(RestoDent) Caries Accdg to Surfaces

7/31/2019 (RestoDent) Caries Accdg to Surfaces

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D. CAVITIES ACCORDINGTO THE NUMBER OF

SURFACES INVOLVED


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1. Simple cariesWhen the lesion is confined to a single surface


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2. Compound carieswhen two surfaces are involved

Compound CariesLesion not joined


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Compound cariesLesion joined


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3. Complex carieswhen three or more surfaces are involved

Complex cariesLesion not joined


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Complex cariesLesion joined


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NON CARIOUS TOOTH DEFECTS

TERMINOLOGY


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1. Abrasion

abnormal tooth surface lossresulting from direct frictionforces between the teethand external objects orfrom frictional forcesbetween contacting teethcomponents in thepresence of abrasivemedium

(a) improper tooth brushingtechniques

(b) habits holding pipe stemby the teeth

(c) tobacco chewing

(d) use of toothpicks

toothbrush abrasion sharp,V-shaped notch in the gingivalportion of the facial aspect ofthe teeth.


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Clinical Features:

loss of tooth structure at site of wear

sensitivity possible


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Etiology:

repetitive mechanical habit; using a hard

toothbrush, improper brushing technique alongthe gumline, grinding or chewing hard objects

or food

Treatment: prevention; restoration, fluoride applications

and tooth-colored bonding.

Prognosis:

Once the gums begin to recede, root surfaces

become exposed and sensitivity to hot and

cold temperatures soon follow.


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On a dentalradiograph, toothbrush abrasionappears as a well-defined horizontalradiolucency along thecervical region of atooth(see red

arrows). Clinically, theareas affected byabrasion appear ashard, highly polisheddefects in dentin andshould not beconfused with rootcaries that appearsbrown and leathery.


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2. Erosion is thewear or loss of toothsurface bychemicomechanicalaction.

- regurgitation ofstomach acids

- habitual sucking oflemons


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3. Attrition mechanical

wear of the incisal or

occlusal surface as a

result of functional or

parafunctional

movements of the

mandible.

- affects proximalcontact areas


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Attrition


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4. Abfraction microfractures occur as the

cervical area of the tooth flexes under loads.


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Clinical Features:

wedge-shaped notching at cervical areas of

involved teeth adults


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Etiology:

biomechanical forces on teeth

Treatment:

restoration; may not require treatment

Prognosis:

Once the enamel is gone, then dentin is exposedand the teeth are more susceptible to decay,sensitivity and more wearing down.


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Note that abfraction is differentthan toothbrush abrasion withwhich it is often confused.

Toothbrush abrasion is causedby overbrushing with a hardbristle toothbrush, whileabfraction is caused byexcessive pressure applied tothe teeth by severe bruxing

habits. While abfraction tends to be a

"dished out" defect, toothbrush

abrasion tends to be a "notch"

in the tooth surface just above

the gumline.

abfraction

abrasion


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5. Fractures

a. incomplete fracture not directly involving vital pulp

greenstick fracture

b. complete fracture not involving vital pulp

c. fracture involving vital pulp


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6. Nonhereditary enamelhypoplasia

- occurs when theameloblasts are injuredduring enamel formation

- seen on anterior teethand first molars; opaque

white or light brown areaswith smooth intact hardsurface


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7. Amelogenesisimperfecta

- enamel is defectiveeither in form orcalcification as aresult of heredity

8. Dentinogenesisimperfecta

- hereditarycondition in which

dentin is defective

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta.


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G. V. BLACKS CLASSIFICATION

OF CARIES


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Class l

Carious lesions that

are located in pits and

fissures of the occlusal

surfaces of molars and

premolars, occlusal 2/3

of the buccal and

lingual surfaces of

molars, and the lingual

surface of anteriorteeth.


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Class 1


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Class ll

Carious lesionsthat are located

on the proximal

surfaces of

premolars and

molars.


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Class 2


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Class lll

Carious lesions

that are located

on the proximal

surfaces ofanterior teeth

that do not

involve the

incisal angle.


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Class lV

Carious lesions

that are located

on the proximal

surfaces ofanterior teeth

involving the

incisal angle.


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Class V

Carious lesions

that are located

on the gingival

1/3 of the facialand lingual

surfaces of both

anterior and

posterior teeth.


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Class Vl

Cavities on the incisal edges and cusp tips.


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b p

d p

l p

m p

d b m p

m ld l

dbp mbp

mlpdlp

b

d

l

m

p


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li

g

laa

axiogingival

axiolabial/facial

axiolingual

linguogingival

labio/faciogingival

incisal

axioincisal

axiolinguogingival

axiolabiogingival


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i

m

g

da

a i

axiomesial

a g

axiodistal

d i

m i

m gd g

a d i

a m i

a m g

a d g

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(RestoDent) Caries Accdg to Surfaces