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7/28/2019 Role of Composites for Gradual Improvement of Aircraft Structure
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National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
Role of Composites for gradual improvement of
Aircraft Structure
Presented By:
Ajit Behera
Roll no- 210MM1248
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Background
Why composite preferable for Aero-structure ?
Use of Major Composite in Boeing AirplanesDifferent stresses acting on an aircraft
Decline of Cost/weight by Composite
ConclusionsReferences
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
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Later, the first planes were built with combined construction of wood, fabric, steel andsmall amounts of aluminum for reinforcement. Manufactures used ash and spruce for the
wings which were usually built around two I-shaped spars, and braced either by internal
cables or by forming the leading-edge surface with ply.
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
Until the 1930s, wood was the primary material used in
aircraft construction. It was plentiful and cheap, had large
bulk and strength for its weight, and could easily be worked
into any desired shape.
After World War-I, builders made the transition for the biplane
configuration to monoplanes. Among the many structural
improvements of this time were the monocoque fuselage and
better metals.
Seamstresses applied to covering the wings with linen, cotton,
or sometimes silk.
In this way demand of composite gradually increased.
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Weight reduction
Challenge in cost reduction
Reduces / Eliminates corrosion
Increases in fracture toughnessLightning protection
Improvements in fatigue resistance
damage tolerance limit increasesStructural integrity (To carry the damage part
load without harming other parts and
operation). National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
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National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
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National Institute of Technology, RourkelaStress
Strain
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At Different Time in Year
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(E) BENDING (THE COMBINATION STRESS)
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Inter-laminar Failure / Delamination / Disbond
Stress concentration such as hole, fillet, also deteriorate strength. It needs additional
thickness= weight
Bolted joint is also a weak point on composite structure
Impact Damage strength regression
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Bolted joints
Doors and windows
System provisions (penetrations and attachments)
Access and drain holes
Attachment tabs
Stringer terminations (run-outs)
Bonded attachments
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela
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Reduction in fuel Cost- Composite contributes light weight than
that of bulk metal and Light weight structure contributes low fuel
consumption.
Maintenance cost- Maintenance cost decreases due to less Bodyideal time (Repairing time), increase in Change interval of
Corroded parts & fractured parts, guarantee for longer inspection
interval etc.
National Institute of Technology, RourkelaFor Boeing787
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The application of composite indicates optimal set of
minimum structural weight and manufacturing cost.
However, exposed aircraft surfaces made from composite
materials can prevent problems with respect to its hostile
surrounding atmosphere.
Many investigations have been going on for evolution of new
composite material for future aero-craft structure.
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[1]Yin Hailian, Yu Xiongqing, Integration of Manufacturing Cost into Structural
Optimization ofComposite Wings, Vol. 23, Issue 6, 2010, 670-676
[2] Hui Juan Feng, Jian Zhang, Xiang Kai Liu, Applied Mechanics and materials, Vol.
121-126, 1264-1268, 2012.
[3] Ronald F. Gibson, Principles of Composite Material Mechanics, 3 rd edition, crc-press,
Taylor & Francis Group, 53-87, 2012.[4] book review, Glare: History of the development of a new aerocraft Material,
http://composite.about.com/od/books/l/aafpr020623.htm
[5] Joosung Joseph Lee, Historical and Future Trends in Aircraft Performance, Cost, and
Emissions, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology September 2001.
[6] Alex B. Harman, Chun H. Wang, Improved design methods for scarf repairs to highly
strained composite aircraft structure, Vol. 75, Issue 1-4, 132-144 , 2006.[7] Soderquist, J., "Design/Certification Considerations in Civil Composite Aircraft
Structure," SAE Technical Paper 871846, 1987, doi:10.4271/871846.
[8] R. Kaye, M. Heller, Finite element-based three-dimensional stress analysis
of composite bonded repairs to metallic aircraft structure, Vol. 26, Issue 4, 261-273,
2006.
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Thank you for your attention.