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Solutions: Solutes & Solvents
ReviewWhat’s the difference between a pure
substance and a mixture?What’s the difference between a
mechanical mixture and a solution?Of mechanical mixtures and solutions,
which are homogeneous and heterogeneous?
Are solutions mixtures or pure substances?
What kinds of states (of matter) can solutions be?
DefinitionsDissolve: To mix one type of matter into
another type of matter to form a solution
Solvent: The larger part of a solution; the part on a solution into which the solute dissolves
Solute: The smaller part of a solution; the part of a solution that dissolves in the solvent
Liquid SolutionsHave liquid solvents
Solvent Examples:Vegetable oil and water in food
preparation (water and iced tea)Ethanol in perfumeTurpentine in paintEthyl acetate in nail polish
Liquid Solutions [Cont’d]
Solutes that dissolve in liquids can be solids, liquids, or gases
Solid examples: salt, sugarLiquid examples: acetic acid (combined
with water for vinegar)Gas examples: carbon dioxide and
nitrogen (dissolve in our blood)
In salt water, solute = , solvent =
Solid SolutionsIn a solid solution, solute and solvent are
solid
Example: 14 carat gold = 14 parts pure gold and 10 parts other metals (silver, copper, nickel, palladium)
(24 carat gold = pure gold)
In this case, gold = solvent and other metals = solute
Solid Solutions [Cont’d]
Alloys: solid solutions with two or more metals
To make alloys: metals melted until they mix, then cooled down
Examples:Brass = alloy of copper and zincBronze = alloy of copper and tinSolvent (in examples above)? Solutes?
Gas SolutionsSolvent and solute are gases
Examples:Air = 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon
gas, and smaller amounts of other gasesSolvent? Solutes?