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RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI. pengertian cara mempelajari geologi ilmu-ilmu terkait sistem dalam geologi profesi yang berhubungan denga n geologi. Pengertian. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
• pengertian• cara mempelajari geologi• ilmu-ilmu terkait • sistem dalam geologi• profesi yang berhubungan dengan
geologi
Pengertian
• Geology: The study of the Earth as a whole, its origin, structure, composition, and history (including the development of life), and the nature of the processes which have given rise to its present state.
Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of Geology. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.
Pertanyaan:• Cari definisi lain dari buku-buku geologi
berbahasa Inggris di Perpustakaan Pusat.
Cara mempelajari
• Mengikuti pendidikan geologi• Loka dan wahana utama:
– Perpustakaan termasuk internet– Laboratorium (studio)– Lapangan
Perhatikan• Belum dikatakan belajar geologi sebelum ke
lapangan, laboratorium dan perpustakaan!
Ilmu-ilmu terkait
MATEMATIKAFISIKA KIMIA
STATISTIKA
HIDROLOGI
GEOLOGIBIOLOGI
METEOROLOGI
ILMU-ILMUDASAR
ILMU-ILMUDASAR
KEBUMIAN
ILMU-ILMUTERAPAN
TEKNOLOGI
GEOLOGIMINYAKBUMI
GEOLOGIBAHAN GALIAN
GEOLOGIPANASBUMI
GEOLOGITEKNIK
GEOLOGILINGKUNGAN
TEKNIKPERMINYAKAN
TEKNIKPERTAMBANGAN
TEKNIKSIPIL INDUSTRI
PARIWISATA
DLL
DLL
Ilmu-ilmu antara
FISIKA
KIMIA
STATISTIKAHIDROLOGI
GEOLOGI
BIOLOGI
WISATAGEOFISIKA
GEOHIDROLOGI
GEOKIMIA
GEOSTATISTIKA
PALEONTOLOGI
GEOWISATADLL
Pertanyaan:• Mengapa muncul ilmu-ilmu antara?
ARKEOLOGIGEOARKEOLOGI
Cabang-cabang geologiGEOLOGI
Pertanyaan:• Mengapa cabang-cabang geologi juga
banyak?
DLL
MINERALOGI
PETROLOGI
GEOMORFOLOGI
GEOLOGISTRUKTUR
STRATIGRAFI TEKTONIKA
PALEONTOLOGI
VOLKANOLOGI
GEOLOGISEJARAH
SPELEOLOGI LIMNOLOGI
RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
• pengertian• cara mempelajari geologi• ilmu-ilmu terkait • sistem dalam geologi• profesi yang berhubungan dengan
geologi
I WONDER
• There are many diversifications in the world, but they have been being maintained in a single magnificent system and under dynamic equilibrium.
Bambang Prastistho
Our previous earth
GEOSPHERE
HYDROSPHEREATMOSPHERE
BIOSPHERE
GEOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE
HIDROSPHERE
RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI
• pengertian• cara mempelajari geologi• ilmu-ilmu terkait • sistem dalam geologi• profesi yang berhubungan dengan
geologi
Why Study Geology? Because geology is all around us.
• 1. Geological Resources• 2. “The Environment” • 3. Geological Hazards
(Changes posing risks)
• 4. Engineering • 5. Landforms and Surface Processes• 6. Historical Geology
Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations
Environmental Geology
The Cradle of Civilization Sprung from geology of the region
Tigris River, Iraq
http://encarta.msn.com/
Why Study Geology?
– The Cradle of Civilization (Fertile Crescent)
– Development limited by availability, e.g., soil, water, energy
– Conflicts based on resources, e.g., water, minerals, oil…
http://encarta.msn.com/
1. Geological Resources
Misuse of Resources
These Maps illustrate the Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top) and 2000 (bottom). Permanent marshlands, pictured in green, have shrunk 90 percent in that period.
Illustration courtesy United Nations Environment Program
2. The Environment
Misuse of Geologic ResourcesDesiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan
http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm
2. The Environment
Overuse of Geologic Resources
• 1.7 billion are joining the consumer class and the environment won’t sustain this standard of living (Worldwatch Institute 2004)
• Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is accelerating global warming
• Climate change is accelerating melting of glaciers and driving mass extinctions (The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Leeds University, UK)
2. The Environment (Geology in the News)
Geology in the News
• Two die in 6.5 magnitude Earthquake near San Lois Obispo California
• Earthquake triggers mudslides
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003
3. Geologic Hazards
San Andreas Fault
Assessing Risk“Major Quake Likely to
Strike San Francisco Bay Region Between 2003 and 2032”
• Assessing Risks• Avoiding Risks• Preventing
Damage• Predicting Impact
3. Geologic Hazards
http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02/
Earthquake Bam, Iran• A Magnitude 6.5
Earthquake hits a stone- and mud-house city of 100,000 in Iran 12-26-03– 30,000 Dead– 30,000 Refugees
• US sends aid and releases sanctions
• Relations improved
Photos from AP
3. Geological HazardsVolcanoes
Landslides
Earthquakes
4. Geology in EngineeringSlope Failure Risk Assessment and Control
To prevent slope failure engineers must understand the geology that forms and controls the slope
Geology in Engineering
Committee member John Burland, an engineer, promoted soil extraction as the best way to save the tower.
In Pisa the tilted one is back in business after an 11-year effort to keep it from collapsing
The Leaning Tower Straightens Up
www.smithsonianmag.si.edu
Engineers use knowledge of geology to design, protect and correct structures
5. Landforms and Surface Processes
• Glaciers• Mass Wasting
• Streams
• Shorelines
• Deserts
• Groundwaterhttp://www.berann.com
H.C. Berann (1915-1999) Yosemite National Park, 1987
Sub DisciplinesAreas of Study Which Rely on Geology
• Environmental Geology– Environmental Sciences: how we influence
the earth – Geologic Hazards: how geology influences us
• Engineering Geology – Geologic Materials– Foundations– Geotechnical engineering
• Geological Resources– Locating and characterizing amounts and quality – Extracting and – Understanding environmental effects of
extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of resources
• Historical Geology– Deciphering Earth History and – Evolution of life
Sub Disciplines (cont.)