, viscose andother man@ made bers.

-an made bers, prints, plastics andrubber.


53/58

OTHER DYES

/or dyeing textiles and othermaterials.


54/58

FLA?E RETARDA9TS

!o decrease the Lammability of theproduct, e.g., lowering the energy)heat* of the Lame.


55/58

FOR?ALDEHYDE

/ormaldehyde is volatile andcolourless and is present in smallamounts in the atmosphere, tobaccosmoke, glue and air pollution.

0ue to its volatility, formaldehyde is>contagious>.

If you place a garment withformaldehyde on top of a garmentthat does not contain formaldehyde,the other garment may become

>infected>.

FOR?ALDEHYDE


56/58

FOR?ALDEHYDE

/abric samples for testing need to bepacked separately in plastic bags.

/ormaldehyde or formaldehydereleasing compounds can, forexample, be used for pre@shrinkage,easy@care and pre@crinkle treatment,and for xation or preservation of

dyes and prints. Katural bers, man@made bers,

prints, plastics and rubber, leather

and paper.


57/58

$@C

EC is a plastic that can be soft orhard, transparent or coloured.

EC may contain phthalates,

organotin compounds, lead andcadmium.

In the textile industry EC could be

used to make soft plastic accessorieslike badges, seuins and zip pullersor as coating on textiles for rainwearand prints.


58/58

$@C

Earious kinds of prints might bemade out of EC.

rints, plastics and rubber.

Documents

Safety of Leather Goods