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Resource efficiency indicators: material resource use and ecosystem capital maintenance. Jean-Louis Weber Special Adviser Economic-Environmental Accounting European Environment Agency. Mapping the issue. Ecosystem capital maintenance. Material resource use. Import-Export. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Resource efficiency indicators: material resource use
and ecosystem capital maintenance
Jean-Louis WeberSpecial Adviser
Economic-Environmental AccountingEuropean Environment Agency
Mapping the issue
Material resource use
Ecosystem capital maintenance
DMCCarbon
GDP
Fossil energy
Sand, gravel
Water
Biomass/ Carbon
MetalChemicals
Landscape
Water
Biodiversity
Atmosphere/ Climate
Biomass/ Carbon
Sea
TEP Land
TEP Air
TEPSea
Biomass/carbon acccounts (agriculture, forestry, …)
CO2
DMCSand/gravel
DMCWater
DMCother
Water accounts
Total Ecosystem Potential
Import-Export
Decoupling (1)from
material/energy inputs
Decoupling (2) from
environmental impacts
Resource efficiency:Double decoupling
DMCCarbon
GDP
Fossil energy
Sand, gravel
Water
Biomass/ Carbon
MetalChemicals
Landscape
Water
Biodiversity
Atmosphere/ Climate
Biomass/ Carbon
Sea
TEP Land
TEP Air
TEPSea
Biomass/carbon acccounts (agriculture, forestry, …)
CO2
DMCSand/gravel
DMCWater
DMCother
Water accounts
Total Ecosystem Potential
Import-Export
Decoupling (1)from
material/energy inputs
Decoupling (2) from
environmental impacts Phase 1:
TMI/DMC-Carbon & TEP Land
Interest and feasibility – First decoupling• TMI/DMC carbon:
– Conventional DMC sets aside water because of high numbers which could blurr the indicator; as a consequence, sand and gravel (named « non-metallic minerals ») make 50% of conventional DMC in Europe; the remaining materials is made of more than 90% of carbon materials (half-half fossil and biomass).
– Carbon materials are part of all the economic flows (as material or energy) when sand and gravel relate to the construction sector
– Carbon materials are important elements in international trade when the use of sand and gravel is local
it makes sense to focus on DMC Carbon (and TMI carbon) separately – Broad spectrum indicator, including the construction sector (high energy consumer for
cement)– Clear & focussed indicator: entropy of the economic system– Fossil and biological carbon:
• Main issues: energy, food, tradeoffs…, climate change mitigation• Balance economy-ecosystem
– Numeraire: tons of carbon or energy units – Supported by existing agriculture, forestry fishery and energy statistics, national accounts,
imports and exports statistics…– Supported by IPCC assessments and models– Possible computation of carbon embedded into import and exports
• Change in Total Ecosystem Potential– Clear and focussed indicator: loss of TEP = ecosystem degradation = future loss of
ecosystem services– Main dimensions (quantity and health) integrated via specific balances and
multicriteria diagnoses– Land/landscape accounts produced for 1990-2000-2006; nowcasting 2010 of
Landscape Ecological Potential under development– Carbon ecosystem accounts (first generation) under production– Water accounts:
• first accounts for soil water stress, 2000-2010 under production; • rivers and aquifers under development
– Biodiversity accounts under test– TEP/ Ecosystem Degradation methodology under test– Accounts supported by existing statistics on resource use and consumption
(agriculture, forestry, fishery…)– Accounts supported by Earth Observation monitoring programmes and by in situ
monitoring
Interest and feasibility – Second decoupling
Land cover flows 1990-2006 and mean LEP by landscape ecosystem unitsLand cover flows are measured according to the EEA LEAC methodology based on Corine land cover(J-L Weber and E. Ivanov, 2011)
Landscape Ecological Potential change 1990-2006, by ecosystem landscape unit(J-L Weber and E. Ivanov, 2011)
Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance by ecosystem landscape units(J-L Weber and E. Ivanov, 2011)
Soil water stress: % of days when no water is available for plants
One point in Germany
One point in Spain
Surplus streaming to rivers or infiltrating to groundwater
Surplus streaming to rivers or infiltrating to groundwater
Source: Blaz Kurnik, EEA, 2011
No water available for plants below this point (Wilting point)
No water available for plants below this point (Wilting point)
From specific balances to integrated diagnosis of ecosystem health and TEP Change
• Preliminary results
Intensive broad pattern agriculture areas
Agriculture areas with mosaic landscape
Dominant landscape types
NLEP summarises landscape greenness, natural value and fragmentation by main transport networks. It is produced for 1990-2000 and 2006 .
Net Landscape Ecosystem Potential by 1km2 standard European grid, 2000 and Change 1990-2000
Agriculture areas with mosaic landscape
Improvements of NLEP
Degradation of NLEP
Intensive broad pattern agriculture areas
NECB is the difference between biomass/carbon resources (NPP…) and uses (harvest of timber, crops as well as grazing). NECB is negative where tree clearing has taken place – which will be in general compensated by new vegetation in following years. NECB is very low and sometimes negative in intensive broad pattern agriculture areas – which is a structural deficit reflecting bad resource efficiency. Agriculture areas with mosaic landscape (e.g with hedgerows) have a positive NECB.
Net Ecosystem Carbon Balance by 1km2 standard European grid. 2000
Intensive broad pattern agriculture areas have bad
performance regarding biodiversity (purple cells) because
of low NECB (little biomass left available for biodiversity) and use
of chemicals.
Agriculture areas with mosaic landscape have not the good
performance expected regarding biodiversity (because of
hedgerows and positive NECB). The cause is likely to be the use
of pesticides…
Biodiversity index: here proportion of BAD/ALL in Art. 17 Reporting 2008
Deadlines and coverage• Version 0 (proof of concept) under production/development
– Land accounts and NLEP 1990-2000-2006; interpolation and nowcasting (up to 2010) ongoing
– Carbon accounts (NECB): 2000 produced, 2000-2010 time serie under production
– Water accounts: first accounts of soil water stress 2000, time serie 2010 under production
– Biodiversity accounts and index under development, based on exisitng data: EU reporting (Art.17), Species Specialisation Index and Ecotones 1990-2006.
– All accounts for EU 27 (and more), assimilated at the level of the standard Inspire 1km² grid to allow reporting by ecosystme landscpae units, river basins and subbasins, NUTS 0, 2, 3… biogeographic regions, coastal zones, mountain areas etc…
– TEP/ Ecosystem Degradation: Test in July 2011
• Accounts are simplified but capture main traits at the EU scale• Version 1 will start this summer