Review H&N E-learning

7/30/2019 Review H&N E-learning

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Review:Review:

The Cervical RegionThe Cervical Region


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Cervical Region TopicsCervical Region Topics

- Fascial coverings of the neck- Fascial coverings of the neck

- Muscles and Root of the neck- Muscles and Root of the neck

- Posterior Triangle of the neck- Posterior Triangle of the neck

- Anterior triangle the neck- Anterior triangle the neck


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Fascial CoveringsFascial Coverings

of The Neckof The Neck


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Covering Layers of The NeckCovering Layers of The Neck

- Skin

-Superficial Fascia

Fatty layer that contains:

Platysma Muscle

(attachments?)

Cutaneous N.

External Jugular V.

superficial L.N.

-Deep Cervical Fascia (4 layers)


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Anterolateral Cutaneous NervesAnterolateral Cutaneous Nerves

Arise from post. border ofSCM

4 nerves:

Lesser occipital n. (C2)

Great auricular n. (C2,C3)

innervations? 3

Transverse cutaneous n. (C2,C3)

ant. neck from mand. to st.

Supraclavicular n. (C3,C4)

3 (med., intermediate, lat.)

innervations? 3


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External Jugular VeinExternal Jugular Vein

Starts behind angle of mandibleBy:

Post. division of retromand. V.

+

Post. auricular V.

Extends:

Angle mid. 1/3 of clavicle

Drains into:Subclavian V. ( common)orIJV


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Deep Cervical FasciaDeep Cervical Fascia

4 Parts4 PartsInvesting Layer

surrounds the neck

Pretracheal Layer

muscles & viscera

Prevertebral Layer

prevertebral muscles

Carotid Sheath

bld. vessels & nerves


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2 Muscles?SCM & Trapezius

2 Salivary glands?

Parotid &Submandibular glands

* Thickened betweenstyloid & mandibularangle to form= ?

Stylomandibular Lig.

Structures Enclosed by Investing FasciaStructures Enclosed by Investing Fascia


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Structures Enclosed by Carotid SheathStructures Enclosed by Carotid Sheath

Common carotid a. &?

IJV

Vagus n. (X)

Deep cervical L.N.


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Root of The NeckRoot of The Neck

The area of the neck that lies immediately above the

superior thoracic openingWhat are the boundaries for Sup. thoracic opening ?


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Contents of The Root of The NeckContents of The Root of The Neck

1. lower portions of scalene muscles (3 muscles)

2. subclavian artery & vein (Relations to scalenus ant.??)

3. thoracic duct:lymph vessel extends from thorax to drain into left

brachiocephalic vein

4. roots & trunks of brachial plexus

5. Phrenic nerve (pass anterior to ??)

from roots of C3, C4, C5 spinal nerves


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Posterior Triangle of The NeckPosterior Triangle of The Neck

(Lateral Cervical Region)(Lateral Cervical Region)


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BoundariesBoundaries

Ant.:

post. border of SCM

Post.:

ant. border of trapezius

Inf.:

mid. 1/3 of clavicle

Roof:

skin & fascia

Floor:

lat. & Post.

vertebral muscles


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Contents of post.

Triangle:

4 arteries

5 veins

3 kinds of nerves:

4 cutaneous

Spinal

B.P (roots & trunks)


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Veins in Posterior TriangleVeins in Posterior Triangle

Occipital Vein Drainage?

3 possibilities


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Anterior TriangleAnterior Triangle

of The Neckof The Neck


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Anterior TriangleAnterior Triangle

Boundaries

Ant.:

Imaginary Midline

(mid-sagittal line)

Post.:

ant. border of SCM

Sup.:

inf. border of the mandible

Inf. apex:ant. & post. meet together


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Subdivisions of Ant. TriangleSubdivisions of Ant. Triangle

By:digastric m. (both bellies)

sup. Belly of omohyoid m.

4 Triangles:

Submental

Submandibular (Digastric)

Carotid

Muscular


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Submandibular TriangleSubmandibular Triangle

Boundaries

Anteromedial:

ant. belly of digastric

Anterolateral:

lower border of mandible

Posterior:

post. belly of digastric

& stylohyoid m.

Floor:

mylohyoid & hyoglossus m.


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Contents

1. Superficial part ofsubmandibular gland

2. Facial a. & v.:

deep to the gland ?

3. Hypoglossal n.:

deep to the gland

on hyoglossus m.

4. n. To mylohyoid:

between ? & ?

5. Submandibular L.N.


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Carotid TriangleCarotid Triangle

Boundaries

Sup.:

post. belly of digastric

Antero-inferiorly:

sup. Belly of omohyoid

Post.:

ant. border of SCM

Floor:

part of hyoglossus

part of thyrohyoid m.

middle & inf. costrictors


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Contents

Carotid sheath contents (4?)

Ansa Cervicalis

ant. aspect of the sheath

Cervical Sympathetic chain

post. aspect of the sheath

Hypoglossal n. (part)

ECA & some of its branches

mainly ant. branches


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Ansa CervicalisAnsa Cervicalis


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ECAECA

* Extent?

Branches (8):

Medially (1)

Ant. (3)

Post. (2)

Terminations (2)

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