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Reproduction
Humans
Sexual Reproduction Involves _____ parents Increases genetic _________
REVIEW
Gametogenesis is the formation of male and female ________________.Female = ____________Male = ______________
Occurs by the process of __________Reduces chromosome # by ___________
Male Reproductive System
Male Reproductive System
TestesMale gonadsMakes spermContained in scrotum
Male Reproductive System
Vas DeferensCarries sperm from testes to urethraWhen this tube is cut, it is called a vasectomy
Male Reproductive System
Prostate GlandSecretes a fluid that nourishes sperm and
produces semenSeminal Vesicle makes fluid that contains
proteins, enzymes, fructose, mucus, vitamin C and other chemicals.
Male Reproductive System
PenisDeposits sperm into female reproductive tract
Female Reproductive System
Female Reproductive System
OvariesFemale gonadsMake eggs (contained in follicles)Once a woman stops making viable eggs, she
is no longer fertile and has gone through menopause
Fun Fact: A girl is born with about 400,000 immature ova already formed in the ovaries. Only about 400 will mature into eggs in her lifetime.
Female Reproductive System
Fallopian Tubes/OviductEgg is pulled into oviduct by ciliaSite of fertilization
Female Reproductive System
Uterus (womb)Muscular organ where fertilized egg implants
and developsCervix is opening to uterus
It dilates during birth
Female Reproductive System
VaginaPassageway for spermBirth canal
Female Reproductive System
Menstrual CycleBegins between ages of 10-14A mature egg is released from follicle in ovary
every 27-30 days
Female Reproductive System
Menstrual Cycle (continued) 4 Stages
1. Follicle Stage Egg matures in ovary
2.Ovulation Follicle bursts & egg is released
3. Corpus Luteum Stage Hormones cause progesterone to be made, which stimulates
thickening of uterine wall 4. Menstruation
Shedding of uterine wall (if fertilized egg is not present)
Fertilization
Egg and Sperm meet in oviduct Zygote is formed Zygote undergoes mitosis (cleavage) and
becomes embryo
Development
1. Zygote 7. Blastula 11. Gastrula
Gastrula
Ectoderm-Skin and Nervous System
Mesoderm-Muscles and Heart
Endoderm-Digestive Tract and Respiratory System
Development
Twins Identical Twins:
1 egg and 1 sperm Fertilized egg splits
Fraternal Twins: 2 eggs and 2 sperm
Development
Once the zygote travels to the uterus, it implants itself in the uterine wall.
The placenta provides an exchange of materials between the mother and embryo.Placenta is connected to embryo by umbilical
cord
Development
External Fertilization/Development
In fish, external fertilization and development
Internal Fertilization/External Development Frogs and Birds
Chicken Egg Anatomy
Developing Chicken Embryo
Asexual Reproduction
Mitosis produces exact copies
Involves 1 “parent”
Types of Asexual Reproduction
Binary Fission Budding Sporulation Regeneration Parthenogenisis Vegetative Propogation
Binary Fission
Budding
Sporulation
Regeneration
Parthenogenesis
Certain organisms can reproduce without fertilizationEx. Bees, worms, snails, etc.
Vegetative Propagation
Plants (aka vegetables) can reproduce new offspring without fertilizationRunnersBulbsTubersCuttingsGrafting
Runners
Stems grow out of the existing stems
Bulbs
Bulbous root is underground and stores food and sprouts a new plant
Tubers
Underground root that has stored starch which is used to feed new growths
Cuttings and Grafting
Cuttings and graftings are “artificial”Cuttings use a part of the root, stem or leaf to
re-grow a new plant.Graftings take a cutting from one plant and
attaches it to a different plant
Cuttings
Grafting
Grafting
