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ROMAN EMPIRE By: Gabe Sander and Jordan Stack

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THE RISE OF ROME: ETRUSCANS Rome is believed to be founded in 753 B.C.E by Romulus Etruscan civilization dominates regions with Etruscan kings ruling Rome. In 509 B.C.E the Etruscan kings were overthrown and Roman Republic was established.

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THE RISE OF ROME: THE REPUBLIC Government: I. Had many branches and levels II. Two consuls were head, unless in war a Dictator was appointed III. Senate, at first was made up of aristocrats, but then became elected officials.

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THE RISE OF ROME: FALL OF THE REPUBLIC Caesar crosses the Rubicon- 49 B.C.E Caesar is murdered by the Roman Senate- 44B.C.E Gaius Octavian named Augustus and is officially the first Emperor of Rome- 27 B.C.E

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TIME Augusta becomes first emperor of Rome in 27 B.C.E Diocletian splits the empire in two- 284 C.E Julius Nepos, the last emperor dies- 480 C.E

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LOCATION Stretched from what is now Spain to Mesopotamia, most of Great Britain and Northern Africa Consists of 2.2 million square miles Engulfed the Mediterranean Sea

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CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT Emperor ruled from Rome Senate was pretty much a club for rich aristocrats

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LEGAL SYSTEMS AND BUREAUCRACIES Rome was split into three types of Provinces: I. Provinces with at least one legion ruled by Senatorial Governor II. Provinces that were difficult but did not require full legion were ruled by Equestrians Governors III. The Egyptian province was its own case as it was the personal property of the Emperor

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FORTIFICATIONS, WALLS, AND ROADS Roads: Built to move military units around, 8 to 40 feet wide Forts: Strategic Point, hold 800 men Wall: Hadrians Wall, 73 miles long, 3.6 meters tall. 8 feet wide.

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NEW GROUPS OF MILITARY Soldiers were Roman Citizens Came form all over the empire Citizen Legions were drawn from non- citizens or conquered people

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TRADE Infrastructure: I. Sea routes covered the Mediterranean and Black Seas II. Roman roads covered the empire helping trade III. Most important port was Ostia as it was the nearest major port to Rome

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TRADE Currency: I. First traded goods II. Then lumps of metal, know as aes rude, that had to be weighed III. 269 B.C.E silver coins were introduced NameMetalValues asbronze-- dupondiusbronze or copper2 asses sestertiusmetal alloy4 asses or 2 dupondii denariussilver alloy 16 asses, 8 dupondii or 4 sestertii aureusgold 400 asses, 200 dupondii, 100 sestertii or 25 denarii

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CITIES Rome center of religion and political power Rome was home of the Emperor who was head of government and Pontifex Maximus Rome and Ostia were large centers of trade

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SLAVERY Worked on farms, as laborers, carpenters, and blacksmiths Managed shops when owners left Some treated like children of their owners

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FAMILY LIFE Punished if not married by 15-16 No public schools, children went private schools, if they went at all Rich people usually lived in a town house called a domus. Many of them also had a country house called a villa. But most people living in towns and cities rented an apartment called a cenaculum

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THE FALL OF ROME: INTERIOR Inflation: Less gold was being brought in from conquest so less coins were gold making them less valuable Military Spending: Large sums of money when spent to hold off Barbarians Civil War: Allowed Barbarians to come into Italy

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THE FALL OF ROME: EXTERIOR Barbarians: I. Conquest of new territories on the border of the old territory II. Adoption of agriculture in order to feed more people from the existing territory III. Clearance of forest to provide more pasture for the tribal livestock

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CITATION Castles. N.p., n.d. Google. Web. 7 Sept. 2011.. Heaton, Chris. UNRV History. Ed. Chris Heaton. N.p., n.d. Google. Web. 3 Sept. 2011.. History Learning Cite. Ask.com, n.d. Google. Web. 11 Sept. 2011.. Images of a Roman Fort Along the Danube. Web. 11 Sept. 2011.. Mediterranean Powers 800-600 B.C.. Map.. Google. Web. 6 Sept. 2011.. "Provinces of the Roman Empire." Map. UNRV History. Google. Web. 3 Sept. 2011.. Scaruffi, Peiro. "A Timeline of the Roman Empire." Piero Scaruffi's Knowledge Base. 1999. Web. 06 Sept. 2011.. "Slavery In Ancient Rome." Slavery In Ancient Rome. Rich East High School, 21 Mar. 2000. Web. 11 Sept. 2011.. Taylor, Tim. Roman Roads. Google. Web. 7 Sept. 2011..

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CITATIONS- CONT. The Roman Army Page. N.p., 7 Oct. 2002. Google. Web. 11 Sept. 2011. http://members.tripod.com/s_van_dorst/legio.html. http://members.tripod.com/s_van_dorst/legio.html Walsh, J. "Roman Currency." Mores. N.p., 2001. Google. Web. 8 Sept. 2011. Watkins, Thayer. "The Economic History of the Western Roman Empire: The Invasion of the Western Roman Empire by Barbarian Tribes." San Jos State University - Powering Silicon Valley. Web. 11 Sept. 2011... Zweifel, Chris. Hadrian's Wall. 2002. Google. Web. 11 Sept. 2011..