8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 1/21

RESPIRATION

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 2/21

• Respiration = chemical process whereby

energy is released from glucose or other

simple substances

• Oxygen taken into body when we breathe• Glucose from food we eat

• Exchange of gases known as breathing

Human breathing mechanism

  Glucose + oxygen energy + carbon dioxide + water

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 3/21

tructure of human respiratory

system

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 4/21

tructure of lung

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 5/21

• !ungs are made up of "

 # bronchioles

 # $l%eoli &singular " al%eolus'

 # (lood capilaries

• !ungs are protected by rib cage

• )horacic ca%ity = houses of the lung

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 6/21

*low of air from the atmosphere to

the lungs

 $l%eolus

 ostril

(ronchiole

(ronchus

)rachea

asal ca%ity

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 7/21

• Gaseous exchange takes place in the

lungs by diffusion

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 8/21

•  $n al%eolus has adaptations to allow it to

exchange gases effecti%ely, -t has"

 # !arge surface area

 # )hin and elastic walls

 # urround by a network of blood capillaries

 # .oist surface

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 9/21

• /rocess of taking air into lung = inhalation

•  $ir enter lung = inhaled air 

• /rocess of expelling air from lung =exhalation

•  $ir expelled from lung = exhaled air 

)he breathing mechanism

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 10/21

-nhalation

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 11/21

Exhalation

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 12/21

-nhalation Exhalation

External intercostal

muscles contract

External intercostal

muscles relax

Rib cage mo%es upwardsand outwards

Rib cage mo%esdownwards and inwards

)he diaphragm contractsand flattens

)he diaphragm relaxesand cur%es upwards

)he %olume of thethoracic ca%ity increase

)he %olume of thethoracic ca%ity decrease

)he air pressure in thethoracic ca%ity decreases

)he air pressure in thethoracic ca%ity increases

 $ir enters the lungs $ir is forced out of the

lungs

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 13/21

)he breathing mechanism

(alloon expand (alloon contract

(ell 0ar 

Glass tube

Rubber sheet

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 14/21

• (ell 0ar = rib cage

• (alloons = lungs• Rubber sheet = diaphragm

• 1hen rubber sheet is pulled downwards2 air

pressure inside bell 0ar is lowered, (alloonsexpand

• 1hen rubber sheet is pulled upwards2 air

pressure inside bell 0ar increased, (alloonscontract

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 15/21

)ransport of oxygen in the human

body

• -n%ol%e the following process

 # 3iffusion of oxygen from the al%eoli into blood

capillaries

 # )ransport of oxygen by red blood cells # 3iffusion of oxygen from the blood capillaries into

cells

• Oxygen # diffuse from al%eoli to the blood

capillary• 4arbon dioxide 5 diffuse from blood capillary to

the al%eoli

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 16/21

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 17/21

• Oxyigen are not soluble in red blood cell

• red blood cell contain pigment 5 haemoglobin

red in coloured

• Oxygen will combine with haemoglobin

• Haemoglobin + O6 57 O6Hb&oxyhaemoglobin'

- t f h lth i t

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 18/21

-mportance of healthy respiratory

system

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 19/21

Effect of smoke to respiratory

system

• 4igarette smoke contains irritants chemical "

•  $ carcinogen 5 an agent directly in%ol%ed in

causing cancer,

• icotine # cause addicted

• 4arbon monoxide # cause death

• ulfur oxide # acidic = damages lung tissues

• )ar # blackens the lungs and causes them to beless efficient for gaseous exchange

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 20/21

(ahan # bahan lain yang

merbahaya

• Hasil daripada sisa industri seperti"

 # 3ebu simen

 # 3ebu arang

 # 3ebu asbestos

• /encemaran daripada asap kenderaan8

 # 9arbon monoksida

 # Hidrokarbon5 karsinogenik

 # itrogen oksida # hu0an asid

8/17/2019 Respiration Form 3 PPT

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/respiration-form-3-ppt 21/21

.asalah pernafasan

•   Bronkitis 5 se0enis keradangan atau

kerengsaan pada saluran pernafasan &tiub

bronkiul' di dalam paru5paru,

•  $sma 5 se0enis penyakit paru5paru yang

ter0adi akibat radang dan penguncupan

saluran pernafasan,

• 9anser paru 5 paru