Research Report 2014

University of KentuckyMaxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center

Improving the Health and Well-being of the Horse

Research Report 2014Improving the Health and Well-being of the Horse

University of KentuckyMaxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center

Department of Veterinary Science108 Gluck Equine Research Center

Lexington, KY 40546-0099

Phone: (859) 257-4757Fax: (859) 257-8542

Website: http://www.ca.uky.edu/gluck

The University of Kentucky is committed to a policy of providing employment opportunities to all qualified people regardless of economic or social status and will not discriminate on the basis of race, color, ethnic origin, national origin, creed, religion, political belief, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, age, veteran status, or physical or mental disability.

Published in 2015 by the University of Kentucky Gluck Equine Research Foundation

Dean, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment and Director, Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station:

Nancy M. Cox, PhD

Interim Director of the Gluck Equine Research Center and Interim Chair of the Department of Veterinary Science:

David Horohov, PhD

Interim Executive Director of the Gluck Equine Research Foundation: Jenny Evans, MFA

Design and layout: Jenny Evans, MFAPrinted by: Thoroughbred Printing

Cover photo: Matt Barton

Table of Contents

UK Gluck Equine Research Foundation 2015 Board of Directors

About the Gluck Equine Research Center

Research Programs

Genetics and Genomics

Immunology

Infectious Diseases

Musculoskeletal Sciences

Parasitology

Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology

Reproductive Health

Grants and Scientific Publications

Competitive Grant Funding

Non-Competitive Grant Funding

Books/Chapters in Books

Refereed Journal Articles

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20-24

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UK Gluck Equine Research Foundation 2015 Board of Directors

OFFICERSMr. Case Clay, Chair

Dr. Stuart Brown, Vice ChairDr. Eli Capilouto, President

Dr. Timothy Tracy, Vice PresidentDr. Nancy Cox, Secretary

Ms. Susan Krauss, Treasurer

MEMBERSMrs. Shannon Arvin

Mr. Michael BanahanMs. Benny Bell Williams

Mr. Mark BellissimoMs. Jamie Eads

Dr. Rolf EmbertsonMr. William S. Farish, Jr. Mr. Thomas Grossman

Mr. Eric HamelbackDr. Robert E. Holland, Jr.

Dr. David HorohovMs. Lesley Howard

Mr. G. Watts Humphrey, Jr.Mr. William Lynn Jones

Ms. Lisa LourieDr. Everett McCorvey

Ms. Leigh McKee Mr. Michael MeuserMr. Chauncey Morris

Dr. Stephen ReedMr. Dan RosenbergMr. Dermot Ryan

Mr. William W. Thomason, Jr. Mr. Ron Wallace

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HistoryThe Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center is the

only scientific institute in the United States with nearly all faculty conducting full-time research in equine health and diseases.

Construction began on the 81,000 square foot facility in 1986 and was completed in 1987. The center is named af-ter the late Maxwell H. Gluck, owner of Elmendorf Farm in Lexington. Maxwell Gluck and his wife, Muriel, gener-ously donated $3 million to the University of Kentucky in 1983 for construction of the research facility on the condi-tion the gift be matched by $3 million from the state and $3 million from members of the horse industry.

Research The mission of the Gluck Center is scientific discov-

ery, education and dissemination of knowledge for the benefit of the health and well-being of horses.

Today, the Gluck Center faculty conduct equine re-search in six targeted areas: genetics and genomics, infec-tious diseases and immunology, musculoskeletal science, parasitology, pharmacology, therapeutics and toxicology and reproductive health.

Major research accomplishments of researchers at the Gluck Center has had an international impact on equine research. Some of the major research accomplishments include:

• World Organisation for Animal Health (O.I.E.)-des-ignated world reference laboratory for equine rhi-nopneumonitis, equine influenza and equine viral arteritis

• Developed six major vaccines to protect against strangles, equine influenza, equine rhinopneumoni-tis, equine viral arteritis, the shaker foal syndrome (toxoinfectious botulism) and validated field safety and efficacy of equine rotavirus vaccine

• Developed diagnostic serological tests for con-tagious equine metritis (CEM), Tyzzer’s disease, equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM), equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy, strangles and equine viral arteritis

• Developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for drug detection

• Demonstrated the usefulness of artificial lights and progesterone/estradiol treatments for hastening the onset of the breeding season

• Determined the genetic basis for and developed tests for inheritance of certain color coat traits

• Provided leadership in the sequencing of the com-plete genome of the horse and structural character-ization of horse genes

• Performed the definitive experiments that identified the cause of Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome

The Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center on the University of Kentucky campus

About the Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center

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dividuals from throughout the world who have expanded the body of knowledge of equine science through their contributions to basic or applied research.

The Equine Research Hall of Fame provides a lasting tribute to the most renowned equine researchers in a vari-ety of disciplines and serves as an international forum for honoring outstanding achievements in equine research.

Gluck Equine Research FoundationThe Gluck Equine Research Foundation was formed as

a non-profit organization to provide the exchange of in-formation between the Gluck Center and the horse indus-try and to secure research funds.

Since the Foundation’s inception, it has been highly supportive in raising funds for equine research, endowed faculty positions and facilities. Funding for graduate stu-dent support has allowed Gluck Center faculty to educate the next generation of scientists.

Industry OutreachProviding research information to the equine commu-

nity is an important facet of the Gluck Center. Informa-tion is shared through the Gluck Center’s website, www.ca.uky.edu/gluck, and three newsletters:

• Bluegrass Equine Digest (monthly)• Lloyd’s Equine Disease Quarterly• Research & Service Report (biennially)

Department of Veterinary ScienceThe Gluck Center is part of the Department of Veteri-

nary Science along with the Animal Genetics Testing and Research Laboratory (AGTRL) and the Veterinary Diag-nostic Laboratory (VDL).

The mission of the Department of Veterinary Science is to assure the health and viability of animal agriculture through teaching, discovery, research and service.

Faculty in the Department of Veterinary Science fre-quently collaborate on research projects with faculty in UK’s College of Agriculture, Food and Environment and College of Medicine, with veterinarians in central Ken-tucky and scientists at other institutions.

The Gluck Center is also part of the UK Ag Equine Pro-grams, an overarching concept for all equine activities in the College of Agriculture, Food and Environment. Cre-ated in 2005 as a front door to equine programs at UK, the UK Ag Equine Program’s mission is to discover, share and apply new knowledge that will enhance the health, performance and management of horses commensurate with the signature status of Kentucky’s equine industry.

Equine Research Hall of Fame The Equine Research Hall of Fame, established by the

University of Kentucky Equine Research Foundation (now the UK Gluck Equine Research Foundation), hon-ors those distinguished researchers who have dedicated their careers to equine science. The Hall of Fame is at the Gluck Center.

On Dec. 1, 1990, 12 scientists became the first induct-ees into this prestigious hall. Inductees are selected for the honor by an international scientific committee that evaluates the achievements and contributions of eminent researchers who were nominated by their peers and col-leagues. The inductees, active, retired or deceased, are in-

About the Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center

The late Maxwell and Muriel Gluck (top) do-nated $3 million to the University of Kentucky for construction of the research facility on the condition the gift be matched by the state and members of the horse industry. (Below) James Bassett III, former president of Keeneland, Mu-riel Gluck and former UK President Otis A. Singletary broke ground for the center in 1985.

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Genetics and Genomics Ernie Bailey, PhD, Professor

Education: PhD, University of California-Davis (Genetics), 1980; MS, University of California-Davis (Comparative Pathology), 1975;BS, University of California-Davis (Genetics), 1973

Interest: Immunogenetics and genom-ics—We are interested in the genetic influences on the innate

and adaptive immune systems which protect the horse from infectious diseases. Other interests include the development of the genetic map for horses and investigation of genes involved in the health of the horse such as contracted tendons, extreme lordosis and dwarfism.

Projects: •Genomics and gene mapping in horses.•Investigation of the hereditary aspects of EIPH, swayback, dwarfism, cataracts and equine arteritis virus susceptibility.

Graduate student:•John Eberth, MS, PhD Candidate – TBD.

Kathryn Graves, PhD, Assistant Clinical Professor and Director, Animal Genetics Testing and Research Labora-tory

Education: PhD, Cornell University, 1985; BS, Cook College, Rutgers Uni-versity, 1980

Interest: Overseeing a high quality Animal Genetics Testing and Re-search Laboratory and providing genotyping services to 50 equine registries. In addition, the lab offers specific tests for color genes and heritable disease mutations.

Projects: •Develop new DNA-based color tests.•Candidate gene sequencing to identify causative mutations for heritable diseases.

Research Staff:•Karin L. Davies, MS, Scientist I•Loring B. Daugherty, Scientist I

Teri Lear, PhD, Associate Professor

Education: PhD, University of Kentucky (Genetics), 1997; MS, University of Louisville (Cytogenetics/Zool-ogy), 1986; BA, Indiana Univer-sity Southeast (Zoology/Field Biology), 1975

Interest: Identifying genes causing inher-ited diseases in horses. Under-

standing genomic changes that differentiate horses from other perissodactyls. Providing clinical cytogenetics services to equine veterinarians in the United States and other countries by identifying chromosomal abnormalities that affect health and fertility.

Clinical Cytogenetics Services: In keeping with the service and outreach mission of the uni-versity, my lab offers clinical cytogenetics services to equine veterinarians. Between 1.5% and 3% of the general horse pop-ulation carries a chromosomal abnormality including abnor-malities of the sex chromosomes, aneuploidy and chromosom-al translocations. Chromosomal abnormalities can profoundly affect fertility and survival. We have identified chromosomal abnormalities that affect mare fertility, cause severe congenital abnormalities in foals, and cause sexual ambiguity.

Projects: •Equine chromosome disorders causing repeated early embry-onic loss and congenital abnormalities.•Identifying the cause of Contracted Foal Syndrome and other congenital diseases of foals. •Identifying the causes of Disorders of Sexual Development in horses.•Comparing the genome of the horse and other perissodactyls to better understand equid evolution, behavior and disease resistance.

Graduate students and research staff:•Judy Lundquist, Research Technician•Allison Sparling, PhD Candidate – Characterization and function of horse-specific genes.

Amanda A. Adams, PhD, Assistant Professor

Education:Postdoctoral Scholar, University of Kentucky (Equine Immunol-ogy), 2011; PhD, University of Kentucky (Veterinary Science), 2008; BS, Stephens College (Biology), 2003

Interest:My research interests are focused on characterizing the immune system of the geriatric

horse, by identifying mechanisms responsible for immunose-nescence, inflamm-aging and altered immune responses to vaccination. We are also interested in further understanding of how some endocrine disorders, in particular Equine Cushing’s disease, affects the immune response of aged horses. The goal is to improve the health and well-being of the aged horse by identifying interventions that have the potential to improve the function and redox state of the immune system. In addi-tion, I have established research funding to further understand the effect of nutritional intervention on the inflammatory and endocrine response of the equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) horse. There is a growing need to understand mecha-nisms responsible and pathways involved in equine metabolic syndrome. Thus, my goal is to identify potential treatments that target both the inflammatory and metabolic component of EMS.

Projects:•Studies ongoing to determine what role nutritional inter-vention has on age-related changes in immune function, in particular chronic inflammation or inflamm-aging.•To understand how ‘season’ affects the inflamm-aging re-ponse of aged horses.•Study the effects of polyphenolic bioactive compounds (pterostilbene, resveratrol, curcuminoids, quercetin, and hy-droxypterostilbene) on pro-inflammatory cytokine production using the aged horse as a model.•Studies ongoing to develop the horse as a model system for human aging to further understand age-related changes in the immune response, in particular mechanisms responsible for inflamm-aging, focusing on T-cell membrane rafts.•Identifying biomarkers of aging to better predict the “biologi-cal age” of the horse.•Developing novel diagnostic tools for diagnosis of Equine Cushing’s disease or pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and evaluating novel treatments for PPID horses.•To determine if PPID horses respond as well to vaccination compared to non-PPID horses.•Studies ongoing to characterize mechanisms responsible for Equine Metabolic Sydrome (EMS) and to identify possible treatments for EMS.

Immunology•To characterize what role gut microflora may play in in-flamm-aging and EMS.•Other studies ongoing to determine how weaning stress af-fects the immune response and how one might modulate or improve immunity during the weaning period.

Graduate students, research staff, and undergraduates:•Virginia Barker, Laboratory Technician•Alex Betancourt, Laboratory Technician•Sarah Elzinga, PhD Candidate – Characterizing mechanisms responsible for Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) and to identify possible treatments for EMS•Melissa Siard, PhD Candidate – Characterization of the Im-munological and Physiological responses of aged horses •Undergraduates: Emily Foreman, UK undergraduate; Brooke Hadley, Asbury undergraduate; Zerina Mehic, UK Chellgren undergraduate scholar; Mary Stricklin, Asbury undergraduate; and Tyler Uletti, UK undergraduate

David W. Horohov, PhD, Interim Director of the Gluck Equine Research Center, In-terim Chair of the Department of Veterinary Science, and Jes E. and Clementine Schlaikjer Chair in Equine Immunology

Education:Professor of Veterinary Immu-nology, Louisiana State Uni-versity, 1988-2003; Fellowship, FDA, Bethesda, MD, 1986-1988; PhD, University of Ten-

nessee, 1985; MS, Purdue University, 1981; BS, Pennsylvania State University, 1978

Interest: My group continues to investigate the immune responses of horses to various infectious diseases. We are also especially interested in infections that occur in the foal, such as Rhodo-coccus equi and Lawsonia intracellularis. We also collaborate with other groups to study the characterization of cell-mediat-ed immune responses in EIA-infected and vaccinated horses, vaccination of foals against equine influenza virus, further investigations into parasite immunology and the characteriza-tion of inflammatory responses to exercise.

Projects: •Underlying immunological basis for the susceptibility of foals to infection with Rhodococcus equi, a cause of pneumo-nia in foals less than 3 months old (Macarena Sanz).•Infections that occur later in the life of the foal, such as Law-sonia intracellularis, the causative agent for equine prolifera-tive enteropathy (EPE) (Allen Page).•Older horse immune function (Amanda Adams). •Cell-mediated immune responses in EIA-infected and vac-

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Immunologycinated horses. The goal will be to identify immunological re-sponses that may be important in controlling viral replication and disease (Chong Liu, in collaboration with Charles Issel at the Gluck Center and Ron Montelaro at Pittsburgh) •Characterization of inflammatory responses to exercise with the goal of identifying immunological markers for exercise-induced injury in the performance horse•Other collaboration projects include vaccination of foals against equine influenza virus with Thomas Chambers at the Gluck Center and parasite immunology with Gene Lyons and Martin Nielsen at the Gluck Center

Graduate students, research staff, undergraduates and visiting scientists:•Alex Betancourt, Laboratory Technician•Fernanda Cesar, PhD Candidate – TBD•Allen Page, PhD, Postdoctoral Scholar – Lawsonia intracel-lularis infection and immunity•Macarena Sanz, PhD, Postdoctoral Scholar – Rhodococcus equi infections of the young horse Undergraduate: Craig Stewart

Udeni B.R. Balasuriya, PhD, MS, BVSc, Professor

Education: PhD, University of California-Davis (Comparative Pathology, molecular virology), 1996; MS, University of California-Davis (Comparative Pathology, diag-nostic pathology), 1991; BVSc – Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka, 1985

Interest: The major focus of my laboratory is to definitively character-ize the molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of equine arteritis virus (EAV) and equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) infections of horses, and to develop improved diagnostic and prophylactic reagents to control these economically important viral diseases. In addition, some of the recent studies in my laboratory are focused on characterizing the virus-host interac-tions by combining contemporary molecular biology tech-niques and host genomic analysis using genome-wide associa-tion study (GWAS). Specifically, these studies are focused on identifying the cellular factors involved in EAV pathogenesis, as well as studying the interaction between equine CD3+ T lymphocytes and EAV to better understand the establish-ment of persistent infection in stallions in the presence of high serum neutralizing antibody titers. An additional focus of my research is development of new diagnostic and vaccine technologies, definition of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of other important equine viral diseases, and the recognition of novel and emerging viral diseases of the horse. My long-term goal is to provide a state-of-the-art research resource as well as diagnostic expertise, reagents and technology that are dedi-cated to the horse, and to facilitate transfer of this technology and expertise to appropriate partners and collaborators, as well as veterinarians, post-doctoral, graduate and undergraduate trainees.

Projects:Equine Arteritis Virus •Identification of host genetic factors responsible for establish-ment of EAV carrier state •Identification of genetic determinants of virulence and attenu-ation of EAV •Mechanisms of EAV pathogenesis and persistent infection of stallions •Molecular epidemiology of EAV infection and evolution of EAV•Characterization of equine immune response to EAV infec-tionEquine Herpesvirus-1•Molecular characterization of neurovirulent EHV-1 strains•In vitro antiviral activity of herpesvirus DNA polymerase inhibitors against neuropathogenic and non-neuropathogenic strains of EHV-1Development and Validation of New Diagnostic Assays for Equine Viral Diseases•Molecular diagnostic assays •Serological assays •Fishing for novel pathogensDevelopment of Improved Prophylactic Reagents •Development of improved vaccines against equine and por-cine arterivirus infections•Development of attenuated marker vaccines for equine arteri-tis virus•Development of a genetically defined live attenuated equine herpesvirus-1 vaccine

Services:•Provide assistance with molecular diagnostics (RT-PCR and real-time RT-PCR).•Testing of clinical specimens submitted to the OIE designated reference laboratory for equine viral arteritis (EVA) at the Gluck Center.•Testing of clinical specimens submitted to the OIE designated reference laboratory for equine influenza infections and for equine herpes virus at the Gluck Center.•Provide molecular diagnostic reagents to diagnostic laborato-ries.

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Infectious Diseases

•Provide advice on equine viral arteritis to veterinarians and equine industry associates over the phone.

Graduate students and research staff:•Mariano Carossino, PhD Candidate •Wangisa Dunuwille, PhD Candidate •Pamela Henney, Research Specialist •Annet Kyomuhangi, PhD Candidate •Yanqiu Li, Postdoctoral Scholar – Molecular characterization of neurovirulent EHV-1•Shankar Mondal, Postdoctoral Scholar •Bora Nam, MS Candidate •Kristin Pfahl, MS Candidate – Development and validation of improved serological assays for EVA•Sanjay Sarkar, Postdoctoral Scholar

Thomas Chambers, PhD, Associate Professor

Education: PhD, University of Notre Dame (Microbiology), 1982;BS, University of Notre Dame (Pre-Professional Stud-ies), 1975

Interest:Equine influenza is the leading cause of respira-tory disease in Kentucky and

the world. My major interest is to study the innate immune responses to the influenza virus and herpes virus. I am also interested in the development of vaccines for influenza and herpes virus. I am involved in infectious disease control and surveillance both nationally and internationally.

Projects: •Infectious diseases and immunology.•Type-1 Interferon responses to equine herpesevirus-1 in horse cells.•Influenza virus-mediated interaction with the IL-17/IL-23 axis of the innate immune response.•Role of the horse in interspecies transmission of influenza viruses.•Testing in equines of equine influenza vaccines, including modified-live virus and DNA-based vaccines.•Testing/validation of rapid diagnostic tests for equine influ-enza.•Testing in equines of new vaccination protocols for equine influenza. •International collaborator on development of the most up-to-date phylogenic description of the strains of equine influenza virus in circulation since 1990.•Collaborator on development of a new real-time RT-PCR as-say for equine influenza.•OIE International Reference Laboratory for equine influenza.

Graduate students and research staff: •Fatai Oladunni, PhD candidate – TBA •Sanjay Sarkar, PhD (graduated 2014) – Innate immunity to equine viral respiratory diseases•Ashish Tiwari, PhD (graduated 2014) – Innate immunity to equine viral respiratory diseases•Stephanie Reedy, Research Specialist

R. Frank Cook, PhD, Associate Professor

Education: PhD, University of Warwick (Virology), 1980; BSc, Uni-versity of Sussex (Biochemis-try), 1976 Interest: My research focuses on Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV), a virus closely related to HIV in humans. My most recent interests are in

the field of vaccine design. Projects: •Design of vaccines against all lentiviruses including HIV-1.•Provide purified antigens for inclusion in commercial USDA-approved test kits.•Strategies to enhance efficacy of DNA vaccination in the horse (i.e., the use of cytokines to enhance the efficacy of vac-cines).•Molecular epidemiology of equine herpesviruses.•Genetic basis of differing susceptibility to disease and im-mune responses to vaccinations.

Roberta Dwyer, DVM, MS, DACVPM, Professor

Education: Board Certified in Epidemiol-ogy, ACVPM, 2003; Diplo-mate, American College of Veterinary Preventive Medi-cine, 1993; MS, University of Kentucky, 1990; DVM, Iowa State University, 1985 Interest: Equine preventive medicine and infectious diseases,

disease outbreak investigation and epidemiology, biosecurity, disaster preparedness and response, risk reduction to agroter-rorism and pre-veterinary advising and undergraduate teach-ing.

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Infectious Diseases

Projects: •Consultations for veterinarians, farm managers and horse owners.•Biosecurity plan development for veterinary and farm facili-ties.•AAEP on-call media veterinarian for infectious disease is-sues.•Instructor for the national extension program “Strengthening Community Agrosecurity Preparedness,” a FEMA National Training and Education Division State/Federal Sponsored Course.•Co-editor of Lloyd’s Equine Disease Quarterly.•Member of the development team and Lead Evaluator for the “2014 Multi-Jurisdictional Coordination Functional Exercise” which was a state-level animal disaster exercise involving 24 states.

Charles Issel, DVM, PhD, Wright-Markey Chair in Equine Infectious Diseases and Professor

Education: Diplomate, American College of Veterinary Microbiolo-gists, 1976; PhD, University of Wisconsin (Veterinary Science), 1973; MS, University of Wis-consin (Veterinary Science), 1971; DVM, University of California–Davis, 1969; BA, University of California–Berke-

ley (Zoology), 1965

Interest: Our research, continuous since 1974, involves equine infec-tious anemia from A to Z. We are working with the national and international veterinary community to develop and imple-ment sensitive, specific and practical diagnostic tests for EIA to complement the “Coggins” test in effective control pro-grams. Our work indicates that we should adopt a three-tiered testing approach which would more accurately detect positive horses with difficult to read AGID test reactions. At the same time we are studying the intricacies of the EIA virus (EIAV), a lentivirus, in an attempt to define the genetic and antigenic variations in this highly mutable agent and how it impacts pro-tective immunity, i.e., vaccine design and efficacy. This work is valuable in its own right as well as being of comparative value as a model for AIDS. Our projects with the USDA have resulted in a DVD package that includes our video from 1996 and a new video from 2010, “Equine Infectious Anemia Test-ing – Refining our approach.” Both videos are available online at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/eia/. To obtain the DVD package, visit http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/nahss/equine/eia/index.htm.

Projects: •Improve diagnosis and control of EIA.•Develop effective vaccines against EIA.•Provide high quality reagents for use in testing for diseases.•For more information on EIA please see our website at: http://dept.ca.uky.edu/eia/.

Research staff:•Sheila J. Cook, Research Scientist

John Timoney, MVB, MRCVS, MS, PhD, Professor

Education: PhD, National University of Ireland, 1969; MS, Univer-sity of Wisconsin, 1967; MVB, MRCVS, University College, Dublin, 1965; BSc, University College, Dublin (Biology), 1961

Interest: Focus is on equine infectious disease caused by strepto-

cocci, leptospira, salmonella and clostridia. Ultimate goals include development of improved vaccines, diagnostics and design of strategies effective in management of outbreaks and detection of infected horses.

Projects: •Identification and regulation of virulence factors of Strepto-coccus zooepidemicus from the equine respiratory tract.•Rapid diagnostic assays for Streptococcus equi and Lepto-spira interrogans in equine clinical specimens.•Specificity profiling of antibodies induced during infection by Streptococcus equi and zooepidemicus.•Lateral gene transfer among strains of Streptococcus zooepi-demicus in the equine tonsil.•Prepartum vaccination for prevention of leptospira abortion and of neonatal enterocolitis caused by clostridia and salmo-nella.

Postdoctoral/Graduate students and visiting scientists:• Kalimuthusamy Natarajaseenivasan, PhD, MSc, Visiting Scientist from Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India - Production and testing leptospira proteins for immunodiag-nosis.• Harisankar Singha, BVSc and AH, MVSc, PhD, National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar India, Visiting NAIP re-search trainee – Genome diversity and population genetics of Streptococcus zooepidemicus•Sridhar Velineni, Postdoctoral Scholar – Protective immuno-genicity of novel immunoreactive proteins of Streptococcus

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Infectious Diseases

zooepidemicus. Temperature regulated expression of capsule, hyaluronidase and associated virulence factors in clinical isolates of S. zooepidemicus. In vivo lateral transfer of genes among strains of Streptococcus zooepidemicus in the equine tonsil.

Peter Timoney, MVB, MS, PhD, FRCVS, Frederick Van Lennep Chair in Equine Veterinary Science, OIE Des-ignated Specialist on Equine Viral Arteritis & Equine Rhi-nopneumonitis

Education:FRCVS, Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons, London, 1978; PhD, University of Dublin, 1974; MS, University of Illinois, 1966; MVB (Hons), National University of Ireland,

1964 Interest: Among the diseases of major interest are equine viral arteritis (EVA), contagious equine metritis (CEM), West Nile fever and equine rhinopneumonitis or equine herpesvirus related dis-eases. Also, development of strategies for reducing the risk of global spread of infectious diseases through international trade and reduction of temporary import/re-export testing require-ments for “high health, high performance” horses.

Projects: •Studies on the mechanism of establishment and persistence of equine arteritis virus in the reproductive tract of the stallion.•Characterizing the site(s) of localization of equine arteritis virus in the carrier stallion.•Investigating the variation in virulence among naturally oc-curring strains of equine arte-ritis virus, especially as it pertains to the abortigenic effects of the virus.•Developing less costly, more rapid diagnostic tests for EVA. •Developing a second generation marker vaccine for EVA/equine arteritis virus infection.

•Advancing current understanding of the molecular epidemiol-ogy and pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus myeloencepha-lopathy.•Developing a more rapid and reliable diagnostic test for de-tection of Taylorella equigenitalis/T. asinigenitalis.•Improving existing control and prevention strategies for con-tagious equine metritis (CEM).•Elucidation of the epidemiology of Taylorella asinigenitalis in horses and non-horse equids.•Investigating the frequency and nature of persistence of equine rhinitis A, and equine rhinitis B1 & B2 viruses in the horse.

Services:•Responsible for operation of the OIE Reference laboratory for equine viral arteritis and equine rhinopneumonitis (equine herpesvirus 1 & 4 infections) at the Gluck Center, includ-ing updating relevant chapters in the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code & Manual of Diagnostic Tests & Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals.•Provision of EVA diagnostic reagents to diagnostic laborato-ries, nationally and internationally.•Provide consultation for veterinarians and members of the horse industry on various equine infectious diseases, including but not exclusive of EVA, equine rhinopneumonitis, conta-gious equine metritis and equine piroplasmosis.•Co-editor of the Lloyd’s Equine Disease Quarterly.•Provide quarterly reports to the International Collating Cen-tre, Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, UK, on equine infec-tious disease occurrences in the United States.•Veterinary advisor to the Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Association (USA).•Member, Veterinary Committee, International Breeders Fed-eration.•Advise the American Horse Council’s Health & Regulatory Committee on matters of infectious diseases.•Member, International Movement of Horses Advisory Com-mittee to the International Federation of Racing Authorities•Member, OIE Ad hoc group on “High-health – high perfor-mance horses.”

Research staff:•Kathleen Shuck, Principal Research Analyst

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Infectious Diseases

James MacLeod, VMD, PhD, Professor

Education: Fellowship, Uni-versity of Pennsyl-vania (Endocrinol-ogy & Genetics), 1992; PhD, Univer-

sity of Pennsylvania, 1990; VMD, University of Pennsylvania, 1984; BS, University of Delaware, 1980 Interest: The laboratory studies biological and biomedical aspects of the musculoskeletal system, with an emphasis on the growth and maturation of articular cartilage, the development of osteoarthritis, repair of articular lesions and the effects of anti-inflammatory medications. Experiments are conducted primarily on a cellular and molecular level. In addition to articular cartilage, areas of interest include cervical stenotic

Daniel Howe, PhD, Professor

Education: PhD, Purdue University (Mo-lecular Parasitology), 1992;MS, Western Illinois University (Biology/Parasitology), 1990;BS, Western Illinois University (Biology), 1988 Interest: Molecular studies of protozoan

parasites – The primary research goal is to obtain a better understanding of the parasite Sarcocystis neurona, the primary cause of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). Studies are ongoing to utilize the annotated genome sequence of S. neurona. Other interests include the development of improved serum assays for EPM diagnosis. Additionally, we are inves-tigating approaches to develop an effective vaccine against EPM.

Projects: •Characterization of novel genes and antigens from the para-site Sarcocystis neurona.•Improvement of serologic assays for diagnosis of EPM and development of a vaccine for EPM.•Sequencing and annotation of the S. neurona genome.

Postdoctoral/Graduate students, research staff and under-graduates:•Sriveny Dangoudoubiyam, Postdoctoral Scholar – Genome of

myelopathy (Wobbler Syndrome) and genomics.

Projects: •Articular cartilage development.•Articular cartilage repair.•Intra-articular glucocorticoid therapy.•Wobbler syndrome (cervical stenotic myelopathy).•Genomics and gene expression.

Graduate students:•Emma Adam, BVetMed, Dipl. ACVIM, Dipl. ACVS, PhD Candidate – Articular cartilage development and repair•Jennifer Janes, DVM, PhD (graduated 2014) – Pathogenesis of cervical stenotic myelopathy •Parvathy Thampi, BVSc, MS, PhD Candidate – Articular cartilage development and repair •Ellen Wiegand, BS, MS Candidate – Articular cartilage de-velopment and repair •Wenying Zhu, MS, PhD Candidate – Osteoarthritis and intra-articular glucocorticoid therapy

Sarcocystis neurona•Ablesh Gautam, PhD (graduated 2014) – Characterization of the SnSAG family of surface antigens in Sarcocystis neu-rona •Michelle Yeargan, Research Specialist Undergraduate: Maggie Schlich, Agriculture Biotechnology, and Allison Young, Agriculture Biotechnolgy

Eugene Lyons, PhD, Professor

Education: PhD, Colorado State Uni-versity (Parasitology), 1963; MS, Kansas State University (Parasitology), 1958; BS, South Dakota State University (Wildlife), 1956 Interest: Parasitology: Control and transmission of internal para-

sites of horses. Nearly all dewormers currently on the market were tested for efficacy on internal parasites here in the De-partment of Veterinary Science. Studies are ongoing on resis-tance of small strongyles and ascarids to commercial deworm-ers. Other research is concentrated on profiling the passage of small strongyle eggs in feces (EPGs) of older horses. This is to try and determine which animals are low egg shedders, and thus don’t need deworming, and which ones are “high” egg shedders, which are needing antiparasitic treatment. Other research is on internal parasites of wildlife, especially hook-

14

Musculoskeletal Sciences

Parasitology

worms in pinnipeds.Projects: •Control, transmission and prevalence of natural infections of internal parasites of horses.•Drug resistant nematodes in field and critical/controlled tests.•Seasonal and yearly transmission.•Molecular identification of parasite species and basis of drug resistance.

Martin Nielsen, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACVM, Dipl. EVPC, Assistant Professor

Education:Diplomate, American College for Veterinary Microbiologists, 2013;Diplomate, European

Veterinary Parasitology College, 2011; PhD, University of Copenhagen (Equine Parasitology), 2007; DVM, Royal Vet-erinary and Agricultural University, 2001

Interests:Diagnosis and control of gastrointestinal helminths of horses and anthelmintic resistance. Studies will aim at 1) understand-ing and developing new diagnostic measures of important

parasites and their level of resistance to anthelmintic drugs, 2) developing and evaluating sustainable anthelmintic treatment regimens using objective measures, and 3) applying molecular approaches for understanding mechanisms for development of anthelmintic resistance.

Projects: •Prepatent diagnosis of Strongylus vulgaris•Objective evaluation of deworming regimens in horses – growth rates, disease incidence, and financial aspects•Anthelmintic efficacy on horse farms in the United States.• Development of a simple and rapid on-site veterinary fecal egg count test.• Evaluation of drug efficacy with combination deworming and the long term consequences.•Transabdominal ultrasonography: a tool for monitoring Par-ascaris burdens•In vitro efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins against equine parasites

Graduate students, research staff and undergraduates:•Jennifer Bellaw, PhD Candidate – Objective assessment of equine parasitism.•Holli Gravatte, Research Analyst •Jessica Scare, PhD Candidate – Novel approaches for parasite control.Undergraduate: Marie Noel, Animal Science

Thomas Tobin, MVB, MSc, PhD, MRCVS, DABT, Pro-fessor of Veterinary Science and the Graduate Center for Toxicology

Education: Diplomate, American Board of Toxicology, 1980; PhD, University of Toronto (Pharmacology), 1970; MSc, University of Guelph (Phar-macology), 1966; MVB, Uni-versity College, Dublin, 1964

Contributions: 1981: Drugs and the Performance Horse, 480 page text. 1983: Regulatory threshold for furosemide, still in place. 1984: US Patent, “Detection of morphine using enzymatic hydrolysis” 1985-Present: About 100 ELISA tests for equine medications; First company “spin-off” from UK sold to Neogen Corp. 1997: US Patent, first FDA approved treatment for Equine Protozoal Myelitis, licensed to Bayer, marketed as Bayer Mar-quis® and Merck Protazil®. 2003: US Copyright on the unique biological mechanism of

MRLS. 2006: US Patent for novel veterinary tranquilizer. 2011: Certified reference and internal standards for therapeutic medication regulation, licensed to Frontier Biopharm LLC. 2012: World Medication Rules, 289 page book.

Projects:•Ongoing research on certified reference standards and inter-nal standards licensed to Neogen Corp. and Frontier Bio-Pharm. •Creation of ELISA tests for drug detection and therapeutic medication regulation.•Developing animal models of ocular, fetal and central ner-vous system parasitic disease and demonstrating the therapeu-tic efficacy of specific chemotherapeutics. •Develop improved standards/assays for ergot alkaloid analy-sis, the group of toxins involved in fescue toxicosis.

Postdoctoral student and research staff:•Charlie Hughes, Research Associate•Sucheta Kudrimoti, Postdoctoral Scholar – Relationships between medication or medication residue concentrations and pharmacological effects in the contexts of resulting therapeu-tic responses and/or the regulatory significance of medication residues with respect to competitive events.

15

Parasitology

Pharmacology, Therapeutics & Toxicology

Barry Ball, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACT, Professor and Albert G. Clay Endowed Chair in Equine Reproduction

Education: Diplomate, American Col-lege of Theriogenology, 1987; PhD, Cornell Univer-sity, 1987; DVM, University of Georgia, 1981

Projects:•Studies on anti-Müllerian hormone in the mare and stallion.•Down regulation of oxytocin receptors and luteal mainte-nance in mares.•Bioactivity of 5 α-dihydroprogesterone in mares.•Diagnostic methods related to placentitis and late abortion in mares.•Nonsurgical control of reproductive behavior in the stallion.•Role of estrogens during pregnancy in mares. •Effects of subluteolysis on endometrial gene transcription.

Postdoctoral/Graduate students and visiting scientists:•Yatta Boakari, DVM, PhD Candidate – Effect of dietary crude protein on uterine environment and fertility in mares•Alex Esteller-Vico, DVM, PhD, Postdoctoral Scholar – En-docrinology and transcriptomics in equine reproduction•Blaire Fleming, MS Candidate – TBD •Juan Maria Gallardo Bolaños, DVM, PhD, Postdoctoral Scholar – Studies on equine spermatozoa•Lauren Goedde, MS Candidate – Effects of dietary supple-mentation of docosahexaenoic acid on semen parameters and storage in stallions•Shavahn Loux, PhD, Postdoctoral Scholar – Studies on pla-cental microRNAs in the mare•Michelle Wynn, MS – Candidate Studies on progestogens during normal and abnormal gestation in mares

Visiting scientists:•Claudia Fernandes, DVM, PhD, University of São Paulo, Brazil. microRNAs as biomarkers for placentitis in mares•Haneda, DVM, PhD, Obihiro University, Japan – Role of estrogens in normal pregnancy maintenance during early ges-tation in the mare•Fernando Peña, DVM, PhD, University of Extremadura, Spain – Impact of oxidative stress on stallion sperm DNA

Karen McDowell, PhD, EMB, Associate Professor

Education: EMB, Certified Embryologist, American College of Embry-ology, 2010; NIH Postdoc-toral Fellow, Colorado State University (Physiology), 1987; PhD, University of Florida (Animal Science), 1986; MS, University of Tennessee (Animal Science), 1980; BS, University of Tennessee (Ani-

mal Science), 1976 Interest: Determining causes of reproductive losses in mares, includ-ing maternal-embryo or maternal-fetal interactions, mare reproductive loss syndrome, and most currently, effects of endophyte-infected fescue on pregnant mares. Overall goal is to reduce pregnancy losses and enhance pregnancy mainte-nance in mares.

Projects: •Vascular changes associated with consumption of endophyte-infected fescue.•In vitro assessment of ergot alkaloids, receptor agonists and receptor antagonists on equine peripheral and central arteries.

Edward Squires, MS, PhD, Dipl. ACT (hon.), Professor

Education: Diplomate, American College of Theriogenology (hon.), 2003;PhD, University of Wisconsin, 1974; MS, West Virginia Uni-versity, 1971; BS, West Virginia University, 1969 Interest: Improving the reproductive efficiency of both mares and

stallions, hormonal control of the cycle and development of reproductive techniques. Improving the quality of cooled and frozen semen. Projects: •Diagnostic methods related to placentitis •Uterine artery rupture in mares •Suppression of testicular function in stallions•Effect of Omega 3 fatty acids on stallion semen •Factors affecting freezability of stallions •Infectious diseases of the stallion

16

Reproductive Health

Graduate students:•Gabriel Davolli, MS Candidate – Infectious diseases of the stallion •Lauren Goedde, MS Candidate – Effects of dietary supple-mentation of docosahexaenoic acid on semen parameters and storage in stallions

Tom Swerczek, DVM, PhD, Professor

Education: PhD, University of Connect-icut (Comparative Pathol-ogy), 1969; MS, University of Connecticut (Nutritional Pathology), 1966; DVM, Kansas State University, 1964; BS, Kansas State Uni-versity, 1962

Interest: Nutritional Pathology. Factors that cause abortion in mares, including climatic and environmental changes that induce stress to pasture forages. Drought, excessive rainfall, frosts and freezes can induce nutrient imbalances.

Projects: •Evaluation of bacterial endophytes of grass-and-legume for-ages as emerging causes of reproductive loss in horses.•Develop diagnostic tests for tissues and blood to aid in diag-nosis of fetal loss.

Mats Troedsson, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACT, Dipl. ECAR, Professor

Education: Diplomate, European College of Animal Repro-duction, 2002;Diplomate, American College of Theriogenol-ogy, 1993; PhD, Univer-sity of California – Davis,

1991; DVM, Royal Veterinary College (Stockholm, Sweden), 1975

Interest:Equine reproductive health and biology. 1) The interaction between spermatoza and the uterine immune system with a particular note on its role in breeding-induced endometritis. 2) The role of seminal proteins in fertility. 3) Diagnostics and treatment of high-risk pregnancies.

Projects:•Interaction between semen and the uterus in horses.•Identification of seminal plasma proteins that affect fertility.•Inflammation of the uterus – role of inflammatory cytokines in infectious and breeding-induced endometritis. •Causes, diagnostics and control of high-risk pregnancies.

Postdoctoral/Graduate students and research staff: •Carleigh Fedorka, PhD Candidate – Interaction between seminal plasma proteins and the uterus •Ana Gabriella Toro Mayorga, MS Candidate – Uterine pa-thology/biopsies•Kirsten Scoggin, PhD, Senior Scientist

17

Reproductive Health

Adams, A.A. 2013-2015. Morris Animal Foundation. Evaluat-ing seasonal influences on hormone responses to a diagnostic test advocated for early diagnosis of Equine Cushing’s disease. PI. (Co-PIs: D.W. Horohov and K. Urschel). $95,167.

Adams, A.A. 2012-2015. USDA-ARS, NP 101. The effect of Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue consumption on epigenetic regulation of inflammation in horses. PI. (Co-PI: D.W. Horo-hov). $100,000.

Aiken, G.E., K.J. McDowell, T.D. Phillips, and M. Barrett. 2013-2017. USDA-ARS. Evaluation of KYFA9821 Tall Fes-cue for Grazing Pregnant Mares. (McDowell portion of grant: $194,406). $201,068.

Artiushin, S. 2013-2014. American Quarter Horse Association.Molecular diagnostic assays for the detection and control of contagious equine metritis. PI. (Co-PI: U.B.R. Balasuriya). $37,639.

Bailey, E. 2013-2018; 2008-2013; 2003-2008; 1998-2003. USDA-NRSP-8 Horse Coordinator. National Animal Genome Project. PI. $1,150,000. (Currently: $60,000 per year).

Bailey, E. 2013-2014. Kentucky Equine Drug Research Coun-cil. Influence of Genetic Deficits in Aggrecan Structure (Carti-lage) on Race Track Injuries. PI. $14,400.

Balasuriya, U.B.R. 2012-2014. Merial. Development of Re-combinant Vaccines against Porcine Reproductive and Re-spiratory Syndrome (PRRS): Equine Arteritis Virus-Vectored Chimeric Vaccines against PRRS. PI. (Co-PI: R.F. Cook). $362,112.

Balasuriya, U.B.R. 2012-2017. USDA-AFRI. Identification of genetic factors responsible for establishment of equine arteri-tis virus carrier state in stallions. PI. (Co-PIs: E. Bailey, R.F. Cook, J.N. MacLeod, S. Artiushin, D.W. Horohov, M.H.T. Troedsson, E.L. Squires, and P.J. Timoney). $2,925,456.

Cook, R.F., D.W. Horohov, and C. Issel. 2009-2014. NIH.

Competitive Grant FundingEIAV envelope variation and vaccine efficacy. Co-PIs (PI: R. Montelaro). $1,737,500. ($3,668,813 total).

Horohov, D.W. 2012-2014. Morris Animal Foundation. Deter-mining the role of maternal antibodies in infection and immu-nity to Lawsonia intracellularis. PI. $53,529.

Horohov, D.W. 2013-2014. Zoetis. The use of Excede metaphylatically to prevent post-influenzal respiratory infec-tions. PI. (Co-PI: T. Chambers). $147,781.

MacLeod, J.N. 2012-2015. National Institutes of Health. Un-locking transcript diversity via differential analysis of splice graphs. Co-PI. $900,000.

MacLeod, J.N. 2013-2015. Morris Animal Foundation fellow-ship training grant. Unique patterns of gene expression in ar-ticular chondrocytes: important insight for cell-based therapies for articular cartilage lesion repair. PI. $100,000.

McDowell, K.J. and N.M. Williams. 2013-2017. USDA-ARS. Effects of Endophyte Infected Fescue on Endometrial Gene Expression and Endometrial Histology. $104,000.

Nielsen, M.K. 2014. Zoetis HorseCall. Transabdominal ultra-sonography: A monitoring tool for Parascaris equorum burdens in foals. PI. (Co-PIs: C.J. Stowe and C. Fenger). $24,291.

Nielsen, M.K. 2013-2014. Grayson-Jockey Club Research Foundation. The interaction between anthelmintic treatment and vaccination. PI. (Co-PIs: T. Chambers and D.W. Horo-hov). $60,466.

Timoney, J.F. 2014-2015. Kentucky Racing Commission. Po-tency and efficacy of a novel leptospira vaccine in pregnant mares. PI. (Co-PIs: S.Velineni and S. Artiushin). $52,043.

Tobin, T. 1995-Present. National Horsemen’s Benevolent and Protective Association. Synthesis of Certified Reference Stan-dards. PI. Current support: $100,000.

Non-Competitive Grant FundingAdams, A.A. 2014-2015. Alltech Biotechnology Inc. Effect of Alltech Algae derived FA supplementation on inflammation and metaoblic parameters of the EMS horse. PI. $56,700.

Adams, A.A., T.M. Chambers, and D.W. Horohov. 2013-2015. Zoetis, LLC. Do old horses (>20 yrs) have delayed and reduced CMI and humoral immune responses to vaccination when compared to adult horses (5-15 yrs)? $108,836.

Adams, A.A. 2013-2014. Purina Mills Inc. The New Formula-tion of Purina Equine Senior Feed: To determine the effect of different levels of Nutritek, a Diamond V yeast fermentate ad-ditive on immune function in aged horses. PI. $83,948.

Adams, A.A. 2013-2014. Waltham Centre for Pet Nutrition. Is there a relationship between the status of circulating vitamin and fatty acid levels to systemic inflammation and muscle mass in aged horses? PI. $19,860.

Adams, A.A. & M.N. Neilsen. 2013-2014. Zoetis LLC. Geriat-ric horses (>20 yrs): Do they respond immunologically differ-ent to anthelmintic treatment when compared to younger adult horses (5-15 yrs)? $23,000.

Adams, A.A. 2013-2014. Neogen. Effect of an immunostimu-lant containing Propionibacterium acnes (EqStimTM) on cell-mediated immunity and nasal shedding of respiratory patho-

18

Grants

Balasuriya, U. B. R. 2014. Type A influenza virus detection from horses by real-time RT-PCR and insulated isothermal RT-PCR. In: Animal influenza virus, Methods in Molecular Biol-ogy series (Second edition). Edited by Spackman, E. Humana Press, New York. Vol. 1161: 393-402.

Balasuriya, U. B. R. 2014. RNA extraction from equine sam-ples for equine influenza virus. In: Animal influenza virus, Methods in Molecular Biology series (Second edition). Edited by Spackman, E. Humana Press, New York. Vol. 1161: 379-392.

Ball, B. A. 2014. Applied andrology in horses. In: Animal an-drology: theories and applications. Edited by Chenoweth, P. and Lorton, S. pp 254-296.

Chambers, T. M. 2014. A brief introduction to equine influ-enza and equine influenza viruses. In: Animal influenza virus, Methods in Molecular Biology series (Second edition). Edited by Spackman, E. Humana Press, New York. Vol. 1161: 365-370.

Chambers, T. M. and Reedy, S. E. 2014. Equine influenza di-agnosis: sample collection and transport. In: Animal influenza

Books/Chapters in Booksvirus, Methods in Molecular Biology series (Second edition). Edited by Spackman, E. Humana Press, New York. Vol. 1161: 371-377.

Chambers, T. M. and Reedy, S. E. 2014. Equine influenza se-rological methods. In: Animal influenza virus, Methods in Mo-lecular Biology series (Second edition). Edited by Spackman, E. Humana Press, New York. Vol. 1161: 411-422.

Chambers, T. M. and Reedy, S. E. 2014. Equine influenza cul-ture methods. In: Animal influenza virus, Methods in Molecu-lar Biology series (Second edition). Edited by Spackman, E. Humana Press, New York. Vol. 1161: 403-410.

Nielsen, M. K. 2014. Parasite screening and control. In Rob-inson E, Sprayberry K, (Eds). Current therapy in equine medi-cine, volume 7. Elsevier, USA.

Nielsen, M. K. 2014. Parasite infections. In: McAuliffe, S (Ed). Colour Atlas of Diseases and Disorders of the Horse, Elsevier, USA.

Nielsen, M. K. 2014. Equine Parasitic Disease. In: Smith, B. (Ed). Large Animal Internal Medicine, Elsevier, USA.

gens using a model of weaning stress in foals. PI. $62,966.

Adams, A.A. 2013-2014. Boehringer Ingelheim. Do horses with Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID) respond as well to vaccination (Vetera# Gold) when compared to non-PPID, aged-matched horses? PI. $57,551.

Adams, A.A. 2013-2014. Boehringer Ingelheim. Character-ization of Cell-mediated and Humoral immune responses to a multi-valent or ‘combination’ vaccine in naive ponies. PI. $51,930.

Balasuriya, U.B.R. 2013-2014. Wellington Equine Partners and Tequestrian Farms, Florida. Identification of the virus gen-otype during outbreaks of EHV-1 induced neurologic disease. PI. 100,000.

Ball, B.A. 2013-2015. Kentucky Thoroughbred Owners and Breeders Foundation. Equine Placentitis Research. Co-PI. $84,117.

Dwyer, R.M., A.L. Loynachan, and P.J. Timoney. 2014. Lloyd’s of London. Continued funding for the Lloyd’s Equine Disease Quarterly. $45,000.

MacLeod, J.N. 2010-2014. Lourie Foundation. Cellular Mech-anisms of Articular Cartilage, Tendon, and Ligament Repair. PI. $500,000.

Nielsen, M.K. 2013-2015. Zoetis, Inc. Objective evaluation

of deworming regimens in horses – growth rates, disease inci-dence, and financial aspects. PI. (Co-PIs: C.J. Stowe, J.D. Pa-gan, and S. Cadell). $112,861.

Nielsen, M.K. 2014. Virbac Animal Health. Characterizing the role of Strongylus vulgaris infection in referred colic cases. PI. (Co-PIs: T. Pihl, S. Jacobsen, and S.N. Olsen). $33,111.90.

Nielsen, M.K. 2014. Zoetis, Inc. Evaluation of the mucosal in-flammatory response to larvicidal treatment. PI. (Co-PIs: D.W. Horohov, A. Loynachan, and C.R. Reinemeyer). $13,335.

Nielsen, M.K. 2014. Koller Priority Response Research En-dowment. Establishment of normal values for moxidectin con-centrations in brain tissue of horses. PI. (Co-PIs: C. Gaskill and L. Smith). $19,285.

Nielsen, M.K. 2013-2014. Pilot study funded by crowdfund-ing. In vitro efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins against equine parasites. PI. (Co-PI: R. Aroian). Accumulated as of April 2015: $10,937.

Nielsen, M.K. 2014-2015. MEP Equine Solutions. Optimizing methods for parasite egg isolation and detection. PI. (Co-PIs: E. Hauck and P. Slusarewicz). $27,493.

Squires, E.L. 2014. Alltech. Effect of feeding DHA on sperm motion characteristics, sperm viability and fatty acid composi-tion of stallion sperm. PI. (Co-PI: B.A. Ball).

19

Grants/Scientific Publications

Refereed Journal ArticlesAndersen, U. V., Reinemeyer, C. R., Toft, N., Olsen, S. N., Jacobsen, S. and Nielsen, M. K. 2014. Physiologic and sys-temic acute phase inflammatory responses in young horses repeatedly infected with cyathostomins and Strongylus vul-garis. Veterinary Parasitology 201(1/2): 67-74.

Archambault, D., Balasuriya, U. B. R., Rowland, R. R. R., Yang, HanChun and Yoo, D. W. 2014. Animal arteri-virus infections. BioMed Research International. DOI: 10.1155/2014/303841.

Bailey, E. 2014. Heritability and the equine clinician. Equine Veterinary Journal 46(1): 12-14.

Bailey, E. 2014. Five things equine veterinarians should know about genomics. Equine Veterinary Journal 46(4): 404-407.

Balasuriya, U. B. R. 2014. Equine viral arteritis. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice 30(3): 543-560.

Balasuriya, U. B. R., Lee, P. Y. A., Tiwari, A., Skillman, A., Nam, B., Chambers, T. M., Tsai, Y. L., Ma, L. J., Yang, P. C., Chang, H. F. G. and Wang, H. T. T. 2014. Rapid detection of equine influenza virus H3N8 subtype by insulated iso-thermal RT-PCR (iiRT-PCR) assay using the POCKIT TM nucleic acid analyzer. Journal of Virological Methods 207: 66-72.

Balasuriya, U. B. R., Zhang, J. Q., Go, Y. Y. and MacLach-lan, N. J. 2014. Experiences with infectious cDNA clones of equine arteritis virus: lessons learned and insights gained. Virology 462/463: 388-403.

Ball, B. A., Conley, A. J., Almeida, J., Esteller-Vico, A., Crabtree, J., Munro, C. and Liu, I. K. M. 2014. A retrospec-tive analysis of 2,253 cases submitted for endocrine diag-nosis of possible granulosa cell tumors in mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34(2): 307-313.

Brewer, K., Dirikolu, L., Hughes, C. G. and Tobin, T. 2014. Scopolamine in racing horses: trace identifications associ-ated with dietary or environmental exposure. Veterinary Journal 199(3): 324-331.

Burk, S. V., Dangoudoubiyam, S., Brewster-Barnes, T., Bry-ant, U. K., Howe, D. K., Carter, C. N., Vanzant, E. S., Har-mon, R. J., Kazacos, K. R. and Rossano, M. G. 2014. In vitro culture of Parascaris equorum larvae and initial investiga-tion of parasite excretory-secretory products. Parasitology Research 113(11): 4217-4224.

Campos, J. R., Breheny, P., Araujo, R. R., Troedsson, M. H. T., Squires, E. L., Timoney, P. J. and Balasuriya, U. B. R. 2014. Semen quality of stallions challenged with the Kentucky 84 strain of equine arteritis virus. Theriogenology 82(8): 1068-1079.

Canisso, I. F., Ball, B. A., Cray, C., Williams, N. M., Scog-gin, K. E., Davolli, G. M., Squires, E. L. and Troedsson, M. H. 2014. Serum amyloid A and haptoglobin concentrations are increased in plasma of mares with ascending placentitis in the absence of changes in peripheral leukocyte counts or fibrinogen concentration. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 72(4): 376-385.

Canisso, I. F., Ball, B. A., Erol, E., Claes, A., Scoggin, K. E., McDowell, K. J., Williams, N. M., Dorton, A. R., Wolf-sdorf, K. E., Squires, E. L., and Troedsson, M. H. 2014. Attempts to induce nocardioform placentitis (Crossiela equi) experimentally in mares. Equine Veterinary Journal. DOI: 10.1111.

Canisso, I., Ball, B., Esteller-Vico, A., Squires, E. and Troedsson, M. 2014. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S) concentrations in mares with experimentally in-duced ascending placentitis. Reproduction in Domestic Ani-mals 49(3): 60.

Canisso, I. F., Ball, B. A., Squires, E. L. and Troedsson, M. H. 2014. How to perform transabdominal ultrasound-guided fetal fluid sampling in mares. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34(9): 1143-1147.

Cerny, K. L., Little, T. V., Scoggin, C. F., Coleman, R. J., Troedsson, M. H. T. and Squires, E. L. 2014. Presence of bacteria on the external genitalia of healthy stallions and its transmission to the mare at the time of breeding by live cover. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34(3): 369-374.

Claes, A., Ball, B. A., Corbin, C. J. and Conley, A. J. 2014. Anti-Mullerian hormone as a diagnostic marker for equine cryptorchidism in three cases with equivocal testosterone concentrations. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34(3): 442-445.

Claes, A., Ball, B. A., Scoggin, K. E., Esteller-Vico, A., Kal-mar, J. J., Conley, A. J., Squires, E. L. and Troedsson, M. 2014.The interrelationship between anti-Mullerian hormone, ovarian follicular populations, and age in mares. Equine Vet-erinary Journal DOI: 10.111/evj.12328.

Dangoudoubiyam, S., Zhang, Z. J. and Howe, D. K. 2014.

20

Scientific Publications

Purine salvage in the apicomplexan Sarcocystis neurona, and generation of hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phospho-ribosyltransferase-deficient clones for positive-negative se-lection of transgenic parasites. Parasitology 141(11): 1399-1405.

Da Silva, E., Rossini, V., Rivero, L., Morales, A., Mendez, A., Brewer, K. and Tobin, T. 2014. Deteccion de furosemida y otras substances en caballos de Carrera [Furosemide and detection of foreign substances in race horses]. V Simposio de la Asociacion Latinoamericana de Patologia Toxicologica pp. 1-12.

Dong, JianBao, Cook, F. R., Haga, T., Horii, Y., Norimine, J., Misawa, N., Goto, Y. and Zhu, Wei. 2014. Comparative analysis of LTR and structural genes in an equine infectious anemia virus strain isolated from a feral horse in Japan. Ar-chives of Virology 159(12): 3413-3420.

Dong, J., Cook, F. R. and Zhu, W. 2014. Equine infectious anemia virus in Japan: Viral isolates V70 and V26 are of North American not Japanese origin. Veterinary Microbiol-ogy 174(1-2): 276-278.

Eisenberg, R., Kudrimoti, S., Hughes, C. G., Maylin, G. A., and Tobin, T. 2014. Synthesis, purification, and chemical characterization of 20-dihydro-6-methylprednisone, an iso-meric metabolite of methylprednisolone in the horse, for use as an analytical standard. Drug Testing and Analysis 6(3): 303-307.

Fenger, C., Tobin, T., Casey, P., Langemeier, J. and Haines, D. 2014. Bovine colostrum supplementation does not influ-ence serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in horses in race training. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34(8): 1025-1027.

Fenger, C. K., Tobin, T., Casey, P. J., Roualdes, E. A., Langemeier, J. L. and Haines, D. M. 2014. Bovine colos-trum supplementation optimises earnings, performance and recovery in racing Thoroughbreds. Comparative Exercise Physiology 10(4): 233-238.

Ghosh, S., Qu, ZhiPeng, Das, P. J., Fang, E., Juras, R., Co-thran, E. G., McDonell, S., Kenney, D. G., Lear, T. L., Adel-son, D. L., Chowdhary, B. P. and Raudsepp, T. 2014. Copy number variation in the horse genome. PLoS Genetics DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004712.

Go, Y. Y., Balasuriya, U. B. and Lee, C. K. 2014. Zoonotic encephalitides caused by arborviruses: transmission and epidemiology of alphaviruses and flaviviruses. Clinical and

Vaccine Immunology 3(1): 58-77.

Go, Y. Y., Li, Y. H., Chen, Z. H., Han, M. Y., Yoo, D. W., Fang, Y. and Balasuriya, U. B. R. 2014. Equine arteritis vi-rus does not induce interferon production in equine endothe-lial cells: identification of nonstructural protein 1 as a main interferon antagonist. BioMed Research International DOI: 10.1155/2014/420658.

Gohari, I. M., Arroyo, L., MacInnes, J. I., Timoney, J. F., Parreira, V. R. and Prescott, J. F. 2014. Characterization of Clostridium perfringens in the feces of adult horses and foals with acute enterocolitis. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Re-search 78 (1): 1-7.

Hackett, E. S., Lunn, D. P., Ferris, R. A., Horohov, D. W., Lappin, M. R., and McCue, P. M. 2014. Detection of bacte-raemia and host response in healthy neonatal foals. Equine Veterinary Journal DOI: 10.1111/evj.12307.

Hansen, S., Baptiste, K. E., Fjeldborg, J., Betancourt, A. and Horohov, D. W. 2014. A comparison of pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression in equine bronchoalveolar la-vage (BAL) and peripheral blood. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 158 (3/4): 238-243

Henneke, C., Jespersen, A., Jacobsen, S., Nielsen, M. K., McEvoy, F. and Jensen, H. E. 2014. The distribution pat-tern of Halicephalobus gingivalis in a horse is suggestive of a haematogenous spread of the nematode. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica DOI: 10.1186/s13028-014-0056-0.

Henneke, C., Jespersen, A., Jacobsen, S., Olsen, S. N., Nielsen, M. K., McEvoy, F., Jorgensen, B. and Jensen, H. E. 2014. Halicephalobus gingivalis - infektion hos hest [Halic-ephalobus gingivalis - infection in horses]. Dansk Veterinar-tidsskrift 97(2): 22-26.

Holyoak, G. R., Lyman, C. C. and Balasuriya, U. B. R. 2014. Equine viral arteritis - an update. Clinical Therio-genology 6(3): 321-327.

Howe, D. K., MacKay, R. J. and Reed, S. M. 2014. Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice 30(3): 659-675.

Hughes, S., Cerny, K., Campos, J., Troedsson, M., Ball, B. and Squires, E. 2014. The use of equine follicle stimulating hormone to increase equine chorionic gonadotropin in the pregnant mare. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34(8): 1021-1024.

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Scientific Publications

Hughes, S., Stowe, C. J., Troedsson, M. H. T., Ball, B. A. and Squires, E. L. 2014. The athletic performance of thor-oughbred racehorses out of mares with suspected placenti-tis during gestation. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34(4): 514-519.

Issel, C. J., Cook, R. F., Mealey, R. H. and Horohov, D. W. 2014. Equine infectious anemia in 2014: live with it or eradicate it? Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice 30(3): 561-577.

Janes, J. G., Garrett, K. S., McQuerry, K. J., Pease, A. P., Williams, N. M., Reed, S. M. and MacLeod, J. N. 2014. Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging with standing cervical radiographs for evaluation of vertebral canal steno-sis in equine cervical stenotic myelopathy. Equine Veteri-nary Journal 46(6): 681-686.

Jonsson, H., Schubert, M., Seguin-Orlando, A., Ginolhac, A., Petersen, L., Fumagalli, M., Albrechtsen, A., Petersen, B., Korneliussen, T. S., Vilstrup, J. T., Lear, T., Myka, J. L., Lundquist, J., Miller, D. C., Alfarhan, A. H., Alquraishi, S. A., Al-Rasheid, K. A. S., Stagegaard, J., Strauss, G., Ber-telsen, M. F., Sicheritz-Ponten, T., Antczak, D. F., Bailey, E., Nielsen, R., Willerslev, E. and Orlando, L. 2014. Speciation with gene flow in equids despite extensive chromosomal plasticity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111(52): 18655-18660.

Kuzmina, T. A., Lyons, E. T. and Spraker, T. R. 2014. Ani-sakids (Nematoda: Anisakidae) from stomachs of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on St. Paul Island, Alaska: parasitological and pathological analysis. Parasitology Re-search 113(12): 4463-4470.

Lear, T. L., Raudsepp, T., Lundquist, J. M. and Brown, S. E. 2014. Repeated early embryonic loss in a Thoroughbred mare with a chromosomal translocation 64,XX,t(2;13). Jour-nal of Equine Veterinary Science 34(6): 805-809.

Liu, C., Cook, S. J., Craigo, J. K., Cook, F. R., Issel, C. J., Montelaro, R. C. and Horohov, D. W. 2014. Epitope shifting of gp90-specific cellular immune responses in EIAV-infect-ed ponies. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 161(3/4): 161-169.

Lyons, E. T., Kuzmina, T. A., Carie, J. L., Tolliver, S. C. and Spraker, T. R. 2014. Prevalence of hookworms, Uncinaria lucasi (Ancylostomatidae), in northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on St. Paul Island, Alaska. Vestnik Zoologii 48(3): 221-230.

Lyons, E. T. and Tolliver, S. C. 2014. Prevalence of patent Strongyloides westeri infections in Thoroughbred foals in 2014. Parasitology Research 113(11): 4163-4164.

Lyons, E. T., Tolliver, S. C., Kuzmina, T. A., Dzeverin, I. I., Nielsen, M. K. and McDowell, K. J. 2014. Profiles of strongyle EPG values for Thoroughbred mares on 14 farms in Kentucky (2012-2013). Veterinary Parasitology 205(3/4): 646-652.

Lyons, E. T. and Tolliver, S. C. 2014. Strongyloides westeri and Parascaris equorum: observations in field studies in Thoroughbred foals on some farms in Central Kentucky, USA. Helminthologia 51(1): 7-12.

Marenzoni, M. L., Sforna, M., Stefanetti, V., Proietti, P. C., Brignone, L., Sero, A. del, Falcioni, F., Orvieto, S., Taman-tini, C., Tiburzi, A., Valentini, S., Coletti, M., Timoney, P. J. and Passamonti, F. 2014. Detection of equid herpesvirus type 2 and 5 DNA in uterine flushings of mares with repro-ductive disorders. Veterinary Microbiology 174(3/4): 570-576.

Mastro, L. M., Adams, A. A. and Urschel, K. L. 2014. Whole-body phenylalanine kinetics and skeletal muscle pro-tein signaling in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dys-function. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 75(7): 658-667.

McNaughten, J., Pozor, M., Macpherson, M., Kelleman, A., Woodward, E. and Troedsson, M. 2014. Effects of topical application of misoprostol on cervical relaxation in mares. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 49(6): 1057-1062.

Miszczak, F., Tesson, V., Kin, N., Dina, J., Balasuriya, U. B. R., Pronost, S. and Vabret, A. 2014. First detection of equine coronavirus (ECoV) in Europe. Veterinary Microbiology 171(1/2): 206-209.

More, G., Vissani, A., Pardini, L., Monina, M., Muriel, M., Howe, D., Barrandeguy, M. and Venturini, M. C. 2014.

Seroprevalence of Sarcocystis neurona and its association with neurologic disorders in Argentinean horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34(9): 1051-1054.

Morrell, J. M., Klein, C., Lundeheim, N., Erol, E. and Troedsson, M. H. T. 2014. Removal of bacteria from stal-lion semen by colloid centrifugation. Animal Reproduction Science 145(1/2): 47-53.

Murphy, B. A., Walsh, C. M., Woodward, E. M., Prender-gast, R. L., Ryle, J. P., Fallon, L. H. and Troedsson, M. H.

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Scientific Publications

T. 2014. Blue light from individual light masks directed at a single eye advances the breeding season in mares. Equine Veterinary Journal 46(5): 601-605.

Nielsen, M. K., Pfister, K. and Samson-Himmelstjerna, G. von. 2014. Selective therapy in equine parasite control - ap-plication and limitations. Veterinary Parasitology 202(3/4): 95-103.

Nielsen, M. K., Reinemeyer, C. R., Donecker, J. M., Leath-wick, D. M., Marchiondo, A. A. and Kaplan, R. M. 2014. An-thelmintic resistance in equine parasites - current evidence and knowledge gaps. Veterinary Parasitology 204(1/2): 55-63.

Nielsen, M. K., Reist, M., Kaplan, R. M., Pfister, K., Doorn, D. C. K. van and Becher, A. 2014. Equine parasite control under prescription-only conditions in Denmark - awareness, knowledge, perception, and strategies applied. Veterinary Parasitology 204(1/2): 64-72.

Nielsen, M. K., Vidyashankar, A. N., Gravatte, H. S., Bel-law, J., Lyons, E. T. and Andersen, U. V. 2014. Development of Strongylus vulgaris-specific serum antibodies in naturally infected foals. Veterinary Parasitology 200(3/4): 265-270.

Nielsen, M. K., Wang, J. B., Davis, R., Bellaw, J. L., Lyons, E. T., Lear, T. L. and Goday, C. 2014. Parascaris univalens - a victim of large-scale misidentification? Parasitology Re-search 113(12): 4485-4490.

Oz, H.S. and Tobin, T. 2014. Diclazuril protects against ma-ternal gastrointestinal syndrome and congenital toxoplasmo-sis. International Journal of Clinical Medicine 5(3): 93-101.

Page, A. E., Slovis, N. M. and Horohov, D. W. 2014. Law-sonia intracellularis and equine proliferative enteropathy. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice 30(3): 641-658.

Page, A., Stills, H.F. and Horohov, D.W. 2014. The effect of passively-acquired antibodies on Lawsonia intracellu-laris infection and immunity in the horse. Equine Veterinary Journal DOI: 10.1111/evj.12335.

Page, A. E., Stills, H. F., Jr. and Horohov, D. W. 2014. Sub-isotypic differences in the immunoglobulin g response to Lawsonia intracellularis in vaccinated, seropositive, and equine proliferative enteropathy-affected horses. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 162(3/4): 162-167.

Peregrine, A. S., Molento, M. B., Kaplan, R. M. and Nielsen, M. K. 2014. Anthelmintic resistance in important parasites

of horses: does it really matter? Veterinary Parasitology 201(1/2): 1-8.

Pozor, M. A., Zambrano, G., Roser, J., Hess, R., Runyon, S., Runcan, E., Thomas, B. F., Dymock, D., Macpherson, M. L., Troedsson, M. H. and Kelleman, A. 2014. Acute and chronic effects of a contraceptive compound RTI-4587-073(l) on testicular histology and endocrine function in min-iature horse stallions. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 49(3): 392-402.

Preston, S. A., Riggs, C. M., Singleton, M. D. and Troeds-son, M. H. 2014. Descriptive analysis of longitudinal en-doscopy for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in Thoroughbred racehorses training and racing at the Hong Kong Jockey Club. Equine Veterinary Journal DOI: 10.1111/evj.12326.

Reinemeyer, C. R. and Nielsen, M. K. 2014. Review of the biology and control of Oxyuris equi. Equine Veterinary Edu-cation 26(11): 584-591.

Reinemeyer, C. R., Prado, J. C., Andersen, U. V., Nielsen, M. K., Schricker, B. and Kennedy, T. 2014. Effects of daily pyrantel tartrate on strongylid population dynamics and per-formance parameters of young horses repeatedly infected with cyathostomins and Strongylus vulgaris. Veterinary Par-asitology 204(3/4): 229-237.

Sanz, M. G., Oliveira, A. F., Page, A. and Horohov, D. W. 2014. Administration of commercial Rhodococcus equi spe-cific hyperimmune plasma results in variable amounts of IgG against pathogenic bacteria in foals. Veterinary Record 175(19): 485.

Scholtz, E. L., Krishnan, S., Ball, B. A., Corbin, C. J., Moeller, B. C., Stanley, S. D., McDowell, K. J., Hughes, A. L., McDonnell, D. P. and Conley, A. J. 2014. Pregnancy without progesterone in horses defines a second endogenous biopotent progesterone receptor agonist, 5alpha-dihydropro-gesterone. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111(9): 3365-3370.

Schubert, M., Jonsson, H., Chang, D., Sarkissian, C. Der, Ermini, L., Ginolhac, A., Albrechtsen, A., Dupanloup, I., Foucal, A., Petersen, B., Fumagalli, M., Raghavan, M., Seguin-Orlando, A., Korneliussen, T. S., Velazquez, A. M. V., Stenderup, J., Hoover, C. A., Rubin, C. J., Alfarhan, A. H., Alquraishi, S. A., Al-Rasheid, K. A. S., MacHugh, D. E., Kalbfleisch, T., MacLeod, J. N., Rubin, E. M. and Sicher-itz-Ponten, T. 2014. Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication. Proceedings of

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Scientific Publications

Scientific Publications the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 111(52): E5661-E5669.

Slater, J., Borchers, K., Chambers, T., Cullinane, A., Dug-gan, V., Elton, D., Legrand, L., Paillot, R. and Fortier, G. 2014. Report of the International Equine Influenza Round-table Expert Meeting at Le Touquet, Normandy, February 2013. Equine Veterinary Journal 46(6): 645-650.

Silva, M. A. C. da, Seidel, G. E., Jr., Squires, E. L., Graham, J. K. and Carnevale, E. M. 2014. Effects of milk proteins on sperm binding to the zona pellucida and intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in stallion sperm. Animal Reproduction Sci-ence 150(1/2): 24-29.

Silva, E. S. M., Scoggin, K. E., Canisso, I. F., Troedsson, M. H. T., Squires, E. L. and Ball, B. A. 2014. Expression of receptors for ovarian steroids and prostaglandin E2 in the endometrium and myometrium of mares during estrus, di-estrus and early pregnancy. Animal Reproduction Science 151(3/4): 169-181.

Spraker, T. R., Lyons, E. T., Kuzmina, T. A., Tift, M. S., Raverty, S., Jaggi, N. and Crocker, D. E. 2014. Causes of death in preweaned northern elephant seal pups (Mirounga angustirostris, Gill, 1866), Ano Nuevo State Reserve, Cali-fornia, 2012. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 26 (2): 320-326.

Steinman, A., Aharonson-Raz, K., Blum, S. E., Shnaider-man, A., Klement, E., Lensky, I. M., Horohov, D. W. and Page, A. E. 2014. Demographic and environmental risk fac-tors for exposure to Lawsonia intracellularis in horses in Israel. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 34(5): 641-646.

Swerczek, T. W. 2014. Tyzzer’s Disease in foals: retrospec-tive studies (1969-2010). Pferdeheilkunde 30(6): 718-718.

Timoney, J. F., Suther, P., Velineni, S. and Artiushin, S.C. 2014. The antiphagocytic activity of SeM of Streptococcus equi requires capsule. Journal of Equine Science 25(2): 53-56.

Troedsson, M. H. 2014. Mating-induced endometritis: physiology or pathology? Veterinary Journal 199(1): 9-10.

Velineni, S., Breathnach, C. C. and Timoney, J. F. 2014. Evidence of lateral gene transfer among strains of Strepto-coccus zooepidemicus in weanling horses with respiratory disease. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 21: 157-160.

Velineni, S., Desoutter, D., Perchec, A. M. and Timoney, J. F. 2014. Characterization of a mucoid clone of Streptococ-cus zooepidemicus from an epizootic of equine respiratory disease in New Caledonia. Veterinary Journal 200(1): 82-87.

Velineni, S. and Timoney, J.F. 2014. Capsular hyaluronic acid of equine isolates of Streptococcus zooepidemicus is upregulated at temperatures below 35 degrees C. Equine Veterinary Journal DOI: 10.1111/evj.12272.

Velineni, S., Timoney, J. F., Russell, K., Hamlen, H. J., Pesavento, P., Fortney, W. D. and Crawford, P. C. 2014. Clones of Streptococcus zooepidemicus from outbreaks of hemorrhagic canine pneumonia and associated immune responses. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21(9): 1246-1252.

Weyenberg, G., Huggins, P. M., Schardl, C. L., Howe, D. K. and Yoshida, R. 2014. kdetrees: Non-parametric estimation of phylogenetic tree distributions. Bioinformatics 30(16): 2280-2287.

Woodward, A. L., Rash, A. S., Blinman, D., Bowman, S., Chambers, T. M., Daly, J. M., Damiani, A., Joseph, S., Lewis, N., McCauley, J. W., Medcalf, L., Mumford, J., New-ton, J. R., Tiwari, A., Bryant, N. A. and Elton, D. M. 2014. Development of a surveillance scheme for equine influenza in the UK and characterisation of viruses isolated in Europe, Dubai and the USA from 2010-2012. Veterinary Microbiol-ogy 169(3/4): 113-127.

Woodward, E. M. and Troedsson, M. H. T. 2014. Inflamma-tory mechanisms of endometritis. Equine Veterinary Journal DOI: 10.1111/evj.12403.

Woodward, E. M. and Troedsson, M. H. T. 2014. Endome-tritis in old mares. Pferdeheilkunde 30 (1): 53-56.

Woodward, E. M., Troedsson, M. H. T., Doty, A. L., Estell-er-Vico, A. and Scoggin, K. E. 2014. CRISP-3 and lactofer-rin in equine seminal plasma are involved in selective sperm transport in the mare’s reproductive tract. Pferdeheilkunde 30(1): 44.

Xu, J., Vidyashankar, A. and Nielsen, M. K. 2014. Drug Resistance or Re-Emergence? Simulating Equine Parasites. ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation 24(4): 20.

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