Respiratory Protection and Hearing Conservation Programs · Full facepiece (negative or positive pressure) • Covers mouth, nose and eyes • APF = 10 Qualitative Fit Test • APF

12017© 3M #3MScienceofSafety |

Respiratory Protection and Hearing Conservation Programs

Jessica Hauge, CIH, CSPMay 2018


Agenda

FIRST - Is respiratory protection program (RPP) is required?

Elements of a RPP

• Respirator Selection

• Medical Evaluations

• Respirator Use

• Respirator Maintenance & Care

• Training

Annual Program Evaluation

Record Keeping

Voluntary Use


Is a RPP Required?

Must complete exposure assessment.

Keep in mind hierarchy of controls. Use respirators only when…

• Other controls not feasible

• During interim while other controls are being implemented.

Perform Exposure Assessment

Is exposure acceptable?

Evaluate and implement control strategies, and require

respirators as an interim control.

Requirements for respirator wearers in Mandatory Use Areas:- Selection- Respirator Medical Evaluation- Formal Training- Fit Testing- Recordkeeping

Unknown

Collect data if none exists, or analyze exisiting data to determine the acceptability of

exposures

Yes

Is voluntary use

allowed?NoNo respirator

required

Requirements for respirator wearers in Voluntary Use Areas:- Selection- Respirator Medical Evaluation- Voluntary training- Recordkeeping

Yes

No


Elements of Written RPP

Written worksite-specific procedures for:

• Respirator selection

• Medical evaluations

• Use of respirators

• Maintenance and care

• Assuring adequate air quality

• Training

• Program evaluation


Selecting a Respirator1. Calculate hazard ratio, using exposure limit (EA) and relevant OEL.• Exposure levels vs. exposure limit

• Types of OELs

2. Select respirator with assigned protection factor (APF) higher than HR.

3. Choose correct respirator for type of respiratory hazard: • Oxygen deficiency

• Particulate

• Gas or vapor

• Combinations

4. Consider other environmental factors.

𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻 =𝐶𝐶𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂

𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 > 𝐻𝐻𝐻𝐻

• Exposure levels vs. IDLH concentration

• “Unknown” = IDLH


Assigned Protection Factors (APFs)

Half Facepiece Respirators = 10 APF

APF of 10 means…… 10X reduction inside respirator

Outside MaskConcentration

Inside MaskConcentration


APFs of Respirator Headpiece Categories - OSHA

Half facepiece (negative pressure)• Covers mouth and nose• APF = 10

Full facepiece (negative or positive pressure)• Covers mouth, nose and eyes• APF = 10 Qualitative Fit Test• APF = 50 Quantitative Fit Test• APF = 1,000 in positive pressure mode

Loose-fitting Headgear (positive pressure)• Covers face and most of head• APF = 25

Hoods and helmets (positive pressure)• Covers face, entire head and shoulders• APF = 25/1,000*

*The employer must have evidence provided by the respirator mfg. that testing of these respirators demonstrates performance at a level of protection of 1,000 or greater to receive an APF of 1000.

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Consider Other Workplace Characteristics

• Physical stressors

• Tight spaces

• Work on ladders, scaffolds, etc.

• Heat/cold, humidity

• Moving parts or other safety hazards

• Communication requirements

• Vision requirements / eye protection requirements

• Duration of respirator use


Written worksite specific procedures for:






• Training and fit testing




Medical Evaluation

Purpose: evaluate employees’ health to determine if any health issues prevent them from wearing respirators safely.

In United States:

Must be performed by physician or other licensed health care professional (PLHCP).

Must be completed for all mandatory users and for voluntary wearers of respirators other than disposable respirators.








• Training




Fit Testing of Tight-fitting Respirators

Purpose: to determine the respirator style and size that can protect an individual to an acceptable level.

Required for tight-fitting respirators.• Not required for loose-fitting headtops and hoods.

Repeat annually, or earlier if facial scarring, dental surgery, excessive weight loss or gain

Qualitative fit testing (QLFT) or Quantitative fit-testing (QNFT)


QLFT vs. QNFT

Qualitative (QLFT) Quantitative (QNFT)

Subjective Objective

Validated < 10 x PEL FF’s have not been shown to correlate with workplace

performance

Simple, quick Must fit test one at a time

Inexpensive Expensive

Potential for sensory fatigue

Can facilitate record-keeping

Both can be good training tools.


When Is Quantitative Required?

Type of Respirator QLFT QNFTHalf-Face, Negative Pressure, APR (≤100 fit factor) Yes YesFull-Face, Negative Pressure, APR (≤100 fit factor) used in atmospheres up to 10 times the PEL

Yes Yes

Full-Face, Negative Pressure, APR (>100 fit factor) No YesPAPR Yes YesAtmosphere Supplying Respirators, or SCBA used in Negative Pressure (Demand Mode) (>100 fit factor)

No Yes

Atmosphere Supplying Respirators or SCBA used in Positive Pressure (Pressure Demand Mode)

Yes Yes

SCBA - Structural Fire Fighting, Positive Pressure Yes YesSCBA/Atmosphere Supplying - IDLH, Positive Pressure Yes YesMouthbit Respirators Fit testing not

required.Loose-fitting Respirators (e.g., hoods, helmets)

Any time you need to demonstrate a fit factor that is different from 100.


Facial Hair

Can cause leakage at the facepiece-to-face seal (even stubble).

Hoods and loose-fitting headgear can accommodate limited facial hair, including beards, as long as they don’t interfere with respirator function.

No facial hair between sealing surface of facepiece and face.


Filtering Facepieces:

Cover respirator. Inhale sharply. (Also exhale sharply if no valve). If air leaks, readjust respirator.

Note: Refer to respirator manufacturers instruction for proper user seal check instructions.

User Seal Checks

Negative Pressure Cover cartridge Inhale Gently Check for air leaks

Positive Pressure Cover exhale valve cover Exhale Gently Check for air leaks

Reusable (Elastomeric) Respirators:


Cartridge/Filter Change-out Schedule

Gases and Vapors• Never rely on odor – some OUS regulatory systems allow, but OSHA

does not. • If you smell it, you’re already exposed. • And you can’t smell everything before you’re exposed.

• Use manufacturer software/website to calculate cartridge service life.• May need to know physical and chemical properties of the

contaminants to calculate change-out schedule.• In the U.S., OSHA has specified change-out schedules for some

contaminants.ParticulatesN: Until difficult to breathe throughR: Single shiftP: 3M recommends 40 hours or 30 days, whichever comes first.









• Training



Maintenance and Care of Respirators

Inspect before each use and during cleaning.

Cleaning:1. Clean – warm water & mild detergent 2. Disinfect – dilute bleach solution3. Rinse thoroughly 4. Dry – air or hand

Repair only with regulatorily approved parts.

Store in clean environment, away from extreme temps, moisture, sunlight.


Air Quality and Training Requirements

Assuring adequate air quality (for Supplied Air)Grade D breathing air (ANSI standard):• Oxygen content (v/v) of 19.5-23.5%;• Hydrocarbon (condensed) content of 5 milligrams per cubic meter of air or less;• Carbon monoxide (CO) content of 10 ppm or less;• Carbon dioxide content of 1,000 ppm or less; and• Lack of noticeable odor.

Training required at least annually, or when changes occur.• Why respirator is used• How improper fit, usage, or maintenance can compromise respirator’s effectiveness• Capabilities and limitations• Inspection, donning, doffing, user seal checks• Maintenance and storage• Recognizing medical signs and symptoms that may limit effective use of respirators

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• Training and fit testing



Program Evaluation

Survey workplace to ensure that the written respiratory protection program is being properly implemented.

Consult employees to ensure that they are using the respirators properly.

Account for Changes• Processes• Procedures• Raw materials• Engineering• Employee functions• Seasonal

Audit annually – review written program, interviews, etc.


APFPercent of Time Respirator Worn

80 90 95 100

10 3.6 5.3 6.9 10

25 4.3 7.4 11.4 25

50 4.6 8.5 14.5 50

1000 4.98 9.9 19.6 1000

10000 4.99 9.99 19.9 10000

March 22, 2011

Effective Protection Factor


Recordkeeping

Medical evaluation (40 years)

Fit testing (retained until next fit test)

Written copy of the current program

Training documentation (3 years)

Record of inspection for emergency use respirators (tag or electronic)

Certificate of analysis for air quality

Record of change dates on compressor sorbents and filters (tag)


Requirements for Voluntary Use

When employees ask to wear respirators voluntarily:• Confirm that use does not create a hazard.

• Provide respirators

• Medical evaluation

• One-time training – Appendix D

• Cleaning, storing and maintenance

OSHA makes distinction between disposable and elastomeric voluntary use:• For disposable respirators, only provide Appendix D as training.


3M Resource – Center for Respiratory Protection

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https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/safety-centers-of-expertise-us/respiratory-protection/

https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/safety-centers-of-expertise-us/respiratory-protection/


Thank you

Documents

Respiratory Protection and Hearing Conservation Programs · Full facepiece (negative or positive pressure) • Covers mouth, nose and eyes • APF = 10 Qualitative Fit Test • APF