Review from last week: The Digital Earth Idea Al Gore, 1998: I believe we need a Digital Earth. A multi-resolution, 3D representation of the planet, into which we can embed vast quantities of geo-referenced data. A Digital Earth is: > A virtual, digital geographic representation of our world > Everything is [collaboratively] linked > Idealistic but we are moving toward this goal Evolution of Digital Earth Idea Buckminster Fuller (1895 1983) Does humanity have a chance to survive lastingly and successfully on planet Earth, and if so, how? Coined term Spaceship Earth Worked on map projections for air travel Fuller Projection (1946) Evolution of Digital Earth Idea 1972 NASA Blue Marble Evolution of Digital Earth Idea 1978 Aspen Movie Map Pioneered use of cameras/computers to simulate distant physical environments Developed by MITs Andrew Lippman Funded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Al Gore, 1998: I believe we need a Digital Earth. A multi-resolution, 3D representation of the planet, into which we can embed vast quantities of geo-referenced data. Gore described a digital future where all the world's citizens could interact with a computer-generated 3D spinning virtual globe and access vast amounts of scientific and cultural information to help them understand the Earth and its human activities. Evolution of Digital Earth Idea International Society for Digital Earth: to promote the evolution and implementation of the Digital Earth idea Evolution of Digital Earth Idea 2004 & 2012 NASA next generation Blue Marble Monthly at high(er) resolution Evolution of Digital Earth Idea July 20, 2015: Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) snaps full earth image Evolution of Digital Earth Idea NEXT A Brief History of Geospatial Technologies Diagram from Foresman, T.W. The History of GIS 1998 A Brief History of Geospatial Technologies Some early spatial thinkers: Ptolemy Greek philosopher/geographer/astronomer A main work: Geography (150 AD) Kant German philosopher Puzzled by how spatial info. (color, texture) reaches brain (1700s) Berthier Hinged-overlay maps of Yorktown (1790s) Irish Railway Commission Overlay maps with shaded circles (1830s) A Brief History of Geospatial Technologies 1854 John Snows cholera mapping study: I found that nearly all the deaths had taken place within a short distance of the pump." A Brief History of Geospatial Technologies Herman Hollerith and automation 1880 Turing or tabulating punch-card machine 1880 Census took 8 yrs. to tabulate, yr. His dissertation title: An Electric Tabulating System Became IBM A Brief History of Geospatial Technologies City and resource planning Dusseldorf, Germany time-series maps Billerica, MA traffic/land use mapped Wm. Manning, same scale thematic overlay maps New York, NY Survey of NY and Environs 1950s - Univ. of WA students develop spatial statistics Waldo Tobler applies computer to mapping Mass. Inst. of Tech., overlays with weighting 1960s - USGS and Soil Cons. Service 1960s - FORTRAN language used to draw maps A Brief History of Geospatial Technologies Canada Geographic Information System (CGIS), a major milestone Canadian Senate est. Land Use in Canada group Dr. Roger Tomlinson (FATHER OF GIS?) was asked to map all of Canadas natural resource landcover CGIS was created the first computer-based GIS was operational - firsts: optical scanning of maps, raster to vector conversion, spatial database management system (attributes and locations in different files), seamless tiles, polygon query Fundamental new idea computers are now used to ask questions of maps, to read maps, and to measure, compare, combine, and analyzed map data A Brief History of Geospatial Technologies Topology, a major milestone James Corbetts streamlining of 1970 census Corbett developed the topology concept Presented a paper on topology in 1967, published in 1979* DIME and then Census TIGER files > adoption of digital mapping by Govt. Still the core of modern vector data files (e.g., DLG, GEOpdf) * Corbett, James P Topological Principles in Cartography. Washington, DC: Bureau of the Census. A Brief History of Geospatial Technologies Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI), a major milestone One of the biggest shifts in focus came when we introduced ArcInfo in With the release of a strong product, we began to leverage all of our project experience into a product that would help other organizations do what we did in our project efforts. This changed everything. In 2014, ESRIs worth is $1 billion Jack Dangermond president and founder, ESRI A Brief History of Geospatial Technologies The Virtual Globe Google Earth, a major milestone Started by a company named Keyhole, which was acquired by Google in By offering researchers an easy way into GIS software, Google Earth and other virtual globes are set to go beyond representing the world, and start changing it. The eventual impact will be nothing less than the realization of a Digital Earth, as described by former US vice-president Al Gore in 1998. (both quotes from The Web Wide World, 2006) A Brief History of Geospatial Technologies ESRI ArcGIS Online free in all public K 12 schools in US May 27, 2014: ESRI president Jack Dangermond announced today that Esri will provide a grant to make its advanced mapping software available for free to the more than 100,000 elementary, middle, and high schools in the United States. Announced at White House Science Fair Part of Obamas Educate to Innovate / ConnectED campaign More here:A Brief History of Geospatial Technologies Your GES2050 website * NO CAPS, NO SPACES in file / folder names * FILE STRUCTURE ORGANIZATION IS CRITICAL Steps: 1.Open DreamWeaver (HTML editor) > Add content to DreamWeaver > Save As to your Z drive > If images included, save them to IMAGES folder 2.Open Filezilla (FTP software) > Host is coursework > Transfer content from Z to public_html > Dont forget to transfer any IMAGES as well > Maintain perfectly parallel structure between Z and public_html 3.ALWAYS TEST YOUR WEB PAGE > Open your page via student websites page on Brandons class website > Refresh browser Lab One: Asking Questions of Maps Interacting with the 'This Dynamic Planet' Map Questions are different each semester. Lab One: Asking Questions of Maps Interacting with the 'This Dynamic Planet' Map The work is due on your Lab One web page by 5:00 p.m. Monday, Feb. 1. Lab One: Asking Questions of Maps Interacting with the 'This Dynamic Planet' Map USGS GNIS query demo: When you FINISH Exercise One and Lab One: Beautify your site and Stick around and help others