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Rome
Myths and Legends
Romulus and Remus 6:20
Roman Republic• Voters elect representatives• In Rome it was based on tradition, not a written
constitution• SENATE – council of representatives made up
of patricians• CONSULS – 2 senators, one year term,
proposed laws, led army, one had veto power over the other, most important officials
• MAGISTRATES – government officials, included consuls, praetors (judiciary), aediles (supervised marketplace), questors (financial officers), censors (counted the population every 5 years). Most terms were one year
• TRIBUNES – plebeian elected council
Roman Republic Society• PATRICIANS – descendants of founding
families of Rome, upper class, ran the government
• PLEBEIANS – commoners, controlled tribal assemblies, made up the military
• Plebeians demanded more rights from patricians and in 451bc forced patricians to publish the first written code of Roman Law: the Twelve Tables
• Patricians and plebeians owned slaves• Women gained rights and independence,
eventually took part in government and owned property
• Religion borrowed from Greeks: Jupiter (Zeus), Juno (Hera), Minerva (Athena)
Punic Wars of the Republic• 265bc Rome controlled most of Italy while Carthage controlled the Western Mediterranean• “Punic” comes from the Latin word for Carthage• 264-241bc 1st Punic War: Romans won, gaining control of Sicily• 218-202bc 2nd Punic War: Hannibal (C) entered Gaul wanting to conquer Rome; Battle of Cannae (216bc) Romans lost so decided to invade
Carthage; Battle of Zama (202bc) Scipio (R) defeated Hannibal
• 149-146bc 3rd Punic War: Rome destroyed Carthage and took its territory; Rome also conquered Greece at this time
• FINAL RESULT: Rome controls all of the Mediterranean
Cupid and Psyche 7:32
Roman Empire• Established in 31bc by first emperor, Augustus• All emperors took the title, caesar• Caesars controlled the army, supervised provincial
governors, took direct control of troubled provinces• The Senate advised the caesar, maintained the
treasury, and oversaw the peaceful provinces• No laws said who the next caesar would be making
the job of caesar a dangerous one• A series of roads connected the provinces to the
city of Rome helping trade and the movement of troops
• The Roman army was organized into legions, highly organized and efficient groups of 80-100 soldiers lead by an officer called a centurion
Christianity Jesus• As a Jew in Judaea, his family was allowed to worship freely• Herod the Great was ruler of the province at the time of his birth in city of Bethlehem • ad6 – Judaea officially becomes Roman and Roman laws are
strictly enforced• Taught Jewish ideas of “one God” and laws like the Ten
Commandments• Called himself the “Son of God” or Messiah (Hebrew: “anointed
one”) later called Christ (Greek: “anointed one”)• ad30 Roman Governor Pontius Pilate sentences him to death
by crucifixion at the urging of outraged Jews who disagreed with his teachings
Christianity Christians• First followers: Jesus' 12 apostles• Spread first through Greek part of Roman world, taking on
Greek name for messiah, Christos• Followers became known as Christians• Met in private homes, renounced evils though baptism,
assembled on Sunday to celebrate the Eucharist (Last Supper)• Persecuted by Romans and Jews, murdered Christians
became martyrs• Church hierarchy developed: Patriarch Bishop priest;
lead by men• Teachings based on Hebrew scriptures and letters written by
the apostles to early Christians• Became official religion of Roman Empire in ad380 by
Theodosius I
Romance Languages: Languages based on Latin
Fall of Rome: Barbarian Invasions