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Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 i
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if (EIAR)
cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fsh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk;
Gsj;rpq;fs> fSj;Jiw khtl;lk;> ,yq;if
fUj;jpl;l jiyg;G : NghfhN`d-Ff;Fsh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk;>
Gsj;rpq;fs> fSj;Jiw khtl;lk;>
,yq;if. khfhz rig : Nky; khfhzk;
khtl;lk; : fSj;Jiw
gpuNjr nrayhsu; : Gsj;rpq;fs
cs;Suhl;rp rig : Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr rig
fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; : guhnfhil fpof;F (825V)
nghWj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssT : 2.3 nk.th
tUlhe;j rf;jp : kzpf;F 11.38 [p.th
tPjg;gLj;jpa ePNuhl;lk; : nrf;fDf;F 49.5 fdkPw;wu;
miz : cauk;:2.5kP> ePsk; 62kP
jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; : ePsk;: 310kP
kpd;flj;jw;jlk; ePsk; : 0.5fp.kP
mgptpUj;jpapd; fhzpg;gug;G : 0.57 n`f;.
KjyPL : ,yq;if &gh 690 kpy;ypad;
jpl;l mgptpUj;jpahsupd; ngau; : \p[paq; aq; vdu;[p nfh. (jdpahu;)
ypkpll;
jghy; tpyhrk; : 95/7> gioa nfhl;lhit tPjp
ehtpd;d> k`ufik.
njhiyNgrp : +94‐11‐2839656 njhlu;Gf;Fwpa egu;: ngau; : jpU.ruj; N`kr;re;jpu
gjtp : gzpg;ghsu;
njhiyNgrp: +94‐71‐8317129
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 ii
cs;slf;fq;fspd; ml;ltiz
cs;slf;fq;fspd; ml;ltiz .............................................................................................................. ii
gpz;zpizg;Gfspd; gl;bay; ................................................................................................................ vi
RUf;ff;FwpaPLfs; ................................................................................................................................... vii
epiwNtw;Wr; rhuhk;rk; ............................................................................................................................ 1
1. mwpKfk; ........................................................................................................................................... 7
1.1 jpl;lj;jpd; gpd;ddp ................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; kw;Wk; epahaj;Jtk; ...................................................................... 7 1.3 EIA mwpf;ifapd; Nehf;fq;fs; ................................................................................................. 9 1.4 Ma;tpd; tPr;Rk; gug;Gk; ......................................................................................................... 10 1.5 mwpf;if jahupg;gpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiwapay; ........................................................... 10 1.6 mur epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhf Njitg;gLk; mDkjpfs; ..... 13 1.7 mur epWtdq;fspdhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;l VjhtJ epge;jidfs; ......................................... 13 1.8 gpuNjrj;jpy; jw;NghJs;s jpl;lq;fSldhd xj;jpirT .................................................... 13
2. cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; tptupg;G kw;Wk; mu;j;jKs;s khw;Wj;jpl;ltopfs; ....................... 14
2.1 khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwfspd; xg;gPL ..................................................................................... 14 2.1.1 nraw;ghlw;w khw;Wj;jpl;lk; ............................................................................................... 14 2.1.2 njhopEl;g khw;Wj;jpl;lk; .................................................................................................. 14 2.1.3 khw;Wj;jpl;l msTfs; tbtikg;Gfs;> njhopEl;gq;fs; kw;Wk; epu;khz nghwpEl;gk; .... 16
2.2 fUj;jpl;l miktplk; ............................................................................................................. 21 2.2.1 fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfs; tUfpd;w epu;thfg; gpuNjrq;fs; .................................................. 21 2.2.2 fUj;jpl;l gpuNjrj;jpd; gug;G ............................................................................................ 22 2.2.3 fUj;jpl;l gFjpapd; cupj;Jilik ................................................................................... 22
2.3 fUj;jpl;l jstiuglk;.......................................................................................................... 25 2.4 fUj;jpl;l tpgupg;G ................................................................................................................... 25
2.4.1 mizf;fl;L ..................................................................................................................... 25 2.4.2 jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; .................................................................................................... 30 2.4.3 rupTf;Foha; ...................................................................................................................... 30 2.4.4 kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; ....................................................................................................... 30 2.4.5 thNyhl;lf; fhy;tha; ....................................................................................................... 30 2.4.6 kpd;flj;jw; jlk; ............................................................................................................... 30 2.4.7 jw;fhypf fl;likg;Gfs;.................................................................................................... 31
2.5 epu;khz Kiwapay; .............................................................................................................. 31
2.5.1 Ntiyj;js jahupg;G ........................................................................................................ 31 2.5.2 epu;khzj;jpw;F Kd;duhd kw;Wk; gpd;duhd nraw;ghLfs; ............................................. 31 2.5.3 jw;fhypf fl;likg;Gfs; cl;gl Vida epu;khz nraw;ghLfs; ..................................... 31 2.5.4 gad;gLj;jNtz;ba nghUl;fs; ........................................................................................ 31 2.5.5 nghUl;fs; /cgfuzq;fis nfhz;Lnry;yy; kw;Wk; nghUj;Jjy; Kiwfs; ............... 32 2.5.6 gad;gLj;jNtz;ba njhopEl;gq;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; ............................................ 32
2.6 epu;khz eltbf;iffs; fhuzkhf jupf;fg;glNtz;ba kuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if ........ 32
2.7 ahNjDk; mtj;ijf;Fwpa mgptpUj;jp eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; fhy ml;ltiz ....... 32
2.8 jpl;lj;jpdhy; toq;fg;glf;$ba/ Njitg;gLfpd;w VNjDk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;
(ghijfs; Nghd;wd.) ............................................................................................................ 33
2.9 jpl;lj;jpw;fhd KjyPl;L kw;Wk; epjp %yq;fs; /jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j nryT .................. 33 2.10 ,af;f Kiwik .................................................................................................................... 35
2.10.1 ePu;g;gad;ghl;L ml;ltiz> fPohw;Wg;gFjpf;F tpLtpf;fg;glNtz;ba msT ................... 35 2.10.2 jpUj;jNtiy kw;Wk; fuhkupg;G nraw;ghLfs; ................................................................. 35 2.10.3 jlitfSldhd tz;ly;gbtfw;wy; Njitg;ghLfs; /xOq;fikg;Gfs; ......................... 35
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 iii
2.10.4 mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt nraw;wpl;lk; (thd;fjT jpwj;jy;/nts;sg;ngUf;F mgha
mwptpj;jy; Nghd;wd.) ...................................................................................................... 35
3. jw;NghJs;s Rw;Wr;#oypd; tptupg;G ......................................................................................... 36
3.1 ngsjPf #oy; ......................................................................................................................... 36 3.1.1 epyj;Njhw;wk;................................................................................................................... 36 3.1.2 Gtpapay; .......................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.3 Ma;Tg;gFjpapy; epyg;gad;ghL .................................................................................... 45 3.1.4 ePupay; .............................................................................................................................. 47
3.2 capupay; #oy; ...................................................................................................................... 51 3.2.1 cj;Njr Ntiyj;jsk; epyj;Njhw;wk; ......................................................................... 51 3.2.2 jw;NghJs;s jhtu tiffs; /thoplq;fs; ................................................................. 51 3.2.3 MW kw;Wk; Mw;wq;fiu jhtu tiffs; ................................................................. 51 3.2.4 jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; jhtu tiffs; ............................................................................ 52 3.2.5 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpa jhtuq;fs; ................................. 53 3.2.6 jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; tpyq;F tu;f;fq;fs; .................................................................... 55 3.2.7 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpa tpyq;Ffs; ................................ 56 3.2.8 tu;j;jf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs; ...................................... 56
3.3 r%f #oy; ............................................................................................................................. 56 3.3.1 gpuNjrj;jpd; r%f nghUshjhu epiyikfs; ........................................................... 56 3.3.2 Mw;Wg; gad;ghLfs; ...................................................................................................... 59 3.3.3 gpuNjrj;jpd; tUkhdkPl;Lk; %yq;fs; kw;Wk; ghq;Ffs; ........................................ 59 3.3.4 gpuNjrj;jpy; epyTk; Rw;whly; ftdaPu;g;Gfs;> gpur;rpidfs;> my;yJ tplaq;fs;
.. ....................................................................................................................................... 60 3.3.5 fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; njhy;nghUspay; tplaq;fs; ......................................................... 60 3.3.6 jw;NghJs;s cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;> Nghf;Ftuj;J> njhiyj;njhlu;G> kpd;
toq;fy; Nghd;wd ......................................................................................................... 61
4. fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;fq;fs; ...................................................... 62
4.1 kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly; gbT ......................................................................................... 62 4.1.1 epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly;gbT jhf;fq;fs; .......................... 62 4.1.2 Mw;wq;fiu mupg;G ........................................................................................................ 62 4.1.3 kz;zpd; ];j;jpuj;jd;ik ,of;fg;gLjy; kw;Wk; kz;rupTfspd; mjpfupg;G .......... 62
4.2 ePupay; jhf;fq;fs; .................................................................................................................. 62 4.2.1 f.k.r Ald; rhu;ghf vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l nts;s ePu; kl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; gpuNjrj;jpd;
nts;sg;ngUf;F gpur;rpidfs; ..................................................................................... 62 4.2.2 mizf;fl;L fhuzkhd rhjhuz tpLtpg;gpd; fPo; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk;
ePu; kl;l cau;T ............................................................................................................. 69 4.2.3 Mw;W nts;s ePu; kl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; mjpfupg;G ....................................................... 70 4.2.4 Mw;wpd; cUttpaypy; tpNrlkhf rupT$ba Mw;wq;fiufspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk;
. ........................................................................................................................................ 71 4.2.5 Mw;wpd; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ePNuhl;lf; FiwT ............................. 73 4.2.6 Mw;W cUttpaypy;> tpNrlkhf rupthd Mw;wq;fiug;gFjpapy;> Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fs; ... 74 4.2.7 Mw;wpd; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ePNuhl;lf; FiwT ....................................... 74 4.2.8 fopT mfw;wy; kw;Wk; khriljy; fhuzkhf Mw;W ePupd; juj;jpy; Vw;gLk;
jhf;fk; ............................................................................................................................. 75 4.3 #oypay; jhf;fq;fs; ............................................................................................................. 75
4.3.1 njhop;w;gLj;Jk; fl;lj;jpd;NghJ fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; ePNuhl;lf;FiwT
kw;Wk; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; ePu; %o;fbg;G fhuzkhf ePu;tho; jhtu
tpyq;Ffspy; vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; ............................................................................... 75 4.3.2 mizapd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf ePu;tho; jhtu tpyq;Ffspy; tpNrlkhf
,lk;ngaUk; kPdpdq;fis fUj;jpw;nfhz;L Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; ......................... 75
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 iv
4.3.3 ntl;lg;glNtz;ba kuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if cl;gl jiutho; jhtu tpyq;Ffspy;
Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; ........................................................................................................ 76 4.4 jha;g;ghiwapd; ];j;jpuj;jd;ikapy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; ................................................. 76
4.4.1 jiyNahl;lf; fhy;thapd; epu;khzj;jpd; Nghjhd jhf;fq;fs; .............................. 76 4.4.2 kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; epu;khzj;jpd; Nghjhd jhf;fq;fs; ............................... 76 4.4.3 ghijfspd; epu;khzj;jpd; Nghjhd jhf;fq;fs; ........................................................ 76
4.5 r%ftpay; jhf;fq;fs; ........................................................................................................... 77 4.5.1 jw;NghJs;s ePu;g;ghrd jpl;lq;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; .............................................. 77 4.5.2 ghijfspd; kPJ Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fk; ........................................................................ 77 4.5.3 Mw;Wg;gad;ghLfspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ....................................................................... 77 4.5.4 %o;fbg;G fhuzkhf jw;NghJs;s epyg;gad;ghl;L tbtq;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;
. ........................................................................................................................................ 77 4.5.5 jw;NghJs;s cl;fl;likg;G trjpfspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ........................................ 78 4.5.6 tu;j;jf eltbf;iffspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ................................................................. 78 4.5.7 kzy; mfo;gtu;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ...................................................................... 78 4.5.8 nghUl;fspd; Nghf;Ftuj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ..................................................... 78 4.5.9 ,iur;ry; khriljy; kw;Wk; mjpu;T jhf;fq;fs; ..................................................... 78 4.5.10 epyj;jb ePu; kl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpdhy; fpzWfs; kw;Wk; fopTj;jhq;fpfs;
vd;gtw;wpy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;l ........................................................................................ 79 4.6 jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ................................. 79
5. gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l jzpg;G eltbf;iffs; ................................................................................ 83
5.1 kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly; gbtpw;fhd jzpg;G eltbf;iffs; ..................................... 82 5. 2 Mw;wq;fiu ghJfhg;G nrad;Kiwfs; .............................................................................. 83 5.3 rupTfis ];j;jpug;gLj;Jk; nrad;Kiwfs; ....................................................................... 83 5.4 mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; kz;zupg;G .................................................... 84 5.5 kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya gFjpapy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; kz;zupg;G ........................................ 84 5.6 nts;sg;ngUf;F fl;Lg;ghl;L nrad;Kiwfs; ................................................................... 84 5.7 tbfhyikg;G Kfhikj;Jt jpl;lk; .................................................................................... 85 5.8 ePu; khriljiy fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; Kiwfs; .......................................................................... 86 5.9 foptfw;wy; Kiwfs; ............................................................................................................ 86
5.9.1 jpz;kf;foptfw;wy; ......................................................................................................... 86 5.9.2 epu;khzf; fopTfs; ........................................................................................................ 86 5.9.3 kyryf;fopTfs; ............................................................................................................. 87
5.10 #oypay; tsq;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd nrad;Kiwfs; ................................................. 87 5.10.1 njhop;w;gLj;Jk; fl;lj;jpd;NghJ fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; ePNuhl;lf;FiwT
kw;Wk; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; ePu; %o;fbg;G fhuzkhf ePu;tho; jhtu
tpyq;Ffspy; vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd jzpg;G eltbf;iffs; ........................... 87 5.10.2 mizapd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf ePu;tho; jhtu tpyq;Ffspy; tpNrlkhf
,lk;ngaUk; kPdpdq;fis fUj;jpw;nfhz;L Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd jzpg;G
eltbf;iffs; ................................................................................................................ 87 5.10.3 jupf;fg;glNtz;ba kuq;fs; cl;gl jiutho; jhtu tpyq;FfSf;F Vw;gLk;
jhf;fq;fSf;fhd jzpg;G eltbf;iffs; .................................................................. 88 5.11 Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;l tpLtpg;gpw;fhd Vw;ghLfs; ........................................................... 88 5.12 r%ftpay; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd jzpg;G eltbf;iffs; ...................................................... 88
5.12.1 Mw;Wg; gadhspfSf;fhd Vw;ghLfs; ........................................................................ 88 5.12.2 kzy; mfo;thsu;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; ...................................................................... 89 5.12.3 Nrjkile;j cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis kPs;epu;khzpj;jy; ........................................ 89 5.12.4 ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fSf;fhd e\;l<l;L nghjp ........................................................... 89
5.13 nghUl;fis nfhz;L nry;tjhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; ................................................... 89 5.14 ,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;T fl;Lg;ghl;L nrad;Kiwfs; .................................................... 90
5.14.1 epu;khz mtj;ijapd; NghJ ,iur;riy fl;Lg;gLj;jy; ........................................ 90 5.14.2 ,af;f mtj;ijapd;NghJ ,iur;riy fl;Lg;gLj;jy; ............................................. 90
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 v
5.14.3 mjpu;T fl;Lg;ghL ........................................................................................................... 91 5.15 ntbitj;jy; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd ghJfhg;Gfs; .................................................................. 91
6. gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; ...................................................................... 93
7. KbTfSk; gupe;Jiug;GfSk; .................................................................................................... 104
7.1 nghJthd KbTfs; ........................................................................................................... 104 7.2 gupe;Jiug;Gfs; ..................................................................................................................... 105
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 vi
gpz;zpizg;Gfspd; gl;bay;
gpz;zpizg;G I : crhj;Jiz tiuaiwfs;
gpz;zpizg;G II : juTfs; kw;Wk; jfty;fspd; %yq;fs;
gpz;zpizg;G III : crhj;Jizfs;
gpz;zpizg;G IV : Ntiyg;gfpu;T kw;Wk; ifnahg;gq;fSldhd
jahupg;ghsu;fspd gl;bay;
gpz;zpizg;G V : EIA FOtpdhy; elhj;jg;gl;l Kiwrhuh Ma;e;jwpAk;
fye;Jiuahly;fspd; NghJ nghJ kf;fs;> mur rhu;gw;w
epWtdq;fs;> kw;Wk; Vida Kftufq;fs; Kd;itj;j
fUj;Jf;fs;
gpz;zpizg;G VI : nghUj;jkhd tiuglq;fs;> ml;ltizfs;> tiuGfs;>
jstiuglq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida tpguq;fspd; KOikahd
njhFjp
gpz;zpizg;G VII : kz;rupT Ma;T mwpf;if> NBRO
gpz;zpizg;G VIII : ePupay; mwpf;if
gpz;zpizg;G IX : ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;if
gpz;zpizg;G X : jhtu tpyq;Ffspd; tpgukhd gl;bay;
gpz;zpizg;G XI : mur epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J ngwg;gl;l mDkjpfs; kw;Wk;
rk;kjf; fbjq;fs;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 vii
RUf;ff; FwpaPLfs;
CDM ‐ J}a mgptpUj;jp njhopEl;gk; CEA ‐ kj;jpa #oy; mjpfhurig CEB ‐ ,yq;if kpd;rhu rig CO2 ‐ fhgdPu; xl;irl;L DBH ‐ khu;Gauj;jpy; tpl;lk; DS ‐ gpuNjr nrayfk; DSD ‐ gpuNjr nrayf gpupT E&M ‐ kpd;dpay; kw;Wk; ,ae;jputpay; EMC ‐ Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;G FO EMoP ‐ Rw;whly; fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; FDC ‐ ePNuhl;l fhyvy;iy tiuap FSL ‐ cr;r toq;fy; kl;lk; GN ‐ fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; GND ‐ fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupT GS&MB ‐ Gtpapay; Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk; GijnghUs; ikak; GWh ‐ fpfh thw;W kzpj;jpahyak; HFL ‐ cau; nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lk; EIA ‐ Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPL EIAR ‐ Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if LA ‐ cs;Suhl;rp mjpfhurig LKR ‐ ,yq;if &gha; MSL ‐ fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J ruhrup kl;lk; NBRO ‐ Njrpa fl;bl Ma;T ikak; NCRE ‐ ghuk;gupakw;w GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jptY NEA ‐ Njrpa Rw;Wr;#oy; rl;lk; NWS&DB ‐ Njrpa ePu; toq;fy; kw;Wk; tbfhyikg;G rig PAA ‐ jpl;lj;ij mDkjpf;Fk; Kftufk; PP ‐ jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsu; PS ‐ gpuNjr rig rpm ‐ epkplj;jpw;F Rw;Wf;fs; SEA ‐ ePbj;Jepiyf;Fk; rf;jptY mjpfhurig ToR ‐ crhj;Jiz tiuaiwfs;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 1
epiwNtw;Wr; RUf;fk;
mwpKfk;
cj;Njr NghfhN`d-FFNy rpWePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpw;fhd ,t; Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f
kjpg;gPlhdJ (EIA) Njrpa #ow; rl;lj;jpy; (NEA) Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW mjw;F
xj;jpirthf ,jd; rfy Nkhrkhd ghjpg;GfSk; rupahd Kiwapy;
milahsg;gLj;jg;gLtijAk;> kw;Wk; jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpYk; mjidr; #oTk;
tho;fpd;w kf;fspd; r%f nghUshjhu #oy; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oypy; vt;tpjkhd
Nrjj;jpidAk; Vw;gLj;jhJ vd;gij epr;rag;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sTk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. jj;jkJ Jiwfspy; epGej;Jtk; ngw;w njhopw;Jiw ty;Yeu;fs; mlq;fpa
FOnthd;W Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;bid Nkw;nfhz;lJld; EIA mwpf;ifahdJ
nghUj;jkhd jpl;lj;ij mDkjpf;Fk; epWtdkhd (PAA) kj;jpa #oy;
mjpfhurigapdhy; (CEA) toq;fg;gl;l crhj;Jiz tiuaiwfSf;F (ToR) mikthfNt jahupf;fg;gl;lJ.
jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fk; jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fkhtJ Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; fPohw;W gFjpapy; Ff;FNy
fq;ifapd; ePu;j;jiyia gad;gLj;jp XLk; Mw;W Kiwapyhd kpd;Dw;gj;jpia
Nkw;nfhs;tJld;> ,yq;if kpd;rhu rigAld; Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhs;sg;gl;l
cld;gbf;if xd;wpd; Clhf Njrpa tiyaikg;gpw;F ,izj;jy; MFk;. jpl;lj;jpd;
nghUj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssthdJ 2.3 nk.th MfTk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l tUlhe;j rf;jp
ntspaPL kzpf;F 11.38[p.th MFk;.
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,t; kPsg;GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jptY jpl;lkhdJ Njrj;jpw;F ,Uklq;F ed;ikia
nfhz;LtUfpd;wJ. Kjyhtjhf> ,jw;F rkkhdsT rf;jptY cw;gj;jpf;F
Njitahd Rtl;L vupnghUspd; ,wf;Fkjpia fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ngWkjp
tha;e;j me;epa nryhtzpia Nrkpf;fpd;wJ. ,uz;lhtjhf> Rtl;L vupnghUspd;
jfdk; fhuzkhf tspkz;lyj;jpw;F ntspNaw;wg;glf;$ba rktsT gr;ir tPl;L
thAf;fspd; msit Fiwf;fpd;wJ. gr;ir tPl;L thAf;fspd; ntspNaw;wj;ij
Fiwg;gjw;fhd fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kaw;rpahdJ fhyepiy khw;wj;jpw;F vjpuhd Njrpa
nfhs;iffSf;F mikthf fhzg;gLtjhy; CDM Nghd;w gRik epjptoq;fy;fSf;F
cupj;Jilajhfpd;wJ. jpl;lj;jpd; %ykhf kPjkhf;fg;gLk; tUlhe;j ntspaPl;L
Fiwg;ghdJ 8>400 njhd; CO2 ,w;F rktsthdjhf fzf;fplg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.
fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; miktplk;
jpl;lkhdJ Nky; khfhzj;jpd; fSj;Jiw epu;thf khtl;lj;jpDs; tUfpd;w
Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr nrayhsu; (gp.nr.gp) gpuptpy; ghunfhl fpof;F fpuhk
cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpuptpy; (fp.c.gp) tUfpd;w Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; tyJ
fiuNahuj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ.
jpl;l tpgupg;G
jpl;lkhdJ ePu;g;gputhfj;ij Mff;$Ljyhd 2.5 kPw;wu; caukhd miznahd;iw
mikg;gjd; %ykhf jpir jpUg;Gk;. mizg;gpuNjrj;jpy; jpwDs;s
ePNue;Jg;gpuNjrkhf 372 r.fp.kP MfTk; kw;Wk; jpl;lj;jpd; tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lk;
nrf;fDf;F 49.5 f.kP MfTk; cs;sJ. mizahdJ 62kP ePsKk; 2.5kP cauKk;
cila nfhq;wPl; GtpaPu;g;G fl;likg;ghf Ff;FNy fq;iff;F FWf;fhf
mikf;fg;gLk;. mizapd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf ePu;kl;lhdJ mizf;fl;bd; Nky
kl;lj;jpw;F cau;j;jg;gl;L Fsk; xd;W cUthtJld; ,J Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; 360kP
J}uk; tiu ePz;L nry;Yk;. KOikahd FskhdJ Mw;wq; fiufSf;Fs;NsNa
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 2
mlq;FtJld; ,q;F fhzpfs; vJTk; ePupy; %o;ftpy;iy. jpl;lj;jpd; vy;yh
tpjkhd epu;khz eltbf;iffSk; Mw;wpd; tyJ fiug;gFjpapNyNa
eilngWtJld;> ,e;epu;khzq;fs; 310kP ePskhd jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;> xU
Kd;Flh jhq;fp> kw;Wk; xt;nthd;Wk; 1>200fp.th rf;jpia nfhz;l ,uz;L
kpd;gpwg;ghf;fpfs; mlq;fpa kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; vd;gtw;iw nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ,q;F
ePuhdJ Neubahf jiyNahl;lf;fhy;thapypUe;J Kd;FlhtpD}lhf kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyaj;jpw;F nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk; tifapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy;
rupTf;Foha; xd;wpw;fhd mtrpak; ,q;F fhzg;gltpy;iy.
ePuhdJ ,Wjpahf thNyhl;lf; fhy;tha; xd;wpd; %yk; (Vwj;jho 9kP ePskhd)
kPz;Lk; Mw;Wf;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l kpd;rf;jpahdJ kpd;flj;jw;
jlj;jpd; %yk; (Vwj;jho 500kP ePskhdJ) Njrpa tiyaikg;Gld;
,izf;fg;gLtJld; ,J jw;NghJs;s 33fp.Nth kpd; jlj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gLk;.
,jd; njhlu;r;rpahf jpl;lj;jpd; fhuzkhf mizf;fl;L kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyak; Mfpatw;wpw;fpilapyhd ePNuhl;lk; FiwtJld;> Mw;W #oq;njhFjpapd;
kPJ Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fq;fis jtpu;g;gjw;fhf mbg;gil ePNuhl;lj;jpw;F rkkhd
gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ePu;tpLtpg;ghdJ fUj;jpl;l fhyk; KOtJk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
capupay;-ngsjPf #oy;
jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s mbg;gilahd epge;jidfis kjpg;gpl;L
Mtzg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf> Rw;Wr;#oy; ty;Yeu;fspdhy; tpNrlkhf gpuNjrj;jpd;
#oypay; (jiutho; kw;Wk; ePu;tho;;)> ePupay;> Gtpapay;> kw;Wk; GtpcUttpay;
vd;gtw;Wld; njhlu;Gilau;fspdhy; Ma;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
#oypay; fw;ifapy;> mizf;fl;bd; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; 100kPw;wupy; ,Ue;J
thNyhl;lf; fhy;tha; gFjpapypUe;J 50kP tiuahd gFjptiuAk;> Mw;wq;fiuapd;
,U kUq;fpYk; 25kP gFjpAk; cs;slq;Fk; tifapy; xU Neu;Nfhl;L Ma;T
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jiutho; kw;Wk; ePu;tho; jhtu tpyq;fpdq;fs;
gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld.
MW kw;Wk; Mw;wq;fiu jhtuq;fs; vd;gd kl;LNk ,q;F jpl;lj;jpd;
jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gLk; gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gLk; ,aw;ifahd thoplq;fshFk;.
fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; 90% ,w;Fk; Nkw;gl;l eltbf;iffs; kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l
thoplq;fshd gapu;r;nra;ag;gl;l fhzpfs; (xapy; ghk; kw;Wk; ,wg;gu;) kw;Wk;
iftplg;gl;l fhzpfs; Nghd;wtw;wpNyNa eilngWfpd;wJ.
Ma;tpd; NghJ MW kw;Wk; Mw;wq;fiu jhtug;gFjpfspy; nkhj;jkhf 33
cs;ehl;Lf;Fupa jhtuq;fs; gjpTnra;ag;gl;ld. NkYk; MW kw;Wk; Mw;wq;fiu
jhtug;gFjpfspy; %d;W Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;ff;$ba RNjr
,dq;fSk; kw;Wk; vl;L Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk; RNjr
,dq;fSk; gjpTnra;ag;gl;ld. Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpy; ,Ue;J nkhj;jkhf 153 jhtu ,dq;fs; gjpTnra;ag;gl;ld.
,tw;Ws; ,yq;iff;Fupa 33 cs;ehl;Lf;Fupa ,dq;fSk;> 15 NjrpauPjpapy;
Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;l kw;Wk; 12 Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk; jhtu
,dq;fSk; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. gjpT nra;ag;gl;l jhtuq;fSs; ngUk;ghyhdit
kuq;fshfTk; (72) mjidj; njhlu;e;J Vwpfs; my;yJ glupfs; (31)> nrbfs; (29)>
Gju;fs; (20)> kw;Wk; NkNyhl;bfs; vd;gdTk; fhzg;gl;ld. NkYk;> gjpTnra;ag;gl;l
22% Md jhtuq;fs; cs;ehl;Lf;FupaitahfTk;> 23% Mdit gpwehl;Lf;F
cupaitahfTk; cs;sd.
Mw;wq;fiu jhtu rhfpaj;jpy; cs;s jhtu ,d nrwpthdJ xg;gPl;lstpy;
ngUe;Njhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l fhzpfis tpl mjpfstpy; fhzg;gl;ld.
jpl;lg; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; mjidr; #oTs;s gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J jiutho; ej;ijfs;>
Jk;gpfs;> tz;zj;JG+r;rpfs;> ed;dPu; kPdfs;> jtisfs;> Cu;td> gwitfs; kw;Wk;
KiyA+l;bfs; cl;gl Ma;tpd;NghJ nkhj;jkhf 85 tpyq;fpdq;fs;
gjpTnra;ag;gl;ld. ,tw;Ws; ,yq;iff;Fwpa 9 cs;ehl;Lf;Fupa ,dq;fSk; 1
gpwehl;Lf;Fupa ,dKk; fhzg;gl;ld. NkYk; jpl;lj;jpd; Neub kw;Wk; kiwKfkhd
jhf;fg; gpuNjrq;fspy; 1 Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Fk; (VU) ,dKk; 3
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 3
cs;ehl;Lf;Fupa ,dq;fs; cs;slq;fshf 5 Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij
vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk; ,dq;fSk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld.
mt;thoplq;fspy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l tpyq;Fg; gy;tifik nrwpthdJ xg;gPl;lstpy;
jpl;lj;jpd; kiwKfkhd jhf;f tyakhd Mw;wq;fiu jhtu rhfpaj;ij tpl
FiwthfNt fhzg;gl;lJ.
jpl;l Ntiyj;jsj;jpypUe;J Fwpj;j vz;zpf;ifahd cs;ehl;Lf;Fupa kw;Wk;
Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpa ,dq;fs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;bUe;jhYk;> ,J vt;tpjkhd
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j thoplj;jpidAk nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. fUj;jpl;lkhdJ
,iur;ry; kw;Wk; mjpu;T> kw;Wk; J}R vOjy; Nghd;w njhe;juTfspdhy; jiutho;
tpyq;Ffspy; jw;fhypfkhdnjhU jhf;fj;jpid nfhz;bUf;Fk;. vdpDk;> ,t;thwhd
jhf;fq;fs; epu;khz fhyj;jpd;NghJ kl;LNk fhzg;gLtJld; epu;khzf;
fhyj;jpd;NghJ rpwg;ghd Kiwikfis ifahs;tjd; %yk; ,tw;iw jtpu;f;fyhk;.
jpl;lkhdJ kuq;fs; ntl;lg;gLk; Njit vijAk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.
ePuhdJ kPz;Lk; Mw;wpy; tpLtpf;fg;gLtjhy; mizf;fl;Lf;Fk; thNyhl;lf;
fhy;tha;f;Fk; ,ilNaahd Vwj;jho 460kP ePskhd Mw;Wg;gFjpapd; #oypay;
Njitg;ghLfis G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf KO NeuKk; mizapypUe;J 0.34m3/s vDk;
#oy; ePNuhl;lk; tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.
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khtl;l Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpuptpy; mike;Js;s guhnfhl fpof;F fpuhk
cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupT (,y.825 A) MFk;. kpd;rf;jpia ntspNaw;Wk; njhFjpahdJ
nkhy;fhth fp.c gpupitAk; ClWj;Jr; nry;tjhy; kw;Wk; rpy kiwKfkhd
jhf;fq;fs; guhnfhl Nkw;F fp.c gpuptpw;Fk; ePl;rpailtjhy; r%f-nghUshjhu
tplaq;fspy; ,t;tpU fp.c gpupTfSk;$l fUj;jpw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. guhnfhl fpof;F>
nkhy;nfhl> kw;Wk; guhnfhil Nkw;F Mfpa fp.c. gpupTfspd; nkhj;j rdj;njhif
2012 ,d;gb 2>873 MfTk; ,J 873 FLk;gq;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. %d;W fp.c
gpupTfspYk; rpq;fsk;> jkpo; vd ,df;fyit fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpw;fhd fhzpahdJ ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpw;FupajhFk; (fhzp
rPu;jpUj;j Mizf;FO)> kw;Wk; ,J jdpahu; xUtupd; ngUe;Njhl;l
epWtdnkhd;wpdhy; epu;tfpf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. miz> ePiur;nrYj;Jk; gFjpapd;
xU gFjp> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; xU gFjp vd;gd tyJ fiuapd;
Mw;nwhJf;Fg; Gwj;jpy; mikfpd;wd.
Rw;Wr;#oy; kPjhd jhf;fq;fSk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l jzpg;G eltbf;iffSk;
jpl;lj;Jld; njhlu;Gilajhd jhf;fq;fs; epu;khz Ntiyj;js gFjpfSf;F
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gJld; ,jd; gug;G 0.6 n`. mstpYk; Fiwe;jjhfNt
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,j;jhf;fq;fs; jw;fhypfkhditahf fhzg;gLk; mNjNtis
epu;khz fhyj;jpd; NghJ rupahd nghwpapay; Kiwfis ifahs;tjd; %yk;
jtpu;f;fg;glyhk;. epu;khz fhyj;jpd; NghJ ,g;gpuNjrj;jpw;F ntspNa Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
ve;jnthU Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;fKk; Vw;gLtjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; ,y;iy.
cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lkhdJ gpuNjrj;jpd; r%f-nghUshjhu epiyikfspy; vt;tpjkhd
ghuJ}ukhd ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisAk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. khwhf>
fUj;jpl;lkhdJ mjd; epu;khz eltbf;ifapd; NghJ mjpfsT Ntiy
tha;g;Gfis gpuNjrj;jpw;F nfhz;LtUtJld; epu;khz nghUl;fis
toq;FNthu;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhd tpahghuj;ijAk; nfhz;L tUtjhy; r%f-
nghUshjhu epiyikfspy; rhjfkhd jhf;fq;fisNa Vw;gLj;Jk; vdyhk;.
cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf mjpfupj;j nts;sg;ngUf;F fhuzkhf
Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpaKs;s jhf;fq;fis fzpg;gpLtjw;fhf xU ePu;ka Ma;T
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. 10> 25> 50 kw;Wk; 100 tUlq;fSf;fhd jpUk;gf;$ba
nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lq;fSk; jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ,.kp.r kpd; jpl;lj;jpd;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 4
rLjpahd tpLtpg;GfSk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,t; Ma;thdJ cj;Njr 2.5kP
caukhd mizapdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fkhdJ Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; mizapypUe;J
1>550 kPw;wu; J}uk; tiuapy; nts;s kl;lq;fspy; nry;thf;F nrYj;Jk; vd;gij
ntspg;gLj;jpaJ. Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;fpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba epy %o;fbg;G
kpfTk; vy;iyf;FwpajhFk;. MW tPLfs; kl;LNk mjpfupj;j nts;sg;ngUf;F
fhuzkhf rpwpjsT ghjpg;gpw;Fs;shFk; vd;gJld;> ,j;jhf;fq;fis jzpg;gjw;F
nghUj;jkhd kPs;Fbaku;j;jy; kw;Wk; e\;l<l;Lg; nghjp jahu; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
,t; ePu;ka Ma;thdJ cj;Njr mizapd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy;
Mw;wpd; KbTg;gFjpapy; vt;tpjkhd nts;s mjpfupg;Gk; Vw;glhJ vd;gij
ep&gpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
cj;Njr rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khzk; kw;Wk; njhopw;gLj;Jk; epiyapd; NghJ
jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpw;F vt;tpj ghjpg;Gk; Vw;glhJ.
kzy; mfo;T gpuNjrq;fs; cj;Njr mizf;fl;bypUe;J fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy;
fhzg;gLtJld; jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J njhiytpy; mike;Js;sd. ,t;
ngUk;ghyhd ,lq;fs; jw;NghJ njhopw;ghl;bypy;iy. vdpDk;> miz kw;Wk;
ePnuLf;Fk; gFjpapd; tbtikg;gpy; NghJkhdsT kzy; gbT tpLtpf;Fk;
fl;likg;Gfs; fhzg;gLtjhy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; eilngWk; kzy; mfo;T
Ntiyfs; vJTk; ghjpg;giltjpy;iy.
fPo;tUk; ml;ltizahdJ vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; Kf;fpakhd Rw;Wr;#oy; kw;Wk; r%f
jhf;fq;fisAk; mtw;Wf;fhd jzpg;G eltbf;iffisAk; RUf;fkhf jUfpd;wJ.
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l
jhf;fk;
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kz;zupg;G kw;Wk;
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fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l vy;yh epyq;fSk; njhlu;e;J
Gw;jiuapdhy; %lg;glNtz;Lk;. mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl;l kz; nghUl;fs; ahTk; nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspy;
kPs;epug;gYf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. Nkyjpfkhd kz; nghUl;fs; Vw;fdNt milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;l
gpuNjrq;fspy; kl;LNk Ftpj;J itf;fg;gLk;. jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s rupT $ba gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s Nkw;gug;G
tbfhz;fs; Kiwahf guhkupf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. epu;khz kw;Wk;
njhopw;gLj;jy; fhyj;jpd;NghJ ve;jnthU gUtfhyj;jpw;Fwpa my;yJ
gy;yhz;Lf;Fwpa ePNuhilfs; kw;Wk; Xilfs; Nghd;wd
,ilA+Wg;gLj;jg;glNth my;yJ jilg;gLj;jg;glNth $lhJ. vy;yh epu;khz gpuNjrq;fspYk; epu;khz Ntiyfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F
Kd;gjhfNt tz;ly;gbTfs; vLj;Jr;nry;tij jLg;gjw;fhd mt;tt;
gFjpf;Fwpa ghJfhg;G fl;likg;Gfs; nghUj;jg;gl;bUf;fNtz;Lk;.
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mfw;wg;gLk;. ,t;ntspg;gLj;jyhdJ Kditf;fg;gl;l fl;likg;Gfspd;
xj;j gupkhzq;fSf;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ve;j fhuzj;jpw;fhfTk;
Nkyjpfkhd epyq;fs; ntspg;gLj;jg;glhJ. ve;jnthU ghiw ntbj;jy; nrad;kiwAk; Njitahd Mff;Fiwe;j
kl;lj;jpy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiwfis gad;gLj;jp jpl;lkplg;gLk;. kpf
Kf;fpakhd gpuNjrq;fspy; tpNrlkhf cWjpaw;w rupthd gFjpfspy;
,urhad Kiwapyhd ntbj;jy; nrad;KiwAk;$l gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. jpUg;jpfukhdsT cWjpj;jd;ikia toq;Ftjw;fhf xt;nthU
jpl;lf;$wpidAk; #oTk; NghJkhdsT tbfhyikg;G trjpfs;
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vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l
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toq;fg;gLk;.
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ghjpf;fg;gLk; FLk;gq;fSf;F tho;thjhu cjtpfs; cl;gl nghUj;jkhd
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ghjpf;fg;gLk; ve;jnthU fhzpf;Fk; nghUj;jkhd e\;l<L gpuNjr
nrayhsupd; MnyhridAld; toq;fg;gLk;. Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;glf;$ba nts;sg;ngUf;F mjpfupg;gpd; jhf;fj;ij
Fiwg;gjw;fhd jpl;lq;fis mjhtJ> Kd;$l;ba mgha mwptpg;G
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guhkupf;fg;gLk;
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gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. Mw;W ePupd; juk; njhlu;r;rpahf> tpNrlkhf cyu; fhyepiyapd; NghJ
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tbtikf;fg;gLk;.
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ghjpf;fg;gl;l nrhj;Jf;fSf;fhf (VNjDk; ,Ug;gpd;) gpuNjr nrayhsupd;
MNyhridAld; nghUj;jkhd e\;l<Lfs; toq;fg;gLk;. nghUl;fspd;
nfhz;L
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gadhspfSf;F mnrsfupaq;fs; Vw;glhjtz;zk; KbAkhdtiu
ml;ltizg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ghlrhiy jpwf;Fk; kw;Wk; %Lk; Neuq;fspy;
Nghf;Ftuj;J jtpu;f;fg;gLk;. J}R vOtij jtpu;g;gjw;Fk; njhopyhsu; kw;Wk; nghJkf;fspd;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 6
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l
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ghJfhg;gpid fUj;jpw;nfhz;L Ntff; fl;Lg;ghLfs; tpjpf;fg;gLk;. ePu;
tprpwy; %yk; ghijNahuq;fspy; J}R vOtJ fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
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#ow; rl;l (xyp fl;Lg;ghL) tpjpKiwfSf;F mikthf xyp kl;lq;fs;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpy; Ntiynra;Ak;
njhopyhsu;fSf;F nrtpailg;ghdfs; kw;Wk; kg;yu;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.
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mjpu;T jhf;fq;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjw;F vy;yh ntbj;jy; NtiyfSk;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l epge;jidfspd; fPo; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJld;
ntbg;nghUl;fspd; msT mjdhy; mUfpYs;s fl;likg;GfSf;F
Vw;glf;$ba mjpu;T jhf;fq;fs; Kiwahf Ma;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l
gpd;dNu jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;.
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r%f uPjpahd jhf;fq;fis nfhz;bUf;fhJ. epu;khz fhyj;jpd; NghJ
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; rpwpjstpyhd ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fs; nghUj;jkhd nghwpapay;
El;gq;fspd; %ykhf eptu;j;jp nra;ag;glyhk;. mjdhy;> ,j;jpl;lkhdJ #oy;
uPjpahf fhj;jpukhdjhfTk;> r%f uPjpahf Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba xU mgptpUj;jp
jpl;lkhf gupe;Jiuf;fg;glyhk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 7
1. mwpKfk;
1.1 jpl;lj;jpd; gpd;ddp
Nghfh`N`d-Ff;FNy rpWePu;kpd; jpl;lk; ,.kp.r apdhy; elhj;jg;gLk; Ff;FNy
fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpw;F fPohw;W gFjpapy; Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; ePu;g;gputhfj;ij
gad;gLj;j jpl;lkpl;Ls;sJ. cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ Mw;wpd;-Xl;l (Run-of–River) tifahd jpl;lkhf fhzg;gLtJld; ,.kp.r apd; Ff;FNy fq;if fUj;jpl;lj;jpd;
kpd;Royp ePNuhl;l ntspaPL kw;Wk; gpujhdkhf khnfyp Xah cl;gl Vida
fpisahWfspd; ePNuhl;lk; vd;gtw;wpd; %ykhd Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; %yk;
kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;F NghJkhdsT ePNuhl;lj;ij nfhz;LtUk; vdyhk;. ,t;tpU
ePNuhl;lq;fSk; cj;Njr mizf;fl;Lf;F Vwj;jho 3.5fp.kP Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy;
xd;wpizfpd;wd. r%f uPjpahfTk; Rw;whly; uPjpahf Vw;GilajhfTk; njhopEl;g
uPjpahf rhj;jpakhdjhfTk; mikAk; tifapy; xU nghUj;jkhd jstiuglj;ij
cUthf;Ftjw;F ePu;j;jpUg;g miz> jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; ghij> kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyak; kw;Wk; nry;topfs; vd;gtw;wpd; miktplq;fs; gy fs Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk;
Njly; Ma;tpd; gpd;du; kpff;ftdkhf Muhag;gl;ld.
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Nru;e;J elhj;jg;gl;lJld;> ,kpr aplkpUe;J Nehf;f fbjk; ngwg;gl;lJld; SEA ,lkpUe;J toikahd mDkjp ngwg;gl;lJ.
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,yq;ifapYs;s rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lq;fis mgtpUj;jp nra;Ak; epWtdq;fSs;
jFjptha;e;jnjhU epWtdkhFk;. ,J `g;GfhFk;Gu-tsit rpW ePu;kpd;jpl;lk;
cl;gl gy rpW ePu;kpd; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fspy; <Lgl;Ls;sJ.
1.2 jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fSk; epahag;gLj;jYk; jpl;lj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpWePu;kpd; jpl;lkhdJ jw;NghJs;s ,kpr apd; Ff;FNy fq;if
ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpw;F 12 fpkP fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; mike;Js;s> Ff;FNy fq;ifapd;
ePukpd; nfhs;ssit gad;gLj;jp kpd;Dw;gj;jp nra;J Njrpa kpd;tiyaikg;Gld;
,izg;gjidNa gpujhd Nehf;fhf nfhz;Ls;sJ. Mw;wpd; Xl;lk; tifapyhd
,j;jpl;lj;jpd; cw;gj;jpf;nfhs;ssT 2.3nk.th Mf fhzg;gLtJld;> ,j;jpl;lkhdJ
tUlhe;jk; 11.38 [p.th.kzp. J}a rf;jpia toq;FtJld;> ,jd; %ykhf
capu;r;Rtl;L vupnghUw;fis gad;gLj;Jk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaq;fshy; cw;gj;jp
nra;ag;gLk; kpd;rhuj;ij <Lnra;tjd; %yk; CO2 ntspaPl;bid Fiwf;fpd;wJ.
mjdhy; cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ ,jw;F rktsthd kpd;rhuj;ij cw;gj;jp
nra;tjw;fhf ,wf;Fkjp nra;ag;glNtz;ba Rtl;L vupnghUspd; msit
fl;Lg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ngWkjp tha;e;j me;epar; nryhtzpia kPjg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
jpl;lj;jpd;; epahaj;jd;ik
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,Ug;gJld;> 2016k; Mz;lstpy; jyh tUkhdj;ij 4000 m.nlh tiu
cau;j;Jtjw;fhd ,yf;if nfhz;Ls;sjhy;> #oy; uPjpahf ePbj;J epiyf;ff;$ba
tifapy; ,aw;if tsq;fis vy;iy kPwpa Kiwapy; gad;gLj;jhJ
,t;tpyf;fpid vl;Ltjid epr;rag;gLj;JtJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. murhq;fkhdJ
kPsg;GJg;gpf;ff;$ba rf;jp tY cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; ehl;bDs; nraw;wpwd; $ba
Kiwapy; rf;jptY gad;ghl;bid epr;rag;gLj;Jtjd; %yKk; ,yq;ifapy; rf;jp
cw;gj;jp kw;Wk; gad;ghL ePbj;J epiyf;ff;$ba Kiwapy; miktjw;fhd
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpd;wJ. rf;jptY cw;gj;jpapy; kPsg;GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f
rf;jptYtpd; gq;fpid jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; 7% ,ypUe;J 2020 ,y; 20% tiu
cau;j;JtNj gpujhd Nehf;fhf cs;sJ. 2013 Kbtpy;> 262nk.th rpW ePu;kpd;
rf;jpAk;> 81nk.th fhw;whiy kpd;rf;jpAk;> 11nk.th capu;j;jpzpT kpd;rf;jpAk;>
6nk.th nld;Nuh kpd;rf;jpAk;> kw;Wk; 1nk.th #uparf;jpAk; Njrpa
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 8
kpd;tiyaikg;gpw;F ,izf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. (,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp> Mz;lwpf;if
2013). vdpDk;> fle;j fhyq;fspy;> ehl;bd; kpd;rf;jp Njit gpujhdkhf ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp
%yNk toq;fg;gl;lJld;> mdy; kpd;Dw;gj;jpapd; gq;fspg;G FiwthfNt
fhzg;gl;lJ. fhyj;Jld;> mdy;kpd; cw;gj;jp Ml;rpaila njhlq;fpaJ. jw;NghJ>
mdy;kpd;rf;jpapd; gq;F ePu;kpd;id tpl kpf cau;thf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. fpl;ba
fle;j fhyq;fspy; kpd;Dw;gj;jpahdJ cU 1.1 ,y; tiughf fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
cU 1.1: mz;ikf;fhyq;fspy; Njrpa kpd;tiyaikg;gpDila ePu;kpd;> mdy;kpd;
vd;gtw;wpd; gq;F
%yk;: ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f Gs;sptpguq;fs; 2014> ,yq;if kj;jpa tq;fp.
,kpr apd; ePz;l-fhy kpd;rhu cw;gj;jp tpupthf;fy; jpl;lj;jpd;gb> cw;gj;jp
njhFjpapy; ehl;bd; rf;jp fyit ml;ltiz 1.1y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ Nghy
jw;NghJ epyTk; vz;nza;-Ml;rp epiyapypUe;J epyf;fup-Ml;rpAila epiyf;F
khw;wg;gLk;. kPsg;GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jptYtpd; gq;fhdJ 20.2% ,w;F Fiwf;fg;gLk;
vd fzpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gJld;> 2022 ,y; epyf;fup kw;Wk; krF vz;nzapdhy;
vupA+l;lg;gl;l mdy; kpd;Dw;gj;jpapd; gq;F 79.8% ,id vl;Lk; vd
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vjpu;fhyj;jpy; GNuhl;Nyd;l; (35nk.th)> ckhXah (120nk.th)>
nkhufy;y (30nk.th)> kw;Wk; fpd; fq;if (49nk.th) Nghd;wtw;iw jtpu NtW
ghupastpyhd ePu;kpd;rf;jp cw;gj;jp ,y;iy vd;gjhy;> ,kpr ,t; tpiy$ba Rtl;L
vupnghUspd; %yk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; mdy; kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;F khw;wPlhf
ghuk;gupakw;w kPsg;GJg;gpf;fj;jf;f rf;jptY (NCRE) cw;gj;jpia Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wJ.
,jd; tpisthf> cw;gj;jp fyitahdJ NCRE %yq;fspd; gq;fspg;Gld; rw;W
khw;wpaikf;fg;glyhk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtJld;> 2022 ,y; kpd; tiyaikg;gpd;
Njitapd; 13.3% ,id ,J G+u;j;jp nra;Ak; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
ml;ltiz 1.1: ,yq;ifapd; kpd;tiyaikg;gpy; jpl;lkplg;gl;l nfhs;ssT fyit
njhFjpapd; tif 2022 2032
nk.th % nk.th %
gpujhd ePu;kpd; 231 6.9 231 3.8
NCRE 445 13.3 720 11.9
epyf;fup 2,300 68.7 4,700 78.0
vupthA gpwg;ghf;fp 330 9.8 330 5.5
kj;jpk Bry; 44 1.3 44 0.7
nkhj;jk; 3350 100 6,025 100 %yq;fs;: ePz;l fhy cw;gj;jp tp];jupg;G jpl;lk;:2013-2032> ,.kp.r
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 9
,f;Nfhzj;jpy; Nehf;Fk;NghJ> cj;Njr rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lkhdJ fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w xU
Kaw;rpahf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ> Vnddpy; ,J kdpj nraw;ghL fhuzkhf>
kpd;tiyaikg;Gld; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;s mjp$ba tpiyAila mdy;kpd; cw;gj;jp
epiyaq;fs; %yk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; kpd;rhuj;jpd; fhuzkhf tpLtpf;fg;gLk;
gr;ir tPl;L thAf;fspd; ntspNaw;wj;ij Fiwg;gjpy; cjTfpd;wJ. cj;Njr
jpl;lj;jpd; %ykhd tUlhe;j ntspafw;wy; Fiwg;G 8>400 ld;fs; rktsthd CO2
,w;F xj;jjhf fhzg;gLnkd fzf;fplg;gLtJld; ,J ru;tNjr fhgd; KjyPl;bid
ftu;e;jpOf;Fk; vdyhk;.
Njrpa kpd;tiyaikg;gpw;F ePu;kpd;rhuj;ij Nru;g;gjd; %yk;> jpl;lkhdJ mjw;F
rktsthd tpiy$ba mdy;kpd; cw;gj;jpapd; %yk; ngwg;gLk; kpd;rhuj;ij
khw;wPL nra;tjd; Clhf> fhgd; tuit rk;ghjpg;gJld;> njhopy;tha;g;igAk;
toq;Ftjd; Clhf Njrpa nghUshjhuj;jpw;F gq;fspg;ig toq;Ffpd;wJ. MfNt
,j;jpl;lkhdJ epahag;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
1.3 #.jh.k mwpf;ifapd; Nehf;fq;fs;
#oy;uPjpahd kjpg;gPl;bd; Nehf;fkhf miktJ ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gl;Ls;s jpl;l
eltbf;iffs; ahTk; #oy; uPjpahf nghUj;jkhdjhfTk;> ePbj;J epiyj;J
gad;juf;$bajhfTk; ,Ug;gij cWjpg;gLj;JtjhFk;. ,t; EIA mwpf;ifahdJ>
,j;jpl;lj;jpd; #oy; uPjpahd Kf;fpaj;Jtq;fis Gupe;Jnfhz;l mbg;gilapy;
KbTfis topelhj;Jtjw;Fk;> vLf;fg;gl;l KbTfs; #oy; fhg;G> kPsikj;jy;>
Nkk;gLj;jy; Nghd;w tplaq;fis topelj;Jk; Kfkhf jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
EIAdJ gpd;tUk; nraw;ghLfis tpNrl ,yf;fhf nfhz;Ls;sJ:
jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpYk; mjidr; Rw;wpAs;s gFjpapYk; ngsjPf> capupay;>
kw;Wk; r%f #oy; njhlu;ghf mbg;gilahd juTfisAk; jfty;fisAk;
jd;dfg;gLj;jy;;
jpl;lj;Jld; njhlu;ghd epWtdq;fs;> jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpYk; mjidr; Rw;wpYk;
cs;s cs;Su; r%fq;fs; my;yJ tPl;Lupikahsu;fs; MfpNahUlDk;
NkYk; Vida mf;fiwAs;stu;fSld; mtu;fspd; jpl;lk; njhlu;ghd
vz;zq;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Nehf;fpy; njhlu;r;rpahd
fye;Jiuahly;fis Nkw;nfhs;sy;;
jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khzg;gzpfspd; NghJk; mt;thNw nraw;gLj;jy; epiyfspd;
NghJk; ntspg;glf;$ba #oy; uPjpahd jhf;fq;fis kjpg;gPL nra;jy;;
rhj;jpakhd ghuJ}ukhd jhf;fq;fSf;F vjpuhd jhf;ff;Fiwg;G
eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLg;gjd; %yk; jpl;lj;jpid mKy;gLj;Jtjdhy;
Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpakhd vjpuhd jhf;fq;fis Fiwj;jy;.
jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd gpuNahf uPjpahd
mZFKiwfis ifahs;jy; kw;Wk; jpl;lj;jpd; eilKiw KOtJk;
fz;fhzpg;ig Nkw;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; jpl;l fz;fhzpg;G fzf;fha;tpd;
KOikahd nrad;Kiwf;Fk; gq;fspg;G nra;jy; ;
#oy; fz;fhzpg;G jpl;ltiuT xd;wpid mikg;gjhy;> jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsu;
#oYf;F vjpuhd jhf;fq;fis mit kPshj;jd;ikf;F nry;Yk; Kd;du;
rupahd Neuj;jpy; jLg;gjw;F Njitahd eltbf;iffis
Nkw;nfhs;sf;$bajhapUj;jy;.
,Wjpahf k.#.m rigapdhy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s crhj;Jiz epge;jidfspy;
Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;s vy;yh tplaq;fisAk; rupahd Kiwapy;
Kd;dpiyg;gLj;Jk; tifapyhd #oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;ifia
jahupj;jy;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 10
1.4 Ma;tpd; tPr;Rk; gug;Gk;
jpl;lj;jpw;F mDkjp toq;Fk; mjpfhuKs;s epWtdkhd (PAA) ,yq;if kj;jpa
#oy; mjpfhurigapdhy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s crhj;Jiz epge;jidfs;> #oy; jhf;f
kjpg;gPl;L Ma;tpd; tPr;rpid tiutpyf;fdg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. crhj;Jiz epge;jidfs;
gpz;zpizg;G I ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd. crhj;Jiz epge;jidfspy;
tiuaiWf;fg;gl;Ls;s kjpg;gPl;bw;fhd Ma;T gpuNjrq;fs; gpd;tUkhW:
1. Ntiyj; jpl;lg;gFjp (mizf;fl;bypUe;J thw;gFjp fhy;tha; kw;Wk;
flj;jw;fk;gpg; ghij)
2. jpl;lj;jpd; nry;thf;fpl;F cl;gLj;jg;gLj;jg;gLk; gFjpfs;
crhj;Jiz epge;jidfs; mwpf;ifapd; fl;likg;ig tiuaWg;gJld; Ma;tpd;
NghJ ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;glNtz;ba tplaq;fisAk; njspTWj;Jfpd;wJ.
,t;tha;thdJ jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; jw;Nghija #oy; mikg;GfisAk; (jw;Nghija
epiyik) ,aw;ifapd; kPJ Vw;glf;$ba FWfpa fhy kw;Wk; ePz;l fhy
mbg;gilapyhd jhf;fq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpajhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;
gFg;gha;thdJ fhj;jpukhd jhf;f Fiwg;G eltbf;iffisAk; fz;fhzpg;G
nraw;wpl;lk; xd;wpidAk; Kd;itf;Fk; tifapy; tpuptile;Js;sJ.
1.5 Ma;twpf;if jahupg;gpy; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;l Kiwapay;
crhj;Jiz epge;jid G+u;thq;f #oy; Ma;tpd; gug;G kw;Wk; tPr;rpid
tiutpyf;fdg;gLj;JtJld; EIA mwpf;ifapd; fl;likg;igAk;
Nfhbl;Lf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. EIA Ma;tpid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf gy;Jiw rhu;e;j
epGdu;fspd; FOnthd;W gq;Nfw;wJld; ,t; gy; Jiwrhu; epGeu;fspd; tpguq;fs;
gpz;zpizg;G IV ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd. ,t; kjpg;gPl;bid Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf
gy;NtW Kiwapay;fs; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
jw;NghJ fpilf;fg;ngWk; ,yf;fpaq;fs; kw;Wk; nghUj;jkhd jfty;fs;
Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld. EIA Ma;Tld; rkhe;jukhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l tha;g;Gg;ghu;f;Fk;
Ma;Tfspy; ,Ue;J juT> jfty;fs; kw;Wk; mwpf;iffs;> epytiuglq;fs;
vd;gdTk;> fpilf;fg;ngWk; epyj;Njhw;w tiuglq;fs;> Gtpapay; tiuglq;fs;
vd;gdTk; Ma;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;ld. ,tw;iw NkYk; epiwTnra;Ak; tifapy; gy
fs Ma;TfSk; gupNrhjidfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; gy;NtW gFjpfspdJk; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fs; kw;Wk;
jw;Nghija #o;epiyiaAk;> mjidr; #oTs;s ngsjPf> capupay; kw;Wk; r%f
#oy; vd;gtw;wpd; epju;\dkhd rhd;Wfs; b[ply; Gifg;glf;fUtpfs; %yk;
gjpag;gl;ld.
epu;thfg; gpuNjrq;fs;> ngsjPftpay;Gfs;> tbfhyikg;G njhFjp> epyg;gad;ghL>
kw;Wk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; vd;gtw;wpd; jw;Nghija epiyikfs; GPS njhopEl;gk; kw;Wk; GIS njhopEl;gj;jpd; Clhf ngwg;gl;l tiuglq;fs; %ykhf
ngwg;gl;ld. . MNyhridahsu;fs; jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; ngsjPf> capupay; kw;Wk; r%f #oy;
vd;gtw;wpd; vy;yh tplaq;fisAk; Neubahf mtjhdpj;jdu;. ,t;tjhdpg;Gfs;
jhf;fq;fis rupahf milahsg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; kw;Wk; jzpg;G eltbf;iffis
Kd;itg;gjw;Fk; MNyhridahsu;fSf;F kpfTk; gaDilaitahf fhzg;gl;ld.
Gtpapay; Ma;Tfs;
gpuNjrj;jpd; nghJthd Gtpapay;> Jizahd juT %yq;fs; ClhfTk; GSMB ,d; %yk; ntspaplg;gl;l nfhOk;G-,uj;jpdGup 1:100,000 mstpilAila Gtpapay;
glj;jpd; ,y 16 jhspd; cjtpAlDk; Ma;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. jpl;lj;jpd; cj;Njr
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 11
rptpy; fl;likg;Gfspdhy; #og;gl;l gpuNjrj;jpd;> GtpcUttpay;> jha;g;ghiwapd;
epiyg;Gj;jd;ik> kz;zupg;G> kz;zpd; epiyg;Gj;jd;ik> kw;Wk; epyr;rupT Nghd;w
jdpj;Jtkhd Gtpapay; ,ay;Gfs; fs Ma;tpd; Nghjhd mtjhdpg;Gfspd; %yk;
Ma;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;ld. kz;rupT mghakhdJ NBRO ,d; mDruizAld; tpupthd
kz;rupT Mgj;J Ma;tpd; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; gupe;Jiug;GfSk;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
ePupay; Ma;Tfs;
,t; ePNue;Jg;g;gFjpapy; xUrpy mstPl;L epiyaq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd, Mdhy;
njhlu;r;rpahd mz;ikf;fhyj;jpw;Fwpa mstPLfs; ,uz;L epiyaq;fspNyna
fhzg;gl;ld. ePnue;Jg;gpuNjrj;jpd; kiotPo;r;rp guk;giy
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLjJtjw;fhf gpujhd %d;W mstpLk; epiyaq;fspypUe;J
ngwg;gl;l juTfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. njupTnra;ag;gl;l mstpLk; epiyaq;fshtd
jPg;ghild;> njhynghlfe;j> kw;Wk; Nfhdgdpfy vdgdthFk;.
ruhrup khjhe;j ePNuhl;lf; fdtsTfs; fS fq;if Mw;Wg;gLf;iff;F
jahupf;fg;gl;l MIKE Mw;Wg;gLf;if khjpupapypUe;J fzpf;fg;gl;l ePnuhl;lj;jpd;
%ykhf ngWkjpg;gLj;jg;gl;ld. jho; kl;l ePNuhl;l gFg;gha;tpw;fhf fzpf;fg;gl;l
tUlhe;j ruhrup Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;l tPjq;fspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;l
Gs;sptpguq;fspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;ld. nts;sg;ngUf;F cau;kl;l gFg;gha;T
mnkupf;f MAjg;gil nghwpapayhsu;fspdhy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l
tbtikf;fg;gl;l HEC‐HMS ,d; rpl;dupd; khjpupia gad;gLj;jp
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
ePu;ka Ma;Tfs;
Fwpj;j rp.eP.kp.jpl;lj;jpw;fhd cj;Njr mizf;fl;L fhuzkhf ePu; gpd;Ndhl;l
fl;likg;Gfs; kw;Wk; Mw;wpd; topNa mjd; jhf;fk; vd;gd Muhag;gl;ld. cj;Njr
mizapd; Nkyhw;W kw;Wk; fPohw;W gFjpapd; gug;gpy; ePu; kl;lq;fspd; khjpupfis
ca;j;jwptjw;fhd vz;fzpj ePu;ka khjpup xd;W tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ. ,j; Njitf;fhf>
khjpupahdJ mnkupf;f MAjg;gil nghwpapayhsu;fspdhy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;l
tbtikf;fg;gl;l HEC‐RAS khjpup fzpg;gplg;gl;lJ.
,t; khjpupahdJ jug;gLj;jg;gl;lgpd;du;> ntt;NtW nts;sg; ngUf;F kl;lq;fSf;F
cj;Njr miz ,d;wpa epge;jidapd; fPo; khjpupg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. ,t;
khjupg;gLj;jy;fSf;fhf 10> 25> 50 kw;Wk; 100 tUl jpUk;gy; fhyq;fSf;Fwpa
nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. gpd;du; cj;Njr miz
mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L ,t; khjpupg;gLj;jy; kPz;Lk; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l epge;jidfSf;F
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. NkYk; jw;NghJs;s ,.kp.r Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpypUe;J
10>000 tUl nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; Nghjhd jhf;fq;fis kjpg;gPL nra;tjw;F
nraw;ifahd Kiwapy; khjpupg;gLj;jy; xd;Wk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
#oypay; Ma;Tfs;
gpNuupf;fg;gl;l Ntiyj;jsk;
fUj;jpl;lkhdJ fSj;Jiw khtl;lj;jpy; nkhy;fht gpuNjrj;jpy;
mikf;fg;gltpUf;fpd;wJ. FWf;fizahdJ (2.5kP caukhd) fSfq;iff;F
FWf;fhf mikf;fg;gLk;. mizapypUe;J jpirjpUg;gg;gLk; ePuhdJ mizapypUe;J
310kP J}uj;jpy; mike;Js;s kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;ij Nehf;fp mDg;gg;gLk;.
kpd;Dw;gj;jpapd; gpd;du; ePuhdJ kPz;Lk; fSfq;iff;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.
fUj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; ghjpg;gpw;Fs;shFk; fSfq;if Mw;wpd; gFjpahdJ Ntfkhd
Xl;lj;ij nfhz;l gFjpahf tpgupf;fg;glyhk;. Mw;wpd; mbj;jskhdJ gpujhdkhf
ghiwg;gilapdhy; Mf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpuNjrkhdJ tptrha epyq;fs;>
tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l jupR epyq;fs; Nghd;w epyg;gad;ghl;il
gpujhdkhf nfhz;ljhf tifg;gLj;jg;glyhk;. Mw;wpd; ,U fiuNahuq;fspYk;
fhzg;gLk; Mw;wq;fiu jhtu rhfpaNk ,g;gpuNjrj;jpYs;s ,aw;ifahd
#ow;njhFjpahf nfhs;sg;glyhk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 12
Ma;T fhyk;
,t;tha;thdJ 2014 [_d; khjk; Kjyhk; thuk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. Ma;T Kiwapay;
tpyq;fpdq;fs;: cj;Njr Fsg;gpuNjrj;jpy; mizapd; Nkw; gFjpapy; 360kP ,y;
,Ue;J kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpypUe;J fPohf 120kP J}uk; tiu Neu;Nfhl;L tya
Njly; Nkw;nfhs;sg;l;lJ. Neu;Nfhl;L tyaj;jpd; ,U kUq;fpYk; 25kP tiuapy;
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jiutho; tpyq;fpdq;fs; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. Nkw;gug;G kw;Wk;
Mok; Fiwe;j gFjpfspy; cs;s ePu;tho; tpyq;Ffs; iftiy xd;wpd; %yk;
Nrfupf;fg;gl;L ,dq;fhzg;gl;ld.
jhtutpdq;fs;: Ma;Tg; gpuNjrk; fPNo tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sij Nghy %d;W
Jz;lq;fshf gpupf;fg;gl;lJld; ,t; xt;nthU Jz;lj;jpDs;Sk; fhzg;gl;l jhtu
,dq;fs; kw;Wk; fhzg;gl;l NtWgl;l tifahd thoplq;fs; vd;gd Neu;Nfhl;L
tya Kiwia gad;gLj;jp Muhag;gl;ld.
miz kw;Wk; Fsg;gpuNjrk;: miz mikg;gjw;fhf ,dq;fhzg;gl;l
gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; miz mikf;fg;gLtjdhy; ePupdhy; %o;fbf;fg;gltpUf;Fk;
mizf; fl;L miktplj;jpypUe;J 360kP tiuapyhd gFjp.
jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;> Kd;Flhj; jhq;fp> kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;:
jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;> Kd;Flhj; jhq;fp> kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;
vd;gtw;iw mikg;gjw;F njupT nra;ag;gl;l gpuNjrq;fs;> kw;Wk;
thNyhl;lf;fhy;thapd; ePu; tpLtpf;Fk; gFjpapypUe;J cldb
fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; 50kP tiu.
Mw;wq;fiu kw;Wk; ePu;tho; jhtuq;fs;: Ma;tpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;l
gpuNjrj;jpy; jpl;lj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; Mw;wpd; gFjpapd; ,U fiufspYk;
Vwj;jho 460kP gFjp cs;slf;fg;gl;lJ.
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l midj;J ,dq;fSk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;L mjd; ngWNgWfs;
thoplq;fSf;F Vw;whw;Nghy xd;wpizf;fg;gl;ld. ,dq;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf> thopl
tiffSk; gjpT nra;ag;gl;ld. ,dq;fis fz;lwpjy; kw;Wk; fhzg;gLk;
,dq;fspd; ngauPL vd;gd gpuRupf;fg;gl;Ls;s ,yq;ifapd; jhtu tpyq;Ffs;
(gpz;zpizg;G III) etPd gjpg;ig mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,dq;fspd; fhg;G
epiyik cyfshtpa kw;Wk; Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Fk; jhtu
tpyq;Ffspd; gl;baiyg; (gpz;zpizg;G III) gad;gLj;jp jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
r%f jhf;f kjpg;gPL
cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpDs;Ns Vw;gLk; r%f jhf;f kjpg;gPl;bid mstpLtjw;F
Njitahd jfty;fs; gpd;tUk; Kiwfs; %yk; ngwg;gl;ld:
jw;NghJ jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w epyg;gad;ghL kw;Wk; r%f
nghUshjhu epiyikfspy; Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpakhd jhf;fq;fis
fzlwptjw;F cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;ij #o 500kP tiu fs Ma;Tfs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gly;.
Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr nrayf gpuptpd; gpuNjr nrayhsu; kw;Wk; cjtp
gzpg;ghsu; (jpl;lkply;) MfpNahUldhd fye;Jiuahly;.
guhnfhl fpof;F(825 V)> guhnfhl Nkw;F (835 rp)> nkhy;fht (825)> kw;Wk;
fy`pl;ba (825 gp) Mfpa fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupTfspd; fpuhk
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSldhd fye;jiuahly;.
Ma;Tg;gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s trpg;ghsu;fSldhd Neu;fhzy;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 13
fp.c kw;Wk; mgptpUj;jp cjtpahsu;fs; MfpNahupd; gq;fspg;Gld; Vg;uy; 10>
2014> [_d; 30> 2014 kw;Wk; [_iy 25> 2015 Mfpa jpdq;fspy; eilngw;w
cupj;Jilatu;fSldhd MNyhridf; $l;lq;fs;.
gp.nr.gp kw;Wk; fp.c.gp vd;gtw;wpy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; %ytsj;jpul;L kw;Wk;
Vida nghUj;jkhd Mtzq;fs;.
1.6 cj;Njr mgptpUj;jpf;fhf mur epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J Njitg;gLk; mDkjpfs;
jpl;lj;jpid mKy;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gpd;tUk; epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J mDkjpfs;
mtrpakhFk;. jpl;l mgptpUj;jp fhyj;jpd;NghJ ntt;NtW nraw;ghLfSf;fhf
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l mDkjpfs; kw;Wk; fbjq;fs; gpz;zpizg;G XI ,y;
,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
1. ,yq;if kpd;rhu rig – mDkjpf; fbjk;
2. ePbj;Jepiyf;Fk; rf;jptY mjpfhurig – xJf;fPl;L mDkjp
3. Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr nrayfk;
4. ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;
5. tptrha mgptpUj;jp jpizf;fsk;
6. td jpizf;fsk;
7. tdtpyq;F ghJfhg;Gj; jpizf;fsk;
1.7 jpl;lj;jpw;F Kd; mDkjpia toq;Ftjpy; mur epWtdq;fshy;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l ahNjDk; epge;jidfs;
mur epWtdq;fspdhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;l gy;NtW epge;jidfs; mtw;Wf;Fwpa
mDkjp fbjq;fspy; cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. (Nkyjpf tpguq;fSf;F gpz;zpizg;G
XI ,id jaTnra;J ghu;f;fTk;).
1.8 jw;NghJ ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; jpl;lq;fSldhd xj;jpirT
jpl;lg;gpuNjrkhdJ Mw;Wr; #oyhf fhzg;gLtjhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s
kpd;Dw;gj;jp jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khzk; gpuNjrj;jpd; vt;tpjkhd mgptpUj;jp
jpl;lq;fSlDk; KWfiy Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 14
2. cj;Njr jpl;lk; kw;Wk; fhj;jpukhd khw;Wj;jpl;l topfs; vd;gtw;wpd; tptuzk;
2.1 khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwfspd; kjpg;gPL
jpl;lj;jpd; tbtikg;G Neuj;jpy;> cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; tif kw;Wk; msT> mjd;
miktplk; kw;Wk; <LgLj;jg;gLk; nra;Kiwfs; vd;gtw;iw fUj;jpy; nfhz;L gy
KbTfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. jug;gl;Ls;s vy;yh khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwfisAk;
fUj;jpw;nfhz;L kpfTk; nghUj;jkhd Kiwapid tiutpyf;fdg;gLj;Jk;
eilKiwapd; NghJ Mokhd fw;iffs; kw;Wk; Ma;Tfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
,r;nrad;Kiwfspy; tbtikg;G MNyhrfu;fs; kw;Wk; nghwpapayhsu;fs;
jq;fSila mwpT> epGdj;Jtk;> kw;Wk; mDgtq;fis rpwe;jnjhU khw;Wj;jpl;l
topKiwapid Nju;e;njLg;gjw;fhf gad;gLj;jpdu;. Rw;Wr;#oy; epGdu; FOTld;
fye;jhNyhrpj;J Rw;Wr;#oy; tiuKiwfSk; ,f;fl;lj;jpy; ftdj;jpy;
nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,t; EIA mwpf;ifapy; ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gl;l nghUj;jg;ghLila
khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwapid tiutpyf;fdg;gLj;jy;> kjpg;gpLjy;> jpiuapLjy; kw;Wk;
,Wjpahf Nju;e;njLj;jy; vd;gtw;wpd; Nehf;fk; xU tpupthd Ma;Tfs; kw;Wk;
,j;jpl;lj;jpid tbtikj;j tpQ;Qhdpfs; kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oy; MNyhrfu;fs;
mj;Jld; nghwpapayhsu;fs; MfpNahUf;fpilapyhd fye;Jiuahly;fs; vd;gtw;iw
cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwfs;> mit vt;tifapy; jpl;lj;jpd;
xl;Lnkhj;j Nehf;fj;jpw;F tbtikg;G tiuaiwfs;> #oy;uPjpahd> nghwpapay;
uPjpahd> kw;Wk; nghUshjhu Nehf;fpy; <LnfhLf;fpd;wd vd;w mbg;gilapy;
kjpg;gPL nra;ag;gl;ld.
2.1.1 nrayw;w khw;Wj;jpl;lk;
,yq;ifahdJ 2020k; Mz;lstpy; ghuk;gupakw;w GJg;gpf;ff; $ba rf;jp (NCRE) %ytsq;fs; Clhf 20% Md kpd;rf;jpia cw;gj;jpnra;tJld; ehl;by; 100% kpd;toq;fiy Nkw;nfhs;Sk; nfhs;if uPjpahd ,yf;fpid vjpu;ghu;j;Js;J. 2.3
nkfhthw;W> tUlhe;jk; kzpf;F 11.38 [pfh thw;W rf;jpia toq;Fk; kpd;rhuj;ij
Njrpa kpd; tiyaikg;gpw;F toq;Ftjp;d; Clhf ,j;jpl;lkhdJ ,t;tpyf;fpid
vl;Ltjw;F ngupJk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wJ. ,j;jpl;lk; nfhz;Ltug;glhj
re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ,jw;F rkkhd rf;jpapid khw;W topfspd; ClhfNt - ngUk;ghYk;>
ntspehl;L gzj;ij cs;sPu;g;gNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ ghupa #oy; ghjpg;igAk;
Vw;gLj;jf;$ba mdy; kpd; cw;gj;jp %yNk G+u;j;jp nra;ag;glf;$bajhf mikAk;.
fdpa vz;nza; kw;Wk; epyf;fup Mfpa ,U mdy;kpd; khw;W topfSk; CO2, SOx, NOx kw;Wk; Ez;Jfs;fs; vd;gtw;iw ntspapLgtdthfNt mikAk;. ,t;tbg;gilapy;> ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy;> jpl;lj;jpd; r%f kw;Wk; #oy; jhf;fq;fs; kpf;f
Fiwthf fhzg;gLtJld; mit Fiwf;fg;glf;$bajhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wgbahy;>
“nraw;ghL mw;w” khw;Wj;jpl;lj;ij njupT nra;tJ vd;gJ mwpthu;e;j xU topahf
fhzg;gltpy;iy. mj;Jld;> ,t;thw;Wg; gLf;ifapd; mizf;fl;Lf;Fk;
thw;fhy;tha; KbTg;gFjpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd ePu; vt;tpjkhd ghtizf;Fk;
cl;gLj;jg;gLtjpy;iy vd;gjhy; tsq;fSf;fhd KWfy;epiy ,q;F
fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,g;gpNuupf;fg;gl;l rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;ij epu;khzpg;gjw;F
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l nghUshjhu uPjpahf kpfTk; rpwe;jnjhU KjyPlhf mikfpd;wJ.
,J ehl;bd; #oYld; el;ghd kpd;Dw;gj;jp Njitapd; mjpfupg;gpw;fhfTk;
cyfshtpa uPjpapy; GJg;gpf;ff;$ba rf;jpts khw;Wj;jpl;lq;fSf;fhd
miog;gpw;fhfTk; cjTtjhy; ,J Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhfTk; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w
eilKiwahfTk; cs;sJ.
2.1.2 njhopEl;g khw;W topfs;
,yq;ifahdJ mjd; mjpfupj;J tUk; kpd;Njitia G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;F Kbe;jsT
nrhe;j rf;jp tsq;fis mgptpUj;jp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. capu;r;Rtl;L vupnghUs;
(epyf;fup> fdpa vz;nza; my;yJ ,aw;if thA) mbg;gilapyhd rf;jp
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 15
cw;gj;jpia fUJNthkhdhy; ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j me;epa nryhtzp ,yhgj;ij
Fiwf;Fk;. khw;W topfshd ePu;> fhw;W> capu;j;jpzpT> tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy;>
kw;Wk; efuf; fopTfs; vd;gd rf;jpahf khw;wg;gLtJld;> #upa-xsp-kpd;dOj;j rf;jp
vd;gd ,r;re;ju;g;gj;jpy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpd;wd. ml;ltiz 2.1 MdJ khw;W NCRE njhopEl;gq;fspd; KjyPl;L kw;Wk;
njhopw;gLj;jy; nryTfspd; khjpupahd xU xg;gPl;bid fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,yq;ifapy;
fhzg;gLk; fhw;whiy kpd;tY epiyaq;fis xg;gpLk;NghJ> mjw;fhd KjyPl;L
nryT kw;Wk; nraw;gLj;jy; guhkupj;jy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd nryT ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp
epiyaj;ij tpl kpf mjpfkhFk;. xU fhw;whiyapd; ruhrupahd ,ae;jpu
fhuzpahf 32% fhzg;gLk; mNjNtis ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; ,ae;jpu
fhuzp 40% ,w;Fk; Nkyhf fhzg;gLfpd;wgbahy; ,yq;ifapy; fhw;whiyapypUe;J
ngwg;gLk; kpd;rhuj;jpd; nryT ePu;kpd;rhuj;ij tpl $bajhf fhzg;gl
toptFf;fpd;wJ. capu;j;jpzpT kpd;Dw;gj;jpapd; ,ae;jpu fhuzp kpf cau;thf fhzg;gLtJld;
KjyPl;bw;fhd nryTk; ePu;kpd;rhuj;jpw;F kpf mz;ikapy; fhzg;gl;lhYk;> ,jw;fhd
njhopEl;gq;fs; ,yq;ifiag; nghWj;jtiu ,d;Dk; epiyepWj;jg;glNtz;bajhf
cs;sJ. tptrhak;> ifj;njhopy;> kw;Wk; efu fopTfs; Nghd;w Vida rf;jp
%yq;fspd; ,ae;jpu fhuzp ePu;kpd;rhuj;ij tpl kpf cau;thf fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
vdpDk;> ,t; rf;jp %yq;fspd; gad;ghL njhopEl;gq;fs; ed;F Kjpu;r;rpaile;J
nghUshjhu uPjpahf tha;g;ghdjhf khWk;NghJ kl;LNk tha;g;Gs;sjhf
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
ml;ltiz 2.1: KjyPl;Lr; nryT> njh. kw;Wk; guhkupj;jy; nryT kw;Wk; tUlhe;j
epiyaf; fhuzp vd;gtw;wpd; khjpupahd xg;gPL.
njhopEl;g tif tUlhe;j
epiyaf;
fhuzp
KjyPl;Lr;
nryT (LKR Million/MW)
fzpf;fg;gl;l
njh. kw;Wk;
guhkupj;jy;
nryT
(LKR/kWh)
tUlhe;j njh.
kw;Wk; guhkupj;jy;
nryT (KjyPl;L
nrytpd; xU %Mf)
rpW ePu;kpd; 42% 220 1.93 3.0
fhw;W 32% 243 1.30 1.5
capu;j;jpzpT
(nld;nuh) 80% 263 1.501 4.01
1.882 5.02
tptrha kw;Wk;
ifj;njhopy;
fopT
80% 263 1.501 4.01
1.882 5.02
efu;g;Gw fopT 60% 399 1.753 7.04
ntg;gf; fopT 67% 229 0.52 1.33 Fwpg;G : Mz;Lfs;
1 1‐15; 2 Mz;Lfs; 16 Kjyhf; 3 vupnghUs; nryT; 4 Mz;Lfs; 1‐20
%yk;: ,yq;if nghJg; gad;ghLfs; Mizak;> 2012
#upa-xsp-kpd;dOj;jkhdJ (PV) tiyaikg;gpw;F ntspapyhd gad;gLj;jypy; kpfg;
gpurpj;jk; ngw;Ws;s mNjNtis tiyaikg;gpw;F ,izf;fg;gl;l epiyf;ff;$ba
%ykhf ,d;Dk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy. nrytpid fUj;jpw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ
,J ePu;kpd;rhuj;ij tpl 12 klq;F tpiy $bajhFk;. ,J nghUshjhu uPjpahfTk; jpwd; mbg;ilapYk; ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jpf;F Vida khw;W
topfspYk; ghu;f;f xU fhj;jpukhd tiuaiwia toq;Ffpd;wJ. cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ ed;F tbtikf;fg;gl;l njhopEl;gq;fSldhd Mw;wpd;-Xl;l
ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp jpl;lkhFk;. Mw;wpd;-Xl;l ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp KiwahdJ jw;NghJ
fhzg;gLk; kpfr;rpwe;j ghjpg;G FiwthdJk; Mw;W ePNuhl;lj;jpy; Fiwe;jsT
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 16
jhf;fj;ij nfhz;lJkhd GJg;gpf;ff;$ba tskhFk;. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; epiyaj;jpd;
nfhs;jpwdhdJ vy;yh tpjkhd mj;jpahtrpakhd $WfisAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhz;L
cau;epiyf;F nfhz;Ltug;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpd; ,ae;jpuf;fhuzp vy;yh
Kf;fpakhd tbtikg;G $WfisAk; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L cr;rg;gad;ghl;bw;F
cl;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. kpd;-nghwpapay; cgfuzq;fs; cyfshtpa uPjpapy; ed;F
nrad;Kiwg;gLj;jpf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJld; ,j;jpl;lj;jpw;F kpfTk;
nghUj;jKilajhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
2.1.3 khw;Wj;jpl;l msTfs;> tbtikg;G> njhop;El;g kw;Wk; epu;khz
nghwpEl;gq;fs;
cj;Njr jpl;l jstiuglk; kw;Wk; jdpg;gl;l uPjpahd $Wfis fUj;jpw;
nfhs;sg;gLk;NghJ> gy fl;likg;GuPjpahd> tbtikg;Gfs; kw;Wk; njhopEl;g
khw;Wtopfs; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; tpUk;gpa tbtikg;Gfis njupT
nra;tij epahag;gLj;Jtjw;fhf kjpg;gplg;gl;lJ. tha;g;Gg;ghu;f;Fk; Ma;tpd;nghJ
%d;W Kf;fpa khw;Wtopfs; jstiuglj;ij njupT nra;tjw;F
njhopEl;g/nghwpapay;> r%f> Rw;Wr;#oy; vd;gtw;iwAk; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L
Muhag;gl;ld. vy;yh khw;Wj; jpl;ltopKiwfspYk; miz kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyak; vd;gd Mw;wpd; 2fpkP gFjpapDs; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. Kd;itg;Gfspd;
gpujhd ,ay;Gfs; kw;Wk; jstiuglq;fs; fPNo jug;gLfpd;wd.
khw;Wj; jpl;ltopKiw ,y.1: ,lJfiuapy; mizf;fl;L – 8kP cauk;> 34kP
ePskhd miz> jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha; ,y;iy> nkhj;j cauNtWghL-8.4kP>
nghUj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssT – 2.6nk.th. cU 2.1: khw;Wj;jpl;l top ,y.1 ,d; jstiuglk;.
khw;Wj; jpl;ltopKiw ,y.2: ,lJfiuapy; fhy;tha; – 1kP cauk;> 75kP ePskhd
miz> 1840kP jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha;> nkhj;j cauNtWghL - 8.4kP> nghUj;jg;gl;l
nfhs;ssT – 2.4nk.th. cU 2.2: khw;Wj;jpl;l top ,y.1 ,d; jstiuglk;.
khw;Wj; jpl;ltopKiw ,y.3: tyJfiuapy; fhy;tha; – 2.5kP cauk;> 62kP ePskhd
miz> 310kP jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha;> nkhj;j cauNtWghL – 6.7kP> nghUj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssT – 2.3nk.th.(,J tpUk;gg;gl;l Kiw: ,j;jpl;lk;)
cU 2.3: khw;Wj;jpl;l top ,y.2 ,d; jstiuglk;.
khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwfspd; xg;gPL
Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l %d;W khw;Wj;jpl;l topKiwfspdJk; xg;gPL ml;ltiz 2.2 ,y;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ. NtWgl;l jpl;l topKiwfspd; %ykhf ngwg;glf;$ba kpd;rf;jpapd;
mstpy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT khw;Wk; ,y;iy vdpDk;> ,tw;wpd; xg;gPl;by; kpf Kf;fpa
gq;F tfpj;jJ xl;Lnkhj;j nghUshjhu nryT (ePu;j;jpUg;g fl;likg;G>
ePiur;nrYj;Jk; njhopEl;gk;> nts;sg;ngUf;F gliyfs; kw;Wk; nry;topfs; vd;gd
cl;gl)> vspikj;jd;ik> ,yFthd epu;khzk;> kw;Wk; mjDld; njhlu;Gila
rw;Wr;#oy; kw;Wk; r%f-nghUshjhu tplaq;fs; vd;gdthFk;.
Muha;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;l khw;W topfspDs; khw;Wj;jpl;lk; ,y.3 gupe;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 17
cU 2.1: khw;Wj;jpl;l top ,y.1 ,d; jstiuglk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 18
cU 2.2: khw;Wj;jpl;l top ,y.2 ,d; jstiuglk;.
cU 2.3: khw;Wj;jpl;l top ,y.3 ,d; jstiuglk; (tpUk;gg;gl;lJ: ,j;jpl;lk;) .
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 19
ml;ltiz 2.2: khw;Wj;jpl;l topfspd; RUf;fk;. khw;Wj;jpl;l ,y. ,y. 1 ,y. 2 ,y.3 (,j;jpl;lk;) ePu;j;jpUg;g
fl;likg;G miz : cauk; – 8m; ePsk; – 34m; tif – nfhq;wPl; fl;likg;G
miz : cauk; – 1m; ePsk; – 75m; tif – nfhq;wPl; fl;likg;G
miz : cauk; – 2.5m; ePsk; – 62m; tif – nfhq;wPl; fl;likg;G
njhopw;gLk; ePu;kl;lk; 16.4m r.f.kl;lj;jpypUe;J 16.4m r.f.kl;lj;jpypUe;J 15m r.f.kl;lj;jpypUe;J ePiur;nrYj;Jk;
Kiw mizapypUe;j Neubahf kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyaj;jpw;F : rupTf;Foha; mtrpakpy;iy.
jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; : 1840kP>
rupTf;Foha; mtrpakpy;iy. jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; : 310kP> rupTf;Foha;
mtrpakpy;iy.
nkhj;j cau
NtWghL 8.4m 8.4m 6.7m
cw;gj;jp nfhs;ssT 2.6MW; 13.33Wh 2.4MW; 11.8GWh 2.3MW; 11.38GWhfhzpj; Njitg;ghL 0.5ha 3.15 ha 0.57 hanry;top ePsk; 600m ePsk; 600m jw;NghJs;s Njhl;lg;ghij gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
ePupy; %o;Fk;
gpuNjrk; $baJ; 12f;F Nkw;gl;l jdpahu; fhzpfs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. XusT $baJ; 10f;F Nkw;gl;l jdpahu;
fhzpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;fJ Vnddpy; %o;Fk; gpuNjrq;fs;
Mw;wq;fiufSf;F kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. (ghiw
ntspg;ghL)
Gtpapay; ,ay;Gfs; ghupa Fsg;gFjp fhuzkhf epyr;rupT
Mw;wq;fiu mupg;G Vw;gLk; tha;g;G> mizf;fl;L
epu;khzj;jpw;fhf ngUksT ghiw ntbg;G> cau;
nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; NghJ Mw;wq;fiufis
epiyg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf fUq;fy; Rtu; vOg;gg;gLk;.
ghupastpy; ghiw ntbg;Gfis
jtpu;g;gjdhy; mjdhy; Vw;glf;$ba
ruptfSf;Fk; Mw;wq;fiufSf;Fk; Vw;gLk;
ngsjPf ghjpg;Gfis jtpu;f;Fk; rhjfk;
cz;L.
ghupastpy; ghiw ntbg;Gfis jtpu;g;gjdhy;
mjdhy; Vw;glf;$ba ruptfSf;Fk;
Mw;wq;fiufSf;Fk; Vw;gLk; ngsjPf ghjpg;Gfis
jtpu;f;Fk; rhjfk; cz;L.
epu;khzk; ngUkstpyhd mfo;T Ntiy> mjdhy;
rupTfs; cWjpapof;Fk;> kpd;Roypfs;
nts;sg;ngUf;if jhq;Fk; tifapy; nfhq;wPl;
fl;likg;gpy; itf;fg;gLk;.
kpfePz;l jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha; kw;Wk;
ghijfs; fhuzkhf ngUkstpyhd
mfo;T Ntiy> mjdhy; rupTfs;
cWjpapof;Fk;> kpd;Roypfs;
nts;sg;ngUf;if jhq;Fk; tifapy;
nfhq;wPl; fl;likg;gpy; itf;fg;gLk;.
miz> jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha; kw;Wk;
epu;khzj;jpw;fhf Mff;Fiwe;j mfo;T Ntiy>
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; ,aw;ifahdnjhU
gs;sj;jpy; miktjhy; ,jd; epu;khzj;jpw;F
Fiwe;jsthf kz; mfo;e;njLf;fg;gLk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;fq;fs; mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl;l
kz;iz
ifahs;jy;>
kz;zupg;G
mizapd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf ghupstpyhd
kz; kw;Wk; ghiwfs; mfo;e;njLf;fg;gLk;.
,jdhy; tz;ly; gbT fhuzkhf Mw;WePu;
khrilAk; rhj;jpak; mjpfk;.
ePz;l jiynahl;lf;fhy;tha; fhuzkhf
ghupstpyhd kz; kw;Wk; ghiwfs;
mfo;e;njLf;fg;gLk;. ,jdhy; tz;ly;
gbT fhuzkhf Mw;WePu; khrilAk;
rhj;jpak; mjpfk;.
jiyNahl;lf;fhy;thahdJ ngUk;ghYk;
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghiwfspd; kPJ nry;tjhy;
xg;gPl;lstpy; mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl;l kz; msT
FiwthFk;. tz;ly; gbT fhuzkhf Mw;WePu;
khrilAk; msT fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glyhk;.
nts;sg;ngUf;F mizahdJ kzyfw;Wk; fl;likg;G kw;Wk;
epWj;jw; Fw;wpfis nfhz;L tbtikf;fg;gLk;>
nts;sg;ngUf;F fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfs; mtrpak;
mizahdJ kzyfw;Wk; fl;likg;G
kw;Wk; epWj;jw; Fw;wpfis nfhz;L
tbtikf;fg;gLk;> nts;sg;ngUf;F
fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwfs; mtrpak;
gliyfs; Njitapy;iy
,aw;if #oy;
mopf;fg;gl;ly;
mizf;fl;L> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; kw;Wk;
ghijfs; epu;khzj;jpdhy; mopf;fg;gLk;.
Mw;wq;fiu epyq;fs; %o;fbf;fg;gLk;.
mizf;fl;L> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; kw;Wk;
,uz;L ghijfs; epu;khzj;jpdhy;
mopf;fg;gLk;.
,f;fhzp Vw;fdNt kdpj eltbf;ifapdhy;
(ngUe;Njhl;lq;fs; ) ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; miz>
jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha; kw;Wk; ruptf;Foha;
Nghd;wtw;wpd; epu;khzj;jpdhy; Fiwe;jsNt
ghjpg;G.
ghjpg;gilAk;
Mw;Wg;gFjp FskhdJ Mw;wpd; topNa Vwj;jho 2.3fpkP
ePskhdJ> ePu; jpUg;gg;gLtjhy; Mw;wpd; ve;jg;
gFjpAk; twl;rpahtjpy;iy
FskhdJ Mw;wpd; topNa Vwj;jho 500kP
ePskhdJ> miz kw;Wk; thNyhl;lf;
fhy;tha;f;fpilNa J}uk; 2fpkP
FskhdJ Mw;wpd; topNa Vwj;jho 360kP
ePskhdJ> miz kw;Wk; thNyhl;lf;
fhy;tha;f;fpilNa J}uk; 460kP (vdpDk; Kjy; 100kP
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 20
gFjpNa ghjpf;fg;gLk; Vnddpy; vQ;rpa gFjp
Mokhd ,aw;ifahd FskhFk;.
r%f jhf;fq;fs; ngupa Fsg;gFjp fhuzkhf ghJfhg;G
njhlu;ghdnjhU gpur;rpid cz;L.
jdpahUf;Fwpa fhzpfs; RtPfupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;>
ePuhLk; gFjp ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xU kzy;
mfOk; gFjp ghjpf;fg;gLk;.
jdpahUf;Fwpa fhzpfs; RtPfupf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;> kzy; mfo;tpy; ghjpg;gpy;iy. mizapypUe;j thnyhl;lf;fhy;tha; tiu kw;Wk;
%o;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpy; Mw;iwg;gad;gLj;JNthu;
,y;iy; kzy; mfo;tpy; ghjpg;gpy;iy.
epu;khz nryT 580 kpy;ypad; ,.&gh 620 kpy;ypad; ,.&gh 690 kpy;ypad; ,.&gh
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 21
2.2 jpl;l miktplk;
cj;Njr rp.eP.kp.jp khdJ fSj;Jiw khtl;lj;jpd; Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr gpuptpy;
guhnfhl fpof;F fp.c.gpuptpy; c];f;ntyp Njhl;lj;jpd; bugy;fhu; gpuptpy;
mike;Js;sJ. cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; Ff;FNs fq;ifapy; jw;Ngh
fhzg;gLk; ,.kp.r apd; 70nk.th Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpw;F 12fp.kP
fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ. cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyakhdJ Mw;wpd; tyJ
fiuNahuj;jpy; cj;Njr mizf;fl;Lf;F 310kP fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ.
jpl;l miktpl tiuglq;fs; ,yq;if epy msit jpizf;fsj;jpdhy;
jahupf;fg;gl;l 1: 50,000 jhs; ,y.74 kw;Wk; 1:10,000 jhs; ,y.74/15 Mfpatw;iw
gad;gLj;jp jahupf;fg;gl;ld. ,it cU 2.1 kw;Wk; cU 2.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd. jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpid nfhOk;gpypUe;J n`huz-Gsrpq;fs tPjpapD}lhf (gp304) nrd;W
gpd; Gsj;rpq;fstpy; ,lg;gf;fk; jpUk;gp guhnfhl kw;Wk; nkhy;fhtgFjpia
nrd;wilayhk;. guhnfhltpy; Ff;FNy fq;iff;F Nkyhf ghyk; xd;W
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jpl;lg;gFjpia nrd;wiltjw;F ,uz;L khw;Wtopfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. guhnfhil ghyj;jpw;F Kd;djhf ,lg;gf;fk; jpUk;gp
fpj;Jynfhil Nfhtpy; tPjpapD}lhf nrd;W bgy;fhu; gpupT Njhl;lg;ghij topNa
nry;yyhk;> ghyj;ij fle;j gpd;du;> nkhy;fhit gioa re;jpia Nehf;fp
Kd;Ndwpr;nrd;W> re;jpapypUe;J ,lg;Gwk; jpUk;gp Ff;FNy fq;ifia mile;J
mq;F fhzg;gLk; Xlk; trjpahy; bugy;fhu; gpuptpid nrd;wilayhk;.
2.2.1 jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfs; cs;slq;Ffpd;w epu;thfg; gpuNjrq;fs;
khfhz rig Nky; khfhzk; khtl;lk; fSj;Jiw gpuNjr nrayhsu; gpupT Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr rig gpuNjrk; Gsj;rpq;fs
fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju; gpupT guhnfhil fpof;F (825V) fpuhkk; c];f;ntsp Njhl;l bgy;fhu; gpupT
fPOs;s ml;ltiz jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfs; cs;slq;Ffpd;w epu;thf gpuNjrq;fis
tpupthf $Wfpd;wJ. gpuNjrj;jpd; epu;thf gpupTfis fhl;Lk; tiuglk;
gpz;zpizg;G VI.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
ml;ltiz 2.3: jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfs; cs;slq;Ffpd;w epu;thf gpuNjrq;fs;
jpl;lj;jpd; $Wfs; fp.c gpupT gp.nr gpupT cs;Suhl;rp
rig
khtl;l
k;
Fsk; (,.f) nkhy;fht
Gsj;rpq;fs Gsj;rpq;fs
gpuNjr rig
fSj;J
iw
(t.f) guhnfhl fpof;F
miz (,.f) nkhy;fht
(t.f) guhnfhl fpof;F
jiyNahl;lf;
fhy;tha;> Kd;Flh>
kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyak;
guhnfhl fpof;F
kpd;flj;jw; jlk; guhnfhl fpof;F, nkhy;fht
ghij (i) guhnfhil Nkw;F, guhnfhl fpof;F
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 22
ghij (ii) nkhy;fht, guhnfhl fpof;F
2.2.2 jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; gug;G
,j;jpl;lkhdJ mjd; Fsg;gFjpapd; thw;gFjpapypUe;J kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyaj;jpypUe;J kPz;Lk; Mw;wpw;F ePiu tpLtpf;Fk; gFjp tiuapyhd Ff;FNy
fq;ifapd; tyJ fiuNahuj;jpD}lhf 820kP ePsKk; mjd; xJf;FGwq;fSk;
cs;slq;Fk; tifapy; gue;jpUf;fpd;wJ. jpl;lg; gpuNjrkhdJ fPOs;s
ml;ltizapy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ Nghy miz> jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;> Kd;Flh>
kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; vd;gd cs;slq;fyhf Vwj;jho 0.5678 n`f;.
epyg;gug;ig nfhz;Ls;sJ. epymsit tiuglk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.2 ,y;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,j;jpl;lj;jpdhy; cUthf;fg;gLk; rpwpa Fsj;jpd; gug;G 2.7n`f;.
MFk;. Fsg;gpuNjrj;jpd; mikg;G jpl;lj;jpd; miktpl tiuglk; (cU 2.5) kw;Wk;
jpl;l jstikg;G tiuglk; (cU 2.3) vd;gtw;wpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2.2.3 fUj;jpl;l jsj;jpd; cupj;Jilik
cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; epycupikahdJ murhq;fj;jplk; cs;sJld; (fhzp
kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FO) jdpahUf;F nrhe;jkhd ngUe;Njhl;l fk;gdp xd;wpdhy;
Kfhikj;Jtk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. mizf;fl;L> nfhz;Lnry;Yk; ghijapd; xU
gFjp> kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; xU gFjp vdgtw;wpd; fhzp tyJ fiuapd;
Mw;nwhJf;Fg; gFjpapy; mike;js;sJ. gpd;tUk; ml;ltiz 2.2 apy; fhzp
cupik njhlu;ghd tpguq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
ml;ltiz 2.2: fhzpg; gug;G kw;Wk; nrhj;Jilik tpguq;fs;
$W gug;G (ha) nrhj;Jilik
miz kw;Wk; ePnuLg;G
gFjp 0.0400
Mw;nwhJf;Fg; gFjp kw;Wk; fhzp
kWrPuikg;G Mizf;FO (jw;NghJ
c]f;ntyp Njhl;l bgy;fhu;
gpuptpdhy; Kfhikj;Jtk;
nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ).
jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; 0.3325
Kd;Flh> kw;Wk;
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; 0.1953
nkhj;jk; 0.5678
Fsk; 2.7000 MW kw;Wk; Mw;W
xJf;Fg;gpuNjrk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 23
cU 2.1: miktpl tiuglk; (1:50>000 tpguq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;)
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 24
cU 2.2: miktpl tiuglk; (1:10>000 tpguq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;)
Proposed transmission line
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 25
2.3 jpl;l jstiuglk;
rkjiuf; Nfhl;L tiuglk; xd;wpy; tiuag;gl;l jpl;l jstiuglk; cU 2.2 (1:10>000
tiuglk; kPJ)> cU 2.3 (Xl;Nlh fl; tiuglk;) kw;Wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.3 ,y;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
2.4 jpl;l tptuzk;
2.4.1 miz
a. cj;Njr mizapd; Gtp xUq;fpizg;Gfs;
miktplk; epyj;Njhw;w Gtp
xUq;fpizg;G GPS Gtp
xUq;fpizg;G
miz 157477.27 t 60 36’ 57” t 141711.44 fp 800 14’ 46” fp
b. cj;Njr ePu;j; jpirj;jpUg;Gk; mizapd; nghJ jstiuglk; kw;Wk; ePupay;
tbtikg;G jpl;lkhdJ Mw;wpd; Xl;lk; tifahdjhy;> mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; rPuhf;Fk;
nraw;ghLfSf;fhf rpwpastpyhd Nrkpg;Ng mtrpakhfpd;wJ. Ff;FNy fq;iff;F FWf;fhf
epu;khzpf;fg;gLk; 62kP ePsKk; Mff;$Ljyhf 2.5kP cauKk; cila mizahdJ xU
nfhq;wPl; GtpaPu;g;G tifahf tbtikf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jha;g;ghiwfspD}L nrYj;jg;gLk;
cUf;fpUk;G fk;gpfs; mizf;fl;bid mjd; mr;R topNa jha;g;ghiwAld;
eq;$ukpl;Litf;Fk; vd;gJld; Kiwahd Gtpapay; gupNrhjidfs; epu;khzg;gzpfs;
njhlq;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;djhf elhj;jg;gl;L ghiwahdJ mj;jpthuk; ,Ltjw;F
nghUj;jkhdjhf cs;sjh vdTk; fputl;bq; kw;Wk; mj;jpthu ];j;jpug;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
gupe;Jiug;Gfis Kd;itg;gjw;Fk; eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mizapd; fl;likg;gpy;
,uz;L ntspr;nrYj;Jk; gliyfSk; Rw;Wr;#oy; tpLtpg;gpw;fhd Vw;ghLfSk;
tbtikf;fg;gl;ld. mizapd; tise;j gFjpapy; kzy; gbT tpLtpf;Fk; gliy xd;W
toq;fg;gLk;.
,jd; tpisthf cUthf;fg;gLk; FskhdJ mizapypUe;J Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; 360kP tiu
tpahgpj;Jf; fhzg;gLk;. Fsg;gFjpapYs;s Mw;wq;fiufs; XusT rupT $baitahf
fhzg;gLtjhy; cw;gj;jp tskpf;f fhzpfs; %o;fbf;fg;gLtJ fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;L mw;wpd; ,U
fiuNahuq;fSf;F kl;LNk tiuaWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lkhdJ 49.5m3/s vd njupT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJld; ,J 10% Md mjpfupg;ig fhl;Lfpd;wJ. NtnwhU tifapy;
$Wtjhdhy;> mizg;gFjpapy; ePNuhl;lk; tUlj;jpy; 36 ehl;fSf;F tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lj;ij
tplTk; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. mizahdJ fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 15.0kP ,w;F cau; kl;lj;ij
NgZk; tifapy; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. Mw;wpd; tyJ fiug;gFjpapy; jiyNahl;lf;fhy;thapDs;
ePiu jpir jpUg;Gtjw;fhf xU ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ tbtikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. miz kw;Wk;
ePu;j;Njf;f tpguq;fs; gpz;zpizg;G VI.4 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
c. Mw;Wg; gLf;ifapypUe;J mizapd; cr;r cauk;
Mw;Wg; gLf;ifapypUe;J mizapd; cr;r cauk; Vwj;jho 2.5kP MFk;.
d. mizapd; FWf;Fntl;LKfj; Njhw;wk;
mizapd; FWf;Fntl;LKfj; Njhw;wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.4(i) ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
e. mizapd; ePs;ntl;LKfj; Njhw;wk;
mizapd; ePs;ntl;LKfj; Njhw;wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.4(ii) ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
f. mizapd; miktplj;jpd; njspthd glk; mizapd; miktplj;jpd; njspthd glk; Gifg;glk; 2.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 26
cU 2.3: rkTauf;Nfhl;L tiuglj;jpy; tiuag;gl;l jstiuglk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 27
Gifg;glk; 2.1: cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; miktplk;
g. fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J mizapd; cau;kl;lk; kPw;wu;fspy; (miktplk;
Fwpj;Jf;fhl;lg;glNtz;Lk;)
fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J mizapd; cau;kl;lk; 15.0 kPw;wu;fs; MFk;. miktplkhdJ
cU 2.3 kw;Wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.3: rkTauf;Nfhl;L tiuglj;jpy; Fwpf;fg;gl;Ls;s
jpl;l tiuglj;jpy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
2.4.2 jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;
a. cj;Njr fhy;thapd; ePsk;> mfyk;> kw;Wk; cauk;
jiyNahl;lf; fhy;thahdJ nrt;tfTUthdJk; kPs;tYthf;fg;gl;l nfhq;wPl;
fl;likg;ghfTk; nghWj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssTf;nfjpuhd tPjg;gLj;jg;gl;l
ePNuhl;lj;jpw;F mikthf fhzg;gLk;. nkhj;j fhy;tha; ePsk; 310kP Mf
fhzg;gLtJld; nrt;tfTUthd FWf;Fntl;L kfj;ij cila ,J 8kP mfyKk;
4.8kP cauj;ijAk; 0.3kP RahjPd gFjpiaAk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;. ePiur;nrYj;Jk;
fhy;tha; Mw;wpd; tyJ fiuapy; nkd;ikahd ruptpy; rkTauf;Nfhl;by;
mike;Js;sJld;> ,g;ghij Mff;Fiwe;j mfo;T Ntiyfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
tifapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;lJ. fhy;thapd; Njitahd gFjpfspy; ePu;-fhz;fs;
mikf;fg;gLk;.
jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; ghijapd; khjpupahd epyg;gad;ghl;L tbtk; Gifg;glk; 2.2
,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; ghijapd; jlk; cU 2.3: jpl;l
tiuglj;jpYk; mjd; khjpupahd Njhw;wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.5 ,Yk; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
miz mr;R
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 28
Gifg;glk; 2.2: jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; jlj;jpd; epyg;gad;ghl;L tbtk;
2.4.3 rupTf;Foha;
ePuhdJ Kd;Flh jhq;fpapypUe;J Neubahf kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;F
nrYj;jg;gLtjhy; rupTf;Foha; xd;wpd; Njit Vw;gltpy;iy.
2.4.4 kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;
a. cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; Gtp xUq;fpizg;Gfs;
miktplk; epyj;Njhw;w
xUq;fpizg;G GPS xUq;fpizg;G
kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyak; 157183.22 t 60 36’ 49” t
141321.31 fp 800 14’ 39” fp
b. nghUj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssT (kW/ MW) kw;Wk; tUlhe;j ruhrup rf;jptY
ntspaPL (MWh /GWh)
kpd;Dw;gj;jp njhFjpapd; nghUj;jg;gl;l nfhs;ssT 2.3nk.th MfTk; tUlhe;j
rf;jptY ntspaPL 11.38 [p.th.kzp. MfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
c. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; tif> gpupTfs;> khbfs;> ePsk; kw;Wk; mfyk;
jpl;lg; gFjpapd; mikg;ig fUj;jpw; nfhz;Lk; kw;Wk; kpd;gpwg;ghf;fpfSf;F
ePiur;nrYj;Jtjw;F Nkyjpfkhd nrYj;Jk; fl;likg;Gfis jtpu;g;gjw;fhfTk;
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyakhdJ Kd;Flhj; jhq;fpapd; KbtpNyNa mikf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyakhdJ rfy tpjkhd kpd;-,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fisAk;> mjhtJ
Roypfs;> kpd; gpwg;ghf;fpfs;> thy;Tfs; kw;Wk; fl;Lg;ghl;L gyiffs;> ghue;J}f;fp
kw;Wk; Vida midj;j njhlu;Gila njhFjpfs; kw;Wk; ,ae;jputgfuzq;fis
cs;slf;ff;$ba tifapy; tbtikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; kpd;
gpwg;ghf;fp tiuapyhd jsk; tiu gupkhzq;fshf 8.0kP mfyk;> 21.8kP ePsk;>
kw;Wk; 13.8kP cauk; MFk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; gy;yLf;F fl;blkhf
fhzg;gLfpd;wJld; (gpz;zpizg;G VI.6), cau; nts;sg;ngUf;fpid jhq;Fk;
tifapyhd kPs; cWjpahf;fg;gl;l ePu;g;GfhjthW mikf;fg;gl;l nfhq;wPl;
fl;likg;ghf fhzg;gLk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; ntspr;Rtu; cau;
jiyNahl;lf;
fhy;tha;
jlk;
Njhl;l ghij
kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiya
miktplk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 29
nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lj;ij tplTk; cau;j;jg;gLk;> kw;Wk; jw;NghJs;s jiu
kl;lj;jpw;F cau;j;jp nghUj;jg;gLk;. ,ae;jpu jskhdJ kPs;tYthf;fg;gl;l nfhq;wPl;
MFk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; nfhs;ifastpyhd tbtikg;G kw;Wk;
kpd;gpwg;ghf;fpfspd; xOq;fikg;G vd;gd gpz;zpizg;G VI.6 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJld; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; miktplk; Gifg;glk; 2.3 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
d. Mspj;jsq;fs;> Roypapd; tif> myFfspd; vz;zpf;if> tPjg;gLj;jg;gl;l
Ntfk;
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;> fg;yhd; tiff;Fwpa epiyf;Fj;jhd mr;Rila ,ul;il
jhdhf rPuhf;fg;gLk; 1200fp.th cila 2 myF RoypfisAk; xd;wpize;j
1350kVA cl;gFjpapNyNa mikf;fg;gl;l J}z;bfis nfhz;l
cw;gj;jpahf;fpfisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. Roypfspd; tPjg;gLj;jg;gl;l Ntfk; 300rpm MFk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; Vida cgfuzq;fshtd cl;nrYj;Jk; thy;T>
ftu;du; vz;nza; mKf;fj; njhFjp> kj;jpk kpd;dOj;j MspKLf;fp> jho; mOj;j
Mspg;gyif> fl;Lg;ghL> fz;fhzpg;G kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gj; njhFjp kw;Wk;
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya jiyNky; ghue;J}f;fp vd;gdthFk;. ,kpr apd;
Njitf;Nfw;whw;Nghy KOikahd G59 ghJfhg;Gj;njhFjp cs;slf;fg;gLk;.
cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl;l kpd;rhukhdJ kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;F ntspNa
mikf;fg;gl;l ,uz;L 415V ‐33kV, 1400kVA gbcau; epiykhw;wpfis nfhz;l
Mspj;jsj;jpD}lhf Njrpa kpd;tiyaikg;gpDs; nrYj;jg;gLk;. 33 kV kpd;flj;jw; jlj;jpd; KbTf; nfhGukhdJ Mspj;jsj;jpy; mikf;fg;gLk;.
e. ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp njhFjpapd; tbtikg;G tpLtpg;G
ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp njhFjpapd; tbtikg;G tpLtpg;G 49.5m3/s MFk;.
f. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; kw;Wk; ntsptpLk; gFjpapd; njspthd Gifg;glk;
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; miktpl Gifg;glk; 2.3 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. Gifg;glk; 2.3: cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; miktplk;
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd;
miktplk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 30
2.4.5 thNyhl;lf; fhy;tha;
a. cj;Njr fhy;thapd; ePsk;> mfyk;> kw;Wk; cauk;
,q;F ePuhdJ kpd;Dw;gj;jpapd; gpd;du; xU buhg;l; FohapD}lhfTk; gpd;du;
Vwj;jho 9kP ePskhd Mw;wpNdhL cs;s thNyhl;lf; fhy;tha; xd;wpD}lhfTk;
kPz;Lk; Mw;wpw;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. thNyhl;lf; fhy;thapd; xOq;fikg;G
jstiuglj;jpy; (cU 2.3;, gpz;zpizg;G VI.3 kw;Wk gpz;zpizg;G VI.6) ,y;
fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2.4.6 kpd;flj;jw; jlk;
a. kpd;flj;jy; kpd;dOj;jk;
kpd;flj;jy; kpd;dOj;jk; 33kV.
b. kpd;flj;jw; jlj;jpd; ePsk;
kpd;flj;jw; jlkhdJ Mspj;jsj;jpypUe;J nkhy;fht-nfypd;fe;j ghijapD}Nl
(Ff;FNy fq;if kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya ghij) jw;NghJs;s ,kpr ,d; cauOj;j
kpd;flj;jw; jlj;Jld; ,izf;Fk; tifapy; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. ,izj;njhLg;G
Gs;sp ,g;ghijapy; mike;js;s fpl;ba kpd;khw;wpahf miktJld;> kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyaj;jpypUe;J J}uk; mz;zsthf 500kP MFk;.
jpl;lj;jpw;fhf xJf;fg;gl;l tsq;fis kpfTk; jpwzhf gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd rptpy; NtiyfSf;F rkhe;jukhf 33kV kpd;flj;jw; jlkhdJ
,kpr ,d; Nkw;ghu;itapd; fPo; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;.
c. kpd;flj;jw; ghijapd; CNl fhzp cupik (kpd;flj;jw; jlj;jpd;
mDkjpf;fg;gl;l tiuglk; toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;) Mspj;jsj;jpy; ,Ue;J Muk;gpf;Fk; kpd;flj;jw; jlkhdJ Mw;iw fle;J nkhy;fht
fp.c.gp ,y; cs;s NghfhN`d fpuhkj;jpy; cs;s Mw;wpd; topna nry;Yk;
ghijapD}Nl nrd;W nkhy;fht-nfypd;fe;j ghijapD}lhfr; nrd;W ,.kp.r apd;
jw;NghJs;s kpd;khw;wpia nrd;wilAk;. kpd;flj;jw; jlj;jpd; tiuglk; cU 2.2
kw;Wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.3 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mw;W ghij kw;Wk; jw;ghJs;s
kpd;khw;wp vd;gd Gifg;glk; 2.4 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. Gifg;glk; 2.4: Mw;Wg;ghij kw;Wk; nkhy;fht-nfypd;fe;j ghijapy; mike;Js;s
jw;Nghija kpd;khw;wp
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 31
2.4.7 jw;fhypf fl;likg;Gfs;
a. jw;fhypf mizfs;> xg;ge;j Ntiyahl;fs; kw;Wk; nghwpapayhsu;fspd;
jpl;l mYtyfq;fs;> xg;ge;j Ntiyahl;fspd; Nrkpg;G fl;blq;fs; kw;Wk; Nrkpg;G
jsq;fs;> Nrkpg;G Ftpay; gFjpfs;> jw;fhypf fy; mfOk; jsq;fs;> njhopyhsu;
Kfhk;fs; kw;Wk; ,f;fl;likg;GfSf;fhd ghijfs;
miz kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; epu;khz trjpf;fhf jw;fhypf mizfs;
epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. xg;ge;j Ntiyahl;fs; kw;Wk; nghwpapayhsu;fspd; jpl;l
mYtyfq;fs; Ntiyj; jsj;jpw;F mUNf $ypf;F mku;j;jg;gl;l tPLfspy;
mikf;fg;gLk;. rpwpa Ntiyj;js mYtyfq;fs; kw;Wk; fsQ;rpa miwfs; kl;LNk
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;F mUNf mikf;fg;gLtJld; kpd;dpiya ghijNa
,jw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
2.5 epu;khz Kiwapay;
2.5.1 Ntiyj;jsj;ij jahu;g;gLj;jy;
jpl;lg;gFjpia jahu;g;gLj;Jk; Ntiyfs; gpujhdkhf kdpjtsj;jpid gad;gLj;jp
nra;ag;gLk;. ghuk;Fiwe;j mfo;T ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida kz; mfo;T
,ae;jpuq;fs; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;fhd
ghiwfspd; ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l ntbj;jy; El;gq;fis
gad;gLj;jp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
2.5.2 jpl;lj;jpd; Kd;dhd kw;Wk; gpd;duhd epu;khz eltbf;iffs;
epu;khzj;jpw;F Kd;duhd eltbf;iffs; gpujhdkhf mbj;js Gs;spfis Fwpj;jy;>
kj;jpa NfhLfis Fwpj;jy;> epu;khzj;jpw;F Njitahd gFjpfis ntspg;gLj;jy;
vd;gdthFk;. jpl;lj;jpw;F Njitahd rfy fhzpfSk; epu;khzj;jpw;F Kd;du;
RtPfupf;fg;gLk;.
2.5.3 jw;fhypf fl;blq;fs; cl;gl Vida epu;khz eltbf;iffs;
NkNy tpgupf;fg;gl;lJ Nghy Vida jw;fhypf fl;likg;Gfshf gpujhdkhf
Ntiyj;jpl;lg; gFjpapy; mikf;fg;gLk; mYtyfq;fs; kw;Wk; fsQ;rpa miwfs;
vd;gdthFk;
2.5.4 gad;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;ba nghUl;fs;
gad;gLj;j vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; nghUl;fs; fPNo gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sd: 1. miz kw;Wk; ePu;j;Njf;fk;
nfhq;wPl;
kPs;tYthf;fg;gl;l,Uk;G
,Uk;G gliyfs;
2. jiyNahl;l fhy;tha; kw;Wk; Kd;Flh fl;likg;G nfhq;wPl; kPs;tYthf;fg;gl;l,Uk;G
3. rf;jp cs;sPL
nfhq;wPl; kPs;tYthf;fg;gl;l,Uk;G
,Uk;G Foha;fs; 4. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;
mbj;jsj;jpw;fhf nfhq;wPl; kw;Wk; kPs;tYthf;fg;gl;l ,Uk;G rPnke;J fw;fspdhy; Md Rtu;fs; kw;Wk; nfhq;wPl; J}z;fs;
5. ghijfs; kz; ghij
6. kpd;flj;jw; jlq;fs;
nfhq;wPl; fk;gq;fs;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 32
mYkpdpak; kpd;flj;jw; jlq;fs;
2.5.5 nghUl;fs; / cgfuzq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; nfhz;Lnry;yy; kw;Wk; nghUj;Jjy;
vy;yh nghUl;fSk; rpwpa bg;gu;fs; / nyhwpfs; %yk; Ntiyj;jpl;lg; gFjpf;F
vLj;Jr;nry;yg;gLk;. jpwe;j kl;lkhd nyhwpfs; %yk; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLk; cgfuzq;fs; Ntiyj;
jpl;lg;gFjpf;F nfhz;Lnry;yg;gl;L kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpy; nghUj;jg;gl;Ls;s
ghue;J}f;fpapd; %yk; fPopwf;fg;gLk;.
2.5.6 gad;gLj;jg;gltpUf;Fk; njhopEl;gq;fs; kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;
As discussed earlier, priority will be given to the manual excavations. Light weighted excavators and other equipment machineries will be employed where necessary. For rock excavations, drilling will be carried out by jack hammers. Compressed air will be used and compressors will be made available at site. Concreting will be carried out by conventional method and mixing will be done using concrete mixers. Plywood panel formworks will be used for concrete formwork.
Vw;fdNt fye;Jiuahlg;gl;lJ Nghy> kdpjdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; mfo;T
NtiyfSf;F Kd;Dupik toq;fg;gLk;. ghuk;Fiwe;j mfo;T ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk;
Vida kz; mfo;T ,ae;jpuq;fs; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
ghiwfis JisapLjy; cQw;Wk; Rj;jpay;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
mKf;fg;gl;l tsp gad;gLj;jg;gLk; kw;Wk; jpl;lg; gFjpapy; mKf;fthf;fpfs;
nghUj;jg;gLk;. nfhq;wPl; fyhr;rhu Kiw %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; kw;Wk;
fyitahdJ nfhq;wPl; fyitahf;fpfs; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. nfhq;wPl;
rl;lfj;jpw;F xl;Lg;gyif rl;lfk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
2.6 epu;khz eltbf;iffs; fhuzkhf jupf;fg;glNtz;ba kuq;fspd; vz;zpf;if (,dg;ngau;fs;> cauk; kw;Wk; Rw;wsT )
ngUk;ghyhd Ntiyfs; jpwe;j ntspapy; eilngwtpUg;gjhy; epu;khz
eltbf;iffs; fhuzkhf ve;jnthU kuq;fSk; (10r.kP f;F Nky; Rw;wsit
nfhz;lit ku;fshf tiutpyf;fdg;gLj;jg;gLk;) jupf;fg;glNtz;ba mtrpak;
,y;iy.
2.7 mtj;ijfshf gpupf;fg;gl;l mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fs; ,Ug;gpd; mit gw;wpa
tpguq;fSk; fhy ml;ltizAk;
mtj;ijf;Fwpa vt;tpjkhd mgptUj;jp jpl;lKk; ,y;iy.
Kd; Maj;jq;fSf;fhd (mDkjpfs; kw;Wk; fhzp RtPfupg;G Nghd;wd.)
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; fhyk; 3 khjq;fs; MFk; vd;gJld; rptpy; NtiyfSf;fhd
epu;khzf; fhyk; 12 khjq;fs; MFk;. kpd; kw;Wk; ,ae;jpu NtiyfSf;fhd fhyk;
5 khjq;fs; mFk;. jpl;lj;jpid mKyhf;Fk; fhy epakq;fs; ml;ltiz 2.3 ,y;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 33
ml;ltiz 2.3: jpl;lj;jpid mKyhf;Fk; fhy epakq;fs;
nraw;ghL
Neuk; (khjk;)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20fhzp
Rj;jg;gLj;jy;>
ghij
tq;fp fld;
fhzp RtPfupg;G
Royp nfhs;tdT rha;TFoha;
nfhs;tdT
rptpy; Ntiy rha;TFoha;
nghWj;Jjy; kpd; ,ae;jputpay;
Ntiy ,kpr apdhy;
kpd;jlk;
nghWj;jy;
njhlq;Fjy;
2.8 jpl;lj;jpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; / Njitg;gLk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs;
VJkpUg;gpd; (ghijfs; Nghd;wd.)
Gjpa ghijnahd;W kpd;dpiyak; kw;Wk; mizf;F epu;khzpf;fg;gLtJld; jw;NghJ
fhzg;gLk; fpuhk ghij Gzuikf;fg;gLk;.
kpd;dpiyaj;jpy; epue;jukhd trjpfs; vw;gLj;jg;gLk; tiu gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J
,uz;L tPLfs; thliff;F mku;j;jg;gLk;.
2.9 %yjdKk; KjyPLfSk; / jpl;lj;jpd; nryT epytuk; / jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j nryit Fwpg;gpLf
fzpf;fg;gl;l jpl;lj;jpd; nkhj;j nryT 690 kpy;ypad; ,.&gha;fs; MFk;.
tha;g;Gghu;f;Fk; Ma;tpd; NghJ> mgptpUj;jpahsu; fUj;jpl;l %yjd gFg;gha;tpid
Nkw;nfhz;L %yjd fl;likg;G gpNuupf;fg;gl;lJld;> %yjd gFg;gha;tpd; RUf;fk;
ml;ltiz 2.4 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 34
ml;ltiz 2.4: fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; %yjd gFg;gha;tpd; fl;likg;G kw;Wk; RUf;fk;
(a) %yjd fl;likg;G KjyPl;L %yk; njhif (kpy;ypad; ,.&) %rkhdk; 276 40 ePz;l fhy fld; 414 60 nkhj;jk; 690 100
(b) fUj;jpl;l gz Gsq;fy;
Mz;L
tUkhdk;
tpw;gid tup @ 1%
Njwpa tUkhdk;
nr.
& guhkupg;G
nryT
nraw;gLj;jy;
,yhgk;
Dep
reciation
fld; kPjhd tl;b
tupf;F Kjyhd
,yhgk;
tuptpjpg;G
Njwpa ,yhgk;
gz Gdq;fy;
jpl;lj;jpd; gzg;
Gsq;fy;
fld; kPsr;nrYj;jy;
Njwpa gzg;
Gsq;fy;
(449.7) (135.0) 1 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 44.9 98.7 98.7 126.3 171.2 50.6 75.7
2 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 39.7 103.9 103.9 131.5 171.2 55.8 75.7 3 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 34.0 109.6 109.6 137.2 171.2 61.5 75.7 4 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 27.8 115.8 115.8 143.4 171.2 67.7 75.7 5 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 20.9 122.7 122.7 150.3 171.2 74.6 75.7 6 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 13.3 130.3 15.6 114.7 142.3 155.6 82.2 60.1 7 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 4.9 138.7 16.6 122.1 149.7 154.6 90.6 59.1 8 197.9 2.0 195.9 24.7 171.2 27.6 ‐ 143.6 17.2 126.4 154.0 154.0 ‐ 154.0 9 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 10 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 11 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 12 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 13 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 14 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 15 88.9 0.9 88.0 24.7 63.3 27.6 ‐ 35.7 4.3 31.4 59.0 59.0 ‐ 59.0 16 59.5 0.6 58.9 24.7 34.2 27.6 ‐ 6.6 0.8 5.8 33.4 33.4 ‐ 33.4 17 59.5 0.6 58.9 24.7 34.2 27.6 ‐ 6.6 0.8 5.8 33.4 33.4 ‐ 33.4 18 59.5 0.6 58.9 24.7 34.2 27.6 ‐ 6.6 0.8 5.8 33.4 33.4 ‐ 33.4 19 59.5 0.6 58.9 24.7 34.2 27.6 ‐ 6.6 0.8 5.8 33.4 33.4 ‐ 33.4 20 59.5 0.6 58.9 24.7 34.2 27.6 ‐ 6.6 0.8 5.8 33.4 33.4 ‐ 33.4 cs;sf jpUk;gy; tPjk; (IRR) 20% 36% jpl;lk; rkhdkhd
%yjd gzg;gha;r;ry;
(CCF) 1,900.4 1,231.9
Njwpa jw;Nghija ngWkjp
(NPV) 197.0 127.7
(c) cWj;jzu;T gFg;gha;T jpl;lk; IRR NPV (r*= 12%)a. rhjhuzk; 20% 197.0 b. 10% ,dhy; nryT mjpfupf;fg;gl;lJ 18% 197.5 c. 10% ,dhy; tUkhdk; Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ 17% 173.2d. (b) kw;Wk; (c) ,uz;Lk; 15% 173.7
rkhdk; a. rhjhuzk; 36% 127.7b. 10% ,dhy; nryT mjpfupf;fg;gl;lJ 36% 128.2c. 10% ,dhy; tUkhdk; Fiwf;fg;gl;lJ 27% 103.9 d. (b) kw;Wk; (c) ,uz;Lk; 27% 104.4
*r – fopT tPjk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 35
2.10 nraw;gLj;Jk; Kiwapay;
2.10.1 ePu;g; gad;ghl;L ml;ltiz> fPohw;Wg;gFjpf;F tpLtpf;fg;glNtz;ba msT
,j;jfty;fs; gpupT 4.2.5 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
2.10.2 jpUj;j kw;Wk; guhkupg;G eltbf;iffs;
njhlu;r;rpahd gupNrhjid epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; cUthf;fg;gLk; kw;Wk; rpwpastpyhd
jpUj;j Ntiyfs; Ntiyj;jsj;jpNyNa Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
2.10.3 tz;ly; gbtfw;Wk; Njitg;ghLfs; / jlitfSldhd Vw;ghLfs;
,j;jpl;lkhdJ ROR (Mw;wpd; Xl;lk;) tiff;Fwpajhf tbtikf;fg;gLtjhy;
mizapy; nghUj;jkhd tz;ly; gbtfw;Wk; xOq;fikg;Gfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
nghUj;jkhd gliy xOq;fikg;Gfs; %yk; Kiwahd tz;ly;gbtfw;wy;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. tpguq;fs; gpz;zpizg;G VI.4: mizapd; tpguq;fs; ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
2.10.4 mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk; (gliyfis jpwj;jy; / nts;sg;ngUf;F vr;rupf;if Nghd;wd)
cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; fPohw;Wg; gFjpahdJ Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; njhlu;r;rpahFk;.
fpuhk kf;fs; jkJ md;whl NjitfSf;fhf – ePuhLjy;> fOTjy;> Nghf;Ftuj;J>
kPd;gpb eltbf;iffSf;fhf gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. ,tu;fs; jw;NghJ ,.kp.r apd;
Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpdhy; rLjpahf tpLtpf;fg;gLk; ePNuhl;lq;fis
jtpu;g;gjw;F 2003k; Mz;by; ,Ue;J gof;fg;gl;Ls;sdu;. cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp
jpl;lj;jpdhy; mNj msthd ePu;tpLtpg;Ng Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
Ff;FNy fq;ifapypUe;J rhjhuz nraw;gLj;jy; epiyikapd; NghJk;>
nts;sg;ngUf;fpd;NghJk; KOikahd ePu; tpLtpg;ghdJ ,.kp.r apdhy;
nfhz;Lelhj;jg;gLk;. cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ ,t; ePu; Kfhikj;Jt njhopw;gLj;jypy;
vt;tpj jhf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jg;Nghtjpy;iy.
Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr> ,.kp.r.> ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fsk; kw;Wk; mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt
epiyak; (DMC) vd;gtw;why; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; nts;sf; fl;Lg;ghl;L
njhopEl;gq;fSf;F jpl;l mgptpUj;jpahsu; jkJ gq;fspg;ig toq;Fthu;.
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya jpl;lj;jpy; ikaq;nfhz;Ls;s cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;
njhlu;gLj;jy; Kiwfspy; mwpT+l;lg;gLthu;fs;. mNjNghy> gp.nr mdu;j;j
Kfhikj;jt FOTk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Vw;glf;$ba mdu;j;jq;fs;
njhlu;ghf mwpTWj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya jpl;lj;jpy;
ikaq;nfhz;Ls;s cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs; gp.nr mdu;j;j Kfhikj;jt FOtpw;F
Vw;glf;$ba mdu;j;jq;fs; njhlu;ghf cldbahf jfty;fis toq;Fthu;fs;.
mjw;F mg;ghy;> Ff;FNy fq;ifapypUe;J rljpahf tpLtpf;fg;gLk; ePu; njhlu;ghf
cldb fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; trpf;Fk; fpuhkj;jtu;fSf;F mwptpf;Fk; tifapy;
Kd;$l;ba mgha mwptpg;G njhFjp (myhuk; njhFjp) xd;W mikf;fg;gLk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 36
3. jw;Nghija #oy; njhlu;ghd tpsf;fk;
Ma;Tg; gpuNjrk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; Ma;tpw;fhf njupTnra;ag;gl;l Gtpapay; gpuNjrk; ToR ,y; gpd;tUkhW tiuaWf;fg;gLfpd;wJ:
jpl;lg;gpuNjrk; (mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapypUe;J thw;fhy;tha; gFjp tiuAk;
kw;Wk; kpd;flj;jw; jlk; ghij)
jpl;lj;jpd; nry;thf;fpw;F cl;gLk; gFjp
nry;thf;fpw;F cl;gLk; gFjp mbf;fb> vg;NghJk; ,y;yhtpbDk;> khWgLtjhfTk;>
jhf;Fk; fhuzpfspy; (Neubahd kw;Wk; kiwKfkhd) kw;Wk; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
%ytsq;fspYk; jq;fpapUf;fpd;wJ. ,it nghJthf rpf;fyhdjhfTk; jpl;lg;
gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J Fwpg;gpl;l J}uj;jpw;F kpf mupjhf kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. mjdhy;> ,t; EIA ,d; Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf> #oy; MNyhru;fspd;
FOthdJ fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s mtw;Wf;Fwpa gpupTfspy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ Nghy
ngsjPf> #oypay; kw;Wk; r%f-nghUshjhu #oy;fspd; kPJ Vw;glf;$ba
jhf;fq;fspd; tif kw;Wk; tPr;R vd;gtw;iw fUj;jpw;nfhz;L Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;ij
tpupTgLj;Jtjw;F jPu;khdpj;jhu;fs;.
3.1 ngsjPf #oy;
3.1.1 jiuj;Njw;wk;
Ff;FNy fq;ifahdJ ehl;bd; Nkw;F gFjpapD}lhf flYf;Fs; NrUk;
fSfq;ifapd; gpujhdkhdnjhU fpis ejpfspy; xd;whFk;. ,t; ejpahdJ
rpq;fuh[ tdj;jpd; fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 2000kP ruhrup cauKila njd;Nkw;F
ruptpypUe;J cw;gj;jpahfpd;wJ. cj;Njr rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;l gpuNjrkhdJ fly;
kl;lj;jpypUe;J 8kP kw;Wk; 25kP fSf;fpilapy; mike;Js;sJ. jpl;lj;jpd;
%ytskhf miktJ Ff;FNy fq;ifahFk;. ,J mjd; cau; gFjpfspy; gy
fpisahWfspdhy; Nghrpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jpl;lj;jpd; Muk;gpf;Fk; Gs;spahdJ
uhnfhil ghyj;jpypUe;J 2fp.kP Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. miz gFjp
tiuahd ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrk; Vwj;jho 372km2. gpuNjrkhdJ kj;jpk rupT tpspk;Gfs; kw;Wk; gs;sjhf;Ffis nfhz;l
miyAUthd epyj;Njhw;wtikg;ig tpNrl ,ay;ghf nfhz;Ls;sJ (cU 3.1).
gpuNjrj;jpd; rha;thdJ fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J mz;zsthf 25kP njhlf;fk; 250kP
tiu gpujhdkhf miyAUthd mikg;ig nfhz;Ls;sJ.
Ff;FNy fq;ifahdJ xg;gPl;lstpy; mfykhd nkd;rha;T gs;sjhf;fpD}lhf>
miz kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya gpuNjrj;jpy; Vwj;jho fpof;fpypUe;J Nkw;fhf
ClWj;J gha;fpd;wJ. jpl;lj;Jld; njhlu;Gila rfy fl;likg;GfSk; Ff;FNy
fq;ifapd; tyJ fiu rha;Tg;gFjpapNyNa mikf;fg;gltpUf;fpd;wd. ,r;ruptpd;
njhlu;r;rpahd Nghf;fhdJ ,ilapilNa fhzg;gLk; rpwpa kw;Wk; kj;jpk
mstpyhd rha;tpd; FWf;Nf fhzg;Lk; gs;sj;jhf;Ffs; %yk;
cilf;fg;gl;bUg;gJld; ,w;wpd; CNl kz;zupg;G Vw;gLfpd;wJ. ,J cgNkw;gug;G
Gtpapay; kw;Wk; fl;likg;Gld; njhlu;Gila ghuk;gupakhd ,ay;ghFk;.
gpuNjrkhdJ Ks;SUthd tbfhyikg;G njhFjpia ,ay;ghf nfhz;Ls;sJ.
,lJ fiuNahu ruptpd; nghJthd rha;T tPjk; 30° Mf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk;>
rpy ,lq;fspy; rupTf; Nfhzk; nghJthd ,ay;gpypUe;J $LjyhfNth my;yJ
FiwthfNth NtWghl;il fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 37
cU 3.1: jiuj;Njhw;w tiuglk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 38
3.1.2 Gtpapay;
gpuNjrj;jpd; nghJthd Gtpapay; Gtpapay; uPjpahf> cj;Njr jpl;lg; gpuNjrkhdJ ,yq;ifapd; cau;epyj;
njhFjpf;FwpajhfTk; (HC)> gspq;FU juj;jpw;Fwpa cUkhwpa ghiwfshd>
gNahill; N`hu;d;gpnsd;l; f;id];> rhu;Ndhifl; f;id];> rhu;Ndhifl; gNahill;
f;id];> fhu;ndl; rpypkidl; gNahill; f;id];> kw;Wk; Fthu;l;irl;; vd;gtw;iw
nfhz;Ls;sJ (cU3.2). ,g;ghiwfs; tNk-njfp jpirahf ruptile;Jk;> nj-Nk
jpirahf $basT mkpOk; Nfhzq;fisAk; nfhz;Ls;sd. ,t; ghiwfs;
Md;bNghu;k; fl;likg;gpd; njd; Nkw;F fuj;jpd; gpuNjrj;ij
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. ,g; ghiwfspd; fuq;fs; NkYk; rpW kbg;Gfshf
kbg;gile;Js;sd. cU 3.2 MdJ jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;ij #o;e;Js;s gpuhe;jpa Gtpapay;
tiuglkhf fhzg;gLtJld; ,J GS&MB ,dhy; ntspaplg;gl;l 1:100,000 mstpilAila nfhOk;G-,uj;jpdGup Gtpapay; tiuglj;jpd; ,y.16 jhspypUe;J
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
gpuNjrj;jpd; rpf;fyhd fl;likg;G uPjpahd ,ay;G fhuzkhf> jha;g;ghiwapd;
cs;sPLfs; jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; mNj ntspg;gLj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;l gFjpfspy;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsT NtWghl;il fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mjdhy;> gpuNjrj;jpy; Fthu;l;Nrh
ngy;l;];ngj;jpf; f;id]; gilfis mtjhdpf;fyhk;. jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; ghiwfs;>
,it XusT kw;Wk; fLikahf thdpiyaopjYf;F cs;shfpapUf;fpd;wd. jpl;lg;
gpuNjrj;jpd; ghiwfspy; ,uz;L nehUq;fw; njhFjpfs; mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; ghiwfspy; gutyhf fhzg;gLfpd;w ,t; nehUq;fw;
njhFjpfspd; tpguq;fs; gpd;tUkhW:
,y. nehUq;fw; jpir / rupTf; Nfhzk;
nehUq;fy;
mlu;j;jp Fwpg;Gfs;
1
t600fp/0900
3 / kP
ghupa nehUq;fy;; XusT jpwe;j njhFjp>
nehUq;fy; jsj;jpD}Nl fsprhu;e;j kw;Wk;
tz;ly; ,il epug;gy;fSldhd nkd;ikahdJ
njhlf;fk; kj;jpkkhd thdpiyaopjy;.
2
t300Nk/0900
3 / kP
rpwpa nehUq;fy;; XusT jpwe;j njhFjp>
nehUq;fy; jsj;jpD}Nl fsprhu;e;j kw;Wk;
tz;ly; ,il epug;gy;fSldhd nkd;ikahdJ
njhlf;fk; kj;jpkkhd thdpiyaopjy;.
gpuNjrj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j Gtpapay; ,ay;Gfs;> cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; rptpy;
fl;likg;Gfspdhy; %lg;gl;bUf;Fk;> ,it fPNo cs;s gpupTfspy;
tpgupf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.
mizg;gFjp
mizg;gFjpahdJ Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; t.-nj. jpirapy; mike;j Vwj;jho Neuhd
xU tisTf;F rpy kPw;wu;fs; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ (glk; 3.1).
caustpy; gpstpw;Fl;gl;l> kj;jpkkhf kw;Wk; ghupastpy; thdpiyaopjYf;Fl;gl;l
kw;Wk; $Ljyhf ,izf;fg;gl;l> gNahill;bf; gilfis nfhz;l fhu;dbngu];
Fthu;l;Nrh ngy;l;ngj;jpf; f;id]; ghiwfs; Mw;wpd; jsj;jpy;
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJld;> cj;Njr mizg;gFjpapd; Mw;Wj;jsj;jpYk;
mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. rpy tpyfpa kw;Wk; ,lk;ngau;f;fg;gl;l ghiwfs;
(1kP X 1kP X 1kP) mizf;fl;Lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; jha;g;ghiw ntspg;ghLfspy;
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld. ghiw ntspaPLfs; miz mr;rpd; kj;jpa gFjpapy; Mw;wpd;
jw;NghJs;s ePu;kl;lj;ij tplTk; NkNy ePl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,g; ghiw ntspaPLfs;
njd;Nkw;fhf 800 rupitf; nfhz;L mike;Js;sJ. ghiwapd; kbg;giltpd; rha;T
t 300Nk MFk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 39
cU 3.2: jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Gtpapay; tiuglk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 40
Gifg;glk; 3.1: jpl;lj;jpd; cj;Njr mizapd; miktplk;
. ,uz;L fiufSk; kj;jpkkhd rha;Tilathf milahsq;fhzg;glyhk;. vdpDk;>
Mw;Nwhl;l jpir kw;Wk; rha;tpd; jpir vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapyhd nfhzk; 600 MFk;.
gpujhd ,izg;Gj; njhFjp kw;Wk; mizapd; mr;R vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapyhd Nfhzk;
300 MFk;. ,g;gpsTfs; XusT jpwe;jpUg;gJld;> XusT thdpiyaopjy;
epiyiaAk; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. kbg;gpw;Fl;gLk; jskhdJ Mw;W ePNuhl;lj;jpd;
jpirapNyNa rLjpahd Nfhzj;Jld; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. miz epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ
rpy ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; Njitg;glyhk;. J}a ghiwahdJ Nkw;gug;gpypUe;J
1‐2m Moj;jpy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glyhk;. Mw;Wf; fhy;thahdJ mizg;gFjpapypUe;J Nky;Nehf;fp nkd;ikahdnjhU
rupitf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. Mw;wpd; ,U fiufSk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghiwfspdhy;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ePNuhl;lk; eilngWk; Mw;wpd; jsj;jpy; tz;ly;> kzy;>
kw;Wk; gwy; vd;gtw;wpd; fyitahd gbTfs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.
Mw;wpd; ,U fiug;gFjpfSk; mizg;gFjpapd; fPOs;s gFjpfspy; kpfTk;
rha;thdjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. tyJ kw;Wk; ,lJ fiug;gFjpfspd; fPo;g;gFjpfspd;
rha;Tf;Nfhzq;fs; KiwNa 300 kw;Wk; 400 Mf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,U
fiug;gFjpfspdJk; mLj;j rupT fPo;g;gFjpia tpl Fiwe;jjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
tyJ Mw;wq;fiu rupTfspy;> fgpy epw xJf;fg;gl;l kz; cUthf;fq;fs; 2-4kP
Nkw;gilfis nfhz;L fz;lwpag;gl;ld (Gifg;glk; 3.2). ,lJ Mw;wq;fiu
rupTfspy;> fgpy epw nfhYtpak; kz; cUthf;fq;fs; 1-2kP Nkw;gilfis nfhz;L
fz;lwpag;gl;ld. ,U fiufspd; rupTfspYk; jhtug;gilapdhy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ
(Gifg;glk; 3.3). kz; cUthf;fq;fspd; Nkw;gilfspd; jbg;G Nkw;Gw gFjpfspy;
ntFthf mjpfupj;Jr; nry;tJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l ghiwg;gilahdJ mjpfsT gpstile;J $basT
thdpiyaopjYf;F cl;gl;L fhzg;gl;lhYk;> mizf;fl;Lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; 1-2kP
Moj;jpy; fdkhdnjhU jha;g;ghiw mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mjdhy;> cj;Njr
mizf; fl;likg;G Fiwe;jgl;r rpf;fy;fSld; epu;khzpf;fg;glyhk;. vdpDk;>
miz gpuNjrk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 41
,izg;Gj; jsq;fs; kw;Wk; gpsT jsq;fspd; jpir kw;Wk; thdpiyaopjy;
epiyik> nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; jpUj;jp mikf;fg;glhjtplj;J mizf;fl;bd;
epiyg;gpy; gpur;rpidfis Vw;gLj;jyhk;. Gifg;glk; 3.2: tyJ fiuapy; fhzg;gLk; nrq;fgpy xJf;fg;gl;l kz;
Gifg;glk; 3.3: miz kw;Wk; ePu;j;Njf;f gFjpapy; Mw;wq;fiu rha;Tfs;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 42
Fsg; gpuNjrk;
cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; cauk; Vwj;jho 2.5kP Mf fhzg;gLtjhy;> ,jdhy;
cUthf;fg;gLk; Fsk; mizapypUe;J Vwj;jho 360kP J}uj;jpw;F tpahgpj;Jf;
fhzg;gLk;.
Fsg;gFjpapd; jw;Nghija Mog;gb cj;Njr mizf;fl;likg;gpd; ghu;itf;Fwpa
gFjpapy; Fsj;jpd; Mok; 1.5kP Mf kl;LNk fhzg;gLk;. Fsg;gFjpapd; Vida
gFjpfspy; MoKk; FiwthfNt fhzg;gLk;. cj;Njr Fs gpuNjrkhdJ Mw;wpd;
FWf;Nf ruhrupahf 75kP mfykhd gug;ig nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. jpl;lj;ij
mKy;gLj;jpaTld;> Fsg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Mok; mizg;gFjpapy; 2.5kP MfTk; mjd;
thw;gFjpia Nehf;fpr; nry;y Fiwe;J nfhz;Lk; nry;Yk;. Fsg;gFjpapd;
Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpy; mgUk;ghyhd ,lq;fspy; jha;g;ghiwapd; ntspg;ghLfs;
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld. Fsg;gpuNjrj;jpd; Nkw;gFjp rha;Tfspd; ngUk;ghyhd gFjpfs;
fhLfs; my;yJ ,wg;gu; epyq;fspdhy; %lg;gl;Ls;sd. Fsg;gpuNjrj;jpw;F
mz;ikapy; vt;tpj kbg;GfSk; mtjhdpf;fg;gltpy;iy. ghiwfspd; NkNy
fhzg;gLk; kz; mkpo;T jpl;lk; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;l gpd;du; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glhJ. jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; ghij
jiyNahl;lf; fhy;thapd; KOikahd gFjpAk; tyJ fiuNahuj;jpy;
tbtikf;fg;gl;bUg;gJld;> ,g;gFjp 1-2kP jbg;Gila xJf;f kz; gilapdhy;
%lg;gl;l mikg;ig nfhz;Ls;sJ. nrYj;Jk; fhy;thapd; ePsk; 310kP MFk;.
ePu;j;Njf;f gFjpapy; jha;g;ghiw ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;bUg;gJld; ntb itj;jy;
mtrpag;gLfpd;wJ (Gifg;glk; 3.4). jiyNahl;lf; fhy;thapd; cj;Njr jlk;
Mw;wpd; tyJ fiuapypUe;J rpy kPw;wu;fs; J}uj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. ruptpd; rha;T
Nfhzk; 200 - 300 MfTk; Gjpjhf ehl;lg;gl;l vz;nza; ghk; kuq;fshy;
%lg;gl;ljhfTk; kw;Wk; 2-3kP Moj;jpw;F mfo;T Ntiyfs; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ
(Gifg;glk; 3.5). Gifg;glk; 3.4: ePu;j;Njf;fg; gFjpapd; xU Njhw;wk;
ePu;j;Njf;fg; gpuNjrk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 43
Gifg;glk; 3.5: jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; jlj;jpd; xU Njhw;wk;
ePu;j;Njf;f gpuNjrj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lsT ngupanjhU gpuNjrk; mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl
Ntz;bAs;sJ> ,q;F ghiw ntbitj;jYk; mtrpakhfpd;wJ. ghiwapd; fl;likg;G
uPjpahd tpguq;fSf;F Vw;g jw;NghJs;s FiwghLs;s gFjpfspd; CNl epyk;
cWjpapof;fyhk;. fhy;thapd; gupkhdq;fs; 8kP x 4.5kP Mf fhzg;gLtjhy;> jpl;lk;
mKy;gLj;jg;gl;l gpwF epyj;jpd;kPJ ,jdhy; nrYj;jg;gLk; mOj;jk;
fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthFk;. mjdhy;> mj;jpthuk; ,Ltjw;fhf jplkhd ghiw fpilf;fhj
NghJ ,izg;GfspD}Nl ghiwj;jpzpT jtwyhk;. Kd;Flhj;jhq;fp
cj;Njr Kd;Flhj; jhq;fp gFjpapy; cs;s Gtpapay; epiyikfs;
jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha; gFjpia ngupJk; xj;jpUf;fpd;wJ. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyakhdJ xU gs;sj;jhf;F Nghd;w epyg;gFjpapy;
mikf;fg;gltpUg;gJld;> ,J mtjhdpg;gpy; XusT thdpiyaopjYf;F cl;gl;ljhf
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ (Gifg;glk; 3.6). kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;fhd ,lj;ij jahu;
nra;tjw;fhf ghiwahdJ ntbf;fr;nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. Rw;Wg;Gw gFjpapy;
ghiwapd; kPJ nky;ypajhd kz; gilnahd;W fhzg;gl;lJ. vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk;
ghiwr; rupT ntl;lhdJ jw;NghJs;s ,izg;Gj; jsq;fspD}lhf
typikapof;fyhk;.
jiyNahl;lf;
fhy;tha; jlk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 44
Gifg;glk; 3.6: jpl;lj;jpd; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyag;gFjp
ghij
jw;NghJs;s Njhl;l ghijfs; rpwpjsthd nrg;gdpLjYld; jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;ij
miltjw;F gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. gpuNjrj;jpd; fdpAg;G %ytsq;fs; cj;Njr jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;ij #oTs;s gFjpapy;> kpfr;rpwpjsthd Mw;W kzy; gbT
kw;Wk; fspkz; gbTfisj; jtpu Ntnwe;j nghUshjhu uPjpahd ngWkjpkpf;f
fdpAg;G gbTfs; vJTk; ,q;F gjpTnra;ag;glNth fz;lwpag;lNth ,y;iy. cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpdhy; #og;gl;l KOikahd gpuNjrKk; cau;ju tif cUkhwpa
ghiwapid nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,J Fthu;l;];> ngy;l;];ghu;> gNahill;> fhu;dl;>
N`hu;d;gpsd;l; Nghd;w nghJthd ghiwfis Njhw;Wtpf;Fk; fdpAg;Gfspd;
(nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtkw;w) NtWgl;l gpukhzq;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ. mjdhy;>
,j;jpl;lj;jpid mKy;gLj;Jtjhy; fdpAg;G tsq;fs; kPjhd ve;jnthU jhf;fKk;
Vw;glhJ. gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;w J}a ghiwfs; epu;khzg; nghUl;fshf
gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. vdpDk;> ,Jtiu> gpujhdkhf fLikahd ghij fhuzkhfTk;
gpuNjrj;jpNyNa mjpfsT fy; Fthupfs; fhzg;gLtjhYk; ,g;ghiwfs; epu;khzg;g
nghUl;fshf gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy.
jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; kz;rupT rhj;jpak; Njrpa fl;bl Ma;T mikaj;jplkpUe;J tpupthdnjhU kz;rupT mgha Ma;T
mwpf;if kw;Wk; mDkjpfs; ngwg;gl;Ls;sd (gpz;zpizg;G VII).
kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyag;gFjp
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 45
3.1.3 Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpDs; epyg;gad;ghL
Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr nrayhsu; (gp.nr) gpupthdJ Nky; khfhzj;jpd; fSj;Jiw
epu;thf khtl;lj;jpw;Fs; tUfpd;wJ. Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr gpupT 52,413 Vf;fu;
fhzpg;gug;ig nkhj;jkhf nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,g; gp.nr gpupthdJ 54 fpuhk
cj;jpNahfj;ju; (fp.c.) gpupTfspDs; 334 fpuhkq;fis nfhz;Ls;sJ. gp.nr gpuptpd;
2012-2013 %ytsj;jpul;bd; 54 fp.c. gpuptpdJk; nkhj;j rdj;njhif gb 67>461 vd
gjpTnra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
gp.nr gpuptpd; ngUk;gFjpahd epyk; fhLfshy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ. gapu;r;nra;iff;fhf
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nkhj;j fhzpg;gug;G 16>757 Vf;fu;fs; MFk;. ve;jnthU
gapu;r;nra;iff;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;glhj fhzpg;Gug;G 7>071 Vf;fu;fs; MFk;.
gp.nr.gp ,d; epyg;gad;ghl;L tbtj;ij MuhAk; NghJ ,k;kf;fspd; gpujhd tUkhd
khu;f;fkhf cs;s tptrhaNk Kf;fpa gq;if tfpf;fpd;wJ vd;gJ njspthfpd;wJ.
,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; tsu;f;fg;gLk; gpujhd tptrha gapu;fshf ,wg;gu;> ney;> Njapiy>
kuf;fwpfs;> goq;fs; kw;Wk; Vida gzg;gapu;fs; MFk;. Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr ,y;
cs;s jfty;fSf;Nfw;g> jw;nghJ 13>994 Vf;fu; epyg;gug;G ,wg;gu; nra;ifapd; fPo;
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. new;gapu;r;nra;ifapd; fPo; cs;s fhzpapd; msT 4>059 Vf;fu;
Mf cs;sJ. Njapiy gapu;r;nra;ifapd; fPOs;s fhzpapd; msT 3>740 Vf;fu; vd
gjpTnra;ag;gLk; mNjNtis> njd;id 1>266 Vf;fuhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Mw;wpd; tyJ fiuNahug;gFjpapy; nghJthd epyg;gad;ghl;L
tbtkhf miktJ c];f;ntyp Njhl;lj;jpd; bgy;fhu; gpuptpdhy; guhkupf;fg;gLk;
,wg;gu; ngUe;Njhl;lkhFk;. mz;ikapy;> jpl;lf;$Wfs; fhzg;gLk; gFjpf;F
ghu;itf;Fwpa gFjp cl;gl ,wg;gu; Njhl;lj;jpd; rpy gFjpfs; vz;nza; ghk;
kuq;fspdhy; kPs;gapuplg;gl;Ls;sd. Mw;wpd; ,lJ fiuapd; nghJthd
epyg;gad;ghl;L tbtk; tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs; MFk;. jpl;lf;$Wfs; fhzg;gLk;
gFjpapypUe;J 1fpkP Miuf;Fs; fhzg;gLk; gFjpapd; nghJthd epyg;gad;ghl;L
tbtk; epymsitj; jpizf;fsj;jpy; cs;s juTfs; kw;Wk; fs Ma;tpd; %yk;
fz;lwpag;gl;ld. jw;NghJ ,q;F 121.4 n`. ,wg;gu; gapu;r;nra;if fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
tPl;Lj;Njhl;lq;fs; 94.86 n`. MfTk;> fhLfshf fhzg;gLk; gpuNjrk; 58.147 n`.
MfTk; cs;sJ. Gju; epyq;fs; 15.51 n`. Mf cs;sJ. vz;nza; ghk;
gapu;r;nra;if 11.0n`. Mf cs;sJ.
epyg;gad;ghl;L tiuglk; cU 3.3 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 46
cU 3.3: Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpDs; epyg;gad;ghL
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 47
3.1.4 ePupay;
jpl;lj;jpw;F Njitahd ePupd; msit kjpg;gpLtjw;F cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpw;F
Nkw;gFjpapy; cs;s ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpd; ePz;l fhy ePNuhl;l fl;likg;ig
fzpg;gpLtjid gpujhd Nehf;fhf nfhz;L ePupay; Ma;nthd;W
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. xU jho; ePNuhl;l gFg;gha;Tk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. jpl;lj;jpd;
ePupay; mwpf;if gpz;zpizg;G VIII ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
cj;Njr ePu;jpUg;g mizapd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf nts;sg;ngUf;fpy; Vw;glf;$ba
mjpfupg;gpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fq;fis fzpg;gpLtjw;F ePu;ka Ma;nthd;W
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.
jpwDs;s ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrk;
cj;Njr mizapd; miktplj;jpy; jpwDs;s ePNue;Jg;gFjp 372km2 Mf cs;sJ.
ePNue;Jg; gpuNjr tiuglk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.7 kw;Wk; ePupay; mwpf;if vd;gtw;wpy;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ (gpz;zpizg;G VIII).
jpwDs;s ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpd; kiotPo;r;rp khjpupfs;
ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpd; ,lj;jpw;Fwpa kiotPo;r;rp guk;giy
gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf %d;W mstPl;L epiyaq;fspypUe;jhd juTfs;
Nrfupf;fg;gl;ld. njupTnra;ag;gl;l mstPl;L epiyaq;fshtd jPg;ghild;>
njhynghlfe;j> kw;Wk; Nfhdgdpfy vd;gdthFk;. kiotPo;r;rp mstPLfspd;
njhlu;r;rpaw;w jd;ik fhuzkhf 1992 ,ypUe;j 2011 tiuahd 18 Mz;Lfspd;
juTfs; gFg;gha;tpd; NghJ ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. njhynghlfe;j kiotPo;r;rp
mstPl;L epiyaj;jpd; 18 tUlq;fSf;fhd ruhrup kiotPo;r;rp 3>633kp.kP MfTk;
mJNt jPg;ghildpy; 3>349kp.kP MfTk; fhzg;gl;lJ. Nfhdgzpfytpw;fhd juTfs;
2003 tiuNa fhzg;gl;ld vd;gJld;> 1992 ,ypUe;J 2003 tiuahd ruhrup
2>905kp.kP Mf fhzg;gl;lJ. gpz;zpizg;G VIII: ePupay; mwpf;ifapd; ml;ltiz 1
njhlf;fk; ml;ltiz 3 jPg;ghild;> njhynghlfe;j> kw;Wk; Nfhdgdpfy
vd;gtw;wpd; khjhe;j kiotPo;r;rpia KiwNa jUfpd;wJ. 1992 ,ypUe;j 2011
tiuahd 18 tUlj;jpw;F ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpd; ruhrup kiotPo;r;rp 3>447kp.kP vd
fzpg;gplg;gl;lJ. khjhe;j ruhrup kiotPo;r;rp guk;gy; cU 3.4 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
,g;ngWkhdj;jpypUe;J ePNue;Jg;gpuNjrj;jpd; kiotPo;r;rpapy; njd;Nky; gUtg;ngau;r;rp
Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jfpd;wJ vd njspthf njupfpd;wJ. Mff;Fiwe;j kiotPo;r;rp
ngg;utupapy; gjpT nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ.
cU 3.4: 1992 njhlf;fk; 2011 tiuahd ruhrup ePNue;Jg; gFjpapd; kiotPo;r;rp
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 48
Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpd; tbfhyikg;G khjpup
ePNue;Jg;gpuNjrj;jpd; Nky; vy;iyahdJ ruhrup fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 2080kP cauk;
tiu tpahgpf;fpd;wJ. Vnddpy;> ,uj;jpdGup kw;Wk; fhyp khtl;lq;fspd; vy;iyapy;
mike;Js;s rpq;fuh[ tdj;jpypUe;Nj MWfs; Muk;gpf;fpd;wd. Ff;FNy
fq;ifahdJ ntNt fq;if> nfh];tj;ij fq;if> kw;Wk; njy;nfhl fq;if
Mfpait ,iztjhy; cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Vwj;jho
312r.fpkP I Jz;lg;gLj;Jk; Ff;FNy ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp jpl;lk; ruhrup fly;
kl;lj;jpypUe;J 190kP cauj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ruhrup fly;
kl;lj;jpypUe;J 208kP cauj;jpy; xU rPuhf;Fk; Fsj;ij cUthf;FtJld; 5.7fp.kP
ePskhd Ruq;fg;ghijapD}lhf ,e;ePu; jpirjpUg;gg;gl;L epyj;jb kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyaj;jpw;F nfhz;L nry;yg;gLfpd;wJ. kpd; RoypfspD}lhf nrYj;jg;gl;l
gpd;du; ePuhdJ 1.6fp.kP ePskhd thw;Ruq;fnkhd;wpd; %yk; mizapypUe;J Vwj;jho
9fpkP fPohw;W J}uj;jpy; k; tiu kPz;Lk; Ff;FNy fq;ifapDs; tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
khnfypa XahTk; ,g;gFjpapNyNa> cj;Njr Ngh`hN`d-Ff;FNy mizf;fl;L
miktplj;jpw;F 3fpkP Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; Ff;FNy fq;ifAld; ,izfpd;wJ.
MwhdJ FWfpa rkhe;jukhd gs;sj;jhf;Ffspy; ,Ue;J rupT Fiwe;j
Mw;Wg;gLf;ifia nfhz;l nts;sg;gLf;iffspDs; Eiofpd;wJ. god; fq;if
kw;Wk; KFU fq;if Mfpa ,U gpujhd fpisahWfSld; ,t;thWk; ,ize;J
Flh fq;ifahfp> gpd;du; mq;FUthnjhl;l vDk; ,lj;jpy; fSfq;ifAld;
,izfpd;wJ.
Mw;W ePNuhl;l tpguq;fs;
tUl ruhrup ePNuhl;lk;
ePupay; fw;iffSf;F mikthf 18 tUlkhf ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l juTfSf;F
mikthf tUl ruhrup ePNuhl;lkhdJ 27.05m3/s MFk;.
khjhe;j ruhrup tpLtpg;Gfs;
ml;ltiz 3.1 mizg; gFjpapy; Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; ruhrup khjhe;j ePNuhl;lg;
guk;giyf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ePNuhl;l fhyvy;iy tiuapfs; ePu;kpd; fUj;jpl;lj;jpd; ePu;-
,ae;jputpay; $Wfis jpl;lkply; kw;Wk; tbtikg;gpy; Njitahd Kf;fpa
jftiy toq;fp Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;fpd;wJ. xU ruhrup tUlj;jpd;
ml;ltizg;gLj;jg;gl;l % kpQ;rpajw;fhd ePNuhl;l tPjq;fSldhd ePNuhl;l
fhyvy;iy tiuap cU 3.5 ,y; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
ml;ltiz 3.1: mizf;fl;Lg;gFjpapy; khjhe;j ruhrup ePNuhl;lk;
xf; et br [d ngg; khu; Vg; Nk [_d; [_i Mf nrg; ,il
ruhrup 33.27 27.71 35.00 22.29 16.67 13.31 17.79 35.44 25.93 32.96 28.53 35.22 27.05
Mf.$ 54.69 40.24 53.87 46.08 54.21 29.11 29.74 62.95 37.13 56.60 45.59 59.77 62.95
Mf.F 21.96 15.46 20.57 7.88 6.18 6.59 10.52 13.31 16.35 18.22 17.56 22.31 6.18
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 49
cU 3.5: ePNuhl;l fhy tiuap
% kPwy; 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 95
tpLtpg;G (m3/s) 50.89 38.52 31.91 26.31 21.78 17.75 13.80 9.98 6.20 3.92
Mw;wpd; tUlhe;j ePNuhl;l khwy;
mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; [dtup 1992/93 njhlf;fk; 2010/11 tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy;
tUlhe;j ePNuhl;l NtWghL fPNo cU 3.6 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l juTfspypUe;J tUlhe;j ruhrup ePNuhl;l fdtsT 853.6MCM Mf fhzg;gLtJld;> Mff;$ba kw;Wk; Mff;Fiwe;j ngWkhdq;fs; KiwNa
1,025.2MCM kw;Wk; 638.2MCM Mf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
cU 3.6: mizf;fl;Lg;gFjpapy; tUlhe;j ePNuhl;l khwy;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 50
Mff;Fiwe;j twl;rp fhy ePNuhl;lk;> mbg;gil ePNuhl;lk;
jho; ePNuhl;l gFg;gha;tpw;fhf> fzpf;fg;gl;l tUlhe;j Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;lk;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld; 18 tUl fhy Ma;T fhyj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L
fzpf;fg;gl;l thuhe;j Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;lk; 0.341m3/s. MFk;. gpz;zpizg;G VIII: ePupay; mwpf;ifapd; ml;ltiz 10 1992 – 2011 fhyg;gFjpf;Fwpa tUlhe;j
Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;lj;ij fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lq;fs; cl;gl (10> 25> 50> 100 tUlq;fs; jpUk;Gk;
fhyq;fSf;fhdJ) jpl;lj;jpd; cau; nts;sg;ngUf;F khjpup [rpy juTfs; ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fsj;jplk; fhzg;glyhk;] jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpy; Vw;glf;$ba nts;sg;ngUf;fhdJ ,aw;ifahd epiyikfspd;
fPo; ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpy; Vw;gLk; fLikahd kiotPo;r;rp my;yJ Ff;FNy
ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; nts;sg;ngUf;F gliyfspd; rLjpahd jpwg;G vd;gtw;wpdhy;
Vw;glyhk;.
ePu;ka Ma;tpd; NghJ> NtWgl;l jpUk;gy; fhyq;fSf;fhd mjhtJ 10> 25> 50>
kw;Wk; 100 tUlq;fSf;fhd ,aw;ifahd nts;sg;ngUf;F ePupay; tiuGfs;
mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJld;> ,jw;F njhlu;ghd cr;r nts;sg;ngUf;FfSk;
fzpg;gplg;gl;ld. Ff;FNs fq;ifapd; ePNue;J gpuNjrj;ij Kd;G Na;T nra;jpUe;j
MNyhridahsu;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l fzpg;Gfs; cj;Njr mizf;fl;L
gFjpapy; Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;j;Njf;fk; jpwf;fg;gLk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; epytf;$ba cr;r
nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lj;ij fzpg;gpLtjw;F gad;gLj;jg;gl;ld. xt;nthU
epiyikfspd; fPOk; mjw;fhd nts;sg;ngUf;F ePupay; tiuG
fye;jiuahlg;gl;Ls;sJld; gpz;zpizg;G : ePupay; Ma;T mwpf;ifapd; gpupTfs;
6>7 kw;Wk; 8 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
cj;Njr mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; 10> 25> 50 kw;Wk; 100 tUlq;fs; jpUk;gy;
fhyq;fSf;fhd cr;r nts;skl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; Ff;FNy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; rLjpahd
jpwg;G fhuzkhf Vw;glf;$ba Mff;$ba nts;sg;gnUf;F cr;rk; vd;gd
ml;ltiz 3.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. tpgukhd fzpg;gPLfs; gpz;zpizg;G IX : ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;ifapy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
ml;ltiz 3.2: NtWgl;l jpUk;gy; fhyq;fSf;fhd mizg;gFjpapy;
nts;sg;ngUf;F cr;rq;fs;
jpUk;gy; fhyk; (tUlk;) nts;s cr;rk; (m3/s)
10 1,297
25 1,561
50 1,771
100 2,069
Ff;FNy ePu;j;Njf;f nts;sg; gliyfs; rLjpahf
jpwf;fg;gl;lhy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; cr;r nts;sk; 2,638
Mw;wpd; FWf;F ntl;LKf Njhw;wtikg;G
nts;sg;ngUf;F rhj;jpaq;fis jPu;khdpg;gjw;fhf mizf;fl;Lg;gFjp kw;Wk;
mizapd; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; gy miktplq;fspy; Mw;wpd; FWf;F ntl;LKf
Njhw;wtikg;Gfis jUf. (c.k;. mizapypUe;J 25kP> 50kP> 100kP Nkyhw;Wg;
gFjpfspy;) kw;Wk; FWf;F ntl;L Kfq;fspd; tpspk;Gfs; 100tUl nts;sg;ngUf;F
jsj;ij tpl $Ljyhf fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 51
mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; Mw;wpd; FWf;F ntl;LKf Njhw;wtikg;G gpz;zpizg;G
VI.8 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapd; Nkyhw;W kw;Wk; fPohw;Wg;
gFjpfspd; gy miktplq;fspd; Mw;wpd; FWf;F ntl;LKf Njhw;wtikg;Gfs;
gpz;zpizg;G IX: ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;if cU: 8 kw;Wk; cU: 9 ,y; KiwNa
jug;gl;Ls;sJ. Mw;W Kbtplj;jpd; ePs;ntl;LKf Njhw;wk;
mizapypUe;J ePu;%yj;jpd; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapd; Mw;W Kbtplj;jpd; ePs;ntl;LKf
Njhw;wk; (mizapd; cr;rtuk;gpypUe;J xU kPw;wu; NkNy mike;js;s Mw;wpd;
gLf;if kl;lk; tiu) (kl;lq;fs; 50kP ,ilntspfspy;)
Mw;W Kbtplj;jpd; ePs;ntl;LKf Njhw;wk; gpz;zpizg;G VI.9. ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ePu;ka ma;TfSf;fhf> cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;> ePu;j;jpUg;g miz> vd;gd
cl;gl khnfyp Xah Ff;FNy fq;ifAld; ,izAk; gFjp tiuahd 5.2fpkP
Mw;Wg;gFjp gug;G Ma;tpw;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. (gpz;zpizg;G IX ,d; cU.10)
3.2 capupay; #oy;
3.2.1 cj;Njr Ntiyj;jsk;
capupay;Gtpj;Njhw;wtpaypd; mbg;gilapy;> cj;Njr jpl;lg; gpuNjrkhdJ jho;ehl;L
<utyaj;jpDs; tUfpd;wJ. jhtutpay; tyaj;jpd; mbg;gilapy;> ,J njd; jho;epy
kiyehl;L jhtutyak; kw;Wk; madkz;ly vd;Wk; gRikahd <utya
fhLfspDs; mikfpd;wJ. ,itNa njd; jho;epy kiyehl;L jhtutyaj;jpd;
tpNrl jhtu fl;likg;ghFk;. vdpDk;> cj;Njr fUj;jpl;l gpuNjrj;jpd; ngUk;ghyhd
epyq;fs; kdpj nry;thf;fpw;F cl;gl;Ls;sJld; kdpj FbapUg;Gfs; my;yJ
gy;yhz;L gapu;r;nra;iff;fhf ntspg;gLj;jgl;Ls;sij mtjhdpf;ff;
$bajhfTs;sJ.
3.2.2 jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; jhtu tiffs; /thoplq;fs;
jpl;lg; gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gLk; xNunahU gpujhd ,aw;if thoplq;fshf MW
kw;Wk; Mw;wq;fiu jhtu rhfpaq;fNs fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jpl;l eltbf;iffspd; 90% Mdit kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l thoplq;fshd gapuplg;gl;l epyq;fs; (vz;nza;
ghk; kw;Wk; ,wg;gu;) kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l jupR epyq;fspNyNa eilngWfpd;wd.
3.2.3 MW kw;Wk; Mw;wq;fiu jhtuq;fs;
Mw;wpd; ,U fiufspYk; xU nky;ypa (2,ypUe;J 10kP tiuahd) jbg;ghd
Fog;g;gl;l jhtu gil fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ePu;tho; kw;Wk; miu-Fiw ePu;tho; jhtu
,dq;fshd Lagenandra sp. (nfl;ly), Aponogeton rigidifolius (nff;fl;ba), Colocasia esculenta (fh`y), Cyperus spp., Pandanus ceylanicus (JDnfa;ah) vd;gd Mw;wpd; ,U
fiufspYk; tpspk;Gfspy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld. Mw;wq;fiu jhtu rhfpak; Ochlandra stridula (gl;lh), Mallotus tetracoccus (G+nfe;j), Alstonia macrophylla (`tupEf), Dillenia suffruticosa (jpa guh), Macaranga peltata (nfe;j), Acacia caesia (`pq;FU nty;), Dillenia indica (n`hz;l ghu), Cleistocalyx operculatus (gl;ljk;g), Mussaenda frondosa (K];]d;l), Trema orientalis (fLk;gh), Madhuca neriifolia (fq; kP), Aporusa lanceolata (`Pd; nfgy;yh), Ixora coccinea (ul;lk;gy), Caryota urens (fpj;Js;), Pothos scandens (nghl;l nty;), Bhesa ceylanica (ngyd;), Willughbeia cirrhifera (fpupnty;), Dillenia retusa (nfhlghu), Hydnocarpus venenata (kf;FS), Barringtonia racemosa (jpa kpnjy;y) kw;Wk; Symplocos cochinchinensis (nghk;G) Nghd;w jhtu ,dq;fis gpujhdkhf nfhz;ljhf
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 52
cj;Njr mizf;fl;L gFjpapypUe;J fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; cs;s Mw;wq;fiufspy;
mjhdpf;fg;gl;l 33 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa jhtu ,dq;fSs; ,uz;L ,dq;fs;> Aponogeton rigidifolius (nff;fl;ba) kw;Wk; Drypetes lanceolata vd;gd Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpa (EN) ,dq;fshf gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;tpU ,dq;fSs;
Mw;wpd; ,lJ fiug;gFjp jhtu $l;lq;fSs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l Drypetes lanceolata kpfTk; mupjhd tifahdnjhU jhtu ,dkhFk;. “,yq;ifapd; jhtu $l;lq;fspd;
kPl;ly; nra;ag;gl;l ifNal;L Gj;jfj;jpd;gb” ,J fSj;Jiw khtl;lj;jpd; kpfr;rpy
miktplq;fspy; ,Ue;J kl;LNk (rupahd ,lk; njupatpy;iy)> ,uj;jpdGup
(ek;gghd) kw;Wk; fz;b (kLnfhl) mwpag;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,t;tpdkhdJ Mw;wpd;
,lJ fiuNahuj;jpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy;> jpl;lj;jpd; eltbf;iffs; Mw;wpd;
tyJ fiuNahuj;jpy; eilngWtjhy;> ,jw;F Neubahd ghjpg;G vJTk; ,y;iy.
MW kw;Wk; Mw;wq;fiu gFjpapypUe;J mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd;
KOikahd gl;bay;fs; gpz;zpizg;G X ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
3.2.4 fUj;jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; jhtu tiffs;
cj;Njr fhy;tha; ghijapd; jhtu tiffs;
cj;Njr fhy;tha; ghijahdJ vz;nza; ghk; gapuplg;gl;l fhzp xd;wpD}lhf
nry;fpd;wJ. vz;nza; ghk; jtup xU rpy fis ,dq;fs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld.
,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l ve;jnthU ,dKk; cs;ehl;Lf;FwpajhfNth>
Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;Ls;s my;yJ Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij
vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s ,dkhfNth gl;bayplg;gltpy;iy. fhy;tha; ghij gFjpapypUe;J
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd; KOikahd gl;bay;fs; gpz;zpizg;G X.1. ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya miktplj;jpd; jhtu tiffs;
cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyakhdJ Mw;wpd; tyJfiuapy; iftplg;gl;lnjhU
fhzpapy; mikf;fg;gltpUf;fpd;wJ. cj;Njr miktplj;jpy; jdpahdnjhU
cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa jhtu ,dk;> Ochlandra stridula (gl;l) mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya gFjpapypUe;J mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd;
KOikahd gl;bay;fs; gpz;zpizg;G X.1. ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
fUj;jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; jhtu tiffs;
Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpDs;; ,Ue;J fsMa;tpd; NghJ nkhj;jkhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l 153
jhtu ,dq;fSs; 33 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa> 15 Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;l> 12
Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;ftpUf;Fk; ,dq;fs; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd
(ml;ltiz 3.3). gjpT nra;ag;gl;l ,dq;fSs; ngUk;ghyhdit kuq;fshFk; (72).
,jidj; njhlu;e;J Vwpfs; my;yJ glupfs; (31)> nrb ,dq;fSk; (29)> Gju;fs;
(20) kw;Wk; Nknyhl;bfs; (1) vd;gdTk; cs;slq;Ffpd;wd (ml;ltiz 3.3).
NkYk;> gjpT nra;ag;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fSs; 22% Mdit cs;ehl;Lf;FwpajhfTk;
23% Mdit ntspehl;Lf;FwpaitAk; MFk;. jpl;lj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrk;
kw;Wk; mjidr; #oTs;s gFjpfspy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd; tpupthd
gl;bay; xd;W gpz;zpizg;G X.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 53
ml;ltiz 3.3 : fs Ma;tpd; NghJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd; RUf;fk;
jhtu tif nkhj;j
,dq;fs;
Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;Ls;s
kw;Wk; Mgj;ij
vjpu;Nehf;Fk; cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa RNjr gpwehl;L
EN VU NT
kuk; 72 1 (1) 7 (5) 7 (3) 21 37 14
nrb 20 0 2 (2) 1 5 11 4
G+z;L 29 1 (1) 0 1 2 15 12
Nknyhl;b 1 0 0 0 0 1 0
Vwpfs; glupfs; 31 0 4 (3) 3 (1) 5 21 5
nkhj;jk; 153 2 (2) 13 (10) 12 (4) 33 85 35
% 22% 55% 23% gad;gLj;jg;gl;l RUf;ff;FwpaPLfs;: EN – moptilAk; Mgj;Js;s, VU – Mgj;ij
vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk;, NT – moptilAk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk;
ngUe;Njhl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l fhzpfSld; xg;gpLifapy; Mw;wq;fiu
jhtu $l;lj;jpd; jhtu ,d nropg;G $bajhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJ. mt;thNw>
cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpa ,dq;fs; Mw;wq;fiu gFjpapy;
kl;LNk mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJld;> ntspehl;Lf;Fwpa ,dq;fs; 90% Md jpl;l
nraw;ghLfs; eilngWk; gapu;nra;ag;gl;l fhzpfs; (ghk;) kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l
fhzpfspy; gpujhdkhf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld (ml;ltiz 3.4). ml;ltiz 3.4: NtWgl;l jpl;l eltbf;iffs; ,lk;ngWk; milahsg;gLj;jg;gl;l
gpuNjrq;fspy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd; RUf;fk;.
jpl;l
eltbf;if
nkhj;
,dq;f
s;
fhg;G epiy ghFghl;L
epiy tho;f;if Kiw
EN VU NT E N I T S H E C Mw;wq;fiuf
s;* 142 2 13 12 33 79 30 70 20 22 1 29
jiyNahl;lf;
fhy;tha; 17 0 0 0 0 7 10 1 1 12 0 3
kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyak; 8 0 0 0 1 3 4 3 1 2 0 2
* Mw;wq;fiufs; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy; jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gltpy;iy (jpl;l eltbf;iffspy; 10% ,w;Fk; FiwthditNa Mw;wq;fiufspy; eilngWfpd;wd).vdpDk; Mw;wq;fiufs; kiwKfkhd jhf;f
tyaj;jpDs; tUfpd;wd vd;gJld; mjdhy; jhf;f gFg;gha;tpy; fuj;jpw; nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l RUf;ff;FwpaPLfs;: EN – moptilAk; Mgj;Js;s, VU – Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk;, NT – moptilAk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk;> E – cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa> N – RNjr> I – MwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l my;yJ ntspehl;Lf;Fwpa> T – kuk;> S – Gju;> H – nrb> E – Nknyhl;bfs;> C – Vwpfs;
3.2.5 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;Ls;s jhtuq;fs;
,q;F cj;Njr fUj;jpl;l gpuNjrj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fSs; 33(22%) cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpait MFk;. mjhdpf;fg;gl;l 33 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa jhtu ,dq;fSs;
,uz;L ,dq;fs;> Aponogeton rigidifolius (nff;fl;ba) kw;Wk; Drypetes lanceolata vd;gd Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpa (EN) ,dq;fshfTk; mizapd;
fPohw;Wg;gFjpapYk; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;ld. Drypetes lanceolata kpfTk; mupjhd
tifahdnjhU jhtu ,dkhFk; vd;gJld; “,yq;ifapd; jhtu $l;lq;fspd;
kPl;ly; nra;ag;gl;l ifNal;L Gj;jfj;jpd;gb” ,J fSj;Jiw (rupahd ,lk;
njupatpy;iy)> ,uj;jpdGup (ek;gghd) kw;Wk; fz;b (kLnfhl) Mfpa
khtl;lq;fspd; kpfr;rpy miktplq;fspy; ,Ue;J kl;LNk mwpag;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 54
,j;jhtuq;fs; jpl;lj;jpd; Neub ghjpg;G tyaj;jpw;Fs; ,y;yhjNghJk; jpl;l
eltbf;iffs; ,tw;iw ghjpf;fhjthW ftdkhf nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;.,t;tpuz;L
Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fSf;F Nkyjpfkhf> 13(8.5%) ,dq;fs; Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Fk; (VU)> 10 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; 12 (7.8%) Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;ff;$ba (NT)> 4 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa ,dq;fis nfhz;l vd;gd
cj;Njr jpl;l gpuNjrj;jpDs; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fSs; mlq;Ffpd;wd
(ml;ltiz 3.5).
ml;ltiz 3.5: jpl;lj;jpd; Neub kw;Wk; kiwKfkhd jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gLk;
tyaj;jpypUe;J gjpT nra;ag;gl;l cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa> Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s>
kw;Wk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;ftpUf;Fk; jhtu ,dq;fs;
FLk;gk; ,dq;fs; cs;Su; ngau; HA TS NCS RS CA PH Acanthaceae Strobilanthes spp. neS S E LC + Achariaceae Hydnocarpus venenata kf;FS T E LC + Anacardiaceae Mangifera zeylanica vl;lk;g T E LC + Anacardiaceae Semecarpus gardneri gJy;y T E LC + Anacardiaceae Semecarpus marginata T E NT + Apocynaceae Willughbeia cirrhifera fpupnty; C E VU + Aponogetonaceae Aponogeton rigidifolius nff;fl;ba H E EN + Araceae Lagenandra sp. nfj;jy H E LC + Araliaceae Schefflera emarginata C E VU + Arecaceae Calamus digitatus Ff;FS nty; C E VU + Arecaceae Calamus thwaitesii khNtnty; C N VU + Asparagaceae Dracaena thwaitesii S N NT + Calophyllaceae Calophyllum acidus gl;Lfpd T N NT + Centroplacaceae Bhesa ceylanica ngyd; T E LC + Clusiaceae Garcinia quaesita uj; nfhuf;fh T E LC + Cyatheaceae Cyathea walkerae fpd n`hl;lh T E VU + Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus zeylanicus n`hu T E NT + Euphorbiaceae Macaranga digyna fy; xl;l T E NT + Euphorbiaceae Mallotus fuscescens T E LC + Lamiaceae Vitex altissima kpy;y T N NT + Lauraceae Cinnamomum zeylanicum FUe;J T E VU + Lauraceae Cryptocarya wightiana nfhY-Nkhu T N NT + Lauraceae Litsea longifolia ul; nfypa T E LC + Marattiaceae Angiopteris evecta ty; nkj H N NT + Melastomataceae Lijndenia capitellata gpdp gU T E VU +
Melastomataceae Osbeckia octandra P̀d;
Nghtpl;bah S E LC + Moraceae Artocarpus nobilis ngb njy; T E LC + Moraceae Ficus diversiformis C E LC + Myristicaceae Horsfieldia iryaghedhi Uf; nfjp T E VU + Myrtaceae Cleistocalyx operculatus gl;l jk;g T E LC + Myrtaceae Syzygium neesianum gD fPu T E LC + Pandanaceae Freycinetia walkeri C E NT + Pandanaceae Pandanus ceylanicus JD nfa;ah S E VU + Phyllanthaceae Aporusa lanceolata `Pd; nfgy;y T E LC + Poaceae Ochlandra stridula gl;l S E LC + + Polygalaceae Xanthophyllum zeylanicum gyy;y T E LC +
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 55
FLk;gk; ,dq;fs; cs;Su; ngau; HA TS NCS RS CA PH Putranjivaceae Drypetes lanceolata T E EN + Rhamnaceae Gouania microcarpa C N NT +
Rhamnaceae Ziziphus rugosa k`h
vukpdpah C N NT + Rhizophoraceae Carallia brachiata Njtl;l T N NT + Rubiaceae Gardenia crameri fyp]; S E VU + Sapotaceae Madhuca neriifolia fd; kP T N VU +
Sapotaceae Palaquium canaliculatum vyfpupn`k;gpup
a T E VU + Simaroubaceae Quassia indica rkjuh T N VU +
3.2.6 jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; tpyq;Ffs;
jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpYk; mjidr; #oTk; nkhj;jkhf 85 tpyq;fpdq;fs; gjpT
nra;ag;gl;ld. ,tw;Ws; jiu ej;ijfs;> tz;zj;JG+r;rpfs;> Jk;gpfs;> ed;dPu; kPd;>
Cu;td> gwitfs; kw;Wk; KiyA+l;bfs; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpapUe;jd. ,tw;Ws;
9 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa ,dKk; 1 ntspehl;Lf;Fwpa ,dKk; fhzg;gl;ld. NkYk;
jpl;lj;jpd; Neub kw;Wk; kiwKfkhd jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gl;l gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l tpyq;F ,dq;fSs;> 1 ,dk; Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij
vjpu;Nehf;Fk;> 3 ,dq;fs; Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s ,dq;fis
nfhz;l Ie;J ,dq;fshf fhzg;gl;ld. jpl;lj;jpd; 90% ,w;Fk; Nkyhd
eltbf;iffs; kdpjdhy; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l thoplq;fshd ngUe;Njhl;lq;fs;
kw;Wk; iftplg;gl;l fhzpfspNyNa eilngWfpd;wd. ,t;thoplq;fspy; cs;s
tpyq;fpd gy;tifik jpl;lj;jpd; kiwKf jhf;f tyaj;jpy; mlq;Fk; Mw;wq;fiu
rhfpaj;jpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lij tpl xg;gPl;lstpy; FiwthFk;. jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpy;
mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l tpyq;fpdq;fspd; RUf;fk; ml;ltiz 3.6 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
fs Ma;tpd; NghJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l jhtu ,dq;fspd; tpupthd gl;bay; kw;Wk;
jpl;lj;jpd; gpujhd epu;khzg;gFjpfspy; mtw;wpd; guk;gy; vd;gd gpz;zpizg;G X.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
ml;ltiz 3.6: Ma;Tf;Fwpa gpuNjrj;jpy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l tpyq;fpdq;fspd;
RUf;fk;
ghFghl;L $l;lk; nkhj;j
,dq;fs;
cs;ehl;L
,dq;fs;
,lk;ngaUk;
ntspehl;Lf;Fwp
a ,dq;fs;
Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Fk; ,dq;fs;
CR EN VU NT
jiu ej;ijfs; 3 1 1 0 0 0 0
tz;zj;J G+r;rp 14 0 0 0 0 0 1
Jk;gpfs; 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
ed;dPu; kPd; 7 0 0 0 0 0 0
jtisfs; 4 1 0 0 0 1 1
efUapu; 9 0 0 0 0 0 0
gwit 34 5 0 0 0 0 2
KiyA+l;bfs; 8 2 0 0 0 0 2
nkhj;jk; 86 9 1 0 0 1 6
gad;gLj;jg;gl;l RUf;ff;FwpaPLfs;: CR – Nkhrkhf moptilAk; Mgj;jpw;Fs;shd, EN ‐ Mgj;jpw;Fl;gl;Ls;s, VU ‐ Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk;, NT ‐ moptilAk; Mgj;ij
vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 56
3.2.7 cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpapUf;Fk; tpyq;Ffs;
gjpTnra;ag;gl;l 85 tpyq;fpdq;fSs;> xU ,dk;> Hylarana aurantiaca (Small Wood Frog) Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Ftjhf gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sJ. %d;W
cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa ,dq;fis cs;slf;fpa NkYk; Ie;J ,dq;fshd> Pantoporia hordonia (Common lascar), Hylarana temporalis (Sri Lanka Common Wood frog), Hypsipetes leucocephalus (Black bulbul), Macaca sinica (Sri Lanka toque monkey), Moschiola kathygre (Sri Lanka pigmy mouse deer) vd;gd Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;ff;
$baitfshf gl;bayplg;gl;Ls;sd. mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l vy;yh cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa
,dq;fSk; ngUkstpy; guk;gyile;Js;s ,dq;fshf fhzg;gLtJld> ,it
kdpjdpd; nry;thf;F kpFe;j thoplq;fspYk; mtjhdpf;fg;glyhk;. NkYk; gjpT
nra;ag;gl;l ve;jnthU cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa my;yJ Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Fk; ,dq;fSk;
,g;gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;F jdpj;JtkhdjhfNth kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfNth fhzg;gltpy;iy.
,t;tpdq;fs; jpl;l eltbf;iffspdhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fstpy;
jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gLtjpy;iy Vnddpy; ,w;Fk; Nkyjpfkhd jpl;l eltbf;iffs;
,t;tpdq;fs; gjpTnra;ag;glhj kdpjdhy; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l thoplq;fspNyNa
eilngWfpd;wd.
3.2.8 nghUshjhu Kf;fpaj;Jtkpf;f jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffs;
jpl;lg; gFjpapy; mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l tpyq;fpdq;fs; ve;jnthW tu;j;jf
NjitfSf;fhfTk; gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ,q;F fhzg;gLk; rpy ku ,dq;fs;
ntl;Lkuq;fs;> ,wg;gu; kw;Wk; xapy; ghk; Nghd;w gapuplg;gl;litahf
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. vdpDk;> jpl;lj;jpdhy; ,k;kuq;fs; ngupjstpy;
ghjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
3.3 r%f #oy;
3.3.1 gpuNjrj;jpd; r%f nghUshjhu epiyik
cj;Njr rpW ePu;kpd; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lkhdJ fSj;Jiw khtl;lj;jpd; Gsj;rpq;fs
gp.nr.gp ,Ds; cs;s guhnfhl fpof;F fp.c.gp> 825 V ,Ds; cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr.gp ,d; nkhj;j epyg;gug;G 206 km2 ,J 50>903 Vf;fu;fSf;F
rkkhFk;. gp.nr.gp MdJ 54 fp.c.gp fis nfhz;bUg;gJld; 2012 ,y; 67>461I
nkhj;j rdj;njhifahf nfhz;Ls;sJ. gp.nr.gp ,y; gy;ypd kw;Wk; gy kjq;fisr;
Nru;e;jtu;fs; xw;WikahfTk; rf[khfTk; tho;tJld; ngUk;ghd;ikahf
rpq;fstu;fis nfhz;bUg;gJld; ,tu;fs; nkhj;j rdj;jhifapy; 85%khf fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. rdj;njhifapy; jkpou;fs; 12%MfTk;> K];ypk;fs; 4%MfTk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. ml;ltiz 3.7 kw;Wk; 3.8 vd;gd gp.nr gpuptpd; KiwNa ,d
kw;Wk; kj uPjpahd rdj;njhif guk;giy fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
ml;ltiz 3.7: gp.nr gpuptpd; ,d uPjpahd rdj;njhif guk;gy;
,d $l;lk; rdj;njhif %
rpq;fsk; 57,029 84.5
jkpou; 7,938 11.8
K];ypk;fs; 2,470 3.7
VidNahu; 24 0.04
nkhj;jk; 67,461 100 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 57
ml;ltiz 3.8: Gsj;jpq;fs gp.nr gpuptpd; kj uPjpahd rdj;njhif guk;gy;
kj $l;lk; rdj;njhif %
ngsj;ju;fs; 56671 84
,e;Jf;fs; 7341 10.9
,];yhkpau; 2286 3.4
Nuhkd; fj;jypf;fu; 754 1.1
VidNahu; 409 0.6
nkhj;jk; 67461 100 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.
cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ guhnfhil fpof;F fp.c gpuptpDs;Sk; kpd;rf;jp
ntspr;nrYj;jg;gLk; njhFjp nkhy;fhit fp.c gpuptpidAk; ClWj;Jr;
nry;tjhYk; jpl;lj;jpd; rpy jhf;fq;fs; guhnfhil Nkw;F fp.c gpuptpw;Fs;Sk;
nry;tjhYk;> Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr.gp ,Ds; mike;Js;s ,g;gpupTfs; cj;Njr
jpl;lj;jpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba r%f nghUshjhu jhf;fq;fis gFg;gha;T nra;tjw;F
ftdj;jpnyLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
guhnfhil fpof;F> nkhy;fhit kw;Wk; guhnfhil Nkw;F fpuhk Nrtfu;
gpupTfspd; gpd;ddp
rdj;njhif rpwg;gpay;Gfs; 2012 ,y; guhnfhil fpof;F> nkhy;fhit kw;Wk; guhnfhil Nkw;F fpuhk Nrtfu;
gpupTfspd; nkhj;j rdj;njhif 2>873 Mf fhzg;gl;lJld; ,J 873 FLk;gq;fisr;
Nru;e;jjhFk;. ml;ltiz 3.9 ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;l %d;W fp.c gpupTfspdJk;
FLk;gq;fspd; vz;zpf;if kw;Wk; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapid fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
ml;ltiz 3.9: %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; FLk;gq;fspd; vz;zpf;if kw;Wk; nkhj;j
rdj;njhif
fp.c.gp FLk;gq;fspd;
vz;zpf;if nkhj;j
rdj;njhif
825A guhnfhil fpof;F 282 1020
825 nkhy;fhit 254 816
825C guhnfhil Nkw;F 337 1037
nkhj;jk; 873 2873 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.
%d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; ,d kw;Wk; kj uPjpahd guk;gy; %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; rpq;fsk; kw;Wk; jkpo; cl;gl ,d uPjpahd fyit
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; ngUk;ghd;ikahf fhzg;gLfpwtu;fs;
rpq;fstu; Mtu;> vd;gJld; 9 Ngu; kl;LNk ,k;%d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk;
jkpou;fshf cs;sdu;.
,q;F %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; kj uPjpahd fyitAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
ngUk;ghd;ikahf fhzg;gLfpwtu;fs; ngsj;ju;fs; Mtu; vd;gJld; 2>842 Ngu; ,g;
gf;ju;fshf cs;sdu;. Vida kjq;fs; vz;zpf;if mbg;gilapy; Fiwe;j
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cilaitahf fhzg;gLfpd;wd. fPo;tUk; ml;ltiz 3.10
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;l %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; ,d kw;Wk; kj uPjpahd
guk;giyf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 58
ml;ltiz 3.10: %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; ,d kw;Wk; kj uPjpahd guk;gy;
fp.c.gp
nkhj;j
rdj;njhif ,d guk;gy; kj guk;gy;
rpq;f
sk; jkpo; K];yp
k; Vi
dNa
hu;
ngsj;ju; ,e;J ,];
yh
k;
fj;jyp
f;
nkhy;fh
it 816 809 07 ‐ 798 09 ‐ 09
guhnfhi
l fpof;F 1,020 1,019 ‐ ‐ 01 1,015 ‐ ‐ 05
guhnfhi
l Nkw;F 1,037 1,029 02
‐ 06 1,029 02 ‐ 06
nkhj;jk; 2873 2857 09 ‐ 07 2842 11 ‐ 20 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.
ghy; kw;Wk; taJ uPjpahd guk;gy;
ml;ltiz 3.11 MdJ %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; ghy; kw;Wk; taJ uPjpahd
guk;giyf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ngz;fspd; rdj;njhif Mz; rdj;njhifapid tpl
rw;W $Ljyhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
ml;ltiz 3.11: %d;W fp.c gpupTfspYk; ghy; kw;Wk; taJ uPjpahd guk;gy;
fp.c.gp nkhj;j
rdj;njh
if
ghy; taJ
ngz; Mz; 0‐5 6‐18 19‐40 41‐59 60‐69 70 Nky;
nkhy;fhit 816 421 395 74 173 229 230 53 57
guhnfhil
fpof;F 1,020 524 496 100 190 345 223 107 55
guhnfhil
Nkw;F 1,037 525 512 82 168 420 174 117 76
nkhj;jk; 2,873 1,470 1,403 256 531 994 627 277 188 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.
epy cupj;Jilik
guhnfhil fpof;F fp.c gpuptpd; nkhj;j epyg;gug;G 2729 Vf;fu;fs; (11.05 km2) Mf
fhzg;gLtJld; nkhy;fhit fp.c gpupT 864 Vf;fu;fshfTk; (3.5 km2) guhnfhil
Nkw;F 1161 Vf;fu;fs; (4.7 km2) MfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
%d;W fp.c gpupTfspdJk; epy cupj;Jilik tpguq;fs; ml;ltiz 3.12 ,y;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jpypUe;J nkhj;jkhf 693 Vf;fu;fs; jdpahUf;F nrhe;jkhdjhfTk;
291 Vf;fu;fs; murpw;F cilajhfTk; fhzg;gl;lJ njspthdJ. ,q;F 95 Vf;fu;fs;
gy;NtW mDkjpfspd; fPo; kf;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 59
ml;ltiz 3.12: %d;W fp.c gpupTfspdJk; epy cupj;Jilik tpguq;fs;
fp.c.gp murhq;fk; jdpahu;
cupj;Jila mDkjpg;
gj;jpuk;
cila kj];jhd
nrhj;J
nkhy;fhit 66 44 30 05
guhnfhil fpof;F 168 73 40 ‐
guhnfhil Nkw;F 57 576 25 06
nkhj;jk; 291 693 95 11 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.
tPlikg;G kw;Wk; Rfhjhu epiyikfs; ,q;F fp.c gpupTfspy; 689 epue;jukhd tPLfSk; 135 jw;fhyf tPLfSk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,uz;L FLk;gq;fs; fhzpia nfhz;be;jhYk; tPLfs;
fhzg;gltpy;iy. %ytsj;jpul;bd; mbg;gilapy;> 87.3% Md FLk;gq;fs; ePu;
cl;Gfhj kyry$lq;fis nfhz;bUg;gJld; 10.5% Mdit vt;tpjkhd
kyry$lj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.
ml;ltiz 3.13: gpuNjrj;jpd; tPlikg;G kw;Wk; Rfhjhu epiyikfs;
fp.c.gp
trpg;gjw;F tPLs;s FLk;gq;fspd; vz;zpf;if tPL mw;w kyry$lq;fs;
jw;fhypfkh
d epue;jukhd gFjp
epu;khzpf;fg;
gl;l thlif
Njhl;l
k; fhzp
nrhe;j
khdJ
fhzp
,y;i
y ePu; Gfhj
Fop
kyry$
lk;
kyry
$lk;
,y;iy
nkhy;fhit 20 214 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 205 02 27
guhnfhil
fpof;F 72 210 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 243 15 24
guhnfhil
Nkw;F 43 265 ‐ 02 ‐ 02 ‐ 267 01 35
nkhj;jk; 135 689 ‐ 02 ‐ 02 715 18 86 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.
3.3.2 Mw;Wg; gadhspfs;
Gsj;jpq;fs gp.nr gpuptpd; nkhy;fhiy fp.c gpuptpy; kzy; mfo;T gpurpj;jkhf
fhzg;gl;lJ. ,d;Wk;$l Mw;wpd; topNa 5-10 NtWgl;l ,lq;fspy; Vwj;jho 10Ngu;
kzy; mfotpy; <Lgl;L tUfpd;wdu;. jpl;lj;jpd; jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gl;l gpuNjrj;jpDs;
vtUk; Mw;WePiu tptrhaj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jtpy;iy. Mw;wpd; kpfr;rpy gFjpfNs
kf;fspd; md;whl ePuhly; Njitf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. xU ,lk; khj;jpuk;
glFJiwahf gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vdpDk; jw;NghJ ,J gad;ghl;by; ,y;iy.
3.3.3 gpuNjrj;jpd; tUkhdkPl;Lk; %ytsq;fSk; KiwfSk;
ml;ltiz 3.14 ,y; tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sij Nghy gpuNjrj;jpy; 85 Ngu; mur
JiwapYk;> 180 Ngu; jdpahu; JiwapYk;> Fwpg;gplj;jf;fsthNdhu; (711) tptrha
JiwapYk; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. Ntiyaw;wtu;fspd; rdj;njhif xg;gPl;lstpy; mjpfkhf
fhzg;gLtJld; ,jd; ngWkhdk; 159 Mf cs;sJ. guhnfhil Njhl;lj;jpy;
cs;s 51 FLk;gq;fs; new;gapu;r;nra;ifapy; <Lgl;Ls;sJld;> 159 kw;Wk; 148
FLk;gq;fs; KiwNa Njapiy kw;Wk; ,wg;gu; nra;ifapy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;.
VidNahu;fspy;> guhnfhil fpof;fpy; 51 FLk;gq;fs; kuf;fwp nra;ifapYk;> 71
FLk;gq;fs; gor;nra;ifapYk; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. nkhy;fhit fp.c gpuptpy; 75
Vf;fu;fs; new;gapu;r;nra;ifapd; fPOk;> 55 Vf;fu;fs; Njapiy nra;ifapYk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. nkhy;fhiy fp.c. gpuptpy; ,wg;gu; nra;ifAk;
gpugy;akile;Js;sJld; ,J 63 Vf;fu;fspy; gue;Js;sJ. guhnfhil Nkw;fpy;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 60
cs;s kf;fs; 206 Vf;fu;fspy; new;nra;ifia Nkw;nfhs;tJld; 491 Vf;fu;fs;
,wg;gu; nra;ifapd; fPOk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. NjapiyahdJ 27 Vf;fu;fspy; kl;LNk
nra;if gz;zg;gLfpd;wJ. nkhy;fhit fp.c gpuptpy; cs;s 12 FLk;gq;fs;
rpy;yiw kw;Wk; nkhj;j tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgl;Ls;sJld; xU FLk;gkhdJ
tptrhaj;ij mbg;gilahf nfhz;l muprp gjg;gLj;Jk; ifj;njhopypy;
<Lgl;Ls;sJ. guhnfhil fpof;fpy; cs;s 9 FLk;gq;fs; jr;RNtiy kw;Wk;
cUf;fpUk;G Ntiyia nra;tJld;> 42 FLk;gq;fs; MLfs;> Nfhopfs; kw;Wk; khL
Nghd;w fhy;eil tsu;g;gpy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. 08 FLk;gq;fs; mtu;fSila
tUkhdj;ij tPl;Lj;Njhl;lj;jpypUe;Jk;> 03 FLk;gq;fs; nkhj;j kw;Wk; rpy;yiw
tpahghuj;jpy; <Lgl;Ls;sdu;. guhnfhil fpof;fpy; kpfr;rpy vz;zpf;ifahd
FLk;gq;fNs jkJ tUkhdj;ij NritJiw> mfo;T kw;Wk; rpW Vw;Wkjp gapu;
Jiwapd; %yk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. ml;ltiz 3.14: njhopy; epiyikfs;
fp.c.gp epiy jdpahu;
Jiw tptrha
Jiw Ra
njhopy; ntspehl;L
Ntiy Vid
a njhopyw;w
nkhy;fhit 18 74 327 77 ‐ ‐ 73
guhnfhil
fpof;F 38 62 164 48 18 139 86
guhnfhil
Nkw;F 30 44 220 15 10 182 ‐
nkhj;jk; 86 180 711 140 28 321 159 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.
3.3.4 ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; jw;NghJs;s #oy; mtjhdq;fs;> gpur;rpidfs;
my;yJ tplaq;fs;.
Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr gpupT jho; ehl;L <utyaj;jpw;FwpajhFk;. gpuNjrkhdJ njd;
Nky; gUtf;fhw;W fhyq;fspy; Nk> [_d;> kw;Wk; [_iy khjq;fspy; mjpfsT
kiotPo;r;rpia ngUfpd;wJ. ruhrup kiotPo;r;rp 3000kpkP MfTk; ruhrup ntg;gepiy
360nr MfTk; cs;sJ. Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; cw;gj;jp jpl;lkhdJ ,g;gpuNjr
nrayf gpupT kf;fspd; r%f-nghUshjhu kw;Wk; Rw;Wr;#oypy; ghijfs;>
njhopy;tha;g;G > Nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfs;> kw;Wk; kpd;rhuk; vd;gtw;wpd; %yk; ghupa
khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;jpAs;sJ.
,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; epyTk; kpfTk; cWj;Jzu;Tkpf;f Rw;Wr;#oy; gpur;rpid mbf;fb
epyTk; nts;sg;ngUf;fhFk;. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; kf;fspd; jftYf;F Vw;g>
Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F kd;du;> tUlj;jpw;F 5
jlitfshtJ rpW mstyhd nts;sg;ngUf;fpw;F Kfq;nfhLj;Js;sdu;.
,e;epiyikahdJ ePu;j;Njf;f epu;khzj;jpd; gpd;du; Fiwtile;Js;sJ. vdpDk;>
,tu;fs; 2003 kw;Wk; 2008 ,y; Vw;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;Ffspd; NghJ fLikahf
ghjpf;fg;gl;ldu;. ,J fLikahd kioapd;NghJ Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpd;
jpl;lkplg;glhj ePu; tpLtpg;gpdhy; epfo;e;jnjhd;W vd;gJ kf;fspd; mgpg;gpuhak;
MFk;.
3.3.5 fyhr;rhu kw;Wk; njhy;nghUspay; tplaq;fs;
g`paq;fy Fiffs; (Nyd) Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr gpuptpy; cs;s ehl;by; cs;s
tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cs;snjhU miktplkhFk;. ,q;F Vwj;jho 37>000
tUlq;fSf;F Ke;ija Mjp kdpjd; tho;e;j Fiffs; ,it vd ek;gg;gLfpd;wd.
,f;FifahdJ Mrpahtpy; cs;s kpfg;ngupa ,aw;ifahd fw;Fifahf
,Ug;gjw;fhd rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; cs;sd. FifahdJ fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 125kP
cauj;jpy; cs;sJ> ,jd; thapy; 55kP cauKilajhfTk; 60 kP ePsk;
nfhz;ljhfTk; cs;sJ.
vdpDk;> cj;Njr rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lkhdJ ,t; tuyhw;W kw;Wk; kjuPjpahd
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j gFjpapy; vt;tpj jhf;fj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;fhJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 61
3.3.6 jw;NghJs;s cl;fl;likg;G trjpfs; Nghf;Ftuj;J> njhlu;ghly;> kpd;rhu
toq;fy; Nghd;wd
Ma;Tg; gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; ngUk;ghyhd kf;fs; (508 FLk;gq;fs;) ghJfhg;ghd
fpzw;W ePiu cgNahfpg;gJld;> 53 FLk;gq;fs; ghJfhg;gw;w fpzWfis
gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.
,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; gpuahzpfspd; Nghf;Ftuj;J Ng&e;J %ykhdjhFk;. Ng&e;Jfs;
,g;gpuNjrj;jpD}lhf gy ,lq;fis Nehf;fp gazpg;gjd; %yk; kf;fspd;
nghf;Ftuj;J trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpapUf;fpd;wJ. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpYs;s kw;WnkhU
gpugy;akhd Nghf;Ftuj;J Kiw Kr;rf;fu tz;bahFk;. nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
gjhu;j;jq;fspd; nghf;Ftuj;J gpujhdkhf nyhupfs; kw;Wk; buf;lu;fs; %yk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ghij mfyk; Fiwthdjhf fhzg;gLk; gFjpfspy;
nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gjhu;j;jq;fspd; nghf;Ftuj;J gpujhdkhf khl;Ltz;bfs; %yk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
njhiyj;njhlu;G rhjdq;fspd; ghtid gpuNjrj;jpy; jpUg;jpfukhdjhf cs;sJ.
Fwpg;gpl;lsthd tPLfspy; epiyahd kw;Wk; nry;yplg;ngrpfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpw;fhd kpd;toq;fy; Njrpa kpd;tiyaikg;G %ykhFk;.
FbePu; toq;fy;> kpd;rhuk; kw;Wk; njhiyNgrp trjpfs; njhlu;ghd Gs;sptpgutpay;
ml;ltiz 3.15 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ml;ltiz 3.15: cl;fl;likg;G trjpfSf;fhd Vw;ghL
nkhy;fhit guhnfhil
fpof;F
guhnfhil
Nkw;F
nkhj;jk;
FbePu; %yk;
ghJfhf;fg;gl;l fpzW 141 113 254 508
ghJfhf;fg;glhj fpzW 07 42 04 53
Foha; fpzW ‐ 02 ‐ 02
nghJ fpzWfs; 18 15 12 45
MWfs; Xilfs; 41 74 04 119
Foha; ePu; 17 ‐ ‐ 17
Vidait 01 ‐ ‐ 01
nkhy;fhit guhnfhil
fpof;F
guhnfhil
Nkw;F
nkhj;jk;
kpd;rhuk;
kpd;rhuKs;s tPLfs; 203 182 264 649
Vida %yq;fs; ‐ ‐ 04 04
kpd;rhuk; ,y;iy 31 95 57 183
njhiyNgrp
epiyahd njh.Ng 20 48 55 123
nry;yplNgrp 171 204 215 590 %yk;: gpuNjr nrayfj;jpd; %ytsj;jpul;L> Gsj;rpq;fs> 2012.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 62
4. jpl;lj;jpdhy; Vw;glf;$Lnkd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; #oy; jhf;fq;fs;
4.1 kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly; gbT
4.1.1 epu;khzg;gzpfspd; NghJ kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly; gbT ghjpg;Gfs;
epyg;gug;gpypUe;J kz; fiue;J nry;Yjy; gpujhdkhf ,U fhuzpfspy;
jq;fpAs;sJ> mitahtd> kiotPo;r;rpapd; msT kw;Wk; rha;T tPjk;. jpl;lg;
gpuNjrj;ij fUj;jpw; nfhs;Sk;NghJ> kiotPo;r;rp ruhrupahdjhfTk; rha;T XusT
$bajhfTk; cs;sJ. ,U fiufSk; miz epu;khzj;jpw;fhf mfo;tpw;Fl;gLk;.
fhy;tha; kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya epu;khzj;jpw;fhf Mokhd mfo;T Ntiyfs;
Njitg;gLfpd;wd. mjdhy;> epu;khz fhyj;jpd;NghJ kz;zupg;Gk; Mw;wpy; tz;ly;
gbTk; Vw;gLk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glyhk;. MfNt> epu;khz eltbf;iffs; kio
fhyj;jpd; nghJ tiuthfNth my;yJ kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfNth jpl;lkplg;gLk;.
4.1.2 Mw;wq;fiuNahu kz;zupg;G
mizg;gFjpapy; Mw;wq;fiuapd; ,U fiufSk; epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ
mfo;Tf;Fl;gLtJld; fzprkhdsT kz;zupg;igAk; Vw;gLj;Jk;. Fsg;gpuNjrj;jpy;
Mw;wq;fiuapd; rpy; gFjpfs; Mw;wpd; ePu;kl;l NtWghL fhuzkhf
mupg;gpw;Fl;glyhk;. ,lJ Mw;wq;fiufspd; tpLtpg;G gpuNjrk; kz;zupg;gpw;F
cl;gLtjw;fhd rhj;jpaq;fs; FiwthFk;.
4.1.3 kz;zpd; ];j;jpuj;jd;ik FiwjYk; mjpfupj;j kz; rupTfSk;
ePuizg;gFjp> fhy;tha;> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; kw;Wk; ghij vd;gtw;wpd;
mfoe;njLf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspd; Nkw;gFjp cWjpapof;fyhk;. Fsj;ijr; #oTs;s
gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; ePu; tpLtpf;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpy; Mw;wq;fiufs; epiyapoj;jy;
Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;fJ.
4.2 ePupay; jhf;fq;fs;
4.2.1 jpl;lj;jpd; tpisthf gpuNjrj;jpy; Vw;glf;$Lk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk;
nts;sg;ngUf;F gpur;rpidfs;
gpuNjrj;jpy; epyTk; nts;sg;ngUf;F gpur;rpidfs; -xU ghu;it
Nky; ePNue;Jg;gFjpfspy; ngwg;gLfpd;w nrwpe;j kiotPo;r;rpahdJ MW ,t;
nts;sg;ngUf;F ePupid jhq;fp nfhs;sf;$ba epiy ,y;yhjNghJ fPohw;W
Mw;Wg;gLf;iffspy; nts;sg;ngUf;if Vw;gLj;Jk;. nrwpe;j kiotPo;r;rp cs;tuT
ntspNaw;wj;ij tpl mjpfupf;Fk; NghJ jho; epyq;fSk; nts;sg;ngUf;fpw;F
cl;gLk;. fSj;Jiw khtl;lj;jpd; tpNrlkhf Gsj;rpq;fs> kJuty> njhlq;nfhl>
kpy;yhdpah kw;Wk; fSj;Jiw gp.nr.gp vd;gd mbf;fb mz;ikf;fhyq;fspy;
$Ljy; vz;zpf;ifahd fLikahd nts;sg;ngUf;F epfo;Tfshy;
mDgtg;gl;bUf;fpd;wdu;. cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpw;F cldb fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; trpf;fpd;w
kf;fsplkpUe;J> tpNrlkhf nkhy;fht> guhnfhl Nkw;F kw;Wk; fy`pl;ba
fp.c.gpfspy; ,Ue;J $Ljyhd Kiwg;ghLfs; ngwg;gl;Ls;sd.
EIA Ma;tpd;NghJ> cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpid #oTk; cs;s fpuhkj;jtu;fspdhy;
Kfq;nfhLf;fg;gl;l nts;s gpur;rpidfs; tpupthf Ma;tp;w;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;ld.
Kd;djhf gjpT nra;ag;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;F gw;wpa juTfs; ePu;g;ghrd
jpizf;fsj;jplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;lJld;> Ff;FNy fq;if> Flhfq;if
kw;Wk; fSfq;if> Mfpatw;wpd; Mtzq;fSk; Muhag;gl;ld. cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;
kw;Wk; fpuhkj;jtu;fspd; fUj;Jf;fs; $l;lq;fis elhj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Kiwrhuh
fye;Jiuahly;fs; %yk; ngwg;gl;ld. EIA Ma;tpd;NghJ> 2014 [_d; 4k; jpfjp xU
Nkhrkhd nts;sg;ngUf;F mdu;j;jk; Vw;gl;lJ. kpy;ypfe;j Mw;W kl;l mstPl;L
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 63
epiyaj;jpy; gjpT nra;ag;gl;l cau; nts;sg;ngUf;F msT 869.92m3/s MFk;. ,J
r.f.k ,ypUe;J 10.28m nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lj;jpw;F rkhdkhdjhFk;. nkhy;fht
gioa re;jpapy; nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lj;ij fhl;Lk; Gifg;glk; 4.1 ,y;
jug;gl;Ls;sJ. kpy;ypfe;j kw;Wk; Gl;Lngsy Mw;W ePu;kl;l mstPl;L epiyaq;fspy;
mstplg;gl;l ePu; kl;lk; cU 4.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
Gifg;glk; 4.1: mz;ikapy; 2014 [_d; 04 ,y; Vw;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lk;
cU 4.1: fPo; fS fq;if njhFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; Mw;WePu; kl;l mstPl;L
epiyaq;fs;
nkhy;fhit gioa
re;jp
nts;s
kl;lk;
kpy;yfe;j
Gl;Lngsy
Flh fq;if
fS fq;if
Ff;FNy
fq;if
Proposed project area
To Kalutara
ehufy ghyk;
ehJghd ghyk;
fyhnty;yth ghyk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 64
cU 4.2(i): kpy;yfe;j ePu;kl;l khwy;
%yk;: ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;
cU 4.2(ii): Gl;Lngsy ePu;kl;l khwy;
%yk;: ePu;g;ghrdj; jpizf;fsk;
kpy;yfe;j Mw;W ePu;kl;l mstPl;L epiyaj;jpy; gjpTnra;ag;gl;l tuyhw;W uPjpahd
nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lq;fs; ml;ltiz 4.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
,g;gpujrq;fspy; nts;sg;ngUf;F epiyikfs; gy jiuj;Njhw;wk;> fhyepiy
khw;wq;fspd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba kiotPo;r;rp nrwpT> fPo; fS fq;if Mw;W
tiyaikg;gpd; jd;ik> kw;Wk; kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l eltbf;iffs; Nghd;w
fhuzpfspd; $l;lhf tpgupf;fg;glyhk;. ,f;fhuzpfSld; njhlu;Gila rpy
mtjhdq;fs; fPNo tpgupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
gpuNjrj;jpd; epyj;Njhw;wk; cj;Njr jpl;lg;gpuNjrk; tiuAk;> Ff;FNy fq;if xLq;fpa rkhe;jukhd
gs;sj;jhf;fpy; gha;fpd;wJ. gpd;du; MW xg;gPl;lstpy; jho; nts;sg;ngUf;F
gLf;ifapDs; Fiwe;j Mw;W rha;Tld; Eiofpd;wJ. cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; cldb
fPohw;Wg;gFjpapYs;s ngUk;ghyhd gpuNjrq;fs; cU 4.3: gpuNjrj;jpd;
epyj;Njhw;wtikg;ig fhl;Lk; $Fy; tiuglj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sij Nghy r.f.k
,ypUe;J 10kP f;Fk; FiwthfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gpuNjrj;jpd; rkTauf;Nfhl;L
tpguq;fs; cU 3.1: epyj;Njhw;w tiuglj;jpy; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 65
cU 4.3: gpuNjrj;jpd; epyj;Njhw;wk;
Area below 10m MSL having natural tendency of flood risk
Millakanda River Gauging Station
Kukule Ganga
Proposed project area
CEB’s Kukule GangaReservoir
Paragoda West
Galahitiya
Paragoda East
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 66
ml;ltiz 4.1: kpy;ypfe;j Mw;W ePu; kl;l mstPl;L epiyaj;jpy; tuyhw;W uPjpahd
nts;sg;ngUf;Ffs;
ePNue;jg; gpuNjrk; : 780.29 km2
mstPl;L G+r;rpak; : 0.04m
mz;ika fle;j fhyk; (91/92 ,d;Wtiu) fle;j fhyk; (50/51 to 76/77)
ePu; tUlk; nts;s
cr;rk; m3/s jpfjp
ePu; tUlk; nts;s
cr;rk; m3/s
91/92 537.85 06‐06‐92 50/51 591.30
92/93 674.16 29‐06‐93 51/52 571.06
93/94 703.46 28‐05‐94 52/53 481.02
94/95 425.37 07‐06‐95 53/54 NA
95/96 458.48 09‐10‐95 54/55 713.61
96/97 486.64 24‐09‐97 55/56 512.33
97/98 532.00 20‐07‐98 56/57 NA
98/99 726.00 21‐04‐99 57/58 447.55
99/00 569.01 15‐10‐99 58/59 241.36
00/01 275.44 07‐10‐00 59/60 275.03
01/02 200.66 14‐05‐02 60/61 218.12
02/03 1,020.86 18‐05‐03 61/62 571.06
03/04 380.30 20‐09‐04 62/63 544.44
04/05 359.50 06‐09‐05 63/64 438.81
05/06 356.31 23‐06‐06 64/65 NA
06/07 405.32 28‐10‐06 65/66 1,166.28
07/08 1,320.45 01‐06‐08 66/67 1,016.69
08/09 421.77 18‐08‐09 67/68 NA
09/10 617.85 20‐05‐10 68/69 1,139.98
10/11 528.14 30‐04‐11 69/70 392.71
11/12 263.79 13‐12‐11 70/71 905.69
12/13 536.43 02‐11‐12 71/72 925.70
13/14 869.92 04‐07‐14 72/73 271.64
73/74 544.44
74/75 NA
75/76 528.39
76/77 534.72
77/78 njhlf;fk; 90/91 tiu juTfs;
fhzg;gltpy;iy. %yk;: ,uj;jpdGupia
tpNrlkhf nfhz;l fSfq;ifapd; nts;s
ghJfhg;G jpl;lj;jpd; Kd; tha;g;G ghu;f;Fk; Ma;T
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 67
fhyepiy khw;w jhf;fk; ghuJ}ukhd epfo;Tfs; (nts;sg;ngUf;F> twl;rp Nghd;wd.) fhyepiy
khw;wj;jpdhy; gpujhdkhf kiotPo;r;rpapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jhy;> cr;rk; $bajhfTk;
mbf;fbAk; vw;glf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> fhyepiy khw;wj;jpdhy;
<ug; gpuNjrq;fs; NkYk; NkYk; <ukhtJld; cyu; gpuNjrq;fs; NkYk; NkYk;
twd;ljhf khWk;. cjhuzkhf> fle;j rpy jrhg;gjq;fspy;> ,yq;ifahdJ njd;
Nky; gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; gy ghuJ}ukhd kiotPo;r;rpia njd;Nky; gUtf;fhw;W
fhyq;fspy; (Nk njhlf;fk; nrg;njk;gu;) re;jpj;Js;sJld; kw;Wk; ,jw;F khwhf
tlfpof;F kw;Wk; tl kj;jpa gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; ney; kw;Wk; Vida gapupLk;
fhyq;fspy; fLikahd twl;rpia re;jpj;jpUf;fpd;wJ.
mz;ikf;fhy fhyepiy khw;w Ma;tfs; ,yq;ifapy; kiotPo;r;rp FiwAk; xU
Nghf;fpid fz;lwpe;Js;sJld; ,jw;F khwhf> xU ehs; fLikahd kiotPo;r;rp
epfo;tfs; mjpfupj;Js;sikAk; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. ghuJ}ukhd kiotPo;r;rp
epfo;Tfspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfupg;gJ vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glyhk;> ,J ,bAld; $ba
nts;sg;ngUf;F epiyikia Njhw;Wtpf;fyhk;. mz;ika Ma;Tfspd; rpy
mDkhdq;fs; fPNo jug;gl;Ls;sd;
Ma;TfSf;F Vw;g> jPtpd; Nkw;F kw;Wk; njd; Nkw;F gpuhe;jpaj;jpw;F
toikahf kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l njd;Nky; gUtf;fhw;W kioahdJ> mjpfupj;Jr;
nry;Yk; epiynahd;W njspthf mtjhdpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. (fyhepjp
b.Mu.v].gp.g];dhaf;f> ,yq;ifapy; fhyepiy khw;k;).
,yq;ifapy; tpNrlkhf njd;Nkw;F gFjpapy; 24 kzpj;jpahyaj;jpw;Fwpa
cau; nrwpthd kiotPo;r;rp mjpfupj;Jr; nry;Yk; Xu; xOq;F
fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;tjpfupg;ghdJ gpujhdkhf njd;-Nkw;fpfs;
(gUtf;fhw;wpdhy; my;yJ #whtsp Fog;gq;fspd; Neubahd my;yJ
kiwKfkhd jhf;fj;jpdhy;) fhuzkhf vOfpd;wJ. ([p.bp.rkurpq;f>
fhyepiy khw;wj;jpd; ePz;l fhy vjpu;T$wy;: ,yq;ifapd; vjpu;fhy
epiyik> fhyepiy jpizf;fsk;).
,yq;iff;fhd Njrpa fhyepiy khw;w ,iaghf;f fUJNfhs; - 2011
njhlf;fk; 2016: Rw;whly; mikr;rpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;l ePu;rhu; Jiw
Mgj;jpw;Fl;gLk; fl;likg;G> 2012 fhyepiy khw;wj;jpdhy; <utyaj;jpy;
vw;gLk; kiotPo;r;rpapd; fLik mjpfupg;G nts;sg;ngUf;F jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;gLk;
MWfspd; nts;sg;ngUf;F mghaq;fis mjpfupf;Fk; vd
mwpf;ifg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. kiotPo;r;rp nghJthf cau;thf fhzg;gLk;
gpuhe;jpaq;fspy; fhyepiy khw;w epiyikfshy; kiotPo;r;rpapd; fLik
mjpfupf;Fk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtJld;> ,J nts;sg;ngUf;F kw;Wk; kz;rupT
Vw;gLk; jlitfspd; vz;zpf;ifia mjpfupf;Fk;. ,t; Ma;Tfs; njd; Nky; gpuNjrq;fspy; tuyhw;W uPjpahd kiotPo;r;rpapd; fLik
mjpfupg;gpid vLj;Jf; fhl;LtJld; ,jdhy; nts;sg;ngUf;F mjpfk; Vw;glf;$ba
MWfspy; ,Ue;J mbf;fb epyTk; fLikahd nts;sg;ngUf;F epfo;Tfs;> jho;
epy gpuNjrq;fspy; thOk; ,r;r%fq;fspd;> tpNrlkhf NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l fp.c.gp
fspy; cs;s> kf;fspdhy; vjpu;Nehf;fg;gLk; gpur;rpidfs; NkYk; jPtpukhFk;
vd;gij fhl;Lfpd;wd.
jho; fS fq;if Mw;W tiyaikg;gpd; jd;ik
nghJthf> vyfhttpw;F fPo; kw;Wk; fSj;Jiw ntsptPo;r;rp tiuahd
fSfq;ifapd; fPohw;Wg;gFjp jho; fS fq;if vd fzf;fpnyLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
gpujhd fS fq;if ,g; gFjpapy; Fiwe;jsT rha;TtPjj;ij nfhz;Ls;sJ.
mq;FUthnjhl;ltpd; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; ,izAk; gpujhd fpisahWfspy;
xd;whd Flh fq;if> fS fq;iff;F fzprkhdsT ePiu nfhz;L Nru;f;fpd;wJ.
Ff;FNy fq;if-Flh fq;if rha;T jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;j;Njf;fk;
kw;Wk; nkhy;fhthtpy; mikaTs;s cj;Njr mizg;gFjpf;Fk; ,ilapyhd
epytauk; 12.5fpkP Mw;wpd; gFjpapy; 190kP ,ypUe;J 8kP f;F rLjpahf Fiwtjdhy;
mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. ,jd; gpd;du; tUk; kpy;ypfe;j Mw;WePu; mstpLk; epiyak;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 68
mike;Js;s fyhnty;yth ghyk; tiuahd 17fpkP Mw;Wj;Jz;lk; 5.5kP cau
tpj;jpahrj;ijNa fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
nts;sg;ngUf;F epiyikfspd;NghJ> MWfspd; mjpfupj;j ntspaPLfs; xd;whf
,ize;J nry;fpd;wd. ,jd; xU njhlu; tpisthf> Fiwe;j Mw;wpd; rha;T>
ntspaplg;gl;l fdtsT fhuzkhf> xt;nthU tUlj;jpYk; mw;wpd; tpLtpg;G
Fiwfpd;wJ. ,jdhy; fSfq;if kw;Wk; Flh fq;if Mfpa ,uz;L fhy;tha;f;Fk;
ePu;gpd;D}l;ly; tpisit fhl;Lfpd;wJ. ,t; Njhw;wg;ghL Mw;wpd; CNl gy jho;
kl;l gpuNjrq;fis ghjpf;fpd;wJ.
jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J mtrufhy tpLtpg;Gfs;
cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;FNy rpePkpjp ,w;F Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; jw;NghJ
mike;Js;s ,.kp.r apd; Ff;FNy fq;f ePu;kpd; jpl;l mizf;fl;by; nts;s ePiu
tpLtpg;gjw;fhf 4 Miuf;Fwpa gliyfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpw;F ePiu cs;nsLf;Fk; Ruq;fk; nrf;fDf;F 48.0 m3/s ePiu
tpLtpf;Fk; nfhs;ssTilaJ. xt;nthU gliyAk; 9.3kP cauKk; kw;Wk; 12kP
mfyKk; nfhz;ljhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ePu;j;Njf;fk; c.nt.k ,y; ,Uf;Fk; NghJ
,J 2,365m3/s tpLtpg;G nfhs;ssit nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. ,t; nts;s
tpLtpg;G 10>000 tUlq;fs; jpUk;gy; fhyj;jpw;F rkkhdjhFk;. MfNt> mdu;j;j
epiyikfspd; NghJ> tbe;NjhLk; gFjpa;d vy;yh gliyfSk; jpwf;fg;gLk;
re;jug;gj;jpy;> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; thNyhl;l tpLtpg;G 48 m3/s cld; Nru;j;J
Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpypUe;J 2413.0 m3/s cr;r nts;sk;
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> Ff;FNy fq;if jpl;lj;jpw;F fPohf
Nkyjpfkhd 32.0 r.fp.kP ePNue;Jg;gFjp fhzg;gLfpd;wikapdhy;> ,JTk; 225.0 m3/s mstpy; mt;nts;sg;ngUf;fpw;F cWJizahFk;. MfNt> Ff;FNy ePu;j;Njf;f
gliyfs; jpwe;jpUf;Fk;NghJ Ff;FNy fq;if eP.kp.jp ,d; fPohw;Wg;gFjp
ePNue;Jg;gpuNjrj;jpy; fLikahd kiotPo;r;rp fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd kjpg;gpLk; NghJ
cj;Njr jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; 2638 m3/s Mff; $ba cr;r nts;sk;
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glyhk;. ,t; kjpg;gPL MdJ Ff;FNy ePu;j;Njf;fk; kw;Wk; cj;Njr
NghfhN`d rp.eP.kp.jp ,w;F ,ilNa nts;sk; jpUk;gyilAk; nraw;ghl;bdhy;
cr;r nts;sg;ngUf;F kl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; FiwT vDk; vz;zf;fU ftdj;jpy;
nfhs;sg;gltpy;iy.
,jpypUe;J> xUtu;> mdu;j;j epiyik xd;wpd; NghJ Ff;FNy fq;ifapd; midj;J
gliyfSk; jpwf;fg;gl;lhy; 100 tUl nraw;ifahd nts;sg;ngUf;F xd;iw
vjpu;ghu;f;fyhk; vd njspthfpd;wJ. ,q;F ,.kp.r ahdJ mtrufhy nts;s
tpLtpg;gpw;fhd ePNue;Jg;gpuNjr kiotPo;r;rp fz;fhzpg;G nghwpKiw xd;wpid
nraw;gLj;jtpy;iy vd;gJ Gydhfpd;wJ.
cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lj;jpdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;
cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;FNy rpePkpjp.> xU Mw;wpd;Xl;lk; tiff;Fwpa
jpl;lkhifapdhy;> mizg;gFjpapy; rPuhf;Fk; nraw;ghLfSf;fhf kl;LNk
rpwpastpyhdnjhU Njf;fk; fhzg;gLk;. ,t;tbikg;ghdJ 100 Mz;L jpUk;gy;
fhyj;jpw;Fwpa tpLtpg;gpypUe;J ruhrup fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 1kP kl;LNk
cauj;jg;gLk; tifapy; tbtikf;fg;gLk; (mjhtJ mizg;gFjpapy; r.f.k
,ypUe;J 16kP rkTauf;NfhL). mj;Jld;> cj;Njr mizia tbtikf;Fk;NghJ>
jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;j;Njf;fk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLk;. MfNt>
cj;Njr mizf;fl;L fhuzkhf fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; jPtpuk;
mjpfupf;fg;gLk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fKbahJ. ,.kp.r apd; Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lk;
kw;Wk; cj;Njr fUj;jpl;lk; vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapyhd xU xg;gPL gpd;tUkhW;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 69
ml;ltiz 4.2: ,.kp.r apd; Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; kw;Wk; cj;Njr
fUj;jpl;lk; vd;gtw;wpw;fpilapyhd xU xg;gPL
Fwpfhl;b
,.kp.r apd;
Ff;FNy fq;if
jpl;lk;
cj;Njr
NghfhN`d rpePkpjp
ePu;j;jpUg;Gk; fl;likg;gpd; tif mizf;fl;L ePuiz
ePu;j;jpUg;Gk; fl;likg;gpd; gupkhdq;fs; H‐18m; L‐110m H‐2.5m; L‐62m
ePNue;jg;gpuNjrk; (km2) 342 372
ePu;j;Njf;f nfhs;ssT (MCM) 1.6 0.043
ePu;j;Njf;f gpuNjrk; c.t.k ,y; (ha) 88 2.7
ePu;j;jpUg;g gFjpapy;
nts;sg;ngUf;F gliyfs; 4 Miug;gliyfs; 9.3 m x
12.0 m nts;sg; gliyfs;
,y;iy
nghUj;jg;gl;l kpd;nfhs;ssT (MW) 70 2.3
tUlhe;j kpd;Dw;gj;jp (GWh) 317 11.38
4.2.2 ePu;ka Ma;tpd; ngNgWfs;
ePu;ka Ma;tpd; gpujhd Nehf;fkhf miktJ cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzk;
fhuzkhf nts;sg;ngUf;fpy; Vw;glf;$ba mjpfupg;G fhuzkhf Vw;gLk;
jhf;fq;fis fzpg;gpLjy; MFk;. cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; Nkyhw;W kw;Wk; fPohw;W
gFjpfspd; Mw;Wg;gug;gpy; ePu; kl;lq;fis khjpupg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf gy
vz;zpf;ifahd ePu;ka khjpupfs; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;ld. (gpz;zpizg;G IX: ePu;ka Ma;T
mwpf;if).
,t; Ma;tpw;fhf> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; miz cl;gl khnfyp Xah Ff;FNy
fq;ifAld; ,izAk; gFjp> ,q;Fjhd; ,.kp.r Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpd;
RoypapypUe;J ePu; tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ> tiuahd 5.2fp.kP ePskhd Mw;wpd; gug;G
,U fiufSk; ePu;ka khjpupf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;ld. khjpupapy; kpd;Dw;gj;jp
epiyaj;jpd; miktplk; 1250kP kw;Wk; mizapdJ miktplk; 1750kP MFk;.
Mff;$ba Nkyhw;Wg; gFjp khnfyp Xah ,izAk; gFjpahd 5200kP MFk;.
,j;J}uq;fs; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapypUe;J Nkyhw;Wg;gFjp tiu msf;fg;gl;ld.
Mw;Wg;gug;gpd; khjpupg;gLj;jYf;fhf> cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; kw;Wk; khnfyp
Xah ,izAk; gFjpf;F ,ilNa 13 FWf;Fntl;L Kfq;fs; ngwg;gl;ld.
khjpupg;gLj;jYf;fhf> Mw;wpd; Kbtplq;fs;> cj;Njr kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyag;gFjp
kw;Wk; khnfypXah ,izAk; gFjp vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ftjw;fhf 13 FWf;F
ntl;L Kfq;fs; ngwg;gl;ld. miktplq;fSk; FWf;Fntl;L Kfq;fSk;
gpz;zpizg;G IX: ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;if ,Yk; KiwNa cU.8 kw;Wk; cU.9
,Yk; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
khjpupg;gLj;jYf;fhf> 10>25>50 kw;Wk; 100 tUl jpUk;gy; fhy cr;r nts;sq;fs;
ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,t; ePu;ka khjpupfs; cj;Njr miz ,y;yhj
re;ju;g;gj;jpy; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l epge;jidfSf;F tbtikf;fg;gl;ld. gpd;du;
khjpupg;gLj;jypy; miz cs;slf;fg;gl;L khjpupfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. ,Wjpahf>
jw;NghJs;s ,.kp.r ,d; Ff;FNy ePu; kpd; jpl;lj;jpd; nts;sg; gliyfs;
jpwf;fg;gLkhdhy; Vw;glf;$ba nraw;ifahd 10000 tUlq;fSf;fhd jpUk;gy;
nts;sg;ngUf;fpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fq;fis mwptjw;F khjpupg;gLj;jy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. khjpupg;gLj;jy; nrad;Kiwapd; ngWNgWfs; ml;ltiz 4.2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 70
ml;ltiz 4.3: Mw;wpd; topNa khjpupg;gLj;jg;gl;l ePu; kl;lq;fs; - r.f.k. ,ypUe;J
jpUk;gy; fhyk;
(Mz;Lfs;)
khjpupapy;
cs;sJ
Nghy J}uk; (m)
1,000 1,250 1,410 1,750 2,000 2,350 2,541 2,910 3,300 3,890 4,550 5,200
mizapypU
e;J J}uk; (m) ‐750 ‐500 ‐340 0 250 600 791 1,160 1,550 2,140 2,800 3,450
mizapd;
fPohw;Wg;gFjp mizapd; Nkyhw;Wg;gFjp
100 mizapd;wp 16.73 17.28 17.23 17.42 19.03 19.88 22.47 22.55 22.96 23.55 24.73 26.05
mizAs;s 16.73 17.28 17.23 21.89 21.50 21.60 22.92 22.98 23.29 23.55 24.73 26.05
50 mizapd;wp 16.20 16.71 16.65 16.93 18.52 19.37 21.79 21.90 22.34 22.92 24.03 25.48
mizAs;s 16.20 16.71 16.65 21.41 21.09 21.16 22.30 22.36 22.70 22.92 24.03 25.48
25 mizapd;wp 15.77 16.26 16.19 16.59 18.14 19.01 21.28 21.41 21.90 22.45 23.49 25.01
mizAs;s 15.77 16.26 16.19 21.04 20.77 20.82 21.83 21.91 22.25 22.45 23.49 25.01
10 mizapd;wp 15.19 15.64 15.56 16.12 17.60 18.53 20.61 20.76 21.30 21.82 22.87 24.20
mizAs;s 15.19 15.64 15.56 20.54 20.32 20.35 21.20 21.29 21.66 21.82 22.87 24.20
Ff;FNy
gliy
jpBnud
jpwf;fg;g
ly;
mizapd;wp 17.62 18.29 18.22 18.24 20.02 21.34 23.7 23.75 24.06 24.54 26.04 27.08
mizAs;s 17.62 18.29 18.22 22.68 22.14 22.31 24.02 24.06 24.3 24.54 26.04 27.08
4.2.3 fPohw;Wg;gFjp jhf;fq;fs;
rhjhuzkhf> fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; ePu;j;Njf;fq;fis Nghy
mizf;F gpd;dhy; ghupasT ePiu Nrkpj;J itj;jpUe;J mtw;iw tpLtpg;gjw;fhd
ghupa gliyfs; fhzg;gLk;NghNj rhj;jpakhFk;. mizapd; cauk; 2.5kP MfTk;
62kP ePsKs;sjhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cau; toq;fy; kl;lkhd 15.0kP r.f.k
,d;NghJ mizahdJ 0.043 MCM msthd ePiu kl;LNk jd;Ds; itj;jpUf;Fk;.
vdNt nts;sg;ngUf;Fld; xg;gpLk;NghJ ,jd; %yk; gw;wpg;gpbj;J
itj;jpUf;fg;gLk; ePupd; msT Kf;fpaj;Jtkw;wjhFk;. ,jdhy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy;
ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fs; Vw;glhJ vd;gJld;> ml;ltiz 4.3 ck; fPohw;Wg;gFjp
Mw;Wg; gug;gpy; vt;tpjkhd nts;s mjpfupg;G nry;thf;Fk; Vw;glhJ vd;gij
fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 71
4.2.4 Nkyhw;Wg;gFjp jhf;fq;fs;
(i) ePupy; %o;fbf;fg;gLk; epyj;jpd; msT
The river reach considered in the model subjects to floods under natural conditions even without the proposed weir. A complete topographic survey was carried out at 1m contour intervals to cover the area which goes under water during a 100 year to 10 year floods and also due to opening of all the spillway gates when Kukule reservoir is at high flood level and are depicted in maps given in Annex IX: Hydraulic Study Report. Under all conditions, only a few houses could be affected. According to the information available from the residents, four houses had been affected during 2003 flood, which was the most critical during the recent past.
,k;khjpupapy; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gl;l Mw;wpd; gug;ghdJ cj;Njr miz ,d;wpAk;
$b ,aw;ifahd epge;jidfspd; fPo; nts;sg;ngUf;fpw;F cl;gLk;. 100 tUl 10
tUl nts;sg;ngUf;F kw;Wk; jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpd;
midj;J gliyfSk; jpwf;fg;gLtjdhy; Vw;glf;$ba jhf;fj;jpdhy; ePupy;
%o;fbf;fg;glf;$ba gpuNjrj;ij cs;slf;Fk; tifapy; 1kP rkTauf;Nfhl;L
,ilntspapy; xU KOikahd jiuj;Njhw;w Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,J
gpz;zpizg;G IX: ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;ifapy; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. vy;yh epge;jidfspd;
fPOk;> rpy tPLfs; kl;LNk ghjpf;fg;glyhk;. trpg;ghsu;fsplkpUe;J ngwg;gl;l
jfty;fspd; mbg;gilapy;> mz;ikf;fhyj;jpy; Vw;gl;l kpf ghuJ}ukhd 2003
nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; NghJ 4 tPLfs; ghjf;fg;gl;ljhf njupfpd;wJ.
nts;sg;ngUf;F epiyikia mjpfupg;gjw;F cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; jhf;fk;
Ma;tpw;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;lJld;> Mw;wpd; ,U fiufspdJk; $ba rupT fhuzkhf ,t;
jhf;fkhdJ kpfTk; ,opthdjhf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ vd ml;ltiz 4.3 fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mjpfupf;fg;gl;l %o;Fk; jhf;fk; mizapd; Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; 1550 kP tiu
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;L fhzg;gLk;. mizg;gFjpapy; 100 tUlfhy nts;sg;ngUf;fpd;
nghJ Mff; $Ljyhf 4.47kP ePu;kl;l cau;T fhl;Lk; vd;gJld; ,t; kl;lk; 2300kP
gFjpf;F nry;Yk; NghJ> mJ 1550kP Nkyhw;Wg;gFjp> gbg;gbahf Fiwe;J
Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f msTf;F nry;Yk;.
,.kp.r Ff;FNy fq;if kpd; jpl;lj;jpd; kpd;Dw;gj;jp ntspaPl;L ePuhdJ khnfypXah
re;jpg;gpy; kPz;Lk; Ff;FNy fq;iff;F tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ePu;ka Ma;Tfspd;
Kbtpd; gb cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf vy;yh epiyikfspd;
fPOk; cUthf;fg;gLk; nts;sg;ngUf;F Fwpj;j Mw;Wr;re;jpg;ig vr;re;ju;g;gj;jpYk;
vl;lhJ. mjdhy; jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if jpl;lj;jpy; vt;tpj jhf;fj;ijAk;
Vw;gLj;jhJ.
gy;NtW jlitfSf;fhd ePupy; %o;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpd; gpd;tUk; gpz;zpizg;G IX : ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;if ,y; cs;s tiuglk; 1 njhlf;fk; tiuglk; 5 tiuahd
Ie;J tiuglq;fspy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. vy;yh epiyikfSf;Fkhd tiuglq;fs;
,uz;L njhFjpfshf> (i) rkTauf;nfhl;l tiuglq;fspy;> (ii) $Fy;
tiug;glq;fspy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. ,.kp.r Ff;FNy fq;if kpd; jpl;lj;jpd;
kpd;Dw;gj;jp ntspaPl;L ePuhdJ khnfypXah re;jpg;gpy; kPz;Lk; Ff;FNy fq;iff;F
tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;w gFjpahdJ tiuglk; 5- $Fy; glj;jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;
tiuglq;fspy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;l ntt;NtW epge;jidfSf;fhd mjpfupf;fg;gl;l
nts;sg;ngUf;F jhf;fk; ml;ltiz 4.4 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 72
ml;ltiz 4.4 ‐ ntt;NtW epge;jidfSf;fhd mjpfupf;fg;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;F
gpuNjrk;
re;ju;g;gk; %o;fbg;G (ha) tiugl ,y.*
10 tUl nts;sk; 5.130 tiuglk; 1
25 tUl nts;sk; 3.353 tiuglk; 2
50 tUl nts;sk; 3.188 tiuglk; 3
100 tUl nts;sk; 3.370 tiuglk; 4
Ff;FNy gliyfspd;
rLjpahd jpwg;G 1.884 tiuglk; 5
* gpz;zpizg;G XI : ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;ifapy; tiuglq;fs; 1-5 tiuahd tiuglq;fs;
mbg;gilapy;
ml;ltiz 4.4 ,ypUe;J mizapd; fhuzkhf %o;fbf;Fk; jhf;fk; 10 tUl
nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; NghJ cau;thdjhFk; vd njspthfpd;wJ. Ff;FNy
fq;ifapdhy; tpLtpf;fg;gLk; nts;sg;ngUf;F kpf cau;thdjhf fhzg;gl;lhYk;
cj;Njr mizf;fl;bdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk; mt;tsT cau;thdjy;y. ,J Vnddpy;>
Fl;ilahd mizf;fl;Lfs; cau; nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; NghJ ePupy; %o;Ftjhy;> ,J
nts;sk; cs;tUk; tPjj;jpw;F Neupilahdjhf fhzg;glNtz;bajpy;iy.
(ii) ePupy; tPLfs; %o;fbf;fg;gLjy;
,q;F Mw;wpd; ,UGwKk; cs;s 10 tPLfs; nts;sg;ngUf;F tyaj;jpDs;
cs;sjhf Iag;gLfpd;wd. ,t;tPLfspd; miktplq;fs; GPS miktplg;Gs;spfspd;
%yk; %o;fbf;Fk; tiuglj;jpy; Fwpj;J fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;tPLfspd;
mikTg;Gs;spfs; ,t;thW tiuglj;jpy; Fwpf;fg;gLk; NghJ MW tPLfs; kl;LNk
jhf;fj;jpw;F cl;gLk; gpuNjrj;jpw;F mfg;gLfpd;wnjd mwpag;gl;lJ. gpd;du;
,t;tPLfspd; mj;jpthu kl;lk; mstplg;gl;L jiukl;lk; cWjpg;gLj;jy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,t;tha;tpd; %yk; Iag;ghl;Lf;Fs;shd ,t; Ma;thdJ
re;Njfj;jpw;fplkhd ,t; MW tPLfSk; fs Ma;tpd; NghJ epr;rag;gLj;jg;gl;lJld;
tpguq;fs; ml;ltiz 4.5 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
ml;ltiz 4.5: Iag;ghl;Lf;Fs;shd tPLfspd; tpguq;fs;
tPL ,y.
* tPl;L cupikahupd; ngau; mizapypUe;J
J}uk; (m) cauk; (m
MSL)
1 [p.FRkh uQ;rdp 843.43 22.50
2 fue;jfhuNf tpn[jhr 1148.96 22.00
3 Nrhkrpwp 1075.96 22.75
4 fue;jfhuNf rhe;j 1113.13 22.50
5 [p.lg;spt;.rkurpq;f 1148.96 22.56
6 rJfhFUNf ,Nkrp/[hdf 1217.85 23.00 * gpz;zpizg;G XI : ePu;ka Ma;T mwpf;ifapy; tiuglq;fs; 1-5 tiuahd tiuglq;fs;
mbg;gilapy;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 73
khjpup Ma;tpd; gb> NkNy Fwpg;gpl;l xt;nthU tPLfspdJk; miktplq;fs;
gpd;tUkhW:
a. 10tUl jpUk;gy; nts;sj;jpd;NghJ ,jpy; ve;jnthU tPLk; ghjpf;fhJ.
b. 25 tUl jpUk;gy; nts;sj;jpd;NghJ tPl;L ,yf;fk; 1> 2 kw;Wk; 5 vd;gd mizapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. tpl;L ,y.3> 4 kw;Wk; 6 vd;gd ghjpf;fg;glhJ.
c. 50 tUl jpUk;gy; nts;sj;jpd;NghJ tPl;L ,yf;fk; 3 ghJfhg;ghdJ. tPl;L
,y.6 ,aw;ifahd epge;jidfs; fhuzkhf gFjpahf ghjpf;fg;gLtJld;
mizapdhy; kw;whf ghjpf;fg;gLk;. tPl;L ,y. 1> 2> 4 kw;Wk; 5 vd;gd
mizapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk;.
d. 100 tUl jpUk;gy; nts;sj;jpd;NghJ tPl;L ,y.4 kw;Wk; 5 vd;gd miz
,y;yhj epiyapYk; ,aw;ifahd epge;jidfs; fhuzkhf gFjpahf
ghjpf;fg;gLk;. vdpDk; vy;yh MW tPLfSk; mizapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk;.
e. Ff;FNy ePu;j;Njf;fj;jpd; gliyfs; jpwf;fg;gLk;NghJ miz ,y;yhj
epiyapYk; ,aw;ifahd epge;jidfs; fhuzkhf vy;yh MW tPLfSk;
ghjpf;fg;gLk;. MfNt> ,t;tPLfspy; mizahdJ vt;tpj ghupa
jhf;fj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.
4.2.5 mizf;fl;L fhuzkhf Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; rhjhuz ePu;tpLtpg;gpd;NghJ
ePu;kl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; mjpfupg;G
%o;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpd; epyg;gad;ghL kw;Wk; fhzp cupik vd;gtw;Wldhd
rkTauf;Nfhl;L tiuglk; jug;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,J xU Mw;wpd;-Xl;lk; tiff;Fwpa jpl;lkhf fhzgg;gLtjhy; rPuhf;fy;
njhopw;ghLfSf;fhf kpfr;rpwpasT ePu; Njf;fNk mtrpakhfpd;wJ. cj;Njr
mizahdJ Mff; $ba caukhf 2.5kP kl;Lk; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; mjd; tpisthf
ngwg;gLk; Fsk; fly; kl;lj;jpypUe;J 15kP cau kl;lj;ijNa nfhz;bUg;gJld;
,J ePuizf;Fk; Mw;wpd; rha;thd gs;sjhf;F gFjpf;Fs; kl;LNk vy;iyg;
gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. Fsj;jpd; nkhj;j gug;G 2.7n`f;. MfTk; ,J MW kw;Wk;
Mw;nwhJf;Fg; Gwj;jpy; cs;sjhf fhzg;gLk;. rhjhuz %o;Fk; gpuNjrj;ij
fhl;Lk; rkTauf;Nfhl;L tiuglk; cU 4.4 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJld;> tpupthd
tiuglq;fs; gpz;zpizg;G VI.10 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
cU 4.4: rhjhuzkhf %o;Fk; gpuNjrq;fs;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 74
4.2.6 Mw;W cUttpaypy;> tpNrlkhf rupthd Mw;wq;fiug;gFjpapy;> Vw;gLk;
khw;wq;fs;
MwhdJ rha;thd kiyg;ghq;fhd gFjpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJld;> Mw;wpd; ,t;;
fl;likg;G mjd; ghijia ,yFtpy; khw;whJ> Vnddpy;> epytikg;G mt;thwhd
khw;wq;fSf;F ghjpg;gilahJ vdyhk;. mjdhy;> Mw;W cUttpaypy; ve;jnthU
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f jhf;fq;fSk; Vw;glhJ vdyhk;.
4.2.7 Mw;wpd; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; ePNuhl;lf; FiwT
jpl;lj;jpd; tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lk; ,uz;L RoypfSf;Fk; 49.5m3/s MFk;. Mff;Fiwe;j
twz;l fhy ePNuhl;lj;jpw;F rkkhdjhd epge;jidg;gLj;jg;gl;l #oy; tpLtpg;ghd
0.34m3/s mizapypUe;J tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. cj;Njr Rw;Wr;#oy; tpLtpg;gpd;
jw;NghJs;s ,.kp.r. apd; Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;Jldhd xg;gPL fPNo
tUkhW:
ml;ltiz 4.6: Rw;Wr;#oy; tpLtpg;Gfspd; xg;gPL
Fwpfhl;b
,.kp.r apd;
Ff;FNy fq;if
jpl;lk;
cj;Njr
NghfhN`d rpePkpjp
ePu;j;jpUg;Gk; fl;likg;G 18m caukhd
miz 2.5m caukhd
ePuiz ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrk; 312km2 372km2 ghjpf;fg;gl;l Mw;wpd; gFjp (ePu;j;jpUg;Gk;
fl;likg;G kw;Wk; thw;gFjpf;fpilapyhd
J}uk;) 9km 460m
tbtikf;fg;gl;l tpLtpg;G 47.5 m3/s 49.5 m3/s
Rw;Wr;#oy; ePNuhl;lk; 0.3 m3/s 0.34m3/s
mizg;gFjpapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;l tpupthd ePupay; Ma;tpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l
ePNuhl;l khwy; tisapapd; mbg;gilapy; Roypfs; tUlj;jpd; 10%Md
fhyg;gFjpapy; mtw;wpd; tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lj;Jld; ,aq;fKbAk;. ,f;fhyj;jpd;
NghJ> fPohw;Wg;gFjpapd; ePNuhl;lk; epge;jidg;gLj;jg;gl;l #oy; tpLtpg;gpid
tplTk; mjpfkhf fhzg;gLk;. Mw;wpd; ePNuhl;lk; RoypfSf;F Njitahd
Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;lj;ij tplTk; Fiwthf fhzg;gbd; mizapypUe;J vy;yh
ePNuhl;lKk; tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. fg;yhd; Royp xd;Wf;fhd Mff;Fiwe;j Njitahd
ePNuhl;lk; tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lj;jpd; 15% MFk;. ,J 3.7m3/s ,w;F rkkhdjhFk;. njhopw;gLj;jy; mtj;ijapd; NghJ fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; ePNuhl;lk; fPOs;s ml;ltiz
4.7 ,y; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ml;ltiz 4.7: njhopw;gLj;jy; mtj;ijapd; NghJ fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; ePNuhl;lk;
Mw;W ePNuhl;l tFg;G fPohw;W
ePNuhl;lk;
vy;iy
jhz;Ltjw;fhd
epfo;jfT kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd;
tbtikg;G ePnuhl;lj;ij
tpl cau;thdJ (Q> 49.5m3/s) Q ‐ Qd 10%
tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lk; kw;Wk;
kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;F Njitahd
Mff;Fiwe;j
ePNuhl;lj;jpw;F ,ilg;gl;lJ.
(49.5m3/s > Q > 3.7m3/s) Qenv 80%
kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;F Njitahd
Mff;Fiwe;j ePNuhl;lj;ij (Q > 3.7m3/s) Q 10%
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 75
tplTk; Fiwe;jJ. ,q;F; Q ‐ jug;gl;l ve;jnthU Neuj;jpYk; Mw;wpd; Xl;lk; (m3/s) Qd ‐ tbtikg;G ePNuhl;lk; (=49.5m3/s) Qenv ‐ epge;jidg;gLj;jg;gl;l Rw;Wr;#oy; ePNuhl;lk; (= 0.34m3/s)
4.2.8 jpl;l eltbf;iffspdhy; tpLtpf;fg;gLk; fopTfs; kw;Wk; khrhf;fpfs;
fhuzkhf Mw;W ePupd; juj;jpy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;
Ntiyj;jsj;jpypUe;J ,Ue;J jpz;kf;fopT kw;Wk; fopT ePu; tpLtpf;fg;gLjy;>
jpl;lg;gFjpapypUe;J tz;ly; epuk;gpa ePu; tpLtpf;fg;gly;> kw;Wk; epu;khz
gFjpapypUe;J vupnghUs;> krF vz;nza;> kw;Wk; er;Rg; nghUl;fs; Nghd;wd
epu;khzg;gzpfspd; NghJ tpLtpf;fg;gLk; nghUl;fs; fhuzkhf Mw;W ePu;
khrilAk; rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
vz;nza;> Bry; vupnghUs;> nfhq;wPl; Nru;itfs;> fiug;ghd;fs; vd;gd
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;L epu;khz gFjpfs;> mg;Gwg;gLj;Jk; gpuNjrk;> epu;khz
Nghf;Ftuj;J> cgfuzq;fs; vd;gtw;wpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rhj;jpak; cs;sJ. ,g;nghUl;fspd; fsQ;rpak; kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jypd; NghJ jpl;lg;gFjpapy;>
ghijNahuj;jpy; kw;Wk; #oTs;s gFjpfspy; rpe;jg;gLtjw;fhd rhj;jpak; cs;sJ.
rpe;jg;gl;l gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J khrile;j ePNuhl;lj;jpdhy; kz;> jhtuq;fs; kw;Wk;
ePu;Kjy;fis nrd;wilAk;NghJ mjd; juj;jpw;F ghupa Nrjj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;.
jhf;fj;jpd; tPr;R ntspNaw;wg;gl;l msT> jlitfs;> kw;Wk; Neuk;> kw;Wk;
er;Rj;jd;ik cs;slq;fyhf gjhu;j;jj;jpd; tif vd;gtw;iw nghUj;J NtWgLk;. fPohw;Wg;gFjpapd; Mw;wpd; kPjhd jhf;fq;fshf fiue;j epiyapYs;s xl;rprd;
mstpd; kl;lq;fs;> Nghriz Nru;f;ifapdhy; my;fh kyu;jy; Vw;gly;> Nehahf;fp
Neha;fhtpfspd; ngUf;fk; vd;gd fhzg;gLfps;wd. vdpDk;> fopT ntspaPL
fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; ,g;ghupastpyhd Nrjk;> Nghd;wd nghUj;jkhd jhf;ff;Fiwg;G
eltbf;iffs; eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gLkhdhy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glhJ.
4.3 #oypay; jhf;fq;fs;
4.3.1 ,af;Fk; fhyj;jpd;NghJ fPohw;Wg; gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; ePNuhl;lf;FiwtpdhYk;
Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; ePupy; %o;fbf;fg;gLtjhYk; ePu;tho; jhtu tpyq;F
rhfpaq;fSf;F Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;
jpl;lkhdJ gpujhd Mw;wpypUe;J ePiu kupj;J jpirjpUg;gp kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;F mDg;Gk;
tifapy; tpisit Vw;gLj;Jk;. ,e;eltbf;if ePupd; juj;jpy; vt;tpj ghjpg;igAk;
Vw;gLj;jhJ. kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; mizapypUe;J 350kP J}uj;jpy; mike;Js;sjhy;
njhopw;gLj;jypd; NghJ 360kP ePskhd Mw;wpd; gFjpapy; Fiwe;jsT ePNuhl;lk;
Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. mjdhy;> Mw;wpd; ,g;gFjpapd; #oypay; epge;jidfis
NgDtjw;F 0.34m3/s mstpyhdnjhU #oy; ePNuhl;lk; vg;NghJk; tpLtpf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk;. miz fhuzkhf Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; Fsk; Mw;wpd; ,U fiufSf;Fk;
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;Ltjhy;> ,g;gFjp ve;jnthU cWj;Jzu;Tkpf;f ,dj;ijAk;
nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy vd;gjhy;> %o;fbg;G fhuzkhf Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; Vw;gLk;
jhf;fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhf ,y;iy vdyhk;.
4.3.2 mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf ePu; tho; jhtu tpyq;FfSf;F>
tpNrlkhf kPdpdq;fSf;F ,lk;ngau;tpy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;
ePu;j;Njf;fkhdJ ePu;tho; capuq;fpfspd;> tpNrlkhf kPd;fspd; mirTfis
jilnra;Ak;. vdpDk; jpl;lj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; Mw;wpd; gFjpapy; ,lk;ngaUk;
tof;fKila ve;j ed;dPu; kPdpdKk; Ma;tpd; NghJ fz;lwpag;gltpy;iy. cj;Njr
jpl;lj;jpd; mizahdJ 2.5kP caukhdjhf miktjhy; ngUk;ghyhd ,lk;ngaUk;
,dq;fs; tpNrlkhf kiof;fhyj;jpy; mizf;fl;Lf;F Nkyhf fle;J
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 76
nry;yf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. mjdhy;> ,j;jhf;fk; Vw;glhJ vd;gJld;> ,j;jpl;lj;jpw;F
kPd; Vzp xd;W mtrpag;glhJ.
4.3.3 ntl;lg;glNtz;ba kuq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf jiutho; jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;F
rhfpaq;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;
epu;khz mtj;ijfspd;NghJ> rj;jk; kw;Wk; mjpu;Tfs; kz; mfo;T> ntl;Ljy;>
epug;Gjy;> mKf;Fjy; kw;Wk; ,af;fg;gLk; ,ae;jpu rhjdq;fs; Nghd;w
nraw;ghLfspdhy; Vw;gl ,lKz;L. ,J ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; kdpj kw;Wk;
tpyq;FfSf;F ngUk; njhe;juthf mikaf;$Lk;. NkYk;> ,r;nraw;ghLfs;
fhuzkhf tpLtpf;fg;gLk; J}R kw;Wk; khrhf;fpfspdhy; tspapd; J}a;ik
Fiwf;fg;gl;L mjd; tpisthf ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; thOk; kdpj kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspy;
jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jp ngUk; njhe;juthf mikaf;$Lk;. vdpDk;> ,J xU
jw;fhypfkhd ghjpg;igNa nfhz;bUg;gjhy; jiutho; tpyq;FfSf;F ,jdhy;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ghjpg;G Vw;glg;Nghtjpy;iiy. ngUk;ghyhd jpl;l eltbf;iffs;
mizg;gFjp kw;Wk; jiyNahl;lf;fhy;tha; gFjpfspy; eilngWtjhYk; ,it
kdpjdhy; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;l thoplq;fspy; eilngWtjhy; RNjr ,dq;fSf;F
Vw;gLfpd;w jhf;fk; FiwthFk;.
4.4 jha;g;ghiwapd; cWjpj;jd;ikapy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;
4.4.1 jiyNahl;l fhy;tha; epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;.
jpl;lj;jpd; fl;likg;Gfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;NghJ> mbj;jsj;jpYk; Mw;wpd; fiuapYk;
jha;g;ghiw fz;lwpag;gLk;. Fsk; epug;gg;gl;l gpd;du; ,izg;G jsq;fs;> kw;Wk;
kbg;G jsq;fs; Nghd;w FiwghLfs; ePupdhy; epug;gg;gLk;. MfNt Jis
mKf;fj;jpd; tpUj;jp fhuzkhf ,t; FiwghLfspD}Nl ,t;tirTfs; Vw;glyhk;.
mt;thNw> ePu; epuk;gpa fhy;tha; mjp$ba mKf;fj;ij toq;Ftjhy;> fhy;tha;
ghijapd; mbapYs;s ,t;thwhd FiwghLfspD}lhfTk; mirT epfoyhk;.
4.4.2 kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;.
Kd;Flh kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya Ntiyj;jsq;fspYk; ,t;thwhdnjhU
epiyik fhzg;glyhk;. ,q;Fs;s ghiwg; gil NkNy $wg;gl;l eypTw;w
tyaq;fis nfhz;bUg;gpDk; Nkyhf cs;s 1-2kP gilia mfw;Wk;nghJ
fhj;jpukhd Nkw;gug;G ntspg;gLk; rhj;jpak; cs;sJ> vdNt midj;jf;$WfspdJk;
epu;khzjjpw;Ffe;j epiyahd epiyikfs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glyhk;.
4.4.3 ghijfspd; epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;
ghijfspd; cj;Njr mgptpUj;jpahdJ epue;jukhdjhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,it
epu;khzk; kw;Wk; njhopw;gLj;jy; mtj;ijfspd; NghJ Kiwahf guhkupf;fg;gLk;.
mjdhy;> ghijfSf;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fhzpfs; kPsikf;fg;glNtz;ba Njit
,y;iy vdyhk;. vdpDk;> NjitNaw;gl;lhy;> ghijfspd; kPsikg;G mUfpYs;s
rupTfSf;F Fiwe;jsT ghjpg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jhj tifapYk;> kz;zupg;gpw;fhd
rhj;jpaf;$Wfs; $lkhdtiu Fiwf;fg;gLk; tifapy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l rfy fhzpfSk; kw;Wk; kPsikj;jypd; NghJ rupe;J tpOk;
gFjpfSk; Gw;fis nfhz;L %LNghu;it tsu;f;fg;gl;L kz;zupg;G jil
nra;ag;gLk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 77
4.5 r%ftpay; jhf;fq;fs;
4.5.1 jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; ePu;g;ghrd njhFjpfspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;
cj;Njr jpl;l miktplj;jpDs; cs;s Mw;WePu; vt;tpj ePu;g;ghrd jpl;lq;fSf;Fk;
gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. MfNt> ePu;g;ghrd njhFjpfspy; vt;tpj jhf;fKk; ,y;iy.
4.5.2 ghijfspy; Vw;glf;$ba rhj;jpakhd jhf;fq;fs;
cj;Njr rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khzj;jpd; NghJ> Ntiyj;jsj;jpw;fhd rpwa
ghijfs; kPsikf;fg;gLk;. vdpDk; jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khz fhyj;jpd; NghJ
epu;khzg;nghUl;fspd; nfhz;Lnry;yy; cs;Su; ghijfspy; xu rpy ghjfkhd
jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk;> ,it jzpf;fg;glf;$bait. (gpupT 4.5.8: nghUl;fspd;
nfhz;Lnry;yypdhy; Vw;gLk; jhffj;ij kPl;ly;).
4.5.3 Vida Mw;W gad;ghLfspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;
jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpd; Mw;W gFjpahdJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;f ve;jnthU nraw;ghl;bw;Fk;
gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. cj;Njr jpl;l Rtl;Lg;gFjpapy; kf;fs; kzy; mfo;jy;>
khzpf;ffy; mfo;jy;> kPd;gpb Nghd;w ve;jnthU nraypYk; <Lgl;bUf;ftpy;iy.
kpfr;rpyNu (%d;W ePuhLk; ,lq;fs;) ,g;gpuNjrj;jpy; ePuhLk; tof;fj;ij
nfhz;Ls;sdu;. kf;fs; jkJ ePuhLk; ,lj;ij khw;wpf;nfhs;tjpy; vt;tpj
rpf;fiyAk; vjpu;Nehf;f khl;lhu;fs;. ,j njhlu;ghf ,f;FLk;gq;fSld;
fye;Jiuahlg;gl;lJld; jpl;l mgptpUj;jpahsu; Kiwahd epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l ePuhLk;
gFjp xd;iw toq;Ftjw;F ,zq;fpdhu;.
4.5.4 ePu; epug;gg;gLtjhy; jw;NghJs;s epyg;gad;ghl;by; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;
Fsj;ijr; #oTs;s gFjpapy; jw;NghJs;s epyg;ghtid tpjk; cU 3.3 ,y;
Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. FskhFk; gpuNjrkhdJ Mw;wpd; vy;iyfSf;F
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sjhYk; cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpy; ghupastpyhd ve;jnthU
epu;khzKk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;glhjjhYk; jw;NghJs;s epyg;ghtidapy; vt;tpj khw;wKk;
Vw;gLk; vd vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gltpy;iy. (Gifg;glk; 4.2)
Gifg;glk; 4.2: FskhFk; gpuNjrj;jpd; topNa rupT $ba Mw;wq;fiu
FskhFk; gpuNjrk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 78
4.5.5 jw;NghJ fhzg;gLk; cl;fl;likg;G trjpfspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;
jpl;lj;jpypUe;J 500kP Miuapy;> ,wg;gu; Njhl;lk; xd;wpD}lhf nry;Yk; kz;
ghijnahd;W fhzggLtJld; ,J jpl;l Ntiyfspdhy; ghjpg;gpw;Fl;gltpy;iy.
khwhf> jpllg; gFjpf;fhd ,g;ghij Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.
4.5.6 tu;j;jf eltbf;iffspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;
,q;Fs;s ve;jnthU tu;j;jf eltbf;ifapYk; cj;Njr jpl;lkhdJ vt;tpj
ghjfkhd jhf;fj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;fhJ. gjpyhf> epu;khz fhyj;jpd; NghJ
njhopw;wpwd; cila kw;Wk; mw;w njhopyhsu;fspd; ,lk;ngau;T fhuzkhf
Vw;gL;k; mjpfupj;j tpahghuk; fhuzkhf> rhjfkhd gy jhf;fq;fNs Vw;gLk;.
4.5.7 kzy; mfo;thsu;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;
cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; fPohw;Wg;gpuNjrj;jpy; Vwj;jho 10 kzy; mfOk; ,lq;fs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;Ws; ngUk;ghyhd ,lq;fs; jw;NghJ njhopw;ghl;bypy;iy.
kWgf;fk;> gpujhd kzy; mfOk; gpuNjrq;fs; jpl;lj;jpypUe;j mjpfsT J}uj;jpy;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t; miktplq;fs; miz kw;Wk; ePnuLf;Fk; gFjpapy; kzy;
tpLtpf;Fk; jpwg;Gfs; fhzg;gLtjhy; jpl;lj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy.
4.5.8 nghUl;fspd; nfhz;Lnry;yypdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;
jpl;l eltbf;iffSf;fhf nghUl;fis nfhz;L nry;tjdhy; Vw;gLk; thfd
neupry; fhuzkhf> tpNrlkhf Gsj;rpq;fs-nkhy;fht ghijapy; kw;Wk;
jpl;lj;jpw;ffhd nry;topahd fpj;Jy;fy Myak; kw;Wk; nugy;fhu; gpuptpD}lhd
jpl;l ghijapy; tpUk;gj;jfhj jhf;fq;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; rhj;jpaKs;sJ. kw;iwa
rhj;jpakhd khw;Wtop Xlj;jpd; %ykhf nghUl;fs; nfhz;Lnry;yg;gl;L gpd;
bgy;fhu; gpuptpd; Clhf jpl;lj;jpw; nry;Yk;. ,J Mff;Fiwe;j jhf;fj;jpidNa
nfhz;bUf;Fk;. jpl;lkhdJ nghUl;fs; nfhz;L nry;yg;gLtjdhy; Vw;glf;$ba
rfy ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisAk; jtpu;g;gjw;fhd rfy Kd; Kaw;rpfisAk; vLf;Fk;.
nghUl;fspd; nfhz;Lnry;yy; MdJ thfd neupry; jtpu;f;fg;gLk; tifapy;
xOq;F Vw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. mj;Jld;> #oYf;F ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fs;
Vw;glhjthWk; nghJ kf;fSf;F mnrsfupaq;fs; Vw;glhjthWk; nfhz;L nry;yy;
xOq;FgLj;jg;gLk;.
4.5.9 xyp khriljy; kw;Wk; mjpu;T jhf;fq;fs;
ghu ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; mgptpUj;jp jpl;lq;fspy; rj;jkhdJ
xU ghupa r%f ghjpg;ghf fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. xyp kw;Wk; mjpu;Tfspd; jhf;fq;fs;
jlitfspd; vz;zpf;if> nrwpT> fhyk;> ,lk;> fhyvy;iy> J}uk;> gq;fspg;Gr;
nra;Ak; %yq;fspd; njhFg;G Nghd;w tplaq;fspy; jq;fpAs;sJ vdyhk;. ,J
kdpju;fs;> nrhj;Jf;fs;> tpyq;Ffs;> fhy;eilfs;> kw;Wk; ,aw;if #oy;
vd;gtw;wpy; jhf;fq;fis cz;L gz;zyhk;. rj;jk; cz;lhtjw;fhd gpujhd
fhuzq;fshtd;
epu;khz ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fs;
juq;Fiwthf guhkupf;fg;gLk; kw;Wk; Nritf;Fl;gLj;jg;gLk; epu;khz>
,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fspd; ghtid
thfd Nghf;Ftuj;J
ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfs;
,uT Ntiyfspy; Ntiy nra;jy; jpl;lj;jpw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rpy nghJthd ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fSf;Fk; fduf
thfdq;fSf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;Lk; xyp vy;iyfs; fPNo jug;gLfpd;wd.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 79
ml;ltiz 4.8: nghJthd ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;FSf;fhd xyp kl;lq;fs;
,ae;jpuq;fs; / cgfuzq;fs; 7 kP J}uj;jpy; xypapd; msT [dB(A)]
cUis mOj;jpfs; 71‐75
Gnuhd;l; Nyhlu;fs; 70‐83
buf;lu;fs; 78‐95
ngf;Nfh / mfo;T ,ae;jpuq;fs; 70‐85
l;uf; 83‐93
nfhd;fpwPl; fyit ,ae;jpuk; 75‐88
cUis mjpu;thf;fp 108
Nghu;f; mjpu;thf;fp 113
xLf;fpfs; 109
cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khz fhyq;fspd;NghJ> fduf thfdq;fs; kw;Wk;
,ae;jpuq;fspdhy; xyp khR Vw;gLk; rhj;jpak; cs;sJ. ,jdhy;> Rw;Wg;Gw xyp
kl;lq;fis Fiwg;gjw;F Ntiyj;js vy;iyfspy; xyp fl;Lg;ghl;L eltbf;iffs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;.
4.5.10 epyj;jb ePu; kl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpdhy; Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpy; cs;s fpzWfs;
kw;Wk; kyf;fopT jhq;fpfs; vd;gtw;wpy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;
ePupdhy; %o;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpy; vt;tpjkhd fpzWfSk; ,y;iy. %o;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpw;F
ntspna fhzg;gLk; rpy fpzWfs; FskhFk; jhf;fj;jpdhy; ePu;kl;lk; mjpfupj;J
rhjfkhd jhf;fj;jpidNa nfhz;bUf;Fk;. jpl;l eltbf;iffs; vJTk; Mw;W ePiu
khRgLj;Jk; tifapyhd tpisit Vw;gLj;jhJ vd;gjhy; jw;NghJs;s fpzWfspd;
ePiu nkhrkhdKiwapy; khrhf;Fk; ve;jnthU nraw;ghLk; eilngwhJ.
vdpDk;> ePupdhy; %o;Fk; gpuNjrj;jpy; kyf;fopT Fopfs; vjTk; fhzg;gl;lhy;
Fsk; cUthtjd; fhuzkhf epyj;jb ePu;kl;lk; mjpfupj;J ,it gad;gLj;jg;gl
Kbahky; NghFk;. ,t;thwhd kyf;fopT Fopfs; cupikahsUldhd
MNyhridAld; nghUj;jkhd ,lj;jpw;F khw;wpaikf;fg;gLk;.
4.6 jw;NghJs;s Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;
jw;NghJs;s 70nk.th Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lkhdJ cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpw;F
Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; mike;js;sJ. ,U jpl;lq;fspd; miktplj;ijAk; fhl;Lk;
tiuglk; cU 4.5 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. Ff;FNy fq;if ePu; kpd; jpl;lkhdJ
Mw;wpd; Xl;lk; tiff;Fwpa kpd;Dw;gj;jp jpl;lkhFk;. ,t; njhFjpahdJ miz
(20kP cauk; kw;Wk; 110kP ePsk;)> rPuhf;Fk; ePu;j;Njf;fk; (gug;G 88 n`.> fdtsT 1.6
kp.f.kP)> 5.65fpkP ePskhd jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;> 121kP epiyf;Fj;jhd mKf;f
thq;fp> epyf;fPo; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak;> 1.6fp.kP ePskhd thNyhl;lf; fhy;tha;
vd;gtw;iw nfhz;ljhFk;.
Ff;FNy fq;if ,.kp.r epyj;jb kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; cj;Njr mizapypUe;J
Vwj;jho 4 fpkP f;Fk; Nkyhd Miuapy; mike;Js;sJld; mizf;fl;lhdJ 10fp.kP
J}uj;jpy; mike;Js;sJ. j;Njr mizf;fl;lbd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf jw;NghJs;s
Ff;FNy ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpy; vt;tpj ghjpg;Gk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gltpy;iy. ntbj;jyw;w
murha ntbitj;jy; Kiw KbAkhdtiu gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. vy;yh ntbj;jy;
nraw;ghLfSk; GS&MB kw;Wk; Vida nghUj;jkhd epWtdq;fspd; topfhl;lYld;
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ntbj;jy; njhopEl;gk; gw;wpa MNyhridfis
ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; xt;nthU ntbj;jy; nraw;ghl;ilAk; Nkw;ghu;it
nra;tjw;Fkhf jFjptha;e;j Gtpj;njhopEl;g / mfo;T nghwpapayhsu; xUtupd;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 80
Nrit ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,.kp.r ahdJ jpl;l eltbf;iffs; njhlu;ghf
Fwpg;ghf ntbnghUl;fis gad;gLj;jp ntbj;jy; nraw;ghL Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
re;ju;g;gq;fs; ahtw;wpYk; mwpTWj;jg;gLk;.
Ff;FNy fq;if ,kpr kpd;Dw;gj;jp jpl;lj;jpd; Royp tpLtpg;ghdJ cj;Njr
mizf;fl;bypUe;J 3500kP Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; khnfyp Xah Ff;FNy fq;ifAld;
,ize;jnfhs;Sk; gFjpapy; tpLtpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ePu;ka Ma;Tfs;> cj;Njr miz
fhuzkhf Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l %o;Fk; nraw;ghLfs; fhuzkhf Fwpj;j ve;jnthU
epiyg;ghl;bYk; (10>25>50>100 tUl nts;sg;ngUf;Ffs; kw;Wk; Ff;FNy gliyfspd;
rLjpahd jpwg;G) ,f;Fwpj;j ,izAk; gFjpia miltjpy;iy vd njspthf;fpaJ.
,t; nts;sg;ngUf;Ffs; mizapypUe;J 1550kP Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpastpy; Fiwtle;J
Gwf;fzpf;fj;jf;f cauj;jpw;F nry;fpd;wJ. (gpz;zpizg;G IX: ePu;ka Ma;T
mwpf;ifapy; tiuglk; 5 - $Fy; glk;).
mjdhy;> cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;FNy jpl;lj;jpdhy; Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd;
jpl;lj;jpw;F vt;tpj jhf;fKk; ,y;iy vdyhk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 81
cU 4.5: Ff;FNy fq;if ,.kp.r jpl;lk; kw;Wk; Ff;FNy rp.eP.kp jpl;lk;
Underground Power House
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 82
5. gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;s jhf;fj;jzpg;G eltbf;iffs;
5.1 kz;zupg;G kw;Wk; tz;ly; gbTf;fhd jhf;fj;jzpg;G eltbf;iffs;
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; jhf;fq;fis Fiwg;gjw;fhf gpd;tUk; kz;zupg;G fl;Lg;ghl;L
eltbf;iffs; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLk;;
jpl;lf; $Wfs; midj;jpdJk; epu;khzj;jpd;NghJk; mfo;T Ntiyfs;
Mff;Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ntspahf;fg;gl;l midj;J
Nkw;gug;GfSk; njhlu;r;rpahf Gy; gLf;if %yk; Nghu;j;jg;gLk;.
KbAkhd vy;yh re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; epu;khz jpl;lq;fs;> nghUl;fspd; Nrkpg;G
fplq;F> thfd epWj;Jkplq;fs;> njhopyhsu; Kfhk;fs; Nghd;wd Mw;W
xJf;F tyaj;jpDs; epu;khzpf;fg;glhJ.
jhtu %Lgil mfw;wg;glNtz;ba gFjpfspy; cldbahf Nky;kz;zhzJ
tUb vLf;fg;gl;L mg;gFjpfis my;yJ NtW Fog;gg;gl;l gFjpfis kPs;
epug;Gtjw;fhf Nrfupf;fg;gl;L ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. ,J rhj;jpakpy;iy
vdpy;> kz;jpl;Lfis tbfhyikg;G gFjpfSf;F kpfj;J}ukhf
Rj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;l gFjpapy; Nrfupj;J itf;fNtz;Lk;.
mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Nkyjpfkhd kz; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; kPs;epug;gy;
Ntiyfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
vQ;rpa kz;zhdJ Kd;Ng fz;lwpag;gl;l gFjpfspy; Fwpj;j cs;Suhl;rp
rigapd; mDkjpAld; nfhl;lg;gl;L Nrfupf;fg;gLk;.
jpl;lg; gFjpapDs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ve;jnthU kz; Ftpg;Gk; Kiwahf
Nghu;itaplg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpD}lhf nry;Yk; Nkw;gug;G tbfhyikg;Gfs; Kiwahf
guhkupf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. epu;khz kw;Wk; njhopw;gLj;jy; mtj;ijapd; NghJk;
ve;jnthU gy;yhz;L my;yJ gUtj;jpw;Fwpa tbfhyikg;Gk; %lg;glNth
my;yJ jilnra;ag;glNth $lhJ.
Fsg;gFjpapy; ,aw;ifahd ghiwj; jLg;Gfs; kz;zupg;ig jLf;Fk;
tifap;y; fhzg;glhjJ mtjhdpf;fg;gl;l ,lq;fspy; ghiwfshyhd jLg;G
Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;.
ngUk;ghyhd mfo;T Ntiyfs; KbAkhdtiu kioaw;w fhyepiyfspy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;.
ghijapd; Nkw; gFjpapy; gf;f fhz;fs; fl;likf;fglNtz;Lk;.
jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha; kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiya gFjpapy; ,Ue;J
Mw;wpDs; kz; fOtpr; nry;yg;glhj tifapy; jw;fhyfkhd kz; jpl;Lfs;
gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;. nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspy; gpd;tUk; tz;ly; gbT fl;Lg;ghl;L eltbf;iffs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;;
vy;yh epu;khz Ntiyg;gFjpfspYk; jsj;jpNyahd tz;ly; gbT flj;jy;
fl;Lg;ghl;L nghwpKiwfs; epu;khz Ntiyfs; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;dNu
Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;. nghJthd Kiwfshtd kioePu; Fl;ilfs;> tz;ly;/gbT nghwpfs;> Nrhjid mizfs;> kw;Wk; kzy; ciw jilfs; vd;gdthFk;.
epu;khzg;gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J tUk; Nkw;gug;G ePNuhl;lq;fs; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l
fl;Lg;ghl;L nghwpKiwfspD}lhfNt ePu;epiyfSf;F tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.
nghUl;fspd; Nrkpg;Gf; Ftpay;> epug;gg;gl;l kz; cl;gl gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J
ntspNaWk; ePuhdJ jLg;Gf; fhz;fs; my;yJ jpl;Lfs; %ykhf ePNuhl;lk;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 83
Neubahf ntspNawhjthW jLf;fg;gLk;. mt;thwhd jLg;Gfs; gpd; tz;ly;
gbT nghwpfspd; Clhf tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l thq;fpfs; midj;Jk; tz;ly; gbT fl;Lg;ghl;L
nghwpKiwfs; %yk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. ,it gbT Ntypfs;> gj;jpuf;fyit
my;yJ jw;fhypfkhd tpupg;G Nghu;itfs; %yk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.
5. 2 Mw;wq;fiuNahu ghJfhg;G eltbf;iffs; mizg;gFjpapy; Mw;wq;fiu mupg;ghdJ nghUj;jkhdthW fUq;fy; Rtu; my;yJ
Nfgpad; Rtupdhy; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. jhf;fq;fis jzpg;gjw;F xt;nthU
mtj;ijapYk; jw;fhyf mizfs; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;. Mw;wpd; miuthrp jw;fhyf
mizapdhy; jLf;fg;gl;L vQ;rpa gFjpapD}lhf MW RahjPdkhf nry;tjw;F
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. mizapd; kjw; ghjp jw;fhyf mizapd; Kjw; gFjpapNy
epu;khzpj;J Kbf;fg;gLk;. mizapd; kw;iwa ghjp Vw;fdNt cs;s jw;fhyf
miz cilf;fg;gl;L Mw;wpd; RahjPd ePNuhl;lk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l gpd;du; cs;s
vQ;rpa ghjpapy; mikf;fg;gLk; jw;fhyf mizapd; %yk; epu;khzpf;fg;gLk;.
thw;gFjpapy; ntsptplg;gLk; ePupd; rf;jprpjwYf;fhd fl;likg;Gfs;
Vw;gLj;jg;gLtjd; %yk; kz;zupg;G jLf;fg;gLk;.
Mw;wq;fiufs; tpNrlkhf Fsg;gFjp tpNrlkhd nghUj;jkhd nghwpKiw
El;gq;fs; kw;Wk; capupay; Kiwfis gad;gLj;jp ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. Mw;wq;fiu
ghJfhg;G Kiwfs; gpd;tUtdtw;iw nfhz;bUf;Fk;:
Mw;wq;fiufs; cWjpahdjhf fhzg;gLk; gFjpfspy;> gjpaKiw kz; fhg;G
Kiwfshd Mokhd Ntu;j;njhFjp nfhz;l Gw;fis tsu;j;jy; Nghd;wd
gpuNhafpf;fg;gLk;. c.k;. ntl;bNtu; Gy;> %q;fpy; kuk; vd;gtw;iw ehl;Ljy;.
,aw;ifahd tbfhy;fSk; rpw;NwhilfSk; vt;tpjkhd epu;khz eltbf;if
fhuzkhfTk; vt;tpjj;jpYk; %lg;glNth jlq;fYwNth $lhJ.
thdpiyahyopjyile;j ghiwfs; my;yJ kz; fhuzkhf Mw;wq;fiufs;
typikaw;wpUf;Fk; gFjpfspy; tpNrlkhd nghwpKiw El;gq;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,k;Kiwfshtd
- nghUj;jkhd mfyk; kw;Wk; cauj;jpy; Nfgpad; Rtu;fis mikj;jy;
- Mw;wq;fiu topNa ngupa ghiw jLg;Gfis itj;jy;
- Mw;wq;fiuia fUq;fy; gil my;yJ tpspk;G-Rw;wy; epu;khzk; %yk;
ghJfhj;jy;.
5.3 rha;Tfis ghJfhf;Fk; eltbf;iffs;
1. nghUj;jkhd nghwpapay; tbtikg;gpw;F Kd;du; mizapd; mr;R>
fhy;tha; ghij kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; Mfpa ghiw gilfspy;
cg Nkw;gug;G Gtpapaiy tpsq;fp nfhs;tjw;fhf Mff;Fiwe;jJ 3kP
Moj;jpy; Jisf;fg;gLtjw;F gpNuupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
2. mizg;gFjp njhlf;fk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; tiuahd gFjpapy;
jhtug;gil kw;Wk; Nky; kz;zhdJ kpfTk; ftdkhf
mg;Gwg;gLj;jg;gLk;. ,t; ntspg;gLj;jy; fl;likg;gpd; gupkhzq;fSf;F
jf;fthW mikaNtz;Lk;. Nkyjpfkhd epyq;fs; vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk;
Fog;gg;glf;$lhJ.
3. ve;jnthU ghiw ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLk; jpl;lkplg;gl;L Mff;Fiwthd
kl;lj;jpw;F fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiwfs; %yk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
cWjpaw;w gFjpfs; kw;Wk; rupT Vw;gLk; mghaKs;s gFjpfspy;
,urhad Kiwapyhd ntbitj;jy; nrad;Kiw gpd;gw;wg;gLk;.
4. mizg;gFjp> fhy;tha; ghij kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; vd;gtw;wpy;
cUthf;fg;gl;l fy; Rtu;fs; fhzg;gLk; vy;yh nehJikahd
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 84
tyaq;fisAk; epug;Gtjd; %yk; NkYk; typikahdjhf;fg;gLk;.
jha;g;ghiwapd; ve;jnthU rpjwpa Jz;lq;fs; my;yJ moptile;j
gFjpfs; mj;jpthuk; ,lg;gLtjw;F Kd;djhf mfw;wg;gLk;. mj;jpthuk;
jha;g;ghiwAld; ,izf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.
5. 3kP f;Fk; Nkyjpfkhd cauj;jpw;F epiyf;Fj;jhf ntl;lg;gl;l rfy
gFjpfSk; Kiwahd El;gq;fs; %yk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. 3kP f;Fk;
Fiwthd epiyf;Fj;jhd ntl;Lfs; Gtpj;njhop;El;g nghwpapayhsupd;
gupe;Jiug;GfSld; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.
6. xt;nthU jpl;lf; $wpdJk; Rw;wptu mjid jpUg;jpfukhf cWjpahf;Fk;
tifapy; nghUj;jkhd tbfhyikg;G Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;.
5.4 mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; kz;zupg;G
mizapd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; mjpfupj;j kz;zupg;G epfOk;
vd vjpu;ghu;f;f KbahJ. mizapd; ,U Gaq;fspYk; cs;s Mw;wq;fiuahdJ
fUq;fy; Nghu;it> Nfgpad; ghJfhg;G> kw;Wk; ghiwfspdhy; Md Nlh ghJfhg;G
vd;gtw;wpdhYk; Mw;wq;fiuapy; Njitahd ,lq;fspy; ghJfhg;G kuq;fis
ehl;ly; Nghd;wtw;wpdhYk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. jdpj;Jtkhd Ntiyj;js
epiyikfis nghWj;J tpupthd tbtikg;G epiyapdhy; rpwe;j Kiw njupT
nra;ag;gLk;.
mizapd; tbtikg;ghdJ nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; NghJ Nkyjpfkhd ePuhdJ
mizf;F Nkyhf tbe;NjhLk; tifapy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. mizapd;
Nky; ePupd; Ntfkhd Xl;lk; mizf;F fPohf cs;s mbj;jsj;jpy; Mw;Wj;jsj;jpd;
mupg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;gJld; ,J mizapd; epiyg;gpw;F mghafukhdjhfTk;
,Uf;Fk;. mjdhy;> ,t;tpaf;fr;rf;jpia rpjwbg;gjw;fhf> Mw;wpd; jsk;
mupg;giltij jLg;gjw;fhfTk; nghUj;jkhd rf;jp rpjwbj;jy; gFjpfs; mizapd;
tbtikg;gpy; Nru;j;Jf; nfhs;sg;gLk;.
5.5 kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy; kz;zupg;G
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; tpLtpg;G nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy; Mw;wq;fiu
mupg;gpidAk; Mw;wpd; jsk; mupg;giltjidAk; Fiwf;Fk; tifapy; Mw;wpDs;
tpLtpf;fg;gLk;. thNyhl;lf; fhy;tha; mfykhd thiaf;nfhz;l gFjpahf
mikf;fg;gl;L ,jd; %yk; rf;jp rpjwpbf;fg;gl;L fPohw;Wg;gFjpapd; Mw;wq;fiu
mupg;G jil nra;ag;glyhk;. tyJ fiuNahuj;ij ghJfhg;gjw;fhf nghUj;jkhd
ghJfhg;G Kiwfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Mw;wpd; fiufs;
Nfgpad; Rtu;> jLg;Gr; Rtu; Nghd;w Kiwfspdhy; mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;L
kz;zupg;G nraw;ghLfs; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
thNyhl;l fhy;tha; epu;khzpf;fg;gl;lTld;> tpLtpf;fg;gLk; gFjpapy; cs;s Mw;wpd;
jsk; kz;zupg;gpw;Fl;glhtz;zk; nfhq;wPl; glyply; %yk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.
thNyhl;lf; fhy;thapd; tpLtpf;Fk; gFjpapy; jha;g;ghiw fhzg;gLtjhy; kw;Wk;
,g;gpuNjrk; vJtpj rpf;fy;fSk; ,d;wp ghJfhf;fg;glf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.
5.6 nts;s fl;Lg;ghl;L eltbf;iffs;
ePu;ka ma;Tfspd; mbg;gilapy; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapd; KbTg;gFjpfspy; cj;njr
mizf;fl;l fhuzkhf vt;tpjkhd nts;sg;ngUf;F mjpfupg;Gk; vw;glhj vd
fhl;Lfpd;wj.
mizf;fl;bw;F Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy;> mjpfupf;fg;gl;l ePu; %o;Fjy; fhuzkhf> MW
tPLfs; kl;LNk rhj;jpakhd jhf;fj;jpw;F cl;gLk;. gpNuupf;fg;gLk; jzpg;G
nrad;Kiwfs; fPo;tUkhW.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 85
ml;ltiz 5.1: nts;sj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba rhj;jpaKs;s tPLfSf;F
gpNuupf;fg;gLk; jzpg;G nrad;Kiwfs;
tPl;L
,y. cupikahsu; ngau; gpNuupf;fg;gLk; jzpg;G
nrad;Kiwfs;
1 [p.FRkh uQ;rdp
Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy;
mjpfupf;fg;gl;l nts;sk;
fhuzkhf ghjpf;fg;gLk;
tPLfSf;F gp.nr ,d;
MNyhridAld;
nghUj;jkhd e\;l<L
toq;fg;gLk;.
2 fue;jfhuNf tpn[jhr
3 Nrhkrpwp
4 fue;jfhuNf rhe;j
5 [p.lg;spt;.rkurpq;f
6 rJfhFUNf ,Nkrp/[hdf
,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> nts;sj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l fhzpfSf;F gp.nrayhsupd;
MNyhridAld; jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsupdhy; nghUj;jkhd e\;l<L toq;fTk;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
,jd; jpl;l mgptpUj;jpahsu;> jkJ fk;gdpapd; r%f $l;LwT nghWg;ghd;ikahf>
vjpu;fhyj;jpy; ,g;gpuNjrq;fspd; nts;sf;fl;Lg;ghl;L nrad;Kiwapy; ePu;g;ghrd
jpizf;fsk;> Gsj;rpq;fs gp.nr> ,.kp.r> kw;Wk; mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt kj;jpa
epiyak; vd;gtw;wpd; jiyikapd; fPo; jkJ gq;fspg;ig Kd;ndLg;gjw;F jahuhf
cs;shu;. ,q;F jpwDila nts;sf;fl;Lg;ghl;L njhFjp xd;wpw;fhf Kd;$l;ba
mgha mwptpg;G njhFjp> gapw;rpAldhd ntspNaw;wy; jpl;lk;> kw;Wk; Ff;FNy
fq;if Nkyhw;W ePNue;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpy; kiotPo;r;rp fz;fhzpg;G vd;gdtw;wpd;
mgptpUj;jp mtrpakhFk;.
5.7 tbfhyikg;G Kfhikj;Jt jpl;lk;
tbfhyikg;G Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;s eltbf;iffs; gpd;tUkhW:
kioePuhdJ vt;tpj jlq;fNyh my;yJ Njq;fNyh ,d;wp RahjPdkhf
Mw;wpw;F tplg;gLk;.
jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;ij #oTs;s ,aw;ifahd Xilfs;> twz;l gs;sj;jhf;Ffs;>
kw;Wk; mupg;Nghilfs; vd;gd vt;tpjkhd epu;khz eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk;
jpz;kf;fopT Nru;j;jy; %yNkh jilglf;$lhJ.
jw;NghJs;s vy;yh epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l tbfhyikg;G ghijfSk;>
rkTauf;Nfhl;L tbfhy;fSk;> gbKiw tbfhy;fSk;>
jlq;fYf;Fl;glf;$lhJ vd;gJld; jpl;l fhyk; KOtJk; mit
guhkupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
epu;khz Njitfs; fhuzkhf tbfhyikg;Gfspd; jw;fhypf jpirkhw;wk;
mtrpag;gbd;> mt;thwhd Ntiyfis Muk;gpg;gjw;F Kd;duhf jpl;Lfis
gad;gLj;jp my;yJ fUq;fy; %ykhd jw;fhypf fhz;fs; mikf;fg;gLk;.
fhy;tha; mikg;Gfs; Xilfis flf;Fk; gFjpfspy; ePu;f;fhz;fs;
mikf;fg;gLk;.
tope;NjhLk; ePuhdJ epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l fUq;fy; fhz; %ykhf tsit
fq;iff;F jpir jpUg;gg;gLk;.
ghijfspy; nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspy; kjFfs; Nghd;w epue;jukhd tbfhy;
fl;likg;Gfs; itf;fg;gLk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 86
5.8 ePu; khriljiy fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; eltbf;iffs;
jhf;fq;fis jzpg;gjw;F gpd;tUk; Kiwfs; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd:
Mw;wq;fiufis ghJfhf;Fk; tifapy; mjid Nehf;fpa thfd
mirTfis fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
epu;khz thfdq;fs;> ,ae;jpuq;fs;> kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; rha;TfspNyh
my;yJ Mw;wq;fiuapNyh epiyj;jpUg;gJ jil nra;ag;gLk;.
epu;khz thfdq;fs;> ,ae;jpuq;fs;> kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs; vd;gdtw;iw
Mw;wpy; itj;J fOTjy; jilnra;ag;gLk;. Vnddpy; ,J jhtu
tpyq;FfSf;F er;Rj;jd;ik tha;e;j fpwP]; kw;Wk; vz;nza; gjhu;j;jq;fs;>
NrW> vd;gtw;wpdhy; ePiu khRgLj;Jk;.
Mw;wpd; mUNf kyry$lq;fs; epu;khzpf;fg;glhJ. vy;yh
kyry$lq;fSf;Fk; jukhd fopTf;Fopfs; (PVC my;yJ nfhq;wPl;)
nghuj;jg;gLk;. Mff;Fiwe;jJ 20 njhop;yhsu;fSf;F xU kyry$lk; tPjk;
mikf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
epu;khzj;jpd;NghJ> tpNrlkhf twz;l fhyj;jpy; Mw;wpd; ePu;j; juk;
njhlu;r;rpahf fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;.
5.9 foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;
5.9.1 jpz;kf; foptfw;wy;
jpl;lg; gFjpapypUe;J ,Ue;J tpLtpf;fg;gLk; jpz;kf;fopTfs; rupahd
Kiwapy; jdpahf rupahf ngauplg;gl;l jhq;fpfs; %yk; (ck;. Nrjd
fopT> gpsh];bf;> fljhrp> kw;Wk; fz;zhb Nghd;wd.) Nrfupf;fg;gl;L
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba Kiwapy; fPNo Fwpg;gpl;lthW mtw;Wf;Fwpa
nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspy; itj;J mfw;wg;gLk;;
a. Nrjd fopTfis nfhz;l jpz;kf;fopTfs; Ntiyj;jsj;jpNyNa
KbAkhdtiu Mw;wpypUe;J J}ukhf $l;nlU jahupg;gpy;
gad;gLj;jg;gL;k;.
b. capupaw; gpupe;jopiff;F cw;glhj gpsh];bf;> nghypj;jPd;> fz;zhb
Nghd;w jpz;kf;fopTfs; jdpahf Nru;j;Jitf;fg;gl;L mfw;wg;gLk; (kPs;
ghtiz my;yJ tpw;gid).
5.9.2 epu;khz fopTfs;
rPnke;J NrW Nghd;wd jdpahf Nrfupg;gjw;fhd xOq;Fikg;G
fhzg;gLtJld; gp.rigAld; fye;jhNyhrpj;J Mw;nwhJf;Fg; gFjpf;F
ntspNa Kiwahf mfw;wg;gLk;.
nfhq;wPl; fyit ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhq;wPl;il fyg;gjw;Fk; nfhz;L
nry;tjw;Fk; gad;gLj;Jk; Vida cgfuzq;fisAk; fOTk;NghJ
ntspNaWk; fopTePuhdJ Mw;nwhJf;Fg;Gwj;jpw;F ntspNa mfw;wg;gLk;.
mfw;wg;gl;l kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l vy;yh vz;nza; kw;Wk; fpwP];
gjhu;j;jq;fSk; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L> Kiwahf fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;L> mfw;wg;gLk;
(kPs;ghtid/tpw;wy;).
ePiu khrhf;Fk; rhj;jpaKs;s vy;yh ,urhad gjhu;j;jq;fSk;>
vz;nza;fSk; (m) ePNuhLk; ghijfspypUe;Jk; kioePu; tope;NjhLk;
ghijfspypUe;Jk; NghJkhdsT J}ukhfTk; (M) rpe;jg;gLtij Fiwf;Fk;
tifapYk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gLk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 87
nraw;gLj;Jk;NghJ ,urhadq;fs; kw;Wk; vz;nza;fspd; rpe;Jjiy
$Lkhdtiu Fiwg;gJld; ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fs; nrt;tNd
ghuhkupf;fg;gLk;.
Fg;igfSk; Nkyjpf kz;Zk; mjw;nfd xJf;fg;gl;l gFjpfspy; kl;Lk; (i) ePu;g;ghijfSk; tbfhyikg;GfSk; jilglhtz;zKk; (ii) mfw;wg;gLk;
nghUl;fs; nts;sj;jpdhy; mbj;Jr; nry;yg;glhj tifapYk; mfw;wg;gLk;.
Nkyjpf kz; kw;Wk; fopT ghiwfisAk; nfhz;l jpz;kf;fopTfs;
epyq;fis epug;Gtjw;fhf mfw;wg;gLk;.
5.9.3 kyry fopTfs;
Ntiyj;jsq;fspy; NghJkhdsT vz;zpf;ifahd kyry$lq;fs;
toq;fg;gLk;;
vy;yh kyry$lq;fSk; fopTj;jhq;fpfs; / mfj;JwpQ;Rk; Fopfis
NghJkhdsT nfhs;ssTld; nfhz;bUg;gjhy; KOikahd epu;khz
mtj;ij fhyj;jpw;Fkhf gad;gLj;jyhk;
fopT ePuhdJ Neubahf Mw;W ePupy; fyg;gij jtpu;g;gjw;fhd vy;yh
epahakhd Kaw;rpfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. mjhtJ> fopTj;jhq;fpfis
mikj;jy;> mfj;JwpQ;Rk; fhz;fs;> kw;Wk; milatpLjYf;fhd jhq;fpfs;
vd;gd Mw;wpypUe;Jk; ePu; Kjy;fspypUe;Jk; Fiwe;jJ 15kP J}uj;jpy;
fl;lg;gLk;.
jpl;l Rfhjhu gof;ftof;fq;fs; njhlu;ghf epu;khzj;njhopyhsu;fSf;F
gapw;rp.
5.10 #oypay; tsq;fis ghJfhg;gjw;fhd eltbf;iffs;
jpl;lg;gpuNjrkhdJ vt;tpjkhd Fwpg;gplj;jf;f thoplj;ijAk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.
vdpDk;> jpl;lg; gFjpapy; gy vz;zpf;ifahd cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa kw;Wk; Mgj;ij
vjpu;Nehf;Fk; ,dq;fis gjpT nra;Js;sJ. cj;Njr ,e;eltbf;iffs;
,t;tpdq;fspy; vt;tpj jhf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jtpy;iy. mjdhy;> jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpy;
fhzg;gLk; #oypay; %ytsq;fis ghJfhg;gjw;F tpNrlkhd ve;jnthU
eltbf;ifAk; mtrpakpy;iy.
5.10.1 ,af;Fk; fhyj;jpd;NghJ fPohw;Wg; gFjpapy; Vw;gLk; ePNuhl;lf;FiwtpdhYk;
Nkyhw;Wg; gFjpapy; ePupy; %o;fbf;fg;gLtjhYk; ePu;tho; jhtu tpyq;F
rhfpaq;fSf;F Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;
mizf;fl;Lg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J 460kP J}uj;jpy; ePuhdJ kPz;Lk; tpLtpf;fg;gLk;.
miz kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; ePu; tpLtpg;G gFjpf;Fk; ,ilNa
fhzg;gLk; Mw;wpd; gFjpapd; #oypay; Njitfis G+u;j;jp nra;Ak; tifapy;
Rw;Wr;#oy; ePNuhl;lkhf 0.34m3/s vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; guhkupf;fg;gLk;.
5.10.2 mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzk; fhuzkhf ePu; tho; jhtu tpyq;FfSf;F>
tpNrlkhf ,lk;ngau;tpy; <LgLk; kPdpdq;fSf;F Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;.
mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzj;jpd;NghJ ,jw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nghUl;fspdhy;
khRgLj;jg;gLtjhy; Mw;WePu; ghjpf;fg;gLk;. ,J ePu;tho; jhtu kw;Wk; tpyq;Ffspy;
mjPj ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk;. mjdhy;> mt;thwhd khRgLjiy jLg;gjw;fhf
khRf;fs; ePUld; Nruhj tifapy; jpl;Lfs; mikf;fg;gl;L jhf;ff;Fiwg;G
eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 88
kpd;Dw;gj;jpf;fhf ePu; jpir jpUg;gg;gLtjhy; Fiwe;j ePNuhl;lj;ij vjpu;Nehf;Fk;
Mw;wpd; ,g;gFjpapy; ,lk;ngaUk; tof;fKila kPdpdq;fs; vJTk;
gjpTnra;ag;gltpy;iy.
5.10.3 jupf;fg;glNtz;ba kuq;fs; cl;gl jiutho; jhtu tpyq;FfSf;F Vw;gLk;
jhf;fk;
jpl;lj;jpdhy; xyp kw;Wk; mjpu;Tfs; kw;Wk; J}Rf;fs; cUthjy; Nghd;wtw;wpdhy;
jiutho; tpyq;Ffspy; jw;fhypfkhd ,ilA+Wfs; fhzg;glyhk;. vdpDk;> ,t;
,ilA+Wfs; jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khz mtj;ijapd; NghJ kl;LNk Vw;gLtjhy; epu;khz
fhyj;jpd; NghJ Kiwahd Kd;ndr;rupf;if eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjd;
%yk; ,tw;iw $Lkhdtiu jtpu;j;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. jpl;lk; fhuzkhf kuq;fs;
vJTk; ntl;lg;glNtz;ba mtrpakpy;iy vd;gjhy; tpNrlkhd ve;jnthU jzpg;G
eltbf;iffSk; Njitapy;iy. As;sJ. mtw;Ws; xU cs;ehl;Lf;Fwpa (2
kuq;fs;)> xU Njrpa uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;fpAs;s (1 kuk;) kw;Wk; Njrpa
uPjpapy; Mgj;ij vjpu;Nehf;ftpUf;Fk; (2 kuq;fs;) vd;gd cs;slq;Ffpd;wd.
vdpDk;> ,t;tpdq;fspd; Fbj;njhifahdJ jpl;lj;jpdhy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f vt;tpjkhd
ghjpg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jhJ. mjdhy;> tpNrlkhd jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffs;
vJTk; Njitapy;iy. vdpDk;> ,jw;F e\;l<lhf jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsu;
jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; cldb ePNue;Jg;gFjpapy; ku tsu;g;G Ntiyj;jpl;lq;fis nkw;
nfhs;sNtz;Lk; vd gpNuupf;fg;gLtJld;> ,J jpl;lj;jpd; Kd;itg;ghsUf;Fk;
rhjfkhd epiyia jUk;.
5.11 Fiwe;j gl;r #oy; ePNuhl;l tpLtpg;gpw;fhd Vw;ghLfs;
miz kw;Wk; thw;gFjpf;fpilNa #oypay; epge;jidfis NghJkhdsT
<Lnra;tjw;F #oy; ePnuhl;lk; 0.34 m3/s xd;iw vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; NgZjy;
mtrpakhFk;.
5.12 r%f jhf;fq;fSf;fhd jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffs;
jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsupdhy; Vg;uy; 10> 2014> [_d; 30> 2014> kw;Wk; [_iy 25 2014
Mfpa jpfjpfspy; gpuNjr nrayhsu;> Fwpg;gpl;l fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;> kw;Wk;
rpy gpujhd nghWg;Gila tpWtdq;fSld; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; jhf;fq;fs; kw;Wk;
mtw;Wf;fhd jzpg;G eltbf;iffs; gw;wp gy fye;Jiuahly;fs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.
midj;J nghWg;GilNahu; fye;Jiuahly; $l;lq;fspdJk; gq;Fgw;wpNahu; ahtUk;
cj;Njr jpl;lj;jpd; mizf;fl;bd; epu;khzj;jpdhy; gpuNjrj;jpYs;s nts;sg;ngUf;F
epiyik nkYk; cf;fpukilAk; vDk; vz;zg;ghl;il nfhz;bUe;jdu;. [_iy 25>
2014 eilngw;w $l;lj;jpy;> cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;jpd;
njhopEl;g tpguq;fs; ,.kp.r apd; Ff;FNy fq;if ePu;kpd; jpl;lj;Jld; xg;gpl;Lk;>
mNjNtis> ,U ePu;kpd; jpl;lq;fspdJk; nts;sg;ngUf;F ePu; tpLtpg;G nghwpKiw
vd;gdTk; gq;Fgw;wpNahu;> Fwpj;j fpuhk cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;> kw;Wk; Vida
Kf;fpa cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;F tpsq;fg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. (gpz;zpizg;G V I kPl;Lf).
5.12.1 Mw;W ePiug; gad;gLj;JNthUf;fhd Vw;ghLfs;
jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpDs; cs;s Mw;W ePu; MdJ ePuhliyj; jtpu Ntnwe;j
Njitf;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy. ePuhLk; gFjpfs; gadhspfSldhd
fye;Jiuahlypd; gpd;du; nghUj;jkhd NtW gFjpfspy; Njitahd ghJfhg;Gld;
fl;likf;fg;gLk;.
ePNue;Jk; fl;likg;G kw;Wk; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; tpLtpg;G Gs;sp
vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapyhd Mw;Wg;gFjp fk;gpNtypaplg;gl;L kf;fspd; ghJfhg;gpw;fhf
vtUk; cs; Eioa KbahjthW jilnra;ag;gLk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 89
5.12.2 kzy; mfo;thsu;fspy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fk;
kzy; mfo;e;njLf;Fk; gFjpfs; cj;Njr mizf;fl;bd; fPohw;Wg;gFjpapy;
fhzg;gLtJld; jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J kpfj;J}ukh fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ngUk;ghyhd
gpuNjrq;fs; ,g;NghJ njhopw;ghl;by; ,y;iy. vdpDk;> miz kw;Wk; ePnuLf;Fk;
gFjpapy; NghJkhdsT kzy; gbT tpLtpf;Fk; fl;likg;Gfs;
tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; fPohw;Wg; gFjpapy; cs;s ,t; miktplq;fs; vJTk;
ghjpf;fg;glhJ. mizg;gFjpapy; ,uz;L 1.5 kP X 1.5 kP gbtfw;Wk; gliyfSk;
kw;Wk; ePNue;J gFjpapy; tisTg;gFjpapy; 2.0 kP X 2.0 kP kw;WnkhU gliyAk;
tbtikf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ,t; jpwg;Gfs; Mw;wpy; NghJkhdsT ePu; fhzg;gLk;
NghJ njhopw;gLj;jg;gLk;.
5.12.3 ghjpf;fg;gl;l cl;fl;likg;G trjpfis kPsikj;jy;
jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpy; vQ;rpAs;s xNunahU cl;fl;likg;G trjp Njhl;l ghijahFk;.
,J kpfTk; Nkhrkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l epiyapy; fhzg;gLtJld; jpl;lj;jpd; epu;khz
eltbf;ifs; Muk;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;du; kPs Gduikf;fg;gLk;.
5.12.4 ghjpf;fg;gLk; kf;fSf;fhd e\;l<l;L nghjpfs;
jpl;lkhdJ ghupastpyhd fhzpg;gug;ig gad;gLj;Jk; ve;jnthU tpistpidAk;
nfhz;bUf;fhJ. kpd;Dw;gj;jp jpl;lj;jpw;F Njitahd 0.57 n`f; fhzpahdJ
c];f;ntyp Njhl;lj;jpd; bugy;fhu; gpuptpypUe;J Nfl;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. kpd;flj;jw;
jlj;jpd; ghijahdJ kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpy; ,Ue;J 500kP njhiytpy;
mike;Js;s ,.kp.r apd; jw;NghJs;s mjptY kpd;fk;kgpAld; Mw;Nwhu ghij
topNa cs;s xJf;Fg;Gwj;jpd; Clhf mikfpd;wJ.
jpl;l mgptpUj;jpahsu; ghjpf;fg;gLk; ve;jnthU fhzp my;yJ nrhj;J njhlu;ghf
gpuNjr nrayhsupd; gupe;Jiug;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy; ,og;gPl;bw;F epfuhd e\;l<L
toq;fg;gLtij Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;shu;.
5.13 nghUl;fspd; nfhz;Lnry;yypdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fs;
nghUl;fspd; nfhz;Lnry;yypdhy; Vw;gLk; jhf;fq;fis Fiwg;gjw;fhf gpd;tUk;
gbKiwfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;:
kz; nfhz;l nry;Yk; nyhwpfSf;F ntspNa rpe;jhjthwhd kl;lj;jpw;F
kl;LNk kz; epug;gg;gLk;.
vy;yh epu;khzg; nghUl;fs; / epug;Gk; nghUl;fs; / Nkyjpf kz; Rikfs;
nfhz;Lnry;yypd; NghJ %lg;glNtz;Lk;.
Vw;Wjy; / nfhz;Lnry;yy;/ ,wf;Fjy; Nghd;w nraw;ghLfs; ghijfis
gad;gLj;JNthupy; vt;tpj mnrsfupaq;fisAk; vw;gLj;jhjthW
ml;ltizg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
rfjpAld; nghUl;fis nfhz;Lnry;Yk; buf;Ffs; buf;lu;fs; (lau;fspYk;
clypYk;) gpujhd nghJ tPjpfspy; gazk; nra;tjw;F
mDkjpf;fg;glkhl;lhJ.
J}R cUthtij jLg;gjw;Fk; njhopyhsu; kw;Wk; nghJ kf;fspd; ghJfhg;G
fUjpAk; Ntf fl;Lg;ghLfs; tpjpf;fg;gLk;.
ghlrhiyfs; jpwe;J kw;Wk; %Lk; Neuq;fspy; nfhz;Lnry;yy;
jtpu;f;fg;gLk;.
epu;khz thfd neupry; fhuzkhf gpujhd ghijfspy; J}R vOtij
jLg;gjw;fhf Njitiag; nghWj;J ePu; buf;Ffs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 90
nghUl;fis nfhz;L nry;tjw;F Xlk; gad;gLj;jNtz;ba Njit Vw;gbd;>
Kd; epu;khz epiyapd; NghJ Mw;wpw;F nry;Yk; top nrg;gdplg;glNtz;Lk;.
Xlj;jpdhy; nghUl;fis nfhz;L nry;yy; toikahd ghtidahsu;fSf;F
vt;tpj ghjpg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jhjthW Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
5.14 xyp / mjpu;Tfs; vd;gtw;iw fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; eltbf;iffs;
5.14.1 epu;khz mtj;ijapd; nghJ xypia fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
jpl;l epu;khz nra;w;ghLfspd; NghJ jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpd; vy;iyapy; xypapd;
kl;lkhdJ> nghUj;jkhd jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffs; %yk;> 1996 ,d; Njrpa
#oy; (xyp fl;Lg;ghL) tpjpKiwfs; ,y.01 ,d; cg ml;ltiz III ,y;
Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sthwhd msTfSf;Fs; Ngzg;gLk;. xypf;fl;Lg;ghl;by; ifahsg;gLk;
nghJthd eilKiwahdJ xypj;jilfis mikg;gjhFk;. jpl;lj;jpd; nraw;gLk;
gFjpfSf;F mz;ikahf czu;Ts;s xyp thq;fpfs; fhzg;gLk; gFjpfspy;>
jw;fhypfkhd xypj;jilfs; my;yJ jpiufs; mikf;fg;gLk;. ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fspd; ,af;fk; fhuzkhf Vw;gLk; xypapiz fl;Lg;gLj;j
gpd;tUk; eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
vy;yh fl;Lkhd NtiyfSk; KbAkhdtiu gfy; Ntiyfspy; kl;LNk
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; (njhopyrhu; Rfhjhu kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G
fhuzq;fSf;fhfTk;).
kpff; $ba xyp vOg;Gk; Ntiyfspy; (nfhd;fpwPl; / rPnke;J fyf;Fk;
nraw;ghL) <Lgl;bUf;Fk; kw;Wk; kpd;JisapLk; fUtp kpd;ths; Nghd;w
cau; xyp vOg;Gk; ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fis ifahSk; njhopyhsu;fSf;Fk;
nrtp milg;ghd;fs; my;yJ kg;yu;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.
KbAkhdtiu> Fiwe;j xyp vOg;Gk; (nfhd;fpwPl; / rPnke;J fyf;Fk;
nraw;ghL kw;Wk; ,bf;Fk; mjpu;thf;fp) ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;ggLtjw;F Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,ae;jpu cgfuzq;fspd;
njhlu;r;rpahd Kiwahd gOJghu;f;Fk; kw;Wk; guhkupg;G NritfSk;
toq;fg;gLk;.
5.14.2 nraw;gLj;jg;gLk; mtj;ijapd;NghJ xyp fl;Lg;ghL
njhopw;gLj;Jk; mtj;ijapd; NghJ> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; vy;iyfspy; xyp
kl;lq;fs; 1996 ,d; Njrpa #oy; (xyp fl;Lg;ghL) tpjpKiwfs; ,y.01 ,d;
cgml;ltiz I kw;Wk; II ,y; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sthwhd msTfSf;F Vw;wthW
fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; itf;fg;gLk;.
70‐80 db(A) mstpyhd rpy cau; xyp ntspg;ghL kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpDs;
vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk;> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; %ba xU njhFjpahf
fhzg;gLtjhy;> Roypfs; kw;Wk; kpd;gpwg;ghf;fpfs; %yk; ntspNaw;wg;gLk;
xypia fl;Lg;gLj;j tpNrl jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffs; Njitg;glhJ>
Vnddpy; kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpd; fUq;fy; Rtu; xypia
mfj;JwpQ;rpnfhs;tjpd; %yk; fl;Lg;gLj;jf;$bajhf mike;jpUf;Fk;.
vdpDk;> kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;ijr; Rw;wp nky;ypa gRQ;Rw;W Ntyp xd;W
Nkyjpf xyp fl;Lghl;L eltbf;ifahf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl
jpl;lkplg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ.
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyaj;jpy; Ntiy nra;Ak;> tpNrlkhf 4 kzpj;jpahyj;jpw;Fk;
Nkyjpfkhf njhlu;r;rpahd fhy vy;iyfSf;F ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk;
cj;jpNahfj;ju;fSf;F nrtp milg;ghd; my;yJ kg;yu;fs; toq;fg;gLk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 91
5.14.3 mjpu;Tfis fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfs; (,Ug;gpd;) %yk; cz;lhFk; mjpu;Tfis fl;Lg;gLj;j>
vy;yh ntbg;GfSk; KOikahf fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk;> cl;GFj;jg;gLk;
ntbnghUspd; msT mg;gpuNjrj;jpYs;s fl;blq;fspd; epiyikf;F Vw;wthW
mjid Muha;e;j gpd;dNu mtw;Wf;F Nrjk; Vw;glhjthwhd vy;iyfSf;Fs;
jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;. ,uT Neuq;fspy; vt;tpjkhd ntbg;G nraw;ghLfSk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;glhJ.
jpl;lj;jpd; fl;Lkhd kw;Wk; nraw;gLj;Jk; mtj;ijfspd;NghJ kj;jpa #oy;
mjpfhurigapdhy; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;s “ntbg;G nra;KiwfSf;fhd mjpu;T
,ilf;fhy jug;gLj;jy;fs;” kw;Wk; “,ae;jpuq;fis nraw;gLj;jy;> epu;khz
nraw;ghLfs; kw;Wk; thfd Nghf;Ftuj;J vd;gtw;Wf;fhd mjpu;T ,ilf;fhy
jug;gLj;jy;fs;” fl;lhakhf mKy;gLj;jg;glNtz;Lk;.
5.15 ntbitj;jy; jhf;fq;fSf;fhd ghJfhg;Gfs;
vy;yh ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfSk; GSMB,d; epge;jidfSf;Fk; topfhl;ly;fSf;Fk;
mikthfNt Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. Ff;FNy fq;if ,kpr jpl;lk; ntbj;jy;
nrad;Kiwf;F Kd;djhf mtu;fSila mDkjpf;fhf mWTWj;jg;gLk;. cWjpf;
Fiwthf fhzg;gLk; kw;Wk; FbapUg;Gfis mz;kpj;j jhf;fj;jpw;Fl;glf; $ba
gpuNjrq;fspy; ntbg;gw;w ,urhad Kiwapdhyhd ntbj;jy; nrad;KiwNa
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;. ntbitj;jy; njhlu;ghd Kiwapay; njhlu;ghd KbntLj;jy;
kw;Wk; ntbj;jy; nrad;Kiwfis fz;fhzpj;jy; nrad;kiwfSf;fhf vy;yh
re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; Gtpj;njhopEl;g / Ruq;f mfo;T nghwpapayhsu; xUtupd; Nrit
ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
Mgj;jpw;Fl;glf;$ba gpuNjrq;fspy; ntbg;gpw;Fl;glhj ,urhad ntbitj;jy;
Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ> vdpDk;> Mw;wq;fiu gpuNjrj;jpy; mt;thwd
,urhadq;fspd; ghtid cw;gj;jpahsu;fspd; cWjpg;gLj;jypd; gpd;dNu
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,q;F ePupd; juk; kw;Wk; ePu;tho; capupdq;fSf;F vt;tpjkhd
jhf;fKk; Vw;glhJ vd;gjid nghUl;fs; ghJfhg;G juT rhd;wpjo; (MSDS) %ykhf
kw;Wk; ru;tNjr uPjpapy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l gupNrhjid mwpf;iffs; %ykhfTk;
cWjpg;gLj;jpajd; gpd;dNu gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
nghJthd ntbitj;jYf;fhd nrad;Kiwfs;: ntbnghUl;fspd; nfhs;tdT> Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk; ghtid vd;gtw;Wf;F
Njitahd mDkjpfs; kw;Wk; mDkjpg;gj;jpuk; nghUj;jkhd mjpfhuk; ngw;w
epWtdq;fsplkpUe;J mjhtJ> GS&MB> Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr nrayfk;>
ntbnghUl;fs; fl;Lg;ghl;lhsu;> ghJfhg;G mikr;R> kw;Wk; cs;Su; nghyP];
Mfpatw;wplkpUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Jisaply;> ntbnghUs;Vw;wk; kw;Wk; ntbj;jy;> ghiwfis Nrfupj;jy;>
RikNaw;wy;> kw;Wk; mfw;Wjy; Nghd;wtw;iw cs;slf;fpa ghiw kw;Wk; fy;
mfo;T> rl;ljpl;lq;fSf;F cl;gl;L eilngwNtz;Lk; vd;gJld;> ntbnghUs;
Vw;wk; kw;Wk; ntbj;jy; vd;gd gfy;xspAld; eilngWk; vd;gJld;> Vida
eltbf;iffs; (Jisaply; kw;Wk; ghiwfis Nrfupj;jy; Nghd;w) gy Neukhw;w
Ntiy xOq;fikg;Gld;> ,uT Ntiy cl;gl Nkw;nfhs;sg;glyhk;.
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; rfy ntbg;G nrad;KiwfSk; mjd; tif kw;Wk;
ntbnghUl;fspd; msT vd;gtw;Wld; $ba xt;nthU ntbg;G nrad;KiwAk;
gjpTnra;ag;gLk;. ,j;juTg; gjpTfspd; RUf;fk; Ntiyj;jsj;jpy; itj;jpUf;fg;gLk;.
Jisaply; MdJ if-gpb fhw;wpdhy; ,aq;Fk; cgfuzj;ij gad;gLj;jp
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJld;> ntbJisfspd; tpl;lk; kw;Wk; Mok; vd;gd ntbitj;jy;
mDkjpg;gj;jpuj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sthW JisapLtjw;F
jPu;khdpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wJ. ghiw ntbj;jYf;fhd ntbnghUs;s msT vy;yh
re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; Gtpj;njhopEl;g / Ruq;f mfo;T nghwpapayhsu; xUtupd;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 92
jPu;khdj;jpdhNyNa> gad;gLj;jg;gl;l ntbnghUl;fspd; Xl;Lnkhj;j ,ize;j
jhf;fk; ve;jnthU vOe;jkhdkhd re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l cau; mjpu;t
ngWkhdj;ij tplTk; tpQ;rhjthW jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;. vOe;jkhdkhd
re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l cau; mjpu;T ngWkhdj;ij tplTk; tpQ;rhjthW
jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;.
ghiwfis RikNaw;wy; kw;Wk; mfw;Wjy;: ntbf;fitf;fg;gl;l ghiwfis
RikNaw;wp mfw;Wtjw;fhf nghwpEl;g cgfuzq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; vd;gJld;>
,jw;fhf mfo;tpfs;> Ftpg;ghd;fs; kw;Wk; buf;Ffs; vd;gd gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
ghJfhg;G Kd;ndr;rupf;if eltbf;iffs;:
ghJfhg;G cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis miktplj;jpy; itg;gjd; %yk;
Ntiyj;jsj;ij jahu;gLj;jy;: ve;jnthU KbTnra;ag;gl;l ntbj;jy;
nraw;ghl;bd; Kd;dUk;> ntbj;jy; nraw;ghl;bd; mghak; epytf;$ba
gpuNjrj;jpw;F ntspNa ghjfhg;G cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis rupahd epiyapy;
epakpg;gjd; %yk; ntspahl;fs; vtUk; mg;gpuNjr vy;iyf;Fs;
EioahjthW jilnra;ag;gLk;. ghJfhg;G cj;jpNahfj;ju;fis epakpg;gJld;
ntbj;jy; mghak; epyTk; gpuNjrj;jpDs; NjLjy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L ahUk;
mq;F ,y;iy vd;gij epr;rag;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
gwf;Fk; ghiwfis mlf;Ftjw;F ntbj;jy; gha;fspd; ghtid kw;Wk;
mjd; ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghf tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;L epr;rag;gLj;jg;gLk;.
,t; ntbj;jy; gha;fs; Nfgpad; tiyapdhy; glyplg;gl;L fPo;Nehf;fpa
Rikf;fhf kzy; %ilfs; kw;Wk; / ,wg;gu; lau; my;yJ kz;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
Muk;gfl;l mgha mwptpg;G – ntbj;jy; nrad;Kiwf;F Kd;ghf
tutpUf;Fk; ntbj;jy; epfo;Tf;F 5 epkplj;jpw;F Kd;du; mJ njhlu;ghf
Ntiyj;jsj;jpy; cs;NshUf;F mwptpf;Fk; tifapy; xU Kiw (01) mgha
mwptpg;G toq;fg;gLk;.
,Wjp mgha mwptpg;G – ntbj;jy; nrad;Kiw kpf neUq;Fk; NghJ %d;W
(3) FWfpa mgha mwptpg;Gfs; toq;fg;gLk;.
midj;Jk; Kbe;j mwptpg;G – Gif kw;Wk; J}R vd;git mlq;fpa gpd;du;
xU (01) mgha mwptpg;G toq;fg;gLk;.
ntbj;jy; gpuNjrk; mjpfhuk; ngw;w epGeu;fspdhy; njhopyhsu;fs; kPz;Lk;
Ntiyf;F jpUk;Gk; Kd;du; gupNrhjpf;fg;gLk;.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 93
6. cj;Njr fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lk;
gpd;tUk; Nehf;fq;fis G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf nghUj;jkhd xU #oy; fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rp
jpl;lk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffspd; mKyhf;fk; EIA ,d; mwpf;iff;F mikthf
fhzg;gLfpd;wjh vd cWjpnra;a njhlu;e;J fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;.
jhf;fq;fs; rl;l vy;iyfis jhz;lhJ vd cWjpnra;J nfhs;tjw;F.
Mgj;ij Vw;gLj;jf;$ba #oy; Nrjq;fs; njhlu;ghf fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w vr;rupf;if
tpLf;fg;gLk;. vy;yh njhlu;Gila epWtdq;fSk;> cs;Suhl;rp rigfs;> kw;Wk; tpUg;gKila fl;rpfs;
fz;fhzpg;G eltbf;iffspy; gq;Nfw;fyhk;. gpd;tUk; epWtdq;fs;> mikg;Gfis Nru;e;j
gpujpepjpfis nfhz;l #oy; fz;fhzpg;G FOnthd;W CEA ,dhy; mikf;fg;gLk;.
kj;jpa #oy; mjpfhurig
Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr nrayfk;
Gsj;rpq;fs gpuNjr rig
,yq;if kpd;rhu rig
ePbj;Jepiyf;Fk; rf;jptY mjpfhurig
Gtpapay; msit kw;Wk; Ruq;f mfo;T ikak;
Njrpa fl;bl Ma;T ikak;
tptrha Nritfs; jpizf;fsk;
Njrpa ePu; toq;fy; kw;Wk; tbfhyikg;G rig
ePu;g;ghrd jpizf;fsk;
mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jt kj;jpa epiyak;
td ghJfhgGj; jpizf;fsk;
tdtpyq;F ghJfhgGj; jpizf;fsk;
#oy; fz;fhzpg;G nra;w;ghLfs; epu;khzj;jpw;F Kd; epiyapYk; (jpl;lkply;)> epu;khzj;jpd;
NghJk;> kw;Wk; jpl;lj;jpd; nraw;gLj;jypd;NghJk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;. njhlu;r;rpahd
Kiwahd Ntiyj;js Ma;Tfs; #oy; ghJfhg;ig epr;rag;gLj;Jk; tifapYk; EIA ,y; Fwpg;gplg;gl;ljw;fikaTk; jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;iffs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wjh vd
fz;fhzpg;gjw;F Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. #oy; fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rp jpl;lkhdJ ml;ltiz 6.1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;sJ.
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 94
ml;ltiz 6.1: #oy; fz;fhzpg;G epfo;r;rp jpl;lk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
nraw;ghL / vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l
#oy; jhf;fk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;if jpl;lj;jpd;
mtj;ij fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk; $W
/ Fwpfhl;b fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;
Kiw
fz;fhzpf;fg;
gLk;
jlitfspd;
vz;zpf;if
mKy;gLj;Jk; / fz;fhzpf;Fk;
epWtdk;
kz;zupg;G
fl;Lg;ghL mfo;T Ntiyfs; Mff;Fiwe;j kl;lj;jpw;F
tiuaWf;fg;gLk;. ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l vy;yh Nkw;gug;GfSk;
njhlu;r;rpahf Gw; Nghu;itaplg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs;>
kz;zupg;G kw;Wk;
mupg;Nghil
cUthf;fk;
Fiwf;fg;gly;
epu;khz nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
thuhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
KbAkhd vy;yh re;ju;g;gq;fspYk; epu;khz jpl;lq;fs;>
nghUl;fspd; Nrkpg;G fplq;F> thfd jpUj;Jkplq;fs;> thfd
epWj;Jkplq;fs;> njhopyhsu; Kfhk;fs; Nghd;wd Mw;W xJf;F
tyaj;jpDs; epu;khzpf;fg;glhJ
tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;
Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs;
epu;khz nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
thuhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
xU Ntiyj;jsj;ij Rj;jg;gLj;jpaTlNdNa Nky; kz;
tUbnaLf;fg;gLtJld; mit Nrfupj;J itf;fg;gLk;. kz;
Nrkpg;Gfs; Rj;jg;gLj;jg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; tbfhy;
ghijfSf;F njhiythf Ftpj;J itf;fg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid thuhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
mfo;e;njLf;fg;gl;l Nkyjpfkhd kz; Njitahd
gpuNjrq;fspy; kPs; epug;gy; NtiyfSf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid thuhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
Nkyjpfkhd kz; gjhu;j;jq;fs; Kd;dNu Nju;e;njLf;fg;gl;l
gFjpfspy; nfhl;lg;gLk; epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;>
gpuNjr rig>
#.f.F (EMC)
epu;khz mtj;ijapd; NghJ jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;jpDs;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ve;jnthU kz; Nrkpg;Gk; Kiwahf
%lg;glNtz;Lk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpw;F Nkyhf cs;s rupTfspd; Nkw;gug;G
tbfhyikg;Gj; njhFjp Kiwahf guhkupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
gy;yhz;L fhy my;yJ gUtj;jpw;Fwpa ve;jnthU
ePNuhilAk; epu;khz kw;Wk; njhopw;gLj;jy; fhyj;jpd;NghJ
jilg;gLj;jg;glf;$lhJ my;yJ milf;fg;glf;$lhJ.
tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;
Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
KbAkhdtiu vy;yh tpjkhd ngUk;ghyhd mfo;T
NtiyfSk; kioaw;w fhyq;fspy; Nkw;nfhs;s
jpl;lkplg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs;
epu;khz fhy
ml;ltizia
fz;fhzpj;jy;
toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
ghijfspd; Nkw;gFjpapy; gf;f tbfhyikg;Gfs;
mikf;fg;gLk;. tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;
Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; my;yJ jiyNahl;lf; fhy;tha;
gFjpapypUe;J Nkyjpfkhd kz; Mw;wpDs; fiue;J
epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;
NghJ
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 95
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
nraw;ghL / vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l
#oy; jhf;fk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;if jpl;lj;jpd;
mtj;ij fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk; $W
/ Fwpfhl;b fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;
Kiw
fz;fhzpf;fg;
gLk;
jlitfspd;
vz;zpf;if
mKy;gLj;Jk; / fz;fhzpf;Fk;
epWtdk;
nry;tij jLg;gjw;F jw;fhypf kz; jpl;Lf;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;glyhk;.
#.f.F (EMC)
tz;ly;gbT
fl;Lg;ghL vy;yh epu;khzg; gFjpfspYk; epu;khzk;
Muk;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;gjhf tz;ly;gbT
nfhz;Lnry;yg;gLtij jtpu;f;Fk; tifapyhd Ntiyj;
jsj;jpw;Fs;Nsahd ghJfhg;G Kiwfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; kioePu; gLf;iffs;>
tz;ly; /milay;
nghwpfs;> Nrhjid
miz> kw;Wk;
kzw; ig jilfs;
Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;
NghJ
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
epug;G kz; cl;gl nghUl;fspd; Nrkpg;G gFjpfspy; ,Ue;J
tz;ly;gbT nfhz;Lnry;yg;gLtij jLf;f ntl;Lj;Jz;l
fhz;fs; my;yJ NkLfs; cUthf;fg;gLk;. mt;thwhd
ePNuhl;lq;fs; ntspNaw;wg;gLtjw;F Kd;gjhf tz;ly;gbT
mfw;Wk; Fsq;fSf;F mDg;gg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; kioePu; gLf;iffs;>
tz;ly; /milay;
nghwpfs;> Nrhjid
miz> kw;Wk;
kzw; ig jilfs;
Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;
NghJ
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l epyj;Jz;lq;fspd; ghJfhg;G kz;zupg;G
fl;Lg;ghl;L Kiwikfis gad;gLj;Jk;. epu;khzpj;jy; tz;ly; Ntypfs;>
KLgil my;yJ
jw;fhypf tpupg;Gfs;
toq;fg;gLk;.
Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
Mw;wq;fiuNahu
ghJfhg;G
Kiwfs;
mizg;gFjpapy; Mw;wq;fiug;gFjp kz;zupg;G fUq;fy;
jLg;Gr;Rtu; my;yJ Nfgpad; Rtu; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L
jLf;fg;glyhk;.
tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;
tbtikg;Gfs; / Mw;wq;fiu
ghJfhg;gpid
epr;rag;gLj;Jk;
tifapy; Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs;
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid xU jlit
tbtikg;gpd;
NghJ kw;Wk;
thuhe;jk;
epu;khz
fhyj;jpd;
NghJ
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
cWjpahd Mw;wq;fiufspy; epiyahd rupTfspy; Mokhd
Ntu;j;njhFjpfis nfhz;l Gw;fs; Nghd;w jhtu ghJfhg;G
Kiwfis mikj;jy;
epu;khzk;
kw;Wk;
nraw;gLj;jy;
ntl;bNtu; Gy;
Ntypfs;> %q;fpy;
kuq;fs; Nghd;wd
epiyehl;lg;gLk;.
Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
moptile;j ghiwfs; kw;Wk; kz;zhy; Md cWjpapoe;j
Mw;wq;fiug;gFjpfSf;F nghUj;jkhd nghwpKiw
tifapyhd ghJfhg;G Kiwfis gad;gLj;jp ghJfhg;ig
toq;fy;
tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;
nghUj;jkhd ePs
mfy cauq;fis
nfhz;l Nfgpad;
Fw;wpfs;>
Mw;wq;fiu topNa
ngupa ghiwfs;>
fUq;fy; Rtu;
my;yJ ghiw
mLf;F vd;gd
Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 96
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
nraw;ghL / vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l
#oy; jhf;fk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;if jpl;lj;jpd;
mtj;ij fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk; $W
/ Fwpfhl;b fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;
Kiw
fz;fhzpf;fg;
gLk;
jlitfspd;
vz;zpf;if
mKy;gLj;Jk; / fz;fhzpf;Fk;
epWtdk;
Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;
rha;Tfis
epiyg;gLj;Jk;
eltbf;iffs;
ePuizg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; tiuahd
gFjpapy; jhtug;gilahdJ kpff; ftdkhf mfw;wg;gLk;.
,t; ntspg;gLj;jyhdJ fl;likg;Gfspd; gupkhzq;fSf;F
Vw;whw;Nghy Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. Nkyjpfkhd fhzp
vf;fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; Rj;jg;gLj;jg;glhJ.
tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;
ntspg;gLj;jg;glNt
z;ba gFjp
fz;lwpag;gl;L
epyj;jpy;
milahsg;gLj;jg;g
Lk;. nghUj;jkhd
rupT ghJfhg;G
eltbf;iffs;
tbtikf;fg;gl;L
mKy;gLj;jg;gLk;.
Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid xU jlit
tbtikg;gpd;
NghJ gpd;du;
Njitf;Nfw;g
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;>
tbtikg;G
mNyhrfu;>
#.f.F (EMC)
ntbj;jy; nraw;ghLfis Njitahd Mff;Fiwe;j
kl;lj;jpw;F fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l Kiwfis gad;gLj;jp
jpl;lkply;. kpf Kf;fpakhd gFjpfspy; tpNrlkhf
cWjpaw;w rupTfspy; ,urhad ntbj;jy; nrad;Kiwfs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; Gtpj;njhopEl;g
nghwpapayhsu;
xUtupd;
MNyhrid ngw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gl;L
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;g
Lk;. ntbj;jy;
nrad;Kiwfs;
nghUj;jkhf
jpl;lkplg;gLk;.
Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
mizg;gpuNjrk;> fhy;tha;g; ghijapD}lhd gFjp> kw;Wk;
kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; vd;gtw;wpd; rpjwyile;j ghiwfs;
vy;yh eypthd tyaq;fSk; epug;gg;gl;L
tyikahf;fg;gLk;. jha;g;ghiwapd; fhyepiyahyope;j
nehWq;fpa gFjpfs; fl;likg;Gfspd; mbj;jsk;
,lg;gLtjw;F Kd;du; mfw;wg;glNtz;Lk;. mbj;jsq;fs;
Kiwahf jha;g;ghiwAld; ,izf;fg;gLk;.
tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;
Gtpj;njhopEl;g
nghwpapayhsu;
xUtupd;
MNyhrid ngw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gl;L
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;g
Lk;. eypthd
gpuNjrq;fs;
typikahf;fg;gLk;.
Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;>
tbtikg;G
mNyhrfu;>
#.f.F (EMC)
3kP f;Fk; Nkyhd epiyf;Fj;jhd ntl;Lfs; nghUj;jkhd
ghJfhg;G fl;likg;Gfspdhy; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;. 3kP f;Fk;
Fiwthd epiyf;Fj;jhd ntl;Lfs; Gtpj;njhopEl;g
nghwpapayhsu; xUtupd; MNyhridf;Nfw;g Njitahd
,lq;fspy; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.
tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;
Gtpj;njhopEl;g
nghwpapayhsu;
xUtupd;
MNyhrid ngw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gl;L
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;g
Lk;. / ntl;Lr; rha;Tfs;
ghJfhf;fg;gLk; / cWjpahf;fg;gLk;
Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;>
tbtikg;G
mNyhrfu;>
#.f.F (EMC)
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 97
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
nraw;ghL / vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l
#oy; jhf;fk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;if jpl;lj;jpd;
mtj;ij fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk; $W
/ Fwpfhl;b fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;
Kiw
fz;fhzpf;fg;
gLk;
jlitfspd;
vz;zpf;if
mKy;gLj;Jk; / fz;fhzpf;Fk;
epWtdk;
xt;nthU jpl;lf; $wpidAk; #oTk; mtw;wpd;
epiyg;Gj;jd;ikia NgZk; tifapy; NghJkhdsT
tbfhyikg;Gfs; toq;fg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; Gtpj;njhopEl;g
nghwpapayhsu;
xUtupd;
MNyhrid ngw;Wf;
nfhs;sg;gl;L
eilKiwg;gLj;jg;g
Lk;. / tbfhyikg;G
trjpfs;
Vw;gLj;jg;gLk;
Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;>
tbtikg;G
mNyhrfu;>
#.f.F (EMC)
mizg;gFjpapy;
fPohw;Wg; gFjp
kz;zupg;G
,af;fr;rf;jpia rpjwbg;gjw;Fk; Mw;wpd; jiu
mupg;gilahky; jLg;gjw;Fk; mizapd; tbtikg;gpd;
NghJ nghUj;jkhd rf;jpr; rpjwy; fl;likg;Gfs;
tbtikf;fg;gLk;.
tbtikg;G nghUj;jkhd rf;jpr;
rpjwy;
fl;likg;Gfs;
tbtikf;fg;gLk;.
tbtikg;G gupNrhjid; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
xU jlit #.f.F (EMC) / jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
thNyhl;lf;
fhy;tha;g;
gFjpapy;
fPohw;Wg; gFjp
kz;zupg;G
fPohw;Wg;gFjpia gutyilar; nra;tjw;fhfTk; Mw;wq;fiu
mupg;ig jLg;gjw;fhftk; thNyhl;lf;fhy;thahdJ
mfykhd gFjpahf rf;jpr; rpjwYf;fhf tbtikf;fg;gLk;. tbtikg;G nghUj;jkhd rf;jpr;
rpjwy;
fl;likg;Gfs;
tbtikf;fg;gLk;.
tbtikg;G gupNrhjid; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
xU jlit #.f.F (EMC) / jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
ntsptplg;gLk; gFjpapy; cs;s Mw;wpd; jiu nfhq;wPl;
,ly; ghiwg;glyply; Nghd;w nrad;kiwfspdhy;
kz;zupg;ig jLg;gjw;fhf Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.
tbtikg;G nghUj;jkhd rf;jpr;
rpjwy;
fl;likg;Gfs;
tbtikf;fg;gLk;.
tbtikg;G gupNrhjid; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
xU jlit #.f.F (EMC) / jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
nts;sf;fl;Lg;gh
l;L
eltbf;iffs;
Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; mjpfupf;fg;gl;l nts;sg;nguf;F
fhuzkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l tPLfSf;F gp.nr ,d;
MNyhridAld; nghUj;jkhd e\;l<l;il toq;Fjy;.
tbtikg;G>
epu;khzk;>
njhopw;gLj;
jy;
nghUj;jkhd
e\;l<l;L nghjpAld;
tPL
kPs;Fbaku;j;jg;gLk;.
Kd;ndLj;jypd;
gupNrhjid; njhlu;e;J #.f.F (EMC), jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;>
gp.nr
Nkyhw;Wg;gFjpapy; mjpfupf;fg;gl;l nts;sg;ngUf;F
fhuzkhf ghjpf;fg;gl;l ve;jnthU fhzpf;Fk; gp.nr ,d;
MNyhridAld; nghUj;jkhd e\;l<l;il toq;Fjy;. ;
njhopw;gLj;
jy; nghUj;jkhd
e\;l<l;L nghjp
toq;fg;gLk;
Kd;ndLj;jypd;
gupNrhjid; xt;nthU
nts;sg;ngU
f;fpd;NghJk;
mjd;
gpd;dUk;.
#.f.F (EMC), jpl;l Kd;itg;ghsu;>
gp.nr
nghUj;jkhd mur epWtdq;fspd; jiyikj;Jtj;jpy; Kd;
mgha mwptpg;G njhFjp> gapw;rpAldhd ntspafw;Wk;
njhFjp> Ff;FNy fq;if Nky; ePNue;Jg; gFjpapy;
kiotPo;r;rp fz;fhzpg;G Nghd;w nts;sf;fl;Lg;ghl;L
nrad;KiwfSf;F gq;fspg;G nra;jy;
Kd;-
tbtikg;G / njhopw;gLj;
jy;
nghUj;jkhd mur
epWtdq;fSf;F
cjtpfs;
toq;fg;gly;
$l;lq;fs; toikahf #.f.F (EMC)
tbfhyikg;G
Kfhikj;Jtk;
kioePu; vt;tpj jlq;fYkpd;wp RahjPdkhf Mw;wpDs;
nry;tij mDkjpj;jy;. epu;khzpj;jy; midj;J
tbfhyikg;G
epu;khz nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; thuhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 98
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
nraw;ghL / vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l
#oy; jhf;fk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;if jpl;lj;jpd;
mtj;ij fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk; $W
/ Fwpfhl;b fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;
Kiw
fz;fhzpf;fg;
gLk;
jlitfspd;
vz;zpf;if
mKy;gLj;Jk; / fz;fhzpf;Fk;
epWtdk;
ghijfSk;
jilg;gLj;jg;glhJ Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid #.f.F (EMC)
jpl;lg;gpuNjrj;ij #oTs;s ,aw;ifahd Xilfs;> twz;l
gs;sj;jhf;Ffs;> kw;Wk; mupg;Nghilfs; vd;gd vt;tpjkhd
epu;khz eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; jpz;kf;fopT Nru;j;jy;
%yNkh jilglf;$lhJ.
epu;khzpj;jy; midj;J
tbfhyikg;G
ghijfSk;
jilg;gLj;jg;glhJ
epu;khz nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
thuhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
jw;NghJs;s vy;yh epu;khzpf;fg;gl;l tbfhyikg;G
ghijfSk;> rkTauf;Nfhl;L tbfhy;fSk;> gbKiw
tbfhy;fSk;> jlq;fYf;Fl;glf;$lhJ vd;gJld; jpl;l
fhyk; KOtJk; mit guhkupf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
Kd;-
epu;khzk; / epu;khzk; / njhopw;gLj;
jy;
midj;J
tbfhyikg;G
ghijfSk;
jilg;gLj;jg;glhJ
epu;khz nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
thuhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
epu;khz Njitfs; fhuzkhf tbfhyikg;Gfspd; jw;fhypf
jpirkhw;wk; mtrpag;gbd;> mt;thwhd Ntiyfis
Muk;gpg;gjw;F kd;duhf jpl;Lfis gad;gLj;jp my;yJ
fUq;fy; %ykhd jw;fhypf fhz;fs; mikf;fg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; jw;fhypf miz>
fUq;fy;
tbfhyikg;Gfs;
vd;gd
Ntiyj;njhlq;Ftj
w;F Kd;du;
toq;fg;gLk;
epu;khz nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
fhy;tha; mikg;Gfs; Xilfis flf;Fk; gFjpfspy;
ePu;f;fhz;fs; mikf;fg;gLk;. tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;
ePu;-fhz;fs;
toq;fg;gLk; gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;
NghJ
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;>
tbtikg;G
mNyhrfu;>
#.f.F (EMC)
ghijfspy; nghUj;jkhd ,lq;fspy; kjFfs; Nghd;w
epue;jukhd tbfhyikg;G fl;likg;Gfs; itf;fg;gLk;. tbtikg;G / epu;khzk;
tbfhy; kjFfs;
toq;fg;gLk; gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;
NghJ
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;>
tbtikg;G
mNyhrfu;>
#.f.F (EMC)
ePu; khriljiy
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;
eltbf;iffs;
Mw;wq;fiufis ghJfhf;Fk; tifapy; mjid Nehf;fpa
thfd mirTfis fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
epu;khzpj;jy; Mgj;ij
vjpu;Nehf;Fk;
gFjpfspy;
thfdq;fs;
mDkjpf;fg;glhJ
gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;
NghJ
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
epu;khz thfdq;fs;> ,ae;jpuq;fs;> kw;Wk; cgfuzq;fs;
rha;TfspNyh my;yJ Mw;wq;fiuapNyh epiyj;jpUg;gJ
jil nra;ag;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; Mgj;ij
vjpu;Nehf;Fk;
gFjpfspy;
thfdq;fs;
mDkjpf;fg;glhJ
gupNrhjid Njitg;gLk;
NghJ
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 99
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
nraw;ghL / vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l
#oy; jhf;fk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;if jpl;lj;jpd;
mtj;ij fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk; $W
/ Fwpfhl;b fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;
Kiw
fz;fhzpf;fg;
gLk;
jlitfspd;
vz;zpf;if
mKy;gLj;Jk; / fz;fhzpf;Fk;
epWtdk;
vy;yh kyry$lq;fSf;Fk; jukhd fopTf;Fopfs;
nghUj;jg;gLk;. epu;khzpj;jy; Mff;Fiwe;jJ 20
njhopyhsu;fSf;F
xU kyryf;$lk;
vDk; tifapy;
Mw;nwhJf;Fg;Gwq;f
Sf;F ntspNa
mikf;fg;gLtij
cWjpg;gLj;jy;
gupNrhjid xU jlit jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
epu;khzj;jpd;NghJ> tpNrlkhf twz;l fhyj;jpy; Mw;wpd;
ePu;j; juk; njhlu;r;rpahf fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;. Kd;-
epu;khzk;>
epu;khzk;
ePupd; juj;ij
fz;fhzpf;Fk;
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
ePu;j;ju mwpf;iffspd;
gupNrhjid khjhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
foptfw;Wk;
Kiwfs; : jpz;kf;fopTfis
mfw;wy;
jpl;lg; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J cUthFk; jpz;kf;fopTfs; rupahd
Kiwapy; jdpahf rupahf ngauplg;gl;l jhq;fpfs; %yk; (ck;.
Nrjd fopT> gpsh];bf;> fljhrp> kw;Wk; fz;zhb Nghd;wd.)
Nrfupf;fg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; nghUj;jkhd
foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;
ifahsg;gLk;
jpl;lg; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk;
jq;Fkplq;fis
fz;fhzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
jpdKk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;>
#.f.F (EMC), gp.r
Nrjd fopTfis nfhz;l jpz;kf;fopTfs; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L
jpl;lg;gFjpf;Fs;NsNa Mw;wpypue;j fzprkhdsT J}uj;jpy;
$l;nlUthf;fg; gad;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; Kiwahd foptfw;Wk;
xOq;FKiw
fhzg;gLk;
Monitoring of routine disposal; Ntiyj;js
gupNrhjid
jpdKk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;>
#.f.F (EMC), gp.r
capu;g; gpupe;jopiff;F cw;glhj gpsh];bf;> nghypj;jPd;> fz;zhb
Nghd;w jpz;kf;fopTfs; jdpahf Nru;j;Jitf;fg;gl;L mfw;wg;gLk;
(kPs;; ghtiz my;yJ tpw;gid)
epu;khzk;
kw;Wk;
nraw;gLj;jy;
kPs; gad;ghL my;yJ
tpw;wy; nraw;ghLfs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
NtWgLj;jy;fis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; gupNrhjid
thuhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;>
#.f.F (EMC), gp.r
foptfw;Wk;
Kiwfs; : fl;bl epu;khz
fopTfs;
rPnke;J NrW Nghd;wd jdpahf Nrfupg;gjw;fhd
xOq;Fikg;G fhzg;gLtJld; gp.rigAld; fye;jhNyhrpj;J
Mw;nwhJf;Fg; gFjpf;F ntspNa Kiwahf mfw;wg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; nghUj;jkhd
foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;
ifahsg;gLk;
epu;khz nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
jpdKk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;>
#.f.F (EMC), gp.r
nfhq;wPl; fyit ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhq;wPl;il
fyg;gjw;Fk; nfhz;L nry;tjw;Fk; gad;gLj;Jk; Vida
cgfuzq;fisAk; fOTk;NghJ ntspNaWk; fopTePuhdJ
Mw;nwhJf;Fg;Gwj;jpw;F ntspNa mfw;wg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; nghUj;jkhd
foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;
ifahsg;gLk;
epu;khz nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
jpdKk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
mfw;wg;gl;l kw;Wk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l vy;yh vz;nza;
kw;Wk; fpwP]; gjhu;j;jq;fSk; Nrfupf;fg;gl;L> Kiwahf
fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;L> mfw;wg;gLk; (kPs;ghtid/tpw;wy;).
epu;khzpj;jy; kPs; gad;ghL m
tpw;wy; nraw;ghLfs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
epu;khz nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
thuhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
ePiu khrhf;Fk; rhj;jpaKs;s vy;yh ,urhad
gjhu;j;jq;fSk;> vz;nza;fSk; (m) ePNuhLk;
ghijfspypUe;Jk; kioePu; tope;NjhLk; ghijfspypUe;Jk;
epu;khzpj;jy; nghUj;jkhd
foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;
ifahsg;gLk;
epu;khz nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
jpdKk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 100
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
nraw;ghL / vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l
#oy; jhf;fk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;if jpl;lj;jpd;
mtj;ij fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk; $W
/ Fwpfhl;b fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;
Kiw
fz;fhzpf;fg;
gLk;
jlitfspd;
vz;zpf;if
mKy;gLj;Jk; / fz;fhzpf;Fk;
epWtdk;
NghJkhdsT J}ukhfTk; (M) rpe;jg;gLtij Fiwf;Fk;
tifapYk; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gLk;.
nraw;gLj;Jk;NghJ ,urhadq;fs; kw;Wk; vz;nza;fspd;
rpe;Jjiy $Lkhdtiu Fiwg;gJld; ,ae;jpu
cgfuzq;fs; nrt;tNd ghuhkupf;fg;gLk;.
njhopw;gLj;
jy; nghUj;jkhd
foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;
ifahsg;gLk;
guhkupg;G Ntiyfspd;
fz;fhzpg;G; Ntiyj;js
gupNrhjid
thuhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
Fg;igfSk; Nkyjpf kz;Zk; mjw;nfd xJf;fg;gl;l
gFjpfspy; kl;Lk; (i) ePu;g;ghijfSk; tbfhyikg;GfSk;
jilglhtz;zKk; (ii) mfw;wg;gLk; nghUl;fs;
nts;sj;jpdhy; mbj;Jr;nry;yg;glhj tifapYk;
mfw;wg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; nghUj;jkhd
foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;
ifahsg;gLk;
epu;khz nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
jpdKk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
Nkyjpf kz; kw;Wk; fopT ghiwfisAk; nfhz;l
jpz;kf;fopTfs; epyq;fis epug;Gtjw;fhf mfw;wg;gLk;. epu;khzpj;jy; nghUj;jkhd
foptfw;Wk; Kiwfs;
ifahsg;gLk;
epu;khz nraw;ghLfis
fz;fhzpj;jy;; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid
thuhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
foptfw;Wk;
Kiwfs; : kyry fopTfs;
Ntiyj;jsq;fspy; NghJkhdsT vz;zpf;ifahd
kyry$lq;fs; toq;fg;gLk; Kd;-
epu;khzk; / epu;khzk;
mikf;fg;gLk;
kyry$lq;fspd;
vz;zpf;if
gupNrhjid khjhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
vy;yh kyry$lq;fSk; fopTj;jhq;fpfs; / mfj;JwpQ;Rk;
Fopfis NghJkhdsT nfhs;ssTld; nfhz;bUg;gjhy;
KOikahd epu;khz mtj;ij fhyj;jpw;Fkhf
gad;gLj;jyhk;
Kd;-
epu;khzk;> / epu;khzk;
Rfhjhu fopT Fopfs;
/ mfj;JwpQ;Rk;
Fopfspd; nfhs;ssT
gupNrhjid xU jlit jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
fopT ePuhdJ Neubahf Mw;W ePupy; fyg;gij
jtpu;g;gjw;fhd vy;yh epahakhd Kaw;rpfSk;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. mjhtJ> fopTj;jhq;fpfis mikj;jy;>
mfj;JwpQ;Rk; fhz;fs;> kw;Wk; milatpLjYf;fhd
jhq;fpfs; vd;gd Mw;wpypUe;Jk; ePu; Kjy;fspypUe;Jk;
Fiwe;jJ 15kP J}uj;jpy; fl;lg;gLk;.
Kd;-
epu;khzk;> / epu;khzk;
kyryf;$lq;fSf;F
k;
ePu;g;ghijfSf;Fk;
,ilapyhd J}uk;
gupNrhjid khjhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
jpl;l Rfhjhu gof;ftof;fq;fs; njhlu;ghf
epu;khzj;njhopyhsu;fSf;F gapw;rp. epu;khzpj;jy; gapw;rp epfo;Tfspd;
vz;zpf;if
gupNrhjid thuhe;jk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
Fiwe;j gl;r
#oy;ePNuhl;l
tpLtpg;gpw;fhd
gpNuupf;fg;gl;Ls;s #oy; ePNuhl;lk; 0.34 m3/s ,id
njhlu;r;rpahfTk; jlq;fypd;wpAk; tpLtpf;Fk; tifapYk;
mizahdJ tbtikf;fg;gLk;
tbtikg;G/ njhopw;gLj;
jy;
,Wjp tbtikg;G / njhlu;r;rpahd
ePNuhl;l tpLtpg;G
tbtikg;Gfis
Muha;jy; / gupNrhjid xU jlit / toikahf
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 101
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
nraw;ghL / vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l
#oy; jhf;fk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;if jpl;lj;jpd;
mtj;ij fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk; $W
/ Fwpfhl;b fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;
Kiw
fz;fhzpf;fg;
gLk;
jlitfspd;
vz;zpf;if
mKy;gLj;Jk; / fz;fhzpf;Fk;
epWtdk;
Vw;ghLfs;
kuk; eLif jpl;lj;jpd; cldb ePNuhe;Jg; gpuNjrj;jpy; kuq;fis
ehl;Ljy;
epu;khzk;
kw;Wk;
nraw;gLj;jy;
kueLif epfo;r;rp
eilngWk; gupNrhjid toikahf jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
Mw;Wg;gadhspf
spd; Vw;ghL
ghjpf;fg;gl;l ePuhLk; gFjpfs; gadhspfSldhd
fye;jiuahlypd;gb trjpahd ,lj;jpw;F nghUj;jkhd
ghij kw;Wk; ghJfhg;Gld; ,lk;khw;wg;gLk;.
Kd;-
epu;khzk; ePuhLk; gFjpfs;
toq;fg;gLk; gupNrhjid / nghWg;Gilikahsu;fsp
d; fye;Jiuahly;
KbAkhdtiu
mbf;fb
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
kf;fspd; CLWtiy jtpu;g;gjw;fhf ePNue;Jk;
gFjpapypUe;J kpd;Dw;gj;jp epiyak; tiuahd ,U
fiufisAk; NtypapLjy;.
epu;khzpj;jy; NtypapLjy; gupNrhjid xU jlit
kpd;Dw;gj;jp
Muk;gpg;gjw;F
Kd;djhf
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
NghJkhdsT kzy; tpLtpf;Fk; jpwg;Gfs; miz kw;Wk;
ePnue;Jk; gFjpapy; toq;fg;gLk;.
NghJkhdsT ePu; fhzg;gLk;NghJ kzy; gbT tpLtpf;Fk;
jpwg;Gfs; njhopw;gLj;jg;gLk;.
tbtikg;G
njhopw;gLj;
jy;
,Wjp tbtikg;G
kzy; gbT
tpLtpf;Fk; jpwg;Gfs;
jpwf;fg;gLk;
tbtikg;G guprPyid
gupNrhjid
xU jlit
kiof;fhyj;jp
d; NghJ
jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC) jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC)
e\;l<l;L nghjp jpl;lj;jpd; eltbf;if fhuzkhfTk; ve;jnthU fhzpNah
my;yJ nrhj;Njh ghjpf;fg;gLkhdhy;> jpl;l
mgptpUj;jpahsu; gpuNjr nrayhsupd; gupe;Jiug;gpw;F Vw;g
e\;l<L toq;fg;gLk;
Kd;-
epu;khzk; e\;l<L
toq;fg;gLk; njhif
Mtzq;fspd;
gupNrhjid xU jlit gpuNjr nrayfk;
nghUl;fis
nfhz;Lnry;yy; kz; nfhz;L nry;Yk; nyhwpfSf;F ntspNa
rpe;jhjthwhd kl;lj;jpw;F kl;LNk kz; epug;gg;gLk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs;
Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid jpdKk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC), cs;Su; nghyP];
vy;yh epu;khzg; nghUl;fs; / epug;Gk; nghUl;fs; / Nkyjpf kz; Rikfs; nfhz;Lnry;yypd; NghJ %lg;glNtz;Lk;.
epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid jpdKk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC), cs;Su; nghyP];
rhj;jpakhd thfd neupriy Fiwf;Fk; tifapy; Vw;Wjy;
/nfhz;Lnry;yy; /,wf;Fjy; vd;gd jpl;lkplg;gLk; epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid jpdKk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
#.f.F (EMC), cs;Su; nghyP];
rfjpAld; nghUl;fis nfhz;Lnry;Yk; buf;Ffs;
epu;khzpj;jy; Ntiyj;js
nraw;ghLfs; Ntiyj;js gupNrhjid jpdKk; jpl;l
Kd;itg;ghsu;
Rw;Wr;#oy; jhf;f kjpg;gPl;L mwpf;if-cj;Njr NghfhN`d-Ff;Fyh rpW ePu;kpd; jpl;lk; - Mf];l; 2015 102
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l
nraw;ghL / vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gl;l
#oy; jhf;fk;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;l jhf;ff;Fiwg;G eltbf;if jpl;lj;jpd;
mtj;ij fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk; $W
/ Fwpfhl;b fz;fhzpf;fg;gLk;
Kiw
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