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Unmanned Ground Vehicles

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ABSTRACT

The paper entitled Unmanned

Ground Vehicles explains how the

unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs)

are helpful to the soldiers in the battle.

UGVs can form a supply route to

reduce the risk of casualties from

improvised explosive devices that are

causing so many deaths.

The main feature of this paper isUGVs can go into areas where soldiers

would end up being casualties, since

robots are fearless. These tools give

soldiers and first responders excellent

situational awareness, so they know

what to expect and can decide how to

respond in dangerous or inaccessible

areas.

A key capability for the UGVs is the

reconnaissance, surveillance, and

target acquisition (RSTA) sensor

suite, providing long-range standard

and thermal imagery, as well as laser

targeting capability.

Robots are fearless

The U.S. Armys Future Combat

Systems program will integrate

unmanned ground vehicles into a future

force; if the drones currently used by

soldiers for reconnaissance(theactof

reconnoitering(especiallytogaininformationabout

anenemyorpotentialenemy)) and

surveillance(closeobservationofapersonor

group ) missions are any indication.

Autonomous ground vehicles promise to

be a major paradigm shift in ground

warfare.

Unmanned aerial vehicles such as the

U.S. Air Force Predator garner most of

the headlines in the world today, but

unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) are

beginning to change the way groundforce commanders prepare for battle.

Robots are fearless, They can go into

areas where soldiers would end up being

casualties.

They are already playing a role in battle

today in Iraq, and as part of the U.S.

Armys Future Combat Systems (FCS)

program will dominate battlefields of the

future. The FCS program has 21

different types of vehicle elements, 13 of

which are unmanned.

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Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire

Control experts are developing the

Multifunction Utility/Logistics and

Equipment (MULE) unmanned ground

vehicle for the Armys Future Combat

Systems program.

In the battlefield, FCS will link soldiers

with manned and unmanned ground and

air platforms and sensors. Ultimately,

FCS will allow U.S. troops to be fast and

versatile, as part of the Pentagons vision

of the Future Force Warrior. Plans are

being discussed to add weapons

capability to UGVs-such as 0.50-caliber

machine guns and grenade

launchers.There will be even bigger

UGVs that can form a supply route to

reduce the risk of casualties from

improvised explosive devices (IEDs)

there will be even bigger UGVs that can

form a supply route to reduce the risk of

casualties from improvised explosive

devices (IEDs)

A big advantage of UGVs is the amount

of payloads-weapons and sensors-that

can be placed on them because they are

digital platforms

they are much like the F-18 EF, which

has about 30 different weapons and

sensor payloads on a digital platform.

Under FCS three types of revolutionary

UGVs are envisioned: the iRobot Small

Unmanned Ground Vehicle (SUGV), the

BAE Systems Armed Robotic Vehicle

(ARV), and the Lockheed Martin

Multifunction Utility/Logistics

Equipment (MULE).

SUGV

Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle, a

smaller, lighter successor to the

combat.SUGV weigh less than 30

pounds, so a single soldier can easily

carry and deploy it in the battlefield

using a standard backpack. Using

familiar PackBot subsystems, the SUGV

will carry as many as seven different

payloads, and have enough mobility to

carry those sensors through caves,

tunnels, and drainage pipes. weigh less

than 30 pounds, so a single soldier can

easily carry and deploy it in the

battlefield using a standard backpack.

Using familiar PackBot subsystems, the

SUGV will carry as many as seven

different payloads, and have enough

mobility to carry those sensors through

caves, tunnels, and drainage pipes.

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ARV

The ARV, the largest of the three, has

two variants: the assault variant, and the

reconnaissance, surveillance, and target

acquisition variant. BAE Systems is

design the Armed Robotic Vehicle

(ARV) for the U.S. Armys Future

Combat Systems program. The semi-

autonomous ARV is the largest

unmanned ground vehicle in the Armys

Future Combat Systems (FCS)

program, and will be an integral

platform within platoons and companies

in the FCS-equipped Brigade Combat

Teams.

The iRobot PackBot family also

includes the more specialized PackBot

Explosive Ordnance Device (EOD)

bomb disposal robot and the PackBot

Scout reconnaissance robot, which are

used daily in Iraq and Afghanistan to

safely disarm improvised explosive

devices and search buildings, caves, and

tunnels for the presence of hostile

forces,

PackBot Explorers new intelligent

surveillance equipment includes three

cameras, and greater flexibility to

customize with sensors and other tools.

These tools give soldiers and first

responders excellent situational

awareness, so they know what to expect

and can decide how to respond in

dangerous or inaccessible areas.

iRobots Packbot has been huge in

helping diffuse EOD in Iraq and there is

even talk of adding nuclear, chemical,

and biological sensing capabilities to it

in the future.

PackBots also use electro-optical

infrared (EOIR) sensors. Those tools

allow soldiers to assemble PackBot as a

scout version for reconnaissance

missions, complete with laser

rangefinders and night-vision

illuminators. iRobot is also working on a

200-pound-class robot that can run a

four-minute mile.It has such dexterity

that it doesnt need to be transported butcan follow troops along on their

movements even lugging some of their

equipment for them

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These systems are in development and

will be key elements in the FCS,

providing greatly enhanced operational

capability in the FCS-equipped Brigade

Combat Teams-the Armys future

tactical warfighting echelon.

The ARV will be about the size of a

large pickup truck and will be

deployable either two at a time on C-130

airplanes or individually with CH-47

helicopters.

A key capability for the ARV is the

reconnaissance, surveillance, and target

acquisition (RSTA) sensor suite,

providing long-range standard and

thermal imagery, as well as laser

targeting capability The RSTA suite is

mounted on a telescoping mast

incorporated in the two variants of the

ARV in development. The two variants

will share a common chassis.

The ARV reconnaissance, surveillance,

and target acquisition variant (ARV-R)

will be assigned to FCS platoons

equipped with mounted combat systems

and reconnaissance and surveillance

manned ground vehicles. The ARV-R

will feature a RSTA mast, carry a

cannon for self-defense, disperse

unattended ground sensors and conduct

battle damage assessments.

The second variant, the ARV Assault(ARV-A), is designed to accompany

FCS platoons equipped with Infantry

Carrier Vehicles. The ARV-A integrates

long-range beyond-line-of-sight (BLOS)

missiles, a powerful automatic cannon

and a high-rate-of-fire, suppressive

machine gun. The assault variant also

features an electro-optical/infrared

(EO/IR) sensor on a mast.

The Autonomous Navigational System

(ANS) and Automatic Target

Recognition (ATR) will provide the

ARV with the capability to operate

semiautonomously with minimal input

from the operator. Soldiers will deploy

and control the ARVs at extended

ranges.

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Cru

sher represents a new class of unmanned

ground combat vehicles.

.

The ARV will be controlled from

operator crew stations located inside

manned ground vehicles or by FCS-

Land Warrior-equipped dismounted

soldiers with a control device. The core

technologies enabling semiautonomous

operation will allow one soldier to

control all aspects of the vehicle

remotely. The ARVs will feature

additional capabilities including

chemical detection, anti-tampering, and

battle command and communications

equipment.

MULE

Lockheed Martin Missiles and Fire

Control experts in Dallas are developing

the Multifunction Utility/Logistics and

Equipment (MULE) UGV. The 2.5-ton

MULE includes three variants. Like the

Army mule, one version will haul

equipment for two infantry squads.

Another variant will detect and mark

land mines. Finally, the Air Assault

MULE will have teeth, being armed

with a rapid-fire gun and antitank

weapon. The MULE is a key

component of the FCS system of

systems with its high versatility and

unique mobility.

This family of vehicles will increase the

warfighters survivability and the

efficiency of the total force bycomplementing, not replacing, man and

manned platform functions.

The MULE/ARV-A(L) provides for

future growth through spiral

development and possesses an open

architecture. The MULE has an

advanced six-by-six independent

articulated suspension. Coupled with in-

hub motors powering each wheel, the

suspension system provides extreme

mobility in complex terrain, far

exceeding that of vehicles utilizing more

conventional suspension systems

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The Transport MULE configuration is

designed to support the Future Force

soldier by providing the volume and

payload capacity to carry the equipment

and supplies to support two dismounted

Infantry Squads. Multiple tie-down

points and removable/foldable side

railings will support nearly any payload

variation. It is suited to support casualty

evacuation needs as well. The ARV-

A(L) version will be armed with a line-

of-sight gun and an anti-tank capability,

providing immediate, heavy firepower to

the dismounted soldier. The

Countermine variant is designed to

provide detection and neutralization of

mines, and marking of cleared lanes

through minefields.

Crusher

Crusher is a six-wheeled, all-wheel drive

hybrid electric, skid-steered, UGV. The

vehicle weighs 14,000 pounds fully

fueled, and is designed to carry a 3,000-

pound payload-at this 17,000 pound total

weight, two Crusher vehicles can fly

aboard a C-130H aircraft at substantial

range. If desired, crusher can carry as

much as 8,000 pounds of payload and

armor without compromising its

mobility.

The Crusher unmanned ground

vehicles mast enables greater

surveillance capability

It will climb at least a one-meter step

and provides the vehicle with the

mobility performance and

surefootedness required to safely follow

dismounted troops over rough terrain,

through rock and debris fields, and over

urban rubble. This technology also

enables the vehicle to cross one-meter

gaps, traverse side slopes greater than 40

percent, ford water to depths more than

about two feet, and overpass obstacles as

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high as two feet, while compensating for

varying payload weights and center of

gravity locations.

Crusher represents a new class of

unmanned ground combat vehicles

(UGCVs) developed under the

DARPA/Army UGCV-Perception for

Off-Road Robots Integration (UPI)

program. Crusher is a mobile vehicle

designed from the outset to be

unmanned. It is being equipped withstate-of-the-art perception capabilities,

and will validate the key technologies

necessary for a UGV to perform military

missions autonomously.

Crusher will be equipped with

representative sensing and weapons

payloads for planned field experiments.

The technologies embodied in the

Crusher vehicles provide a glimpse into

the future of autonomous ground

platforms. The Crusher and its

predecessor, the Spinner, demonstrate

the realm of the possible with regard to a

combination of autonomous behaviors,

hybrid electric propulsion and robust

vehicle design

All of this combines to give the soldier

greatly enhanced standoff capabilities

with minimum impact on workload.

iRobots PackBot Explorers new

intelligent surveillance equipment

includes three cameras, and greater

flexibility to customize with sensors and

other tools.

CONCLUSION:

This paper presents a classification of

different types of Unmanned Ground

Vehicles which play a major role in

battle. These UGVs can go into areas

where soldiers would end up being

casualties.The basic idea behind UGVs

is to save the human life. A key

capability for the UGVs is the

reconnaissance, surveillance, and target

acquisition (RSTA) sensor suite,

providing long-range standard and

thermal imagery, as well as laser

targeting capability.This family of

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vehicles will increase the warfighters

survivability and the efficiency of the

total force by complementing, not

replacing, man and manned platform

functions.

REFERENCES:

1) www.metacrawler.com

2) www.dogpile.com

3) www.google.com