Rotifer Symposium VI Rotifer Symposium VI

Developments in Hydrobiology 83

Series editor

H. J. Dumont

Developments in Hydrobiology 83

Series editor

H. J. Dumont

Rotifer Symposium VI

Proceedings of the Sixth International Rotifer Symposium, held in Banyoles, Spain, June 3-8, 1991

Edited by J.J. Gilbert, E. Lubzens & M.R. Miracle

Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, vats 255/256

Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

International Rotifer Symposium (6th : 1991 : Bafiolas, Spain) Rotifer Symposium VI : proceedings of the Sixth International

Rotifer Symposium, held in Banyoles, Spain, June 3-8, 1991 I edited by J.J. Gilbert, E Lubzens & M.R. Miracle.

p. ern. -- (Developments in hydrobiology ; 83) ''Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, vols 255/256." ISBN 978-94-010-4700-5 ISBN 978-94-011-1606-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-1606-0 1.Rotifera--Congresses. I. Gilbert, J.J. II. Lubzens, Esther.

III. Miracle, M.R. IV. Title. V. Title: Rotifer Symposium 6. VI. Title: Rotifer Symposium Six. VII. Series QL391.R8I57 1991 595.1'81--dc20

92-46547

The logo used for this symposium and printed on page iii represents an outline of Lake Banyoles plus the

small Lake Vilar, and the vertical profiles of oxygen and conductivity in meromictic basin Ill together with

rotifer density corresponding to density of stripes. Below a metalimnetic oxygen and rotifer maxima, there

are very few organisms. This is then followed downward by a layer of high rotifer density (in black), just

where conductivity rises and oxygen is depleted. This layer is magnified to show its main occupants.

Printed on acid-free paper

All Rights Reserved

© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any

means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and

retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

v

Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xl

In memoriam: Agnes Ruttner-Koliski (1911-1991) by J. M. Schmid-Araya ........................................................ xv

Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko: a personal retrospect by H. J. Dumont......................... . ............... .. . .... ... ...... ... .. XIX

Professor Dr Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko by C. E. King. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXI

Das Radertierportrait: Walter Koste by R. Laxhuber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. xxiii

PART ONE: BIOCHEMISTRY, ECOTOXICOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY

Biochemical studies on Brachionus plicatilis: hydrolytic enzymes, integument proteins and com­position of trophi

by W. Kleinow ............................................................... 1 Dependence of temperature on loss rates ofrotifers, lipids, and w3 fatty acids in starved Brachionus plicatilis cultures

by Y. Olsen, K. I. Reitan & O. Vadstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Ecotoxicological studies with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. I. Conceptual frame­work and applications

by C. R. Janssen, M. D. Ferrando Rodrigo & G. Persoone .......................... 21 Ecotoxicological studies with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. II. An assessment of the chronic toxicity of lindane and 3,4-dichloraniline using life tables

by M. D. Ferrando, C. R. Janssen, E. Andreu & G. Persoone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Chronic toxicity of methyl parathion to the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus fed on Nannochloris oculata and Chlorella pyrenoidosa

by a. Fernandez-Casalderrey, M. D. Ferrando & E. Andreu-Moliner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Comparative laboratory studies of narcosis in Brachionus plicatilis

by T. Nogrady & T. L. A. Rowe.. . .... . . ............ .. .......................... 51 Polar resin embedding for Macrotrachela quadricornifera

by B. Dore & F. Carnemolla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

PART TWO: AGING, DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOUR

Rotifers in aging research: use of rotifers to test various theories of aging by H. E. Enesco .............................................................. 59

Presence of anisotropic (birefringent) crystalline structures in embryonic and juvenile monogonont rotifers

by R. L. Wallace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Changes in size, biomass and production of Euchlanis dilatata lucksiana Hauer during its lifespan

by J. Ejsmont-Karabin, K. Siewertsen & R. D. Gulati .............................. 77

v

Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Xl

In memoriam: Agnes Ruttner-Koliski (1911-1991) by J. M. Schmid-Araya ........................................................ xv

Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko: a personal retrospect by H. J. Dumont......................... . ............... .. . .... ... ...... ... .. XIX

Professor Dr Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko by C. E. King. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XXI

Das Radertierportrait: Walter Koste by R. Laxhuber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. xxiii

PART ONE: BIOCHEMISTRY, ECOTOXICOLOGY AND HISTOCHEMISTRY

Biochemical studies on Brachionus plicatilis: hydrolytic enzymes, integument proteins and com­position of trophi

by W. Kleinow ............................................................... 1 Dependence of temperature on loss rates ofrotifers, lipids, and w3 fatty acids in starved Brachionus plicatilis cultures

by Y. Olsen, K. I. Reitan & O. Vadstein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Ecotoxicological studies with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. I. Conceptual frame­work and applications

by C. R. Janssen, M. D. Ferrando Rodrigo & G. Persoone .......................... 21 Ecotoxicological studies with the freshwater rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. II. An assessment of the chronic toxicity of lindane and 3,4-dichloraniline using life tables

by M. D. Ferrando, C. R. Janssen, E. Andreu & G. Persoone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Chronic toxicity of methyl parathion to the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus fed on Nannochloris oculata and Chlorella pyrenoidosa

by a. Fernandez-Casalderrey, M. D. Ferrando & E. Andreu-Moliner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Comparative laboratory studies of narcosis in Brachionus plicatilis

by T. Nogrady & T. L. A. Rowe.. . .... . . ............ .. .......................... 51 Polar resin embedding for Macrotrachela quadricornifera

by B. Dore & F. Carnemolla . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

PART TWO: AGING, DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOUR

Rotifers in aging research: use of rotifers to test various theories of aging by H. E. Enesco .............................................................. 59

Presence of anisotropic (birefringent) crystalline structures in embryonic and juvenile monogonont rotifers

by R. L. Wallace. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Changes in size, biomass and production of Euchlanis dilatata lucksiana Hauer during its lifespan

by J. Ejsmont-Karabin, K. Siewertsen & R. D. Gulati .............................. 77

VI

Influence of rapid changes in salinity and temperature on the mobility of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

by G. 0ie & Y. Olsen ......................................................... 81 Influence of the concentration of oxygen on the swimming path of Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera)

by D. Reale, P. Clement & A. Esparcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Foraging behaviour of Brachionus calyciflorus (Pallas): variations in the swimming path in accor­dance to presence or absence of algal food (Chlorella)

by C. Charoy & P. Clement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 How females of the rotifer Asplanchna brightwelli swim in darkness and light: an automated tracking study

by P. Mimouni, A. Luciani & P. Clement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101

PART THREE: REPRODUCTION, POPULATION DYNAMICS AND CULTURE

Sexual communication in copepods and rotifers by T. W. Snell & P. D. Morris .................................................. 109

Mixis strategies and resting egg production of rotifers living in temporally-varying habitats by M. Serra & M. J. Carmona .................................................. 117

A model evaluating the contribution of environmental factors to the production of resting eggs in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

by E. Lubzens, Y. Wax, G. Minkoff & F. Adler ................................... 127 Asexual and sexual reproduction in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis cultured at different salinities

by M. Pozuelo & L. M. Lubian ................................................. 139 Relationships between mixis in Brachionus plicatilis and preconditioning of culture medium by crowding

by M. J. Carmona, M. Serra & M. R. Miracle..... .......... .. .............. .. .... 145 The fecundity patterns of Sand L type rotifers of Brachionus plicatilis

by K. Hirayama & 1. F. M. Rumengan ........................................... 153 Factors influencing the biomass of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in culture

by M. YUfera, E. Pascual & J. Guinea ........................................... 159 Model simulations of continuous rotifer cultures

by N. Walz .................................................................. 165 Rotifer population dynamics in response to increased bacterial biomass and nutrients: a mesocosm experiment

by W. Hofmann & M. G. Hofle ................................................. 171 Culture of rotifers with reference to some physico-chemical properties of water in nursery pond

by M. A. Bin Habib & M. S. Rahman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177 Characterization of the bacterial flora of mass cultivated Brachionus plicatilis

by J. Skjermo & O. Vadstein ................................................... 185

PART FOUR: GENETICS

Rotifer genetics: integration of classic and modern techniques by E. J. Walsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 193

Random genetic drift during cyclical ameiotic parthenogenesis by C. E. King. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 205

VI

Influence of rapid changes in salinity and temperature on the mobility of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

by G. 0ie & Y. Olsen ......................................................... 81 Influence of the concentration of oxygen on the swimming path of Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera)

by D. Reale, P. Clement & A. Esparcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Foraging behaviour of Brachionus calyciflorus (Pallas): variations in the swimming path in accor­dance to presence or absence of algal food (Chlorella)

by C. Charoy & P. Clement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 How females of the rotifer Asplanchna brightwelli swim in darkness and light: an automated tracking study

by P. Mimouni, A. Luciani & P. Clement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 101

PART THREE: REPRODUCTION, POPULATION DYNAMICS AND CULTURE

Sexual communication in copepods and rotifers by T. W. Snell & P. D. Morris .................................................. 109

Mixis strategies and resting egg production of rotifers living in temporally-varying habitats by M. Serra & M. J. Carmona .................................................. 117

A model evaluating the contribution of environmental factors to the production of resting eggs in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

by E. Lubzens, Y. Wax, G. Minkoff & F. Adler ................................... 127 Asexual and sexual reproduction in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis cultured at different salinities

by M. Pozuelo & L. M. Lubian ................................................. 139 Relationships between mixis in Brachionus plicatilis and preconditioning of culture medium by crowding

by M. J. Carmona, M. Serra & M. R. Miracle..... .......... .. .............. .. .... 145 The fecundity patterns of Sand L type rotifers of Brachionus plicatilis

by K. Hirayama & 1. F. M. Rumengan ........................................... 153 Factors influencing the biomass of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis in culture

by M. YUfera, E. Pascual & J. Guinea ........................................... 159 Model simulations of continuous rotifer cultures

by N. Walz .................................................................. 165 Rotifer population dynamics in response to increased bacterial biomass and nutrients: a mesocosm experiment

by W. Hofmann & M. G. Hofle ................................................. 171 Culture of rotifers with reference to some physico-chemical properties of water in nursery pond

by M. A. Bin Habib & M. S. Rahman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177 Characterization of the bacterial flora of mass cultivated Brachionus plicatilis

by J. Skjermo & O. Vadstein ................................................... 185

PART FOUR: GENETICS

Rotifer genetics: integration of classic and modern techniques by E. J. Walsh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 193

Random genetic drift during cyclical ameiotic parthenogenesis by C. E. King. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 205

vii

Chromosomes and isozymes of hypotriploid strains of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis by 1. F. M. Rumengan, Yong Fu, H. Kayano & K. Hirayama ........................ 213

Analysis of rotifer ribosomal gene structure using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by E. J. Walsh & P. L. Starkweather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 219

Oogenesis in Macrotrachela quadricornifera (Rotifera, Bdelloidea). 1. Germanium eutely, karyotype and DNA content

by M. Pagani, C. Ricci & C. A. Redi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 225

PART FIVE: FEEDING, TROPHIC WEBS AND BEHAVIOUR

Rotifers as predators on components of the microbial web (bacteria, heterotrophic flagellates, ciliates) - a review

by H. Arndt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 231 Rotifers as predators on small ciliates

by J. J. Gilbert & J. D. Jack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 247 Clearance rates of bacteria by the rotifer Filinia longiseta (Ehrb.) measured using three tracers

by A. L. Ooms-Wilms, G. Postema & R. D. Gulati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 255 Particle size dependent feeding by the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

by O. Vadstein, G. 0ie & Y. Olsen .............................................. 261 Feeding in Euchlanis dilatata lucksiana Hauer on filamentous cyanobacteria and a prochlorophyte

by R. D. Gulati, J. Ejsmont-Karabin & G. Postema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 269 Feeding responses of Asplanchna brightwelli (Rotifera): laboratory and field studies

by S. S. S. Sarma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 275 Effectiveness of the caudal spine as a defense mechanism in Keratella cochlearis

by J. M. Conde-Porcuna, R. Morales-Baquero & L. Cruz-Pizarro .................... 283 The effect of fish on planktonic rotifers

by 1. V. Telesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 289 Long-term changes in the rotifer fauna after biomanipulation in Haussee (Feldberg, Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) and its relationship to the crustacean and phytoplankton communities

by D. Ronneberger, P. Kasprzak & L. Krienitz .................................... 297

PART SIX: AUTOECOLOGY, INTERACTIONS AND BDELLOID ECOLOGY

The ecology of Synchaeta kitina Rousselet in Loch Leven, Scotland by L. May, A. E. Bailey-Watts & A. Kirika ....................................... 305

Reproductive investment of several rotifer species by M. D. Galindo, C. Guisande & J. Toja ........................................ 317

Effect of the epizoic rotifer Brachionus rubens on the population growth of three cladoceran species by N. Iyer & T. R. Rao ........................................................ 325

On choice of substrate and habitat bdelloid rotifers by B. Pejler & B. BerziI{s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 333

A quantitative method to extract moss-dwelling rotifers by U. Peters, W. Koste & W. Westheide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 339

Bdelloid rotifers in aerophytic mosses: influence of habitat structure and habitat age on species composition

by A. Hirschfelder, W. Koste & H. Zucchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 343

vii

Chromosomes and isozymes of hypotriploid strains of the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis by 1. F. M. Rumengan, Yong Fu, H. Kayano & K. Hirayama ........................ 213

Analysis of rotifer ribosomal gene structure using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) by E. J. Walsh & P. L. Starkweather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 219

Oogenesis in Macrotrachela quadricornifera (Rotifera, Bdelloidea). 1. Germanium eutely, karyotype and DNA content

by M. Pagani, C. Ricci & C. A. Redi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 225

PART FIVE: FEEDING, TROPHIC WEBS AND BEHAVIOUR

Rotifers as predators on components of the microbial web (bacteria, heterotrophic flagellates, ciliates) - a review

by H. Arndt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 231 Rotifers as predators on small ciliates

by J. J. Gilbert & J. D. Jack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 247 Clearance rates of bacteria by the rotifer Filinia longiseta (Ehrb.) measured using three tracers

by A. L. Ooms-Wilms, G. Postema & R. D. Gulati . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 255 Particle size dependent feeding by the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis

by O. Vadstein, G. 0ie & Y. Olsen .............................................. 261 Feeding in Euchlanis dilatata lucksiana Hauer on filamentous cyanobacteria and a prochlorophyte

by R. D. Gulati, J. Ejsmont-Karabin & G. Postema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 269 Feeding responses of Asplanchna brightwelli (Rotifera): laboratory and field studies

by S. S. S. Sarma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 275 Effectiveness of the caudal spine as a defense mechanism in Keratella cochlearis

by J. M. Conde-Porcuna, R. Morales-Baquero & L. Cruz-Pizarro .................... 283 The effect of fish on planktonic rotifers

by 1. V. Telesh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 289 Long-term changes in the rotifer fauna after biomanipulation in Haussee (Feldberg, Germany, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) and its relationship to the crustacean and phytoplankton communities

by D. Ronneberger, P. Kasprzak & L. Krienitz .................................... 297

PART SIX: AUTOECOLOGY, INTERACTIONS AND BDELLOID ECOLOGY

The ecology of Synchaeta kitina Rousselet in Loch Leven, Scotland by L. May, A. E. Bailey-Watts & A. Kirika ....................................... 305

Reproductive investment of several rotifer species by M. D. Galindo, C. Guisande & J. Toja ........................................ 317

Effect of the epizoic rotifer Brachionus rubens on the population growth of three cladoceran species by N. Iyer & T. R. Rao ........................................................ 325

On choice of substrate and habitat bdelloid rotifers by B. Pejler & B. BerziI{s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 333

A quantitative method to extract moss-dwelling rotifers by U. Peters, W. Koste & W. Westheide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 339

Bdelloid rotifers in aerophytic mosses: influence of habitat structure and habitat age on species composition

by A. Hirschfelder, W. Koste & H. Zucchi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 343

Vlll

PART SEVEN: COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

Diversity and dominance in planktonic rotifers by J. Green .................................................................. 345

Abundance, succession and morphological variation of planktonic rotifers during autumnal cir­culation in a hypertrophic lake (Heiligensee, Berlin)

by G. Fussmann ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 353 Responses og billabong rotifer communities to inundation

by L.-W. Tan & R. J. Shiel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 361 Rotifer vertical distributions in a meromictic basin of Lake Banyoles (Spain)

by M. R. Miracle & M. T. Alfonso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 371 Vertical distribution of planktonic rotifers in a karstic meromictic lake

by J. Armengol-Diaz, A. Esparcia, E. Vicente & M. R. Miracle ...................... 381 The rotifers of Lake Peipus

by T. Virro & J. Haberman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 389 Rotifer communities from some Araucanian lakes of southern Chile

by J. M. Schmid-Araya ........................................................ 397 The use of rotifer communities to provide a preliminary national classification of small water bodies in England

by R. M. Pontin & J. M. Langley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 411 Rotifer assemblages: a contribution to the typology of Spanish reservoirs

by J. De Manuel & J. Armengol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 421 Rotifers in ephemeral ponds of Dofiana National Park

by N. Mazuelos, J. Toja & C. Guisande . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 429 Distribution of rotifers in a Floridian saltwater beach, with a note on rotifer dispersal

by P. N. Turner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 435

PART EIGHT: TAXONOMY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY

Taxonomic problems with the species Keratella hiemalis by A. Ruttner-Kolisko ......................................................... 441

Cephalodella edax sp. nov. A rotifer parasitic in the motile colonial alga Uroglena volvox Ehrenberg by E. D. Hollowday ........................................................... 445

Rotifers of the genus Proales from saline springs in the Namib desert, with the description of a new speCIes

by C. K. Brain & W. Koste .................................................... 449 Trans-Tasman variation in Australasian Filinia populations

by R. J. Shiel & L. Sanoamuang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 455 Contribution to the rotifer fauna of subarctic Greenland (Kangerlussuaq and Ammassalik area)

by W. H. De Smet, E. A. Van Rompu & L. Beyens ................................ 463 Contribution to the knowledge of the Rotifera of Mexico

by R. Rico-Martinez & M. Silva-Briano .......................................... 467 Zoogeography of Pacific Ocean islands: a comparison of the rotifer faunas of Easter Island and the Galapagos archipelago

by H. Segers & H. J. Dumont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 475 New records of rotifers from the South Island lakes, New Zealand

by L. Sanoamuang & V. M. Stout ............................................... 481

Vlll

PART SEVEN: COMMUNITY ECOLOGY

Diversity and dominance in planktonic rotifers by J. Green .................................................................. 345

Abundance, succession and morphological variation of planktonic rotifers during autumnal cir­culation in a hypertrophic lake (Heiligensee, Berlin)

by G. Fussmann ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 353 Responses og billabong rotifer communities to inundation

by L.-W. Tan & R. J. Shiel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 361 Rotifer vertical distributions in a meromictic basin of Lake Banyoles (Spain)

by M. R. Miracle & M. T. Alfonso. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 371 Vertical distribution of planktonic rotifers in a karstic meromictic lake

by J. Armengol-Diaz, A. Esparcia, E. Vicente & M. R. Miracle ...................... 381 The rotifers of Lake Peipus

by T. Virro & J. Haberman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 389 Rotifer communities from some Araucanian lakes of southern Chile

by J. M. Schmid-Araya ........................................................ 397 The use of rotifer communities to provide a preliminary national classification of small water bodies in England

by R. M. Pontin & J. M. Langley. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 411 Rotifer assemblages: a contribution to the typology of Spanish reservoirs

by J. De Manuel & J. Armengol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 421 Rotifers in ephemeral ponds of Dofiana National Park

by N. Mazuelos, J. Toja & C. Guisande . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 429 Distribution of rotifers in a Floridian saltwater beach, with a note on rotifer dispersal

by P. N. Turner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 435

PART EIGHT: TAXONOMY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY

Taxonomic problems with the species Keratella hiemalis by A. Ruttner-Kolisko ......................................................... 441

Cephalodella edax sp. nov. A rotifer parasitic in the motile colonial alga Uroglena volvox Ehrenberg by E. D. Hollowday ........................................................... 445

Rotifers of the genus Proales from saline springs in the Namib desert, with the description of a new speCIes

by C. K. Brain & W. Koste .................................................... 449 Trans-Tasman variation in Australasian Filinia populations

by R. J. Shiel & L. Sanoamuang. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 455 Contribution to the rotifer fauna of subarctic Greenland (Kangerlussuaq and Ammassalik area)

by W. H. De Smet, E. A. Van Rompu & L. Beyens ................................ 463 Contribution to the knowledge of the Rotifera of Mexico

by R. Rico-Martinez & M. Silva-Briano .......................................... 467 Zoogeography of Pacific Ocean islands: a comparison of the rotifer faunas of Easter Island and the Galapagos archipelago

by H. Segers & H. J. Dumont. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 475 New records of rotifers from the South Island lakes, New Zealand

by L. Sanoamuang & V. M. Stout ............................................... 481

IX

PART NINE: PHYLOGENY

Phylogeny of the phylum Rotifera: a workshop by R. L. Wallace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 491

Old and new data on Seisonidea (Rotifera) by C. Ricci, G. Melone & c. Sotgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 495

SEM observations on Seison and phylogenetic relationships of the Seisonidea (Rotifera) by G. I. Markevich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 513

Phylogenetic relationships of Rotifera to other vermiform taxa by G. I. Markevich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 521

The phylogeny of rotifers: molecular, ultrastructural and behavioural data by P. Clement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 527

Principal directions of the evolution of Monimotrochida by L. A. Kutikova & G. I. Markevich ............................................ 545

Hierarchal gene trees and molecular phylogeny of the Rotifera: use of the Polymerase Chain Re­action (PCR) to dissect ecological and evolutionary patterns

by P. Starkweather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 551

PART TEN: HISTORY OF ROTIFER RESEARCH

A short history of western European rotifer research by W. Koste & E. D. Hollowday ................................................ 557

IX

PART NINE: PHYLOGENY

Phylogeny of the phylum Rotifera: a workshop by R. L. Wallace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 491

Old and new data on Seisonidea (Rotifera) by C. Ricci, G. Melone & c. Sotgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 495

SEM observations on Seison and phylogenetic relationships of the Seisonidea (Rotifera) by G. I. Markevich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 513

Phylogenetic relationships of Rotifera to other vermiform taxa by G. I. Markevich . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 521

The phylogeny of rotifers: molecular, ultrastructural and behavioural data by P. Clement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 527

Principal directions of the evolution of Monimotrochida by L. A. Kutikova & G. I. Markevich ............................................ 545

Hierarchal gene trees and molecular phylogeny of the Rotifera: use of the Polymerase Chain Re­action (PCR) to dissect ecological and evolutionary patterns

by P. Starkweather. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 551

PART TEN: HISTORY OF ROTIFER RESEARCH

A short history of western European rotifer research by W. Koste & E. D. Hollowday ................................................ 557

Hydrobiologica 255/256: xi, 1993. J. J. Gilbert, E. Lubzens & M. R. Miracle (eds), Rotifer Symposium VI. Xl

Preface

The Sixth International Rotifer Symposium was held in the Catalonian town of Banyoles (NE Spain), at the shore of the karstic lake of the same name. It took place during 2-8 June 1991 and it was attended by lO7 participants from 25 countries of all continents.

During the Symposium we celebrated the 80th birthday of two eminent rotiferologists: Dr Agnes Ruttner­Kolisko and Dr Walter Koste. A few months later, on November 22, 1991, Dr Ruttner-Kolisko passed away, while on holiday in Kenya. She organised and hosted the First International Rotifer Symposium at the Lunz Station in Austria in September 1976 and thus initiated the tradition of meeting every three years. Fourteen of the participants of this first meeting (44 % of the total attendance at Lunz) were present agein 15 years later in Banyoles. The tradition continues with the next symposium already planned for 1994. Her last contribu­tion is included in the present volumes. Agnes was a much loved and respected student of rotifers and par­ticipated actively in all symposia. Her presence greatly enlivened the discussions and social events and it will be missed in future meetings.

As in previous symposia, some current research topics were selected from review and 8 invited papers were presented. For the first time a paper covering historical aspects of Rotiferology was included. This paper was on European research during 1680-1950 and it is expected to be followed, in subsequent symposia, by his­torical reviews concerning other geographical areas. A special workshop session was devoted to debate a controversial topic: Rotifer Phylogeny. This workshop, which included 5 invited papers, took a great inter­disciplinary and international effort. It resulted in successful discussions and an integration of scattered ev­idences and hypothesis on the phylogenetic origen of rotifers, the relationships between major rotifer groups and the mechanisms of evolution. We think that these papers will be a useful reference for future issues on these matters. Participants also presented 50 oral communications and 27 posters.

Thanks to the courtesy of Kluwer Academic Publishers and H. J. Dumont, it has been possible to pub­lish the conference proceedings in Hydrobiologia and as a volume of Developments in Hydrobiology, as with the other rotifer symposia since the second one. Each manuscript was critically reviewed by the editors and usually by an additional well qualified peer, before being accepted for publication. The editors are indebted to all these anonymous referees and especially to R. L. Wallace for reviewing and editing the manuscripts from the Phylogeny Workshop.

The Symposium was organised by M. R. Miracle with the assistance of E. Vicente and J. M. Soria, under the auspices of the University of Valencia, but it was held in the small town of Banyoles to have the isola­tion necessary for extensive participant interaction. This locality was chosen because it is a main site of limnological research and rotifer community studies. Our lodging and conference centre were in a former Benedictine monastery. The naturalistic interest of the area was appreciated during the mid-congress excur­sion when we visited Banyoles Lake and surrounding dissolution lakes (Siso, Vilar), sulphide springs and astatic waters with Triops. Participants also visited the medieval town of Besalu during that excursion and could watch Catalonian folk dances during Thursday evening, while celebrating the 80th birthday of Drs Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko and Walter Koste. The Symposium ended with a farewell party, hospitality of the Banyoles City Hall. Finally the post-symposium excursion was devoted to a visit of Gerona, the Monastery of Sant Pere de Rodes and the Emporda Coastal Wetlands Natural Park.

We wish to thank Carlos Abella for his invaluable help from the City Hall of Banyoles (e.g. providing poster frames, mid-Congress excursion transport and boat ride, and reception). We are also grateful to Jesus Garcia-Gil and Xavier Quintana, our excursion guides. Grants-in-aid were obtained from the DGICYT (Ministry of Science and Education), the University of Valencia (Vice-rectorates of "Investigacion" and "Extension Universitaria") and the "Conselleria de Cultura, Educacion y Ciencia" of Valencia.

THE EDITORS

Hydrobiologica 255/256: xi, 1993. J. J. Gilbert, E. Lubzens & M. R. Miracle (eds), Rotifer Symposium VI. Xl

Preface

The Sixth International Rotifer Symposium was held in the Catalonian town of Banyoles (NE Spain), at the shore of the karstic lake of the same name. It took place during 2-8 June 1991 and it was attended by lO7 participants from 25 countries of all continents.

During the Symposium we celebrated the 80th birthday of two eminent rotiferologists: Dr Agnes Ruttner­Kolisko and Dr Walter Koste. A few months later, on November 22, 1991, Dr Ruttner-Kolisko passed away, while on holiday in Kenya. She organised and hosted the First International Rotifer Symposium at the Lunz Station in Austria in September 1976 and thus initiated the tradition of meeting every three years. Fourteen of the participants of this first meeting (44 % of the total attendance at Lunz) were present agein 15 years later in Banyoles. The tradition continues with the next symposium already planned for 1994. Her last contribu­tion is included in the present volumes. Agnes was a much loved and respected student of rotifers and par­ticipated actively in all symposia. Her presence greatly enlivened the discussions and social events and it will be missed in future meetings.

As in previous symposia, some current research topics were selected from review and 8 invited papers were presented. For the first time a paper covering historical aspects of Rotiferology was included. This paper was on European research during 1680-1950 and it is expected to be followed, in subsequent symposia, by his­torical reviews concerning other geographical areas. A special workshop session was devoted to debate a controversial topic: Rotifer Phylogeny. This workshop, which included 5 invited papers, took a great inter­disciplinary and international effort. It resulted in successful discussions and an integration of scattered ev­idences and hypothesis on the phylogenetic origen of rotifers, the relationships between major rotifer groups and the mechanisms of evolution. We think that these papers will be a useful reference for future issues on these matters. Participants also presented 50 oral communications and 27 posters.

Thanks to the courtesy of Kluwer Academic Publishers and H. J. Dumont, it has been possible to pub­lish the conference proceedings in Hydrobiologia and as a volume of Developments in Hydrobiology, as with the other rotifer symposia since the second one. Each manuscript was critically reviewed by the editors and usually by an additional well qualified peer, before being accepted for publication. The editors are indebted to all these anonymous referees and especially to R. L. Wallace for reviewing and editing the manuscripts from the Phylogeny Workshop.

The Symposium was organised by M. R. Miracle with the assistance of E. Vicente and J. M. Soria, under the auspices of the University of Valencia, but it was held in the small town of Banyoles to have the isola­tion necessary for extensive participant interaction. This locality was chosen because it is a main site of limnological research and rotifer community studies. Our lodging and conference centre were in a former Benedictine monastery. The naturalistic interest of the area was appreciated during the mid-congress excur­sion when we visited Banyoles Lake and surrounding dissolution lakes (Siso, Vilar), sulphide springs and astatic waters with Triops. Participants also visited the medieval town of Besalu during that excursion and could watch Catalonian folk dances during Thursday evening, while celebrating the 80th birthday of Drs Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko and Walter Koste. The Symposium ended with a farewell party, hospitality of the Banyoles City Hall. Finally the post-symposium excursion was devoted to a visit of Gerona, the Monastery of Sant Pere de Rodes and the Emporda Coastal Wetlands Natural Park.

We wish to thank Carlos Abella for his invaluable help from the City Hall of Banyoles (e.g. providing poster frames, mid-Congress excursion transport and boat ride, and reception). We are also grateful to Jesus Garcia-Gil and Xavier Quintana, our excursion guides. Grants-in-aid were obtained from the DGICYT (Ministry of Science and Education), the University of Valencia (Vice-rectorates of "Investigacion" and "Extension Universitaria") and the "Conselleria de Cultura, Educacion y Ciencia" of Valencia.

THE EDITORS

Plate 2 Top: H. Dumont, 1. May, E. Walsh, P. Clement, Y. Olsen, J. Skjermo, and O. Vadstein; O. Vadstein, G. Melone, F. Carnemolla, M. Pagani and M. J. Carmona; N. Enesco, A. Wilms and N. Walz; G. Fussman, J. Green, S. Misetic, A. Hirschfelder, R. Morales, R. Rico, C. Charoy, 1. Sanoamuang, G. 0ie, R. Chengalath, J. Skjermo, J. M. Schmid-Araya and J. Garcia-Gil. Second row: T. Virro; C. Sotgia; M. R. Miracle, E. D. Hollowday, W. Kleinow, A. B. Habib and P. Clement; P. Turner; 1. Rumengan and R. Oltra. Bottom: R. Ricco and M. Silva-Briado; T. Snell, E. Lubzens, R. Pontin, 1. May, J. Pontin, D. Ronneberger and 1. Ejsmont-Karabin.

~ Plate 1 Top: A. Ruttner-Kolisko and W. Koste; C. Ricci, R. 1. Wallace, J. Green, Mrs. M. Green, R. Gulati, T. Nogrady, 1. May, C. E. King, T. W. Snell, H. Dumont & R. Shiel. Second row: M. R. Miracle, E. Hollowday, B. Pejler and C. Ricci; E. Vicente; T. R. Rao and R. Chengalath. Third row: E. Hollowday, G. I. Markevich, J. Armengol-Diaz, J. M. Schmid-Araya, M. Silva-Briado, M. Serra, P. Starkweather, 1. Sanoamuang and V. van Meerhaeghe; 1. Cruz and R. Margalef; J. J. Gilbert; P. E. Schmid, C. K. Brain, H. Segers, H. Dumont, T. Snell, C. Ricci, P. Clement, C. Sotgia, P. 1. Starkweather, N. Enesco and H. Enesco. Bottom: C. K. Brain and R. Shiel; K. O. Rothhuapt, H. Arndt, C. Leutbecher, W. Koste, G. Fussman, U. Peters, A. Hirshfelder, D. Ronneberger, P. Mimouni, C. Charoy, C. Guisande, H. Segers and B. Pejler; J. Toja, C. E. King, M. Silva-Briado, S. S. S. Sarma, N. Mazuelos, Mrs. Mazuelos, G. I. Markevich, I. Rumengan, I. Telesh, R. Zurek and K. Hirayama.

Plate 2 Top: H. Dumont, 1. May, E. Walsh, P. Clement, Y. Olsen, J. Skjermo, and O. Vadstein; O. Vadstein, G. Melone, F. Carnemolla, M. Pagani and M. J. Carmona; N. Enesco, A. Wilms and N. Walz; G. Fussman, J. Green, S. Misetic, A. Hirschfelder, R. Morales, R. Rico, C. Charoy, 1. Sanoamuang, G. 0ie, R. Chengalath, J. Skjermo, J. M. Schmid-Araya and J. Garcia-Gil. Second row: T. Virro; C. Sotgia; M. R. Miracle, E. D. Hollowday, W. Kleinow, A. B. Habib and P. Clement; P. Turner; 1. Rumengan and R. Oltra. Bottom: R. Ricco and M. Silva-Briado; T. Snell, E. Lubzens, R. Pontin, 1. May, J. Pontin, D. Ronneberger and 1. Ejsmont-Karabin.

~ Plate 1 Top: A. Ruttner-Kolisko and W. Koste; C. Ricci, R. 1. Wallace, J. Green, Mrs. M. Green, R. Gulati, T. Nogrady, 1. May, C. E. King, T. W. Snell, H. Dumont & R. Shiel. Second row: M. R. Miracle, E. Hollowday, B. Pejler and C. Ricci; E. Vicente; T. R. Rao and R. Chengalath. Third row: E. Hollowday, G. I. Markevich, J. Armengol-Diaz, J. M. Schmid-Araya, M. Silva-Briado, M. Serra, P. Starkweather, 1. Sanoamuang and V. van Meerhaeghe; 1. Cruz and R. Margalef; J. J. Gilbert; P. E. Schmid, C. K. Brain, H. Segers, H. Dumont, T. Snell, C. Ricci, P. Clement, C. Sotgia, P. 1. Starkweather, N. Enesco and H. Enesco. Bottom: C. K. Brain and R. Shiel; K. O. Rothhuapt, H. Arndt, C. Leutbecher, W. Koste, G. Fussman, U. Peters, A. Hirshfelder, D. Ronneberger, P. Mimouni, C. Charoy, C. Guisande, H. Segers and B. Pejler; J. Toja, C. E. King, M. Silva-Briado, S. S. S. Sarma, N. Mazuelos, Mrs. Mazuelos, G. I. Markevich, I. Rumengan, I. Telesh, R. Zurek and K. Hirayama.

Hydrobiologia 255/256: xv-xviii, 1993. J. J. Gilbert, E. Lubzens & M. R. Miracle (eds), Rotifer Symposium VI. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

xv

In memoriam

Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko (1911-1991)

On November 22nd 1991, Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko died unexpectedly while on a holiday in Kenya, after a lifetime devoted to limnology, and partic­ulary to rotifers.

She was born in Gmunden, Upper Austria on July 14th, 1911. Her father was a well-known lawyer and her mother belonged to a distinguished Viennese family. She attended primary and sec­ondary school in Gmunden, and in 1929 she passed the Austrian final examination ('Matura') to be eligible for further studies at the University.

At Vienna University, Agnes Kolisko studied Natural History and Zoology, and she had the opportunity to take two summer courses on Lim­nology (Gewasserkunde) at the Biological Sta­tion of Lunz, where she was exposed to the teach­ings of Prof. Dr F. Ruttner, V. Brehm and O. Storch. That was the time when it became clear to her that she wanted to continue observ­ing and studying freshwater organisms in their natural biotopes. In 1936, she finished her doc­toral thesis, entitled: 'Beitrage zur Erforschung der Lebensgeschichte der Radertiere auf Grund von Individualzuchten', under the supervision of Prof. Dr W. Marinelli. Because at that time pur­suing a scientific career for a woman was a nearly impossible ambition, she took a further examina­tion leading to a position of Biology Teacher by the end of her studies in Biology in 1937.

During World War II, and until 1945, she was a scientific assistant at the Biological Station at Lunz, led in those days by the famous limnologist Prof. Dr F. Ruttner. During that period of time, she met Dr W. A. Ruttner, geologist, and son of Prof. Ruttner. She married him in 1938. After her marriage, her life was shared between her profes­sion and the education of five children, but with some outside help she managed to continue her research in various fields of limnology.

After the war, she was employed by the Vienna Water Authority for some years. Later, she be­came docent at the University of Vienna, but she

returned again, as a research assistant, to the Lunz Biological Station. Between the 1950's and 1960's she was awarded the Ohio-State Fellow­ship of the International Association of Univer­sity Women to study the interstitial fauna of sand biotopes in Lake Erken (Sweden) and Tornetrask in Swedish Lapland (1952/53). This research led to interesting and new contributions on the ecol­ogy of the freshwater psammon (see publications list). In line with her interest in this area, she described two new species: Rheomorpha neiswest­novae (Oligochaeta), and Marinellina fiagellata (Gastrotricha).

In the course of 1963/64, she was awarded the Winifred Cullis Grant by the International Asso­ciation ofU niversity Women, to investigate spring and pools in the east Persian Salt Desert. In 1969, a British Council Fellowship was given to her to study the population dynamics of rotifers in the lakes of the English Lake District.

From 1972 to 1976, she was appointed head of the Biological Station at Lunz. After her retire­ment, she became involved in environmental issues as a collaborator of the 'Forum osterre­ichischer Wissenschaftler fUr Umwelt-Schulz', and as an adviser to the Green Party of Lower Austria.

Professor Dr Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko made fundamental contributions of lasting value in the field of the study of rotifers. Her special interest was in rotifer life histories, to which she dedicated many years. She was particularly successful in maintaining cultures for numerous generations in laboratory conditions. She was also active as a taxonomist, and described new species such as Notholca lapponica and Synchaeta calva. One of her prominent contributions was the book 'Ro­tatoria' (1972), translated into English as 'Plank­ton rotifers, Biology and Taxonomy' (1974), which permitted many of us to be touched by her teachings, and motivated a number of young sci­entists to engage in research on this particular

Hydrobiologia 255/256: xv-xviii, 1993. J. J. Gilbert, E. Lubzens & M. R. Miracle (eds), Rotifer Symposium VI. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

xv

In memoriam

Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko (1911-1991)

On November 22nd 1991, Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko died unexpectedly while on a holiday in Kenya, after a lifetime devoted to limnology, and partic­ulary to rotifers.

She was born in Gmunden, Upper Austria on July 14th, 1911. Her father was a well-known lawyer and her mother belonged to a distinguished Viennese family. She attended primary and sec­ondary school in Gmunden, and in 1929 she passed the Austrian final examination ('Matura') to be eligible for further studies at the University.

At Vienna University, Agnes Kolisko studied Natural History and Zoology, and she had the opportunity to take two summer courses on Lim­nology (Gewasserkunde) at the Biological Sta­tion of Lunz, where she was exposed to the teach­ings of Prof. Dr F. Ruttner, V. Brehm and O. Storch. That was the time when it became clear to her that she wanted to continue observ­ing and studying freshwater organisms in their natural biotopes. In 1936, she finished her doc­toral thesis, entitled: 'Beitrage zur Erforschung der Lebensgeschichte der Radertiere auf Grund von Individualzuchten', under the supervision of Prof. Dr W. Marinelli. Because at that time pur­suing a scientific career for a woman was a nearly impossible ambition, she took a further examina­tion leading to a position of Biology Teacher by the end of her studies in Biology in 1937.

During World War II, and until 1945, she was a scientific assistant at the Biological Station at Lunz, led in those days by the famous limnologist Prof. Dr F. Ruttner. During that period of time, she met Dr W. A. Ruttner, geologist, and son of Prof. Ruttner. She married him in 1938. After her marriage, her life was shared between her profes­sion and the education of five children, but with some outside help she managed to continue her research in various fields of limnology.

After the war, she was employed by the Vienna Water Authority for some years. Later, she be­came docent at the University of Vienna, but she

returned again, as a research assistant, to the Lunz Biological Station. Between the 1950's and 1960's she was awarded the Ohio-State Fellow­ship of the International Association of Univer­sity Women to study the interstitial fauna of sand biotopes in Lake Erken (Sweden) and Tornetrask in Swedish Lapland (1952/53). This research led to interesting and new contributions on the ecol­ogy of the freshwater psammon (see publications list). In line with her interest in this area, she described two new species: Rheomorpha neiswest­novae (Oligochaeta), and Marinellina fiagellata (Gastrotricha).

In the course of 1963/64, she was awarded the Winifred Cullis Grant by the International Asso­ciation ofU niversity Women, to investigate spring and pools in the east Persian Salt Desert. In 1969, a British Council Fellowship was given to her to study the population dynamics of rotifers in the lakes of the English Lake District.

From 1972 to 1976, she was appointed head of the Biological Station at Lunz. After her retire­ment, she became involved in environmental issues as a collaborator of the 'Forum osterre­ichischer Wissenschaftler fUr Umwelt-Schulz', and as an adviser to the Green Party of Lower Austria.

Professor Dr Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko made fundamental contributions of lasting value in the field of the study of rotifers. Her special interest was in rotifer life histories, to which she dedicated many years. She was particularly successful in maintaining cultures for numerous generations in laboratory conditions. She was also active as a taxonomist, and described new species such as Notholca lapponica and Synchaeta calva. One of her prominent contributions was the book 'Ro­tatoria' (1972), translated into English as 'Plank­ton rotifers, Biology and Taxonomy' (1974), which permitted many of us to be touched by her teachings, and motivated a number of young sci­entists to engage in research on this particular

xvi

group of animals. Her extensive reference list re­veals her dedication to science, but at the same time many of us will agree that the stood as an example of openness and serenity in her scientific thinking.

JENNY M. SCHMID-ARAYA

Biologische Station Lunz A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria

List of publications

Kolisko, A., 1938a. Beitrage zur Erforschung der Lebensge­schichte der Radertiere auf Grund von Individualzuchten. Arch. Hydrbiol. 33: 165-207.

Kolisko, A., 1938b. Uber die Nahrungsaufnahme bei Anapus testudo (Chromagaster testudo Lauterb.). Arch. Hydrobiol. 37: 296-305.

Kolisko, A., 1939. Uber Conochilus unicornis und seine Kol­oniebildung. Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol. 39: 78-98.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1943. Das Verhalten niederer SaB­wasserkrebse im elektrischen Felde. Int. Revue ges. Hy­drobiol. 43: 82-97.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1946. Uber das Auftreten unbefruchteter 'Dauereier' bei Anuraea aculeata (Keratella quadrata). Os­terr. Zool. Z. 1: 179-191.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1949. Zum Formwechsel- und Artprob­lem von Anuraea aculeata (Keratella quadrata). Hydrobio­logia 4: 425-468.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1950. Uber Starkekorner in Wiener Hochquellenwasser. Mitt. Versuchsanstalt Garungsgew­erbe, Sonder-Nr.: 45-47.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1953a. Ein neuer Fund von Folliculina boltoni Kent. Osterr. Zool. Z. 4: 168-182.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1953b. Beauchampia (Cephalosiphon) crucigera, ein von langer Zeit entdecktes, aber wenig be­kanntes Radertier. Mikrokosmos 43: 16-19.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1953c. Psammonstudien 1. Das Psam­

mon des Tornetrask in Schwedisch-Lappland. Sitzungs­ber. Osterr. Akad. Wiss. Mathern. naturw. Kl. Abt. I, 162: 129-161.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1954. Psammonstudien II. Das Psam­mon des Erken in Mittelschweden. Sitzungsber. Osterr. Akad. Wiss. Mathern. naturw. Kl. Abt. I 163: 301-324.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1955a. Quantitative limnologische Meth­oden im Dienste der Trinkwasseruntersuchung. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 12: 699-705.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1955b. Auswirkung des Wetters auf die Lebensbedingungen im feuchten Sand. Wetter Jl. Leben 1-2, 16-22.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1955c. Die Tier- und Pflanzengesell­schaften gewerblicher und hauslicher Abwasser. Mitt. Os­terr. S anitatsverwaltung 10: 1-3.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1955d. Rheomorpha neiswestnovae und Marinellina flagellata, zwei phylogenetisch interessante

Wurmtypen aus dem SaJ3wasserpsammon. Osterr. Zool. Z. 6: 55-69.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1956a. Psammonstudien III. Das Psam­mon des Lago Maggiore in Oberitalien. Mem. 1st. Ital. idrobiol. 9: 365-402.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1956. Der Lebensraum des Limnopsam­mals. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. 1956: 421-427.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. & F. Ruttner, 1959. Der Neusiedlersee. In H. Loffier (ed), Das Seewinkelgebiet, pp: 4-15.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1959. Uber die Populationen der Pol­yarthra dolichoptera Idelson (Rotatoria) in den Kapruner Stauseen. Anz. osterr. Akad. Wiss. 59(1): 1-6.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1961a. Biotop und Biozonose des Sandufers einiger osterreichischer Flasse. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 14: 362-368.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1961b. Franz Sauberer. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 14: 1149-1150.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1962. Porenraum und Kapillare Wass­erstromung im Limnopsammal, ein Beispiel far die Bedeu­tung verlangsamter Strommung. Schweiz Z. Hydrobiol. 24: 444-458.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1963. The interrelationships of the rota­toria. In Dougherty E. C. (ed.), The Lower Metazoa. Uni­versity of California Press; 263-272.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1964a. Kleingewasser am Ostrand der persischen Salzwiiste. Ein Beitrag zur Limnologie arider Gebiete. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 15: 201-208.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1964b. Uber die labile Periode im Fort­pflanzungszyklus der Radertiere. Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol. 49: 473-482.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1966a. Notholca lapponica, nov. spec., eine psammophile Rotatorienart aus Nord-Skandinavien. Anz. Osterr. Akad. Wiss. 9: 1-4.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1966b. The influence of climatic and edaphic factors on small astatic waters in the East Persian salt desert. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 16: 524-531.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1968. Genetische Untersuchungen zur Fortplanzunsbiologie der Rotatoria. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. 1968: 205-210.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1969. Kreuzungsexperimente zwischen Brachionus urceolaris und Brachionus quadridentatus, ein Be­itrag zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie der heterogonen Rotato­ria. Arch. Hydrobiol. 65: 397-412.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1970. Synchaeta calva nov. spec., a new rotifer from the English Lake District. Int. Rev. ges. Hy­drobiol. 55: 387-390.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1970b. Bisher unbekannter Erbmecha­nismus bei Radertieren? Umschau 10: 313-314.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1971a. Rotatorien als Indikatoren far den Chemismus von Binnensalzgewassern. Sitz-Ber. Os­terr. Akad. Wiss. Math. nat. Kl., Abt. I, 179: 283-298.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1971b. Interstitial fauna. In W. T. Ed­mondson & G. G. Winberg, (eds), A Manual on Methods for Assessment of Secondary Productivity in Fresh Waters. IBP Handbook 17, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Ox­ford: 122-124.

xvi

group of animals. Her extensive reference list re­veals her dedication to science, but at the same time many of us will agree that the stood as an example of openness and serenity in her scientific thinking.

JENNY M. SCHMID-ARAYA

Biologische Station Lunz A-3293 Lunz am See, Austria

List of publications

Kolisko, A., 1938a. Beitrage zur Erforschung der Lebensge­schichte der Radertiere auf Grund von Individualzuchten. Arch. Hydrbiol. 33: 165-207.

Kolisko, A., 1938b. Uber die Nahrungsaufnahme bei Anapus testudo (Chromagaster testudo Lauterb.). Arch. Hydrobiol. 37: 296-305.

Kolisko, A., 1939. Uber Conochilus unicornis und seine Kol­oniebildung. Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol. 39: 78-98.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1943. Das Verhalten niederer SaB­wasserkrebse im elektrischen Felde. Int. Revue ges. Hy­drobiol. 43: 82-97.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1946. Uber das Auftreten unbefruchteter 'Dauereier' bei Anuraea aculeata (Keratella quadrata). Os­terr. Zool. Z. 1: 179-191.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1949. Zum Formwechsel- und Artprob­lem von Anuraea aculeata (Keratella quadrata). Hydrobio­logia 4: 425-468.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1950. Uber Starkekorner in Wiener Hochquellenwasser. Mitt. Versuchsanstalt Garungsgew­erbe, Sonder-Nr.: 45-47.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1953a. Ein neuer Fund von Folliculina boltoni Kent. Osterr. Zool. Z. 4: 168-182.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1953b. Beauchampia (Cephalosiphon) crucigera, ein von langer Zeit entdecktes, aber wenig be­kanntes Radertier. Mikrokosmos 43: 16-19.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1953c. Psammonstudien 1. Das Psam­

mon des Tornetrask in Schwedisch-Lappland. Sitzungs­ber. Osterr. Akad. Wiss. Mathern. naturw. Kl. Abt. I, 162: 129-161.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1954. Psammonstudien II. Das Psam­mon des Erken in Mittelschweden. Sitzungsber. Osterr. Akad. Wiss. Mathern. naturw. Kl. Abt. I 163: 301-324.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1955a. Quantitative limnologische Meth­oden im Dienste der Trinkwasseruntersuchung. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 12: 699-705.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1955b. Auswirkung des Wetters auf die Lebensbedingungen im feuchten Sand. Wetter Jl. Leben 1-2, 16-22.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1955c. Die Tier- und Pflanzengesell­schaften gewerblicher und hauslicher Abwasser. Mitt. Os­terr. S anitatsverwaltung 10: 1-3.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1955d. Rheomorpha neiswestnovae und Marinellina flagellata, zwei phylogenetisch interessante

Wurmtypen aus dem SaJ3wasserpsammon. Osterr. Zool. Z. 6: 55-69.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1956a. Psammonstudien III. Das Psam­mon des Lago Maggiore in Oberitalien. Mem. 1st. Ital. idrobiol. 9: 365-402.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1956. Der Lebensraum des Limnopsam­mals. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. 1956: 421-427.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. & F. Ruttner, 1959. Der Neusiedlersee. In H. Loffier (ed), Das Seewinkelgebiet, pp: 4-15.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1959. Uber die Populationen der Pol­yarthra dolichoptera Idelson (Rotatoria) in den Kapruner Stauseen. Anz. osterr. Akad. Wiss. 59(1): 1-6.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1961a. Biotop und Biozonose des Sandufers einiger osterreichischer Flasse. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 14: 362-368.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1961b. Franz Sauberer. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 14: 1149-1150.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1962. Porenraum und Kapillare Wass­erstromung im Limnopsammal, ein Beispiel far die Bedeu­tung verlangsamter Strommung. Schweiz Z. Hydrobiol. 24: 444-458.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1963. The interrelationships of the rota­toria. In Dougherty E. C. (ed.), The Lower Metazoa. Uni­versity of California Press; 263-272.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1964a. Kleingewasser am Ostrand der persischen Salzwiiste. Ein Beitrag zur Limnologie arider Gebiete. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 15: 201-208.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1964b. Uber die labile Periode im Fort­pflanzungszyklus der Radertiere. Int. Rev. ges. Hydrobiol. 49: 473-482.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1966a. Notholca lapponica, nov. spec., eine psammophile Rotatorienart aus Nord-Skandinavien. Anz. Osterr. Akad. Wiss. 9: 1-4.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1966b. The influence of climatic and edaphic factors on small astatic waters in the East Persian salt desert. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 16: 524-531.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1968. Genetische Untersuchungen zur Fortplanzunsbiologie der Rotatoria. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. 1968: 205-210.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1969. Kreuzungsexperimente zwischen Brachionus urceolaris und Brachionus quadridentatus, ein Be­itrag zur Fortpflanzungsbiologie der heterogonen Rotato­ria. Arch. Hydrobiol. 65: 397-412.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1970. Synchaeta calva nov. spec., a new rotifer from the English Lake District. Int. Rev. ges. Hy­drobiol. 55: 387-390.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1970b. Bisher unbekannter Erbmecha­nismus bei Radertieren? Umschau 10: 313-314.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1971a. Rotatorien als Indikatoren far den Chemismus von Binnensalzgewassern. Sitz-Ber. Os­terr. Akad. Wiss. Math. nat. Kl., Abt. I, 179: 283-298.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1971b. Interstitial fauna. In W. T. Ed­mondson & G. G. Winberg, (eds), A Manual on Methods for Assessment of Secondary Productivity in Fresh Waters. IBP Handbook 17, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Ox­ford: 122-124.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1971c. Prof. Dr. Vinzenz Brehm. Arch. Hydrobiol., 68: 293-301.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1972a. III. Rotatoria. Binnengewasser 26, 1: 99-234.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1972b. Der EinfluB von Temperatur und Salzgehalt des Mediums auf Stoffwechsel- und Verme­hrungsintensitat von Brachionus plicatilis (Rotatoria). Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 65: 89-95.

Ruttner, W.A. & Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1972c. Some data on the hydrology of the Tabas-Shirgesht-Ozbak-kuh Area (East Iran). Jahrb. Geol. B.A. (Wien), 115: 1-48.

Ruttner, W. A. & Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1973. The chemistry of springs in relation to the geology in an arid region of the Middle East (Khurasan, Iran). Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 18: 1751-1752.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1974. Plankton Rotifers. Biology and Taxonomy. Binnengewasser 26(1): 1-146.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1975a. The vertical distribution of plank­ton rotifers in a small alpine lake with a sharp oxygen de­pletion (Lunzer Obersee). Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 19: 1286-1294.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1975b. The influence of fluctuating tem­perature on plankton rotifers. A graphical model based on life data of Hexarthrafennica from Neusiedlersee, Austria. Symp. BioI. Hung. 15: 197-204.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1977 a. Comparison of various sampling techniques, and results of repeated sampling of planktonic rotifers. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. 8: 13-18.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1977b. Population dynamics of rotifers as related to climatic conditions in Lunzer Obersee and Untersee. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. 8: 88-93.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1977c. Suggestions for biomass calcu­lation of plankton rotifers. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. 8: 71-76.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1977d. The effect of the microsporid Plistophora asperospora on Conochilus unicornis in Lunzer Untersee (LUS). Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. 8: 135-137.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1977e. Amphoteric reproduction in a population of Asplanchna priodonta. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. 8: 178-181.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1978a. Influence of fluctuating temper­ature on plankton rotifers. II. Laboratory experiments. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 20: 2400-2405.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1978b. Professor Gertrud Pleskot 1913-1978. Wasser Abwasser 76/77: 403-409.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1978c. Eutrophication Programme of the OECD. Tatigkeitsbericht 1977 tiber das Projekt 'Durchfiutung und Produktion im Lunzer Untersee'. Jber. Biol. Stat. Lunz 1: 96-115.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. & E. Kronsteiner, 1978d. Laboratori­umsversuche tiber die Wirkung von Wechseltemperaturen auf die Fortpflanzung von Planktonrotatorien. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 1: 129-133.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1979a. Brackish-water rotifers from the Mickletown Lagoons in the Lower Aire Valley. Naturalist 104: 113.

xvii

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1979b. Die Wirkung der Wildbachver­bauung auf den Unterlauf des Mayrbach und auf das Mun­dungsgebiet im Lunzer Untersee. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 2: 93-94.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1980a. The abundance and distribution of Filinia terminalis in various types of lakes as related to temperature, oxygen, and food. In H. J. Dumont & J. Green (eds), Rotatoria. Developments in Hydrobiology 1. Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague: 169-175. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 73.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1980b. Rotatorienstudien. 1. Radertiere aus Iran und Ihre Beziehung zum Chemismus des Wassers. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 3: 155-162.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1980c. Rotatorienstudien. 2. Der EinfluB des Trophie-Grades von Seen auf Abundanz und Popula­tionsdynamik des Radertiers Filinia terminalis. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 3: 159-161.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1981a. Abundanz und Sukzession der dominanten Rotatorien-Arten im Pelagial des Lunzer Un­tersees. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 4: 189-194.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1981b. Vorversuche zu genetischen Ex­perimenten mit drei verschiedenen SUimmen von Brachio­nus plicatilis M. (Rotatoria). Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 4: 195-204.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1982. Genetische Experimente mit drei verschiedenen Stfunmen von Brachionus plicatilis (Rotato­ria) II. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 5: 129-137.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1983a. The significance of mating pro­cesses for the genetics and for the formation of resting eggs in monogonont rotifers. In B. Pejler, R. Starkweather & Th. Nogrady (eds), Biology of Rotifers. Developments in Hydrobiology 14. Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague: 181-190. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 104.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1983b. Genetische Experimente mit 3 verschiedenen Stammen von Brachionus plicatilis (Rotato­ria). III. Besamungsversuche und individuelle Aufzucht. Jber. BioI. Station Lunz 6: 195-206.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1984. Der EinfluB von Quantitat und Qualitat des Futters auf Lebensparameter. Klonwachstum und Korpermasse einiger planktischer Rotatorienarten. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 7: 181-191.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1985a. Results of individual cross­mating experiments in three distinct strains of Brachionus plicatilis (Rotatoria). Verh. into Ver. Limnol. 22: 2979-2982.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1985b. Distribution of rotifers in a transect across the Lunz Untersee. Jber. BioI. Station Lunz 8: 99-103.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., Futterungsversuche an einigen plank­tic hen R1l.dertierarten. Wasser Abwasser 30: 465-481.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1986b. Versuche tiber das Konkurrenz­verhalten von Brachionus plicatilis und Brachionus calyciflo­rus unter Laborbedingungen. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 9: 243-247.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. & G. Malicky, 1988. Succession and abundance ofrotifers in Lunzer-Untersee as determined by

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1971c. Prof. Dr. Vinzenz Brehm. Arch. Hydrobiol., 68: 293-301.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1972a. III. Rotatoria. Binnengewasser 26, 1: 99-234.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1972b. Der EinfluB von Temperatur und Salzgehalt des Mediums auf Stoffwechsel- und Verme­hrungsintensitat von Brachionus plicatilis (Rotatoria). Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. 65: 89-95.

Ruttner, W.A. & Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1972c. Some data on the hydrology of the Tabas-Shirgesht-Ozbak-kuh Area (East Iran). Jahrb. Geol. B.A. (Wien), 115: 1-48.

Ruttner, W. A. & Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1973. The chemistry of springs in relation to the geology in an arid region of the Middle East (Khurasan, Iran). Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 18: 1751-1752.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1974. Plankton Rotifers. Biology and Taxonomy. Binnengewasser 26(1): 1-146.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1975a. The vertical distribution of plank­ton rotifers in a small alpine lake with a sharp oxygen de­pletion (Lunzer Obersee). Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 19: 1286-1294.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1975b. The influence of fluctuating tem­perature on plankton rotifers. A graphical model based on life data of Hexarthrafennica from Neusiedlersee, Austria. Symp. BioI. Hung. 15: 197-204.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1977 a. Comparison of various sampling techniques, and results of repeated sampling of planktonic rotifers. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. 8: 13-18.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1977b. Population dynamics of rotifers as related to climatic conditions in Lunzer Obersee and Untersee. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. 8: 88-93.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1977c. Suggestions for biomass calcu­lation of plankton rotifers. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. 8: 71-76.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1977d. The effect of the microsporid Plistophora asperospora on Conochilus unicornis in Lunzer Untersee (LUS). Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. 8: 135-137.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1977e. Amphoteric reproduction in a population of Asplanchna priodonta. Arch. Hydrobiol. Beih. 8: 178-181.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1978a. Influence of fluctuating temper­ature on plankton rotifers. II. Laboratory experiments. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol. 20: 2400-2405.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1978b. Professor Gertrud Pleskot 1913-1978. Wasser Abwasser 76/77: 403-409.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1978c. Eutrophication Programme of the OECD. Tatigkeitsbericht 1977 tiber das Projekt 'Durchfiutung und Produktion im Lunzer Untersee'. Jber. Biol. Stat. Lunz 1: 96-115.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. & E. Kronsteiner, 1978d. Laboratori­umsversuche tiber die Wirkung von Wechseltemperaturen auf die Fortpflanzung von Planktonrotatorien. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 1: 129-133.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1979a. Brackish-water rotifers from the Mickletown Lagoons in the Lower Aire Valley. Naturalist 104: 113.

xvii

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1979b. Die Wirkung der Wildbachver­bauung auf den Unterlauf des Mayrbach und auf das Mun­dungsgebiet im Lunzer Untersee. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 2: 93-94.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1980a. The abundance and distribution of Filinia terminalis in various types of lakes as related to temperature, oxygen, and food. In H. J. Dumont & J. Green (eds), Rotatoria. Developments in Hydrobiology 1. Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague: 169-175. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 73.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1980b. Rotatorienstudien. 1. Radertiere aus Iran und Ihre Beziehung zum Chemismus des Wassers. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 3: 155-162.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1980c. Rotatorienstudien. 2. Der EinfluB des Trophie-Grades von Seen auf Abundanz und Popula­tionsdynamik des Radertiers Filinia terminalis. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 3: 159-161.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1981a. Abundanz und Sukzession der dominanten Rotatorien-Arten im Pelagial des Lunzer Un­tersees. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 4: 189-194.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1981b. Vorversuche zu genetischen Ex­perimenten mit drei verschiedenen SUimmen von Brachio­nus plicatilis M. (Rotatoria). Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 4: 195-204.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1982. Genetische Experimente mit drei verschiedenen Stfunmen von Brachionus plicatilis (Rotato­ria) II. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 5: 129-137.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1983a. The significance of mating pro­cesses for the genetics and for the formation of resting eggs in monogonont rotifers. In B. Pejler, R. Starkweather & Th. Nogrady (eds), Biology of Rotifers. Developments in Hydrobiology 14. Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague: 181-190. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 104.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1983b. Genetische Experimente mit 3 verschiedenen Stammen von Brachionus plicatilis (Rotato­ria). III. Besamungsversuche und individuelle Aufzucht. Jber. BioI. Station Lunz 6: 195-206.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1984. Der EinfluB von Quantitat und Qualitat des Futters auf Lebensparameter. Klonwachstum und Korpermasse einiger planktischer Rotatorienarten. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 7: 181-191.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1985a. Results of individual cross­mating experiments in three distinct strains of Brachionus plicatilis (Rotatoria). Verh. into Ver. Limnol. 22: 2979-2982.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1985b. Distribution of rotifers in a transect across the Lunz Untersee. Jber. BioI. Station Lunz 8: 99-103.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., Futterungsversuche an einigen plank­tic hen R1l.dertierarten. Wasser Abwasser 30: 465-481.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1986b. Versuche tiber das Konkurrenz­verhalten von Brachionus plicatilis und Brachionus calyciflo­rus unter Laborbedingungen. Jber. BioI. Stat. Lunz 9: 243-247.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. & G. Malicky, 1988. Succession and abundance ofrotifers in Lunzer-Untersee as determined by

xviii

biological interactions and abiotic events. Verh. into Ver. LimnoL 23: 510-515.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1989. Problems in taxonomy of rotifers, exemplified by the Filinia longiseta-terminalis complex. In C. Ricci, T. W. Snell & c. E. King (eds), Rotifer Symposium V. Developments in Hydrobiology 52. Kluwer Academic

Publishers, Dordrecht: 291-298. Reprinted from Hydrobi­ologia 186/187.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1993. Is Keratella hiemalis a valid species and where does it live? VI International Rotifer Sympo­sium. Hydrobiologia 255/256: 441-443.

xviii

biological interactions and abiotic events. Verh. into Ver. LimnoL 23: 510-515.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A., 1989. Problems in taxonomy of rotifers, exemplified by the Filinia longiseta-terminalis complex. In C. Ricci, T. W. Snell & c. E. King (eds), Rotifer Symposium V. Developments in Hydrobiology 52. Kluwer Academic

Publishers, Dordrecht: 291-298. Reprinted from Hydrobi­ologia 186/187.

Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1993. Is Keratella hiemalis a valid species and where does it live? VI International Rotifer Sympo­sium. Hydrobiologia 255/256: 441-443.

Hydrobiologia 255/256: xix-xx, 1993. J. J. Gilbert, E. Lubzens & M. R. Miracle (eds), Rotifer Symposium VI. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

XIX

Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko: a personal retrospect

I was extremely surprised, and felt honoured, when in the course of 1975, I received a letter from Prof. Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko, requesting me to write a review for the meeting of Rotifer work­ers at her institute at Lunz-am-See. Until that time, I had only known her as a name from the literature.

The Lunz meeting initiated a tradition, and changed the life of most of its participants. Agnes inspired a peculiar spirit of relaxedness, scientific openness, and preparedness to discuss any issue in a constructive manner. This has since become the trademark of the Rotifer 'family', to which Charles King refers elsewhere.

Small things about Agnes had considerable im­pact on all of us. I distinctly remember a short discussion about Hexarthra, and was H. jenkinae really specifically distinct from H. fennica? I said, quite embarrassed but truthfully, that I really wasn't sure, expecting a long explanation. Sur­prisingly, Agnes laughed, and simply said 'neither do 1'. Since that day, I have been no longer ob­sessed with the exact demarcation of species boundaries. It also made me realize that many 'described' species acquire their status because their describer so judges them.

Agnes definitely knew how to enjoy life. Dur­ing the Ghent meeting, she feasted with the wild young rotiferologists on Flemish jenever in the evening, and took a nap in the midday sun on a bench in the park the next day. But she never missed a session. And she never missed a rotifer meeting.

During the meeting in Banyoles, it was clear that she was slowing down, although with Agnes everything was relative: in the evening, she was dancing the Sardana on the market place. When, like so many meetings before, discussions started on where the next gathering would be, her judge­ment was again guiding us. In a letter dated Sep­tember 1991, circulated to the 'club' of former symposium organizers, she pleaded that Poland should be selected. And so it was decided.

In Banyoles, with a sad smile on her face, she had told me that this would be her last meeting. Jokingly, I replied that she would be the first to register for the next one. Unfortunately, but as usual, she was right again.

We will all miss her very much.

HENRI J. DUMONT

University of Ghent

Hydrobiologia 255/256: xix-xx, 1993. J. J. Gilbert, E. Lubzens & M. R. Miracle (eds), Rotifer Symposium VI. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

XIX

Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko: a personal retrospect

I was extremely surprised, and felt honoured, when in the course of 1975, I received a letter from Prof. Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko, requesting me to write a review for the meeting of Rotifer work­ers at her institute at Lunz-am-See. Until that time, I had only known her as a name from the literature.

The Lunz meeting initiated a tradition, and changed the life of most of its participants. Agnes inspired a peculiar spirit of relaxedness, scientific openness, and preparedness to discuss any issue in a constructive manner. This has since become the trademark of the Rotifer 'family', to which Charles King refers elsewhere.

Small things about Agnes had considerable im­pact on all of us. I distinctly remember a short discussion about Hexarthra, and was H. jenkinae really specifically distinct from H. fennica? I said, quite embarrassed but truthfully, that I really wasn't sure, expecting a long explanation. Sur­prisingly, Agnes laughed, and simply said 'neither do 1'. Since that day, I have been no longer ob­sessed with the exact demarcation of species boundaries. It also made me realize that many 'described' species acquire their status because their describer so judges them.

Agnes definitely knew how to enjoy life. Dur­ing the Ghent meeting, she feasted with the wild young rotiferologists on Flemish jenever in the evening, and took a nap in the midday sun on a bench in the park the next day. But she never missed a session. And she never missed a rotifer meeting.

During the meeting in Banyoles, it was clear that she was slowing down, although with Agnes everything was relative: in the evening, she was dancing the Sardana on the market place. When, like so many meetings before, discussions started on where the next gathering would be, her judge­ment was again guiding us. In a letter dated Sep­tember 1991, circulated to the 'club' of former symposium organizers, she pleaded that Poland should be selected. And so it was decided.

In Banyoles, with a sad smile on her face, she had told me that this would be her last meeting. Jokingly, I replied that she would be the first to register for the next one. Unfortunately, but as usual, she was right again.

We will all miss her very much.

HENRI J. DUMONT

University of Ghent

xx

Some components of the life of Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko. 1. Around 1912, at about 1 year old. 2. Around 1915, at age 3-4 years. 3. As a young student in Limnology at Lunz. 4. With

second child (a boy) in April 1941. 5. With twins (1943). 6. In Iran, studying salt water pans (1963).7. At home in Lunz, around 1964. 8. During one of the rotifer meetings in the 1980's.

xx

Some components of the life of Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko. 1. Around 1912, at about 1 year old. 2. Around 1915, at age 3-4 years. 3. As a young student in Limnology at Lunz. 4. With

second child (a boy) in April 1941. 5. With twins (1943). 6. In Iran, studying salt water pans (1963).7. At home in Lunz, around 1964. 8. During one of the rotifer meetings in the 1980's.

Hydrobiologia 255/256: xxi-xxii, 1993. J. J. Gilbert, E. Lubzens & M. R. Miracle (eds), Rotifer Symposium VI. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

XXI

Prof. Dr Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko July 14, 1911-November 22, 1991

In September, 1976 a group of 38 rotifer biolo­gists from 15 countries gathered at Biological Sta­tion Lunz of the Austrian Academy of Science to mark the retirement of the Station's Director, Prof. Dr Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko. Retirement often signifies an end. But on this occasion the assembled participants confidently designated the meeting as the 'First' International Rotifer Sym­posium and made plans to meet again in three years at Ghent. Thus was formed the 'family' of rotifer scientists.

Lunz am See established the special ambience that has marked future meetings of the family. This ambience includes a large measure of infor­mality with abundant opportunity for private dis­cussion and interactions, enthusiastic and critical debate of ideas and interpretations, a sense that scholarship and fun can be profitably combined, interest by all participants in all aspects of the program, and, not least, a sense of caring, mutual respect and friendship among the gathered par­ticipants. No one was more responsible for cre­ating this ambience than Agnes, who organized the program and actively participated in all as­pects of the week-long celebration.

On November 22, 1991, while on holiday in Kenya, Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko died. Her bibli­ography, presented in the accompanying article, includes 67 publications, fully 40% of which were completed after her 'retirement' in 1976. In this research, as in other aspects of her life, one is struck by the breadth of her interests. Some of her publications are classically limnological in their approach, while others focus on systematics, on morphology, and on the population dynamics of rotifers. A consistent theme running through her work is life history evolution and analysis- she was the first to apply genetic concepts to rotifers­and she skillfully used laboratory studies to gain insights to natural populations.

One of the keys to understanding Agnes' im-

pact on the field of rotifer population biology is an appreciation of her approach to research. Her own studies, whether performed in the field or laboratory, were carefully directed to examining biological interactions in ecologically realistic sit­uations. She read- and at meetings listened to- the work of others with an unusually quick and crit­ical mind and freely advanced comments that ei­ther confirmed and extended the conclusions of the author or reinterpreted the results and placed them in a different context. Studies that were poorly designed or inappropriately analyzed were summarily rejected, sometimes in a very direct manner. Reticence, understatement and verbal el­lipsis were foreign to her concept of the duty of a critical colleague.

In her own research Agnes was seldom content to stop with a straight-forward description of the results. Data were used as conduits to ideas, many of which have had an important impact on our view of the structure of natural popUlations. She could also be quite dogmatic in defense of her interpretations. Each of the six International Ro­tifer Symposia was punctuated by at least one spirited debate between Agnes and northern Eu­ropean workers on the status of a group of Keratella- a debate that took place while most of the audience relaxed and enjoyed the interchange.

On the other hand, when objective evidence was presented to refute her ideas, she was the first to welcome the new information. In 1969 Agnes published the results of a study conducted by hybridizing two species of Brachionus. Reciprocal crosses between the two were successful in only one direction and the resultant progeny displayed only the morphological characteristics of the fe­male parent. On the basis of these results she proposed that sexual reproduction in mono­gonont rotifers is matroclinal and represents a 'cryptoparthenogenesis'. Seven years later, at the First International Rotifer Symposium, electro-

Hydrobiologia 255/256: xxi-xxii, 1993. J. J. Gilbert, E. Lubzens & M. R. Miracle (eds), Rotifer Symposium VI. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

XXI

Prof. Dr Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko July 14, 1911-November 22, 1991

In September, 1976 a group of 38 rotifer biolo­gists from 15 countries gathered at Biological Sta­tion Lunz of the Austrian Academy of Science to mark the retirement of the Station's Director, Prof. Dr Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko. Retirement often signifies an end. But on this occasion the assembled participants confidently designated the meeting as the 'First' International Rotifer Sym­posium and made plans to meet again in three years at Ghent. Thus was formed the 'family' of rotifer scientists.

Lunz am See established the special ambience that has marked future meetings of the family. This ambience includes a large measure of infor­mality with abundant opportunity for private dis­cussion and interactions, enthusiastic and critical debate of ideas and interpretations, a sense that scholarship and fun can be profitably combined, interest by all participants in all aspects of the program, and, not least, a sense of caring, mutual respect and friendship among the gathered par­ticipants. No one was more responsible for cre­ating this ambience than Agnes, who organized the program and actively participated in all as­pects of the week-long celebration.

On November 22, 1991, while on holiday in Kenya, Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko died. Her bibli­ography, presented in the accompanying article, includes 67 publications, fully 40% of which were completed after her 'retirement' in 1976. In this research, as in other aspects of her life, one is struck by the breadth of her interests. Some of her publications are classically limnological in their approach, while others focus on systematics, on morphology, and on the population dynamics of rotifers. A consistent theme running through her work is life history evolution and analysis- she was the first to apply genetic concepts to rotifers­and she skillfully used laboratory studies to gain insights to natural populations.

One of the keys to understanding Agnes' im-

pact on the field of rotifer population biology is an appreciation of her approach to research. Her own studies, whether performed in the field or laboratory, were carefully directed to examining biological interactions in ecologically realistic sit­uations. She read- and at meetings listened to- the work of others with an unusually quick and crit­ical mind and freely advanced comments that ei­ther confirmed and extended the conclusions of the author or reinterpreted the results and placed them in a different context. Studies that were poorly designed or inappropriately analyzed were summarily rejected, sometimes in a very direct manner. Reticence, understatement and verbal el­lipsis were foreign to her concept of the duty of a critical colleague.

In her own research Agnes was seldom content to stop with a straight-forward description of the results. Data were used as conduits to ideas, many of which have had an important impact on our view of the structure of natural popUlations. She could also be quite dogmatic in defense of her interpretations. Each of the six International Ro­tifer Symposia was punctuated by at least one spirited debate between Agnes and northern Eu­ropean workers on the status of a group of Keratella- a debate that took place while most of the audience relaxed and enjoyed the interchange.

On the other hand, when objective evidence was presented to refute her ideas, she was the first to welcome the new information. In 1969 Agnes published the results of a study conducted by hybridizing two species of Brachionus. Reciprocal crosses between the two were successful in only one direction and the resultant progeny displayed only the morphological characteristics of the fe­male parent. On the basis of these results she proposed that sexual reproduction in mono­gonont rotifers is matroclinal and represents a 'cryptoparthenogenesis'. Seven years later, at the First International Rotifer Symposium, electro-

XXll

phoretic data were presented demonstrating clas­sical segregation and recombination in mono­gononts. Characteristically, Agnes was quick to accept this new information and immediately began to reinterpret her prior results.

On a trip to the United States in the summer of 1983 Agnes traveled to Denver to visit her daughter and son-in-law. Afterwards we met in northern Nevada and spent a week visiting some of the many lakes between there and Corvallis, Oregon. She later described this visit as 'the ideal holiday - sampling lake after lake during the day and talking about everything except lakes at night.' Perhaps the high point of this trip was our stop at Crater Lake with its crystalline clarity, sheer volcanic cliffs and haunting, lyrical beauty. The sight of Crater Lake evoked a flood of ques­tions from Agnes about its physical, chemical and biological properties, all of which drew blanks for answers. Making matters worse, I argued that some experiences should not be viewed with the eye of a scientist; too much objective knowledge can diminish appreciation of aesthetic properties

and, without these, Crater Lake would be just another basin of water. This point of view, to Agnes, was nonsense; the greater the knowledge, the greater the appreciation. When we reached Corvallis, she immediately telephoned Tommy Edmondson who gave her a list of references dealing with Crater Lake. Although she sub­sequently explored these publications in a visit to the Oregon State University library, she was kind enough to keep the information to her­self and leave me in my state of pristine igno­rance.

Our world is a zero-balance system; each birth creates an allegorical debt repayable only by death. What happens in between distinguishes us as individuals. When our group first met at Lunz, Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko talked of science and stepped to the folk dances of her native Austria. At Banyoles, she talked of science and danced the sardana of Catalonia. And always, there was the family.

CHARLES E. KING

Oregon State University

XXll

phoretic data were presented demonstrating clas­sical segregation and recombination in mono­gononts. Characteristically, Agnes was quick to accept this new information and immediately began to reinterpret her prior results.

On a trip to the United States in the summer of 1983 Agnes traveled to Denver to visit her daughter and son-in-law. Afterwards we met in northern Nevada and spent a week visiting some of the many lakes between there and Corvallis, Oregon. She later described this visit as 'the ideal holiday - sampling lake after lake during the day and talking about everything except lakes at night.' Perhaps the high point of this trip was our stop at Crater Lake with its crystalline clarity, sheer volcanic cliffs and haunting, lyrical beauty. The sight of Crater Lake evoked a flood of ques­tions from Agnes about its physical, chemical and biological properties, all of which drew blanks for answers. Making matters worse, I argued that some experiences should not be viewed with the eye of a scientist; too much objective knowledge can diminish appreciation of aesthetic properties

and, without these, Crater Lake would be just another basin of water. This point of view, to Agnes, was nonsense; the greater the knowledge, the greater the appreciation. When we reached Corvallis, she immediately telephoned Tommy Edmondson who gave her a list of references dealing with Crater Lake. Although she sub­sequently explored these publications in a visit to the Oregon State University library, she was kind enough to keep the information to her­self and leave me in my state of pristine igno­rance.

Our world is a zero-balance system; each birth creates an allegorical debt repayable only by death. What happens in between distinguishes us as individuals. When our group first met at Lunz, Agnes Ruttner-Kolisko talked of science and stepped to the folk dances of her native Austria. At Banyoles, she talked of science and danced the sardana of Catalonia. And always, there was the family.

CHARLES E. KING

Oregon State University

Hydrobiologia 255/256: xxiii-xxvi, 1993. J. J. Gilbert, E. Lubzens & M. R. Miracle (eds), Rotifer Symposium VI. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

XXlll

Das Radertierportrait: Walter Koste

Walter Koste was born on July 19th, 1912, in Stolp, in a region now part of Poland called Pom­memo His parents were Adolf Koste, a railway employee, and his wife Ottilie. Walter Koste at­tended elementary school and later was admitted to the gymnasium (secondary school) in Stolp in 1923. Here his biology teacher noticed that Koste had a keen interest in the life sciences, witnessed in part by his young pupil's careful drawings. The instructor encouraged this interest by permitting Koste to use his extensive library and by having Koste join him on excursions to the East Pom­mem coastal lakes. In this most pleasant way, Koste became acquainted with the local flora and

fauna at an early age. As a result of these trips and his teacher's encouragement, Koste started a her­barium and an entomological collection, orga­nized according to the way biology was inter­preted at the time. It was during these early days, and in the encouraging environment of his teach­er's home, that Walter Koste learned the practi­cal art and techniques of microscopy.

In 1928, when the Koste family moved to Stet­tin, his mentor and friend gave him two books as a farewell present: the 9th edition of Kukenthal/ Matthes ('Leitfaden fUr das Zoologische Praki­kum') and Haeckel's ('Kunstformen der Natur'). Together with the impressions from his early

Hydrobiologia 255/256: xxiii-xxvi, 1993. J. J. Gilbert, E. Lubzens & M. R. Miracle (eds), Rotifer Symposium VI. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

XXlll

Das Radertierportrait: Walter Koste

Walter Koste was born on July 19th, 1912, in Stolp, in a region now part of Poland called Pom­memo His parents were Adolf Koste, a railway employee, and his wife Ottilie. Walter Koste at­tended elementary school and later was admitted to the gymnasium (secondary school) in Stolp in 1923. Here his biology teacher noticed that Koste had a keen interest in the life sciences, witnessed in part by his young pupil's careful drawings. The instructor encouraged this interest by permitting Koste to use his extensive library and by having Koste join him on excursions to the East Pom­mem coastal lakes. In this most pleasant way, Koste became acquainted with the local flora and

fauna at an early age. As a result of these trips and his teacher's encouragement, Koste started a her­barium and an entomological collection, orga­nized according to the way biology was inter­preted at the time. It was during these early days, and in the encouraging environment of his teach­er's home, that Walter Koste learned the practi­cal art and techniques of microscopy.

In 1928, when the Koste family moved to Stet­tin, his mentor and friend gave him two books as a farewell present: the 9th edition of Kukenthal/ Matthes ('Leitfaden fUr das Zoologische Praki­kum') and Haeckel's ('Kunstformen der Natur'). Together with the impressions from his early

XXIV

school days, these books would have a far­reaching influence on Koste's future development.

Throughout his childhood, Walter Koste spent his summer vacations together with his sisters at the house of his maternal grandfather near a lake in southern Ostpreussen (Masurian Lakes). There his grandfather had an additional job as a fish­erman. Often the grandchildren were taken on boat trips to watch their grandfather set out fish traps or cast nets. Nighttime and dawn frequently found the family group in quiet coves and chan­nels, and as the grandchildren grew older they were allowed to do this work on their own. Koste remembers this time in his adolescence as a dream-like period of happiness; surely it had a great influence upon his interests, especially his curiosity about nature.

In Stettin, Walter Koste attended the gymna­sium, where he continued his growing interest in the natural sciences and scientific illustration. Part of his leisure time was spent in the museum founded by Anton Dohrn. In the reading room of the museum and in that of the large public library, Koste eagerly read the reference books he could not afford. After successfully passing the final ex­aminations, Koste left school in 1932.

After leaving school, Walter Koste intended to study veterinary medicine. However, his parents were not well-off and had the additional burden of supporting his sisters at the gymnasium. (At that time, school fees had to be paid by the family, and there were no free teaching materials). His parents had to ask him to abandon his plans for veterinary medicine, which seemed financially im­possible. For this reason Koste applied for ad­mission to the College of Education in Stettin. Regrettably, only 20 of 220 applicants were ac­cepted, and he was not among the fortunate few. At this time the world was in the grip of the great economic recession of the 1930's, and, as an adult, Koste could not stay at home. Following some casual work as an office assistant, he went to an estate near Greifswald as an agricultural trainee. But his hopes of going to the university and achieving his original ambitions still remained. His employer, however, had a stern attitude to­wards trainees; he considered them to be a source

of cheap labour. So in 1934 Koste decided to join the Wehrmacht (armed forces), as many young men did at this time. In embarking on a career in administration in the Wehrmacht, he saw a pos­sibility for further progress.

In April of 1939, shortly before the beginning of World War II, Walter Koste married Hilde­gard Luck, the daughter of a furniture merchant and carpenter in Pommern. After a brief period in KolbergjOstseebad, where he was paymaster for the army garrison, a transfer order brought him to the 94th infantry regiment, which was then based on the banks of the river Weichsel. In 1940, a son, Peter, was born to the Kostes; Walter Koste would not see him again until eight years later.

After some years of war in the northern part of the Russian front, Koste fell into Soviet hands as a prisoner-of-war. He was made to work in a quarry, the forest, and road and bridge construc­tion. In one camp for officers, he was assigned to a special team which set foundations on the Oka stream bed for a future railway bridge. Day and night shifts, compounded by malnutrition, seri­ously affected his health. In 1947 he was trans­ferred to another labour camp, as he was suffer­ing from edemas induced by malnutrition. Eventually, Koste was totally unable to work, and in 1948 he was assigned to be transported home for repatriation. After several weeks of wandering in search of his family, Koste found his wife and son in Niedersachsen, where they had come as refugees. Exhausted by privations and strains suf­fered during his time as a prisoner, it took a year for him to regain his health.

In the spring of 1950, Walter Koste applied for admission to the College of Education in Olden­burg. After passing the entrance examination, and with special approval from the Minister of Edu­cation and the Arts in Niedersachsen, he was allowed to begin his studies. In 1952, Koste suc­cessfully passed the first examination, which cer­tified him for teaching at the elementary school level. During this time he dedicated much of his energy to the study of the natural sciences and philosophy. Because his college work began so late, Koste intended to make good use of his time

XXIV

school days, these books would have a far­reaching influence on Koste's future development.

Throughout his childhood, Walter Koste spent his summer vacations together with his sisters at the house of his maternal grandfather near a lake in southern Ostpreussen (Masurian Lakes). There his grandfather had an additional job as a fish­erman. Often the grandchildren were taken on boat trips to watch their grandfather set out fish traps or cast nets. Nighttime and dawn frequently found the family group in quiet coves and chan­nels, and as the grandchildren grew older they were allowed to do this work on their own. Koste remembers this time in his adolescence as a dream-like period of happiness; surely it had a great influence upon his interests, especially his curiosity about nature.

In Stettin, Walter Koste attended the gymna­sium, where he continued his growing interest in the natural sciences and scientific illustration. Part of his leisure time was spent in the museum founded by Anton Dohrn. In the reading room of the museum and in that of the large public library, Koste eagerly read the reference books he could not afford. After successfully passing the final ex­aminations, Koste left school in 1932.

After leaving school, Walter Koste intended to study veterinary medicine. However, his parents were not well-off and had the additional burden of supporting his sisters at the gymnasium. (At that time, school fees had to be paid by the family, and there were no free teaching materials). His parents had to ask him to abandon his plans for veterinary medicine, which seemed financially im­possible. For this reason Koste applied for ad­mission to the College of Education in Stettin. Regrettably, only 20 of 220 applicants were ac­cepted, and he was not among the fortunate few. At this time the world was in the grip of the great economic recession of the 1930's, and, as an adult, Koste could not stay at home. Following some casual work as an office assistant, he went to an estate near Greifswald as an agricultural trainee. But his hopes of going to the university and achieving his original ambitions still remained. His employer, however, had a stern attitude to­wards trainees; he considered them to be a source

of cheap labour. So in 1934 Koste decided to join the Wehrmacht (armed forces), as many young men did at this time. In embarking on a career in administration in the Wehrmacht, he saw a pos­sibility for further progress.

In April of 1939, shortly before the beginning of World War II, Walter Koste married Hilde­gard Luck, the daughter of a furniture merchant and carpenter in Pommern. After a brief period in KolbergjOstseebad, where he was paymaster for the army garrison, a transfer order brought him to the 94th infantry regiment, which was then based on the banks of the river Weichsel. In 1940, a son, Peter, was born to the Kostes; Walter Koste would not see him again until eight years later.

After some years of war in the northern part of the Russian front, Koste fell into Soviet hands as a prisoner-of-war. He was made to work in a quarry, the forest, and road and bridge construc­tion. In one camp for officers, he was assigned to a special team which set foundations on the Oka stream bed for a future railway bridge. Day and night shifts, compounded by malnutrition, seri­ously affected his health. In 1947 he was trans­ferred to another labour camp, as he was suffer­ing from edemas induced by malnutrition. Eventually, Koste was totally unable to work, and in 1948 he was assigned to be transported home for repatriation. After several weeks of wandering in search of his family, Koste found his wife and son in Niedersachsen, where they had come as refugees. Exhausted by privations and strains suf­fered during his time as a prisoner, it took a year for him to regain his health.

In the spring of 1950, Walter Koste applied for admission to the College of Education in Olden­burg. After passing the entrance examination, and with special approval from the Minister of Edu­cation and the Arts in Niedersachsen, he was allowed to begin his studies. In 1952, Koste suc­cessfully passed the first examination, which cer­tified him for teaching at the elementary school level. During this time he dedicated much of his energy to the study of the natural sciences and philosophy. Because his college work began so late, Koste intended to make good use of his time

and augment the extensive knowledge of botany and zoology he had acquired during his youth. He joined biological courses and participated in many field excursions. Most of these were to the pro­tected moors of the Oldenburg and Rhon region, as well as to the Weser area. During vacations, Koste began his study of the microflora and fauna of these waters. Soon he was gripped by fascina­tion for the rotifers.

From 1952 to 1955 Walter Koste worked as an elementary school teacher, continuing the study of rotifers in his spare time. He was even suc­cessful in combining his second teaching exami­nation with these interests. One study topic he chose was entitled 'The Lake as a Community of Life.' At his own request, he was assigned to the Headship of a country school in 1955. This per­mitted him to continue his educational studies at his own direction, while at the same time inves­tigating scientific questions in the field of hydro­biology. For this reason, Koste made contact with other rotifer specialists, including J. Hauer (Karlsruhe), K. Wulfert (Bad Lauchstadt), P. J. Donner (Katzelsdorf), M. Voigt (Schleswig), H. G. S. Wright (Cawston, England), and B. Berzins (Lund). Each of these experts strongly supported his efforts in the following years by providing him with literature and, moreover, by encouraging him to publish his observations.

On the advice of the representative for Nature Protection of the government district of Osnabruck, Koste participated in courses at the College of Education, Osnabruck (1957 -1960) for secondary school teachers of biology and geog­raphy. In 1961, he successfully passed his exam­ination, presenting part of his results on investi­gations of lotic and lentic waters of Northwestern Germany, which he had made between 1958 and 1960. These efforts included numerous original drawings of rotifers from that district.

From 1962, Koste worked as a teacher of bi­ology and geography at the Artland Secondary School in Quakenbruck. In 1971 he was ap­pointed Deputy Headmaster of his school, a post which obligated him to work for the School Headship in addition to teaching. In the summer of 1974 he retired from Artland but continued his

xxv

private studies and, by special request of the ad­ministration, taught at the local College of Edu­cation. From 1968 on, the Head of the study group for biology at the College of Education in Osnabruck had enlisted Koste's help in numer­ous ways, including instructing students in the identification of planktonic organisms, introduc­ing them to microscopy, providing zoological ex­ercises on invertebrates, and leading excursions to different types of waters as well as to moors in the area around Osnabrock. When the College of Education was converted into a university, Koste was asked by the Minister of Education and the Arts of Niedersachsen to give lectures in hydro­biology. During the winter of 1977/78, however, he gave up this post for health reasons.

As long ago as 1967, Walter Koste began a revision of Voigt's definitive work, 'Rotatoria -Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas,' using an index card system and a reprint collection which he had compiled over the years. With the support of Pro­fessors H.-J. Elster an W. Ohle, the revision of Voigt's work was assigned to Koste by the pub­lishing company Gebr. Borntraeger, Stuttgart­Berlin. The manuscript of this extensive opus was finished in 1977 and was published as a double volume (text and figures being bound separately) in the autumn of 1978. Since its publication, this work has been a standard for rotifer specialists throughout the world. Besides his excellent work in the revision of Voigt, Koste published many articles and technical papers. During the years 1968-1988 he published a series of articles enti­tled 'Das Radertierportrat' in the monthly journal Mikrokosmos. From 1961 to the present he has published 126 papers. In 1980, Koste was awarded an honorary doctoral degree from Christian-Albrechts-Universitat, Kiel (Math.­N aturwiss. Fakultat) 'Fur die Erfassung der Lebe­welt des Susswassers'.

Apart from his scientific work, Walter Koste has always wanted to make friends and have co­workers in his field of interest. This he readily did, gaining numerous colleagues including profes­sionals and amateurs outside the traditional ac­ademic society. During his many years of scien­tific research, he has increased the number of his

and augment the extensive knowledge of botany and zoology he had acquired during his youth. He joined biological courses and participated in many field excursions. Most of these were to the pro­tected moors of the Oldenburg and Rhon region, as well as to the Weser area. During vacations, Koste began his study of the microflora and fauna of these waters. Soon he was gripped by fascina­tion for the rotifers.

From 1952 to 1955 Walter Koste worked as an elementary school teacher, continuing the study of rotifers in his spare time. He was even suc­cessful in combining his second teaching exami­nation with these interests. One study topic he chose was entitled 'The Lake as a Community of Life.' At his own request, he was assigned to the Headship of a country school in 1955. This per­mitted him to continue his educational studies at his own direction, while at the same time inves­tigating scientific questions in the field of hydro­biology. For this reason, Koste made contact with other rotifer specialists, including J. Hauer (Karlsruhe), K. Wulfert (Bad Lauchstadt), P. J. Donner (Katzelsdorf), M. Voigt (Schleswig), H. G. S. Wright (Cawston, England), and B. Berzins (Lund). Each of these experts strongly supported his efforts in the following years by providing him with literature and, moreover, by encouraging him to publish his observations.

On the advice of the representative for Nature Protection of the government district of Osnabruck, Koste participated in courses at the College of Education, Osnabruck (1957 -1960) for secondary school teachers of biology and geog­raphy. In 1961, he successfully passed his exam­ination, presenting part of his results on investi­gations of lotic and lentic waters of Northwestern Germany, which he had made between 1958 and 1960. These efforts included numerous original drawings of rotifers from that district.

From 1962, Koste worked as a teacher of bi­ology and geography at the Artland Secondary School in Quakenbruck. In 1971 he was ap­pointed Deputy Headmaster of his school, a post which obligated him to work for the School Headship in addition to teaching. In the summer of 1974 he retired from Artland but continued his

xxv

private studies and, by special request of the ad­ministration, taught at the local College of Edu­cation. From 1968 on, the Head of the study group for biology at the College of Education in Osnabruck had enlisted Koste's help in numer­ous ways, including instructing students in the identification of planktonic organisms, introduc­ing them to microscopy, providing zoological ex­ercises on invertebrates, and leading excursions to different types of waters as well as to moors in the area around Osnabrock. When the College of Education was converted into a university, Koste was asked by the Minister of Education and the Arts of Niedersachsen to give lectures in hydro­biology. During the winter of 1977/78, however, he gave up this post for health reasons.

As long ago as 1967, Walter Koste began a revision of Voigt's definitive work, 'Rotatoria -Die Radertiere Mitteleuropas,' using an index card system and a reprint collection which he had compiled over the years. With the support of Pro­fessors H.-J. Elster an W. Ohle, the revision of Voigt's work was assigned to Koste by the pub­lishing company Gebr. Borntraeger, Stuttgart­Berlin. The manuscript of this extensive opus was finished in 1977 and was published as a double volume (text and figures being bound separately) in the autumn of 1978. Since its publication, this work has been a standard for rotifer specialists throughout the world. Besides his excellent work in the revision of Voigt, Koste published many articles and technical papers. During the years 1968-1988 he published a series of articles enti­tled 'Das Radertierportrat' in the monthly journal Mikrokosmos. From 1961 to the present he has published 126 papers. In 1980, Koste was awarded an honorary doctoral degree from Christian-Albrechts-Universitat, Kiel (Math.­N aturwiss. Fakultat) 'Fur die Erfassung der Lebe­welt des Susswassers'.

Apart from his scientific work, Walter Koste has always wanted to make friends and have co­workers in his field of interest. This he readily did, gaining numerous colleagues including profes­sionals and amateurs outside the traditional ac­ademic society. During his many years of scien­tific research, he has increased the number of his

xxvi

friends several times over and is a much beloved colleague, so much so that many refer to him as Uncle Walter, out of honor and respect.

Since Walter Koste first became interested in rotifer taxonomy, his work has been dedicated to confirming and spreading taxonomic knowledge. He has been, and still is, of very great help to scientists all over the world. His work has been a life-long passion, and we, his colleagues and friends, have been the better off for his efforts. While his work has been largely honorary, it has been very productive and exceptionally impor­tant. Many individuals have cause to thank him for his willing assistance. As a world-wide COID-

munity of rotiferologists, we owe Walter Koste our sincere appreciation for his tireless efforts. On behalf of all students of the Rotifera, those mem­bers of our community present at this symposium took time to honor or mentor after the evening meal on Wednesday.

This brief biographical sketch was arranged and translated by Ruth Laxhuber according to material provided by Walter Koste. A revision was done by Rosalind Pontin, with comments offered by R. L. Wallace.

RUTH LAXHUBER

Munich, Germany

xxvi

friends several times over and is a much beloved colleague, so much so that many refer to him as Uncle Walter, out of honor and respect.

Since Walter Koste first became interested in rotifer taxonomy, his work has been dedicated to confirming and spreading taxonomic knowledge. He has been, and still is, of very great help to scientists all over the world. His work has been a life-long passion, and we, his colleagues and friends, have been the better off for his efforts. While his work has been largely honorary, it has been very productive and exceptionally impor­tant. Many individuals have cause to thank him for his willing assistance. As a world-wide COID-

munity of rotiferologists, we owe Walter Koste our sincere appreciation for his tireless efforts. On behalf of all students of the Rotifera, those mem­bers of our community present at this symposium took time to honor or mentor after the evening meal on Wednesday.

This brief biographical sketch was arranged and translated by Ruth Laxhuber according to material provided by Walter Koste. A revision was done by Rosalind Pontin, with comments offered by R. L. Wallace.

RUTH LAXHUBER

Munich, Germany