Review 5 rome

RomeRome

VERISTIC (Topographical)VERISTIC (Topographical)

Blunt, unidealized portraits,Blunt, unidealized portraits,intended to convey intended to convey Republican virtues through Republican virtues through physiognomyphysiognomy(the study of the face):(the study of the face):--seriousness--seriousness--experience--experience--loyalty--loyalty--determination--determination

Rome: Republican-era sculptureRome: Republican-era sculpture

BATTLE OF ACTIUM (31 BC) BATTLE OF ACTIUM (31 BC)

Naval Battle, Ionian SeaNaval Battle, Ionian Sea

Octavian vs. combined Octavian vs. combined forces of Marc Antony and forces of Marc Antony and Cleopatra (Egyptian Cleopatra (Egyptian Ptolomeic Queen)Ptolomeic Queen)

Octavian: adopted son of Octavian: adopted son of Julius CaesarJulius Caesar

Caesarion: son of Julius Caesarion: son of Julius Caesar and Cleopatra; Marc Caesar and Cleopatra; Marc Antony, aligned with Antony, aligned with Cleopatra, tried to promote Cleopatra, tried to promote Caesarion as the true heir of Caesarion as the true heir of CaesarCaesar

27 BC:27 BC:AUGUSTUS AUGUSTUS (“Supreme(“SupremeRuler”) Ruler”)

Roman Empire Roman Empire

OctavianOctavian AugustusAugustus

Greek idealism: Greek idealism: generic generic (the perfectibility (the perfectibility of human nature)of human nature)

Roman idealism: Roman idealism: specific (highly specific (highly propagandistic)propagandistic)

Rome: Imperial sculpture Rome: Imperial sculpture

Greece:Greece:DoryphorosDoryphoros

Rome: AugustusRome: Augustus

Rome: Imperial sculpture Rome: Imperial sculpture

Augustus of Prima Porta Augustus of Prima Porta

Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima PortaRome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta

Ideal:Ideal:genericgenericideaidea

Ideal:Ideal:specificspecific

individualindividual

Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima PortaRome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta

Cupid: Son of Venus; Cupid: Son of Venus; father of Aeneas father of Aeneas

Dolphin: Symbol of Venus; Dolphin: Symbol of Venus; born from the sea born from the sea

Julio-Claudian line:Julio-Claudian line:Claimed to be Claimed to be

descended descended from Aeneasfrom Aeneas

Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)Rome: Imperial sculpture—Augustus of Prima Porta (Cuirass)

Parthian Parthian

Standard Standard

Roman soldier Roman soldier


Caelus: canopy of the sky Caelus: canopy of the sky

Moon: descending Moon: descending Sun: ascending Sun: ascending

Apollo: sun Apollo: sun Diana: moon Diana: moon

Mother Earth figure with Mother Earth figure with cornucopia (horn of cornucopia (horn of plenty): Wealth and plenty): Wealth and

bounty of the new age bounty of the new age that is dawning that is dawning


Return of standards signifies Return of standards signifies the dawn of a new era under of the dawn of a new era under of pride and patriotism under pride and patriotism under Augustus, which will lead to Augustus, which will lead to Roman prosperity.Roman prosperity.

Ara Pacis AugustaeAra Pacis Augustae

Ara: altarAra: altarPacis: peacePacis: peace

Augustae: AugustanAugustae: Augustan

““The Altar ofThe Altar ofAugustan Peace”Augustan Peace”

Rome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaRome: early Imperial art—Augustan propagandaARA PACISARA PACIS

Context:Context:CAMPUS MARTIUSCAMPUS MARTIUS



AeneasAeneasShrine Shrine

Sow Sow

Peace and bounty carried over earth and sea, blown by wind Peace and bounty carried over earth and sea, blown by wind and carried by waters to four corners of the earthand carried by waters to four corners of the earth

++


POMPEIIPOMPEIIMT. VESUVIUSMT. VESUVIUS

Roman paintingRoman painting

NERO:NERO:--He commits suicide in --He commits suicide in 68 AD.68 AD.--The Senate declares him --The Senate declares him an enemy of the state an enemy of the state and Galba, a Roman and Galba, a Roman governor in Spain, governor in Spain, marches on Rome.marches on Rome.--Nero commits suicide --Nero commits suicide and Galba becomesand Galba becomes emperoremperor--Galba is assassinated --Galba is assassinated and two other emperors and two other emperors quickly come and goquickly come and go--The eastern armies --The eastern armies declare their general,declare their general, Vespasian, as emperor.Vespasian, as emperor.

Vespasian Vespasian

Rome: Imperial portraiture—Vespasian (return to veristic style)Rome: Imperial portraiture—Vespasian (return to veristic style)

Vespasian Vespasian

Flavian Ampitheater:Flavian Ampitheater:““COLOSSEUM” COLOSSEUM”

Doric (Tuscan)Doric (Tuscan)

Corinthian pilastersCorinthian pilasters

Corinthian Corinthian

IonicIonic

Roman architecture: The COLOSSEUMRoman architecture: The COLOSSEUM

Roman architecture: arch constructionRoman architecture: arch construction

VOUSSOIRS:VOUSSOIRS:wedge-shaped blocks wedge-shaped blocks which comprise an which comprise an archarch

KEYSTONE:KEYSTONE:Central voussoirsCentral voussoirs

FORCE ABSORBS FORCEFORCE ABSORBS FORCE= STABILITY= STABILITY


ARCADE: Series of archesARCADE: Series of arches



VAULT: an arch extended in space VAULT: an arch extended in space

Roman monuments: arches Roman monuments: arches

Arch of TitusArch of Titus

TRIUMPHAL ARCH TRIUMPHAL ARCH (Triumph)(Triumph)

Triumphal ColumnsTriumphal ColumnsColumn of TrajanColumn of Trajan

Roman monuments: columns Roman monuments: columns

Roman monuments: The Column of Trajan Roman monuments: The Column of Trajan

Celebrates victory over the Dacians Celebrates victory over the Dacians

Roman architecture: Forums—Basilicas Roman architecture: Forums—Basilicas

Roman architecture: Basilicas Roman architecture: Basilicas

APSEAPSEAPSE APSE

NAVE: main hall NAVE: main hall

NAVENAVE

APSE: semi-ciruclar space APSE: semi-ciruclar space at ends at ends

Roman Imperial portraiture: HadrianRoman Imperial portraiture: Hadrian

Bearded: Bearded: To appear moreTo appear more

““Greek”Greek”

Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli

Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli Roman architecture: Villa Adriana (Hadrian’s Villa), Tivoli

Antinoos:Antinoos: Hadrian’sHadrian’s loverlover

CANOPUS:CANOPUS:Surrounded by statues of Surrounded by statues of

Antinoos as NarcissusAntinoos as Narcissus

PANTHEON:PANTHEON: All the (planetary) godsAll the (planetary) gods

Hadrianic architecture: The Pantheon Hadrianic architecture: The Pantheon

DiocletianDiocletian The TETRARCHY:The TETRARCHY:Four rulersFour rulers

(Augusti and Caesari)(Augusti and Caesari)

Constantine (the Great) Constantine (the Great)

Battle of the Milvian Bridge, Battle of the Milvian Bridge, 312 AD312 AD

The Vision of ConstantineThe Vision of Constantine

CHI RHO CHI RHO ““Chi” + “rho” + istos Chi” + “rho” + istos

““Christos” Christos”

The Arch of Constantine The Arch of Constantine

SPOLIA SPOLIA

The Arch of Constantine The Arch of Constantine

Carved for the arch:Carved for the arch:a less classical stylea less classical style

Spolia—recycled fromSpolia—recycled fromearlier monuments:earlier monuments:

classical styleclassical style

Documents

Review 5 rome