Rome vs. Carthage

� Fought Over the island of Sicily

� Rome:

� Economy based on

agriculture

� Citizen land army

� Carthage:

� Economy Based on Trade

� Sea Power (Triremes)

� An Army of Mercenaries

� Excellent General Hamilcar

Barca

� Rome must defeat

Carthage at sea to

insure victory

� Turn sea battles into

land battles

� Romans Invent the

Corvus

� Rome gains Sicily

� Carthage must disband military navy� Carthage forced to pay war reparations

� Rome Seizes Sicily and Sardinia

� Carthage is burning for Revenge

� Carthage develops territories in Spain to

replace their losses and pay their war debt

� Attack Rome in Italy

� Seek Outside Alliances

� Syracuse

� Gallic tribes

� Pillip V of Macedon

� Break Rome’s Italian

allies away from them

� Destroy Roman armies

in great battles

� Hannibal used strategy to choose the

locations for battle� Lured Roman Armies into ambushes and

terrain where they couldn’t deploy properly

� Used the speed and mobility of light cavalry

to flank and surround the Roman Armies

� Used psychology against his opponents

� Tricked Romans into

crossing a river

� Concealed 2,000

cavalry with his

brother Mago

� Killed about 15,000

Romans

� Lured Roman army

into an ambush along

the lake

� Romans were trapped

and couldn’t get into

formation

� 30,000 Roman dead

� Used Numidian cavalry

to envelope Romans

� Destroyed the Roman

Army

� 50-70,000 Roman

casualties

� Marcellus Conquers

Syracuse (Archimedes

killed) 211 B.C.

� Scipios fight

successfully in Spain

� Hasdrubal defeated at

Metaurus River 207

B.C.

� Peace with Macedon in

205 B.C.

� Scipio Africanus allies with Numidia

� InvadesCarthage� Hannibal recalled to

defend Carthage� Defeat Hannibal at

battle of Zama 202 B.C.

� Carthage surrenders; Hannibal flees to Seleucid Empire

� Rome dominates the Western Mediterranean

� Rome gains Spain as territory� Carthage reduced to a city-state

� Occupied after 3rd Punic War 149-146

� Romans looking for payback against Macedon