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ROLE OF THE MILITARY IN AID OF

CIVIL POWER

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• TO DEFEND

PAKISTAN_ORIGIONAL

• TO ACT IN AID OF CIVIL POWER-CONSTITUTIONAL

ROLES OF THE MILITARY

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TASKS IN AID OF CIVIL POWER

• INTERNAL SECURITY

• DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• NATION BUILDING

• MISCELLANEOUS

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INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATIONS

• 1953 ML IN LAHORE IN WAKE OF ANTI – AHMEDIYA RIOTS

• 1971. COUNTER INSURGENCY OPERATIONS IN EAST PAK

• 1973-77. MILITARY OPERATION LAUNCHED BY PM BHUTTO IN BALUCHISTAN, AFTER DISMISSING MR. MENGAL’S GOVT

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• 1992-3. “OPERATION CLEAN UP” ORDERED BY PM NAWAZ SHARIF AGAINST KIDNAPPERS, CAR THIEVES, DAKOOS & TERRORISTS IN SINDH

• PRESENT TIMES. ONGOING OPERATIONS IN FATA & SWAT

INTERNAL SECURITY OPERATIONS (Contd…)

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DISASTER MANAGEMEMENT

• REFUGEE INFLUX DURING PARTITION

• FLOODS ALMOST EVERY YEAR, ESPECIALLY 1950, 1954, 1955, 1970, 1977, 1992 & 1994,2010

• EARTHQUAKES 2003 & 2005

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NATION BUILDING • 1958-1968 INDUS RIVER ROAD

PROJECT, Linking Gilgit With The Rest of Pakistan

• 1960& 2010. CRASH DRAINAGE PLAN TO RECLAIM WATER LOGGED LAND Near Ghulam Muhammad Barrage

• 1961-1963. CONSTRUCTION OF WALI

TANGI, SRA KHULA & KACH DAMS In Baluchistan

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NATION BUILDING (Contd) • 1967-1978. CREATION OF FWO To

Construct KKH, Linking Pakistan With China

• 1976. CREATION OF SCO To Provide Telecomms In NA & AJK

• 1978. CREATION OF NLC To Clear Serious Congestion Of Goods At Karachi Port

• 1991-1995. MANAGEMENT OF SCARP PROJECT In Rahimyar Khan

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MISCELLANEOUS • 1952-3 “OPERATION JUTE” To Stop

Its Smuggling To India

• 1956 ANTI - HOARDING & FOOD DISTRIBUTION DUTIES In East Pak

• 1957 ANTI - SMUGGLING OPERATIONS To Rescue The Economy Of East Pak

• 1962. “OPERATION WILD BOAR” To Deal With This Menace In 21 Districts Of Punjab

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MISCELLANEOUS (Contd…) • 1992 FLOODS. PREPARATION OF INDIVIDUAL

DAMAGE CLAIMS & DISTRIBUTION OF COMPENSATION FUNDS (Mr. NAWAZ SHARIF)

• 1995. DOCUMENTATION OF THE ECONOMY (Ms. BENAZIR)

• 1997. SURVEY OF GHOST SCHOOLS (Mr. SHAHBAZ SHARIF)

• 1998. READING OF ELECTRICITY METRES & TAKEOVER OF WAPDA (Mr. NAWAZ SHARIF)

• 1998. RENOVATION OF THE ROADS OF LAHORE BY FWO (Mr. SHAHBAZ SHARIF)

• 1999. BHAL SAFAI (Mr. SHABAZ SHARIF)• Census, Polio Drive

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MILITARY AND

POLITICS

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UNDESIREABLE AND

UNCONSTITUTIONAL

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ROLE OF POLITICIANS

• DISLIKE BEING OUT OF POWER

• DESIRE TO “USE” THE MILITARY FOR THEIR OWN PURPOSES

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ROLE OF POLITICIANS (Contd…) • 1954. APPOINTMENT OF ARMY CHIEF AS DEF MIN

In The Wake Of Dissolution Of The Constituent Assembly & “Doctrine Of Necessity”

• 1958. PRESIDENT ISKANDAR MIRZA’S ORDER TO THE ARMY TO IMPOSE ML On His Behalf

• 1971. Mr. BHUTTO’S SUPPORT OF MILITARY ACTION IN EAST PAK, Rather Than Recommending Handing Over Power To The Majority Party (“Today Pakistan Has Been Saved”)

• 1973-77. Mr. BHUTTO’S DECISION TO LAUNCH A MILITARY OPERATION IN BALUCHISTAN, To Supress The Discontent Caused By His Decision To Dismiss Mr. Mengal’s Govt.

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ROLE OF POLITICIANS (Contd…) • 1977. IN THE WAKE OF MASS DEMOs AGAINST

PM BHUTTO’S RIGGING OF ELECTIONS:-- GOVT Ordered Army to Break-up Political

Demos- AM ASGHAR KHAN Wrote To All Gens Inciting Them To Disobey The Govt- PNA Offered Jobs To Any Army Officer

Who Resigned In Protest- CIVIL SOCIETY Daily Exhorted Army

Chief To “Do His Duty” & Take Over- WIDESPREAD PUBLIC JUBILATION And Distribution Of Sweets On Imposition Of ML - JI. Immediately Joined Gen Zia’s MLGovt & Accepted Four Ministries

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ROLE OF POLITICIANS (Contd…) • 1989-1999 DECADE OF DEMOCRACY:-

- WHEN IN OPPOSITION, BOTH PPP & PML APPROACHED COAS FOR

HELP IN REMOVING THE GOVT.- 1993 CRISIS. Mr GHULAM ISHAQ &

Mr NAWAZ SHARIF INSISTED THAT COAS MUST ARBITRATE BETWEEN THEM & ARMY MUST CONDUCT THE NEW ELECTIONS- 1997 JUDICIAL CRISIS . CJP IMPLORED THE COAS TO “DO HIS DUTY” AND PROTECT THE SUPREME COURT FROM THE PML MOB’S ATTACK

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ROLE OF POLITICIANS (Contd…) • OCT 1999 :-

- Ms BENAZIR, Mr IMRAN KHAN, QAZI HUSSAIN AHMED & THE MEDIA WELCOMED GEN MUSHARAF’S COUP

- SUPREME COURT VALIDATED THE COUP & PERMITTED GEN MUSHARAF TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION

• 2009 LONG MARCH. COMMON MAN HOPED COAS WOULD INTERVENE & INTERCEDE WITH THE GOVT

• 2011 NATO SUPPLIES

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EFFECTS OF ML• FM AYUB

- PROSPERITY THRU CONSUMER INDUSTRY BUT NEGLECTED BUILDING HEAVY INDUSTRIAL BASE LIKE INDIA- LAID FOUNDATION OF RELATIONS WITH CHINA- BLUNDERED INTO 1965 WAR WITHOUT ADEQUATE PREPARATION- VIOLATED HIS OWN CONSTITUTION BY

HANDING OVER POWER TO GEN YAHYA

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EFFECTS OF ML (CONTD….)

• GEN. YAHYA- EXCELLENT EDUCATION AND HEALTH

POLICIES

- BROKE UP ONE UNIT & GAVE PROVINCIAL STATUS TO BALUCHISTAN

- FIRST FREE AND FAIR ELECTIONS

- LOST HALF OF THE COUNTRY BY REFUSING TO HANDOVER POWER TOSH. MUJEEB WHO HAD WON THE ELECTIONS

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EFFECTS OF ML (CONTD….)

GEN. ZIA- HELPED USA & AFGHANS TO DEFEAT

RUSSIAN INVASION - BUT INADVERTENTLY CREATED UNIPOLAR WORLD WHICH “GIFTED” US WITH SANCTIONS- FAILED TO PREVENT INGRESS OF DRUGS AND KALASHNIKOV CULTURE & SECTARION TERRORISM - DESTROYED THE FABRIC OF OUR LIBERAL SOCIETY THROUGH QUESTIONABLE “ISLAMISTION” & THE HUDOOD ORDINANCES

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EFFECTS OF ML (CONTD….)• GEN. MUSHARAFF

- REVIVED THE ECONOMY- LIBERATED THE MEDIA - CHAMPIONED WOMEN’S RIGHTS & THEIR POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT- IMPRESSIVE DEVELOPMENT OF OUR

NUCLEAR DETERRENT - SERIOUSLY DESTABILISED FATA & ALIENATED BALUCHASTAN - HASTY INTRODUCTION OF DEVOLUTION WITHOUT ADEQUATE PREPARATION

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INDUS RIVER ROAD PROJECT

“It is no exaggeration to state that this road brought civilization & relative prosperity to the area. The cost of daily necessities was cut drastically and the people discovered a better way of life. It was Nation Building in a genuine sense. It’s completion marked a major step taken to knit the outlying regions of Gilgit, Hazara and Swat into Pakistan.Besides money and effort the Army sacrificed THE LIFE OF ONE SOLDIER PER MILE (for a total of 158 miles).”

Nation Building and the Pakistan Army Raymond A Moore, Jr.

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1953 ML IN LAHORE• Within 5 days Lahore was back to normal. But, due

to great public demand, the Govt ordered the Army to stay on and clean up the city.

• Action was taken against food smuggling, criminals and wasteful spending on marriages. Roads were repaired, pavements laid, health precautions instituted and buildings cleaned up. Civic pride was instilled in the citizens.

• The response was excellent and people in Karachi and Dhaka also began asking for the Army. This alarmed the Govt and led to the lifting of ML.

Nation Building and the Pakistan Army Raymond A Moore, Jr.

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FOOD DISTRIBUTION IN EAST PAK• THE FOOD SITUATION IN EAST PAK DETERIORATED

RAPPIDLY DUE TO THE POLITICIANS’ DELIBERATE MISHANDLING OF FOOD STOCKS TO GAIN POPULARITY.

• BY MAY 1956, THE CRISIS APPROACHED MAJOR PROPORTIONS AND THE PUBLIC CLAMOURED FOR THE ARMY TO TAKE OVER FOOD DISTRIBUTION.

• THE ARMY WAS SO SUCCESSFUL THAT THE EAST WING POLITICIANS BECAME APPREHENSIVE OF THEIR POPULARITY AND COMPELLED THE GOVT TO WITHDRAW THE ARMY.

World Veterans Report Hugh Hanning

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ANTI - SMUGGLING OPERATIONS• Food, imported goods and capital worth millions were

being smuggled out of East Pak into India. East Pak was on the verge of economic collapse. On 18 Dec. 1957, in a meeting with the PM and the Army Chief, the CM stated that ”ONLY THE ARMY COULD SAVE EAST PAK” and requested that it take over anti smuggling duties at once.

• The Army achieved quick results. Within two weeks 400 smugglers were caught, prices dropped and the value of the rupee increased.

• However, when the Army went after the “Big Guns” ,the Hindu members of the Assembly threatened to withdraw their support of the Awami League Govt.

• The operation was called off prematurely on 9 Jan 1958.

The Political System of PakistanK.B. Sayeed