Richard Dawkins -God Delllusion.pdf

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: By K M Hassan

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The God Delusion by Richard Dawkins

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The gods worshipped by billions either exist, or they do not; if they exist they must have observable

consequences (Victor J. Stenger)

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Our padre is an old sky pilot;

Severely now theyve clipped his wings

But still the flagstaff in the rectry garden

points to higher things

** The Few is a term used to describe the Allied airmen of the British Royal Air Force (RAF) who

fought the Battle of Britain in the Second World War. It comes from Winston Churchills phrase

never was so much owed by so many to so few.

[] It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds,

with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling

through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from

each other, and dependent on each other in so complex a manner, have all been produced by laws

acting around us. These laws, taken in the largest sense, being Growth with Reproduction;

inheritance which is almost implied by reproduction; Variability from the indirect and direct

action of the external conditions of life, and from use and disuse; a Ratio of Increase so high as to

lead to a Struggle for Life, and as a consequence to Natural Selection, entailing Divergence of

Character and the Extinction of less-improved forms. Thus, from the war of nature, from famine

and death, the most exalted object which we are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of

the higher animals, directly follows. There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers,

having been originally breathed into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone

cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most

beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are being, evolved. (An Entangled Bank. From the

conclusion of Darwins Origin of Species First Edition, 1859)

[] However, if we discover a complete theory, it should in time be understandable by everyone,

not just by a few scientists. Then we shall all, philosophers, scientists and just ordinary people, be

able to take part in the discussion of the question of why it is that we and the universe exist. If we

find the answer to that, it would be the ultimate triumph of human reason for then we should

know the mind of God. (A Brief History of Time, Stephen Hawkins, p.193)

[] Parson : An Anglican cleric with full legal control of a parish under ecclesiastical law; a rector [] , Winstone R (2005). The Story of God. London. Transworld/BBC.

[] Dennett DC (2006), Breaking The Spell: Religion as Natural Phenomenon. London: Viking. [] Ecumenical: promoting or tending toward worldwide Christian unity or cooperation

[] () Adams,

D.(2003). The Salmon of Doubt.London.Pan

[] A conscientious objector (CO) is an individual [who has] claimed the right to refuse to perform

military service on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion.

[] QUAKERS, A Christian sect founded by George Fox about 1660; commonly called Quakers,

also known as The Religious Society of Friends. The name is used by a range of independent religious

organizations which all trace their origins to a Christian movement in mid-17 century England and

Wales. A central belief was that ordinary people could have a direct experience of the eternal Christ.

Today, the theological beliefs among the different organizations vary, but include broadly evangelical

Christian, liberal Protestant, Christian Universalist and non-Christian Universalist beliefs. Some of

these organizations also use the name Quaker or Friends Church.

[] Dolly and the clothes head : A Devils Chaplain: Selected essays. London: Weidenfeld and

Nickolson.

[] http://www.oyez.org/cases/2000-2009/2005/2005-04-1084/. In early November 2005,

justices of the US Supreme Court heard arguments for and against the importation of hoasca tea.

Hoasca contains dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an illegal, hallucinogenic drug. The tea is used by

members of the Brazil-based church called O Centro Espirita Beneficiente Uniao do Vegetal (UDV)

during religious ceremonies. There are only 130 members of the church in the United States

(http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/hoas.html )

[] Hoasca tea is made by brewing two Amazonian plants called Psychotria

viridis and Banisteriopsis caapi. The plants are considered to be sacred to the UDV and the tea is

used for religious purposes only. In May 1999, US Custom agents seized three drums of hoasca tea

sent from Brazil to the UDV in the US. After lower courts debated the legality of the seizure, the US

Supreme Court heard arguments about whether the Religious Freedom Restoration Act of 1993

should permit the importation, distribution, possession, and use of hoasca by the UDV

(http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/hoas.html ).

[] R. Dawkins, The irrationality of faith, New Statesman (London), 31 March 1989 [] Columbus Dispatch, 19 Aug. 2005. [] Los Angeles Times, 10 April 2006. [] http://gatewaypundit.blogspot.com/2006/02/islamic-society-used-fake.html. [] http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4686536.stm; [] http://www.neandernews.com/?cat=6.

[] The Independent, 5 Feb, 2006. [] Andrew Mueller. `An Argument with Sir Iqbal, Independent on Sunday, 2 April 2006,

Sunday Review Section, 12-16

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_____________________________________

[] Mitford and Waugh (2001) : The Letters of Nancy Mitford and Evelyn Waugh. New York:

Houghton Mifflin.

[] http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06608b.htm. [] http://www.catholic-forum.com/saints/indexsnt.htm?NF=l. [] Phenomenology is the study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person

point of view. The central structure of an experience is its intentionality, its being directed toward

something, as it is an experience of or about some object. An experience is directed toward an object

by virtue of its content or meaning (which represents the object) together with appropriate enabling

conditions.

[]Congressional Record, 16 Sept. 1981. []http://www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/buckner_tripoli.html.

[] Robert I. Sherman, in Free Inquiry 8: 4, Fall 1988, 16. [] N. Angier, Confessions of a lonely atheist, New York Times Magazine, 14 Jan. 2001:http://www.geocities.com/mindstuff/Angier.html.

[] http://www.fsgp.org/adsn.html. [] An especially bizarre case of a man being murdered simply because he was an atheist is recounted in the newsletter of the Free thought Society of Greater Philadelphia for

March/Apri 2006. Go tohttp://www.fsgp.org/newsletters/newsletter_ 2006_0304.pdf and scroll

down to The murder of Larry Hooper.

[] http://www.secular.org/news/pete_stark_070312.html [] http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mag/2001/ll/18/stories/2001111800

[] Quentin de la Bedoyere, Catholic Herald, 3 Feb. 2006 [] Carl Sagan, The burden of skepticism, Skeptical Inquirer 12, Fall.1987. [] A question that has been around for a long time. It is also a question that can produce heated

discussion since there seems to be good reasons for anwering it either way. for example, does a tree

make a sound if it falls in a forest with no one around. yes, the tree will make a sound; no, the tree

will not make a sound.

[] Dawkins, R. (1998). Unweaving the Rainbow. London: Penguin. [] T. H. Huxley, Agnosticism (1889), repr. in Huxley (1931). The complete text of Agnosticism

is also available at http://www. infidels.

org/library/historical/thomas_huxley/huxley_wace/part_02.html.

[] Russell, Is there a God? (1952), repr. in Russell (1997b). Russell, B. (1957). Why I Am Not a Christian. London: Routledge. Russell, B. (1993). The Quotable Bertrand Russell. Amherst,

NY: Prometheus.

[] , The Independent on Sunday : , , , : http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4692039.stm [] Andrew Mueller, An argument with Sir Iqbal, Independent on Sunday, 2April 2006, Sunday

Review section, 12-16.

[] , , (www.camp-quest.org)

,, , ) [] New York Times, 29 Aug. 2005. Henderson, B. (2006). The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti

Monster. New York: Villard.

[] Henderson, B. (2006). The Gospel of the Flying Spaghetti Monster. New York: Villard. [] http://www.lulu.com/content/267888. [] H. Benson et al., Study of the therapeutic effects of intercessory prayer (STEP) in cardiac bypass patients, American Heart Journal:151: 4, 2006, 934-42.

[] Richard Swinburne, in Science and Theology News, 7 April

2006, http://www.stnews.org/Commentary-2772.htm.

[] New York Times, 11 April 2006. [] In court cases, and books such as Ruse, M. (1982). Darwinism Defended: A Guide to the

Evolution Controversies. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. His article in Playboy appeared in the April

2006 issue.

[] Jerry Coynes reply to Ruse appeared in the August 2006 issue of Playboy. [] Madeleine Bunting, Guardian, 27 March 2006 [] Uncle Remus is a fictional character, the title character and fictional narrator of a collection

of African American folktales adapted and compiled by Joel Chandler Harris, published in book form

in 1881. A journalist in post-Reconstruction Atlanta, Georgia, Harris produced seven Uncle Remus

books.

[] Dan Dennetts reply appeared in the Guardian, 4 April 2006. []http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2006/03/the_dawkinsdennett_boogeyman.

php;http://

scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2006/02/our_double_standard.php;http://scienceblogs.com/pharyn

gula/2006/02/the_rusedennett_feud.php.

[] http://vo.obspm.fr/exoplanetes/encyclo/encycl.html. [] Dennett, D. (1995). Darwins Dangerous Idea. New York: Simon & Schuster.

: By K M Hassan

The first principle is that you must not fool yourselfand you are the easiest person to fool. Richard

Feynman (1974)

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[] Ontology: the branch of metaphysics that studies the nature of existence or being as such.

[] The terms a priori (from the earlier) and a posteriori (from the later) are used

in philosophy (epistemology) to distinguish two types ofknowledge, justifications or arguments. A

priori knowledge or justification is independent of experience (for example All bachelors are

unmarried); a posteriori knowledge or justification is dependent

on experience or empiricalevidence (for example Some bachelors are very happy).

[] ( Zenos paradox) , , , , ,

[] , , ( ); , , , (Phillip E. Johnson Award for Liberty and Truth) , BIOLOA the Bible Institute of Los Angeles ; , , Flews flawed science, Free Inquiry 25: 2, 2005, 17-18;http://www.secularhumanism.org/ index.php? section= library & page= stenger_25_2

[] http://www.iep.utm.edU/o/ont-arg.htm. Gaskings proof is

at http://www.uq.edu.au/~pdwgrey/pubs/gasking.html.

[] The whole subject of illusions is discussed by Richard Gregory in a series of books including in

Gregory, R. L. (1997). Eye and Brain. Princeton:PrincetonUniversity Press.

[]http://www.sofc.org/Spirituality/s-of-fatima.htm.

[]Tom Flynn, Matthew vs. Luke, Free Inquiry 25: 1, 2004, 34-45;Robert Gillooly, Shedding light

on the light of the world, Free Inquiry 25: 1, 2004, 27-30.

[] , Whose word is it? , , Misquoting Jesus; ;

[] Ehrman, B. D. (2003). Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture

and the Faiths We Never Knew.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress. Ehrman, B. D. (2003). Lost

Scriptures: Books that Did Not Make It into the New Testament.Oxford:OxfordUniversityPress.

Ehrman, B. D. (2006). Whose Word Is It?London: Continuum.

[] , , Tekton , Naggar , (Isaiah) (almah) ( Parthenos) ( maid maiden, ); , , Virgin , White raisin of crystal clarity , ? ( , Virgins? What virgins?

Free Inquiry 26:1,2006,45-6);

[] , ; ( ) : ? , ,

[] , ( ), , : : (Craig Venter);

[] Beit-Hallahmi and Argyle (1997).

[] E. J. Larson and L. Witham, Leading scientists still reject God, Nature 394, 1998, 313.

[] http://www.leaderu.com/ftissues/ft9610/reeves.html gives a particularly interesting analysis of

historical trends in American religious opinion by Thomas C. Reeves, Professor of History at the

University of Wisconsin, based on Reeves (1996).

[] http://www.answersingenesis.org/docs/3506.asp.

[] R. Elisabeth Cornwell and Michael Stirrat, manuscript in preparation, 2006.

[] P. Bell, Would you believe it?, Mensa Magazine, Feb. 2002, 12-13.

: ( ) By K M Hassan

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: Euplectella aspergillum (Venus Flower Basket)

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_________________________________________________

[] (Gambit): A gambit (from ancient Italian gambetto, meaning tripping) is a chess

opening in which a player, most often White, sacrifices material, usually a pawn, with the hope of

achieving a resulting advantageous position

[] An exhaustive review of the provenance, usages and quotations of this analogy is given, from a

creationist point of view, by Gert Korthof, athttp://home.wxs.nl/~gkorthof/kortho46a.htm.

[] ( ) []Adams, D. (2003). The Salmon of Doubt. London: p. 99. My Lament for Douglas, written the day

after his death, is reprinted as the Epilogue to The Salmon of Doubt, and also in A Devils Chaplain,

which also has my eulogy at his memorial meeting in the Church of St Martin-in-the-Fields.

[]Interview in Der Spiegel, 26 Dec. 2005. []Susskind, L. (2006). The Cosmic Landscape: String Theory and the Illusion of Intelligent Design.

New York: Little, Brown. Susskind (2006: 17).

[]Hunt The Slipper: Bluffing game, All of the players but one sit in a circle with the feet drawn up

and knees raised so that a slipper may be passed from hand to hand of each player under his knees.

Where both boys and girls are playing it is desirable to have the girls alternate as much as possible

with the boys as the slipper is more readily hidden under their skirts. The players pass the slipper or

bean bag around the circle under the knees the object being on their part to evade the vigilance of the

odd player who runs around on the outside of the circle trying to touch the person who holds the

slipper. Many devices may be resorted to for deceiving the hunter such as appearing to pass the

slipper when it is not in ones hands or holding it for quite a while as though the hands are idle

although it is not considered good sport to do this for very long or often. The players will use every

means of tantalizing the hunter for instance when he is at a safe distance they will hold the slipper up

with a shout or even throw it to some other person in the circle or tap the floor with it. When the

hunter succeeds in catching the player with the slipper he changes places with that player. When the

circle of players is very large the odd player may take his place in the center instead of outside the

circle.

[] Often, especially when there is only one seeker, the game is played using hot or cold, where

the hider informs the seeker how near he is to the object, telling him he is cold when he is far from

the object (or freezing or if he is extremely far off), and hot when he is extremely close to the object.

If the seeker is moving farther from the object, he is told he is getting colder, and if the seeker is

moving closer to the object, he is told he is getting warmer.

[] (Irreducible Complexity) , , , , , , , (Irreducible Complexity) , , ,

: ( ) By K M Hassan

:

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:

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, , , : , (Lesser spot Weasel frog) , , , : , : , , , , , (ID) : , , ,

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(Irreducible complexity) , , [] ( ) , : , ( )

, , (Axle) , , []

, , , , , , , , , , ( ) [];

, ( )

, , , , , ; , , , ( : ); ,

, , , ( ); , , , , , , , Finding Darwins God

, , TTSS (Type Three Secretory System) [] TTSS , , , , : TTSS : , ; , , - , , , , : , ,

TTSS TTSS , , , , TTSS , ( ) , , :

, , , , : , : ? , ! ? , , , , , , , . , , , (Freeman 2002 );

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/ ______________________________

[] POPPERIAN relating to, or characteristic of the theories of Karl Popper; esp : of or relating to

the theory that a hypothesis can be falsified by observed exceptions but never absolutely proven to be

true.

[] Fiat: a command or act of will that creates something without or as if without further effort [] : , Dark materials , , ; , ( , ) , , [] : ( , , , , ; , ( ), ( ); ( ) ( ) ) [] http://www.millerandlevine.com/km/evol/design2/article.html. [] This account of the Dover trial, including the quotations, is from A. Bottaro, M. A. Inlay and N.

J. Matzke, Immunology in the spotlight at the Dover Intelligent Design trial, Nature Immunology

7, 2006, 433-5.

[] J. Coyne, God in the details: the biochemical challenge to evolution,Nature 383, 1996, 227-8. The article by Coyne and me, One side can be wrong, was published in the Guardian,1 Sept.

2005:http://www.guardian.co.uk/life/feature/story/0,13026,1559743,00.html. The quotation from

the eloquent blogger is athttp://www.religionisbullshit.net/blog/2005_09_01_archive.php.

[]Dawkins, R. (1995). River Out of Eden. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

: ( ) By K M Hassan

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___________________________

[ ] Anthropic Principle: In astrophysics and cosmology, the anthropic principle is the

philosophical consideration that observations of the physical Universe must be compatible with the

conscious life that observes it. Some proponents of the anthropic principle reason that it explains

why the Universe has the age and the fundamental physical constants necessary to accommodate

Documents

Richard Dawkins -God Delllusion.pdf