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William Shakespeare
Born April 26th, 1564 in Stratford-on-Avon, England
Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613
Wrote 38 plays 154 sonnets 2 poems
Globe Theatre 3 story wooden structure with an open air courtyard in the center
The groundlings, or the pit, refers to the poorer audience members.
Poor would pay one penny (which was almost an entire day's wage) to stand in front of the stage.
Held 3,000 people
**THIS PART NOT IN NOTES: Audience cheered, booed, and threw rotten vegetables
Had no curtains, no lighting, and little scenery
Sound effects let the audience know where a scene took place
NO Women
In Shakespeare’s day, no women belonged to acting companies
Boys played female roles
Juliet was played by a boy!
Internal structure of Elizabethan theaters
Tiring house
gallery
The “pit” & groundlings
stage
“heaven”
Part 2: Characteristics of Shakespearean Tragedy
A tragedy is a drama that ends in a catastrophe-most often death- for the main characters
Shakespearean tragedies:Comic elements that counter the seriousness
of the plot
Characters
Tragic hero is the protagonist, or main character, who is usually the “good guy”
Usually falls or dies because of a character flaw or a cruel twist of fate
Often has a high rank or status
Antagonist
Antagonist works against the protagonist
Can be a character, a group of characters, or something non human like society or nature
Foil
Foil is a character whose personality and attitude contrast with another character
Example: a shy character can make a talkative character seem even chattier
Dramatic Elements
SoliloquySpeech given by a character alone on
stageLets the audience know what the
character is thinking or feeling
Aside
A character’s remark, either to the audience or to another character that others on stage do not hear
Reveals the character’s private thoughts
Dramatic Irony
Dramatic irony is when the audience knows more than the character and helps build suspense. Example
Horror movies!
Part 3: Language
AllusionsReference to something that the
audience should knowBiblical Greek Mythology
Pun
Puns are jokes that result from mulitple word meanings or rhyming sounds.
Example: Our social studies teacher says that her
globe means the world to her.
Shakespeare contributed more words, phrases, and expressions to the English than any other writer
Assassination Bump Lonely “For goodness sake” “Laughingstock”
Lack of Personal and Public Hygiene
Neither rich nor poor bathed very often
Common to have bad breath, rotting teeth, constant stomach disorders, and scabs or sores
SchoolsWere expensive, so most
students were upper class boys.
Only girls were from the very high aristocracy
School Day: 6 a.m. to 11 a.m. and 1 p.m. to 6 p.m. Six days a week!
PollutionCity ditches were
used as toiletsButchers threw dead
carcasses in the street
Garbage was thrown in river
Mass graves for the poor
DeathAverage life expectancy = 40
years1/5 of children died before
the age of 10—too many hazards in their life
Entertainment Would be considered
brutal by today’s standards:
1. Bear baiting2. Cockfighting 3. Public executions
Part 5: Romeo and Juliet Setting
Romeo and Juliet takes places during the 14th century (1300’s) in Verona, Italy.