RICHARD R. TABER

Born in 1867 in Sterling Center- Ne YorkDied in 1948.

Theory and Practice of Translation

• The theory and practice of translation describes the set of processes that are actually employed in translating.

• Based on the translation of the Bible.

Book written by Richard R. Taber and Eugene A. Nida in 1969.

• Translating is essentially a process of communication and this means that a translator must go beyond the lexical structures to consider the manner in which an intended audience is likely to understand a text.

• Much depends on the underlying presuppositions of the respective source and target cultures.

• In testing the adequacy of a translation, the main questions are: “From whom?” And in “what cultural setting?” since the source text and the translated text may represent very diverse cultural orientations and values.

• A translator of a text involving significant cultural differences is like a juggler trying to throw and catch a variety of objects all at the same time.

• A translator must establish certain priorities: Contextual consistency Dynamic equivlence Orality Expressions that are used and are accepable to the

intended audience

The Old Focus and the New Focus

• Old focus was the form of the message. Translator were concerned about the style of the text such as rythm, rhyme, connection of words, among others.

• New focus is the response of the receptor to the translated message.

• Not that the receptor understand, but that he doesn´t misunderstand the text.

Nature of Translating

Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source- language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. This chapter underlines a set of characteristics in the proces of translating:

Reproducing the message Equivalence rather than identity Closest equivalent The priortity of meaning The significance of style A system of priotities.

Grammatical Analysis

• Analysis: Surface structure is analyzed in terms of the grammatical relationships and the meanings of the words.

• Transfer: The analyzed material is transferred in the mind of the translator from language A to language B.

• Restructuring: the Transferred material is restructured in order to make the final message fully acceptable in the receptor language.