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RESEARCH ABOUT PRESENTATION WAY OF NEWS ABOUT DISABLED PEOPLE IN NATIONAL TURKISH NEWSPAPERS BECAUSE OF WORLD DISABILITY DAY
MA Student Ebru Karadeniz Istanbul University,Turkey
MA Student Z. Benan Dondurucu Istanbul University, Turkey
[email protected] Ebru KARADENIZ was born in 1988, in Samsun, graduated from Bafra Anadolu High School. She has graduated from Istanbul University, Science Faculty, Departmant of Astronomy and Space Science. She is a MA Students Student in Istanbul University, Communication Faculty, Department of Public Relations. Z. Benan DONDURUCU was born in 1987, in Istanbul, graduated from Mecidiyekoy Anadolu High School. She has graduated from Anadolu University, Communication Science Faculty, Department of Public Relations and Advertisement. She is a MA Student in Istanbul University, Communication Faculty, Department of Public Relations. Abstract
Disability is a general description for people whose movements senses or functions are limited because of physical or mental deformities. Presentation way of disability concept in Mass Circulation Media is an important variable for apprehending society’s perception about disabled people. This research was done about presentation ways of disability news in national Turkish newspapers for conceiving 3 December World Disability Day effect, in 15 November- 15 December 2011 dates, in Turkey. In the first part of the study, disability news presentation ways literature was analysed . In this part, the disability news distribution according to subjects and numeric dispersal were abstracted. In the second part of the study, according to Turkish Press Announcement Association circulation data, the first 5 Turkish national newspapers which daily circulation rates are more than 100.000 were analyzed. In these newpapers , the disability news are abstracted with full enumaration according to the content analysis method. With in the context of this research, the presentation ways of disability concept in printed media was analysed according to news’ numeric distrubition in the selected newspapers, news types, news’ subjects distrubition and the presentation type of news for the all newspapers category and seperate categories for each newspapers. According to study findings, disability news’ numbers increased in the week which consists of 3 December Disability Day in all newspapers category. In this week, the presentation type of the disability news are mostly positive. According to this study findings, “hero” stereotype is the most common used disabled people stereotype in World Disability Week period. This finding shows us the press interest focuses on the disability subject in World Disability Day. Another important finding that we have reached with this study is news numeric distrubition differences about news’ subjects, news presentation types. This findings are discussed according to the newspapers’ general policy and press ethic. Key Words: Disability, 3 December World Disability Day, National Turkish Newspap
INTRODUCTION This study aims to answer the question of the presentation style of disability in Turkish media. The presentation style of disability a topic that attracts society and thus media’s attention greatly. The streotypes and common presentation ways of disabled people in media has to be searched with extreme caution. Because mass circulation vehicles has a vital effect on the society perception about disability. In the first part of study for examining disabled and disability concepts methodologically. Disabled person is a person whose some actions, senses
and functions limited (Oxford Dictionary of English, 2003). Also, in this study handicapped concept was examined within the connection of disability concept. Media has three vital functions like inform, fun and education and a general concept which has visual and hearing vehicles. Because of mass media vehicles manipulative and vital effect, the presentation of disability concept in media has an important effect in Turkish society detection. When we evaluate the media’s role and effectiveness in our daily life; the mass media vehicles are not just basic transfer tools. While the mass media tools transfer or shape an exist situation or event; follows a path which seperates the situation and selects one event – eliminate the other events. (Özerkan, 2001:88). In the first part of article, first disability and disability types are examined. After that, media, presses media and as a mass circulation vehicle newspaper are scrutinized with a literature search and content analysis method. The last part of this article, there will be interpretation about the presentation style of disability in pressed media. Disability and Handicapped Concepts Disabled person is a person whose some actions, senses and functions limited. (Oxford Dictionary of English, 2003).There is a methodologic difference in disability and handicapped concepts. In handicapped people definition, the most attentive point is the insufficiency which effects disabled person’s life’s harmony in daily life. This description has similarity with the concept of movement, senses and functions’restrictions in disability definition. However, disability concept defines a discomfort situation that contains a mental or physcial problem. In addition to this problem, disability concept includes a movement limitation because of social and architectural barriers. Disability Types In this research, the disability situation is examined physical, visual, hearing and mental disability sub-categories: 1.Physical Disability a) Disabled people who can not walk easily b)The disabled people who are dependent to the wheelchairs c)The people who have arms or hand disability. 2. Visual Disability a) People who has problems about seeing b) Blind People 3. Hearing Disability a) People who has problems about hearing b) Deaf People 4. Mental Disability (Aksöz, 2001: 7-8)
Purpose
As a part of this study, the presentation style about disability news between 15 November-15 December dates in national newspapers is aimed to be searched. Hypothesis 1: During November 15- December 15, 2011, in national newspapers, the number of the news about employment of disabled are more than that of the other news. Hypothesis 2: The number of the news about disabled in the newspaper Hurriyet are much more than that of the other examined. Hypotesis 3: The number of the news about disabled in the week that includes the World Disability Day December 3 has increased in compared with the number of the weeks between November 15- December 15, 2011. Methodology
In the first part of this study, for examining the presentation style of disability news in national press, the disability concept and media concept were researched.
In the second part of this study, because of 3 December World Disability Day, in 15 November-15 December 2011 dates, in national press, the news and the presentation way of these news which are connected with disability concept. In the last part of this study, the datas which are reached after this study were interpreted
In the selection process of the newspapers, the 2011 circulation rates of newspapers were examined according to Press and Declaration Association in Turkey. According to circulation average of the January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September and October months; the first 5 newspapers that daily circulation rates are more than 100.000 are selected to research in this study (www.big.gov.tr).
The order of these newspapers
NEWSPAPER NAME DAILY AVARAGE CIRCULATION 1) ZAMAN 992.000 2)POSTA 466.000 3)HÜRRİYET 446.000 4)SABAH 353.000 5)HABERTÜRK 274.000
As a part of this research, the news about disability between 15 November- 15 December dates are collected and sequences according to press dates. With the content analysis method, the all newspaper which are in the scope of disability concept are examined by 2 researchers with full enumaration method. In the interpret of the datas and the validation of the research is enumerated with the comparision of all the news by 2 researchers.
A content analysis table is constituted for examining the disability news. According the this table, all disability news are studied “content of the news, source of the news, subject of the news, the presentation style of the news, the location of the related people view and explanation, the celebrity usage in the news, the fundamental element of disability in the news
and the side element of disability in the news, photo usage in the news, the page and page range of the news and coloumn x centimeter ratio in the news” categories. When the preparation process of the disability news, “the 2003-2006 Years Disability News in Press” study was used as a source and the disability news in October 2011 date was examined.
In this research, the news are examined in the national Turkish newspapers between 15 November-15 December dates. In the national pressed newspapers, the disability news were examined between 15 November- 15 December dates. The 5 national newspapers have more than 100.000 daily circulation rate were examined in this study.In the research, the local newspapers and the newspapers which broadcast online were not part of the study.
The Disability Concept in Media
The perception of the disabled people as unusual has created some streotypes which effects the presentation styles in media. This streotypes are direct results of the mythes that are developed by society about disabled people. The superior image in mass media vehicles is the disabled people are living a tragic and unsuccessful life. The only way to continue a normal life; is having superhuman ability and power. These beliefs conclude two fundemantal presentation ways: victim and hero.We can classify the streotypes about disabled people in mass circulation media:
• Miserable disabled people • Disabled people who are in the center of violence • Inauspicious and sinful disabled people • The people who support the subject and trinket disabled people • People who have super abilities • The disabled people as deriding objects • The disabled people who feel pity for themselves • The disabled people who feel as burdens • The unusual people in sexual view • The unadequate people in social integration • Normal Disabled people . (ÖZİDA, 2011)
Every year in 3 December date, there are organizations about World Disability Day all world. This year, Media Following Center published a report about the presentation ways about disability for the denotation and importance of World Disability Day. The report was prepared according to local, national newspapers, TV channels and internet scrutiny about disability concept. The disabled people population contains a vital part of Turkey general poplulation. According to this research, there are 35.000 media press news in last 6 months. According to this research results, the media vehicle which feature to disabled people is mostly newspapers.
The Presentation Style of Disability in National Turkish Press Media
According to Özida datas, in 2003-2006 dates, the presentation style of disability is given with table and graphics statistically.
The Numerical Distrubiton of Disability News According to Years
The total disability news in press media in 2003-2006 years
According to Prime Ministry Disability Presidency Disabled People Research and Statistical Presidency search, the distrubition of disability news in pressed media is given at the table. When table is examined the total news numbers since 2003 is 7.683. The most of these news (2.166) are pressed the last 6 months of the year 2005. The disability news in the first 6 months period in 2003 is inconsiderable and the total number is 40.
When the table is examined, the pressed news about disability has started to increase since the last 6 months period of the year 2003. Another vital finding from the graphic is the numeric distribution of disability news has increased when we compare the last 6 months of the year with the first 6 months period.
The Distrubition of Disability News According to Subject and Years
NEWS SUBJECTS
2003
FIRST 6 MONTHS
2003
LAST 6 MONTHS
2004
FIRST 6 MONTHS
2004
LAST 6 MONTHS
2005
FIRST 6 MONTHS
2005
LAST 6 MONTHS
2006
FIRST 6 MONTHS TOTAL
Discrimination 0 2 0 8 0 16 2 28 Successful Disabled 4 41 66 155 55 86 60 467
NEWS
NUMBER
2003 F.6. 2003 L.6. 2004 F.6. 2004 L.6. 2005 F.6. 2005 L.6. 2006 F.6.
People The Municipality Service 1 12 20 60 72 124 52 341 Scientific and Technologic Improvements 0 18 30 31 29 28 35 171 The Govermental Endeavour 3 48 26 98 79 195 62 511 Education 1 20 30 82 81 148 114 476 Employment 4 16 9 29 56 109 55 278 Exploitation 0 9 3 11 2 17 2 44 Columinst 0 27 50 63 92 143 99 474 The news about disabled people’s family 2 14 71 104 37 63 31 322 World Disability Day and Special dates 0 64 27 16 36 83 19 245 The negative attitudes to disabled people 7 51 44 125 133 286 120 766 Social Activities-culture-art 8 62 61 430 235 346 180 1.322 Sport news 6 28 61 173 82 185 216 751 Medical Improvements 1 66 160 54 53 108 171 613 The planned projects 1 6 15 46 59 43 20 190 Legal concoction 0 17 17 35 63 83 34 249 Other 2 18 49 32 88 103 43 335 TOTAL 40 519 739 1.552 1.252 2.166 1.315 7.583
2003 yılı başlangıç olarak alınarak 2006 Haziran ayı sonuna kadar toplam yazılı basında çıkan 18 ana haber başlıklarının dağılımları de grafik halinde sunulmuştur. When we evaluate the 2003 and 2006- June period, the 18 main news category about disability concept is presented as a graphic. The main proportion of disability news in press between this period is consisted of social activities. (1.322 news) After the social activities concept, the second biggest proportion is being consisted of the negative attitudes of disabled people with 766 news. (ÖZİDA, 2011)
3.2. The Presentation Style of Disability in National and Local Newspapers
MTM (Medya Takip Merkezi) tarafından medya ve engelliler ilişkisine değinen bir araştırma yapılmıştır. By Media Monitoring Center, a research is done about disability and media affair.
According to results of this study, the %52 percentage of disability news is located in local newspapers. The %48 percentage of disability news is located at national press. The most important vehicle which locates the disability concept is Hurriyet with its local and national press types with 926 news. After that, Habertürk, Sabah, Milliyet and Anayurt are placed in a sequence. Among all magazines, the vehicles which are giving more place to the disability concept are BT Haber, Anne Bebek, Medikongre, Aksiyon and Klass Magazin. (TÜRKİYE HABER AJANSI, 2011)
NEWSPAPERS TOTAL NEWS
NUMBER 1 Hürriyet 926 2 Habertürk 823 3 Sabah 810 4 Milliyet 730 5 Anayurt 607 6 Posta 536 7 Türkiye Gazetesi 476 8 Zaman 404 9 Cumhuriyet 365 10 Haber Vaktim (Ankara local) 344
The results are gathered together according to Media Monitoring Center June-November 2011
dates.
The main way to reach information is mass circulation media vehicles in today. Because of this reason, the disabled people want to know their own voices in media via press. Because of this, the placement of disabled people news in media has a vital meaning in this context. (Yıldırım, 2011:51).
The Presentation Style of Disability Concept in National Newspapers According to World Disability Day.
The research Process: As a part of this study, in 15 November- 15 December 2011 dates, Zaman, Posta, Hurriyet, Sabah and Haberturk newspapers are examined according to 167 disability news by 2 researchers. The admissibility ratio of the research is % 93,2.
FINDINGS
Numeric Distribution of The Examined News According to Newspapers
When we scrutinize the numerical distribution of the disability news in searched newspapers, the total disability news number is 167. Among these news, with 53 news Haberturk took the first place, with 46 news Zaman is in second place, with 34 news Sabah is in the third place. In fourth place, there is Posta with 19 news. Hurriyet was ranked fifth at 15 news.
Distribution of The Examined News Numerically by Week
According to the disability news weekly distribution of all the newspapers examined in the category, The World Disability Day in December 3rd week of November 28 - December 4 dates with 67 news has the highest proportion of news. The week of December 5 –December 1 with 44 news is the second highest number of disabbility news week distrubition. Ranked third in the 31 news reports, of the week of November 21 to November 27 which is the previous week of the World Disability Day.
Distribution of Column x Inches, According To The Examined News
SABAH; 34
POSTA; 19
HURRIYET; 15 HABERTURK; 53
ZAMAN; 46
17 31
67
44
8 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
All Newspapers
The DistribuJon of Weekly News
While the highest ratio of the average ratio of the column x inches is Newspaper Sabah, the lowest ratio is at the Newspaper Haberturk. Newspaper Zaman, while the highest rate of the total distribution of column inches, the lowest ratio appears to the newspaper Hurriyet. 3.2.2. General Results of the Study
• News Content • Source of News • News Topic • Presentation of News Format
• Placing Scientific Information on News
• Opinions and Comments • Using Celebrities on News • Main Factor/ Side Factor as disability • Usage of Photo on News • The Page / Page Range of News
• Ratio of Column x Inches
The research datas were analyzed in all five newspapers one by one and all newspaper category, with the interpretation of the findings obtained results were evaluated on the above topics.
Habert
urk
Zaman
Sabah
Posta
Hurriye
t
38.3 88.4 102.4 67.5 66.7
ALL NEWSPAPERS The distribuJon of rates per Column x Inches
ALL THE
NEW
SPA
PERS
HABE
RTURK
ZAMAN
SABA
H
POSTA
HURR
IYE
T
11859 2928 4067 3482 1282 1000
RATIO OF COLUMN x INCHES
News Contents
Examining of all the newspapers category; • Giving information to the news category is the first rank • Description of event category is the second rank
• There is no significant difference on parts of the process, narrative and statistical data
Source of News
INFO
RMATIVE
EVEN
T
NARR
ATIVE
PROCES
S
STATIST
ICAL
DATA
156 95
17 10 10
ALL NEWSPAPERS NEWS CONTENTS
FIRST HAND SECOND HAND
NO SOURCE
49 41 84
ALL NEWSPAPERS SOURCE OF NEWS
ObservaJon Interview Direct InformaJon
6
43
ALL NEWSPAPERS DISTRIBUTION OF FIRST HAND RESOURCES
New
s Agency
Press
Releases
DescripJo
n
Other
*Outhe
r New
s
*Ankara
*Antalya
*Istanbu
l
*Art and
Cu
lture
*Television
Service
*Kocaeli
24
4 7 2 1 1 1 1
ALL NEWSPAPERS DISTRIBUTION OF SECOND HAND RESOURCES
FIRST HAND SECOND HAND
NO SOURCE
3 9 42
HABERTURK SOURCE OF NEWS
FIRST HAND SECOND HAND
NO SOURCE
25 14 10
ZAMAN SOURCE OF NEWS
FIRST HAND
SECOND HAND
NO SOURCE
13 7 14
SABAH SOURCE OF NEWS
Examining at the distribution of first hand sources about disability concept: Direct Information took first rank in the distribution of first hand sources at the all newspaper, and second rank was Interview category. There isn't any Interview news tyrpes at the Newspapers of Hurriyet and Posta Examining at the distribution of second hand source about disability concept: News Agency took first rank in the distribution of second hand source at the all newspaper, second rank was Other Sources category. News Agency and Other Sources shared first rank at the Newspaper Haberturk. News from News Agency are not included at th Newspaper Sabah. Other Category is first rank. News from News Agency is first rank at the Newspaper Posta. Other category is not included.
News Topics
FIRST HAND
SECOND HAND
NO SOURCE
2 5 13
POSTA SOURCE OF NEWS
FIRST HAND SECOND HAND
NO SOURCE
4 6 5
HURRIYET SOURCE OF NEWS
All the newspapers, the news of Daily Life took in the first place, news of Activity took in the second place, Art and Culture took in third place, Sports news took in the fourth place, the Employment news took in the fifth place.
Everyday Life and Activity news is in first place at the newspaper Haberturk, Art and Culture in second place, third place is located in the Sports News.
Everyday Life is in the first place at Zaman and Sabah newspapers. Art and Culture category is in second place, third place is located by the Sports News.
Everyday Life and Art- Culture news is in the first place at the newspaper Posta, equal distribution of Sports, Activity, Exploitation and Employment news took second place. There is no news in category of education and sports.
Everyday Life and Activity news are in the first place at the newspaper Hurriyet, Exploitation and Employment news are in second place. There are not any other news categories in this newspaper. Presentation of News Format
Health
EducaJ
on
Cultu
re and
Arts
Everyday Life
Sports
Employmen
t
AcJvity
*AcJon
/ walking
*Press re
lease
*The
sym
posium
/
seminar /
*Cerem
ony
*Con
cert /
theater / cine
ma /
*Spo
rts en
coun
ter
or event
*Help / do
naJo
n even
t ExploitaJo
n
Other
*Social
Respon
sibility
6 9
23
43
16 11
2 1 4 6 6 7 6 1
ALL NEWSPAPERS NEWS TOPICS
Presentation news format in all the newspapers positive news is in the first place, neutral news are located in second place, negative news are distributed as third place.
Placing Scientific Information on News
When all the newspapers category is analyzed separately, the number of not giving scientific information is more than the number of giving scientific information.
PosiJve NegaJve Neutral
127 15 17
ALL NEWSPAPERS PRESENTATION NEWS FORMAT
ScienJfic informaJon has been given
ScienJfic informaJon hasn't
been given
18 136
ALL THE NEWSPAPERS PLACING SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION ON NEWS
Develop
ments
related to
diseases and
disability
New
ness in
techno
logical
devices
Social life-‐
enhancing
inno
vaJo
ns
Other
*Research
1 2
12
3
ALL THE NEWSPAPERS TYPES OF SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION
The first rank of Social life-enhancing innovations in all the newspapers category, second in the other category of Research, newness technological devices in third place, took fourth place on the progress about disease.
Social life-enhancing innovations is the first place at the Haberturk and Zaman newspapers, Research is in the second place. Other categories are not placed in these newspaper about disability.
Social life-enhancing innovations, developments on the diseases and research took first place and has equal distribution at the newspaper of Sabah. There is no news about devices in the category of technological innovation.
Social life-enhancing innovations is the first place at the newspapers Posta, newness in technological devices is the second place. There is only the category of newness technological devices at the Hurriyet newspaper.
Opinions and Comments
Opinions and comments about disability are given
Opinions and comments about
disability are not given
61
100
ALL NEWSPAPERS OPINION AND COMMENT
The rate of giving opinions and comment about disability is higher than in the newspapers Haberturk, Sabah, Posta and Hurriyet. But, this situation is opposite in Zaman newspaper. The rate of not giving opinions and comment about disability is higher than that of the newspapers Zaman. Looking at the distribution of types of opinions:
In all the newspapers category, the disabled person himself/herself took first place, minister / ministerial authority took second place, Municipal Authority took third place, Corporate officer working for the disabled people took fourth place, expert doctor took fifth place, Foundation President and teacher took sixth place, relatives took seventh place, university official and library director took eighth place.
At the newspaper Haberturk, minister / ministerial Authority and municipal authority took first place, disabled person and teacher took second place. The other categories are not included.
At the newspaper Sabah, minister / ministerial authority and disabiled person himself/herself took first place. Employee of an association for the disabled people took second place, municipal authority, expert doctor and university officials took third place.
At the newspaper Posta, minister / ministerial authority and disabled person himself/herself took first place, employee of an association for the disabled people took second place.
At the newspaper Hurriyet, minister / ministerial authority and disabled person himself/herself took first place. The other categories are not placed in this newspaper.
At the newspaper Zaman, disabled person himself/herself took first place, municipal authority took second place, employee of an association for the disabled people and expert doctor took third place.
Using Celebrity on News
Minister /
ministerial
Mun
icipal
Autho
rity
Chairm
an of
the
Foun
daJo
n President /
Employee of
associaJ
on
Expert d
octor
University
offi
cials
Disabled
person
Other
* Teache
r
* Re
laJves
* Library
Dire
ctor
16
8 3 5 4
1
18
3 2 1
ALL NEWSPAPERS CORPORATIONS AND PEOPLE
The rate of the non-usage celebrity on news is higher than that of the newspapers Haberturk, Zaman, Sabah and Posta. However, this situation is opposite at the newspaper Hurriyet. The rate of the usage of famous people on news is higher than that of the newspaper Hurriyet.
Looking at the distribution of types of the famous: At the newspaper Haberturk, a known person in politics is the first place, an authorized person of company or institution is the second place, a known person about arts took the third rank.
When The newspaper Zaman is compared to the newspaper Haberturk, a known person about arts or works for company or institution took second rank. The distribution of famous people in the newspaper Sabah is the same as newspaper Haberturk.
At the newspaper Posta, a known person in the field of politics took first rank, a known person in the world of business took second rank. At the newspaper Hurriyet, a known person in the field of politics took first rank, a known person about arts took third rank.
A famous person has been used
A famous person hasn't been used
61
106
ALL NEWSPAPERS USING CELEBRITY ON NEWS
A known person in the field of poliJcs or relaJves
A known person in the arts or relaJves
A known person in the world of business or relaJves
An authorized
of company
or insJtuJon
Other *Famous in sport
31
13 5
11
1
ALL NEWSPAPERS DISTRIBUTION OF CELEBRITY
Disability Usage as Main Factor/ Side Factor
In all the newspapers, disabled people are used mostly as main factor than as side factor.
Usage of Photo on News
At the all newspapers, usage of photos is more than news without photos Looking at the distribution of types of photos: At Haberturk, Zaman, Sabah and Hurriyet, newspapers disabled person photo took first rank, photo is not about disability took second
Disabled people are the main factor on news
Disabled people are the side factor on news
117 31
ALL NEWSPAPERS MAIN FACTOR/ SIDE FACTOR
Photos are used Photos aren't used
151 23
ALL NEWSPAPERS USAGE OF PHOTO ON NEWS
Disabled ph
oto
Event p
hoto
Photo of famou
s pe
ople or
insJtuJo
ns
Peop
le with
disabiliJ
es who
work with
the
insJtuJo
n /
Photo is not abo
ut
disability
77
5 6
63
ALL NEWSPAPERS THE PHOTOS
rank, event photo took third rank. At Posta, photo is not about disability took first rank, disabled photo took second rank.
The Page / Page Range of News
At Haberturk and Hurriyet newspapers, last pages took second rank, first pages took third rank. Usage of first page is more than use of last page at the newspapers Zaman and Sabah. There is not any news about disabilities at the last pages in the newspaper Sabah. At Posta, number of first page news is the same number of last page news.
Hypothesis Testing
• Hypothesis 1: During November 15- December 15, 2011, in national newspapers, the number of the news about employment of disabled are more than that of the other news.
• Hypothesis 1: According to the study the hypothesis disapproved. The news about employment of disabled ranked totally fourth with 11 news. The number of the news about daily life reached the first rank with 43 news.
• Hypothesis 2: The number of the news about disabled in the newspaper Hurriyet are much more than that of the other examined.
• Hypothesis 2: According to the datas obtained from this study, the newspper Haberturk is the first with 53 news and Hurriyet is the last with 15 news. The newspaper Sabah has the highest rate of 102,4 column x centim and Hurriyet has the fourth rate of 66,7 column x centim pn the average, finally the hypothesis disapproved.
• Hypothesis 3: The number of the news about disabled in the week that includes the World Disability Day December 3 has increased in compared with the number of the weeks between November 15- December 15, 2011.
First Page Middle Pages Last Page
7
148
9
ALL THE NEWSPAPERS THE PAGE / PAGE RANGE OF NEWS
• Hypothesis 3: According to the content analysis research, the hypothesis approved. The number of the news between November 28- December 4 including December 3, 2011 is 67. This number is much more than that of the other weeks that examined.
CONCLUSION
Hurriyet took the first rank with the number of news at the survey Center of Media Tracking, but in our research, the newspaper Hurriyet took the last rank with the numbers of news
The survey of Ozida, 2003 - 2006 between the research examined, we see that the first rank in the distribution of the subjects of news reports is culture and art. In our study which is between months of November and December of 2011, everyday life news ranks first, culture and art news ranks second. This situation shows us that there isn't a great change with the distribution of subject of news media's presentation of the disabled within five years.
When we look at the news about the disability concept in November 15- December 15 2011, the week of The World Disabled Day has the biggest numbers of news. In news, there is accretion of the disability news in the week that includes the World Disabled Day. In the following week the news numbers about disability gradually decrease. This shows that the mass media vehicles makes disability news densely in special days and weeks.
When we look the distribution of news about disability from November to December 2011, we can see that the number of positive news is much more and the image of the hero intensively are used.
Newspapers have subjective evaluation of the presentation of disability. Zaman indicates a high rate of disability news which the disabled person himself/herself or the relatives share their ideas and news distribution style has been found that more space is first-hand sources. This data shows that the newspaper Zaman has provided disabled people more opportunities to express themselves.
Disability concept is used as a side element in most news in Sabah. There is not any news from news agencies in this newspaper about disabled people. This situation had taken over the newspaper Sabah, disability is an indication of the subject along with other topics.
The distribution of subjects are limited according to the other newspapers in Hurriyet. However, the usage of celebrity on news in the newspaper Hurriyet is more than the other newspapers. That shows us that, the newspaper Hurriyet densely uses magazine items on disabled news.
In the newspaper Haberturk, we can read a lot of news about disabled, but in details of the news they give their corporate opinions and explanations about the news rather than the opinion of the disabled people. According to these findings, the presentation style of disabled concept was not given from the angle of disabled person, but from the angle of charitable corporation.
In Posta, the usage of photo not about disabled ranked first. We can say that, in the topic about disabled people, Posta gives less place to the photos of the disabled people. In addition, at Posta, the celebrity usage is not so high. This finding indicates us that, Posta does not densely use magazine items on disabled news.
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REFERENCES • Özerkan, Ş. A. “ Medya, Dil ve İletişim” Martı Yayınevi.İstanbul. 2001.
• Özüdoğru Erdoğan, Halide Nur. “Engelliler ve Ailelerinin Yaşadığı Sorunlar “. Özveri Dergisi.
• Handicap İnternational “Özürlü Kişilere Uyarlanmış Yapı” Çev. Enis Aksöz. İstanbul. 2001.
• Yıldırım, Ş.B. Engellilere İlişkin Haberlerin Hak Haberciliği Bağlamında Değerlendirilmesi.
Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü: Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Eskişehir.
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• Basın İlan Kurumu:www.big.gov.tr