ReviewLessonsMapsGraphic OrganizerMapsGraphic Organizer Unit 5 The New Nation The New Nation What causes a society to grow? ReviewLessonsMapsGraphic OrganizerMapsGraphic

ReviewLessons Maps Graphic OrganizerMaps Graphic Organizer

Unit 5 The New Nation

The New Nation

What causes a society to grow?



Lessons


Lesson 1Planning a GovernmentLesson 2United States ConstitutionLesson 3The Louisiana PurchaseLesson 4The War of 1812Lesson 5The Industrial RevolutionLesson 6The Age of Andrew JacksonLesson 7Texas and the War with Mexico


Planning a New Government

What problems did the government face after the Revolution?

Lesson 1

VocabularyArticles of

Confederation

arsenal

legislature

Reading SkillDraw Conclusions


Planning a New GovernmentWhat were the Articles of Confederation and why did they fail?They were the first plan of government for the U.S.

They failed because each state was independent.

printed their own money passed their own trade laws.

What was the importance of the Northwest Ordinance?It said that an area became a territory when its population reached 5,000.

A territory could apply for statehood when the population reached 60,000.



Why was Shays’s Rebellion important?

It showed the Articles of Confederation had failed.

The new government could not protect farmers from losing their lands.

It also could not afford to send troops to stop the uprising.



The Virginia PlanProposed by James Madison

Create a national legislature with two houses:

One elected by citizens based on a state’s population

One composed of members chosen by the first house

The Great CompromiseProposed by Roger Sherman

A legislature with a House of Representatives based on a state’s population

A Senate with two senators from each state



What was the Three-Fifths Compromise and why was it proposed?

It was an agreement among the delegates that every five enslaved people counted as three free people.

The slave states would not gain too much voting power in the legislature.


United States Constitution

What are important points to remember about the Constitution?

Lesson 2

Vocabularyfederal system

Supreme Court

ratify

bill of rights

amendment



United States ConstitutionFirst three articles explain how the U.S. government is organized.

Article 1 – establishes a legislature called Congressmade up of a Senate and a House of

Representativespower to make laws

Article 2 – creates the office of the President leader of the executive branch power to enforce laws

Article 3 – establishes a Supreme Court highest court in the land power to decide whether any law works against the Constitution


United States Constitution

What is the Bill of Rights?

It is a statement of rights guaranteed by the government to the people.

Consists of ten amendments written by James Madison

After addition of Bill of Rights, all original thirteen states ratified the Constitution.

U.S. Constitution has 17 additional amendments.

Amendments must be approved by two-thirds of the House and Senate and then by three-fourths of the states.


United States ConstitutionSystem of Checks and Balances

The system of keeping one branch from gaining too much power

Legislative branch:checks between the two housesHouse of Representatives and Senate must agree.

Executive branch:President must sign a lawpower to vetoCongress can override

Judicial branchSupreme Court has power to declare a law unconstitutional.judicial review


The Louisiana Purchase

How did the United States expand across North America?

Lesson 3

Vocabulary

pioneer

impressment



The Louisiana Purchase

What were the effects of the Louisiana Purchase?

Jefferson doubled the size of the U.S. for pennies an acre.

Americans gained access to a major port.

The land had abundant natural resources.


The War of 1812

How did the War of 1812 affect Americans?

Lesson 4VocabularyWar Hawks

Era of Good Feelings

Adams-Onís Treaty

Monroe Doctrine



The War of 1812Why did the War Hawks want war with Great Britain?

Believed that they could conquer Canada and take control of whole continent

Angry that British had helped Native Americans

Wanted to protect American sailors from British impressment

Why did the British burn Washington, D.C.?

The British wanted to punish Americans for burning York.


The War of 1812What was the Monroe Doctrine?

The U.S. would not give Europeans the power to establish new colonies in the Americas.

The U.S. would not interfere with existing colonies in the Americas or with European affairs.

Why did the U.S. want to prevent new European colonies in the Americas?

The U.S. wanted to be free from European influence.


How did the Industrial Revolution change people’s lives?

The Industrial RevolutionLesson 5Vocabulary

Industrial Revolution

cotton gininterchangeable

partreapersteam engine



The Industrial Revolution

What was the Industrial Revolution?

It was a time when new machines and new ideas changed the way people worked, traveled, and lived.

Cotton gin

Power looms in textile mills

Interchangeable parts

Mechanical plow and reaper

Steam Engine

Erie Canal

The Iron Horse

Write About It!Explain how the Erie Canal helped New York grow.


How did the United States change during Andrew Jackson’s term?

The Age of Andrew JacksonLesson 6

VocabularyUnion

Trail of Tears

manifest destiny

wagon train

discrimination



The Age of Andrew JacksonWhy did people move west?

Start new lives

Find open land

Become wealthy

Forced to move away

The Indian Removal Act of 1831Native Americans had to moveIndian TerritoryArmy forced Cherokee to march 800 milesTrail of Tears

Oregon FeverManifest Destinywagon trains


Text Clues Conclusion

The Age of Andrew JacksonUse clues from the text to make conclusions about the treatment of the Cherokee people.

The Cherokee’s right to their land was guaranteed by treaty.

Jackson ignored a court ruling that the Cherokee should stay in Georgia.

About 4,000 Cherokee died on the Trail of Tears.

Forcing the Cherokee to move was unjust and illegal.


How did conflicts with Mexico change the United States?

Texas and the War with MexicoLesson 7

VocabularyTreaty of

Guadalupe Hidalgo

Gold Rush



Texas and the War with MexicoTrouble in Texas

By 1835, 25,000 Americans settled in Mexico.

Disliked Mexican laws

Texans attacked San Antonio.

Took control of the Alamo

Santa Anna, leader of Mexico, recaptured the Alamo.

All Americans killed.

General Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna.

“Remember the Alamo!”

Write About It!Explain why both the United States and Mexico claimed Texas.


Texas and the War with MexicoUse clues from the text to make conclusions about the Mexican War.

Text Clues Conclusions

Mexico wanted to keep its western territories.

President Polk tried to buy land from Mexico.

After President Polk sent troops to the Rio Grande, fighting broke out.

When Texas became a state, Mexico still considered it part of its territory.

After the war, the United States purchased most of its western states from Mexico.

The war cost over 60,000 lives.

Possible Conclusions:

The United States was the aggressor in the war.

The Mexican War helped the U.S. grow at a great cost.

The U.S. was becoming a powerful nation.


Texas and the War with Mexico

The California Gold Rush

1848: James Marshall discovered gold in California.

Thousands of miners prospected for gold.

So many people came searching for wealth, that it became known as the “Gold Rush.”

1849: more than 80,000 people.

“Forty-niners”

1850: California became 31st state.


Review

What are the three branches of government and what does each branch do?Executive branch – enforces lawsLegislative branch – makes lawsJudicial branch – decides if laws are constitutional

What is the Bill of Rights?

The Bill of Rights is a statement of rights guaranteed by the government to the people.

Why is there a system of checks and balances under the Constitution?

Checks and balances keep any one branch from gaining too much power.


ReviewWhat were some important inventions during the Industrial Revolution?

– removed seed from cotton and made cotton the most important cash crop in the South

– made the process of cloth making much faster and large textile mills employed many people

– pieces made in standard sizes meant products could be made faster and at a lower cost

– made farming easier and fewer farmers were needed

– produced more power than horses and could pull heavier loads

– connected Lake Erie to the Hudson River with a series of locks to raise and lower the water level

– railroads became the main form of transportation

Cotton Gin

Power loom

Interchangeable parts

Mechanical plow and reaper

Steam engine

Erie Canal

Iron Horse


Review

What is manifest destiny?

Manifest destiny is the belief that the United States had a right to expand its borders and claim new lands.

What was the Trail of Tears?

The Trail of Tears was the 800-mile westward march of the Cherokee people to the Indian Territory; 4,000 people died along the way.


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