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Tips to Being a Profitable Retail Pharmacy
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26/02/2016 Retailing in Pharma: Opportunities & Challenges
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Retailing in Pharma: Opportunities & Challenges
By
Punit Kumar DwivediAsst. Professor
Bankatlal Badruka College for Information TechnologyHyderabad
C. Chandra Shekar ReddyAsst. Professor
Badruka College PG CentreHyderabad
INTRODUCTION
In the current globalized retail era it is very tough task to fight and survive in the global as well as localmarket. The Pharma sector is one among sectors which is facing hard competition in is industry. Byintroduction of retail malls the customers are getting all the daily use commodities under a single roof. They are getting each and everything which are basic as well as secondary requirement for a high,middle and lower class segment of global society. Now the question arises what will be the future ofsmall retailer in pharma industry? The answer is considering that pharma retailing is clubbed with fastmoving consumer goods retailing in most cases. The consumer is getting everything in air conditionedenvironment – fruits, garments, healthcare articles as well as fulfilling other essential requirements. Sowe can say it is "starting end" of small pharma retailers or we will use a hindi phrase – "Swagat kehisaath vida ki hoti dekhi tayyari".
THE VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS
The term Value Chain is used for adding some extra utilities in the product and then supply / sale it to theend user. The value chain activity starts at the time of production and ends not after selling butcontinues till the consumption by the customer. It includes different services provided by retailer / wholeseller or manufacturer to the enduser customer. The value chain of a pharmaceutical company alsoconsists of all physical and technological distinct activities within the organization that add value to theconsumers experience. For all types of production organizations their must be some –
26/02/2016 Retailing in Pharma: Opportunities & Challenges
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1) Primary Activities &2) Supporting Activities
The primary activity of a sample value chain are
1. Inbound logistics 2. Operations3. Outbound logistics4. Sales & marketing5. Services
The each and every product in case of any organization will have to pass through all the primaryactivities then only product can easily face the competition and prove superiority. Retailing comes undersales and marketing and services segment. The terms logistics means the art of stationing and moving. Inbound logistics deals with how the company is getting its raw material and sources to manufacture acertain product. Where operation is a process or procedure or stages of product development by usingraw materials, chemicals and machinery and know how and other essential requirements for operationalactivity. The next stage is outbound logistics which deals with packaging of goods or commodity. A goodpacking is good market making. It totally depends upon the size of commodity. It is only managementcontrol activity to ensure the type of packaging by thinking about the customer's conveyance as well assafety of product. For the organizational welfare this is another management control activity to "thinkabout the cost" packing".
The next step after the outbound logistics is delivery of product i.e. sales & marketing. By using differentsales promotion activities like – advertising through different medias we can sell our product and also wecan increase our turnover. At this stage the management has to think about the advertising cost as wellas other sales promotion activities and transportation cost to deliver the product to the various stockists,wholesellers, retailers and distributors.
The last step of primary activity of a value chain is services. In business terminology we can say"Service to customer is service to God" because customer is King in the market and concerns areentertainer to the king. Here we have to face lot of competition with our competitors. The customersatisfaction is only 100% which encourage the products to do something new which results in growth ofentrepreneurship.
The supporting activities are frameworks or structure under which all the basic / primary activities fulfillstheir best. We can take the example of few very important supporting activities.
* Organizational structure* Organizational infrastructure* Human resource management* Technology Upgradation and* Procurement.
With the help of these above supporting activities the concern achieves its great success by producinggood quality product which has good demand in the market and which helps in capturing market andcreating the monopoly situation.
India is now considered as a fastest developing economy in the world. India is developing in every areaof economy i.e in education, technology, agriculture, power generation, Information technology, spacetechnology, development in roads, railways and airways etc. We consider trade and commerce are thecore areas of any country, here we consider retailing has to be given more emphasis as it is the subjectof every common man in India today. In Pharma Retailing there are two types of sectors :
1. Organised Pharma Sector : Pharma chains like Apollo Pharmacy ,Med plus, Subhiksha, Hetero Etc.2. Unorganised Pharma Sector : Unknown and Small retail outlets.
The organized pharma chains are generally owned by large and Established business houses which havedecades of experience in handling large Industries, organized businesses etc. They have expertise inTrading various Drugs, Manufacturing Drugs, Processing , Packaging , Logistics Handling , InventoryManagement, cold storages etc.
These players are high end and deal in bulk quantities of rawmaterials, Processing of raw materials tofinished drug formulations. Branding the finished products then packaging and labeling the drugs and theyhave expertise in using all tools of marketing mix i.e
1. Product2. Price 3. Place4. Promotion
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5. Service etc.
Advantages to Organised Pharma Sectors/ Pharma chains
1. Economies of scale : The large players in pharma retail sector buy Raw material in bulk quantity,process in bulk quantity, package in big lots, use high technology in processing, packaging andtransporting, so they get the finished drugs at the lowest possible prices.
2. Technology driven : These large players use modern ,latest and automated machinery inmanufacturing Drugs, in Inventory management, supply chain management, use of latest display tools,free samples to Doctors and hospitals etc.
3. Retailing their own pharma brands/generic brands along with competitors brands : It helps inpromoting their own brands/generic brands which can fetch more profits using push strategy throughdoctors and hospitals by providing free samples, sponsoring free treatment to patients.
4. Passing advantages to patients and consumers : With the optimum use of available resources andtechnology, some price. Advantages can be passed over to patients
5. Increase in market share and profits : With all the advantages from points 1 to 4 above the pharmachains can achieve higher market share and profits.
6. Discount parameter : According to the latest selfstudy we have found that up to 10% discount isoffered by retail pharmacy chains like Apollo, Hetero, Subhiksha and Med Plus.
The second type of pharma retailers are the individual outlets i.e small retail medical shops
DISADVANTAGES TO SMALL RETAILERS
1. No economies of scale to small medical stores : These small stores buy in small quantities fromdrug distributors with higher prices with no schemes thereby it reduces profit margins
2. Small geographic area : These small retail medical shops operate from small lanes and bylaneswhere it could cater to limited range of patients who belong to that surroundings only. This results inlower turnover of sales resulting in lower profits.
3. No home delivery services : These small medical shops generally run on low man power or sometimes run as a family business and therefore cannot effort to hire persons for home delivery ofmedicines.
4. Winding up of medical shops : Notwithstanding the business threats from large pharma chain storesmost of these stores close their stores by sustaining huge loses.
5. Losses from expiry of medicines : New formulas are frequently launched into the market anddoctors always want to try new formulas on patients thereby sales of old formulas are slowed downwhich causes huge quantity of expires of medicines which in turn result in heavy loses.
6. Discounts can not be offered : Small medical shops buy in smaller quantities and cannot avail theadvantage of various schemes on quantity purchases, there by their unit purchase prices are higher andcan not offer discount to patients/ customers.
MAIN ACTIVITIES INVOLVED IN RETAILING
1. Choosing store location : Three attributes are important to all retail locations
a. Attractivenessb. Conveniencec. Proximity
2. Sourcing / Buying / Vendor Partnership / Supply Chain Management
3. Achieving efficiencies in retail operations
a. MarginTurnover positionb. Investment productivityc. Space Productivityd. Employee Productivitye. Average size of transactions
AN ILLUSTRATION OF SUBHIKSHA DISCOUNT CHAIN
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Subhiksha gets about 30 days credit from suppliers and uses about 7 days for its cycle, saving 23 daysvalue. Subiksha has three models :
1. Pharmacies only which are 150 square feet in area.2. Departmental stores plus pharmacies, 10001200 square feet, and3. Supermarkets plus Pharmacies, 16002000 square feet.
To include pharmaceuticals has been a particularly good strategic move for the store. Medical expense issomething that most middleclass people dread. By offering pharmaceuticals at all its stores at 10percent discount, Subhiksha has built customer loyalty. Subhiksha had to face furious opposition atevery stage from fellow retail traders as manufacturers and companies have tried refusing to supplySubhiksha. The tactic of offering pharmaceuticals at a 10 percent discount in particular, caused a greatdeal of controversy. Pharma companies, distributors and chemists have been up in arms against thediscounting by Subhiksha.
To be able to offer such a high level of discount and still be profitable, Subhiksha needed three things,
1. Command large volumes to enable volume discounts from 2. Manufacturers and cut out middleman3. Slash overheads and inventory costs.
The Subhiksha Stores have none of the frills of the large outlets. They are simple, functional outlets,directly operated, not franchised and comparatively small.
The Subhiksha format rests on two main planks
1. Lower prices 2. Neighbourhood stores
Subhiksha believes that the MRP is just a cap on prices and prefers to sell everything at less then MRP. Itmanages to provide discounts in the range of 10 percent on nearly all products. Subhiksha's appeal to theaverage middle class household is considerable, the price savings mean a lot for them.
CONCLUSION
In the field of pharma retail the Apollo Hospital enterprise is doing its business with more than 642pharmacies across the country with an aim to reach 1000 units at the end of profit year 2008. Las yearApollo added 262 pharmacies and gained the profit of Rs.8.8 crore. Now they have aim to reach Rs.16crore for the year 200809. The share of organized retail in the total market is likely to grow many foldfrom existing 2% in the coming year. The latest Indian retail review shows that in the year 2010 thisrate will be 20% because growth is attracting new players in the market. So in conclusion we can saythat though there is hike in retail market and specially in organized retail. Then we have what will befuture of unorganized small retailers. I am using the sentence for small retailers of famous HindiNovelist Premchand "Kisaan ab apni hi zameen par mazdoor bankar reh jayega.
REFERENCES
Business worldBusiness & EconomyV.S. Ramaswami & S. Namkumari Business line.The HinduEconomic Times.
Punit Kumar DwivediAsst. Professor
Bankatlal Badruka College for Information Technology Hyderabad
C. Chandra Shekar ReddyAsst. Professor
Badruka College PG CentreHyderabad
Source: Email August 12, 2008
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