Required Communications with ATC

8/10/2019 Required Communications with ATC

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Required

Communicationswith ATC...


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References

FAA Handbook 7110.65L

Pilot/Controller Glossary Aeronautical Information

Manual

FAR Part 91


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FAR 91.117b Aircraft

Speed Unless otherwise authorized or

required by ATC, no person may

operate an aircraft at or below2,500 feet AGL within 4 NM of

the primary airport in Class C or

D airspace at an indicated

airspeed of more than 200 knots.


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FAR 91.123

Compliance with ATCclearances and

instructions.

(a) When an ATC clearance has

been obtained, no pilot in

command may deviate from that

clearance unless an amended

clearance is obtained, an

emergency exist, or the deviation

is in response to a traffic alert

and collision avoidance system

resolution advisory.


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FAR 91.123Compliance with ATC

clearances and

instructions.

(cont.) When a pilot isuncertain of an ATC

clearance, that pilot shall

immediately request

clarification from ATC.


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FAR 91.123

Compliance with ATCclearances and

instructions.

c. Each pilot in command

who, in an emergency, or in

response to a TCASresolution advisory, deviates

from an ATC clearance or

instruction shall notify ATC of

that deviation as soon as

possible.


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FAR 91.126 Operating onor in the vicinity of an airport in

Class G airspace.

d. Communications with

control towers. Unless

otherwise authorized or

required by ATC, no person

may operate an aircraft to,

from , through, or on anairport having an operational

control tower unless two-way

radio communications are

maintained with the control

tower.


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Kissimmee Airport is an example of

an airport with a control tower

located in Class G airspace.


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Class G airspace.

d. Communications with

control towers.

Communications must be

established prior to 4 NM

from the airport, up to and

including 2,500 AGL.


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Class E airspace.

c. Communications with

control towers. Exactly the

same as 91.126


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FAR 91.129 Operations

in Class D airspace.

c. Communications. Each

person operating an aircraft

in Class D airspace must

meet the following two-way

radio communications

requirements:


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Arrival or through flight.

Each person must establish

two-way radio

communications with the

ATC facility providing ATC

services prior to entering thatairspace and thereafter

maintain those

communications while within

that airspace.


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Departing Flight. Eachperson

from the primary airport orsatellite airport with anoperating control tower mustestablish and maintain two-

way radio communicationswith the control tower, andthereafter as instructed byATC while operating in the

Class D airspace area;or


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Departing Flight.

Departing from a satelliteairport without an operating

control tower, must establish

and maintain two-way radio

communication with the ATCfacility having jurisdiction over

the Class D airspace as soon

as practicable after departing.


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Takeoff, landing, taxi

clearance. No person may,

at any airport with an

operating control tower,

operate an aircraft on a

runway or taxiway, takeoff orland an aircraft, unless an

appropriate clearance is

received from ATC.


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in Class C airspace.

Each person operating an

aircraft in Class C airspace

must meet the following two-

way radio communications

requirements.

SAME AS CLASS DAIRSPACE BUT

PERTAINING TO CLASS C

AIRSPACE


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in Class B airspace.

No person may operate an

aircraft within Class B

airspace except in

compliance with FAR 91.129

(class D airspace) and the

following rules.


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in Class B airspace.

The operator must receive an

ATC clearance from the ATC

facility having jurisdiction for

that area before operating an

aircraft in that area.


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FAR 91.183 IFR

Communications

The pilot in command of

each aircraft operated under

IFR in controlled airspace

shall have a continuous

watch maintained on the

appropriate frequency andshall report by radio as soon

as possible----


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FAR 91.183 IFR

Communications

The time and altitude of

passing each designated

reporting point, or the

reporting points specified by

ATC, except that while the

aircraft is under radar control,only the passing of those

reporting points specifically

requested by ATC need be

reported.


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FAR 91.183 IFR

Communications

Any unforecast weather

conditions encountered

AND

Any other information relating

to the safety of flight


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AERONAUTICAL

INFORMATION

MANUAL

The AIM containspertinent information

concerning almost allaspects of aviationsafety.

It also contains theexact pilot/controllerglossary that airtraffic controllers

have in theirhandbook.


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Land and Hold Short

Operations

Controllers need a full read

back of all Land and Hold

Short Operations including

the phrase of Hold Short of

(runway, taxiway, or point)


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Taxi Instructions

Pilots should always

readback the runway

assignment when taxiinstructions are received

from the controller.

Pilots should always read

back any hold short

instructions, particularly

those concerning runways.

Controllers are required toconfirm any runway hold

short assignments


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Readback of ATC

Clearances and Instructions

Pilots of airborne aircraft

should read back those parts

of ATC clearances and

instructions containing

altitude assignments or

vectors as a means of mutualverification.


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Readback of ATC


The readback of the

numbers serves as a

double check between pilots

and controllers and reduces

the kinds of communication

errors that occur when anumber is either misheard or

is incorrect.


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Readback of ATC


Precede or append the

readback or acknowledge

instructions with the aircraft

identification. This aids

controllers in determining

that the correct aircraftreceived the clearance or

instruction.


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Readback of ATC


Readback altitudes, altitude

restrictions, and vectors in

the same sequence as they

are given in the clearance or

instruction.

Altitudes contained incharted procedures, such as

SIDs, instrument

approaches, etc.., should notnormally be read back unless

they are specifically stated by

the controller.


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IFR Clearance VFR-

On-Top

Pilots who receive a VFR-

On-Top/VFR Conditions

clearance must comply with

the IFR flight rules that apply

to that flight such as.

minimum IFR altitudes

position reporting

radio communications

course to be flown report leaving an altitude


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REPORT ALWAYS REQUIRED

When vacating any

previously assigned altitudefor a newly assigned altitude.


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When an altitude change willbe made if operating on aclearance specifying VFR-On-Top/VFR Conditions


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When unable to

climb/descend at a rate ofleast 500 feet per minute.

Katana eight charlie

tango, climb and

maintain one four

thousand.

I think I can

I think I can


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Approach, Air Force One is missed

approach requesting vectors for the

ILS again.

When approach has been

missed, along with your

intentions.


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Change in the average trueairspeed (at cruising altitude)when it varies by 5% or 10knots (whichever is greater)from that filed in the flightplan.


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Approach, Navajo niner

Whiskey Tango, entering

holding over Herny at zero

one three zero, level four

thousand.

The time and altitude upon

reaching a holding fix or point. When leaving any assigned

holding fix or point.


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Any loss, in controlled airspace,of VOR, TACAN, ADF, LF,

complete or partial loss of ILScapability or any impairment onair/ground communicationscapability. Reports should

include aircraft identification,equipment affected, degree towhich the capability to operateunder IFR is impaired and thenature and extent of assistance

desired from ATC.


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Any information relating to the

safety of flight to include,

weather conditions which were not

forecasted.

hazardous conditions which were

forecasted and encountered.


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Report Required WHEN NOT IN

RADAR CONTACT

A corrected estimate anytime it

becomes apparent that the

previous estimate is in error bymore than 3 minutes.

When leaving the final approach

fix inbound on the final approach

of a non-precision approach.

Leaving the outer marker (or fix

used in lieu of) inbound on final

approach of a precisionapproach.


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This is what the Controller

Handbook says about Pilot

Acknowledgment and/or

Readback

When issuing clearances or

instructions, ensure

acknowledgment by the pilot.

If altitude, heading, or other

items are read back by the

pilot, ensure the read back iscorrect. If incorrect or

incomplete, make corrections

as appropriate.


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If altitude, heading, or other items are read backby the pilot, ensure the read back is correct. Ifincorrect or incomplete, make corrections as

appropriate.

The statement says if, meaning that

other than a required report, thereadback of altitude, heading or other

items in a clearance may be

acknowledged if you are sure what the

clearance was.

Furthermore, if you read back the

altitude but not the other items in the

clearance, the controller will ensure

that you have the rest of the

information understood. This may be done by re-issuing the

clearance or asking you to readback all

of the clearance.


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RADIO MESSAGE FORMAT

Initial Callup (Towers*, or after

a handoff)

The name of the facility that you

are calling.

Your full aircraft identification.

Your message. the word over if you think it is

necessary.

* Towers refer to all operating positions in the

control tower... Clearance Delivery, Ground

Control, Local Control.


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Initial Callup (Center,

Approach Control or FSS)

The name of the facility that

you are calling.


(FSS) the frequency you arelistening on.

the word over if you think it is

necessary.


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After Initial Callup (Center,

Approach Control or FSS)


Your message*.

The word over if you think it

necessary.

* The message should include your

position, alititude, and what you want

to do.


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RADIO COMMUNICATIONS

TIPS

Do not shorten your aircraftidentification until the

controller does.

Be alert to the description ofyour aircraft using aircraft

type and color. Do not sit on microphone or

wedge it against your leg or awindshield.

Use a headset. If you donthave one, buy one!!


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RADIO COMMUNICATIONS

TIPS

Especially in a terminal

environment, listen to all

communications, not just

those directed to you. This

will allow you to develop a

mental picture of what isgoing on around you.


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Any Questions?


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Please take out a sheet of

paper, put your name on it,

and number it 1 4 .


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Question #1

You are chatting with your

friends in the back seatwhile on vectors for the ILS

into Sanford. You hear a

callsign that sounded like

yours and an ILS approachclearance issued. Nobody

responds to it. What should

you do?


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A. Ignore the call

B. Acknowledge the approach

clearance with your call sign.

C. Ask for a verification that the

clearance was for you.

D. Readback all of the control

instructions and acknowledge the

approach clearance with your callsign.

E. Continue chatting with your

friends.


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Question #2

You are on vectors for the

NDB approach into Orlando

Executive Airport. Approachcontrol gives you the

following clearance:

Seneca 45MT, 5 miles from

HERNY, turn right headingzero six zero, maintain 2,000

until established on final

approach course, cleared

NDB runway 7 approach.How should you

acknowledge the clearance?


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A. Seneca 45MT, roger.

B. Seneca 45MT, heading zero

six zero, 2,000 until established,

cleared approach.

C. Seneca 45MT.

D. All of the above.

E. None of the above.


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Question #3

You are at Salt Lake City

International and ready fortakeoff on runway 16R. You

call the tower advising that

you are ready and the tower

replies, Arrow 55130, holdshort, traffic one mile final.

How should you

acknowledge this?


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A. Arrow 55130, roger.

B. Arrow 55130, holding short.

C. No reply is necessary.

D. Arrow 55130, I can take animmediate departure.



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Question #4

You call for taxi instructions

from the west ramp atOrlando Executive Airport.

Ground control says,

November one three zero,

runway two five, taxi viaGolf, Juliett and Alpha, hold

short of runway one three.

How should you respond?


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A. November one three zero, runwaytwo five, taxi via Golf, Juliett and

Alpha.

B. November one three zero, holdshort of runway one three.

C. November one three zero, runwaytwo five

D. November one three zero, runwaytwo five, hold short of runway onethree

E. Nothing, because the controllerdoesnt know what he is talking

about.


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Please pass your papers forward.

Now, lets see how you did!


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Question #1

You are chatting with your

friends in the back seatwhile on vectors for the ILS

into Sanford. You hear a

callsign that sounded like

yours and an ILS approachclearance issued. Nobody

responds to it. What should

you do?


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A. Ignore the call

B. Acknowledge the approach

clearance with your call sign.

C. Ask for a verification

that the clearance was foryou.

D. Readback all of the control

instructions and acknowledge theapproach clearance with your call

sign.

E. Continue chatting with yourfriends.


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Even though you did not hearan acknowledgment from

another aircraft does notmean that it was not done. Ifthat clearance was issued toan aircraft that was on

another frequency, youwould not hear that reply. Itis best to wait a fewmoments then ask if that

clearance was directed toyou. In many cases, if thecontroller did not get theacknowledgment, they will

re-issue the clearance beforeyou ask.


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Question #2

You are on vectors for the

NDB approach into Orlando

Executive Airport. Approachcontrol gives you the

following clearance:

Seneca 45MT, 5 miles from

HERNY, turn right headingzero six zero, maintain 2,000

until established on final

approach course, cleared

NDB runway 7 approach.How should you

acknowledge the clearance?


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A. Seneca 45MT, roger.

B. Seneca 45MT, heading zero

six zero, 2,000 until established,

cleared approach.

C. Seneca 45MT.

D. All of the above.



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Answer C is the easiest.

Answer A only adds theword Roger which meansthat you have received thelast transmission....nothing

more, nothing less. It is notto be used as a Yes or Noanswer.

Answer B is the best if you

are not sure you understoodall of the content of yourclearance. This would allowthe controller to catch anymistakes.


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Question #3

You are at Salt Lake City

International and ready fortakeoff on runway 16R. You

call the tower advising that

you are ready and the tower

replies, Arrow 55130, holdshort, traffic one mile final.

How should you

acknowledge this?


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A. Arrow 55130, roger.

B. Arrow 55130, holding short.

C. No reply is necessary.

D. Arrow 55130, I can take animmediate departure.



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Even though answer B

seems to be correct, thecontroller handbook specifiesthat controllers must requesta read back of runway hold

short instructions when it isnot received from the pilot. Ifyou use answer B, thecontroller may accept it

because of frequencycongestion, but then carefullywatch you to make sure youdont move. So, it is best to

state the runway in readingback those instructions.


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Question #4

You call for taxi instructions

from the west ramp atOrlando Executive Airport.

Ground control says,

November one three zero,

runway two five, taxi viaGolf, Juliett and Alpha, hold

short of runway one three.

How should you respond?


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A. November one three zero, runwaytwo five, taxi via Golf, Juliett and

Alpha.

B. November one three zero, holdshort of runway one three.

C. November one three zero, runwaytwo five

D. November one three

zero, runway two five, holdshort of runway one three

E. Nothing, because the controllerdoesnt know what he is talkingabout.


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D is the most correct.

Pilots must state theirassigned takeoff runwayand

any runway hold short

instructions.

Documents

Required Communications with ATC