Cell

Cytoplasm

Nucleus

ThymineAdenine Csytonine Guanonine

Transcription

RNA PolymeraseUracil

mRNA

Nuclear Pore

“Start” Codon Codon Codon Codon “Stop” Codon

Ribosome (rRNA)

Small Subunit

Large Subunit

Translation

tRNA Amino Acid Anti-Codons

Peptide Bond

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Protein

Protein in Tertiary structure

SummaryProtein synthesis starts of in Transcription. Transcription starts in the nucleus where with DNA. DNA is transcribed starting with the nuclear bases, Thymine, Adenine, and Cytosine these will be know as start codons. The stop codon is either ACT, ATT, and ATC. RNA polymerase “unzips” the DNA. The polymerase will copy the corresponding codon with, which ever strand of DNA is being used to make mRNA. RNA does not have thymine so it is replaced with Uracil. The mRNA travels out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm through a nuclear pore. Translation is the next step and occurs in the cytoplasm. The mRNA strand travels through the cytoplasm until it reaches rRNA , which makes up ribosomes. The mRNA binds with the rRNA. tRNA carries the corresponding anti-codons and one amino acid. Each of the tRNA has a nucleotide that matches up with a mRNA codon. All of the mRNA’s codons have an anti-codon except for the stop codon. The stop codon just signals for the tRNA to stop. Each of the amino acids that came with the tRNA will crate a peptide bond. After the tRNA codes amino acid the tRNA “falls” off. The amino acids now have the code for what kind of protein they will make. The amino acid chain forms into the first stage of a protein called the primary structure. Then, the protien forms into the secondary structure. The protein finally folds into the tertiary structure.