Research Article Availability of Wild Edible Fungi in La Malinche …downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2014/241806.pdf · 2019-07-31 · Research Article Availability of Wild Edible Fungi

Research ArticleAvailability of Wild Edible Fungi in La MalincheNational Park Mexico

A Montoya1 A Kong1 R Garibay-Orijel2 C Meacutendez-Espinoza3

Rodham E Tulloss45 and A Estrada-Torres1

1 Laboratorio de Biodiversidad Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Autonoma de TlaxcalaKm 105 Autopista San Martın Texmelucan-Tlaxcala 90120 Ixtacuixtla TLAX Mexico

2 Instituto de Biologıa Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Circuito Exterior sn Ciudad Universitaria04510 Mexico DF Mexico

3 Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrıcolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP)Centro Nacional de Investigacion Disciplinaria enConservacion y Mejoramiento de Ecosistemas Forestales Avenida Progreso No 5 Colonia Barrio de Santa Catarina04010 Coyoacan DF Mexico

4 PO Box 57 Roosevelt NJ 08555-0057 USA5New York Botanical Garden Bronx NY USA

Correspondence should be addressed to A Montoya ametnomicolhotmailcom

Received 30 September 2013 Revised 22 December 2013 Accepted 28 December 2013 Published 5 March 2014

Academic Editor Clemencia Chaves-Lopez

Copyright copy 2014 A Montoya et al This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Licensewhich permits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited

The aim of this paper is to compare edible mushroom availability between the two slopes of La Malinche National Park in centralMexico and to discuss the possible relation between their availability and traditional use Eight transects were set up Samples werecollected weekly during the rainy seasons of years 1998ndash2000 Sixty-one ediblemushroom species were collected from a total area of3200m2 (032 ha) Over the three-year period the diversity of mushrooms ranged from 21 to 28 taxa per transect line Sporocarpswere produced at a rate from 206 to 605 kg40151m2 The highest species richness and production values for spatio-temporalfrequency were obtained in Southeast slope Edible mushrooms availability in the Southeast slope showed a strong dominancedriven mainly by Laccaria trichodermophora and Hebeloma mesophaeum The Southwest slope had more diversified availability intime and space with the most representative species being L trichodermophora The characteristics of traditional management oneach slope determined the differences found

1 Introduction

ldquoLa Malincherdquo volcano (altitude 4460m) is one of the mostimportant mountains in central Mexico Located in theTrans-Mexican Volcanic Belt in the southern part of thestate of Tlaxcala it has been considered one of its eldestmountains (INEGI 1986)Most of its forests are protected as aNational Park However timber and nontimber forest prod-ucts are extracted as part of the subsistence strategy of localcommunities People gather firewood edible and medicinalplants seeds andmoss andmushrooms and hunt small preys[1] 226 species of macromycetes have been listed [2] 93 ofwhich are used by local people as food fuel cosmeticsmedicines and insecticides [2 3] In the surroundings of

La Malinche there are 236 villages [4] some inhabitedby Nahua and Otomı indigenous descendants and otherssettled by mestizo people In consequence East and Westforests are under differentmanagement practices [5] Inmanyof these localities Amanita basii Lyophyllum decastes andBoletus pinophilus are the species with the highest culturalsignificance (cultural significance refers to the importance ofthe role that the organism plays within a particular culture[6]) [5] As a preliminary suggestion it has been proposedthat both fruit body abundance and price are related to thecultural significance of species Montoya et al [7] found anegative correlation between the fruit body abundance andthe mention frequency suggesting that the most valuedresources are not always the most abundant

Hindawi Publishing CorporationJournal of MycologyVolume 2014 Article ID 241806 15 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552014241806

2 Journal of Mycology

It has been proposed that the volcano is regionalizedinto two cultural areas based on the different valuations ofmushroom speciesThere are several differences in the uses ofthe forest In Javier Mina a community located on Southeastslope of the volcano 735of the total population collects andsells mushrooms every year [4 5] In the Southwest slopein San Isidro Buensuceso 21 from a total of 220 personssell wild mushrooms [4 5] Available information showsthat mushrooms are used and granted value by people fromboth slopes however the use and importance of particularspecies are different in both sidesNevertheless there is scarceinformation about ecology parameters such as the fruit bodyproduction [8] and their relation with mushroom traditionaluse The aim of this paper is to compare wild edible mush-room availability in the two slopes of ldquoLa Malincherdquo volcanoand to assess the possible relation between availability andtraditional use

2 Materials and Methods

21 Study Area La Malinche National Park is locatedbetween northern latitudes 97∘ 551015840 and 98∘ 081015840 and betweenwestern longitudes 19∘ 201015840 and 19∘ 081015840 The local climateis temperate subhumid with a rainy season in the summer[C(w2)(w)] the pressuretemperature ratio is 419 and there is

little annual variation in average monthly temperatures withfluctuations between 5∘ and 7∘The annual mean temperatureis 153∘C May is the hottest month (mean temperature =177∘C) and January is the coldest (mean temperature = 11∘C)Over 4000m weather tends to be very cold type E (T) Hwith temperatures under 0∘C in the coldest month [9]

There are threemain vegetation kinds a forest dominatedby P hartwegii in higher altitudes a forest dominated byPinusmontezumae andP teocotemixedwithAlnus jorullensisQuercus laurina and Q crassifolia in lower altitudes andan Abies religiosa forest sometimes mixed with individualsof P montezumae P hartwegii Salix cana S paradoxa andJuniperus monticola in some gullies

22 Sampling Eight sample units (SUs) were established forthis study (Table 1) Four SUs (1ndash4) were placed in Southeastslope (4ndash7 km west of Francisco Javier Mina) and the otherfour (5ndash8) in the Southwest slope (6-7 km north of San IsidroBuensuceso) (Figure 1) SUs were placed in locations usuallyvisited by mushroom collectors This had the purpose toreproduce not the natural production ofmushrooms but theirreal availability since there is a strong competition amongmushroom collectors To reduce the impact of mushroomcollection in our data transects were always visited as earlyas possible

The SUs were sampled at one week intervals during therainy seasons (July to October) Both areas were visited dur-ing three years from 1998 to 2000 SUs 1ndash4 (Southeast slope)were visited 40 times and SUs 5ndash8 (Southwest slope) werevisited 37 times At each visit all fruit bodies were countedpicked up and weighed to avoid double counting at the nextvisit At least one sample of each species was taken to the lab-oratory processed as a voucher specimen for identificationand deposited at TLXM herbarium

Each SU was composed of two parallel transects of 250meach Both transects were separated by a 50m distanceTransects were permanently marked every 5m using stickssurrounded by black pieces of plastic on one side We had atotal of 100 sampling plots on each SU Each plot had a radio of113m and a total area of 4011m2 [10]The total area sampledeach year was of 3200m2

Edibility of each species was determined through localinformation literature from the area [3] literature fromMex-ico [11] and literature from other parts of the world [12] Thecomplete list of the material reviewed was published previ-ously by Montoya et al [3]

23 Data Analysis Species richness was determined by thenumber of species registered in each SU Abundance of fruitbodies was defined as the number of fruit bodies of eachspecies in each SU during the three-year period Productionwas calculated as the total fresh weight of each speciesBiomass was calculated by measuring the dry weight of eachspecies (fruit bodies were dehydrated at least 24 h at 105∘C)Spatiotemporal frequency was calculated as the sum of thenumber of sampling plots where a species was found in eachsampling date Spatial frequency is the number of differentplots in which a species was found during the three-yearperiod in each SU Spatial frequency was categorized inexponential classes very infrequent (1ndash3) infrequent (4ndash9)frequent (10ndash21) very frequent (22ndash45) and extremely fre-quent (46ndash100) We looked for statistical differences in fruitbody abundance and fruit body production between the twoslopes For this purpose either the total number of fruit bod-ies or the total fresh weight in each SU (8) was considered asindependent observations while the data in each SU alongthe years (3) were considered as repeated measures havingtwelve observations per slope Means were compared by abifactorial ANOVA formixed designs in STATISTICA10 [13]Availability of each species was determined by means of itsecological importance value which equals the sum of its rel-ative abundance relative spatiotemporal frequency and rela-tive production [14]

Similarity between the SUs according to their speciescomposition was computed using the species spatiotemporalfrequency A distance matrix was built where rows corre-sponded to the species and columns to the eight SUs Thecorrelation index (Pearson product moment) was computedand SUs were clustered with the UPGMA method then thecophenetic value was computed An ordination of the eightOTUs (=SUs) in a multidimensional space of characters wasmade by means of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA)Analyses were done in NTSYS-pc [15] The diversity wascalculated by using the Shannon-Wiener index Since it is notpossible to know the number of individuals fruit bodies werecounted and instead of using abundance rates spatiotempo-ral frequency was used These analyses were done in the pastsoftware version 216 [16]

3 Results

31 Species Richness During the three sampling years 61 edi-ble mushroom species were found (Table 2) 48 species in

Journal of Mycology 3

Location of the study area in MexicoLa Malinche National ParkSan Isidro Buensuceso

Francisco Javier MinaForest areaSampling units 1ndash8

Figure 1Map showing sampling units of LaMalincheNational Park TlaxcalaMexicowhere the ecological data sampling ofwildmushroomswas conducted

the Southeast slope and 49 in Southwest slope The speciesbelonged to 37 genera Fifty-one species were Basidiomycetesand the best represented families were Russulaceae with 9species and Amanitaceae with 5 species We identified 9Ascomycetes the family Helvellaceae being the best repre-sented with 4 species 44 species were mycorrhizal 15 weresaprotrophs and 2 were parasitic

During the three years of sampling the highest speciesrichness was found in the Pinus-Abies forest (SU2 and SU6)and the lowest value was observed in the Pinus forest (SU7)of the Southwest slope Despite the sampling year the highestspecies richness was always observed in the Pinus-Abiesforests (in 1998 at SU6 in 1999 at SU1 and SU5 in 2000 atSU5 SU6 and SU8) In 1999 a Pinus forest (SU3) located inthe Southeast slope also showed a high species richness Thepresence of different tree host species offersmore possibilitiesto find a higher diversity of ectomycorrhizal mushrooms

and more substrates for saprotrophic mushrooms Likewisemicrohabitats produced by the soil humidity and mossesassociated toAbies produce several differences for the mush-room community

Species exclusive to the Southeast slope were Amanitabasii Amanita vaginata Armillaria aff mellea Cantharelluscibarius Laccaria amethystina Lyophyllum sp 1 Ramaria sp1 Ramaria sp 2 Ramaria sp 3 Russula integra and Rus-sula olivacea Species exclusive to the Southwest slope wereAgaricus augustus Amanita fulva Boletus luridus Clavulinacinerea Clavulina coralloides Geopora sp Turbinellus floc-cosus Helvella acetabula Russula albonigra Hygrophoropsisaurantiaca Hygrophorus hypothejus and Sarcosphaera coro-naria

32 Abundance of Fruit Bodies During the three samplingyears the highest number of fruit bodies (1319) was found in


Table 1 Geographic location of the sampling units selected for registering ecological data of wild edible mushrooms in LaMalinche NationalPark Tlaxcala MexicoSamplingunit (SU) Location Vegetation Altitude

(p = plot)Geographical coordinatesNorth West

SU175 km east fromFrancisco Javier

Mina

Pinus montezumaemdashAbies religiosa forest 50plots are located in Pinus and the other 50 inAbies Abies is located in a ravine Pinus areais subject to frequent harvesting of wildmushrooms during the rainy season

3263 (p1)3189 (p50)3260 (p51)3189 (p100)

19∘121015840171015840101584019∘121015840121015840101584019∘121015840111015840101584019∘1210158400710158401015840

97∘591015840401015840101584097∘591015840251015840101584097∘591015840411015840101584097∘5910158402610158401015840


Mina

P montezumaemdashA religiosa forest 50 plotsare located in Pinus and the other 50 inAbies Abies is located in a ravine Pinus areais subject to frequent harvesting of wildmushrooms and firewood during the rainyseason

2900 (p1)2868 (p50)2898 (p51)2868 (p100)

19∘121015840091015840101584019∘121015840081015840101584019∘121015840141015840101584019∘1210158401310158401015840

97∘571015840471015840101584097∘571015840311015840101584097∘571015840481015840101584097∘5710158403310158401015840


Mina

P montezumae forest The forest is subject tofrequent harvesting of wild mushrooms andfirewood during the rainy season

3146 (p1)3104 (p50)3139 (p51)3097 (p100)

19∘121015840051015840101584019∘111015840591015840101584019∘121015840001015840101584019∘1110158405410158401015840

97∘591015840151015840101584097∘591015840031015840101584097∘591015840161015840101584097∘5910158400410158401015840


Mina

P montezumae forest The forest is subject tofrequent harvesting of wild mushroomsduring the rainy season

2996 (p1)2951 (p50)2989 (p51)2954 (p100)

19∘121015840001015840101584019∘111015840581015840101584019∘111015840551015840101584019∘1110158405210158401015840

97∘581015840281015840101584097∘581015840131015840101584097∘581015840291015840101584097∘5810158401510158401015840

SU5145 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco

A religiosa forest The forest is subject tofrequent tree cutting

3600 (p1)3660 (p50)3390 (p51)3540 (p100)

19∘131015840491015840101584019∘131015840571015840101584019∘131015840551015840101584019∘1310158405210158401015840

98∘031015840281015840101584098∘031015840351015840101584098∘031015840361015840101584098∘0310158402510158401015840

SU6115 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco

A religiosa forest with some individuals of Pmontezumae and Salix sp

3111 (p1)3134 (p50)3116 (p51)3154 (p100)

19∘131015840581015840101584019∘141015840021015840101584019∘131015840561015840101584019∘1410158400110158401015840

98∘051015840051015840101584098∘041015840571015840101584098∘051015840061015840101584098∘0410158405610158401015840

SU712 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco

Open forest dominated by P montezumaeThe forest is subject to frequent tree cutting

3150 (p1)3330 (p 50)3240 (p51)3330 (p100)

19∘131015840501015840101584019∘131015840501015840101584019∘131015840511015840101584019∘1310158404910158401015840

98∘041015840001015840101584098∘041015840081015840101584098∘041015840071015840101584098∘0310158405810158401015840

SU813 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco

Mixed forest dominated by P montezumaemixed with Alnus jorullensis A religiosaand Salix sp The forest is subject to frequenttree cutting

3315 (p1)3269 (p50)3316 (p51)3270 (p100)

19∘131015840541015840101584019∘131015840551015840101584019∘131015840511015840101584019∘1310158405110158401015840

98∘041015840021015840101584098∘041015840131015840101584098∘041015840011015840101584098∘0410158401410158401015840

(For an integer (119899) SU119899 = sampling unit 119899 and p119899 = plot 119899)

the SU4 in a Pinus forest on Southeast slopeThis means thatthey were 56 times more than those recorded at SU1 wherethe less number of fruit bodies was found (230) The lowestabundancewas observed in thePinus-Abies forest (SU1) of thesame areaMore fruit bodies were found in the year 2000 thanin the two previous years Southeast slope produced almosttwice as many fruit bodies as the Southwest slope (Table 2)The most abundant species in the three years were L tricho-dermophora Hebeloma mesophaeum Clitocybe gibba Helve-lla lacunosa Morchella elata Suillus pseudobrevipes Helvellacrispa and S coronaria

Although themean of fruit bodies produced in the South-east slope (25683 fruit bodiesSU year) doubled those pro-duced in the Southwest slope (11442 fruit bodiesSU year)no statistical differences were found between slopes (119865

(118)=

377 119875 = 006) nor between years (119865(218)= 0291 119875 =

0750) because of the high standard deviation in the data ofSoutheast slope (233882)The interaction between slopes andyears also showed any difference (119865

(218)= 1034 119875 = 0375)

33 Production Comparing the values obtained for the twoareas higher values (1610 Kg3200m2) were found on theSoutheast slope L trichodermophora being the most pro-ductive species whereas on the Southwest slope (1344Kg3200m2) S coronaria showed the highest values The totalfresh weight recorded at the SUs during the three-yearperiod was 2954Kg3200m2 (Table 2) This amount means9210 Kgha3 years of edible wild mushrooms SU3 locatedin a Pinus forest had the highest values of fresh weight Year2000 had the greatest production of edible mushroom freshweight

The species with the highest values of fresh weight were in1998 L ovispora R acrifolia R brevipesHmesophaeum andL trichodermophora in 1999L trichodermophoraR brevipesR acrifolia andA rubescens and in year 2000 S coronaria Ltrichodermophora S pseudobrevipes R acrifolia C glauco-pus and B pinophilus No statistical differences were foundbetween the means of fresh weight of edible mushroomsproduced in each slope (119865

(118)= 0417 119875 = 0526) nor


Table2Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin

eighttransectslocatedin

LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Agaric

aceae

Agaricu

saugustusF

rS0

10

000

073

018

0000134

01

0000

080

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m(Scop)F

ayod

S15

14000549

001020

517

43

000321

000

032

358

038

000225

000225

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

PersS

518

000183

001311

398

1414

5000

025

001052

064

1425

000

040

001137

Amanita

ceae

Amanita

affvaginata(Bull)

LamM

20

000

073

097

0000

060

013

30

000

084

0Am

anita

basii

Guzman

andRa

m-G

uill

M4

0000146

0289

0001795

02259

0001422

0Am

anita

franchetii

(Bou

d)F

ayod

M50

2001831

000146

8299

1052

005155

000783

6599

847

004153

000

676

Amanita

fulva

FrM

02

0000146

0194

0000144

0174

0000139

Amanita

rubescensP

ersM

434

001574

000291

8182

112

005083

000833

5811

1062

003657

000847

Auric

ulariaceae

Auric

ulariaauric

ula-judae(Bu

ll)Q

uelP

25

000

073

000364

06

5637119864minus05

000

042

0039

03924119864minus05

000

031

Boletaceae

Boletus

lurid

usSchaeff

M

02

0000146

0764

0000568

010

30

000

082

Boletus

pinophilu

sPilatand

Dermek

M5

2000183

000146

9205

2437

005718

001813

8495

2453

005346

001957

Cantharellaceae

Cantharellu

scibariusF

rM0

20

000146

0254

0000189

0234

0000187

Clavariadelphaceae

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

Don

kM10

0000366

0333

0000207

0412

0000259

0Clavulinaceae

Clavulinacin

erea

(Bull)

JSchrotM

01

0000

073

054

0000

040

0093

0000

074

Clavulinacoralloides(L)JSchrotM

01

0000

073

087

0000

065

013

70

000110

Cortin

ariaceae

Cortinariusglaucopus

(Schaeff)F

rM1

15000

037

001092

605

41283

000376

003071

371

3202

000233

000233

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

(Pers)

QuelM

316

36011571

002622

75805

8695

004709

000

647

9357

943

005888

005888

Disc

inaceae

Gyromitraınfula(Schaeff)Q

uelS

137

000

037

002695

112

1604

000

070

001193

121648

000

075

000

076

Entolomataceae

Entolomacly

peatum

(L)PKu

mmM

7212

002636

000873

7332

1308

004554

000

973

4872

1169

00306

600306

6Gom

phaceae

Ramariasp1

M1

0000

037

05299

0000329

0393

0000247

0Ra

mariasp2

M1

0000

037

03368

0002092

02561

0001612

0Ra

mariasp3

M2

0000

073

01079

0000

670

01228

0000773

0Tu

rbinellus

floccosus

(Schwein)E

arleex

Giachiniand

Caste

llano

M0

99

000

655

0395

0002938

03241

00

Gom

phidiaceae

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis(M

urrill)

OK

MillM

62

000220

000146

263

94000163

000

070

339

072

000213

000

057


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Helv

ellaceae

Helv

ellaacetabulum

(L)QuelM

020

0001457

01214

40

000

903

01547

00

Helv

ellacrisp

a(Scop)F

rM39

80001428

005827

213

4724

001323

003514

3343

6854

002104

002104

Helv

ellaela

stica

Bull

M3

12000110

000874

55

306

000

034

000228

132

198

000

083

000

083

Helv

ellalacunosa

Afzel

M49

122

001794

008886

2118

7304

001316

005433

3898

1003

002453

002453

Hydnang

iaceae

Laccariaam

ethystina

Coo

keM

150

000549

076

0000

047

010

20

000

064

0La

ccariatrichodermophora

GM

Muell

M1678

225

06144

3016387

321512

77305

019972

005750

3677

36557

023142

005230

Hygroph

oraceae

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s(Fr)FrM

04

0000291

0159

0000118

017

20

0Hygrophorus

chrysodon(Batsch)

FrM

1350

000

476

00364

244

98631

000279

000

642

314

776

000198

000198

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

(Alband

Schw

ein)F

rM7

1000256

000

073

2167

186

001346

000138

1537

051

000

967

000

967

Hygroph

orop

sidaceae

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

(Wulfen)

Maire

S0

20

000146

051

0000

038

0046

00

Lyop

hyllaceae

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s(Fr)Singer

S46

12001684

000874

3553

712

002207

000530

262

659

001649

000526

Lyophyllu

msp1

S1

0000

037

01385

0000860

0632

0000398

0Morchellaceae

Morchellaela

taFrS

Mlowast

6151

000220

010998

3346

86

000205

003486

295

6859

000186

005471

Morchellaesculen

ta(L)Perslowast

110

000

037

000728

165

557

000102

000

414

23

3000145

000239

Omph

alotaceae

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s(Bu

ll)M

urrillS

1642

000586

003059

3915

1522

000243

001132

375

878

000236

000236

Pezizaceae

Sarcosphaera

coronaria

(Jacq)JSchrotM

0104

0007575

028342

0021081

02198

0017532

Pluteaceae

Pluteuscervinu

s(Schaeff)PKu

mmS

28

000

073

000583

329

931

000204

000

693

152

103

000

096

000822

Pyronemataceae

Geopora

spM

01

0000

073

0183

0000136

0324

00

Physalacria

ceae

Armillariaaffm

ellea

(Vahl)PKu

mmP

440

001611

034203

0002124

0281

0001768

0Rh

izop

ogon

aceae

Rhizopogon

spM

312

001135

000146

481

173

000299

000129

914

309

000575

000246


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Russulaceae

Lactariusd

elicio

sus(L)G

rayM

158

000549

000583

2246

2293

001395

001706

1866

1618

001174

001290

Lactariussalmonico

lorR

Heim

and

Lecla

irM

2113

000769

000

947

35453

18332

002202

001364

297

2119

001869

001690

Russu

laacrifoliaRo

magn

M21

18000769

001312

61395

1677

003814

012474

5865

1474

9003691

0117

64Ru

ssulaalbonigra(K

rombh

)FrM

20

000

073

01447

0000899

0852

0000536

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

naSing

erM

197

000

696

000510

2149

1368

001335

001018

1605

1086

001010

000866

Russu

labrevipesPeck

M19

19000

696

001384

12495

1222

007762

009090

12838

1318

6008079

010518

Russu

laintegra(L)FrM

160

000586

04529

0002813

044

740

002816

0Ru

ssulaolivacea

(Schaeff)F

rM1

0000

037

0572

0000355

0528

0000332

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a(Schaeff)F

rM5

5000183

000364

1621

1058

001007

000787

2013

1134

001267

000

905

Stroph

ariaceae

Pholiota

lenta

S5

16000183

001165

275

1089

000171

000810

222

849

000140

000

677

Strophariacoronilla

(Bullex

DC)Q

uelS

014

0001020

0625

0000

465

0401

0000320

Suillaceae

Suillus

pseudobrevipesAH

Smand

Thiers

M70

52002563

003787

7028

69055

004366

005136

5533

4906

003482

003913

Tricho

lomataceae

Clito

cybe

gibba(Pers)

PKu

mmS

21152

000769

011071

964

5651

000598

004

203

963

4962

000

606

003958

Clito

cybe

odora(Bull)

PKu

mmS

14

000

037

000291

102

212

000

063

000158

009

06856119864minus05

000

054

Lepista

ovisp

ora(J

ELange)GuldenS

161

000586

000

073

17843

174

011084

000129

2104

311

013241

000248

Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

(Pers)

Murrill

Kuhn

erandMaire

S11

45000

403

003277

337

4225

000209

003143

314

3769

000198

00300

6

Trich

olom

aequestre(L)PK

ummM

18

000

037

000583

49

762

000

030

000567

309

663

000194

000529

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslopeSsaprobicMm

ycorrhizalP

parasitic


between the years (119865(218)= 224 119875 = 0135) The interaction

between mushrooms abundance by slopes and years did notshow any difference (119865

(218)= 119 119875 = 0325)

34 Biomass The highest biomass production (159 Kg3200m23 years) was recorded in the SUs located in Southeastslope while 125 Kg3200m23 years was produced in theSouthwest slope L trichodermophora and L ovispora werethe species with the highest biomass production values in theSoutheast slope and S coronaria and R brevipes in the South-west slope The total biomass was 284Kg3200m23 yearswhich would mean 887 kgha SU3 had the highest valuesThe highest values were recorded in year 2000 (Table 2)

35 Spatiotemporal Frequency Southeast slope had a higherspatiotemporal frequency (STF) presenting 905 plots withmushrooms while Southwest slope had 590 plots withmush-rooms SU4 located in a Pinus forest had the highest overallSTF with 371 while SU7 also in a Pinus forest had the lowestwith 96 Year 2000 had the highest overall STFwith 642 plotsThe species observed in the biggest number of sampling plotswere L trichodermophora H mesophaeum H lacunosa Hcrispa S pseudobrevipes and C gibba then they were thespecies most widely distributed in the study area (Table 3)

36 Spatial Frequency Southeast slope had the highest spatialfrequency (SF) (471 plots) and Southwest slope showed arelative SF of 389 plots The SUs with the highest values offrequency were SU4 SU3 SU6 and SU5 SU7 presented thelowest SF Species with the highest percentage of SF through-out all the sampled areawereL trichodermophora (1775)Hmesophaeum (900)H lacunosa (800)H crispa (638)Mmelaleuca (438) S pseudobrevipes (425) andC gibba(413) (Table 3)

The SF values for A basii A rubescens B pinophilusH mesophaeum L trichodermophora and L decastes werehigher in the Southeast slope while forT floccosusH crispaH lacunosaM elata andM esculenta higher SFs were regis-tered in the Southwest slope In both cases those species havebeen determined to be the most important from a culturalperspective [5]

37 Availability Values obtained as the availability index foreach species are showed in Table 3 Species with the highestvalues in this study were L trichodermophora S coronariaH lacunosa H crispa M elata C gibba M melaleuca Racrifolia R brevipes and S pseudobrevipes The informationobtained from the availability index shows the presence ofseveral different environments adequate for the fruiting ofmushrooms In the Southwest slope Abies forests are locatedin a lower altitude than those in the Southeast slope wherePinus forests are predominant so there are differences inspecies between the two sites

L trichodermophora H mesophaeum E clypeatum andS pseudobrevipes had the highest values in the Southeastslope while L trichodermophora S coronariaH lacunosaCgibba and H crispa had the highest values on the Southwestslope As for the Southwest slope Figure 2 shows a greater

diversity of species with considerable availability These werepresent in space and time in a differential way As well as inthe Southeast slope (Figure 3) the significance of L tricho-dermophora stands out In this case S coronaria because ofits consistency showed high production values consideringits low abundance

The availability of species measured by the ecologicalimportance value did show remarkable differences betweenthe two slopesThe Southeast slope has two dominant speciesL trichodermophora and H mesophaeum The other speciesregistered on this area showed low values suggesting theirscarce availability in the three sampling years L trichoder-mophora was very abundant it was widely distributed in thesaid space and time In contrast its production was not veryhigh because of the size of its fruit bodies It is interesting tonotice that mushrooms as B pinophilus have relatively highvalues of production due to the consistence and size of theirfruit bodies despite their low abundance and distributionin time and space These characteristics contribute to theincrease of the high production values in the Southeast slope

38 Similarity The cluster analysis (Figure 4) shows the sim-ilarity between SUs based on the values of the spatiotemporalfrequency of species Twomain clusters can be observedThefirst is composed of three SUs two from the Southwest slope(SU6 SU8) and one from the Southeast slope (SU1) The twomost similar SUs of this group are SU1 and SU6 and arerelated to SU8 half of SU1 and all SU6 are located in an Abiesforest and SU8 which is the most different SU is in a mixedforest The second cluster includes SU2 SU4 SU7 and SU3three of them from the Southeast slope and SU7 is from theSouthwest slope all of which are set up on Pinus forests SU2and SU4 are the two most similar SU3 is the most differentwithin this group SU5 is the most different of all SUs

As shown in Figure 5 the results of PCAprovide a sharperdefinition of the different clusters described aboveThe resultsof PCA indicate that the species that contributed to clusterformation (which have a loading gt07 on the first two PCs)wereM affmelaleucaL trichodermophoraA basiiHmeso-phaeumC cibarius andC amianthinum in PC1A vaginataGeopora spG dryophilusG infulaM elata and S coronariain PC2 are all absent from SU3 The first two Principal Com-ponents explain cumulatively 449 of data variation

The representation of the OTUs in a three-dimensionalspace of characters (Figure 5) shows that SUs studied arecloser to one another by vegetation type In the clustersformed by these SUs it is possible to identify subgroupsaccording to the species of edible mushrooms present orabsent Sampling units 1 and 6 showed 17 species in commonsome are characteristic ofAbies forests for example C gibbaC odora H crispa H elastica H lacunosa L salmonicolorandM esculenta And some others also grow in Pinus forestsfor exampleA rubescens and E clypeatum SU8 presented sixexclusive species which had the highest values in the analysisof PCA Conforming a subgroup distinct from the previousSUs 2 and 4 presented 19 species in common most of themaremushrooms associated with Pinus forests (egA basiiAfranchetiiH mesophaeum L trichodermophora and S pseu-dobrevipes among others) and SUs 3 and 7 share 16 species


Table3Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relatives

patia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Agaricu

saugustus

01

000

425

000257

01

0000169

0000

633

Amanita

affvaginata

20

000849

04

0000

442

000100

00

Amanita

basii

40

004

246

031

2003425

000339

006216

000339

Amanita

franchetii

202

0000514

02

0000339

0112

32001781

Amanita

fulva

01

00360

9000257

202

002219

000339

002211

000886

Amanita

rubescens

171

001274

000257

20

000221

0010487

001381

Armillariasp1

60

000212

010

0001105

0006115

0Au

riculariaauric

ula

12

0000514

13

000110

000508

000

400

001428

Boletus

lurid

us0

2000849

000514

02

0000339

0001567

Boletus

pinophilu

s4

2000849

000514

52

000552

000339

007303

002811

Cantharellu

scibarius

42

000

425

000514

02

0000339

000849

001188

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis

22

000

425

000514

40

000

4412

0001250

000730

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

20

00

11

000110

000169

001108

000169

Clavulinacin

erea

01

0000257

11

000110

000169

000110

000540

Clavulinacoralloides

01

002123

000257

1342

001436

007119

001436

007513

Clito

cybe

gibba

1023

000212

005913

12

000110

000339

003601

021526

Clito

cybe

odora

11

000

424

000257

17

000110

001186

000

423

001893


15

000212

001285

113

001215

000508

001840

005957

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m6

2001274

000514

32

000331

000339

002476

001905

Entolomacly

peatum

252

005308

000514

325

003536

000847

016035

003209

Geopora

sp

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

636

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s3

9000

637

002314

512

000552

002033

002018

008539

Gyromitrainfula

19

000212

002314

117

000110

002881

000

429

009083

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

5715

012102

003856

9921

010939

003559

039321

010684

Helv

ellaacetabulum

09

0002314

012

0002034

0006707

Helv

ellacrisp

a18

33003822

008483

2550

002762

008475

009335

026298

Helv

ellaela

stica

17

000212

001799

38

000331

001356

000

688

004

257

Helv

ellalacunosa

1747

00360

9012082

2562

002762

010508

009482

036909

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

610

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s0

10

000257

821

000884

003559

000884

004

226

Hygrophorus

chrysodon

810

001699

002571

02

0000339

002453

007193

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

21

000212

001285

52

000552

000339

002580

000807

Laccariaam

ethystina

20

000

425

000257

30

000331

0001353

0La


109

33000

425

0380

70041989

011864

146546

042485

Lactariusd

elicio

sus

73

023142

008483

115

001215

000847

004

646

003907

Lactariussalmonico

lor

108

001486

000771

1212

001326

002034

006

420

006

401

Lepista

ovisp

ora

91

004

671

001542

151

001657

000169

015238

000

629


Table3Con

tinued

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relativ

espatia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

47

002123

002057

411

000

442

001864

001499

006

027

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s22

6000849

001799

297

003204

001186

0117

67004132

Lyophyllu

msp1

10

001911

000257

10

000197

0001220

0Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

728

000212

08

34000884

005763

002982

019381

Morchellaela

ta3

17001492

007198

323

000331

003898

001393

022752

Morchellaesculen

ta1

5000

637

004370

16

000110

001017

000

462

00344

4Ph

oliota

lenta

59

000212

001285

511

000552

001864

001968

006153

Pluteuscervinu

s2

6001062

002314

27

000221

001186

000

923

004

004

Ramariasp1

10

000

425

001542

10

000110

0000

689

0Ra

mariasp2

10

000212

01

0000110

0002452

0Ra

mariasp3

10

000212

01

0000110

0001067

0Rh

izopogon

sp

72

001486

000514

62

000

663

000339

003583

001127

Russu

laacrifolia

138

002760085

002057

1911

002099

001864

00944

2017706

Russu

laalbonigra

10

000212

01

0000110

0001295

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

na8

5001699

001285

106

001105

001017

004

834

003830

Russu

labrevipes

613

001274

003342

2317

002541

002881

012273

016697

Russu

laintegra

120

002548

015

0001657

000760

40

Russu

laolivacea

10

000212

01

0000110

0000715

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a3

2000

637

000514

52

000552

000339

002379

00200

4Sarcosphaera

coronaria

018

0004

627

031

0005254

0038538

Strophariacoronilla

03

0000771

07

0001186

000344

2Suillus

pseudobrevipes

2212

004

671

003085

3626

003978

004

407

015578

016415

Turbinellus

floccosus

04

0001028

05

0000847

0005469

Trich

olom

aequestre

16

000212

001542

18

000110

001356

000390

004

048

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslope


0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

045La

ccar

ia tr

ichod

erm

opho

raSa

rcos

phae

ra co

rona

riaH

elvell

a la

cuno

saH

elvell

a cr

ispa

Mor

chell

a ela

taCl

itocy

be gi

bba

Mela

noleu

ca m

elaleu

caRu

ssula

acr

ifolia

Russu

la b

revi

pes

Suill

us p

seud

obre

vipe

sH

ebelo

ma

mes

opha

eum

Gyro

mitr

a in

fula

Gym

nopu

s dry

ophi

lus

Clav

ulin

a co

rallo

ides

Hyg

roph

orus

chry

sodo

nH

elvell

a ac

etab

ulum

Lact

ariu

s sal

mon

icolo

rPh

olio

ta le

nta

Lyco

perd

on p

erla

tum

Cort

inar

ius g

lauc

opus

Turb

inell

us fl

occo

sus

Helv

ella

elasti

caH

ygro

phor

us h

ypot

heju

sLy

ophy

llum

dec

aste

sTr

ichol

oma

eque

stre

Plut

eus c

ervi

nus

Lacta

rius d

elicio

sus

Russu

la a

mer

icana

Mor

chell

a es

culen

taSt

roph

aria

coro

nilla

Ento

lom

a cly

peat

umBo

letus

pin

ophi

lus

Russu

la x

eram

pelin

aCy

stode

rma

amia

nthi

num

Clito

cybe

odo

raAm

anita

fran

chet

iiBo

letus

lurid

usAu

ricul

aria

aur

icula

-juda

eAm

anita

rube

scen

sCa

ntha

rellu

s cib

ariu

sRh

izop

ogon

sp

RFW-SWRSF-SW

RSTF-SWRAB-SW

Figure 2 Availability of wild edible mushrooms in Southwest slope of LaMalinche National ParkMexico Availability Index was obtained byadding the relative values of abundance spatial frequency spatiotemporal frequency and fresh weight of each mushroom species RFW-SWrelative fresh weight of Southwest slope RSF-SW relative spatial frequency of Southwest slope RSTF-SW relative spatiotemporal frequencyof Southwest slope RAB-SW relative abundance of Southwest slope

which are mushrooms associated with Pinus forests (eg Afranchetii and B pinophilus) SU 5 was the most different ithad two exclusive species (Geopora sp and S coronaria) andis located higher in altitude than other SUs

Comparing information obtained for both slopes of LaMalinche National Park the highest values in all parametersconsidered were observed in the Southeast slope Howeverwe did not find statistical differences

39 Diversity Based on the abundance of fruit bodies theShannon-Wiener diversity index (1198671015840) in the Southeast slope

was 178 with a max 1198671015840 of 387 1198671015840 in Southwest slope was300 with amax 3891198671015840 Based on the abundance of plots1198671015840was 253 for Southeast slope and 326 for Southwest slope Insummary considering the abundance of fruit bodies or plotsthe greatest diversity values were found in the SouthwestThe calculation of the weighted diversity index (119867

119901) showed

that both slopes are statistically different with respect to oneanother (Table 4)

The highest value for the Shannon-Wiener diversity indexwas obtained in SU7 (1198671015840 = 343) located in the Southwestslope with 21 species The lowest value of diversity was


Table 4 Wild edible mushrooms diversity in La Malinche National Park Mexico

Abundance of fruit bodies Abundance of plotsSouthwest slope Southeast slope Southwest slope Southeast slope

119878 = species richness 49 48 49 48119873 = number of fruit bodiesplots 1373 2731 590 9031198671015840 = Shannon-Wiener diversity 300 178 326 2551198671015840

max = maximum diversity 389 387 389 387119867119901= weighted diversity 298 177 322 250

Var = variance 0000930 0001224 000173 000296119905 = Studentrsquos 119905-test minus26055 minus10573df = degree of freedom 39374 14888119875 (same) = probability 33256119890188 3048711989025

0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

RFW-SERSF-SE

RSTF-SERAB-SE

Lacc

aria

trich

oder

mop

hora

Sarc

osph

aera

coro

naria

Helv

ella

lacu

nosa

Helv

ella

crisp

aM

orch

ella

elata

Clito

cybe

gibb

aM

elano

leuca

mela

leuca

Russu

la a

crifo

liaRu

ssula

bre

vipe

sSu

illus

pse

udob

revi

pes

Heb

elom

a m

esop

haeu

mGy

rom

itra

infu

laGy

mno

pus d

ryop

hilu

sCl

avul

ina

cora

lloid

esH

ygro

phor

us ch

ryso

don

Helv

ella

acet

abul

umLa

ctar

ius s

alm

onico

lor

Phol

iota

lent

aLy

cope

rdon

per

latu

mCo

rtin

ariu

s gla

ucop

usTu

rbin

ellus

floc

cosu

sH

elvell

a ela

stica

Hyg

roph

orus

hyp

othe

jus

Lyop

hyllu

m d

ecas

tes

Trich

olom

a eq

uestr

ePl

uteu

s cer

vinu

sLa

ctariu

s deli

ciosu

sRu

ssula

am

erica

naM

orch

ella

escu

lenta

Stro

phar

ia co

roni

llaEn

tolo

ma

clype

atum

Bolet

us p

inop

hilu

sRu

ssula

xer

ampe

lina

Cysto

derm

a am

iant

hinu

mCl

itocy

be o

dora

Aman

ita fr

anch

etii

Bolet

us lu

ridus

Auric

ular

ia a

uricu

la-ju

dae

Aman

ita ru

besc

ens

Cant

hare

llus c

ibar

ius

Rhiz

opog

on sp

Figure 3 Availability of wild edible mushrooms in Southeast slope of LaMalinche National Park Mexico Availability Index was obtained byadding the relative values of abundance spatial frequency spatiotemporal frequency and fresh weight of each mushroom species RFW-SErelative fresh weight of Southeast slope RSF relative spatial frequency of Southeast slope RSTF-SE relative spatiotemporal frequency ofSoutheast slope RAB-SE relative abundance of Southeast slope


SU1SU6

SU2

SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7

SU8

Correlation coefficient000 025 050 075 100

r = 0923

Figure 4 Phenogram showing the similarity between SUs locatedin La Malinche National Park Mexico according to spatiotemporalfrequency of species of wild edible mushrooms SUs 1 and 2 arelocated inAbies-Pinus forests (50 plots inAbies and 50 in Pinus) SUs5 and 6 are located in Abies-Pinus forests SUs 3 4 and 7 are locatedin Pinus forests SU 8 is located in a mixed forest

obtained in SU4 (1198671015840 = 181) located in the Southeast slopewith 25 speciesThe evenness ranged from088 in SU1 (Pinus-Abies forest) to 078 in SU8 (mixed forest dominated byPinus)(Table 4)

4 Discussion

The area located in Southeast slope of La Malinche NationalPark presented the highest values of abundance productionbiomass STF and SF of fruiting bodies of edible wildmushrooms while the values obtained in the SUs located inthe Southwest slopes were lower Southeast slope is an areainfluenced by mestizo communities contrary to the indige-nous condition in the Southwest region this is a relevant factin terms of forest managementThe other difference betweenboth slopes related to the management of mushrooms is thelevel of commercialization which is made in great scale insome communities of the Southeast slope for example inJavier Mina opposite to the Southwest region where thereexists a low-level trade of mushrooms and in San IsidroBuensuceso where their use is mainly for self-consumptionBy this way different extractive techniques and uses havedifferent impacts on the availability of mushrooms in theforest areas surrounding the communities [5]

Both locations had almost the same number of species Inyear 2000 higher values were found in all variablesmeasuredWith regard to the SUs the highest values were recorded forSU4 and the lowest for SU1 Highest values in production(fresh weight) and biomass (dry weight) were recorded inSU3 Highest species richness was detected in SUs 2 and 6Largest number of exclusive species was found in SU8 andSU2 Mycorrhizal fungi were more abundant than saprobessince families with more species observed were RussulaceaeTricholomataceae Amanitaceae Gomphaceae and Helvel-laceae

It should be noticed thatHmesophaeum andM elata hadtheir highest abundance in 1998 this was probably a result ofthe fires before the rainy season Fires had a favorable effect instimulating fruiting and in increasing the number of sporo-carps Moser [17] mentions the carbonicolous habit of H

PC1

PC2

000

200

400

minus200

minus400

minus850 minus538 minus225 088 400

SU1

SU6

SU2SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7 SU8

Figure 5 Representation of the sampling units in La MalincheNational Park in a bidimensional space of characters with aPrincipal Component Analysis Sampling units (SUs) from 1 to 8 aregrouped (inside rectangles) according to the spatiotemporal fre-quency of edible mushrooms growing in each one Principal Com-ponent (PC) 1 versus PC 2 The first two Principal Componentsexplain cumulatively 449 of data variation

mesophaeum and Lincoff et al [18] describe the preferenceofM elata to fruit in areas that have been burned prior to therainy season That is the reason why such species presentedhigh values of abundance during the three years of samplingM elata was collected from the Pinus-Abies forest (SUs 1 5and 8) andH mesophaeum from both Pinus and Pinus-Abiesforests (SUs 1ndash8)

Most significant species in the Southeast slope have thehighest values in production abundance and spatial fre-quency in this area compared to the same species in the otherslope The same behavior was observed in the Southwestslope Then the possibility to make a more comprehensiveresearch is suggested that takes into consideration the mon-itoring of ecology of mushrooms for a long period includingthe measurement of structural characteristics of vegetationand weather variables It would also be very importantto include the measurement of the impact of harvestingand other traditional management practices as ecologicalvariables Intentional fires increase the production of somespecies asH mesophaeum andMorchella spp but there is noinformation of their effect on other species in the area

Investigations made about the ecology of wild ediblefungi in Mexico have used different methods cannot makeany kind of comparisons However in some forests of Cen-tral and Southern Mexico production values obtained arevery variable compared to the present study We recorded2953 kg3200m2 or 92101 kgha3 years and Zamora-Mar-tınez and Nieto de Pascual-Pola [19] reported a productionof 763 kghayear and for the other year 524 kgha ofedible wildmushrooms in a Christmas trees plantation (Abiesreligiosa) in Topilejo Mexico The authors suggest that theannual variations in the production of mushrooms were dueto temperature and precipitation as well as the age of thetrees Also in the Malinche Volcano Hernandez-Dıaz [8]assessed the production of wild edible mushrooms in a pineand fir forest sampling two permanent plots of 900m2 eachThere were 35 species of fungi 28 in fir and 22 in pine


The total production was 5550 kghayear of weight freshAnahid [20] reported 49 species of wild edible mushroomsin the fir forest of La Malinche volcano with a production of2734 kghayear

Garibay-Orijel et al [14] recorded 81 species of wildedible mushrooms in the pine-oak forest of Ixtlan deJuarez Oaxaca The production was of 5901 kg105600m2or 558 kgha2 years Availability is very heterogeneous indense areas within the same forest Species composition isvery different abundance and production are contrastingThis was not the case with La Malinche where the speciescomposition in both slopes compared was very similar andthe availability of species shows two patterns few availablespecies in Southeast slope and greater availability of manyspecies in Southwest slope Both in Ixtlan and in LaMalincheL trichodermofora is one of the most abundant speciesGaribay-Orijel et al [14] suggest that the utilization of thespecies must be done using different strategies taking intoaccount their availability

It is necessary to remark the importance of designingan ecological method more adequate to sample mushroomspecies Because of the way that data were obtained with inthis study the real values in all parameters are underesti-mated It is possible to say the above if comparisons aremadebetween the amounts of mushrooms which collectors obtainduring their travels Montoya et al [21] reported 2196 Kgof A basii in one rainy season and Pacheco-Cobos [22]showed a value of 2494 fruit bodies of T floccosus and 2066of C gibba on 55 fungi search paths with persons from SanIsidro Buensuceso This means that there are considerabledifferences between those species for the values found in thisstudy

On the other hand climatic conditions are one of the keyfactors for fructification [23] and the climatic informationof La Malinche volcano suggests several differences betweenthe two slopes This is important because rain is one of themost important factors that could affect the soil humiditynutriment availability and temperature However rains havean irregular distribution in the studied area Comparingthe rain regime with the annual average precipitation it isobserved that San Pablo del Monte (in Southwest slope) isthe area with more rains with annual values of 9427mmValues in the municipality of Zitlaltepec located in the Eastpart are of 800mm of annual rains These differences affectthe availability of plants and other organisms as mushroomsAnother important weather element is temperature becausedepending on its values it could affect the assimilation ofseveral nutrients minerals and water The lowest temper-ature in Zitlaltepec is 0∘C during the coldest months andthe maximum temperature is from 20 to 28∘C San Pablodel Monte is the warmest area with maximum temperaturesfrom 22 to 28∘C throughout the year and its coldest temper-ature is never under 5∘C Frosts affect negatively the fruitingof mushrooms this was observed in this study during threeyears of collection In La Malinche the highest incidenceof frosts is registered from November to February with anincidence of 60 to 80 days per year [24] In addition thecharacteristics of climatic variables in the study area explainthe differences found in the two sampled areas Information

about temperature is important because it affects the levelof humidity retention in the soil throughout time with abeneficial effect in the fruiting of some mushroom speciesApparently mushroom collection did not affect abundanceproduction and frequency of mushrooms even though therewere more frequent visits from mushroom collectors in theSoutheast slope than in the Southwest region nevertheless itwould be convenient to test their actual effect in experimen-tal plots in the park

5 Conclusions

The results show differences between the two La Malincheslopes regarding production abundance richness and diver-sity of edible species of mushrooms Southeast slope pre-sented in all variables measured higher values than South-west slope However the availability of mushroom speciesin space and time is more homogeneous in the Southwestslope where it is possible to find more species and betterdistribution during the rainy season There are few speciesthat dominate the fruit body production in the Southeastslope We believe that the management of forests by peopleof different origins (indigenous in the West and mestizo inthe East) and the level of commercialization of mushroomspecies that are important in each slope as well as the typeof forests with their microenvironments are determinants ofthose differences

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interestsregarding the publication of this paper

Acknowledgments

Thanks are due to Trinidad Romero from Javier Mina whokindly collected mushrooms in the forest with the authorsThe authors are also grateful to Jose Jimenez-Lopez forassisting them with weather information and to Andrea VeraReyes for the support at soilrsquos Laboratory in Centro de Inves-tigaciones en Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Autonoma deTlaxcala (CICB UAT) The authors are grateful to HectorLuna for his assistance during field trips Special thanks aredue to the staff of Mycorrhiza Laboratory in the CICB UATThis research was supported by CONACyT (Reference no980022) and PROMEP (code PPROMEP UATLAX-2000-07) Thanks are due to Coordinacion General de EcologıaTlaxcala for the permissions to enter the Park

References

[1] A Espejel-Rodrıguez N Santacruz-Garcıa and I Castillo-Ramos ldquoApropiacion deterioro y conservacion de los bosquesde la Malinche una vision retrospectivardquo in MatlalcueYetlVisiones Populares Sobre Cultura Ambiente y Desarrollo P Cas-tro Tucker and T M El Colegio de Tlaxcala Eds pp 275ndash304CONACYT Mesoamerican Research Foundation TlaxcalaMexico 2009


[2] A Kong A Montoya and A Estrada-Torres ldquoHongos macro-scopicosrdquo in Biodiversidad Del Parque Nacional MalincheTlaxcala Mexico F J A Fenandez and J C Lopez-DomınguezEds pp 47ndash72 Coordinacion General de Ecologıa y Gobiernodel estado de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico 2005

[3] A Montoya A Kong A Estrada-Torres J Cifuentes and JCaballero ldquoUseful wild fungi of La Malinche National ParkMexicordquo Fungal Diversity vol 17 pp 115ndash143 2004

[4] C Netzahuatl-Munoz ldquoPolıtica de conservacion de los recursosdel Parque Nacional Malincherdquo in MatlalcueYetl Visiones Pop-ulares Sobre Cultura Ambiente y Desarrollo P Castro Tuckerand T M El Colegio de Tlaxcala Eds vol 2 pp 253ndash274CONACYT Mesoamerican Research Foundation TlaxcalaMexico 2009

[5] A Montoya E A Torres-Garcıa A Kong A Estrada-Torresand J Caballero ldquoGender differences and regionalization of thecultural significance of wild mushrooms around La MalincheVolcano Tlaxcala MexicordquoMycologia vol 104 no 4 pp 826ndash834 2012

[6] E Hunn ldquoThe utilitarian factor in folk biological classificationrdquoAmerican Anthropologist vol 84 no 4 pp 830ndash847 1985

[7] A Montoya O Hernandez-Totomoch A Estrada-Torres AKong and J Caballero ldquoTraditional knowledge about mush-rooms in a Nahua community in the state of Tlaxcala MexicordquoMycologia vol 95 no 5 pp 793ndash806 2003

[8] L Hernandez-Dıaz Evaluacion de la productividad de los hon-gos comestibles silvestres en el Volcan LaMalintzi estado de Tlax-cala [PhD thesis] Departamento de Agrobiologıa UniversidadAutonoma de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico 1998

[9] Instituto Nacional de Estadıstica Geografıa e Informatica Sın-tesis Geografica de Tlaxcala Mexico D F Instituto Nacional deEstadıstica Geografıa e Informatica Anexo Cartografico delEstado de Tlaxcala Tlaxcala Mexico 1986

[10] A Y Rossman R E Tulloss T E Orsquodell and R G Thorn Pro-tocols for an All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory of Fungi in a CostaRican Conservation Area Parkway Boone NC USA 1998

[11] G Guzman Los Nombres de los Hongos y lo Relacionado conEllos en America Latina Instituto de Ecologıa AC XalapaMexico 1997

[12] E Boa Wild Edible Fungi A Global Overview of Their Use andImportance to People FAO Rome Italy 2004

[13] Stat-Soft Statistica 10 Para Windows Stat-Soft Tulsa OklaUSA 2010

[14] R Garibay-Orijel M Martınez-Ramos and J CifuentesldquoDisponibilidad de esporomas de hongos comestibles en losbosques de pino-encino de Ixtlan de Juarez Oaxacardquo RevistaMexicana De Biodiversidad vol 80 pp 521ndash534 2009

[15] J F Rohlf Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate AnalysisSystem Version 21 Applied Biostatistics New York NY USA2000

[16] Oslash Hammer D A T Harper and P D Ryan ldquoPast paleontolog-ical statistics software package for education and data analysisrdquoPalaeontologia Electronica vol 4 no 1 pp 19ndash20 2001

[17] M Moser Keys to Agarics and Boleti (Polyporales BoletalesAgricales Russulales) Roger Phillips London UK 1983

[18] G D Lincoff H Mitchel and I E Liberman Toxic and Hallu-cinogenic Mushroom Poisoning Van Nostrand Reinhold Com-pany New York NY USA 2001

[19] M C Zamora-Martınez and C Nieto de Pascual-Pola ldquoNaturalproduction of wild edible mushrooms in the southwester ruralterritory of Mexico City Mexicordquo Forest Ecology and Manage-ment vol 72 no 1 pp 13ndash20 1995

[20] T G E Anahid Estudio ecologico y frecuencia de mencion delos hongos silvestres en el Parque Nacional La Malinche Tlax-cala [PhD thesis] Facultad de Ciencias Universidad NacionalAutonoma de Mexico Mexico City Mexico 2009

[21] AMontoya N Hernandez CMapes A Kong andA Estrada-Torres ldquoThe collection and sale of wild mushrooms in a com-munity of TlaxcalaMexicordquo Economic Botany vol 62 no 3 pp413ndash424 2008

[22] L Pacheco-Cobos Analisis de las trayectorias de busqueda derecursos forestales el caso de la recoleccion de hongos en SanIsidro Buensuceso Tlaxcala [PhD thesis] Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Distrito FederalMexico 2010

[23] I Brunner F Brunner and G A Laursen ldquoCharacterizationand comparison of macrofungal communities in an Alnus ten-uifolia and an Alnus crispa forest in Alaskardquo Canadian Journalof Botany vol 70 no 6 pp 1247ndash1258 1992

[24] M Hernandez-Lopez and J Jimenez-Lopez ldquoEl clima de laMatlalcueye y el conocimiento tradicionalrdquo in MatlalcueYetlVisiones Populares Sobre Cultura Ambiente y Desarrollo C PTucker and T M El Colegio de Tlaxcala Eds pp 109ndash134CONACYT Mesoamerican Research Foundation TlaxcalaMexico 2009

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Anatomy Research International

PeptidesInternational Journal of


Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom

International Journal of

Volume 2014

Zoology


Molecular Biology International

GenomicsInternational Journal of


The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014


BioinformaticsAdvances in

Marine BiologyJournal of



Signal TransductionJournal of


BioMed Research International

Evolutionary BiologyInternational Journal of



Biochemistry Research International

ArchaeaHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014


Genetics Research International


Advances in

Virolog y

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Nucleic AcidsJournal of

Volume 2014

Stem CellsInternational



Enzyme Research



Microbiology


It has been proposed that the volcano is regionalizedinto two cultural areas based on the different valuations ofmushroom speciesThere are several differences in the uses ofthe forest In Javier Mina a community located on Southeastslope of the volcano 735of the total population collects andsells mushrooms every year [4 5] In the Southwest slopein San Isidro Buensuceso 21 from a total of 220 personssell wild mushrooms [4 5] Available information showsthat mushrooms are used and granted value by people fromboth slopes however the use and importance of particularspecies are different in both sidesNevertheless there is scarceinformation about ecology parameters such as the fruit bodyproduction [8] and their relation with mushroom traditionaluse The aim of this paper is to compare wild edible mush-room availability in the two slopes of ldquoLa Malincherdquo volcanoand to assess the possible relation between availability andtraditional use

2 Materials and Methods

21 Study Area La Malinche National Park is locatedbetween northern latitudes 97∘ 551015840 and 98∘ 081015840 and betweenwestern longitudes 19∘ 201015840 and 19∘ 081015840 The local climateis temperate subhumid with a rainy season in the summer[C(w2)(w)] the pressuretemperature ratio is 419 and there is

little annual variation in average monthly temperatures withfluctuations between 5∘ and 7∘The annual mean temperatureis 153∘C May is the hottest month (mean temperature =177∘C) and January is the coldest (mean temperature = 11∘C)Over 4000m weather tends to be very cold type E (T) Hwith temperatures under 0∘C in the coldest month [9]

There are threemain vegetation kinds a forest dominatedby P hartwegii in higher altitudes a forest dominated byPinusmontezumae andP teocotemixedwithAlnus jorullensisQuercus laurina and Q crassifolia in lower altitudes andan Abies religiosa forest sometimes mixed with individualsof P montezumae P hartwegii Salix cana S paradoxa andJuniperus monticola in some gullies

22 Sampling Eight sample units (SUs) were established forthis study (Table 1) Four SUs (1ndash4) were placed in Southeastslope (4ndash7 km west of Francisco Javier Mina) and the otherfour (5ndash8) in the Southwest slope (6-7 km north of San IsidroBuensuceso) (Figure 1) SUs were placed in locations usuallyvisited by mushroom collectors This had the purpose toreproduce not the natural production ofmushrooms but theirreal availability since there is a strong competition amongmushroom collectors To reduce the impact of mushroomcollection in our data transects were always visited as earlyas possible

The SUs were sampled at one week intervals during therainy seasons (July to October) Both areas were visited dur-ing three years from 1998 to 2000 SUs 1ndash4 (Southeast slope)were visited 40 times and SUs 5ndash8 (Southwest slope) werevisited 37 times At each visit all fruit bodies were countedpicked up and weighed to avoid double counting at the nextvisit At least one sample of each species was taken to the lab-oratory processed as a voucher specimen for identificationand deposited at TLXM herbarium

Each SU was composed of two parallel transects of 250meach Both transects were separated by a 50m distanceTransects were permanently marked every 5m using stickssurrounded by black pieces of plastic on one side We had atotal of 100 sampling plots on each SU Each plot had a radio of113m and a total area of 4011m2 [10]The total area sampledeach year was of 3200m2

Edibility of each species was determined through localinformation literature from the area [3] literature fromMex-ico [11] and literature from other parts of the world [12] Thecomplete list of the material reviewed was published previ-ously by Montoya et al [3]

23 Data Analysis Species richness was determined by thenumber of species registered in each SU Abundance of fruitbodies was defined as the number of fruit bodies of eachspecies in each SU during the three-year period Productionwas calculated as the total fresh weight of each speciesBiomass was calculated by measuring the dry weight of eachspecies (fruit bodies were dehydrated at least 24 h at 105∘C)Spatiotemporal frequency was calculated as the sum of thenumber of sampling plots where a species was found in eachsampling date Spatial frequency is the number of differentplots in which a species was found during the three-yearperiod in each SU Spatial frequency was categorized inexponential classes very infrequent (1ndash3) infrequent (4ndash9)frequent (10ndash21) very frequent (22ndash45) and extremely fre-quent (46ndash100) We looked for statistical differences in fruitbody abundance and fruit body production between the twoslopes For this purpose either the total number of fruit bod-ies or the total fresh weight in each SU (8) was considered asindependent observations while the data in each SU alongthe years (3) were considered as repeated measures havingtwelve observations per slope Means were compared by abifactorial ANOVA formixed designs in STATISTICA10 [13]Availability of each species was determined by means of itsecological importance value which equals the sum of its rel-ative abundance relative spatiotemporal frequency and rela-tive production [14]

Similarity between the SUs according to their speciescomposition was computed using the species spatiotemporalfrequency A distance matrix was built where rows corre-sponded to the species and columns to the eight SUs Thecorrelation index (Pearson product moment) was computedand SUs were clustered with the UPGMA method then thecophenetic value was computed An ordination of the eightOTUs (=SUs) in a multidimensional space of characters wasmade by means of a Principal Component Analysis (PCA)Analyses were done in NTSYS-pc [15] The diversity wascalculated by using the Shannon-Wiener index Since it is notpossible to know the number of individuals fruit bodies werecounted and instead of using abundance rates spatiotempo-ral frequency was used These analyses were done in the pastsoftware version 216 [16]

3 Results

31 Species Richness During the three sampling years 61 edi-ble mushroom species were found (Table 2) 48 species in














Mina


3263 (p1)3189 (p50)3260 (p51)3189 (p100)

19∘121015840171015840101584019∘121015840121015840101584019∘121015840111015840101584019∘1210158400710158401015840

97∘591015840401015840101584097∘591015840251015840101584097∘591015840411015840101584097∘5910158402610158401015840


Mina


2900 (p1)2868 (p50)2898 (p51)2868 (p100)

19∘121015840091015840101584019∘121015840081015840101584019∘121015840141015840101584019∘1210158401310158401015840

97∘571015840471015840101584097∘571015840311015840101584097∘571015840481015840101584097∘5710158403310158401015840


Mina


3146 (p1)3104 (p50)3139 (p51)3097 (p100)

19∘121015840051015840101584019∘111015840591015840101584019∘121015840001015840101584019∘1110158405410158401015840

97∘591015840151015840101584097∘591015840031015840101584097∘591015840161015840101584097∘5910158400410158401015840


Mina


2996 (p1)2951 (p50)2989 (p51)2954 (p100)

19∘121015840001015840101584019∘111015840581015840101584019∘111015840551015840101584019∘1110158405210158401015840

97∘581015840281015840101584097∘581015840131015840101584097∘581015840291015840101584097∘5810158401510158401015840

SU5145 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco


3600 (p1)3660 (p50)3390 (p51)3540 (p100)

19∘131015840491015840101584019∘131015840571015840101584019∘131015840551015840101584019∘1310158405210158401015840

98∘031015840281015840101584098∘031015840351015840101584098∘031015840361015840101584098∘0310158402510158401015840

SU6115 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco


3111 (p1)3134 (p50)3116 (p51)3154 (p100)

19∘131015840581015840101584019∘141015840021015840101584019∘131015840561015840101584019∘1410158400110158401015840

98∘051015840051015840101584098∘041015840571015840101584098∘051015840061015840101584098∘0410158405610158401015840

SU712 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco


3150 (p1)3330 (p 50)3240 (p51)3330 (p100)

19∘131015840501015840101584019∘131015840501015840101584019∘131015840511015840101584019∘1310158404910158401015840

98∘041015840001015840101584098∘041015840081015840101584098∘041015840071015840101584098∘0310158405810158401015840

SU813 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco


3315 (p1)3269 (p50)3316 (p51)3270 (p100)

19∘131015840541015840101584019∘131015840551015840101584019∘131015840511015840101584019∘1310158405110158401015840

98∘041015840021015840101584098∘041015840131015840101584098∘041015840011015840101584098∘0410158401410158401015840




(118)=



(218)= 1034 119875 = 0375)



(118)= 0417 119875 = 0526) nor


Table2Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Agaric

aceae

Agaricu

saugustusF

rS0

10

000

073

018

0000134

01

0000

080

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m(Scop)F

ayod

S15

14000549

001020

517

43

000321

000

032

358

038

000225

000225

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

PersS

518

000183

001311

398

1414

5000

025

001052

064

1425

000

040

001137

Amanita

ceae

Amanita

affvaginata(Bull)

LamM

20

000

073

097

0000

060

013

30

000

084

0Am

anita

basii

Guzman

andRa

m-G

uill

M4

0000146

0289

0001795

02259

0001422

0Am

anita

franchetii

(Bou

d)F

ayod

M50

2001831

000146

8299

1052

005155

000783

6599

847

004153

000

676

Amanita

fulva

FrM

02

0000146

0194

0000144

0174

0000139

Amanita

rubescensP

ersM

434

001574

000291

8182

112

005083

000833

5811

1062

003657

000847

Auric

ulariaceae

Auric

ulariaauric

ula-judae(Bu

ll)Q

uelP

25

000

073

000364

06

5637119864minus05

000

042

0039

03924119864minus05

000

031

Boletaceae

Boletus

lurid

usSchaeff

M

02

0000146

0764

0000568

010

30

000

082

Boletus

pinophilu

sPilatand

Dermek

M5

2000183

000146

9205

2437

005718

001813

8495

2453

005346

001957

Cantharellaceae

Cantharellu

scibariusF

rM0

20

000146

0254

0000189

0234

0000187

Clavariadelphaceae

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

Don

kM10

0000366

0333

0000207

0412

0000259

0Clavulinaceae

Clavulinacin

erea

(Bull)

JSchrotM

01

0000

073

054

0000

040

0093

0000

074


01

0000

073

087

0000

065

013

70

000110

Cortin

ariaceae


(Schaeff)F

rM1

15000

037

001092

605

41283

000376

003071

371

3202

000233

000233

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

(Pers)

QuelM

316

36011571

002622

75805

8695

004709

000

647

9357

943

005888

005888

Disc

inaceae


uelS

137

000

037

002695

112

1604

000

070

001193

121648

000

075

000

076

Entolomataceae

Entolomacly

peatum

(L)PKu

mmM

7212

002636

000873

7332

1308

004554

000

973

4872

1169

00306

600306

6Gom

phaceae

Ramariasp1

M1

0000

037

05299

0000329

0393

0000247

0Ra

mariasp2

M1

0000

037

03368

0002092

02561

0001612

0Ra

mariasp3

M2

0000

073

01079

0000

670

01228

0000773

0Tu

rbinellus

floccosus

(Schwein)E

arleex

Giachiniand

Caste

llano

M0

99

000

655

0395

0002938

03241

00

Gom

phidiaceae

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis(M

urrill)

OK

MillM

62

000220

000146

263

94000163

000

070

339

072

000213

000

057


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Helv

ellaceae

Helv

ellaacetabulum

(L)QuelM

020

0001457

01214

40

000

903

01547

00

Helv

ellacrisp

a(Scop)F

rM39

80001428

005827

213

4724

001323

003514

3343

6854

002104

002104

Helv

ellaela

stica

Bull

M3

12000110

000874

55

306

000

034

000228

132

198

000

083

000

083

Helv

ellalacunosa

Afzel

M49

122

001794

008886

2118

7304

001316

005433

3898

1003

002453

002453

Hydnang

iaceae

Laccariaam

ethystina

Coo

keM

150

000549

076

0000

047

010

20

000

064

0La


GM

Muell

M1678

225

06144

3016387

321512

77305

019972

005750

3677

36557

023142

005230

Hygroph

oraceae

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s(Fr)FrM

04

0000291

0159

0000118

017

20

0Hygrophorus

chrysodon(Batsch)

FrM

1350

000

476

00364

244

98631

000279

000

642

314

776

000198

000198

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

(Alband

Schw

ein)F

rM7

1000256

000

073

2167

186

001346

000138

1537

051

000

967

000

967

Hygroph

orop

sidaceae

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

(Wulfen)

Maire

S0

20

000146

051

0000

038

0046

00

Lyop

hyllaceae

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s(Fr)Singer

S46

12001684

000874

3553

712

002207

000530

262

659

001649

000526

Lyophyllu

msp1

S1

0000

037

01385

0000860

0632

0000398

0Morchellaceae

Morchellaela

taFrS

Mlowast

6151

000220

010998

3346

86

000205

003486

295

6859

000186

005471

Morchellaesculen

ta(L)Perslowast

110

000

037

000728

165

557

000102

000

414

23

3000145

000239

Omph

alotaceae

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s(Bu

ll)M

urrillS

1642

000586

003059

3915

1522

000243

001132

375

878

000236

000236

Pezizaceae

Sarcosphaera

coronaria

(Jacq)JSchrotM

0104

0007575

028342

0021081

02198

0017532

Pluteaceae

Pluteuscervinu

s(Schaeff)PKu

mmS

28

000

073

000583

329

931

000204

000

693

152

103

000

096

000822

Pyronemataceae

Geopora

spM

01

0000

073

0183

0000136

0324

00

Physalacria

ceae

Armillariaaffm

ellea

(Vahl)PKu

mmP

440

001611

034203

0002124

0281

0001768

0Rh

izop

ogon

aceae

Rhizopogon

spM

312

001135

000146

481

173

000299

000129

914

309

000575

000246


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Russulaceae

Lactariusd

elicio

sus(L)G

rayM

158

000549

000583

2246

2293

001395

001706

1866

1618

001174

001290

Lactariussalmonico

lorR

Heim

and

Lecla

irM

2113

000769

000

947

35453

18332

002202

001364

297

2119

001869

001690

Russu

laacrifoliaRo

magn

M21

18000769

001312

61395

1677

003814

012474

5865

1474

9003691

0117

64Ru

ssulaalbonigra(K

rombh

)FrM

20

000

073

01447

0000899

0852

0000536

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

naSing

erM

197

000

696

000510

2149

1368

001335

001018

1605

1086

001010

000866

Russu

labrevipesPeck

M19

19000

696

001384

12495

1222

007762

009090

12838

1318

6008079

010518

Russu

laintegra(L)FrM

160

000586

04529

0002813

044

740

002816

0Ru

ssulaolivacea

(Schaeff)F

rM1

0000

037

0572

0000355

0528

0000332

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a(Schaeff)F

rM5

5000183

000364

1621

1058

001007

000787

2013

1134

001267

000

905

Stroph

ariaceae

Pholiota

lenta

S5

16000183

001165

275

1089

000171

000810

222

849

000140

000

677

Strophariacoronilla

(Bullex

DC)Q

uelS

014

0001020

0625

0000

465

0401

0000320

Suillaceae

Suillus

pseudobrevipesAH

Smand

Thiers

M70

52002563

003787

7028

69055

004366

005136

5533

4906

003482

003913

Tricho

lomataceae

Clito

cybe

gibba(Pers)

PKu

mmS

21152

000769

011071

964

5651

000598

004

203

963

4962

000

606

003958

Clito

cybe

odora(Bull)

PKu

mmS

14

000

037

000291

102

212

000

063

000158

009

06856119864minus05

000

054

Lepista

ovisp

ora(J

ELange)GuldenS

161

000586

000

073

17843

174

011084

000129

2104

311

013241

000248

Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

(Pers)

Murrill

Kuhn

erandMaire

S11

45000

403

003277

337

4225

000209

003143

314

3769

000198

00300

6

Trich

olom

aequestre(L)PK

ummM

18

000

037

000583

49

762

000

030

000567

309

663

000194

000529

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslopeSsaprobicMm

ycorrhizalP

parasitic




(218)= 119 119875 = 0325)













Table3Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relatives

patia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Agaricu

saugustus

01

000

425

000257

01

0000169

0000

633

Amanita

affvaginata

20

000849

04

0000

442

000100

00

Amanita

basii

40

004

246

031

2003425

000339

006216

000339

Amanita

franchetii

202

0000514

02

0000339

0112

32001781

Amanita

fulva

01

00360

9000257

202

002219

000339

002211

000886

Amanita

rubescens

171

001274

000257

20

000221

0010487

001381

Armillariasp1

60

000212

010

0001105

0006115

0Au

riculariaauric

ula

12

0000514

13

000110

000508

000

400

001428

Boletus

lurid

us0

2000849

000514

02

0000339

0001567

Boletus

pinophilu

s4

2000849

000514

52

000552

000339

007303

002811

Cantharellu

scibarius

42

000

425

000514

02

0000339

000849

001188

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis

22

000

425

000514

40

000

4412

0001250

000730

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

20

00

11

000110

000169

001108

000169

Clavulinacin

erea

01

0000257

11

000110

000169

000110

000540


01

002123

000257

1342

001436

007119

001436

007513

Clito

cybe

gibba

1023

000212

005913

12

000110

000339

003601

021526

Clito

cybe

odora

11

000

424

000257

17

000110

001186

000

423

001893


15

000212

001285

113

001215

000508

001840

005957

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m6

2001274

000514

32

000331

000339

002476

001905

Entolomacly

peatum

252

005308

000514

325

003536

000847

016035

003209

Geopora

sp

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

636

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s3

9000

637

002314

512

000552

002033

002018

008539

Gyromitrainfula

19

000212

002314

117

000110

002881

000

429

009083

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

5715

012102

003856

9921

010939

003559

039321

010684

Helv

ellaacetabulum

09

0002314

012

0002034

0006707

Helv

ellacrisp

a18

33003822

008483

2550

002762

008475

009335

026298

Helv

ellaela

stica

17

000212

001799

38

000331

001356

000

688

004

257

Helv

ellalacunosa

1747

00360

9012082

2562

002762

010508

009482

036909

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

610

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s0

10

000257

821

000884

003559

000884

004

226

Hygrophorus

chrysodon

810

001699

002571

02

0000339

002453

007193

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

21

000212

001285

52

000552

000339

002580

000807

Laccariaam

ethystina

20

000

425

000257

30

000331

0001353

0La


109

33000

425

0380

70041989

011864

146546

042485

Lactariusd

elicio

sus

73

023142

008483

115

001215

000847

004

646

003907

Lactariussalmonico

lor

108

001486

000771

1212

001326

002034

006

420

006

401

Lepista

ovisp

ora

91

004

671

001542

151

001657

000169

015238

000

629


Table3Con

tinued

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relativ

espatia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

47

002123

002057

411

000

442

001864

001499

006

027

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s22

6000849

001799

297

003204

001186

0117

67004132

Lyophyllu

msp1

10

001911

000257

10

000197

0001220

0Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

728

000212

08

34000884

005763

002982

019381

Morchellaela

ta3

17001492

007198

323

000331

003898

001393

022752

Morchellaesculen

ta1

5000

637

004370

16

000110

001017

000

462

00344

4Ph

oliota

lenta

59

000212

001285

511

000552

001864

001968

006153

Pluteuscervinu

s2

6001062

002314

27

000221

001186

000

923

004

004

Ramariasp1

10

000

425

001542

10

000110

0000

689

0Ra

mariasp2

10

000212

01

0000110

0002452

0Ra

mariasp3

10

000212

01

0000110

0001067

0Rh

izopogon

sp

72

001486

000514

62

000

663

000339

003583

001127

Russu

laacrifolia

138

002760085

002057

1911

002099

001864

00944

2017706

Russu

laalbonigra

10

000212

01

0000110

0001295

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

na8

5001699

001285

106

001105

001017

004

834

003830

Russu

labrevipes

613

001274

003342

2317

002541

002881

012273

016697

Russu

laintegra

120

002548

015

0001657

000760

40

Russu

laolivacea

10

000212

01

0000110

0000715

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a3

2000

637

000514

52

000552

000339

002379

00200

4Sarcosphaera

coronaria

018

0004

627

031

0005254

0038538

Strophariacoronilla

03

0000771

07

0001186

000344

2Suillus

pseudobrevipes

2212

004

671

003085

3626

003978

004

407

015578

016415

Turbinellus

floccosus

04

0001028

05

0000847

0005469

Trich

olom

aequestre

16

000212

001542

18

000110

001356

000390

004

048

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslope


0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

045La

ccar

ia tr

ichod

erm

opho

raSa

rcos

phae

ra co

rona

riaH

elvell

a la

cuno

saH

elvell

a cr

ispa

Mor

chell

a ela

taCl

itocy

be gi

bba

Mela

noleu

ca m

elaleu

caRu

ssula

acr

ifolia

Russu

la b

revi

pes

Suill

us p

seud

obre

vipe

sH

ebelo

ma

mes

opha

eum

Gyro

mitr

a in

fula

Gym

nopu

s dry

ophi

lus

Clav

ulin

a co

rallo

ides

Hyg

roph

orus

chry

sodo

nH

elvell

a ac

etab

ulum

Lact

ariu

s sal

mon

icolo

rPh

olio

ta le

nta

Lyco

perd

on p

erla

tum

Cort

inar

ius g

lauc

opus

Turb

inell

us fl

occo

sus

Helv

ella

elasti

caH

ygro

phor

us h

ypot

heju

sLy

ophy

llum

dec

aste

sTr

ichol

oma

eque

stre

Plut

eus c

ervi

nus

Lacta

rius d

elicio

sus

Russu

la a

mer

icana

Mor

chell

a es

culen

taSt

roph

aria

coro

nilla

Ento

lom

a cly

peat

umBo

letus

pin

ophi

lus

Russu

la x

eram

pelin

aCy

stode

rma

amia

nthi

num

Clito

cybe

odo

raAm

anita

fran

chet

iiBo

letus

lurid

usAu

ricul

aria

aur

icula

-juda

eAm

anita

rube

scen

sCa

ntha

rellu

s cib

ariu

sRh

izop

ogon

sp

RFW-SWRSF-SW

RSTF-SWRAB-SW






119901) showed









0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

RFW-SERSF-SE

RSTF-SERAB-SE

Lacc

aria

trich

oder

mop

hora

Sarc

osph

aera

coro

naria

Helv

ella

lacu

nosa

Helv

ella

crisp

aM

orch

ella

elata

Clito

cybe

gibb

aM

elano

leuca

mela

leuca

Russu

la a

crifo

liaRu

ssula

bre

vipe

sSu

illus

pse

udob

revi

pes

Heb

elom

a m

esop

haeu

mGy

rom

itra

infu

laGy

mno

pus d

ryop

hilu

sCl

avul

ina

cora

lloid

esH

ygro

phor

us ch

ryso

don

Helv

ella

acet

abul

umLa

ctar

ius s

alm

onico

lor

Phol

iota

lent

aLy

cope

rdon

per

latu

mCo

rtin

ariu

s gla

ucop

usTu

rbin

ellus

floc

cosu

sH

elvell

a ela

stica

Hyg

roph

orus

hyp

othe

jus

Lyop

hyllu

m d

ecas

tes

Trich

olom

a eq

uestr

ePl

uteu

s cer

vinu

sLa

ctariu

s deli

ciosu

sRu

ssula

am

erica

naM

orch

ella

escu

lenta

Stro

phar

ia co

roni

llaEn

tolo

ma

clype

atum

Bolet

us p

inop

hilu

sRu

ssula

xer

ampe

lina

Cysto

derm

a am

iant

hinu

mCl

itocy

be o

dora

Aman

ita fr

anch

etii

Bolet

us lu

ridus

Auric

ular

ia a

uricu

la-ju

dae

Aman

ita ru

besc

ens

Cant

hare

llus c

ibar

ius

Rhiz

opog

on sp



SU1SU6

SU2

SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7

SU8


r = 0923



4 Discussion




PC1

PC2

000

200

400

minus200

minus400


SU1

SU6

SU2SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7 SU8











5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology














Mina


3263 (p1)3189 (p50)3260 (p51)3189 (p100)

19∘121015840171015840101584019∘121015840121015840101584019∘121015840111015840101584019∘1210158400710158401015840

97∘591015840401015840101584097∘591015840251015840101584097∘591015840411015840101584097∘5910158402610158401015840


Mina


2900 (p1)2868 (p50)2898 (p51)2868 (p100)

19∘121015840091015840101584019∘121015840081015840101584019∘121015840141015840101584019∘1210158401310158401015840

97∘571015840471015840101584097∘571015840311015840101584097∘571015840481015840101584097∘5710158403310158401015840


Mina


3146 (p1)3104 (p50)3139 (p51)3097 (p100)

19∘121015840051015840101584019∘111015840591015840101584019∘121015840001015840101584019∘1110158405410158401015840

97∘591015840151015840101584097∘591015840031015840101584097∘591015840161015840101584097∘5910158400410158401015840


Mina


2996 (p1)2951 (p50)2989 (p51)2954 (p100)

19∘121015840001015840101584019∘111015840581015840101584019∘111015840551015840101584019∘1110158405210158401015840

97∘581015840281015840101584097∘581015840131015840101584097∘581015840291015840101584097∘5810158401510158401015840

SU5145 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco


3600 (p1)3660 (p50)3390 (p51)3540 (p100)

19∘131015840491015840101584019∘131015840571015840101584019∘131015840551015840101584019∘1310158405210158401015840

98∘031015840281015840101584098∘031015840351015840101584098∘031015840361015840101584098∘0310158402510158401015840

SU6115 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco


3111 (p1)3134 (p50)3116 (p51)3154 (p100)

19∘131015840581015840101584019∘141015840021015840101584019∘131015840561015840101584019∘1410158400110158401015840

98∘051015840051015840101584098∘041015840571015840101584098∘051015840061015840101584098∘0410158405610158401015840

SU712 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco


3150 (p1)3330 (p 50)3240 (p51)3330 (p100)

19∘131015840501015840101584019∘131015840501015840101584019∘131015840511015840101584019∘1310158404910158401015840

98∘041015840001015840101584098∘041015840081015840101584098∘041015840071015840101584098∘0310158405810158401015840

SU813 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco


3315 (p1)3269 (p50)3316 (p51)3270 (p100)

19∘131015840541015840101584019∘131015840551015840101584019∘131015840511015840101584019∘1310158405110158401015840

98∘041015840021015840101584098∘041015840131015840101584098∘041015840011015840101584098∘0410158401410158401015840




(118)=



(218)= 1034 119875 = 0375)



(118)= 0417 119875 = 0526) nor


Table2Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Agaric

aceae

Agaricu

saugustusF

rS0

10

000

073

018

0000134

01

0000

080

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m(Scop)F

ayod

S15

14000549

001020

517

43

000321

000

032

358

038

000225

000225

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

PersS

518

000183

001311

398

1414

5000

025

001052

064

1425

000

040

001137

Amanita

ceae

Amanita

affvaginata(Bull)

LamM

20

000

073

097

0000

060

013

30

000

084

0Am

anita

basii

Guzman

andRa

m-G

uill

M4

0000146

0289

0001795

02259

0001422

0Am

anita

franchetii

(Bou

d)F

ayod

M50

2001831

000146

8299

1052

005155

000783

6599

847

004153

000

676

Amanita

fulva

FrM

02

0000146

0194

0000144

0174

0000139

Amanita

rubescensP

ersM

434

001574

000291

8182

112

005083

000833

5811

1062

003657

000847

Auric

ulariaceae

Auric

ulariaauric

ula-judae(Bu

ll)Q

uelP

25

000

073

000364

06

5637119864minus05

000

042

0039

03924119864minus05

000

031

Boletaceae

Boletus

lurid

usSchaeff

M

02

0000146

0764

0000568

010

30

000

082

Boletus

pinophilu

sPilatand

Dermek

M5

2000183

000146

9205

2437

005718

001813

8495

2453

005346

001957

Cantharellaceae

Cantharellu

scibariusF

rM0

20

000146

0254

0000189

0234

0000187

Clavariadelphaceae

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

Don

kM10

0000366

0333

0000207

0412

0000259

0Clavulinaceae

Clavulinacin

erea

(Bull)

JSchrotM

01

0000

073

054

0000

040

0093

0000

074


01

0000

073

087

0000

065

013

70

000110

Cortin

ariaceae


(Schaeff)F

rM1

15000

037

001092

605

41283

000376

003071

371

3202

000233

000233

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

(Pers)

QuelM

316

36011571

002622

75805

8695

004709

000

647

9357

943

005888

005888

Disc

inaceae


uelS

137

000

037

002695

112

1604

000

070

001193

121648

000

075

000

076

Entolomataceae

Entolomacly

peatum

(L)PKu

mmM

7212

002636

000873

7332

1308

004554

000

973

4872

1169

00306

600306

6Gom

phaceae

Ramariasp1

M1

0000

037

05299

0000329

0393

0000247

0Ra

mariasp2

M1

0000

037

03368

0002092

02561

0001612

0Ra

mariasp3

M2

0000

073

01079

0000

670

01228

0000773

0Tu

rbinellus

floccosus

(Schwein)E

arleex

Giachiniand

Caste

llano

M0

99

000

655

0395

0002938

03241

00

Gom

phidiaceae

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis(M

urrill)

OK

MillM

62

000220

000146

263

94000163

000

070

339

072

000213

000

057


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Helv

ellaceae

Helv

ellaacetabulum

(L)QuelM

020

0001457

01214

40

000

903

01547

00

Helv

ellacrisp

a(Scop)F

rM39

80001428

005827

213

4724

001323

003514

3343

6854

002104

002104

Helv

ellaela

stica

Bull

M3

12000110

000874

55

306

000

034

000228

132

198

000

083

000

083

Helv

ellalacunosa

Afzel

M49

122

001794

008886

2118

7304

001316

005433

3898

1003

002453

002453

Hydnang

iaceae

Laccariaam

ethystina

Coo

keM

150

000549

076

0000

047

010

20

000

064

0La


GM

Muell

M1678

225

06144

3016387

321512

77305

019972

005750

3677

36557

023142

005230

Hygroph

oraceae

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s(Fr)FrM

04

0000291

0159

0000118

017

20

0Hygrophorus

chrysodon(Batsch)

FrM

1350

000

476

00364

244

98631

000279

000

642

314

776

000198

000198

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

(Alband

Schw

ein)F

rM7

1000256

000

073

2167

186

001346

000138

1537

051

000

967

000

967

Hygroph

orop

sidaceae

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

(Wulfen)

Maire

S0

20

000146

051

0000

038

0046

00

Lyop

hyllaceae

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s(Fr)Singer

S46

12001684

000874

3553

712

002207

000530

262

659

001649

000526

Lyophyllu

msp1

S1

0000

037

01385

0000860

0632

0000398

0Morchellaceae

Morchellaela

taFrS

Mlowast

6151

000220

010998

3346

86

000205

003486

295

6859

000186

005471

Morchellaesculen

ta(L)Perslowast

110

000

037

000728

165

557

000102

000

414

23

3000145

000239

Omph

alotaceae

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s(Bu

ll)M

urrillS

1642

000586

003059

3915

1522

000243

001132

375

878

000236

000236

Pezizaceae

Sarcosphaera

coronaria

(Jacq)JSchrotM

0104

0007575

028342

0021081

02198

0017532

Pluteaceae

Pluteuscervinu

s(Schaeff)PKu

mmS

28

000

073

000583

329

931

000204

000

693

152

103

000

096

000822

Pyronemataceae

Geopora

spM

01

0000

073

0183

0000136

0324

00

Physalacria

ceae

Armillariaaffm

ellea

(Vahl)PKu

mmP

440

001611

034203

0002124

0281

0001768

0Rh

izop

ogon

aceae

Rhizopogon

spM

312

001135

000146

481

173

000299

000129

914

309

000575

000246


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Russulaceae

Lactariusd

elicio

sus(L)G

rayM

158

000549

000583

2246

2293

001395

001706

1866

1618

001174

001290

Lactariussalmonico

lorR

Heim

and

Lecla

irM

2113

000769

000

947

35453

18332

002202

001364

297

2119

001869

001690

Russu

laacrifoliaRo

magn

M21

18000769

001312

61395

1677

003814

012474

5865

1474

9003691

0117

64Ru

ssulaalbonigra(K

rombh

)FrM

20

000

073

01447

0000899

0852

0000536

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

naSing

erM

197

000

696

000510

2149

1368

001335

001018

1605

1086

001010

000866

Russu

labrevipesPeck

M19

19000

696

001384

12495

1222

007762

009090

12838

1318

6008079

010518

Russu

laintegra(L)FrM

160

000586

04529

0002813

044

740

002816

0Ru

ssulaolivacea

(Schaeff)F

rM1

0000

037

0572

0000355

0528

0000332

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a(Schaeff)F

rM5

5000183

000364

1621

1058

001007

000787

2013

1134

001267

000

905

Stroph

ariaceae

Pholiota

lenta

S5

16000183

001165

275

1089

000171

000810

222

849

000140

000

677

Strophariacoronilla

(Bullex

DC)Q

uelS

014

0001020

0625

0000

465

0401

0000320

Suillaceae

Suillus

pseudobrevipesAH

Smand

Thiers

M70

52002563

003787

7028

69055

004366

005136

5533

4906

003482

003913

Tricho

lomataceae

Clito

cybe

gibba(Pers)

PKu

mmS

21152

000769

011071

964

5651

000598

004

203

963

4962

000

606

003958

Clito

cybe

odora(Bull)

PKu

mmS

14

000

037

000291

102

212

000

063

000158

009

06856119864minus05

000

054

Lepista

ovisp

ora(J

ELange)GuldenS

161

000586

000

073

17843

174

011084

000129

2104

311

013241

000248

Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

(Pers)

Murrill

Kuhn

erandMaire

S11

45000

403

003277

337

4225

000209

003143

314

3769

000198

00300

6

Trich

olom

aequestre(L)PK

ummM

18

000

037

000583

49

762

000

030

000567

309

663

000194

000529

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslopeSsaprobicMm

ycorrhizalP

parasitic




(218)= 119 119875 = 0325)













Table3Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relatives

patia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Agaricu

saugustus

01

000

425

000257

01

0000169

0000

633

Amanita

affvaginata

20

000849

04

0000

442

000100

00

Amanita

basii

40

004

246

031

2003425

000339

006216

000339

Amanita

franchetii

202

0000514

02

0000339

0112

32001781

Amanita

fulva

01

00360

9000257

202

002219

000339

002211

000886

Amanita

rubescens

171

001274

000257

20

000221

0010487

001381

Armillariasp1

60

000212

010

0001105

0006115

0Au

riculariaauric

ula

12

0000514

13

000110

000508

000

400

001428

Boletus

lurid

us0

2000849

000514

02

0000339

0001567

Boletus

pinophilu

s4

2000849

000514

52

000552

000339

007303

002811

Cantharellu

scibarius

42

000

425

000514

02

0000339

000849

001188

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis

22

000

425

000514

40

000

4412

0001250

000730

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

20

00

11

000110

000169

001108

000169

Clavulinacin

erea

01

0000257

11

000110

000169

000110

000540


01

002123

000257

1342

001436

007119

001436

007513

Clito

cybe

gibba

1023

000212

005913

12

000110

000339

003601

021526

Clito

cybe

odora

11

000

424

000257

17

000110

001186

000

423

001893


15

000212

001285

113

001215

000508

001840

005957

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m6

2001274

000514

32

000331

000339

002476

001905

Entolomacly

peatum

252

005308

000514

325

003536

000847

016035

003209

Geopora

sp

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

636

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s3

9000

637

002314

512

000552

002033

002018

008539

Gyromitrainfula

19

000212

002314

117

000110

002881

000

429

009083

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

5715

012102

003856

9921

010939

003559

039321

010684

Helv

ellaacetabulum

09

0002314

012

0002034

0006707

Helv

ellacrisp

a18

33003822

008483

2550

002762

008475

009335

026298

Helv

ellaela

stica

17

000212

001799

38

000331

001356

000

688

004

257

Helv

ellalacunosa

1747

00360

9012082

2562

002762

010508

009482

036909

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

610

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s0

10

000257

821

000884

003559

000884

004

226

Hygrophorus

chrysodon

810

001699

002571

02

0000339

002453

007193

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

21

000212

001285

52

000552

000339

002580

000807

Laccariaam

ethystina

20

000

425

000257

30

000331

0001353

0La


109

33000

425

0380

70041989

011864

146546

042485

Lactariusd

elicio

sus

73

023142

008483

115

001215

000847

004

646

003907

Lactariussalmonico

lor

108

001486

000771

1212

001326

002034

006

420

006

401

Lepista

ovisp

ora

91

004

671

001542

151

001657

000169

015238

000

629


Table3Con

tinued

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relativ

espatia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

47

002123

002057

411

000

442

001864

001499

006

027

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s22

6000849

001799

297

003204

001186

0117

67004132

Lyophyllu

msp1

10

001911

000257

10

000197

0001220

0Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

728

000212

08

34000884

005763

002982

019381

Morchellaela

ta3

17001492

007198

323

000331

003898

001393

022752

Morchellaesculen

ta1

5000

637

004370

16

000110

001017

000

462

00344

4Ph

oliota

lenta

59

000212

001285

511

000552

001864

001968

006153

Pluteuscervinu

s2

6001062

002314

27

000221

001186

000

923

004

004

Ramariasp1

10

000

425

001542

10

000110

0000

689

0Ra

mariasp2

10

000212

01

0000110

0002452

0Ra

mariasp3

10

000212

01

0000110

0001067

0Rh

izopogon

sp

72

001486

000514

62

000

663

000339

003583

001127

Russu

laacrifolia

138

002760085

002057

1911

002099

001864

00944

2017706

Russu

laalbonigra

10

000212

01

0000110

0001295

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

na8

5001699

001285

106

001105

001017

004

834

003830

Russu

labrevipes

613

001274

003342

2317

002541

002881

012273

016697

Russu

laintegra

120

002548

015

0001657

000760

40

Russu

laolivacea

10

000212

01

0000110

0000715

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a3

2000

637

000514

52

000552

000339

002379

00200

4Sarcosphaera

coronaria

018

0004

627

031

0005254

0038538

Strophariacoronilla

03

0000771

07

0001186

000344

2Suillus

pseudobrevipes

2212

004

671

003085

3626

003978

004

407

015578

016415

Turbinellus

floccosus

04

0001028

05

0000847

0005469

Trich

olom

aequestre

16

000212

001542

18

000110

001356

000390

004

048

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslope


0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

045La

ccar

ia tr

ichod

erm

opho

raSa

rcos

phae

ra co

rona

riaH

elvell

a la

cuno

saH

elvell

a cr

ispa

Mor

chell

a ela

taCl

itocy

be gi

bba

Mela

noleu

ca m

elaleu

caRu

ssula

acr

ifolia

Russu

la b

revi

pes

Suill

us p

seud

obre

vipe

sH

ebelo

ma

mes

opha

eum

Gyro

mitr

a in

fula

Gym

nopu

s dry

ophi

lus

Clav

ulin

a co

rallo

ides

Hyg

roph

orus

chry

sodo

nH

elvell

a ac

etab

ulum

Lact

ariu

s sal

mon

icolo

rPh

olio

ta le

nta

Lyco

perd

on p

erla

tum

Cort

inar

ius g

lauc

opus

Turb

inell

us fl

occo

sus

Helv

ella

elasti

caH

ygro

phor

us h

ypot

heju

sLy

ophy

llum

dec

aste

sTr

ichol

oma

eque

stre

Plut

eus c

ervi

nus

Lacta

rius d

elicio

sus

Russu

la a

mer

icana

Mor

chell

a es

culen

taSt

roph

aria

coro

nilla

Ento

lom

a cly

peat

umBo

letus

pin

ophi

lus

Russu

la x

eram

pelin

aCy

stode

rma

amia

nthi

num

Clito

cybe

odo

raAm

anita

fran

chet

iiBo

letus

lurid

usAu

ricul

aria

aur

icula

-juda

eAm

anita

rube

scen

sCa

ntha

rellu

s cib

ariu

sRh

izop

ogon

sp

RFW-SWRSF-SW

RSTF-SWRAB-SW






119901) showed









0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

RFW-SERSF-SE

RSTF-SERAB-SE

Lacc

aria

trich

oder

mop

hora

Sarc

osph

aera

coro

naria

Helv

ella

lacu

nosa

Helv

ella

crisp

aM

orch

ella

elata

Clito

cybe

gibb

aM

elano

leuca

mela

leuca

Russu

la a

crifo

liaRu

ssula

bre

vipe

sSu

illus

pse

udob

revi

pes

Heb

elom

a m

esop

haeu

mGy

rom

itra

infu

laGy

mno

pus d

ryop

hilu

sCl

avul

ina

cora

lloid

esH

ygro

phor

us ch

ryso

don

Helv

ella

acet

abul

umLa

ctar

ius s

alm

onico

lor

Phol

iota

lent

aLy

cope

rdon

per

latu

mCo

rtin

ariu

s gla

ucop

usTu

rbin

ellus

floc

cosu

sH

elvell

a ela

stica

Hyg

roph

orus

hyp

othe

jus

Lyop

hyllu

m d

ecas

tes

Trich

olom

a eq

uestr

ePl

uteu

s cer

vinu

sLa

ctariu

s deli

ciosu

sRu

ssula

am

erica

naM

orch

ella

escu

lenta

Stro

phar

ia co

roni

llaEn

tolo

ma

clype

atum

Bolet

us p

inop

hilu

sRu

ssula

xer

ampe

lina

Cysto

derm

a am

iant

hinu

mCl

itocy

be o

dora

Aman

ita fr

anch

etii

Bolet

us lu

ridus

Auric

ular

ia a

uricu

la-ju

dae

Aman

ita ru

besc

ens

Cant

hare

llus c

ibar

ius

Rhiz

opog

on sp



SU1SU6

SU2

SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7

SU8


r = 0923



4 Discussion




PC1

PC2

000

200

400

minus200

minus400


SU1

SU6

SU2SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7 SU8











5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology





Mina


3263 (p1)3189 (p50)3260 (p51)3189 (p100)

19∘121015840171015840101584019∘121015840121015840101584019∘121015840111015840101584019∘1210158400710158401015840

97∘591015840401015840101584097∘591015840251015840101584097∘591015840411015840101584097∘5910158402610158401015840


Mina


2900 (p1)2868 (p50)2898 (p51)2868 (p100)

19∘121015840091015840101584019∘121015840081015840101584019∘121015840141015840101584019∘1210158401310158401015840

97∘571015840471015840101584097∘571015840311015840101584097∘571015840481015840101584097∘5710158403310158401015840


Mina


3146 (p1)3104 (p50)3139 (p51)3097 (p100)

19∘121015840051015840101584019∘111015840591015840101584019∘121015840001015840101584019∘1110158405410158401015840

97∘591015840151015840101584097∘591015840031015840101584097∘591015840161015840101584097∘5910158400410158401015840


Mina


2996 (p1)2951 (p50)2989 (p51)2954 (p100)

19∘121015840001015840101584019∘111015840581015840101584019∘111015840551015840101584019∘1110158405210158401015840

97∘581015840281015840101584097∘581015840131015840101584097∘581015840291015840101584097∘5810158401510158401015840

SU5145 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco


3600 (p1)3660 (p50)3390 (p51)3540 (p100)

19∘131015840491015840101584019∘131015840571015840101584019∘131015840551015840101584019∘1310158405210158401015840

98∘031015840281015840101584098∘031015840351015840101584098∘031015840361015840101584098∘0310158402510158401015840

SU6115 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco


3111 (p1)3134 (p50)3116 (p51)3154 (p100)

19∘131015840581015840101584019∘141015840021015840101584019∘131015840561015840101584019∘1410158400110158401015840

98∘051015840051015840101584098∘041015840571015840101584098∘051015840061015840101584098∘0410158405610158401015840

SU712 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco


3150 (p1)3330 (p 50)3240 (p51)3330 (p100)

19∘131015840501015840101584019∘131015840501015840101584019∘131015840511015840101584019∘1310158404910158401015840

98∘041015840001015840101584098∘041015840081015840101584098∘041015840071015840101584098∘0310158405810158401015840

SU813 km west from

San LuisTeolocholco


3315 (p1)3269 (p50)3316 (p51)3270 (p100)

19∘131015840541015840101584019∘131015840551015840101584019∘131015840511015840101584019∘1310158405110158401015840

98∘041015840021015840101584098∘041015840131015840101584098∘041015840011015840101584098∘0410158401410158401015840




(118)=



(218)= 1034 119875 = 0375)



(118)= 0417 119875 = 0526) nor


Table2Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Agaric

aceae

Agaricu

saugustusF

rS0

10

000

073

018

0000134

01

0000

080

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m(Scop)F

ayod

S15

14000549

001020

517

43

000321

000

032

358

038

000225

000225

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

PersS

518

000183

001311

398

1414

5000

025

001052

064

1425

000

040

001137

Amanita

ceae

Amanita

affvaginata(Bull)

LamM

20

000

073

097

0000

060

013

30

000

084

0Am

anita

basii

Guzman

andRa

m-G

uill

M4

0000146

0289

0001795

02259

0001422

0Am

anita

franchetii

(Bou

d)F

ayod

M50

2001831

000146

8299

1052

005155

000783

6599

847

004153

000

676

Amanita

fulva

FrM

02

0000146

0194

0000144

0174

0000139

Amanita

rubescensP

ersM

434

001574

000291

8182

112

005083

000833

5811

1062

003657

000847

Auric

ulariaceae

Auric

ulariaauric

ula-judae(Bu

ll)Q

uelP

25

000

073

000364

06

5637119864minus05

000

042

0039

03924119864minus05

000

031

Boletaceae

Boletus

lurid

usSchaeff

M

02

0000146

0764

0000568

010

30

000

082

Boletus

pinophilu

sPilatand

Dermek

M5

2000183

000146

9205

2437

005718

001813

8495

2453

005346

001957

Cantharellaceae

Cantharellu

scibariusF

rM0

20

000146

0254

0000189

0234

0000187

Clavariadelphaceae

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

Don

kM10

0000366

0333

0000207

0412

0000259

0Clavulinaceae

Clavulinacin

erea

(Bull)

JSchrotM

01

0000

073

054

0000

040

0093

0000

074


01

0000

073

087

0000

065

013

70

000110

Cortin

ariaceae


(Schaeff)F

rM1

15000

037

001092

605

41283

000376

003071

371

3202

000233

000233

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

(Pers)

QuelM

316

36011571

002622

75805

8695

004709

000

647

9357

943

005888

005888

Disc

inaceae


uelS

137

000

037

002695

112

1604

000

070

001193

121648

000

075

000

076

Entolomataceae

Entolomacly

peatum

(L)PKu

mmM

7212

002636

000873

7332

1308

004554

000

973

4872

1169

00306

600306

6Gom

phaceae

Ramariasp1

M1

0000

037

05299

0000329

0393

0000247

0Ra

mariasp2

M1

0000

037

03368

0002092

02561

0001612

0Ra

mariasp3

M2

0000

073

01079

0000

670

01228

0000773

0Tu

rbinellus

floccosus

(Schwein)E

arleex

Giachiniand

Caste

llano

M0

99

000

655

0395

0002938

03241

00

Gom

phidiaceae

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis(M

urrill)

OK

MillM

62

000220

000146

263

94000163

000

070

339

072

000213

000

057


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Helv

ellaceae

Helv

ellaacetabulum

(L)QuelM

020

0001457

01214

40

000

903

01547

00

Helv

ellacrisp

a(Scop)F

rM39

80001428

005827

213

4724

001323

003514

3343

6854

002104

002104

Helv

ellaela

stica

Bull

M3

12000110

000874

55

306

000

034

000228

132

198

000

083

000

083

Helv

ellalacunosa

Afzel

M49

122

001794

008886

2118

7304

001316

005433

3898

1003

002453

002453

Hydnang

iaceae

Laccariaam

ethystina

Coo

keM

150

000549

076

0000

047

010

20

000

064

0La


GM

Muell

M1678

225

06144

3016387

321512

77305

019972

005750

3677

36557

023142

005230

Hygroph

oraceae

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s(Fr)FrM

04

0000291

0159

0000118

017

20

0Hygrophorus

chrysodon(Batsch)

FrM

1350

000

476

00364

244

98631

000279

000

642

314

776

000198

000198

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

(Alband

Schw

ein)F

rM7

1000256

000

073

2167

186

001346

000138

1537

051

000

967

000

967

Hygroph

orop

sidaceae

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

(Wulfen)

Maire

S0

20

000146

051

0000

038

0046

00

Lyop

hyllaceae

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s(Fr)Singer

S46

12001684

000874

3553

712

002207

000530

262

659

001649

000526

Lyophyllu

msp1

S1

0000

037

01385

0000860

0632

0000398

0Morchellaceae

Morchellaela

taFrS

Mlowast

6151

000220

010998

3346

86

000205

003486

295

6859

000186

005471

Morchellaesculen

ta(L)Perslowast

110

000

037

000728

165

557

000102

000

414

23

3000145

000239

Omph

alotaceae

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s(Bu

ll)M

urrillS

1642

000586

003059

3915

1522

000243

001132

375

878

000236

000236

Pezizaceae

Sarcosphaera

coronaria

(Jacq)JSchrotM

0104

0007575

028342

0021081

02198

0017532

Pluteaceae

Pluteuscervinu

s(Schaeff)PKu

mmS

28

000

073

000583

329

931

000204

000

693

152

103

000

096

000822

Pyronemataceae

Geopora

spM

01

0000

073

0183

0000136

0324

00

Physalacria

ceae

Armillariaaffm

ellea

(Vahl)PKu

mmP

440

001611

034203

0002124

0281

0001768

0Rh

izop

ogon

aceae

Rhizopogon

spM

312

001135

000146

481

173

000299

000129

914

309

000575

000246


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Russulaceae

Lactariusd

elicio

sus(L)G

rayM

158

000549

000583

2246

2293

001395

001706

1866

1618

001174

001290

Lactariussalmonico

lorR

Heim

and

Lecla

irM

2113

000769

000

947

35453

18332

002202

001364

297

2119

001869

001690

Russu

laacrifoliaRo

magn

M21

18000769

001312

61395

1677

003814

012474

5865

1474

9003691

0117

64Ru

ssulaalbonigra(K

rombh

)FrM

20

000

073

01447

0000899

0852

0000536

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

naSing

erM

197

000

696

000510

2149

1368

001335

001018

1605

1086

001010

000866

Russu

labrevipesPeck

M19

19000

696

001384

12495

1222

007762

009090

12838

1318

6008079

010518

Russu

laintegra(L)FrM

160

000586

04529

0002813

044

740

002816

0Ru

ssulaolivacea

(Schaeff)F

rM1

0000

037

0572

0000355

0528

0000332

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a(Schaeff)F

rM5

5000183

000364

1621

1058

001007

000787

2013

1134

001267

000

905

Stroph

ariaceae

Pholiota

lenta

S5

16000183

001165

275

1089

000171

000810

222

849

000140

000

677

Strophariacoronilla

(Bullex

DC)Q

uelS

014

0001020

0625

0000

465

0401

0000320

Suillaceae

Suillus

pseudobrevipesAH

Smand

Thiers

M70

52002563

003787

7028

69055

004366

005136

5533

4906

003482

003913

Tricho

lomataceae

Clito

cybe

gibba(Pers)

PKu

mmS

21152

000769

011071

964

5651

000598

004

203

963

4962

000

606

003958

Clito

cybe

odora(Bull)

PKu

mmS

14

000

037

000291

102

212

000

063

000158

009

06856119864minus05

000

054

Lepista

ovisp

ora(J

ELange)GuldenS

161

000586

000

073

17843

174

011084

000129

2104

311

013241

000248

Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

(Pers)

Murrill

Kuhn

erandMaire

S11

45000

403

003277

337

4225

000209

003143

314

3769

000198

00300

6

Trich

olom

aequestre(L)PK

ummM

18

000

037

000583

49

762

000

030

000567

309

663

000194

000529

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslopeSsaprobicMm

ycorrhizalP

parasitic




(218)= 119 119875 = 0325)













Table3Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relatives

patia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Agaricu

saugustus

01

000

425

000257

01

0000169

0000

633

Amanita

affvaginata

20

000849

04

0000

442

000100

00

Amanita

basii

40

004

246

031

2003425

000339

006216

000339

Amanita

franchetii

202

0000514

02

0000339

0112

32001781

Amanita

fulva

01

00360

9000257

202

002219

000339

002211

000886

Amanita

rubescens

171

001274

000257

20

000221

0010487

001381

Armillariasp1

60

000212

010

0001105

0006115

0Au

riculariaauric

ula

12

0000514

13

000110

000508

000

400

001428

Boletus

lurid

us0

2000849

000514

02

0000339

0001567

Boletus

pinophilu

s4

2000849

000514

52

000552

000339

007303

002811

Cantharellu

scibarius

42

000

425

000514

02

0000339

000849

001188

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis

22

000

425

000514

40

000

4412

0001250

000730

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

20

00

11

000110

000169

001108

000169

Clavulinacin

erea

01

0000257

11

000110

000169

000110

000540


01

002123

000257

1342

001436

007119

001436

007513

Clito

cybe

gibba

1023

000212

005913

12

000110

000339

003601

021526

Clito

cybe

odora

11

000

424

000257

17

000110

001186

000

423

001893


15

000212

001285

113

001215

000508

001840

005957

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m6

2001274

000514

32

000331

000339

002476

001905

Entolomacly

peatum

252

005308

000514

325

003536

000847

016035

003209

Geopora

sp

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

636

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s3

9000

637

002314

512

000552

002033

002018

008539

Gyromitrainfula

19

000212

002314

117

000110

002881

000

429

009083

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

5715

012102

003856

9921

010939

003559

039321

010684

Helv

ellaacetabulum

09

0002314

012

0002034

0006707

Helv

ellacrisp

a18

33003822

008483

2550

002762

008475

009335

026298

Helv

ellaela

stica

17

000212

001799

38

000331

001356

000

688

004

257

Helv

ellalacunosa

1747

00360

9012082

2562

002762

010508

009482

036909

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

610

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s0

10

000257

821

000884

003559

000884

004

226

Hygrophorus

chrysodon

810

001699

002571

02

0000339

002453

007193

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

21

000212

001285

52

000552

000339

002580

000807

Laccariaam

ethystina

20

000

425

000257

30

000331

0001353

0La


109

33000

425

0380

70041989

011864

146546

042485

Lactariusd

elicio

sus

73

023142

008483

115

001215

000847

004

646

003907

Lactariussalmonico

lor

108

001486

000771

1212

001326

002034

006

420

006

401

Lepista

ovisp

ora

91

004

671

001542

151

001657

000169

015238

000

629


Table3Con

tinued

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relativ

espatia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

47

002123

002057

411

000

442

001864

001499

006

027

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s22

6000849

001799

297

003204

001186

0117

67004132

Lyophyllu

msp1

10

001911

000257

10

000197

0001220

0Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

728

000212

08

34000884

005763

002982

019381

Morchellaela

ta3

17001492

007198

323

000331

003898

001393

022752

Morchellaesculen

ta1

5000

637

004370

16

000110

001017

000

462

00344

4Ph

oliota

lenta

59

000212

001285

511

000552

001864

001968

006153

Pluteuscervinu

s2

6001062

002314

27

000221

001186

000

923

004

004

Ramariasp1

10

000

425

001542

10

000110

0000

689

0Ra

mariasp2

10

000212

01

0000110

0002452

0Ra

mariasp3

10

000212

01

0000110

0001067

0Rh

izopogon

sp

72

001486

000514

62

000

663

000339

003583

001127

Russu

laacrifolia

138

002760085

002057

1911

002099

001864

00944

2017706

Russu

laalbonigra

10

000212

01

0000110

0001295

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

na8

5001699

001285

106

001105

001017

004

834

003830

Russu

labrevipes

613

001274

003342

2317

002541

002881

012273

016697

Russu

laintegra

120

002548

015

0001657

000760

40

Russu

laolivacea

10

000212

01

0000110

0000715

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a3

2000

637

000514

52

000552

000339

002379

00200

4Sarcosphaera

coronaria

018

0004

627

031

0005254

0038538

Strophariacoronilla

03

0000771

07

0001186

000344

2Suillus

pseudobrevipes

2212

004

671

003085

3626

003978

004

407

015578

016415

Turbinellus

floccosus

04

0001028

05

0000847

0005469

Trich

olom

aequestre

16

000212

001542

18

000110

001356

000390

004

048

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslope


0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

045La

ccar

ia tr

ichod

erm

opho

raSa

rcos

phae

ra co

rona

riaH

elvell

a la

cuno

saH

elvell

a cr

ispa

Mor

chell

a ela

taCl

itocy

be gi

bba

Mela

noleu

ca m

elaleu

caRu

ssula

acr

ifolia

Russu

la b

revi

pes

Suill

us p

seud

obre

vipe

sH

ebelo

ma

mes

opha

eum

Gyro

mitr

a in

fula

Gym

nopu

s dry

ophi

lus

Clav

ulin

a co

rallo

ides

Hyg

roph

orus

chry

sodo

nH

elvell

a ac

etab

ulum

Lact

ariu

s sal

mon

icolo

rPh

olio

ta le

nta

Lyco

perd

on p

erla

tum

Cort

inar

ius g

lauc

opus

Turb

inell

us fl

occo

sus

Helv

ella

elasti

caH

ygro

phor

us h

ypot

heju

sLy

ophy

llum

dec

aste

sTr

ichol

oma

eque

stre

Plut

eus c

ervi

nus

Lacta

rius d

elicio

sus

Russu

la a

mer

icana

Mor

chell

a es

culen

taSt

roph

aria

coro

nilla

Ento

lom

a cly

peat

umBo

letus

pin

ophi

lus

Russu

la x

eram

pelin

aCy

stode

rma

amia

nthi

num

Clito

cybe

odo

raAm

anita

fran

chet

iiBo

letus

lurid

usAu

ricul

aria

aur

icula

-juda

eAm

anita

rube

scen

sCa

ntha

rellu

s cib

ariu

sRh

izop

ogon

sp

RFW-SWRSF-SW

RSTF-SWRAB-SW






119901) showed









0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

RFW-SERSF-SE

RSTF-SERAB-SE

Lacc

aria

trich

oder

mop

hora

Sarc

osph

aera

coro

naria

Helv

ella

lacu

nosa

Helv

ella

crisp

aM

orch

ella

elata

Clito

cybe

gibb

aM

elano

leuca

mela

leuca

Russu

la a

crifo

liaRu

ssula

bre

vipe

sSu

illus

pse

udob

revi

pes

Heb

elom

a m

esop

haeu

mGy

rom

itra

infu

laGy

mno

pus d

ryop

hilu

sCl

avul

ina

cora

lloid

esH

ygro

phor

us ch

ryso

don

Helv

ella

acet

abul

umLa

ctar

ius s

alm

onico

lor

Phol

iota

lent

aLy

cope

rdon

per

latu

mCo

rtin

ariu

s gla

ucop

usTu

rbin

ellus

floc

cosu

sH

elvell

a ela

stica

Hyg

roph

orus

hyp

othe

jus

Lyop

hyllu

m d

ecas

tes

Trich

olom

a eq

uestr

ePl

uteu

s cer

vinu

sLa

ctariu

s deli

ciosu

sRu

ssula

am

erica

naM

orch

ella

escu

lenta

Stro

phar

ia co

roni

llaEn

tolo

ma

clype

atum

Bolet

us p

inop

hilu

sRu

ssula

xer

ampe

lina

Cysto

derm

a am

iant

hinu

mCl

itocy

be o

dora

Aman

ita fr

anch

etii

Bolet

us lu

ridus

Auric

ular

ia a

uricu

la-ju

dae

Aman

ita ru

besc

ens

Cant

hare

llus c

ibar

ius

Rhiz

opog

on sp



SU1SU6

SU2

SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7

SU8


r = 0923



4 Discussion




PC1

PC2

000

200

400

minus200

minus400


SU1

SU6

SU2SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7 SU8











5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Table2Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Agaric

aceae

Agaricu

saugustusF

rS0

10

000

073

018

0000134

01

0000

080

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m(Scop)F

ayod

S15

14000549

001020

517

43

000321

000

032

358

038

000225

000225

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

PersS

518

000183

001311

398

1414

5000

025

001052

064

1425

000

040

001137

Amanita

ceae

Amanita

affvaginata(Bull)

LamM

20

000

073

097

0000

060

013

30

000

084

0Am

anita

basii

Guzman

andRa

m-G

uill

M4

0000146

0289

0001795

02259

0001422

0Am

anita

franchetii

(Bou

d)F

ayod

M50

2001831

000146

8299

1052

005155

000783

6599

847

004153

000

676

Amanita

fulva

FrM

02

0000146

0194

0000144

0174

0000139

Amanita

rubescensP

ersM

434

001574

000291

8182

112

005083

000833

5811

1062

003657

000847

Auric

ulariaceae

Auric

ulariaauric

ula-judae(Bu

ll)Q

uelP

25

000

073

000364

06

5637119864minus05

000

042

0039

03924119864minus05

000

031

Boletaceae

Boletus

lurid

usSchaeff

M

02

0000146

0764

0000568

010

30

000

082

Boletus

pinophilu

sPilatand

Dermek

M5

2000183

000146

9205

2437

005718

001813

8495

2453

005346

001957

Cantharellaceae

Cantharellu

scibariusF

rM0

20

000146

0254

0000189

0234

0000187

Clavariadelphaceae

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

Don

kM10

0000366

0333

0000207

0412

0000259

0Clavulinaceae

Clavulinacin

erea

(Bull)

JSchrotM

01

0000

073

054

0000

040

0093

0000

074


01

0000

073

087

0000

065

013

70

000110

Cortin

ariaceae


(Schaeff)F

rM1

15000

037

001092

605

41283

000376

003071

371

3202

000233

000233

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

(Pers)

QuelM

316

36011571

002622

75805

8695

004709

000

647

9357

943

005888

005888

Disc

inaceae


uelS

137

000

037

002695

112

1604

000

070

001193

121648

000

075

000

076

Entolomataceae

Entolomacly

peatum

(L)PKu

mmM

7212

002636

000873

7332

1308

004554

000

973

4872

1169

00306

600306

6Gom

phaceae

Ramariasp1

M1

0000

037

05299

0000329

0393

0000247

0Ra

mariasp2

M1

0000

037

03368

0002092

02561

0001612

0Ra

mariasp3

M2

0000

073

01079

0000

670

01228

0000773

0Tu

rbinellus

floccosus

(Schwein)E

arleex

Giachiniand

Caste

llano

M0

99

000

655

0395

0002938

03241

00

Gom

phidiaceae

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis(M

urrill)

OK

MillM

62

000220

000146

263

94000163

000

070

339

072

000213

000

057


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Helv

ellaceae

Helv

ellaacetabulum

(L)QuelM

020

0001457

01214

40

000

903

01547

00

Helv

ellacrisp

a(Scop)F

rM39

80001428

005827

213

4724

001323

003514

3343

6854

002104

002104

Helv

ellaela

stica

Bull

M3

12000110

000874

55

306

000

034

000228

132

198

000

083

000

083

Helv

ellalacunosa

Afzel

M49

122

001794

008886

2118

7304

001316

005433

3898

1003

002453

002453

Hydnang

iaceae

Laccariaam

ethystina

Coo

keM

150

000549

076

0000

047

010

20

000

064

0La


GM

Muell

M1678

225

06144

3016387

321512

77305

019972

005750

3677

36557

023142

005230

Hygroph

oraceae

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s(Fr)FrM

04

0000291

0159

0000118

017

20

0Hygrophorus

chrysodon(Batsch)

FrM

1350

000

476

00364

244

98631

000279

000

642

314

776

000198

000198

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

(Alband

Schw

ein)F

rM7

1000256

000

073

2167

186

001346

000138

1537

051

000

967

000

967

Hygroph

orop

sidaceae

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

(Wulfen)

Maire

S0

20

000146

051

0000

038

0046

00

Lyop

hyllaceae

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s(Fr)Singer

S46

12001684

000874

3553

712

002207

000530

262

659

001649

000526

Lyophyllu

msp1

S1

0000

037

01385

0000860

0632

0000398

0Morchellaceae

Morchellaela

taFrS

Mlowast

6151

000220

010998

3346

86

000205

003486

295

6859

000186

005471

Morchellaesculen

ta(L)Perslowast

110

000

037

000728

165

557

000102

000

414

23

3000145

000239

Omph

alotaceae

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s(Bu

ll)M

urrillS

1642

000586

003059

3915

1522

000243

001132

375

878

000236

000236

Pezizaceae

Sarcosphaera

coronaria

(Jacq)JSchrotM

0104

0007575

028342

0021081

02198

0017532

Pluteaceae

Pluteuscervinu

s(Schaeff)PKu

mmS

28

000

073

000583

329

931

000204

000

693

152

103

000

096

000822

Pyronemataceae

Geopora

spM

01

0000

073

0183

0000136

0324

00

Physalacria

ceae

Armillariaaffm

ellea

(Vahl)PKu

mmP

440

001611

034203

0002124

0281

0001768

0Rh

izop

ogon

aceae

Rhizopogon

spM

312

001135

000146

481

173

000299

000129

914

309

000575

000246


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Russulaceae

Lactariusd

elicio

sus(L)G

rayM

158

000549

000583

2246

2293

001395

001706

1866

1618

001174

001290

Lactariussalmonico

lorR

Heim

and

Lecla

irM

2113

000769

000

947

35453

18332

002202

001364

297

2119

001869

001690

Russu

laacrifoliaRo

magn

M21

18000769

001312

61395

1677

003814

012474

5865

1474

9003691

0117

64Ru

ssulaalbonigra(K

rombh

)FrM

20

000

073

01447

0000899

0852

0000536

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

naSing

erM

197

000

696

000510

2149

1368

001335

001018

1605

1086

001010

000866

Russu

labrevipesPeck

M19

19000

696

001384

12495

1222

007762

009090

12838

1318

6008079

010518

Russu

laintegra(L)FrM

160

000586

04529

0002813

044

740

002816

0Ru

ssulaolivacea

(Schaeff)F

rM1

0000

037

0572

0000355

0528

0000332

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a(Schaeff)F

rM5

5000183

000364

1621

1058

001007

000787

2013

1134

001267

000

905

Stroph

ariaceae

Pholiota

lenta

S5

16000183

001165

275

1089

000171

000810

222

849

000140

000

677

Strophariacoronilla

(Bullex

DC)Q

uelS

014

0001020

0625

0000

465

0401

0000320

Suillaceae

Suillus

pseudobrevipesAH

Smand

Thiers

M70

52002563

003787

7028

69055

004366

005136

5533

4906

003482

003913

Tricho

lomataceae

Clito

cybe

gibba(Pers)

PKu

mmS

21152

000769

011071

964

5651

000598

004

203

963

4962

000

606

003958

Clito

cybe

odora(Bull)

PKu

mmS

14

000

037

000291

102

212

000

063

000158

009

06856119864minus05

000

054

Lepista

ovisp

ora(J

ELange)GuldenS

161

000586

000

073

17843

174

011084

000129

2104

311

013241

000248

Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

(Pers)

Murrill

Kuhn

erandMaire

S11

45000

403

003277

337

4225

000209

003143

314

3769

000198

00300

6

Trich

olom

aequestre(L)PK

ummM

18

000

037

000583

49

762

000

030

000567

309

663

000194

000529

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslopeSsaprobicMm

ycorrhizalP

parasitic




(218)= 119 119875 = 0325)













Table3Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relatives

patia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Agaricu

saugustus

01

000

425

000257

01

0000169

0000

633

Amanita

affvaginata

20

000849

04

0000

442

000100

00

Amanita

basii

40

004

246

031

2003425

000339

006216

000339

Amanita

franchetii

202

0000514

02

0000339

0112

32001781

Amanita

fulva

01

00360

9000257

202

002219

000339

002211

000886

Amanita

rubescens

171

001274

000257

20

000221

0010487

001381

Armillariasp1

60

000212

010

0001105

0006115

0Au

riculariaauric

ula

12

0000514

13

000110

000508

000

400

001428

Boletus

lurid

us0

2000849

000514

02

0000339

0001567

Boletus

pinophilu

s4

2000849

000514

52

000552

000339

007303

002811

Cantharellu

scibarius

42

000

425

000514

02

0000339

000849

001188

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis

22

000

425

000514

40

000

4412

0001250

000730

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

20

00

11

000110

000169

001108

000169

Clavulinacin

erea

01

0000257

11

000110

000169

000110

000540


01

002123

000257

1342

001436

007119

001436

007513

Clito

cybe

gibba

1023

000212

005913

12

000110

000339

003601

021526

Clito

cybe

odora

11

000

424

000257

17

000110

001186

000

423

001893


15

000212

001285

113

001215

000508

001840

005957

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m6

2001274

000514

32

000331

000339

002476

001905

Entolomacly

peatum

252

005308

000514

325

003536

000847

016035

003209

Geopora

sp

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

636

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s3

9000

637

002314

512

000552

002033

002018

008539

Gyromitrainfula

19

000212

002314

117

000110

002881

000

429

009083

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

5715

012102

003856

9921

010939

003559

039321

010684

Helv

ellaacetabulum

09

0002314

012

0002034

0006707

Helv

ellacrisp

a18

33003822

008483

2550

002762

008475

009335

026298

Helv

ellaela

stica

17

000212

001799

38

000331

001356

000

688

004

257

Helv

ellalacunosa

1747

00360

9012082

2562

002762

010508

009482

036909

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

610

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s0

10

000257

821

000884

003559

000884

004

226

Hygrophorus

chrysodon

810

001699

002571

02

0000339

002453

007193

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

21

000212

001285

52

000552

000339

002580

000807

Laccariaam

ethystina

20

000

425

000257

30

000331

0001353

0La


109

33000

425

0380

70041989

011864

146546

042485

Lactariusd

elicio

sus

73

023142

008483

115

001215

000847

004

646

003907

Lactariussalmonico

lor

108

001486

000771

1212

001326

002034

006

420

006

401

Lepista

ovisp

ora

91

004

671

001542

151

001657

000169

015238

000

629


Table3Con

tinued

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relativ

espatia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

47

002123

002057

411

000

442

001864

001499

006

027

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s22

6000849

001799

297

003204

001186

0117

67004132

Lyophyllu

msp1

10

001911

000257

10

000197

0001220

0Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

728

000212

08

34000884

005763

002982

019381

Morchellaela

ta3

17001492

007198

323

000331

003898

001393

022752

Morchellaesculen

ta1

5000

637

004370

16

000110

001017

000

462

00344

4Ph

oliota

lenta

59

000212

001285

511

000552

001864

001968

006153

Pluteuscervinu

s2

6001062

002314

27

000221

001186

000

923

004

004

Ramariasp1

10

000

425

001542

10

000110

0000

689

0Ra

mariasp2

10

000212

01

0000110

0002452

0Ra

mariasp3

10

000212

01

0000110

0001067

0Rh

izopogon

sp

72

001486

000514

62

000

663

000339

003583

001127

Russu

laacrifolia

138

002760085

002057

1911

002099

001864

00944

2017706

Russu

laalbonigra

10

000212

01

0000110

0001295

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

na8

5001699

001285

106

001105

001017

004

834

003830

Russu

labrevipes

613

001274

003342

2317

002541

002881

012273

016697

Russu

laintegra

120

002548

015

0001657

000760

40

Russu

laolivacea

10

000212

01

0000110

0000715

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a3

2000

637

000514

52

000552

000339

002379

00200

4Sarcosphaera

coronaria

018

0004

627

031

0005254

0038538

Strophariacoronilla

03

0000771

07

0001186

000344

2Suillus

pseudobrevipes

2212

004

671

003085

3626

003978

004

407

015578

016415

Turbinellus

floccosus

04

0001028

05

0000847

0005469

Trich

olom

aequestre

16

000212

001542

18

000110

001356

000390

004

048

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslope


0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

045La

ccar

ia tr

ichod

erm

opho

raSa

rcos

phae

ra co

rona

riaH

elvell

a la

cuno

saH

elvell

a cr

ispa

Mor

chell

a ela

taCl

itocy

be gi

bba

Mela

noleu

ca m

elaleu

caRu

ssula

acr

ifolia

Russu

la b

revi

pes

Suill

us p

seud

obre

vipe

sH

ebelo

ma

mes

opha

eum

Gyro

mitr

a in

fula

Gym

nopu

s dry

ophi

lus

Clav

ulin

a co

rallo

ides

Hyg

roph

orus

chry

sodo

nH

elvell

a ac

etab

ulum

Lact

ariu

s sal

mon

icolo

rPh

olio

ta le

nta

Lyco

perd

on p

erla

tum

Cort

inar

ius g

lauc

opus

Turb

inell

us fl

occo

sus

Helv

ella

elasti

caH

ygro

phor

us h

ypot

heju

sLy

ophy

llum

dec

aste

sTr

ichol

oma

eque

stre

Plut

eus c

ervi

nus

Lacta

rius d

elicio

sus

Russu

la a

mer

icana

Mor

chell

a es

culen

taSt

roph

aria

coro

nilla

Ento

lom

a cly

peat

umBo

letus

pin

ophi

lus

Russu

la x

eram

pelin

aCy

stode

rma

amia

nthi

num

Clito

cybe

odo

raAm

anita

fran

chet

iiBo

letus

lurid

usAu

ricul

aria

aur

icula

-juda

eAm

anita

rube

scen

sCa

ntha

rellu

s cib

ariu

sRh

izop

ogon

sp

RFW-SWRSF-SW

RSTF-SWRAB-SW






119901) showed









0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

RFW-SERSF-SE

RSTF-SERAB-SE

Lacc

aria

trich

oder

mop

hora

Sarc

osph

aera

coro

naria

Helv

ella

lacu

nosa

Helv

ella

crisp

aM

orch

ella

elata

Clito

cybe

gibb

aM

elano

leuca

mela

leuca

Russu

la a

crifo

liaRu

ssula

bre

vipe

sSu

illus

pse

udob

revi

pes

Heb

elom

a m

esop

haeu

mGy

rom

itra

infu

laGy

mno

pus d

ryop

hilu

sCl

avul

ina

cora

lloid

esH

ygro

phor

us ch

ryso

don

Helv

ella

acet

abul

umLa

ctar

ius s

alm

onico

lor

Phol

iota

lent

aLy

cope

rdon

per

latu

mCo

rtin

ariu

s gla

ucop

usTu

rbin

ellus

floc

cosu

sH

elvell

a ela

stica

Hyg

roph

orus

hyp

othe

jus

Lyop

hyllu

m d

ecas

tes

Trich

olom

a eq

uestr

ePl

uteu

s cer

vinu

sLa

ctariu

s deli

ciosu

sRu

ssula

am

erica

naM

orch

ella

escu

lenta

Stro

phar

ia co

roni

llaEn

tolo

ma

clype

atum

Bolet

us p

inop

hilu

sRu

ssula

xer

ampe

lina

Cysto

derm

a am

iant

hinu

mCl

itocy

be o

dora

Aman

ita fr

anch

etii

Bolet

us lu

ridus

Auric

ular

ia a

uricu

la-ju

dae

Aman

ita ru

besc

ens

Cant

hare

llus c

ibar

ius

Rhiz

opog

on sp



SU1SU6

SU2

SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7

SU8


r = 0923



4 Discussion




PC1

PC2

000

200

400

minus200

minus400


SU1

SU6

SU2SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7 SU8











5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Helv

ellaceae

Helv

ellaacetabulum

(L)QuelM

020

0001457

01214

40

000

903

01547

00

Helv

ellacrisp

a(Scop)F

rM39

80001428

005827

213

4724

001323

003514

3343

6854

002104

002104

Helv

ellaela

stica

Bull

M3

12000110

000874

55

306

000

034

000228

132

198

000

083

000

083

Helv

ellalacunosa

Afzel

M49

122

001794

008886

2118

7304

001316

005433

3898

1003

002453

002453

Hydnang

iaceae

Laccariaam

ethystina

Coo

keM

150

000549

076

0000

047

010

20

000

064

0La


GM

Muell

M1678

225

06144

3016387

321512

77305

019972

005750

3677

36557

023142

005230

Hygroph

oraceae

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s(Fr)FrM

04

0000291

0159

0000118

017

20

0Hygrophorus

chrysodon(Batsch)

FrM

1350

000

476

00364

244

98631

000279

000

642

314

776

000198

000198

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

(Alband

Schw

ein)F

rM7

1000256

000

073

2167

186

001346

000138

1537

051

000

967

000

967

Hygroph

orop

sidaceae

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

(Wulfen)

Maire

S0

20

000146

051

0000

038

0046

00

Lyop

hyllaceae

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s(Fr)Singer

S46

12001684

000874

3553

712

002207

000530

262

659

001649

000526

Lyophyllu

msp1

S1

0000

037

01385

0000860

0632

0000398

0Morchellaceae

Morchellaela

taFrS

Mlowast

6151

000220

010998

3346

86

000205

003486

295

6859

000186

005471

Morchellaesculen

ta(L)Perslowast

110

000

037

000728

165

557

000102

000

414

23

3000145

000239

Omph

alotaceae

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s(Bu

ll)M

urrillS

1642

000586

003059

3915

1522

000243

001132

375

878

000236

000236

Pezizaceae

Sarcosphaera

coronaria

(Jacq)JSchrotM

0104

0007575

028342

0021081

02198

0017532

Pluteaceae

Pluteuscervinu

s(Schaeff)PKu

mmS

28

000

073

000583

329

931

000204

000

693

152

103

000

096

000822

Pyronemataceae

Geopora

spM

01

0000

073

0183

0000136

0324

00

Physalacria

ceae

Armillariaaffm

ellea

(Vahl)PKu

mmP

440

001611

034203

0002124

0281

0001768

0Rh

izop

ogon

aceae

Rhizopogon

spM

312

001135

000146

481

173

000299

000129

914

309

000575

000246


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Russulaceae

Lactariusd

elicio

sus(L)G

rayM

158

000549

000583

2246

2293

001395

001706

1866

1618

001174

001290

Lactariussalmonico

lorR

Heim

and

Lecla

irM

2113

000769

000

947

35453

18332

002202

001364

297

2119

001869

001690

Russu

laacrifoliaRo

magn

M21

18000769

001312

61395

1677

003814

012474

5865

1474

9003691

0117

64Ru

ssulaalbonigra(K

rombh

)FrM

20

000

073

01447

0000899

0852

0000536

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

naSing

erM

197

000

696

000510

2149

1368

001335

001018

1605

1086

001010

000866

Russu

labrevipesPeck

M19

19000

696

001384

12495

1222

007762

009090

12838

1318

6008079

010518

Russu

laintegra(L)FrM

160

000586

04529

0002813

044

740

002816

0Ru

ssulaolivacea

(Schaeff)F

rM1

0000

037

0572

0000355

0528

0000332

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a(Schaeff)F

rM5

5000183

000364

1621

1058

001007

000787

2013

1134

001267

000

905

Stroph

ariaceae

Pholiota

lenta

S5

16000183

001165

275

1089

000171

000810

222

849

000140

000

677

Strophariacoronilla

(Bullex

DC)Q

uelS

014

0001020

0625

0000

465

0401

0000320

Suillaceae

Suillus

pseudobrevipesAH

Smand

Thiers

M70

52002563

003787

7028

69055

004366

005136

5533

4906

003482

003913

Tricho

lomataceae

Clito

cybe

gibba(Pers)

PKu

mmS

21152

000769

011071

964

5651

000598

004

203

963

4962

000

606

003958

Clito

cybe

odora(Bull)

PKu

mmS

14

000

037

000291

102

212

000

063

000158

009

06856119864minus05

000

054

Lepista

ovisp

ora(J

ELange)GuldenS

161

000586

000

073

17843

174

011084

000129

2104

311

013241

000248

Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

(Pers)

Murrill

Kuhn

erandMaire

S11

45000

403

003277

337

4225

000209

003143

314

3769

000198

00300

6

Trich

olom

aequestre(L)PK

ummM

18

000

037

000583

49

762

000

030

000567

309

663

000194

000529

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslopeSsaprobicMm

ycorrhizalP

parasitic




(218)= 119 119875 = 0325)













Table3Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relatives

patia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Agaricu

saugustus

01

000

425

000257

01

0000169

0000

633

Amanita

affvaginata

20

000849

04

0000

442

000100

00

Amanita

basii

40

004

246

031

2003425

000339

006216

000339

Amanita

franchetii

202

0000514

02

0000339

0112

32001781

Amanita

fulva

01

00360

9000257

202

002219

000339

002211

000886

Amanita

rubescens

171

001274

000257

20

000221

0010487

001381

Armillariasp1

60

000212

010

0001105

0006115

0Au

riculariaauric

ula

12

0000514

13

000110

000508

000

400

001428

Boletus

lurid

us0

2000849

000514

02

0000339

0001567

Boletus

pinophilu

s4

2000849

000514

52

000552

000339

007303

002811

Cantharellu

scibarius

42

000

425

000514

02

0000339

000849

001188

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis

22

000

425

000514

40

000

4412

0001250

000730

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

20

00

11

000110

000169

001108

000169

Clavulinacin

erea

01

0000257

11

000110

000169

000110

000540


01

002123

000257

1342

001436

007119

001436

007513

Clito

cybe

gibba

1023

000212

005913

12

000110

000339

003601

021526

Clito

cybe

odora

11

000

424

000257

17

000110

001186

000

423

001893


15

000212

001285

113

001215

000508

001840

005957

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m6

2001274

000514

32

000331

000339

002476

001905

Entolomacly

peatum

252

005308

000514

325

003536

000847

016035

003209

Geopora

sp

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

636

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s3

9000

637

002314

512

000552

002033

002018

008539

Gyromitrainfula

19

000212

002314

117

000110

002881

000

429

009083

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

5715

012102

003856

9921

010939

003559

039321

010684

Helv

ellaacetabulum

09

0002314

012

0002034

0006707

Helv

ellacrisp

a18

33003822

008483

2550

002762

008475

009335

026298

Helv

ellaela

stica

17

000212

001799

38

000331

001356

000

688

004

257

Helv

ellalacunosa

1747

00360

9012082

2562

002762

010508

009482

036909

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

610

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s0

10

000257

821

000884

003559

000884

004

226

Hygrophorus

chrysodon

810

001699

002571

02

0000339

002453

007193

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

21

000212

001285

52

000552

000339

002580

000807

Laccariaam

ethystina

20

000

425

000257

30

000331

0001353

0La


109

33000

425

0380

70041989

011864

146546

042485

Lactariusd

elicio

sus

73

023142

008483

115

001215

000847

004

646

003907

Lactariussalmonico

lor

108

001486

000771

1212

001326

002034

006

420

006

401

Lepista

ovisp

ora

91

004

671

001542

151

001657

000169

015238

000

629


Table3Con

tinued

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relativ

espatia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

47

002123

002057

411

000

442

001864

001499

006

027

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s22

6000849

001799

297

003204

001186

0117

67004132

Lyophyllu

msp1

10

001911

000257

10

000197

0001220

0Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

728

000212

08

34000884

005763

002982

019381

Morchellaela

ta3

17001492

007198

323

000331

003898

001393

022752

Morchellaesculen

ta1

5000

637

004370

16

000110

001017

000

462

00344

4Ph

oliota

lenta

59

000212

001285

511

000552

001864

001968

006153

Pluteuscervinu

s2

6001062

002314

27

000221

001186

000

923

004

004

Ramariasp1

10

000

425

001542

10

000110

0000

689

0Ra

mariasp2

10

000212

01

0000110

0002452

0Ra

mariasp3

10

000212

01

0000110

0001067

0Rh

izopogon

sp

72

001486

000514

62

000

663

000339

003583

001127

Russu

laacrifolia

138

002760085

002057

1911

002099

001864

00944

2017706

Russu

laalbonigra

10

000212

01

0000110

0001295

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

na8

5001699

001285

106

001105

001017

004

834

003830

Russu

labrevipes

613

001274

003342

2317

002541

002881

012273

016697

Russu

laintegra

120

002548

015

0001657

000760

40

Russu

laolivacea

10

000212

01

0000110

0000715

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a3

2000

637

000514

52

000552

000339

002379

00200

4Sarcosphaera

coronaria

018

0004

627

031

0005254

0038538

Strophariacoronilla

03

0000771

07

0001186

000344

2Suillus

pseudobrevipes

2212

004

671

003085

3626

003978

004

407

015578

016415

Turbinellus

floccosus

04

0001028

05

0000847

0005469

Trich

olom

aequestre

16

000212

001542

18

000110

001356

000390

004

048

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslope


0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

045La

ccar

ia tr

ichod

erm

opho

raSa

rcos

phae

ra co

rona

riaH

elvell

a la

cuno

saH

elvell

a cr

ispa

Mor

chell

a ela

taCl

itocy

be gi

bba

Mela

noleu

ca m

elaleu

caRu

ssula

acr

ifolia

Russu

la b

revi

pes

Suill

us p

seud

obre

vipe

sH

ebelo

ma

mes

opha

eum

Gyro

mitr

a in

fula

Gym

nopu

s dry

ophi

lus

Clav

ulin

a co

rallo

ides

Hyg

roph

orus

chry

sodo

nH

elvell

a ac

etab

ulum

Lact

ariu

s sal

mon

icolo

rPh

olio

ta le

nta

Lyco

perd

on p

erla

tum

Cort

inar

ius g

lauc

opus

Turb

inell

us fl

occo

sus

Helv

ella

elasti

caH

ygro

phor

us h

ypot

heju

sLy

ophy

llum

dec

aste

sTr

ichol

oma

eque

stre

Plut

eus c

ervi

nus

Lacta

rius d

elicio

sus

Russu

la a

mer

icana

Mor

chell

a es

culen

taSt

roph

aria

coro

nilla

Ento

lom

a cly

peat

umBo

letus

pin

ophi

lus

Russu

la x

eram

pelin

aCy

stode

rma

amia

nthi

num

Clito

cybe

odo

raAm

anita

fran

chet

iiBo

letus

lurid

usAu

ricul

aria

aur

icula

-juda

eAm

anita

rube

scen

sCa

ntha

rellu

s cib

ariu

sRh

izop

ogon

sp

RFW-SWRSF-SW

RSTF-SWRAB-SW






119901) showed









0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

RFW-SERSF-SE

RSTF-SERAB-SE

Lacc

aria

trich

oder

mop

hora

Sarc

osph

aera

coro

naria

Helv

ella

lacu

nosa

Helv

ella

crisp

aM

orch

ella

elata

Clito

cybe

gibb

aM

elano

leuca

mela

leuca

Russu

la a

crifo

liaRu

ssula

bre

vipe

sSu

illus

pse

udob

revi

pes

Heb

elom

a m

esop

haeu

mGy

rom

itra

infu

laGy

mno

pus d

ryop

hilu

sCl

avul

ina

cora

lloid

esH

ygro

phor

us ch

ryso

don

Helv

ella

acet

abul

umLa

ctar

ius s

alm

onico

lor

Phol

iota

lent

aLy

cope

rdon

per

latu

mCo

rtin

ariu

s gla

ucop

usTu

rbin

ellus

floc

cosu

sH

elvell

a ela

stica

Hyg

roph

orus

hyp

othe

jus

Lyop

hyllu

m d

ecas

tes

Trich

olom

a eq

uestr

ePl

uteu

s cer

vinu

sLa

ctariu

s deli

ciosu

sRu

ssula

am

erica

naM

orch

ella

escu

lenta

Stro

phar

ia co

roni

llaEn

tolo

ma

clype

atum

Bolet

us p

inop

hilu

sRu

ssula

xer

ampe

lina

Cysto

derm

a am

iant

hinu

mCl

itocy

be o

dora

Aman

ita fr

anch

etii

Bolet

us lu

ridus

Auric

ular

ia a

uricu

la-ju

dae

Aman

ita ru

besc

ens

Cant

hare

llus c

ibar

ius

Rhiz

opog

on sp



SU1SU6

SU2

SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7

SU8


r = 0923



4 Discussion




PC1

PC2

000

200

400

minus200

minus400


SU1

SU6

SU2SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7 SU8











5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Table2Con

tinued

Species

Totalabu

ndance

Relativea

bund

ance

Totalfresh

weight

Relativefresh

weight

Totald

ryweight

Relatived

ryweight

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWE

SES

SWS

Russulaceae

Lactariusd

elicio

sus(L)G

rayM

158

000549

000583

2246

2293

001395

001706

1866

1618

001174

001290

Lactariussalmonico

lorR

Heim

and

Lecla

irM

2113

000769

000

947

35453

18332

002202

001364

297

2119

001869

001690

Russu

laacrifoliaRo

magn

M21

18000769

001312

61395

1677

003814

012474

5865

1474

9003691

0117

64Ru

ssulaalbonigra(K

rombh

)FrM

20

000

073

01447

0000899

0852

0000536

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

naSing

erM

197

000

696

000510

2149

1368

001335

001018

1605

1086

001010

000866

Russu

labrevipesPeck

M19

19000

696

001384

12495

1222

007762

009090

12838

1318

6008079

010518

Russu

laintegra(L)FrM

160

000586

04529

0002813

044

740

002816

0Ru

ssulaolivacea

(Schaeff)F

rM1

0000

037

0572

0000355

0528

0000332

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a(Schaeff)F

rM5

5000183

000364

1621

1058

001007

000787

2013

1134

001267

000

905

Stroph

ariaceae

Pholiota

lenta

S5

16000183

001165

275

1089

000171

000810

222

849

000140

000

677

Strophariacoronilla

(Bullex

DC)Q

uelS

014

0001020

0625

0000

465

0401

0000320

Suillaceae

Suillus

pseudobrevipesAH

Smand

Thiers

M70

52002563

003787

7028

69055

004366

005136

5533

4906

003482

003913

Tricho

lomataceae

Clito

cybe

gibba(Pers)

PKu

mmS

21152

000769

011071

964

5651

000598

004

203

963

4962

000

606

003958

Clito

cybe

odora(Bull)

PKu

mmS

14

000

037

000291

102

212

000

063

000158

009

06856119864minus05

000

054

Lepista

ovisp

ora(J

ELange)GuldenS

161

000586

000

073

17843

174

011084

000129

2104

311

013241

000248

Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

(Pers)

Murrill

Kuhn

erandMaire

S11

45000

403

003277

337

4225

000209

003143

314

3769

000198

00300

6

Trich

olom

aequestre(L)PK

ummM

18

000

037

000583

49

762

000

030

000567

309

663

000194

000529

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslopeSsaprobicMm

ycorrhizalP

parasitic




(218)= 119 119875 = 0325)













Table3Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relatives

patia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Agaricu

saugustus

01

000

425

000257

01

0000169

0000

633

Amanita

affvaginata

20

000849

04

0000

442

000100

00

Amanita

basii

40

004

246

031

2003425

000339

006216

000339

Amanita

franchetii

202

0000514

02

0000339

0112

32001781

Amanita

fulva

01

00360

9000257

202

002219

000339

002211

000886

Amanita

rubescens

171

001274

000257

20

000221

0010487

001381

Armillariasp1

60

000212

010

0001105

0006115

0Au

riculariaauric

ula

12

0000514

13

000110

000508

000

400

001428

Boletus

lurid

us0

2000849

000514

02

0000339

0001567

Boletus

pinophilu

s4

2000849

000514

52

000552

000339

007303

002811

Cantharellu

scibarius

42

000

425

000514

02

0000339

000849

001188

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis

22

000

425

000514

40

000

4412

0001250

000730

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

20

00

11

000110

000169

001108

000169

Clavulinacin

erea

01

0000257

11

000110

000169

000110

000540


01

002123

000257

1342

001436

007119

001436

007513

Clito

cybe

gibba

1023

000212

005913

12

000110

000339

003601

021526

Clito

cybe

odora

11

000

424

000257

17

000110

001186

000

423

001893


15

000212

001285

113

001215

000508

001840

005957

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m6

2001274

000514

32

000331

000339

002476

001905

Entolomacly

peatum

252

005308

000514

325

003536

000847

016035

003209

Geopora

sp

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

636

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s3

9000

637

002314

512

000552

002033

002018

008539

Gyromitrainfula

19

000212

002314

117

000110

002881

000

429

009083

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

5715

012102

003856

9921

010939

003559

039321

010684

Helv

ellaacetabulum

09

0002314

012

0002034

0006707

Helv

ellacrisp

a18

33003822

008483

2550

002762

008475

009335

026298

Helv

ellaela

stica

17

000212

001799

38

000331

001356

000

688

004

257

Helv

ellalacunosa

1747

00360

9012082

2562

002762

010508

009482

036909

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

610

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s0

10

000257

821

000884

003559

000884

004

226

Hygrophorus

chrysodon

810

001699

002571

02

0000339

002453

007193

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

21

000212

001285

52

000552

000339

002580

000807

Laccariaam

ethystina

20

000

425

000257

30

000331

0001353

0La


109

33000

425

0380

70041989

011864

146546

042485

Lactariusd

elicio

sus

73

023142

008483

115

001215

000847

004

646

003907

Lactariussalmonico

lor

108

001486

000771

1212

001326

002034

006

420

006

401

Lepista

ovisp

ora

91

004

671

001542

151

001657

000169

015238

000

629


Table3Con

tinued

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relativ

espatia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

47

002123

002057

411

000

442

001864

001499

006

027

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s22

6000849

001799

297

003204

001186

0117

67004132

Lyophyllu

msp1

10

001911

000257

10

000197

0001220

0Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

728

000212

08

34000884

005763

002982

019381

Morchellaela

ta3

17001492

007198

323

000331

003898

001393

022752

Morchellaesculen

ta1

5000

637

004370

16

000110

001017

000

462

00344

4Ph

oliota

lenta

59

000212

001285

511

000552

001864

001968

006153

Pluteuscervinu

s2

6001062

002314

27

000221

001186

000

923

004

004

Ramariasp1

10

000

425

001542

10

000110

0000

689

0Ra

mariasp2

10

000212

01

0000110

0002452

0Ra

mariasp3

10

000212

01

0000110

0001067

0Rh

izopogon

sp

72

001486

000514

62

000

663

000339

003583

001127

Russu

laacrifolia

138

002760085

002057

1911

002099

001864

00944

2017706

Russu

laalbonigra

10

000212

01

0000110

0001295

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

na8

5001699

001285

106

001105

001017

004

834

003830

Russu

labrevipes

613

001274

003342

2317

002541

002881

012273

016697

Russu

laintegra

120

002548

015

0001657

000760

40

Russu

laolivacea

10

000212

01

0000110

0000715

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a3

2000

637

000514

52

000552

000339

002379

00200

4Sarcosphaera

coronaria

018

0004

627

031

0005254

0038538

Strophariacoronilla

03

0000771

07

0001186

000344

2Suillus

pseudobrevipes

2212

004

671

003085

3626

003978

004

407

015578

016415

Turbinellus

floccosus

04

0001028

05

0000847

0005469

Trich

olom

aequestre

16

000212

001542

18

000110

001356

000390

004

048

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslope


0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

045La

ccar

ia tr

ichod

erm

opho

raSa

rcos

phae

ra co

rona

riaH

elvell

a la

cuno

saH

elvell

a cr

ispa

Mor

chell

a ela

taCl

itocy

be gi

bba

Mela

noleu

ca m

elaleu

caRu

ssula

acr

ifolia

Russu

la b

revi

pes

Suill

us p

seud

obre

vipe

sH

ebelo

ma

mes

opha

eum

Gyro

mitr

a in

fula

Gym

nopu

s dry

ophi

lus

Clav

ulin

a co

rallo

ides

Hyg

roph

orus

chry

sodo

nH

elvell

a ac

etab

ulum

Lact

ariu

s sal

mon

icolo

rPh

olio

ta le

nta

Lyco

perd

on p

erla

tum

Cort

inar

ius g

lauc

opus

Turb

inell

us fl

occo

sus

Helv

ella

elasti

caH

ygro

phor

us h

ypot

heju

sLy

ophy

llum

dec

aste

sTr

ichol

oma

eque

stre

Plut

eus c

ervi

nus

Lacta

rius d

elicio

sus

Russu

la a

mer

icana

Mor

chell

a es

culen

taSt

roph

aria

coro

nilla

Ento

lom

a cly

peat

umBo

letus

pin

ophi

lus

Russu

la x

eram

pelin

aCy

stode

rma

amia

nthi

num

Clito

cybe

odo

raAm

anita

fran

chet

iiBo

letus

lurid

usAu

ricul

aria

aur

icula

-juda

eAm

anita

rube

scen

sCa

ntha

rellu

s cib

ariu

sRh

izop

ogon

sp

RFW-SWRSF-SW

RSTF-SWRAB-SW






119901) showed









0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

RFW-SERSF-SE

RSTF-SERAB-SE

Lacc

aria

trich

oder

mop

hora

Sarc

osph

aera

coro

naria

Helv

ella

lacu

nosa

Helv

ella

crisp

aM

orch

ella

elata

Clito

cybe

gibb

aM

elano

leuca

mela

leuca

Russu

la a

crifo

liaRu

ssula

bre

vipe

sSu

illus

pse

udob

revi

pes

Heb

elom

a m

esop

haeu

mGy

rom

itra

infu

laGy

mno

pus d

ryop

hilu

sCl

avul

ina

cora

lloid

esH

ygro

phor

us ch

ryso

don

Helv

ella

acet

abul

umLa

ctar

ius s

alm

onico

lor

Phol

iota

lent

aLy

cope

rdon

per

latu

mCo

rtin

ariu

s gla

ucop

usTu

rbin

ellus

floc

cosu

sH

elvell

a ela

stica

Hyg

roph

orus

hyp

othe

jus

Lyop

hyllu

m d

ecas

tes

Trich

olom

a eq

uestr

ePl

uteu

s cer

vinu

sLa

ctariu

s deli

ciosu

sRu

ssula

am

erica

naM

orch

ella

escu

lenta

Stro

phar

ia co

roni

llaEn

tolo

ma

clype

atum

Bolet

us p

inop

hilu

sRu

ssula

xer

ampe

lina

Cysto

derm

a am

iant

hinu

mCl

itocy

be o

dora

Aman

ita fr

anch

etii

Bolet

us lu

ridus

Auric

ular

ia a

uricu

la-ju

dae

Aman

ita ru

besc

ens

Cant

hare

llus c

ibar

ius

Rhiz

opog

on sp



SU1SU6

SU2

SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7

SU8


r = 0923



4 Discussion




PC1

PC2

000

200

400

minus200

minus400


SU1

SU6

SU2SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7 SU8











5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology




(218)= 119 119875 = 0325)













Table3Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relatives

patia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Agaricu

saugustus

01

000

425

000257

01

0000169

0000

633

Amanita

affvaginata

20

000849

04

0000

442

000100

00

Amanita

basii

40

004

246

031

2003425

000339

006216

000339

Amanita

franchetii

202

0000514

02

0000339

0112

32001781

Amanita

fulva

01

00360

9000257

202

002219

000339

002211

000886

Amanita

rubescens

171

001274

000257

20

000221

0010487

001381

Armillariasp1

60

000212

010

0001105

0006115

0Au

riculariaauric

ula

12

0000514

13

000110

000508

000

400

001428

Boletus

lurid

us0

2000849

000514

02

0000339

0001567

Boletus

pinophilu

s4

2000849

000514

52

000552

000339

007303

002811

Cantharellu

scibarius

42

000

425

000514

02

0000339

000849

001188

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis

22

000

425

000514

40

000

4412

0001250

000730

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

20

00

11

000110

000169

001108

000169

Clavulinacin

erea

01

0000257

11

000110

000169

000110

000540


01

002123

000257

1342

001436

007119

001436

007513

Clito

cybe

gibba

1023

000212

005913

12

000110

000339

003601

021526

Clito

cybe

odora

11

000

424

000257

17

000110

001186

000

423

001893


15

000212

001285

113

001215

000508

001840

005957

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m6

2001274

000514

32

000331

000339

002476

001905

Entolomacly

peatum

252

005308

000514

325

003536

000847

016035

003209

Geopora

sp

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

636

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s3

9000

637

002314

512

000552

002033

002018

008539

Gyromitrainfula

19

000212

002314

117

000110

002881

000

429

009083

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

5715

012102

003856

9921

010939

003559

039321

010684

Helv

ellaacetabulum

09

0002314

012

0002034

0006707

Helv

ellacrisp

a18

33003822

008483

2550

002762

008475

009335

026298

Helv

ellaela

stica

17

000212

001799

38

000331

001356

000

688

004

257

Helv

ellalacunosa

1747

00360

9012082

2562

002762

010508

009482

036909

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

610

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s0

10

000257

821

000884

003559

000884

004

226

Hygrophorus

chrysodon

810

001699

002571

02

0000339

002453

007193

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

21

000212

001285

52

000552

000339

002580

000807

Laccariaam

ethystina

20

000

425

000257

30

000331

0001353

0La


109

33000

425

0380

70041989

011864

146546

042485

Lactariusd

elicio

sus

73

023142

008483

115

001215

000847

004

646

003907

Lactariussalmonico

lor

108

001486

000771

1212

001326

002034

006

420

006

401

Lepista

ovisp

ora

91

004

671

001542

151

001657

000169

015238

000

629


Table3Con

tinued

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relativ

espatia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

47

002123

002057

411

000

442

001864

001499

006

027

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s22

6000849

001799

297

003204

001186

0117

67004132

Lyophyllu

msp1

10

001911

000257

10

000197

0001220

0Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

728

000212

08

34000884

005763

002982

019381

Morchellaela

ta3

17001492

007198

323

000331

003898

001393

022752

Morchellaesculen

ta1

5000

637

004370

16

000110

001017

000

462

00344

4Ph

oliota

lenta

59

000212

001285

511

000552

001864

001968

006153

Pluteuscervinu

s2

6001062

002314

27

000221

001186

000

923

004

004

Ramariasp1

10

000

425

001542

10

000110

0000

689

0Ra

mariasp2

10

000212

01

0000110

0002452

0Ra

mariasp3

10

000212

01

0000110

0001067

0Rh

izopogon

sp

72

001486

000514

62

000

663

000339

003583

001127

Russu

laacrifolia

138

002760085

002057

1911

002099

001864

00944

2017706

Russu

laalbonigra

10

000212

01

0000110

0001295

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

na8

5001699

001285

106

001105

001017

004

834

003830

Russu

labrevipes

613

001274

003342

2317

002541

002881

012273

016697

Russu

laintegra

120

002548

015

0001657

000760

40

Russu

laolivacea

10

000212

01

0000110

0000715

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a3

2000

637

000514

52

000552

000339

002379

00200

4Sarcosphaera

coronaria

018

0004

627

031

0005254

0038538

Strophariacoronilla

03

0000771

07

0001186

000344

2Suillus

pseudobrevipes

2212

004

671

003085

3626

003978

004

407

015578

016415

Turbinellus

floccosus

04

0001028

05

0000847

0005469

Trich

olom

aequestre

16

000212

001542

18

000110

001356

000390

004

048

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslope


0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

045La

ccar

ia tr

ichod

erm

opho

raSa

rcos

phae

ra co

rona

riaH

elvell

a la

cuno

saH

elvell

a cr

ispa

Mor

chell

a ela

taCl

itocy

be gi

bba

Mela

noleu

ca m

elaleu

caRu

ssula

acr

ifolia

Russu

la b

revi

pes

Suill

us p

seud

obre

vipe

sH

ebelo

ma

mes

opha

eum

Gyro

mitr

a in

fula

Gym

nopu

s dry

ophi

lus

Clav

ulin

a co

rallo

ides

Hyg

roph

orus

chry

sodo

nH

elvell

a ac

etab

ulum

Lact

ariu

s sal

mon

icolo

rPh

olio

ta le

nta

Lyco

perd

on p

erla

tum

Cort

inar

ius g

lauc

opus

Turb

inell

us fl

occo

sus

Helv

ella

elasti

caH

ygro

phor

us h

ypot

heju

sLy

ophy

llum

dec

aste

sTr

ichol

oma

eque

stre

Plut

eus c

ervi

nus

Lacta

rius d

elicio

sus

Russu

la a

mer

icana

Mor

chell

a es

culen

taSt

roph

aria

coro

nilla

Ento

lom

a cly

peat

umBo

letus

pin

ophi

lus

Russu

la x

eram

pelin

aCy

stode

rma

amia

nthi

num

Clito

cybe

odo

raAm

anita

fran

chet

iiBo

letus

lurid

usAu

ricul

aria

aur

icula

-juda

eAm

anita

rube

scen

sCa

ntha

rellu

s cib

ariu

sRh

izop

ogon

sp

RFW-SWRSF-SW

RSTF-SWRAB-SW






119901) showed









0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

RFW-SERSF-SE

RSTF-SERAB-SE

Lacc

aria

trich

oder

mop

hora

Sarc

osph

aera

coro

naria

Helv

ella

lacu

nosa

Helv

ella

crisp

aM

orch

ella

elata

Clito

cybe

gibb

aM

elano

leuca

mela

leuca

Russu

la a

crifo

liaRu

ssula

bre

vipe

sSu

illus

pse

udob

revi

pes

Heb

elom

a m

esop

haeu

mGy

rom

itra

infu

laGy

mno

pus d

ryop

hilu

sCl

avul

ina

cora

lloid

esH

ygro

phor

us ch

ryso

don

Helv

ella

acet

abul

umLa

ctar

ius s

alm

onico

lor

Phol

iota

lent

aLy

cope

rdon

per

latu

mCo

rtin

ariu

s gla

ucop

usTu

rbin

ellus

floc

cosu

sH

elvell

a ela

stica

Hyg

roph

orus

hyp

othe

jus

Lyop

hyllu

m d

ecas

tes

Trich

olom

a eq

uestr

ePl

uteu

s cer

vinu

sLa

ctariu

s deli

ciosu

sRu

ssula

am

erica

naM

orch

ella

escu

lenta

Stro

phar

ia co

roni

llaEn

tolo

ma

clype

atum

Bolet

us p

inop

hilu

sRu

ssula

xer

ampe

lina

Cysto

derm

a am

iant

hinu

mCl

itocy

be o

dora

Aman

ita fr

anch

etii

Bolet

us lu

ridus

Auric

ular

ia a

uricu

la-ju

dae

Aman

ita ru

besc

ens

Cant

hare

llus c

ibar

ius

Rhiz

opog

on sp



SU1SU6

SU2

SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7

SU8


r = 0923



4 Discussion




PC1

PC2

000

200

400

minus200

minus400


SU1

SU6

SU2SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7 SU8











5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Table3Mushroo

mecologicalvaria

bles

measuredin


LaMalincheN

ationalP

arkTlaxcalaM

exico

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relatives

patia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Agaricu

saugustus

01

000

425

000257

01

0000169

0000

633

Amanita

affvaginata

20

000849

04

0000

442

000100

00

Amanita

basii

40

004

246

031

2003425

000339

006216

000339

Amanita

franchetii

202

0000514

02

0000339

0112

32001781

Amanita

fulva

01

00360

9000257

202

002219

000339

002211

000886

Amanita

rubescens

171

001274

000257

20

000221

0010487

001381

Armillariasp1

60

000212

010

0001105

0006115

0Au

riculariaauric

ula

12

0000514

13

000110

000508

000

400

001428

Boletus

lurid

us0

2000849

000514

02

0000339

0001567

Boletus

pinophilu

s4

2000849

000514

52

000552

000339

007303

002811

Cantharellu

scibarius

42

000

425

000514

02

0000339

000849

001188

Chroogom

phus

jamaicensis

22

000

425

000514

40

000

4412

0001250

000730

Clavariadelphu

struncatus

20

00

11

000110

000169

001108

000169

Clavulinacin

erea

01

0000257

11

000110

000169

000110

000540


01

002123

000257

1342

001436

007119

001436

007513

Clito

cybe

gibba

1023

000212

005913

12

000110

000339

003601

021526

Clito

cybe

odora

11

000

424

000257

17

000110

001186

000

423

001893


15

000212

001285

113

001215

000508

001840

005957

Cysto

derm

aam

ianthinu

m6

2001274

000514

32

000331

000339

002476

001905

Entolomacly

peatum

252

005308

000514

325

003536

000847

016035

003209

Geopora

sp

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

636

Gymnopu

sdryophillu

s3

9000

637

002314

512

000552

002033

002018

008539

Gyromitrainfula

19

000212

002314

117

000110

002881

000

429

009083

Hebelo

mamesophaeum

5715

012102

003856

9921

010939

003559

039321

010684

Helv

ellaacetabulum

09

0002314

012

0002034

0006707

Helv

ellacrisp

a18

33003822

008483

2550

002762

008475

009335

026298

Helv

ellaela

stica

17

000212

001799

38

000331

001356

000

688

004

257

Helv

ellalacunosa

1747

00360

9012082

2562

002762

010508

009482

036909

Hygrophoropsis

aurantiaca

01

0000257

01

0000169

0000

610

Hygrophorus

hypotheju

s0

10

000257

821

000884

003559

000884

004

226

Hygrophorus

chrysodon

810

001699

002571

02

0000339

002453

007193

Hygrophorus

purpurascens

21

000212

001285

52

000552

000339

002580

000807

Laccariaam

ethystina

20

000

425

000257

30

000331

0001353

0La


109

33000

425

0380

70041989

011864

146546

042485

Lactariusd

elicio

sus

73

023142

008483

115

001215

000847

004

646

003907

Lactariussalmonico

lor

108

001486

000771

1212

001326

002034

006

420

006

401

Lepista

ovisp

ora

91

004

671

001542

151

001657

000169

015238

000

629


Table3Con

tinued

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relativ

espatia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

47

002123

002057

411

000

442

001864

001499

006

027

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s22

6000849

001799

297

003204

001186

0117

67004132

Lyophyllu

msp1

10

001911

000257

10

000197

0001220

0Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

728

000212

08

34000884

005763

002982

019381

Morchellaela

ta3

17001492

007198

323

000331

003898

001393

022752

Morchellaesculen

ta1

5000

637

004370

16

000110

001017

000

462

00344

4Ph

oliota

lenta

59

000212

001285

511

000552

001864

001968

006153

Pluteuscervinu

s2

6001062

002314

27

000221

001186

000

923

004

004

Ramariasp1

10

000

425

001542

10

000110

0000

689

0Ra

mariasp2

10

000212

01

0000110

0002452

0Ra

mariasp3

10

000212

01

0000110

0001067

0Rh

izopogon

sp

72

001486

000514

62

000

663

000339

003583

001127

Russu

laacrifolia

138

002760085

002057

1911

002099

001864

00944

2017706

Russu

laalbonigra

10

000212

01

0000110

0001295

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

na8

5001699

001285

106

001105

001017

004

834

003830

Russu

labrevipes

613

001274

003342

2317

002541

002881

012273

016697

Russu

laintegra

120

002548

015

0001657

000760

40

Russu

laolivacea

10

000212

01

0000110

0000715

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a3

2000

637

000514

52

000552

000339

002379

00200

4Sarcosphaera

coronaria

018

0004

627

031

0005254

0038538

Strophariacoronilla

03

0000771

07

0001186

000344

2Suillus

pseudobrevipes

2212

004

671

003085

3626

003978

004

407

015578

016415

Turbinellus

floccosus

04

0001028

05

0000847

0005469

Trich

olom

aequestre

16

000212

001542

18

000110

001356

000390

004

048

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslope


0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

045La

ccar

ia tr

ichod

erm

opho

raSa

rcos

phae

ra co

rona

riaH

elvell

a la

cuno

saH

elvell

a cr

ispa

Mor

chell

a ela

taCl

itocy

be gi

bba

Mela

noleu

ca m

elaleu

caRu

ssula

acr

ifolia

Russu

la b

revi

pes

Suill

us p

seud

obre

vipe

sH

ebelo

ma

mes

opha

eum

Gyro

mitr

a in

fula

Gym

nopu

s dry

ophi

lus

Clav

ulin

a co

rallo

ides

Hyg

roph

orus

chry

sodo

nH

elvell

a ac

etab

ulum

Lact

ariu

s sal

mon

icolo

rPh

olio

ta le

nta

Lyco

perd

on p

erla

tum

Cort

inar

ius g

lauc

opus

Turb

inell

us fl

occo

sus

Helv

ella

elasti

caH

ygro

phor

us h

ypot

heju

sLy

ophy

llum

dec

aste

sTr

ichol

oma

eque

stre

Plut

eus c

ervi

nus

Lacta

rius d

elicio

sus

Russu

la a

mer

icana

Mor

chell

a es

culen

taSt

roph

aria

coro

nilla

Ento

lom

a cly

peat

umBo

letus

pin

ophi

lus

Russu

la x

eram

pelin

aCy

stode

rma

amia

nthi

num

Clito

cybe

odo

raAm

anita

fran

chet

iiBo

letus

lurid

usAu

ricul

aria

aur

icula

-juda

eAm

anita

rube

scen

sCa

ntha

rellu

s cib

ariu

sRh

izop

ogon

sp

RFW-SWRSF-SW

RSTF-SWRAB-SW






119901) showed









0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

RFW-SERSF-SE

RSTF-SERAB-SE

Lacc

aria

trich

oder

mop

hora

Sarc

osph

aera

coro

naria

Helv

ella

lacu

nosa

Helv

ella

crisp

aM

orch

ella

elata

Clito

cybe

gibb

aM

elano

leuca

mela

leuca

Russu

la a

crifo

liaRu

ssula

bre

vipe

sSu

illus

pse

udob

revi

pes

Heb

elom

a m

esop

haeu

mGy

rom

itra

infu

laGy

mno

pus d

ryop

hilu

sCl

avul

ina

cora

lloid

esH

ygro

phor

us ch

ryso

don

Helv

ella

acet

abul

umLa

ctar

ius s

alm

onico

lor

Phol

iota

lent

aLy

cope

rdon

per

latu

mCo

rtin

ariu

s gla

ucop

usTu

rbin

ellus

floc

cosu

sH

elvell

a ela

stica

Hyg

roph

orus

hyp

othe

jus

Lyop

hyllu

m d

ecas

tes

Trich

olom

a eq

uestr

ePl

uteu

s cer

vinu

sLa

ctariu

s deli

ciosu

sRu

ssula

am

erica

naM

orch

ella

escu

lenta

Stro

phar

ia co

roni

llaEn

tolo

ma

clype

atum

Bolet

us p

inop

hilu

sRu

ssula

xer

ampe

lina

Cysto

derm

a am

iant

hinu

mCl

itocy

be o

dora

Aman

ita fr

anch

etii

Bolet

us lu

ridus

Auric

ular

ia a

uricu

la-ju

dae

Aman

ita ru

besc

ens

Cant

hare

llus c

ibar

ius

Rhiz

opog

on sp



SU1SU6

SU2

SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7

SU8


r = 0923



4 Discussion




PC1

PC2

000

200

400

minus200

minus400


SU1

SU6

SU2SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7 SU8











5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


Table3Con

tinued

Species

Totalspatia

lfrequ

ency

Relativ

espatia

lfrequ

ency

Totalspatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Relativ

espatio

tempo

ral

frequ

ency

Availabilityindex

Availabilityindex

SESa

SWSb

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

SES

SWS

Lycoperdon

perla

tum

47

002123

002057

411

000

442

001864

001499

006

027

Lyophyllu

mdecaste

s22

6000849

001799

297

003204

001186

0117

67004132

Lyophyllu

msp1

10

001911

000257

10

000197

0001220

0Mela

noleu

camela

leuca

728

000212

08

34000884

005763

002982

019381

Morchellaela

ta3

17001492

007198

323

000331

003898

001393

022752

Morchellaesculen

ta1

5000

637

004370

16

000110

001017

000

462

00344

4Ph

oliota

lenta

59

000212

001285

511

000552

001864

001968

006153

Pluteuscervinu

s2

6001062

002314

27

000221

001186

000

923

004

004

Ramariasp1

10

000

425

001542

10

000110

0000

689

0Ra

mariasp2

10

000212

01

0000110

0002452

0Ra

mariasp3

10

000212

01

0000110

0001067

0Rh

izopogon

sp

72

001486

000514

62

000

663

000339

003583

001127

Russu

laacrifolia

138

002760085

002057

1911

002099

001864

00944

2017706

Russu

laalbonigra

10

000212

01

0000110

0001295

0Ru

ssulaam

erica

na8

5001699

001285

106

001105

001017

004

834

003830

Russu

labrevipes

613

001274

003342

2317

002541

002881

012273

016697

Russu

laintegra

120

002548

015

0001657

000760

40

Russu

laolivacea

10

000212

01

0000110

0000715

0Ru

ssulaxerampelin

a3

2000

637

000514

52

000552

000339

002379

00200

4Sarcosphaera

coronaria

018

0004

627

031

0005254

0038538

Strophariacoronilla

03

0000771

07

0001186

000344

2Suillus

pseudobrevipes

2212

004

671

003085

3626

003978

004

407

015578

016415

Turbinellus

floccosus

04

0001028

05

0000847

0005469

Trich

olom

aequestre

16

000212

001542

18

000110

001356

000390

004

048

a Sou

theastslo

pebSouthw

estslope


0

005

01

015

02

025

03

035

04

045La

ccar

ia tr

ichod

erm

opho

raSa

rcos

phae

ra co

rona

riaH

elvell

a la

cuno

saH

elvell

a cr

ispa

Mor

chell

a ela

taCl

itocy

be gi

bba

Mela

noleu

ca m

elaleu

caRu

ssula

acr

ifolia

Russu

la b

revi

pes

Suill

us p

seud

obre

vipe

sH

ebelo

ma

mes

opha

eum

Gyro

mitr

a in

fula

Gym

nopu

s dry

ophi

lus

Clav

ulin

a co

rallo

ides

Hyg

roph

orus

chry

sodo

nH

elvell

a ac

etab

ulum

Lact

ariu

s sal

mon

icolo

rPh

olio

ta le

nta

Lyco

perd

on p

erla

tum

Cort

inar

ius g

lauc

opus

Turb

inell

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200

400

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SU6

SU2SU3

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SU5

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5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


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0

02

04

06

08

1

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14

16

RFW-SERSF-SE

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Lacc

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SU5

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200

400

minus200

minus400


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SU6

SU2SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7 SU8











5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology







0

02

04

06

08

1

12

14

16

RFW-SERSF-SE

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Lacc

aria

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la-ju

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llus c

ibar

ius

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opog

on sp



SU1SU6

SU2

SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7

SU8


r = 0923



4 Discussion




PC1

PC2

000

200

400

minus200

minus400


SU1

SU6

SU2SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7 SU8











5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology


SU1SU6

SU2

SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7

SU8


r = 0923



4 Discussion




PC1

PC2

000

200

400

minus200

minus400


SU1

SU6

SU2SU3

SU4

SU5

SU7 SU8











5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology







5 Conclusions




Acknowledgments


References

































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology
































Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology








Volume 2014

Zoology






















Advances in

Virolog y



Volume 2014




Enzyme Research



Microbiology

Documents

Research Article Availability of Wild Edible Fungi in La Malinche …downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2014/241806.pdf · 2019-07-31 · Research Article Availability of Wild Edible Fungi