Upload
dinhanh
View
219
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Safeguards-by-Design
Experiences from New Nuclear
Installations
Olli Okko
Tapani Honkamaa, Antero Kuusi, Juha Rautjärvi
IAEA, Symposium, November 2010
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Safeguards-by-Design Initiative
• Proliferation resistance activities of GEN-IV
and INPRO
• Safeguardability concept
• IAEA TRS 392 “Design Measures to
Facilitate Implementation of Safeguards at
Future Water Cooled Nuclear Power Plants”
• Similar experiences from on-going GEN-III
nuclear projects in Olkiluoto, Finland
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Nuclear Installations in Olkiluoto
Geological Repository
under construction
New Reactor (OL-3)
under construction
Enlargement of the Spent
Fuel Storage at the NPP
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Preliminary Design Information for a New
Nuclear Facility
Preliminary Design Information for new nuclear facilities should
be provided to the Agency "As soon as the decision to
construct or to authorise construction has been taken,
whichever is earlier".
At the authorisation moment, the information is on a very general
level, even the type or location of the facility may be known.
The need to update PDI is obvious, but not well-regulated.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
BTC/DI for the Nuclear Facility
Basic Technical Characteristics / Design Information
such information shall be provided as early as possible before nuclear material is introduced into a new facility.
As early as possible versus 180/200 days before NM received
Geological Repository (DiP for concept 1983, for site 2001): BTC to be prepared after nuclear licensing, scheduled for 2012, updates to be expected before NM by 2020
OL-3 (DiP 2002): BTC prepared in advance 2008 in order to facilitate C/S measures to take place by 2010 - 2011
Implementation needs early submission of BTC/DI
AP declaration 2a(x) plan => 2a(iii) site with a facility.
National regulators have to understand international safeguards requirements when granting nuclear licenses.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Safeguards for Underground Repository
DiP 2001 by Government
Challenge:
Store the spent fuel
environmentally safely and
non-accessibly forever.
Re-verification is not
possible.
Introduces new
safeguards challenge during
the whole lifetime of the
underground repository.
It is planned to excavate the yellow part
(ONKALO) before nuclear licensing takes
place by 2012; emplacement of NM is
scheduled to begin by 2020.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Planned locations for emplacement areas of the
spent fuel from new reactors in the repository (Environmental Impact Assessment, Posiva 2008)
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Safeguards Issues for the Construction of an
Underground Repository
Long life time from research, to construction, operation, disposal and closure
Recommendations generated in the IAEA’s Programme for Development of Safeguards for Final Disposal of Spent Fuel in Geological Repositories.
Already at the pre-nuclear phase there are two needs/requirements:
• Verification of the excavated rock space (DIV)
• Credible assurance about the absence of undeclared safeguards-relevant activities at or near the repository.
Site-specific (geological and geographical) challenges:
- Geophysical exploration methods may be adopted for safeguards (geology)
- New surveying techniques e.g. 3-D laser scanning may be applied (geology)
- Visibility in satellite imagery (geography: northern latitudes)
- Continuity of knowledge must be maintained (records owing to geology)
State-specific challenges:
- National licensing and international agreements
- Implementation under the IS framework (state as a whole)
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Safeguards during Underground Construction
National safeguards requirements
• to verify that the Repository has
been built as declared by the
operator
• to verify that there are no
undeclared nuclear activities in
Finland
Expected experience: annual changes
in the design to be reported Onkalo layout in 2010
4,3 km (brownish access tunnel)
excavated October 2010
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Milestones in Olkiluoto Repository Safeguards
• STUK’s letter to IAEA presenting ”pertinent DI”, November 2003
• IAEA nominates contact person, June 2004
• Underground excavations begin, June 2004
• Finland’s Initial AP Declaration, July 2004
• IAEA delegation visit to Olkiluoto Repository, October 2004
• ...
• Posiva’s responsible person for safeguards approved, July 2005
• Posiva’s Nuclear Material Handbook 2005 (updated 2006 and 2008)
• ...
• Interim reports, AP Declaration updates 2a(x), IAEA visits 2005 ... 2008
• Assignment of MBA code W0LF to ONKALO, January 2008
• ...
• SAGSI: DIQs and ISAs for repositories and conditioning plants, May 2008
• ASTOR: DIQs and ISAs for repositories and conditioning plants, September 2008
• IAEA-COM-FIN-SWE meeting; agreement how to proceed, field trial, December 2008
• ICOM: preparation of DIQ/BTC form Annex for Commission Regulation, January 2009
• FIN: submission of BTC Field Trial, December 2009 => IAEA/COM DIV March 2010
• FIN: repository construction declaration under AP 2a(iii), May 2010 => CA June 2010
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Preliminary Design of the Encapsulation Plant
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Preliminary Design of the Encapsulation Plant
already Assists the Planning of C/S
Adjustments from 2006 design to 2009 design, to be finalised in
2012 nuclear construction license application and in BTC/DI.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Milestones in Olkiluoto Encapsulation Plant Safeguards
• Decision-in-Principle, i.e. State Authorisation, 2001
• STUK safeguards concept for the final disposal, FINSP Report 2002
• STUK’s letter to IAEA presenting ”basic information”, November 2003
• ...
• Posiva’s responsible person for safeguards approved, July 2005
• Posiva’s Nuclear Material Handbook 2005 (updated 2006 and 2008) Preliminary facility design updates 2006, 2009
• ...
• SAGSI: DIQs and ISAs for repositories and conditioning plants, May 2008
• Safeguards approach and design information to be developed
– Location of the plant not decided yet, transfer route not fixed
– IAEA C/S & NDA requirements are needed for facility design and national licensing
– Construction expected after licensing by 2015
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
OL-3 Reactor to be Constructed
Decision-in-Principle, i.e., Authorisation 2002
Bidding phase, several reactors reviewed
License application 2003 with preliminary design
Foundation construction works, manufacturing started 2004
Safety assessment, nuclear construction license granted 2005
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
New OL-3 Reactor under Construction
Safeguards reviewed in the national nuclear safety assessment process
for the competence for non-proliferation control at the new unit
Safeguards milestones during
construction:
-Draft BTC/DI 2007, internal
discussion about missing design of
fuel handling system etc.
-Presentation of draft DI at STUK HQ
in 2007, discussion of missing
approvals for details (to be) designed
- Submission of draft DI, June 2008
- Layout animations for camera
locations and views on site Oct. 2008
- Waiting until the buildings can be
seen and visited on-site
- Site visit March 2010
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
New OL-3 Reactor under Construction
Lessons learned in 3 years, (at repository in 10-30 years)
-Camera locations readjusted in
reactor building and in fuel building
- Need to penetrations and cables for
safeguards instrumentation
-Fuel identification and transfer routes
difficult to have under continuous C/S,
acceptable solutions discussed
-Additional design for safeguards
instrumentation, unexpected costs,
delays etc. agreed between 5 parties
present
-Early involvement by the safeguards-
authorities in desired
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Experience from Nuclear Construction Work
Lessons learned in 3 years at reactor, in 30 years at repository
- Construction begins before
nuclear licensing
- Generation of Design Information
continues during construction and
manufacturing
- Safeguardability and proliferation
resistance should be added to the
design requirements
- All stakeholders should be
addressed for safety, security and
safeguards precautions before
national licensing
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Extension of the Spent Fuel Storage Building
Construction project launched for 2009 - 2013
According to Safeguards-by-Design principles?
Our first SbD success story?
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Extension of the Spent Fuel Storage Building
Example of “Good Practices” according to Facility Attachment
- Application submitted in due time (December 2009) in order to
have acceptance from all (civil and nuclear) stakeholders.
- Planned changes (3 new SF Pools) in Design Information
presented to the IAEA and EC, site visit arranged March 2010.
- Safeguardability and proliferation resistance addressed.
- Basic application revised March - May 2010.
- Foundations excavated Summer 2010.
- Construction contracted 23 September 2010.
- Detail design to be reviewed and granted during construction.
- Commissioning in 2013.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Nuclear Renaissance? New Facilities to Finland!
Three Decision-in-Principles, i.e. Authorisations, 2010
1. Construction of new
Olkiluoto-4 reactor
2. Expansion of the
underground geological
repository at Olkiluoto
3. Construction of a new
reactor at a new location
in Finland
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Prepared for these New Facilities?
Practical implementation of the Safeguards-by-Design Initiative:
1. National legislation: Nuclear Energy Act and Degree updated in 2008
to cover international treaty provisions in the planning, construction and
operation
2. Finnish suggestion to revise IAEA Safety Standard Series (DS414) to
cover 3S in Design, implementation with progress of new facilities.
3. Owing to our experience, next steps will be:
- Selection of site, facility type, vendor and supply organisations
- Construction may start before nuclear licensing
- Generation of Design Information will continue for years
- Safeguardability shall be dealt with safety assessment before national
licensing
Do we have the new cost-efficient, user-friendly safeguards approach ?
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
New Facilities to Finland:
Opportunity for the practical implementation of the Safeguards-
by-Design Initiative:
Construction of proliferation resistant and safeguardable new facility calls
for new safeguards culture and early co-operation between all
stakeholders as requested both by the NPT and the UN Security
Council.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
New Safeguards Culture at all Stakeholders:
SSAC: not only IAEA, State, Operator
The national authorities have the task to control the sub-contracted
design phase to improve security and safeguardability of facilities in
co-operation with the designers, operators, the IAEA and RSSAC
The UN 1540 requires for every State to ensure that export
controls, border controls, material accountancy, physical
protection are efficiently taken care of and calling all States to
develop appropriate ways to work with and inform industry and
the public regarding their obligations.
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Nuclear Renaissance Gives new Perspectives
for Nuclear Business
• Senior Nuclear Project Managers (to be recruited in Sept. 2010)
• X is a global consulting and engineering company dedicated to balanced sustainability. We offer our clients integrated management consulting, total solutions for complex projects and efficient, best-in-class design and supervision. Our in-depth expertise extends to the fields of energy, industry, urban & mobility and water & environment. X has 7000 experts operating in about 50 countries, locally and globally. X's Energy Business Group offers to its Clients a wide range of technical consultancy and engineering services to develop and construct new Power Plants. As there is an increasing demand for these services related to new Nuclear Power Plants both in domestic and global markets, X will in the future have a strong focus on Nuclear Energy.
Designers, manufacturers, supply organisations, etc.
are looking for new international nuclear markets.
Our duty to expand safeguards culture beyond the traditional
SSACs to new stakeholders, like to the Company X below
SÄTEILYTURVAKESKUS • STRÅLSÄKERHETSCENTRALEN
RADIATION AND NUCLEAR SAFETY AUTHORITY
Safeguards-by-Design
Experiences from New Nuclear Installations
Summary:
The interaction between the IAEA, designers and local regulators is desired
much before the Design Information is available after the authorisation
We should not miss this opportunity to create a proliferation resistant facility,
authorised 2010: