River Civilizations(An Research Overview)

Submitted by

C. Stephen Ingraham

2008

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Performance Assessment

• Create a tri-fold travel brochure and present it to the class. Your project must include the natural characteristics that define the region known as the Middle East (either past or present), relative and absolute location, climate. Culture. Ecosystems, and technology.

Title of Travel Agency

Slogan

Emblem

Price

Map ofMesopotamia

PictureofInterest

Inventions andInnovationsof Mesopotamiaon back

Physical Featuresof Mesopotamia: Landforms, Bodies of Water, Plant and Animal life on back.

GeographyFour GeographicRegions

ClimateIncluding: Average Temperaturesand Average Rainfallof Mesopotamiaon back CSI07

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Travel Brochure Research TopicsTextbook Topics Ancient Mesopotamia Encyclopedia

p. 70 Assyria pp. 784-787p. 69 Babylon pp. 9-12p. 69 King Hammurabi pp. 33-4p. 62 & 70 Maps of Mesopotamia p. 346p. 61 Mesopotamia pp. 345-6 ------- Seven Wonders pp. 253-6p.61 Sumer pp. 778-9pp. 61 & 66 Inventions/Innovations

The Modern World ------ Modern Iraq (map) p. 327 ------ Climate/Rainfall/Temp. pp. 324-9

Climate: In contrast to the comfortable areas bordering the Mediterranean and Arabian Seas the inland regions are desert and almost uninhabitable. This same climate extends from the Arabian peninsula into northern Iraq, Jordan, Syria, Iran, and further to the East in Afghanistan.Rainfall: five to ten inches per year. Usually in the form of a downpour for just a very short period in winter.Temperatures: Average 130 degrees during a summer day butas low as 40 degrees at night.Agriculture: With irrigation wheat, barley, olives, figs, nuts, and grapes can be cultivated in the steppe regions. Sheep, goats, donkeys, and camels can be raised even in the desert regions. Natural Resources: (Scattered throughout the region)North Africa- Iron Ore & PhosphatesIsrael- SaltTurkey- chromium and molybdenumSaudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iraq, Iran- Oil

The Middle East

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Four Geographic Regions:1) Mountains in Northeast and Eastern sections. This area has

good pastures and a few fertile plateaus. 2) Central Desert Area doted with few oasis.3) Upper Plains – dry grassland savannah4) Lower Plains -Irrigated valley between the Tigris and

Euphrates rivers.

Iran – Once known as PersiaGeography: High plateau much of it desertClimate: dry continentalNatural Resources: coal, iron, copper, lead, borax, manganese,

nickel, cobalt, and oil.Agriculture: tobacco, cotton, corn, rice all grown on small farms.

Iraq – Ancient Land of Mesopotamia

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Essential Questions• Where and how did ancient civilizations begin?• In what ways are ancient civilizations similar? In what

ways are they different?• What impact did cultural beliefs have on the formation of

religions?• How did religion and philosophical thinking affect the

development of civilization?• For what reasons do religious and philosophical

differences cause conflict among cultures?• How did the agricultural revolution change civilizations?• What economic systems existed in ancient civilization?• What governmental structures emerged in ancient

civilizations?• What evidence of culture clashes exist today?• What constitutes a civilization?

Social Studies Block # ___ Name _______________________Mr. Ingraham & Ms. Holmes Date ____________

RIVER CIVILIZATIONS Table of Contents

This is how Mullen students roll….

We are always on time to class

We come prepared to learn.

We always allow other students to learn.

We respect the personal space of others.

The Fertile Crescent SongLet me tell you of a civilization Sung to the tune of “The Brady Bunch” Sumer, Sumer was its nameIt was between the Tigris and Euphrates,but it was not alone.

There came along a mighty king,Sargon, the Akkadian was the name.He united all who feared him.You join or you’re insane.

Still later came King HammurabiWith his mighty long code of laws.Even later came the Assyrian ArmyLed by Sennacherib the “destroyer”,Who crushed and killedAnd stole until the Persians came along and conquered him. CSI07

40 N

Equator

Tropic of Cancer

Tropic of Capricorn

20 N

O

O

Prim

e M

erid

ian

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23 30’ N

23 30’ S

20 S

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Steps to CivilizationHunters

Gatherers

Farmers(agriculture)

5)

1) Nomads2) Band (clan)

3) culture4) tribe

CIVILIZATION: a culture that has well developed:

a) Governmentb) Religionc) Learning (knowledge) d) Writing

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Black Sea

Mediterranean Sea

Asia

Africa

Syrian Desert

Zagros Mountains

Taurus Mountains

Jeru

sale

m

Tigris River

Euphrates River

Assur *

* Babylon

* Ur Persian Gulf

Caspian S

ea

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Mesopotamia

Nineveh *

Mesopotamian Vocabulary• Civilization – a culture with well developed forms of

government, religion, writing, and learning.• Technology- the use of tools and skills to make a product

or achieve a goal.• Ziggurat- a huge mud-brick temple in each city-state.• Government- an organized system that groups use to

make laws and decisions.• City-state- a city or village and the farm lands around it

with its own leaders and government.• Monarchy- a government which has one person with

complete right to rule in peacetime and in war. • Authority- right to rule.• Surplus- extra supply. • Merchant- a person who buys and sells goods for a living• Social class- groups within a civilization with different

levels of importance.• Scribe- a person who knows how to read and write..• Innovation- new ways of doing things.

Mesopotamian Vocabulary #2• Conquer – to take over the land of others.• Empire- a land of many conquered people and places governed by one

ruler.• Emperor- the ruler of an empire.• Taxation- the support of a government where people were required to pay

taxes in crops or other goods or services they produced.• Code of Hammurabi- a collection of 282 laws that dealt with almost every

aspect of Mesopotamian life.• Equal Justice- fair treatment under the law within each social class.• Polytheism – The belief in many supreme beings or gods • Monotheism- the belief in one supreme being or god.• Covenant- an agreement. • Ten Commandments- a set of laws for responsible behavior.• Judaism the religion of the Jewish people.• Torah- The first five books of the Bible of the Israelites.• Colony- a settlement separated from, but under the control of, a home

country.• Cultural diffusion- the spreading of new ideas to other places.• Barter- the exchange of one good or service for another.• Money economy- an economic system based on the use of money rather

than on barter.

MesopotamiaA. The Fertile Crescent- the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

1) Villages became cities and societies became more complex

2) Cultures form Civilizations- society with developed under one

Government, Religious belief, writing system, and Learning

A/F. New Inventions & Innovations:

canals, dikes, wheel, cart, domestication of animals, igu (acre), cargo ships with sails, & cuneiform

E. Changing Economy

1) About 3000 B.C. Sumerian city-states had huge populations.

2) Ur – had 30,000 people.

3) Successful agriculture = surplus, or extra supply (of food). Therefore:

a) not everyone had to grow or find food.

b) This allowed a division of labor. Besides farmers, there were managers, craftworkers, and merchants.

4) Merchants – people who bought and sold goods for a living. They

traded surplus wheat, barley, and copper tools for wood, salt,

precious stones, & raw copper.

F. Divisions in Society

1) Social Classes – groups with different levels of importance

King

Nobles – Priests & Leaders

Middle Class

Merchants, Craftworkers, Managers, carpenters, potters, bricklayers, & scribes

2) Scribe, or a person who could write, kept records, wrote letters for others,

copied songs, & stories.

Lowest Class

Laborers, Unskilled workers, and Slaves

3) Men owned most of the property & held positions of leadership.

A. Causes and Effects of Conflict.

1) Because the city-states grew in size and population, agricultural societies

wage war to protect farmland & water rights.

2) Because the Tigris & Euphrates river valley is flat with no natural

boundaries, city-states put up pillars.

3) Because powerful city-states destroy or move the pillars, more wars are

fought.

4) Because more wars are being fought, new technology or better weapons are

needed. (Example: War Chariot – two wheel cart pulled by horses.)

B. Sargon the Conqueror

1) The Warrior Sargon from the city-state of Kish is the first to conquer, or take

over, the land of others.

2) He established a vast empire, or a conquered land of many peoples and

places governed by one ruler, or emperor.

3) Sargon

a) built a capital city called Akkad and ruled for 55 years.

b) maintained a standing army.

c) appointed loyal nobles as governors to maintain control of all 12 city-states

C. Hammurabi the Lawgiver

1) Hammurabi becomes king of the city-state of Babylon.

2) He promoted trade by building dikes and canals and established taxation, or

people supporting government by payment in crops or other goods.

3) Hammurabi’s most important contribution was a collection of laws, given to

him by the sun god Shamash called the Code of Hammurabi (282 laws)

a) “The code said that whoever caused an injury should be punished

by being given that same injury”. b) Equal Justice, or fair treatment was limited to equality within each social

class.

War & Peace in the Fertile Crescent

Religious & Philosophical Thinking of Mesopotamia

Code of Hammurabi : 282 laws providing equal justice.Teaches: An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth.

Ten Commandments: a set of laws given to Moses forresponsible behavior for Judaism.

Teaches: To obey one god and how to live justly and keep families strong.

Polytheism of the Ancient Mesopotamians: Many gods of natureTeaches: If bad things happen the gods are angry; if good thing happen they aren’t.

Judaism: The religion of the Jewish people based on the belief of the one god, Yahweh.

Teaches: God’s good qualities must be imitated by his people.

Islam: The religion of the Muslims based on the belief of the one god, Allah.Teaches: Muslim must submit to god’s will and follow the Qur’an and Muhammad’s

example.

Christianity: a religion based to the life and teaching of Jesus Christ, a Jewish Rabi.Teaches: To love your neighbor as yourself.

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Early Egypt Song Sung to “Mary has a little Lamb” The Nile River gives Egypt lifeWater for the crops And fertile siltKing Narmer unites us allUpper and lower Egypt

Our pharaoh is the son of RaPharaoh Zoser asked ImhotepTo build a pyramidFor his tomb and decorate it withHieroglyphics and gold.

Amenemhet becomes the pharaohHe conquers Nubia and Kush is tamed.Merchants and craftworkersForm the middle class.Pharaoh Thutmose crushed the Hyksos.

Egypt extends to the Fertile CrescentBut Amenhotep and NefertitiWant all to worship the one god, Aton,But the boy King Tut changes that(and that’s a chapter three fact.) By Mr. Ingraham

I. African Civilizations

Mediterranean Sea

Africa

AsiaLower Egypt

Upper Egypt

Red Sea

Nubia

NubianDesert

Thebes *SaharaDesert

Memphis *

Nile R

iver

Eastern D

esert

*Aswan

Lib

ya

n D

ese

rt

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Eg

yptian

Vo

cabu

lary• desertification – Any change of fertile land into desert, whether

caused by climate or human actions..• silt- fine bits of rock and soil.• Irrigate – to supply land with water by artificial means.• predict- to tell ahead of time.• dynasty- a series of rulers from the same family.• pharaoh -an Egyptian King.• edicts – the commands or directions of one. in authority.• Hieroglyphics –an Egyptian picture writing system• papyrus- a paper like material.• pyramid- a tomb for a dead Egyptian ruler or noble. • mummy a dead body which has been preserved.• peasants people who farmed the land.• obelisk- an ancient monument consisting of a single pillar of

stone.• annex- to take over.• independence –complete freedom.• Trading network- a group of buyers and sellers working together.

III. The Nile Source of Innovation

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A. 1. 365 day calendar divided the year into three parts; a) Inundation = spring flooding of the Nile River

deposits silt or fine bits of rock & soil b) Emergence = plow & plant (the plants appear) c) Drought = water & harvest the crops2. Irrigation through dams, dikes, retention ponds.3. Mummification4. Pyramids = tombs5. Hieroglyphics = writing of 700 different symbol pictures.6. Papyrus = paper made from reeds

Pharaoh

PriestsNobles

MIDDLE CLASSMerchants, Scribes, & Craftworkers

Unskilled LaborersPeasant Farmers& Slaves

Religious & Philosophical Thinking of Egypt1. Religion: Polytheism: Like many ancient peoples the Egyptians used

stories about their gods to explain nature. For example:

a) Amon-Ra was the sun god who was born each day and died each night.

b) Osiris taught the Egyptians farming.

c) Horus, the son of Osiris, ruled the sky.

d) Isis, was the wife of Horus.

2. The Egyptians also believed their pharaoh, or king, was a god in human form.

3. Change during the New Kingdom 1686- 1085Pharaoh Amenhotep & Queen Nefertiti worship one god, Aton –monotheismKing Tutankhamen (Tut) returns to polytheism.

Gobi Desert

PacificOcean

Yellow

Sea

Arabian Sea

Bay OfBengal

Red

Sea

IndianOcean

SouthChinaSea

East C

hina Sea

Huang He River

Chang Jiang River

INDIA

Xian.

CHINA

MESO

POTA

MIA

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BlackSea Aral

Sea

Caspian Sea

Himalayas MountainsHin

du K

ush

Mou

ntai

ns

China Song (Chapter 5) Sung to “The Adams Family”

The Zhou claimed the mandatethe peasant-farmers can’t waitto use their iron weaponsto seal the Shang dynasty’s fate.

Roads,… Dams,… Canals!

Confucius says a guide for societyis just like anyone’s family.No matter what you happen to beeveryone has responsibility

Courtesy,… Kindness,… Charity!

The Legalism of the Qin Shi Huangdisays everyone should fear me.My great wall shows my authoritybuilt upon the peasant’s misery.

Tears,… Cruelty,… Punishment!

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China Song (Continued) Sung to “The Adams Family”

The Han Gao Zu said he knewto be respected & keep the people true.No harsh law or treatment crueland all the people will follow you.

Trade,… Exports,… Profits!

The Daoism is taught by Emperor Wu Dito accept whatever life gives to thee.Now cause and effect is historyand trade brings new technology.

Wheelbarrow,… seismograph,… Paper!

Ancient China always tried to striveto keep the peasants working and aliveand every way each dynasty triedis all contained in chapter five!!!! CSI07

Vocabulary of China• legends – stories handed down from earlier times.• mandate- or order to rule.• Mandate of Heaven- the right of a Chinese leader to rule given

to him by the gods.• ancestors- dead relatives further back than grandparents.• oracles –a person who gives wise advise.• pictographs – drawings that were combined to make

thousands of Chinese words.• heritage –a set of ideas that has been passed down from one

generation to another. • militia- a group made of volunteer soldiers.• virtues- good qualities. • Public works –structures built by the government for

everyone’s use.• philosopher –a person who studies the meaning of life.• responsibilities- a person’s duties.• Confucianism- the ideas and teaching of the philosopher

Confucius.

Vocabulary of China #2• Legalism – the idea that people obey their rulers out of fear

and not out of respect.• standardization- the making of all things of a certain type alike.• bureaucracy –a network of appointed government officials.• Civil war- when groups of people from the same place or

country fight one another.• ambassadors –a person who represents a government.• Civil Service – the part of a bureaucracy that oversees the

day- to-day business of running a government.• Daoism –the idea that the key to long life and happiness is to

accept life as it is.. • import- to bring in goods for sale.• export- to send out goods to be sold in other places. • caravan –a group of traders traveling with goods to be sold.• profits –money gained over the price of goods sold.• Silk Road- the trade route that stretched 5,000 miles from

China to the Mediterranean Sea.

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B. Society of Ancient China – Zhou Dynasty

King

Nobles

Peasants

Gives landTo theNobles

Perform Military Service for the King

Farm the land and serve the nobles

Promiseto protect the peasants

I. A Ancient China – Xia & Shang Dynasties1. About 2000 BCE. Hundreds of settlements in Huang He River Valley2. Shang seized mandate of heaven or the authority to rule in 1766 BCE.3. Shang conquered 1,800 city-states with war chariots & bronze weapons.4. Oracle bones were used to gain wise advise from the ancestors & the gods.5. Writing called pictographs used 5,000 symbols or drawings to make thousands of words.6. Only wealthy, educated Chinese could write & hold government jobs.

C. Religious & Philosophical Thinking of China1. Legalism : used by Qin Shi Huangdi as a basis for the government of his dynasty.Teaches: People obey their rulers out of fear of punishment and not respect. Harsh

treatment is the only way to bring peace and wealth to China

2. Confucianism: Kung Fu Zi (Confucius) There are five virtues: charity, kindness, hardwork, good faith, and courtesy.

Teaches: A good society is like a family where all members know their responsibilities.

3. Daoism: used by Emperor Wu Di with the ideas of Confucianism.Teaches: the key to long life and happiness is to accept life as it is.

D. The Han Dynasty’s Golden Age & The Silk Road 1. Peace brought new technology & inventions: wheelbarrow, seismograph, paper,

printing, crossbow, gunpowder, fireworks, crossbow 2. Caravans traded with other “civilized” people.

a) exported silk, apricots, iron, & bronze goodsb) imported gold, ivory, wool, linen, grapevines, & horses

Indian OceanIndian Ocean

Arabian SeaArabian Sea

Mediterranean Mediterranean SeaSea

Bay ofBay ofBengalBengal

Black SeaBlack Sea Caspian SeaCaspian Sea Aral SeaAral Sea

Himalayas MountainsHimalayas MountainsPlateau Plateau Of IranOf Iran

Plateau Plateau Of TibetOf Tibet

Ganges RiverGanges River

AfricaAfrica

ChinaChina

Ancient India

IndiaIndiaIn

dus Riv

er

Indus

River

Hindu Kush

Hindu Kush

Aryan MigrationAryan Migration 1500 B.C.1500 B.C.

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India’s Chapter 6 SongIndia’s Chapter 6 Song The Aryans migrate SouthThe Aryans migrate SouthThrough the mountain pass of Hindu Kush.Through the mountain pass of Hindu Kush.Into the Indus ValleyInto the Indus ValleyUsing their horses to fight for land.Using their horses to fight for land.Believing in Hinduism’s reincarnation means rebirth.Believing in Hinduism’s reincarnation means rebirth.The next life’s social position show your worth,The next life’s social position show your worth,But now your caste is unchanging.But now your caste is unchanging.So don’t associate with the low one.So don’t associate with the low one.Being an Untouchable is no fun!!!!Being an Untouchable is no fun!!!!Unless you’re a believer in BuddhaUnless you’re a believer in Buddhaand seek love, truth, and knowledge.and seek love, truth, and knowledge.What’s it to ya?What’s it to ya?Unselfish behavior all the time.Unselfish behavior all the time. (Bomb Ba Bomba Chorus)(Bomb Ba Bomba Chorus)““Now I know these chapter 6 facts, I’ll be fine”.Now I know these chapter 6 facts, I’ll be fine”.

By Mr. Ingraham Sung to “Meet the Flintstones”By Mr. Ingraham Sung to “Meet the Flintstones”

India’s Chapter 6 (India’s Chapter 6 (Song verse 2Song verse 2)) The Rajahs rule the Indian city-statesThe Rajahs rule the Indian city-statesUntil a young Chandragupta Maurya,Until a young Chandragupta Maurya,Like the Qin Shi HuangdiLike the Qin Shi Huangdithe young Chandragupta’s known for cruelty.the young Chandragupta’s known for cruelty.Father and son rule with a firm hand,Father and son rule with a firm hand,but grandson Asoka discovers wars don’t make the man.but grandson Asoka discovers wars don’t make the man.Non-violence and no caste systemNon-violence and no caste systemBecomes his new plan.Becomes his new plan.The Gupta unites India once again.The Gupta unites India once again.India’s golden age soon begins.India’s golden age soon begins.Arabic numerals make math now base 10.Arabic numerals make math now base 10.Do you believe in Buddha?Do you believe in Buddha?Seeking love, truth, and knowledge.Seeking love, truth, and knowledge.What’s it to ya?What’s it to ya?Unselfish behavior all the time.Unselfish behavior all the time. (Bomb Ba Bomba Chorus)(Bomb Ba Bomba Chorus)

““Now I know these chapter 6 facts, I’ll be fine”. Now I know these chapter 6 facts, I’ll be fine”. By Mr. IngrahamBy Mr. Ingraham

Vocabulary of India• subcontinent – A large land area isolated from the rest of a

continent• inscription- a written message.• Aryans- the earliest warriors and herders who immigrated from

central Asia to India.• Sanskrit-the Aryan language.• Vedas –the Aryan holy books.• reincarnation – the belief that the soul lives on after death and

returns to life in a new body.• Hinduism –a religion that believes in three gods: Brahma, the

creator; Vishnu, the preserver; and Shiva, the destroyer. • caste- an unchanging group within a society.• untouchables- the people thought to be impure and below all

of Indian castes. • Buddhism – the religion based on the teachings of Siddhartha

Gautama.

The Caste System & India Society1. The Vedas, the belief in reincarnation, and the caste system gave

order to Aryan society.

2. A caste is an unchanging group within a society. A person lives, works, marries within the caste they are born into.

3. The Caste System is like a human body.

a) The Brahmans are the head

( priest & scholars)

b) The Kshatriyas are the arms

(rulers & soldiers)

c) The Vaisyas are the legs

(farmers & merchants)

d) The Sudras are the feet

(laborers, craftworkers, & servants)

4. Below all castes were the untouchables. They were thought to be impure and had to avoid all contact with the rest of society. These people did all the unpleasant jobs.

SHIVA – The Destroyer

Vocabulary of India #2• rajahs – Indian princes who ruled over large city-states• assassination – murder for a political reason.• Turning point – a time of important change .• missionaries – religious teachers who help spread ideas to

other areas.• Arabic numerals – a base ten number system using 1-9 and

zero.• inoculation – giving people a mild form of a disease to prevent

them from getting sick with a more serious form.Persian Bonus Vocabulary• Cavalry – soldiers who rode horses and camels to make swift

attacks.• Tribute – yearly payments to a king or an emperor.• Couriers – pony-express-like riders for delivering messages.• Prophet – a person who others believe speaks or writes with a

divine message from god.• Zoroastrianism – the belief in two gods: Ahura Mazda, the god

of truth and Ahriman, the evil enemy.

Religious & Philosophical Thinking of India

Hinduism: Ancient Aryan Religion which worships three main gods: Brahma, the creator; Vishnu, the preserver; and Shiva, the destroyer.

Teaches: People are born into an unchanging group within society. They can only associate with members of the same caste. If they live a good life they will be reincarnated, or come to life in a new body, in a higher caste.

Buddhism: Siddhartha Gautama – reaction to the Caste System and harsh treatment under Hinduism.

Teaches: People should seek love, truth, the joy of knowledge, and a calm mind.

IV. Kush: Egypt’s Rival

Mediterranean Sea

Africa

AsiaRed Sea

Nubia

Nile R

iver

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Other African Kingdoms

IV. Kush: Egypt’s Rival

Mediterranean Sea

Africa

AsiaRed Sea

Nubia

Nile R

iver

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A. Early People of Nubia1. Nubia extends along Egypt’s southern border into modern Sudan. 2. The people of Nubia lived like the Egyptians. a) About 6,000 BC. They lived in clans as herders and farmers.

b) The Nubians worshipped Egyptian gods.3. About 2000 BC. they developed into a civilization and built canals.

a) They traded gold, hardwoods, animal tusks, and huge granite

blocks for Egyptians goods.b) These blocks were used to build obelisks, or ancient

towering monuments made of a single stone of granite.

4. During the Egyptian Middle Kingdom the pharaoh moved to annex, or take over, northern Nubia and make it part of Egypt.B. Kush

1. When the Hyksos took over upper Egypt, Nubia gained its independence, or complete freedom, from Egypt.

2. Kerma becomes the capital of the Kushite government.3. It also becomes a trading center for central and southern Africa.

a) To the North they traded for Egyptians goods.b) To the South they traded for gold, salt, elephants,

rhinoceros horns, spices, and slaves.

c) Kermas’s busy markets made the government wealthy.

IV. Kush: Egypt’s Rival

Mediterranean Sea

Africa

AsiaRed Sea

Nubia

Nile R

iver

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C. Conquest of Egypt1. About 750 BC King Kasha of Kush takes over Upper Egypt. 2. His son Piankhi conquers lower Egypt.3. Piankhi’s brother claims the pharaoh’s throne in Thebes and begins

a new dynasty. The Kushite pharaohs rebuild and strenghten Egypt.D. Early Ironworkers

1. About 670 BC. Invaders from the Fertile Crescent gained control of the Nile Valley.

2. Kushite leaders establish a new capital at Meroe, where Kushite civilization begins again. They:

a) invent their own 23 letter alphabet.b) reestablish a trading network, or group of buyers and

sellers. c) discover and mine iron ore.d) have iron workers melt down iron ore and have craftworkers

use the metal to make iron tools and weapons.3. Meroe becomes Africa’s earliest iron working center. 4. About 350 AD. The kingdom of Axum conquers Kush.

Abram breaks with the religious thinking of his neighbors and begins worshipping one supreme god (Monotheism). He changes his name to Abraham, which means “father of many nations”.

a) Abraham’s son Isaac is the father of the Jewish people.1) Judaism: The religion of the Jewish people based on the belief of the one god, Yahweh. Teaches: God’s good qualities must be imitated by his people.

2) Christianity: a religion based to the life and teaching of Jesus Christ, a Jewish Rabi. Teaches: To love your neighbor as yourself.

b) Abraham’s son Ishmael is the father of the Arab people.Muhammad, an Arab, is the founder of Islam. Muslims are his followers.Islam: The religion of the Muslims based on the belief of the one god, Allah.Teaches: Muslim must submit to god’s will and follow their holy book the Qur’an and Muhammad’s example. The religious successors to Muhammad are called caliphs, but whom to follow caused divisions.

• Shiite Muslims stayed loyal to the descendants of the fourth caliph, Ali’s dynasty

• Sunni Muslims accepted the changing dynasties of Muhammad’s successors.

Religious development of the Middle East

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Buddhism Missionaries Spread the

teachings of Siddhartha Gautama

throughout Asia and Japan.

Muslim

Merchants

spread the

teachings of

Islam.AFRICA

ASIA

EUROPE

Merchants and Missionaries spreadreligious ideas to other places. This adapting of customs and ideas from one culture to another is known as cultural borrowing.

The influence of Religion on three continents

HINDUISM

CHRISTIANITY

JUDAISM

TRADEChinese Silk RoadBy 106 B.C.E. the first camel caravan headed west fromChina with a load of Silk. No one knew the secrets of making Silk, which gave the Chinese a monopoly. Theymade huge profits in gold, ivory, wool, linen, grapevines, And horses.African Salt TradeBy 700 C.E. an African tribe, the Soninkes, hadtaken over much of the West African grasslands. To the south they traded with another tribe the Wangaras for gold. Then they traded with Muslim merchants thegold for salt. Salt was important to season and preservefood. Some of the salt they traded back to the Wangarasfor more gold. Other European goods such as paper, woven cloth, and perfumes were also traded. With this trading network the Soninkes made a profit at both ends of the trading cycle and they grew rich and powerful.

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The Silk Road

5,000 miles from China

to the Mediterranean Sea

The Salt Trade

3,000 mile

s from th

e

Mediterra

nean Sea to

The West A

frican

Savanna

AFRICA

ASIAEUROPE

Trade was more important than just the exchange of needed goods. It allowed for the spreading of new ideas and technology to other places. This flow of ideas and knowledge iscalled cultural diffusion.

The influence of the Muslim trading networkand the the spread of Islam on three continents

Ancient Civilization Times

Breaking News: Archaeologists prove __________Is a civilization. By ______________________

Leadership Religion

Knowledge Writing

EasternHemisphereMap on backIndicating whereThe civilization is,Its major landforms,And rivers.

The four News stories on thefront explain how the civilizations has leadership, religion, knowledge, and writing by giving facts and examples.

Final Performance Assessment

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Performance AssessmentA News Presentation to the class

Your presentation will take the form of a TV news cast.This is what is needed:1)A large map locating your presentation’s civilization.2) An explanation of your civilization’s government proving it had leadership.3) An explanation of your civilization’s beliefs proving it had religion.4) An explanation of your civilization’s innovations and inventions proving it had knowledge.5) An explanation and description of your civilization’s writing system.Remember: Your groups 5 questions must be covered in your presentation.

How to set up your notebook for research

LeadershipReligion Knowledge

(Learning)Writing

Performance AssessmentKnowledge

Egypt

India

China

Mesopotamia

WritingReligionLeadership People

“The Role of Government” pp. 63-4

“Sargon the Conqueror” pp. 68-9

“Unity for the Egyptians” pp. 96-7

“The Caste System”

p.177

“India’s First Empire”

p. 187-8

“The Shang Dynasty”

pp. 128-9

“Rule of Shi Huanghi”

p. 161-2

“Oracle Bones”

pp. 129-130

“Hinduism”

pp. 176-7

“The origins of Buddhism

pp. 178-9

“Source of Religion”

p. 96

“The Old Kingdom”

pp. 100-1

“Architecture and Religious Beliefs”

pp. 62-3

“New Inventions”

p. 61

“Innovations”

p. 66

“The Alphabet”

pp. 75-6

“Source of Innovation”

pp. 95-6

“The Early Period”

pp. 98-100

“The City of Mohenjo-Daro”

pp. 122-3

“The Golden Age of India” pp. 190-1

“The Ideas of Confucius”

p. 158-9

“The Golden Age” pp. 168-9

“Shang Writing”

pp. 130-1

“City People”

p. 124

“Hinduism”

(Sanskrit)

pp. 176-7

Sargon

Hammurabi

Sennacherib

King Narmer

Pharaoh Zoser

Hatshepsut

Amenhotep IV

King Tut

Siddhartha Gautama

Chandragupta Maurya

Asoka Maurya

King Wu

Qin Shi Huangdi

Han Goa Zu

Confucius

TextbookResearch

SynergyThe product of a group is greater than

any individual of that group..• 1) The Leader reads his/her “Leadership”

notes while the other group members copy any items mentioned they don’t have.

• 2) Another member of the group then reads his/her “Leadership” notes and the other group members copy any items they don’t have.

• 3) Rotation continues until all members have read their “Leadership” notes.

Time Line Practice

2,00

0 C

.E.

2007

C.E

.

2,00

0 B

.C.E

.

4,00

0 B

.C.E

.

5,00

0 B

.C.E

.

B.C.E C.E. 01,

000

B.C

.E.

1,00

0 C

.E.

3,00

0 B

.C.E

.

Time Line PracticePlace the following on this timeline:1) 5,100 years ago King Narmer unites Upper and Lower Egypt2) 4,650 years ago the Egyptians built the first pyramid.3) 4,500 years ago cities rise in the Indus Valley.4) 4,300 years ago merchants trade between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia.5) 3,800 years ago the Shang Dynasty gains control of China.6) 3,465 years ago the Egyptian Empire expands to its largest size.7) 2,750 years ago Kush conquers upper Egypt.Hint: Remember it is now 2007 C.E., but why not use 2,000?

2,00

0 C

.E.

2007

C.E

.

2,00

0 B

.C.E

.

4,00

0 B

.C.E

.

5,00

0 B

.C.E

.

B.C.E C.E. 01,

000

B.C

.E.

1,00

0 C

.E.

3,00

0 B

.C.E

.

II. Egyptian Society during the Middle Kingdom

Mediterranean Sea

AfricaAsia

Red Sea

Nubia

Nile R

iver

CSI07

Pharaoh

PriestsNobles

MIDDLE CLASSMerchants, Scribes, & Craftworkers

Unskilled LaborersPeasant Farmers & Slaves

III. Egyptian Kingdoms

Mediterranean Sea

Africa

AsiaRed Sea

Nubia

Nile R

iver

CSI07

1) The Old Kingdom 2686- 2181 BCE The Age of the pyramids –pharaoh’s tombs

a) Stacked mastabas – stepped pyramidb) Geometric straight sided square pyramids

built in the land of the dead at Giza.2) The Middle Kingdom 1991 – 1786 BCE

Amenemhet conquered Nubia Egypt is an EmpireMiddle class develops –Craftworkers, Merchants, & ScribesThe Hyksos attack with war chariots and conquer Egypt

3) The New Kingdom 1686- 1085Pharaoh Thutmose I retakes Egypt from the HyksosPharoah Thutmose III invades Nubia & the Fertile CrescentAmenhotep & Nefertiti worship one god, Aton –monotheismKing Tutankhamen (Tut) returns to polytheism.Egypt weakens and is ruled by outsiders.

PacificOcean

SouthChinaSea

Huang He River

Chang Jiang River

Xian.

CHINA

CSI08

Society of Ancient China – Zhou Dynasty

King

Nobles

Peasants

Gives landTo theNobles

Perform Military Service for the King

Farm the land and serve the nobles

Promisesto protect the peasants

Bonus Question5 Points

What is the belief in two gods: Ahura Mazda, the god of truth and Ahriman, the evil enemy called.w) Hinduism x) Buddhism y) Judaism z) Zoroastrianism