Review for County Test on the Scientific Method, Water, Macromolecules &

Enzymes.

Place the following in order from smallest (least complex) to largest (most complex).

Atoms, Cells, Macromolecule, Monomers, Organs, Organ systems, Organelles, Organism, Tissues

Atom, Monomers, Macromolecules, Organelles, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems, Organism.

Vitamins

Organic or Inorganic?

Function?

D, C, K function?The major biologic function of vitamin D is to maintain normal blood levels of calcium and

phosphorus. Calcium is a mineral in your body that makes up your bones and keeps them strong. Phosphorus is a mineral that helps

maintain good teeth and bones and keep muscles and nerves working properly. Vitamin D aids in the absorption of calcium, helping to form and

maintain strong bones. Without vitamin D, bones can become thin, brittle and soft. Vitamin D

prevents rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults. Rickets causes skeletal deformities.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) assists the body in the production of collagen, a basic component of connective tissues. Collagen is an important structural element in blood vessel walls, gums, and bones, making it particularly important to those recovering from wounds and surgery.

Vitamin C also acts as an antioxidant, scavenging potentially harmful molecules called free radicals. Although not firmly established by clinical trials, this antioxidant capacity may help boost immune function, protect against cancer, cataracts, age-related macular degeneration of the retina, and other chronic diseases. Vitamin C intake may be particularly helpful to smokers, as they are more likely to suffer from oxidative stress and cell damage that can deplete vitamin C. Vitamin C also enhances iron absorption.

Vitamin K is necessary for normal blood clotting and synthesis of proteins found in plasma, bone, and kidneys.

Hosted

Mrs. Lower

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400400

Scientific Method Water Macro.

Mol.

Enzymes

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400

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100

Row 1, Col 1

List the steps in the scientific method.

Problem, research, hypothesis, design experiment, do the experiment & collect data, draw conclusion.,

1,2

Put the following in order from Smallest to largest: atom, cell, Molecule, organ, organ system,

Organelle.

Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, organ, organ system, organism.

1,3

List the elements for each of theFour types of

Macromolecules.

CHO = carbs & lipids; CHON – proteins CHONP – nucleic acids.

1,4

What type of macromoleculeIs an enzyme.

What is a protein?

2,1

A man wants to test whether Dogs prefer dog food round

or square shapes. Name both the Independent & dependent variable.

Independent – type of dog food. Dependent – amount of each type eaten.

2,2

Describe the atomsIn a water molecule &

State which are positivelyCharged & which negatively

charged.

Two hydrogen covalently bonded to 1 oxygen. Hydrogen has a positive charge, Oxygen a negative

charge.

2,3

List the monomer/s for all4 types of macromolecules.

Monosaccharide – carbs.; fatty acids & glycerol = lipids; amino acids – proteins; nucleotides – nucleic acids.

2,4

What is the purpose of enzymes.

Lower the energy of activation for chemical reactions. Or to be a catalyst?

3,1

Independent – enzyme concentration. Dependent variable – rate of reaction.

Name the independent & dependent variables on this graph

3,2

What is polarity. Name one property of water that can be

Explained because of itsPolarity.

Water has a positive end (H) & a negative end (O). Properties include – adhesion, cohesion, solubility, high

specific heat & surface water tension. Also the lower density of water when it freezes.

3,3

List the function of each of the4 types of macromolecules.

Carbs – energy; Lipids- cell membranes, insulation, wax, hormones. Proteins- structure & enzymes Nucleic

acids – carry hereditary information b/c they are the instructions for making proteins.

3,4

A – substrates B- enzyme C- product D enzyme

B

AC

D

Name each of the labeled drawings.

4,1

Observations: Man, shirt, blue sky Inferences: The man is thinking, upset, daydreaming. It is summer. The man

is an executive.

List 2 observations & 2 inferences.

4,2

Explain why a pond freezesFrom the top down & not

The other way around.

Water becomes less dense when it freezes due to the hydrogen bonds so it floats to the top instead of sinking

to the bottom. (The water in contact with the air is colder.)

4,3

Describe the structural differencesBetween the carbs, lipids &

Proteins.

Carbs – rings of CHO; Lipids – chains & branches of CHO Proteins contain CHON

4,4

What is dehydration synthesis?

Which type of reaction is represented by the drawing above?

5,1

Design an experiment to test whether pH effects the rate of

Enzyme activity.

Treat the enzyme with different pH (acid, base, nuclear) & after a few minutes, add the enzyme and time for 1

Minute & measure the products.

5,2

1. What makes water able to Dissolve all other polar substancesSo well. (Describe how dissolving

Occurs.)2. Which part of water would be

Attracted to negative chlorineAtoms?

The positive hydrogen atoms surround the negative atoms of another substance and the negative oxygen surround the positive

atoms of the other substances. This cuts these atoms off from others = dissolving. Hydrogen would be attracted to the negative chlorine.

5,3

Explain how a positive & negativeTest is done for simple

Sugars.

Negative test = Benedicts + water in hot water bath. Record color.

Positive test= Benedicts + glucose in hot water bath. Record the color.

Test food & compare the colors to the positive & negative test.

5,4

Explain the lock & key theory Of enzyme activity.

The enzyme’s active site is the exact shape to fit a substrate; they join forming the enzyme-substrate complex which causes the substrate to split into 2 molecules or if 2 substrates; causes them to join

together.