Rooftop Solar Plant Installation of 25KW · PDF fileMr. Jyotish Kumar Patel* & Dr. Dharma Buddhi* *Dual Degree (B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering + M.Tech. Energy Engineering), Suresh

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)

Vol-3, Issue-2, 2017

ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 349

Rooftop Solar Plant Installation of 25KW

Mr. Jyotish Kumar Patel* & Dr. Dharma Buddhi* *Dual Degree (B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering + M.Tech. Energy Engineering), Suresh

Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Dist. Rajasthan, India

*Centre of Excellence, (M.Tech) Energy Research & Utilization, Suresh Gyan Vihar

University, Jaipur, India

Abstract : The solar cells are available in two forms depending on the nature of the material used for its production. The two main forms are crystalline solar cells and solar cells in thin layers. Lens solar cells until now have higher conversion efficiencies with regard to the photovoltaic cells and the main types are mono-crystalline and polycrystalline cells. The thin film solar cells, much less efficient than crystalline silicon offer greater promise for large-scale energy. Solar energy in India is linked to the rapid development of industry, with a total installed capacity of solar power network of 8,062 MW (8 GW) of 31 July 2016. In January 2015, the Government of India significantly expanded its floor plans, US $ 100 billion investment and 100 GW solar (40 GW sunroof ) started in 2022 the large scale use of solar orientation only in 2010, but the ambitious targets India would be to install more than double the global leaders of China and Germany in the late 2015 period. Lant generates the electricity rate <(less than) Rs.3 / unit compared to normal tables provide electricity at Rs. 10-15 / unit. ROI (return on investment) is 3 to 5 years, while the life of the solar power plant is more than 25 years. Therefore, the client will get the advantage of solar energy over 20 to 22 years. The government grant of 30% offered in India, which will lower floor of a relatively low cost. Tax income of the accelerated depreciation of 80% the first year and 20% next year CAPEX effectively reduce the cost of the plant in India.

1. Introduction 1.1 Sun as the main source of solar energy Energy in the form of chemicals from fossil fuel,

biomass energy is obtained from the degradation of

plants and animals, and water power is called

hydropower and solar energy can be obtained by

the falling sun sunlight on the solar panel, the sun

as a star and still five billion years. If we talk about

human point of view, it is an inexhaustible source

of energy. The virile energy divided into two

outside

(1) Renewable energy

(2) Non-renewable energy source.

The electricity industry in India had an installed

capacity of 305.55 GW to 31 August 2016

capacity.

Renewable energy plants constitute 28% of the

total installed capacity.

1.2 Photovoltaic an overview

1.2.1 Nature of semiconductor

Electrical energy is obtained by converting

electromagnetic radiation into electrical energy of

this phenomenon is essentially photovoltaic cell

and photovoltaic phenomenon has basically the

nature of the energy transformation. There are two

types of semiconductor

(1) Intrinsic semiconductor

(2) Extrinsic semiconductor.

In semiconductors pure intrinsic semiconductors

are extrinsic semiconductors present and the

impure semiconductor are present impure

semiconductor has .The N conductivity type and

contains negative charge carriers that is, free

electrons or p-type conductivity: for loading

support positive will say (holes) .If speaks of

silicon has a diamond structure and is 14 electrons

and electron energy covalent bond can form .The

required specific energy value of periodic motion

.These are the categories

(1) Energy permissible band

(2) The energy of the band gap

The group contains valance electron valence

electron level of energy in very low temperature .In

- sorted electron energy band cannot circulate the

energy level .The energy level between the band

valence band and the conduction is called level

Fermi.

Fig No. 1.1:-Energy level between bands

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When a photon strikes the electronic band interval

and then break the valence band and converting the

conduction band and the conduction band valance

.The partially moved to the Fermi level .The

electron in the conduction band for this reason

capable to carry electric current and the electron

current area left free valence band and electronic

switches to another level. The valence electron to

the different direction in different electric field

such that the field strength of the positively

charged particle called holes, the not equal. Holes

and electrons in semiconductor photon energy

intrinsic must be exceeding the band gap when the

electron-hole pair is generated.

Fig No. 1.2:-Fermi level and band banding in p

type and n type semiconductor

Photo means light and voltaic term means tension,

the principle of the photovoltaic cell based on the

photovoltaic effect, electricity generated by

sunlight.

1.2.2 Photovoltaic effects

In photovoltaic effect when sunlight or the incident

sunlight on the surface of the solar cell then the

energy observed by the valence band so excited

and try to jump the conduction band and the

electromotive force generated the energy transfer

what light into electrical energy. The scientist Sir

A.E Becquerel gave the idea about the photovoltaic

effect.

In the photovoltaic effect of the generation

of charge carriers due to photon

absorption semiconductor.

Division of charge between junctions.

The strike of solar radiation on the module PV

form of photons and the electric power

generated direct current dc current form that

can be used by UPS and stored by the battery

for use in appliances.

Fig No.1.3:-Solar electrical circuit

1.2.3 Function of photovoltaic cell

Photovoltaic cell has large area p-n junction .it

produce electricity from sunlight. Photovoltaic cell

is typically made of silicon, germanium type of

material, when these materials by sunlight heats

then produce a voltage at the junction.

1.2.4 Working of P-V cell

PV cellular material has an atom having a positive

charge and the electron has a negative charge

around the pair of electrons and holes to recombine

.When nuclease treated together .If the

phenomenon doping impurity is added or doping

.The finished more electrons in the outside of the

cell because this particle negatively charged

electron is free to move , the sun has both n-type

and p- type semi transfer connected conduction

electrons and the other n-type p-type because of

this difference in voltage developed by the union of

cells observed .When light , while the energy of the

electrons will flow down due to the natural

tendency and flow holes room for this reason will

develop matching circuit.

1.2.5 Separation of charge carrier

Two modes are available for separation of charge

carrier

(1) Drift

(2) Diffusion

1.2.6 Type of solar photovoltaic panel

There are three types of solar panel.

1. Mono Crystalline (Single Crystalline)

2. Polly Crystalline (Multi Crystalline)

3. Amorphous

Table No. 1:-Efficiency of solar module

Cell materials Module Efficiency

Mono crystalline silicon

materials

20%- 25%

Poly crystalline silicon

materials

13% -16%

Amorphous silicon

materials

5%-10%







2. Experimental materials and

method This project was carried out on top floor of

International Hindu School, Varanasi, Uttar

Pradesh. We took reading at different days and

different climate condition. In this project many

component is used to install the 25 KW roof top

solar power plants.

2.1 Component description

There is following component which was used

during project work

1. Solar PV modules

2. Mounting structure

3. Array junction box

4. Direct current distribution box

5. Inverter

6. Alternating current distribution box

7. Lightning Arrestors

8. Earthling kit

2.2 Experimental procedure A photovoltaic system on the roof or a photovoltaic

system on the roof is a photovoltaic system that

solar panels produce electricity mounted on the

roof of a building or a residential or commercial

structure. The different components of a system of

this type include photovoltaic modules, mounting

systems, cables and other electrical accessories

solar inverters.

Mounted roof systems are small compared to

photovoltaic plants mounted to the floor with

capacity of megawatt. Photovoltaic systems on the

roof of the overall residential buildings have a

capacity of about 5 to 20 kilowatts (kW), while

those in commercial buildings often reach 100

kilowatts or more.

Other considerations for the installation of

a solar system Although a solar photovoltaic system can produce

electricity through direct sunlight or scattered sun,

but it is very important to assess the amount of

light available where you are installing a solar

photovoltaic system. To collect sunlight to the

maximum the ideal orientation of a solar panel is

facing south. However, a 45 degrees east or west of

the south may also work.

The system should be placed in such a place that

there is no obstruction from trees or adjacent

buildings. In case you have not completed these

requirements, an expert should be hired to do a

detailed analysis of the available light

The roof capacity, where the solar panels will be

installed load must also be performed. Solar panel

structure normally 15 kg per square meter and the

roof must be able to support the load.

2.2.1. Open circuit voltage (voc):- Open circuit

voltage is the electrical potential difference

between two terminals of a device when it is

disconnected from any circuit. No external load

connected. No external electrical current flows

between the terminals. Sometimes the symbol is

given Voc. In this voltage network analysis is also

known that the venin voltage of.

Where

k = Boltzmann constant, T = temperature, and ISC

=short circuit current.

2.2.2. Short circuit current (Isc):- The short-

circuit current is the current through the solar cell

when the voltage across the solar cell is equal to

zero (when the solar cell is short-circuited).

Usually, it is written that the SAI, the short-circuit

current shown in curve IV below.

Fig No.2.1:- Current and Voltage Curve

2.2.3. Efficiency (η)

It is the ratio between the input power output power

to take off the battery and take power output and

maximum power point and the surface of the solar







cell as the input source. It depends on various cell

types. For the assessment of the effectiveness of the

module output power divided by the radiation and

the region.

Where

Pin = Radiation * panel area, Vm=maximum

voltage, Im= Maximum current

2.3 Factors affecting the roof area required The extension of the roof area required by a

photovoltaic solar plant depends on two factors

(1)Shade-free roof area

(2)Panel efficiency

(1)Shade-free roof area: - Used roof will not be

evaluated by the impact of the shadows throughout

the year to determine the extent of the area free of

shadows for the installation of a photovoltaic solar

plant on the roof. We insist on the roof area without

shade, like shadows affect the performance of

photovoltaic systems in two ways

Output: - When a shadow falls on a PV panel it

reduces the output from the plant.

Panel damage: - When a shadow falls on a part of

a panel, this part of the panel extends from a

controller in strength and begins heating. This part

of the panel and burn the whole panel must be

replaced. This will not be covered under warranty.

Therefore, it is essential to ensure that no shadow

falls on the photovoltaic system throughout the

year. Shadows falling on the ground can be.

Neighbouring Structures: -Buildings, signs, cell

phone towers, and even trees can cast a shadow on

the roof of a photovoltaic system. In many cities in

the world where residential and commercial

buildings have a number of buildings and other

neighbouring structures, shading analysis will be an

important consideration before estimating the

actual area available for sunroof appearance.

The PV plant itself: -A row of panels can cast a

shadow over the row behind them; further we move

from Ecuador, plus the shadow that is cast and the

amount of space needed between the rows of

panels

(2)Panel efficiency: -Panel footprint efficiency

influences on the roof because the efficiency is

calculated from the area occupied by the panel. A

simple way to understand the relationship between

the efficiency of the panel and roof space is

necessary to remember that a plant on the roof that

uses panels with a rating lower performance will

require more space on the roof of a factory that

uses panels with higher efficiency ratio.

The purpose for which the solar system is

desired

Feeding into the grid: -If the state allows solar

policy, its roof electricity can be supplied to the

network and received based payment to a Feed-in

Tariff- (FIT) or net metering.

Diesel substitution: - The plant will be integrated

with the diesel generator and the power grid to act

as a backup diesel generator and the power grid. In

addition, the investor must be able to switch

between sources. This solution can be quite

complex if multiple diesel generators are used.

Off-grid solution: - It is used in areas where the

electricity grid is absent; this solution requires an

investor outside the network.

Night-Time usage: -As solar energy is generated

during the day, energy storage solutions are

considered part of the roof of the factory.

2.4 Solar PV system sizing

Determine the energy consumption

requirements

The first step in designing a solar photovoltaic

system is to discover the power and total energy

consumption of all charges must be provided by

photovoltaic solar energy system as follows

(1) Total energy requirement / day (Wh) =

Wattage of

appliance x No. of appliance x Hours of

Working

(2) System size = Energy requirement x 1.3 /

Generation

(3) No. of panels = System size / Panel Rating







Table 4.10:- PV system sizing and area required

Panel efficiency Rooftop space require (SF) plant capacity

1 KW 2 KW 5 KW 10 KW

12.0% 125 250 625 1250

12.5% 120 240 600 1200

13.0% 115 231 577 1154

13.5% 111 222 566 1111

14.0% 107 214 536 1071

14.5% 103 207 517 1034

15.0% 100 200 500 1000

15.5% 97 194 484 968

16.0% 94 188 469 938

3. Observation table

Table No 3.1 Overall Power Generation in KWh on July

Date Generate Electricity (KWh)

1-Jul-16 52.21

2-Jul-16 45.72

3-Jul-16 34.72

4-Jul-16 57.48

5-Jul-16 68.33

6-Jul-16 69.76

7-Jul-16 52.35

8-Jul-16 64.16

9-Jul-16 58.73

10-Jul-16 62.55

11-Jul-16 47.22

12-Jul-16 24.04

13-Jul-16 40.9

14-Jul-16 29.35

15-Jul-16 14.28

16-Jul-16 19.89

17-Jul-16 24.66

18-Jul-16 61.39

19-Jul-16 56.16

20-Jul-16 61.91

21-Jul-16 57.15

22-Jul-16 48.71

23-Jul-16 27.7

24-Jul-16 20.14

25-Jul-16 30.63

26-Jul-16 33.77

27-Jul-16 29.84

28-Jul-16 47.27

29-Jul-16 57.69







30-Jul-16 46.47

31-Jul-16 38.15

TOTAL 1383.33

Graph No. 3.1 Variation in between Date and Generate Electricity (KWh)

Date Generate Electricity (KWh) Solar radiation on inclined solar panel (KW/m2)

1-Jul-16 52.21 4.32

2-Jul-16 45.72 4.14

3-Jul-16 34.72 4.28

4-Jul-16 57.48 4.73

5-Jul-16 68.33 4.45

6-Jul-16 69.76 4.17

7-Jul-16 52.35 4.31

8-Jul-16 64.16 4.79

9-Jul-16 58.73 4.76

10-Jul-16 62.55 5.51

11-Jul-16 47.22 5.18

12-Jul-16 24.04 3.15

13-Jul-16 40.9 4.93

14-Jul-16 29.35 3.18

15-Jul-16 14.28 3.52

16-Jul-16 19.89 3.39

17-Jul-16 24.66 3.47

18-Jul-16 61.39 4.31

19-Jul-16 56.16 4.81

20-Jul-16 61.91 5.28

52,21

45,72

34,72

57,48

68,33 69,76

52,35

64,16

58,73 62,55

47,22

24,04

40,9

29,35

14,28

19,89

24,66

61,39

56,16

61,91

57,15

48,71

27,7

20,14

30,63 33,77

29,84

47,27

57,69

46,47

38,15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Ge

ne

rate

Ele

ctri

city

(K

Wh

)

Date

Generate Electricity (KWh)







21-Jul-16 57.15 5.09

22-Jul-16 48.71 4.44

23-Jul-16 27.7 3.67

24-Jul-16 20.14 3.08

25-Jul-16 30.63 4.38

26-Jul-16 33.77 3.65

27-Jul-16 29.84 3.13

28-Jul-16 47.27 4.73

29-Jul-16 57.69 4.86

30-Jul-16 46.47 4.79

31-Jul-16 38.15 4.39

Average 44.62 4.28

Table No. – 3.2 Overall power generation in (KWh) and solar radiation on inclined solar panel (KW /m2)

on July

Graph No. 3.2:- Variation between Generate Electricity (KWh) and solar radiation on inclined solar

panel (KW/m2) on July

4. Result and discussion

4.1 Experimental data

Panel angle is 30o from azimuth

The DCMCB in the array junction box will be of

15 Amp, 1000 V DC

The wire from array junction box to inverter will be

of 16 square mm solar cable.

The AC wire shall be 3.5 core of 16 square mm.

A bi-directional meter before connecting the grid to

ACDB (Alternating current distribution box)

DCDB (Direct current distribution box) – 16 square

mm X 2

ACDB (Alternating current distribution box) – 16

square mm X 4

Neutral – 2.5 square mm X 1

Three wire positive (+ ve), negative (- ve), and

neutral wire from AJB (Array junction box) to

DCDB (Direct current distribution box).

52,21 45,72

34,72

57,48

68,33 69,76

52,35

64,16 58,73

62,55

47,22

24,04

40,9

29,35

14,28 19,89

24,66

61,39 56,16

61,91 57,15

48,71

27,7 20,14

30,63 33,77 29,84

47,27

57,69

46,47 38,15

4,32 4,14 4,28 4,73 4,45 4,17 4,31 4,79 4,76 5,51 5,18 3,15 4,93 3,18 3,52 3,39 3,47 4,31 4,81 5,28 5,09 4,44 3,67 3,08 4,38 3,65 3,13 4,73 4,86 4,79 4,39 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Ge

ne

rate

Ele

ctri

city

(K

Wh

)

Date

Variation between Generate Electricity (KWh) and Radiation

(KW/m2)

Generate Electricity (KWh) Radiation (KW/m2)







AC input from grid to inverter shall be RYBN.

Total area required 25 KW rooftop power plant is

2500 square feet.

Total number of panel used is 250 Wp X 100 no’s

4.2 Load of project site

Observed the data of electricity consumption from

august 2015 to July 2016.

Electricity consumption

Annual electricity consumption is 131144 KWh.

The total off peak electricity consumption is

114020 KWh and the total electricity consumption

is 29124 KWh. Average electricity monthly

consumption including off peak and peak is

10928.66 KWh.

Monthly electricity consumption

Using data from the monthly electricity bill is

determined by the monthly and annual energy

consumption average. Increasingly possible show

the peak energy consumption and peak hours.

Where, Peak-hour: peak hour is from 6pm to 11pm

and Off-peak hour: off-peak hour is from 12am to

5pm.

The data of monthly average peak and off peak

electricity consumption is given below in table

Table No. 4.1:- Monthly electricity consumption in off peak and peak hour

Month Off peak consumption (kWh) Peak consumption (kWh)

August,2015 10944 1976

September,2015 11096 1976

October,2015 10000 4500

November,2015 9576 4104

December,2015 5928 3040

January,2016 7448 2128

February,2016 7600 1520

March,2016 9576 1976

April,2016 9120 1976

May,2016 10388 2128

June,2016 11704 1976

July,2016 10640 1824

Average 9501.66 2427

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Au

gust

,2015

Sep

tem

ber

,20

15

Oct

ob

er,2

01

5

Nov

emb

er,2

01

5

Dec

ember

,20

15

Jan

uar

y,2

016

Feb

ruar

y,2

016

Mar

ch,2

016

Ap

ril,

20

16

May

,20

16

June,

20

16

July

,201

6

Off peak consumption

(kWh)

Peak consumption

(kWh)







Graph No.4.1:- Monthly electricity consumption in off peak and peak hour.

From the graph we can see that the month of June has the highest energy consumption and -peak October is the

peak power consumption.

Table No 4.2:- Total monthly electricity consumption

Month Energy consumption(KWh)

August,2015 12920

September,2015 13072

October,2015 14500

November,2015 13680

December,2015 8968

January,2016 9576

February,2016 9120

March,2016 11552

April,2016 11096

May,2016 12516

June,2016 13680

July,2016 12464

Total 143144

Graph No. 4.2:- Monthly electricity consumption

From the graph we can see that the month of October has the highest electricity consumption and the month of

June has the lowest electricity consumption.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Energy consumption(Kwh)

Energy consumption(Kwh)







Table No. 4.3:- Possible impact of the SPV (Simulated)

Month

Radiatio

n/KWh

Monthly

average

Simulated

(KWh)

Electricity

Consumption

(KWh)

Electricity

Amount (Rs.)

Simulated

Impact (KWh)

Amount

Simulated

(Rs.)

Saving

(Rs.)

Jan-15 4.38

4.38*25*3

1 3394.5 9576 75929.2 6181.5 48942.92 26986.28

Feb-15 4.76

4.76*25*2

8 3332 9120 72304 5788 45814.6 26490

Mar-15 4.87

4.87*25*3

1 3774.25 11552 91638.4 7777.75 61633.12 30005.28

Apr-15 4.54

4.54*25*3

0 3405 11096 84984.4 7691 60943.45 24040.95

May-

15 4.27

4.27*25*3

1 3309.25 12516 99302.2 9206.75 72993.67 26308.53

Jun-15 3.78

3.78*25*3

0 2835 13680 108556 10845 86017.75 22538.25

Jul-15 3.32

3.32*25*3

1 2573 12464 98888.8 9891 78433.45 20455.35

Aug-15 3.35

3.35*25*3

1 2596.25 12920 102514 10323.75 81873.81 20640.19

Sep-15 3.98

3.98*25*3

0 2985 13072 103722.4 10087 79991.65 23730.75

Oct-15 4.43

4.43*25*3

1 3433.25 14500 115075 11066.75 87780.67 27294.33

Nov-15 4.36

4.36*25*3

0 3270 13680 108556 10410 82559.5 25996.5

Dec-15 4.21

4.21*25*3

1 3262.75 8968 71095 5705.25 45156.74 25938.26

Average

= 4.18

Total =

38170

Total =

143144

Total =

1132565.4

Total =

104973.25

Total =

832141.33

Total =

300424.67

4.3 Design and load calculation of the project

Fig No. 4.1: - The diagram shows the solar panels are connected to inverters, the current of the inverter

will be supplied to the bus bar, then to the load.

Load

Bus bar

Inverter

Solar panel







4.3.1 Load calculation

Rated Voltage (Vmp) = 30.95 V

Rated Current (Imp) = 8.17 A

Total Voltage = 20 * 30.95

= 619 V

Total Current = 5 * 8.17

= 40.85 A

4.4 Capacity utilization factor (C.U.F.)

CUF = Actual energy from the plant (KWh) / Plant capacity (KWp) * 24 * 365

= 38170 KWh / 25w * 24 * 365

= 0.1742

CUF % = 17.42 %

4.5 Techno economics

Table No. 4.4:- Bill of Quantity (BOQ) 25KW ROOFTOP PROJECT

BOQ 25KW -ROOF TOP PROJECT

S.No. Item Technical Description Make Unit Qty

A DC Side

1 Solar Modules

Poly Crystalline 250Wp Modules, IEC 61215/IS14286,IEC-61730 Part-1st for

construction and Part-2nd for testing/saftyIEC-61701/IS 61701,ISO 9001/ISO

14001,With inbuilt bypass diode Frame should be Al anodize, power tolerance of

+/-3%,Vmp and Imp shall not vary more than 2%, With junction box arrangement

having in build bypass diode, weather proof,IP-65,with RFID tag. Material

warranty up to 5year and performance warranty 25 year.

EMMVEE Nos. 100

2 MC4 Connector 1000VDV,15AMP,MC4 Pair(4mm sqr/6mm sqr)

Pairs 8

3 Module Mounting Structures ‐ Hot rolled, Tilt solar Array structure should be HDG, with 1000 gm/sq meter

mass coating, Design based on wind speed zone wise (150KM/Hr- Delhi),

certified from recognized Lab, structure material as per IS 2062:1992 and

galvanization as per IS 4759, shall be corrosion free, fasteners should be SS type,

load of structure on the terrace should be less than 60kg/sq m.

Nos.

B LT CABLES

5 2Rx1C X 4 sq mm -CU cable

IS-7098 Part-1,Temp range:- 10Deg C to +120Deg Celsius, voltage range-

1.1KV,excellent resistance to heat, cold, water, oil, abrasion, UV radiation,

flexible and armored shall be PVC/FRLS compound formulated for outdoor.

FRLS cables for underground area. Life of cable-more than 25 year. Cable should

be annealed height conduction copper conductor with XLPE insulation, UV

protected .PVC/XLPE having working voltage- 1100V,UV resistant for outdoor

installation IS/IEC 69947,For AC/DC cables Voltage drop= 2% limited

Poly Cab Meters 400

6

1Rx3.5C X 35 sq mm -CU ,Flexible cable

IS-7098 Part-1,Temp range:- 10Deg C to +120Deg Celsius, voltage range-


flexible .shall be PVC/FRLS compound formulated for outdoor. FRLS cables for

underground area. Life of cable-more than 25 year. Cable should be annealed

height conduction copper conductor with XLPE insulation, UV protected for

underground.PVC/XLPE having working voltage- 1100V,UV resistant for

outdoor installation IS/IEC 69947,For AC/DC cables Voltage drop= 2% limited

Poly Cab Meters 25

1R*1C*35Sqmm Cu Flexible for PE Poly Cab Meters 8

7 1Rx3.5C*150Sqmm*AL,XLPE,ARMOURED,

CABLE

IS-7098 Part-1,Temp range:- 10Deg C to +120Deg Celsius, Voltage range-


flexible and armored shall be PVC/FRLS compound formulated for outdoor.

FRLS cables for underground area. Life of cable-more than 25 year. Cable should

be AL conductor with XLPE insulation UV protected armored for

Poly Cab Meters 15







1Rx3.5C*185Sqmm*AL,XLPE,ARMOURED,

CABLE

underground.PVC/XLPE having working voltage- 1100V,UV resistant for

outdoor installation IS/IEC 69947,For AC/DC cables Voltage drop= 2% limited Poly Cab Meters 15

D OTHER

9 Cable Lugs - 4 Sq mm Copper coated, Ring Type Dowels Nos. 15

10 Cable Lugs - 35 Sq mm Copper coated, Ring Type Dowels Nos. 4

11 Cable Lugs - 150Sq mm AL coated, Ring Type Dowels Nos. 8

12 Cable Lugs - 185Sq mm AL coated, Ring Type Dowels Nos. 8

13 HDPE 25Sqmm

HDPE Pipes

Beria (UV

Protected)

Meters 250

L-JOINT Nos. 50

T-JOINT Nos. 25

LONG BAND Nos. 25

STRAIGHT JOINT Nos. 20

4-SIDDER JOINT Nos. 20

Saddle Nos. 375

14 Flexible Pipe 25Sqmm

Meters 50

15 Cable Ties Nylon 66 UL94V-2, 4.2 X 300mm Thickness(100 Nos. in one packet)

Packets 5

16 Ferrules 0 to 9 (Each letter is hundred in one packet)

Packets 5

a to z (Each letter is hundred in one packet)

Packets 5

17 Danger Board Size :- 8"x6"(Inch)

Nos. 1

18 Fire Extinguisher 4KG

Nos. 3

19 Buckets with stand Soiled buckets

Nos. 3

20 Radium sticker for marking at Inverter / LT

panel/Cable

Inverter-Red

Nos. 2

ACDB-Green

Nos. 1

Cable-Yellow

Nos. 15

21 Inverter canopy Will decide as per location and size or area available

Nos. 2

22 Inverter Stand Will decide as per location and size or area available

Nos. 2

E INVERTER

1 Grid Inverter -25KW

House MPPT,DG set interactive, output should compatible with grid frequency

IGBT/MOSFET,Microprodessor,DSP,415V,3-Phase,50Hz +/-3%,Ambient tem -

20 deck to +50Deg,Humidity 95%, Protection IP-20 for indoor and IP-65

outdoor, grid voltage tolerance -20% to +15%, No load losses lees then 1% of

rated power, efficiency 93% or above, THD less then 3%,P.F more than 0.9,fully

automatic having internal protections against any fault in feeder Built-in meter

and data logger to monitor plant, inverter design as per IEC/BIS standard for

efficiency and environmental tests as per IEC 61683/IS 61683 and IEC 60068-2

(1,2,14,30).MPPT as per IEC 60068-2(1,2,14,30)/Disjunction box should be IP-

65 for outdoor and IP 55 for indoor as per IEC 529.Inverter should be grid as well

as DG integrated.

delta Nos. 1

2 Scads

Portal from SMA Separate for each plat, provision for plant control/monitoring,

time and data stamped, high quality analysis, metering and instrumentation for

display of system parameter, to measure solar radiation by integrating

pyranometer (Class II or better)with sensor mounted, temperature indicating. It

should be display AC voltage/AC output current/power/P.F/DC input

voltage/Current/Time activity/disabled/time idle/power production. Protection

function limit (AC over voltage AC under voltage, over frequency, under

frequency, ground fault PV starting voltage PV stopping voltage, over current,

short circuit etc digital display to see parameters logging facility DC string/Array

monitoring AC output monitoring time interval not more than 15 Minute, real

time clock, battery backup up to 2 hours, compute data in excel format,

instantaneous data shown on computer screen, provision for intern ate monitoring

also centralize internet monitoring.

delta Nos. 1

3 Communication Cable Mob’s RTU over RS 485 Physical layer

Meters 25

F AC Side

1 ACDB Panel With MCCB protections/SPD

along with stand.

(ACDB control AC power from PCU having surge arrestor. All

switched/CB/connectors as per IEC 60947, part I, II, III/ IS 60947 part I, II and

III. Panel shall be metal clad, enclosed rigid, floor mounted, air insulated, cubical

type and to support to 415 Volts,50Hz.Desing for ambient temperature of 45

degree Celsius,80% humidity and dusty weather,IP-65,Volage +/-10% and

frequency +/-3% vary.

Nos. 1

H Protections

1 Earthling as per IS: 3043-1987. GI Strip 25X3 mm

Meters 150







2 GI Electrode Rod with Chemical Bag-3Mtr Long,50MM Dia.

Nos. 2

3 Lighting Arrestor as per IEC 62305 Lightning Rods with 2 Meter Length to cover approx 100mtr radius

Nos. 1

4 Earthling Chamber-GI 300*300m*5

Nos. 2

5 GI Saddle to hold earth strip 25*1MM (For holding 25*3GI Earthling strip)

Nos. 54

6 Screw M8*35mm(100Nos in one packet)

Packets 2

7 Nut/Bolt/Washer M8*40MM(To joint earth strip)

Set 20

I Metering

1 Solar meter Unidirectional electronic energy meter (0.5 classes) for the measurement of

Export of energy. Equipped with CT, for LT at 415 +/-20%Vac,400/5AMP Ester Set 1

2 Solar meter Unidirectional electronic energy meter (0.5 classes) for the measurement of

Export of energy. Equipped with CT, for LT at 415 +/-20%Vac,250/5AMP Ester Set 1

4.6 Cost Estimation Table No. 4.5:- Cost estimation of plant

S No. DESCRIPTION AMOUNT (Rs)

1 Solar PV module 950000

2 Mounting structure 150000

3 Array junction box 8000

4 DCDB 12000

5 Inverter 280000

6 ACDB 16000

7 Lightning arrestor 18000

8 Earthling 17000

9 Cable and hardware 40000

10 Other cost 109000

11 Total 1600000

4.7 Payback period of plant Payback period = Total cost of plant / Annual saving

Where,

Total cost of plant = Rs. 1600000

Annual saving = Rs. 300424.67

Payback period = 1600000 / 300424.67

= 5.32 Year. 5. Conclusion

How reasonable use of green energy and maintain

sustainable development is the most important

challenge for use. As huge source of green energy

produced by the sun, the photovoltaic industry will

win the best opportunity to grow. We you must

seize the opportunity to build the best energy

friendly factory PV environment, and better

welcome morning.

We studied how to establish the design of solar

installations and computing power production, the

basis on which to find recommendation techniques

and optimization of photovoltaic power cost of

solar energy.

For the development of green and sustainable

development of photovoltaic power solar energy to

reduce the burden of cost of electricity

My thesis presented detailed system technology of

photovoltaic solar energy with the physics of solar

cell devices and their principle of operation, the

efficiency of the solar cell and sources of losses at

how to mitigate losses.

PV GRID is composed of two areas: firstly, the

ongoing evaluation of national development

frameworks photovoltaic systems, and secondly,

the project focuses on the relationship between







certain legal, regulatory and policy frameworks and

available technical solutions identified to increase

the distribution of accommodation capacity. The

second area of activity largely due to the fact that

the predecessor GRID PV project PV Legal, who

had already assessed the national PV development

frameworks and procedures and focus on the

obstacles arising from legal and administrative

actions identified related grid obstacles that one of

the main groups of barriers to the development of

PV. For this reason, the PV GRID focused on the

improving the accommodation capacity of PV in

distribution networks while overcoming regulatory

barriers and regulations that hinder application of

technical solutions available.

6. References

MNRE. “Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM): Towards building a

Solar India.”

http://www.mnre.gov.in/fileanager/UserFi

les/mission_document_JNNSM.pdf.

Accessed 20 Apr 2014 Engelmeier,T, Anand,M, Khurana,J,

Goel,P and Loond,T, “Rooftop Revolution: Unleashing Delhi's Solar

Potential”, Greenpeace India, New Delhi, 2013.

First Green Consulting Pvt Ltd, “Rooftop Solar Markets: Policy trends and issues”, New Delhi, 2014.

http://www.firstgreen.co/wp-

content/uploads/2014/02/Rooftop-Solar-

Markets.pdf . Accessed 21 Jun 2014 Indian Power Sector, “New Project

Sanctions under the MNRE Subsidy

Scheme Unlikely This Year”, 2013. http://indianpowersector.com/home/2013/

08/new- project-sanctions-under-the-

mnre-subsidy-scheme-unlikely-this-year/

Accessed 10 Jun 2014. DERC, “Proposal on net metering &

connectivity in respect of rooftop solar PV

projects”, 2013. http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/

files/file/DERC%20Net%20Metering%20

Proposal.pdf . Accessed 10 Feb 2014. Rohit Pandey, Dr. M.K Gaur, Dr. C.S.

Malvi. 2012. “Estimation of cost analysis for 4 kW grids connected solar

photovoltaic plant”. IJMER, vol.2, Maxis Power Solutions, “ Capital cost of

solar system”, 2014. http://www.maxisindia.com/2_5kWp-solar

system/117/22 . Accessed 29 July 2014. Solar Energy Centre, “Solar Radiation

Handbook”, MNRE and Indian Metrological Department, New Delhi,

2008.

http://www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/

files/srd-sec.pdf . Accessed 10 June 2014. Bridge to India, “ India Solar Handbook”,

New Delhi, 2014. G.D.Rai, Solar Energy Utilization, 5

th

Edition, Khanna Publishers. Renewable

Energy Akshay Urja Vol. 3 Issue 1, Jan-

Feb, 2007. S. Hasan Saeed & D.K. Sharma, Non-

Conventional Energy Resources, 1st

Edition. A Guide to Grid-Connected Photovoltaic

Systems prepared by Cape & Islands Self-

Reliance.



http://www.mnre.gov.in/fileanager/UserFiles/mission_document_JNNSM.pdf.%20Accessed%2020%20Apr%202014



http://indianpowersector.com/home/2013/08/new-%20project-sanctions-under-the-mnre-subsidy-scheme-unlikely-this-year/%20Accessed%2010%20Jun%202014




http://www.maxisindia.com/2_5kWp-solar

Documents

Rooftop Solar Plant Installation of 25KW · PDF fileMr. Jyotish Kumar Patel* & Dr. Dharma Buddhi* *Dual Degree (B.Tech. Mechanical Engineering + M.Tech. Energy Engineering), Suresh