Review Neck E-learning

7/31/2019 Review Neck E-learning

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/review-neck-e-learning 1/24

Review:

The Cervical Region



Cervical Region Topics

- Fascial coverings of the neck

- Muscles and Root of the neck

- Posterior Triangle of the neck

- Anterior triangle the neck



Fascial Coveringsof The Neck



Covering Layers of The Neck

- Skin

-Superficial Fascia

Fatty layer that contains:

Platysma MuscleSup: lower border of the

mandible. Inf: delto-pectoralfascia.

Cutaneous N.

External Jugular V.Superficial L.N.



Anterolateral Cutaneous Nerves

Arise from post. border of SCM

4 nerves:

Lesser occipital n. (C2)

Great auricular n. (C2,C3)

innervates :lobule, skin over

parotid gland, angle of the mandible.

Transverse cutaneous n. (C2,C3)

ant. neck from mand. to st.

Supraclavicular n. (C3,C4)

3 (med., intermediate, lat.)

innervations- skin over the clavicle, upper half of the shoulder (deltoid muscle) ,lower half of posterior triangle.



External Jugular Vein

Starts behind angle of mandibleBy:

Post. division of retromand. V.

+

Post. auricular V.

Extends:

Angle mid. 1/3 of clavicle

Drains into:Subclavian V. ( common)

or IJV



Deep Cervical Fascia

4 PartsInvesting Layer

surrounds the neck

Pretracheal Layer

muscles & viscera

Prevertebral Layer

prevertebral muscles

Carotid Sheath

bld. vessels & nerves



2 Muscles?SCM & Trapezius

2 Salivary glands?

Parotid &Submandibular glands

* Thickened betweenstyloid & mandibularangle to form= ?

Stylomandibular Lig.

Structures Enclosed by Investing Fascia



Structures Enclosed by Carotid Sheath

Common carotid a. &internal carotid artery.

IJV

Vagus n. (X)-Parasympathetic

Deep cervical L.N.



Root of The NeckThe area of the neck that lies immediately above the

superior thoracic opening

Boundaries for Sup. thoracic opening –manubrium, first rib and

T1



Contents of The Root of The Neck

1. lower portions of scalene muscles (3 muscles)

2. subclavian artery & vein (divided by scalenus ant. To 3 parts )

3. thoracic duct:

lymph vessel extends from thorax to drain into leftbrachiocephalic vein

4. roots & trunks of brachial plexus

5. Phrenic nerve (pass anterior to scalene hiatus)

from roots of C3, C4, C5 spinal nerves



Posterior Triangle of The Neck

(Lateral Cervical Region)



Boundaries

Ant.:

post. border of SCM

Post.:

ant. border of trapezius

Inf.:

mid. 1/3 of clavicle

Roof:

skin & fascia

Floor:

lat. & Post.

vertebral muscles



Contents of post.

Triangle:

4 arteries

5 veins

3 kinds of nerves:

4 cutaneous

Spinal

B.P (roots & trunks)



Veins in Posterior Triangle

Occipital Vein Drainage?

3 possibilities :

Vertebral artery

Internal jugular vein

Posterior auricular / external jugular vein



Anterior Triangleof The Neck



Anterior Triangle

Boundaries

Ant.:

Imaginary Midline

(mid-sagittal line)

Post.:

ant. border of SCM

Sup.:

inf. border of the mandible

Inf. apex:ant. & post. meet together



Subdivisions of Ant. Triangle

By:digastric m. (both bellies)

sup. Belly of omohyoid m.

4 Triangles:

Submental

Submandibular (Digastric)

Carotid

Muscular



Submandibular Triangle

Boundaries

Anteromedial:

ant. belly of digastric

Anterolateral:

lower border of mandible

Posterior:

post. belly of digastric

& stylohyoid m.

Floor:

mylohyoid & hyoglossus m.



Contents

1. Superficial part ofsubmandibular gland

2. Facial a. & v.:

deep to the gland ?

3. Hypoglossal n.:

deep to the gland

on hyoglossus m.

4. n. To mylohyoid:between ? & ?

5. Submandibular L.N.



Carotid Triangle

Boundaries

Sup.:

post. belly of digastric

Antero-inferiorly:

sup. Belly of omohyoid

Post.:

ant. border of SCM

Floor:

part of hyoglossus

part of thyrohyoid m.

middle & inf. costrictors



Contents

Carotid sheath contents (4?)

Ansa Cervicalis

ant. aspect of the sheath

Cervical Sympathetic chain

post. aspect of the sheath

Hypoglossal n. (part)

ECA & some of its branches

mainly ant. branches



Ansa Cervicalis



ECA

* Extent?

Branches (8):

Medially (1)

Ant. (3)

Post. (2)

Terminations (2)

Documents

Review Neck E-learning