Rural Libraries and Rural Librarian Training in the US

农村图书馆和农村图书馆员培训

Mengxiong Liu, Ph.D.

San Jose State University

刘孟雄博士圣荷西州立大学

Rural Background美国农村概况

85% land is rural 农村面积 25% rural population 农村人口 Out migration in the 1980s 农村人口外流 Reverse in the 1990s 农村人口回流 Outmigration: young and highly educated

农村人口外流多为年轻有文化者

Living Conditions in Rural Areas农村生活情况

57% do not own a car 没有汽车 40% w/o public transportation 没有公共交通 22,000,000 live in medically underserved

areas 缺医少药 Fewer rural residents have B.A. or higher

大学毕业年轻人要比城市少得多 More rural residents have no high school

diploma 没有高中毕业的要比城市多得多

Rural Communities’ Unique Challenges农村社区的独特挑战

Isolation Los population density Mobility disadvantages Scarcity of financial

resources Lack of expertise and

human resources Resistance to change and

innovation Lack of ancillary services

偏僻孤立 人口密度低 流动性不足 稀缺的金融资源 缺乏专业知识和人力资

源 偏于保守，抵制变革与

创新 缺乏辅助服务

Rural Library Issues农村图书馆问题

Library financing Lack of academically

trained staff Lack of technology Limited analysis of

community needs Traditionally

conservative nature

缺乏图书馆资金 缺乏训练有素的工作

人员 缺乏技术条件 社会需求分析不足 传统保守的性质

ALA Committee on Rural, Native, and Tribal Libraries of All Kinds (2004) 农村 , 原住民和部落图书馆委员会

http://www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/olos/rntloakcttee.cfm

To review issues and challenges facing rural, native and tribal libraries of all kinds; to collaborate with other ALA units addressing the needs of rural communities; and to serve as an advocate for and partner with libraries serving rural, tribal and native populations.

审查农村 , 原住民和部落图书馆面临的问题和挑战 ;与全美图书馆协会协作解决农村社区的需要 ; 并成为一个为合作伙伴提供服务和倡导农村原住民和部落图书馆地推动者和合作伙伴。

Survey Results 调查结果

Greatest challenge – money Training needs for both

library staff and users: computer skills and basic library skills

Training needs for library staff: academic training

Hardware, technical support and training

最大的挑战 – 资金 图书馆工作人员和用户

培训需求：电脑技能和图书馆使用基本技能

图书馆工作人员培训需求：系统图书馆学

硬件，技术支持

Assets in rural Communities and Libraries 农村社区和图书馆所拥有的资产

Rural people – the biggest asset

Rural human resources – dedicated library staff, library trustees, library volunteers, and library supporters.

Rural library users – meeting their needs is the rural librarian’s top priority

Library buildings – the only governmental presence, a point for a variety of public services

农村人民 - 最大的资产 农村人力资源 – 敬业的

图书馆工作人员，图书馆义工，图书馆支持者

农村图书馆用户 - 满足他们的需要，是农村图书管理员的首要任务

图书馆建筑 - 唯一的政府代表和各类公共服务点

National Responses全国性对策

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation 比尔盖茨基金会

The Rural Library Sustainability Project http://www.webjunction.org/rlsp 农村图书馆持续发展项目

WebJunction www.webjunction.org 农村图书馆员网上培训项目

The Maintain IT Project http://www.alatechsource.org/blog/2007/01/talking-about-the-maintain-it-project.html 信息技术维护项目

The Rural Library Sustainability Project 农村图书馆持续发展项目

Increase the number of rural librarians implementing technology sustainability action plans by providing funding for all 50 state library agencies. 提供 50 个州资金来增加农村图书馆员以实施此项持续性的行动计划

WebJunction is poised to play a leading role in the program, through a combination of curriculum development, facilitation, evaluation, and online communication activities for each participating state. WebJunction 在方案中发挥主导作用，包括课程，协调，评价，并为参与者提供在线交流活动。

WebJunction facilitates a forum for participants to meet in conjunction with ALA’s annual conference to discuss, share, and develop next steps. WebJunction 提供一个论坛与美国图书馆协会年度会议同时举行让参与者讨论，交流，发展未来的步骤。

WebJunction网上课程目录 (500 courses)

Library Community Responses图书馆界的对策

CRNTAK – advocacy tool kit 宣传策略和工具http://www.ala.org/ala/aboutala/offices/olos/supporttoolkit/

strategy.cfm PLA’s Rural Library Services Committee

公共图书馆协会的农村图书馆服务委员会 Conferences of Association of Rural & Small

Libraries 农村和小图书馆协会 Library Practitioner Certification Program

图书馆从业者认证计划

California Initiative加州倡议

Rural Library Initiative Website www.rurallibraries.org 农村图书馆倡议网站

Rural Library Training Resources www.rurallibraries.org/training/index.html 农村图书馆培训资源库

Rural Electronic Clearinghouse http://resourceroundup.net

农村图书馆资源交换中心

California State Library's Rural Initiative

美国加州州立图书馆的农村倡议是 LSTA 资助的项目，引导更多的资源用于地理位置偏僻的公共图书馆。农村图书馆倡议协助解决其自身的使命，就是：所有的州民都能自由和方便地利用图书馆的资源和服务丰富他们的生活，不论他们在何处居住。

Rural Library Initiative Website农村图书馆倡议网站

Rural Library Training Resources农村图书馆培训资源库的形式和内容

On-ground 实地培训

Online 在线培训 Webnar 网上培训

Core reference fundamentals 参考服务基础

Fully engaged customer service 客户服务

Libraries helping individuals and communities 图书馆对个人和社区的帮助

Online Training Workshops 网上培训课程

Rural Electronic Clearinghouse

农村图书馆资源交换中心是一个在线档案，帮助加州的农村公共图书馆服务更有效。通过提供所需的常用文件，材料和图书馆业务的有关方案，政策和实践，来帮助农村图书馆更快，更方便地获取信息。

农村图书馆资源交换中心

Focus on Three Key Issues三个关键问题

Reduce project fragmentation and create synergy 减少项目分散，创造协同效应

Get more people in the circle and out of isolation 吸引更多的人加入进来，脱离孤立

Need to expand the circle 需要扩大圈子

ReferenceHildreth, Susan “Rural libraries: the heart of our community.”

Public Libraries. March/April 2007, p 7-11.