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 ANALYSIS DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS PROJECT REPORT  BASAVANAND B.N. DARSHAN B.B. FARAAN KHAN FAY-YAADH HAQUE GUIDED BY  ASST. PROF. MOHAMMAD ISMAIL

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 ANALYSIS DESIGN AND

ESTIMATION OF

TRANSMISSION TOWERSPROJECT REPORT 

BASAVANAND B.N.

DARSHAN B.B.

FARAAN KHAN

FAY-YAADH HAQUE

GUIDED BY

 ASST. PROF. MOHAMMAD ISMAIL

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ABSTRACT

In the presented report a transmission tower has been analysed in SAP software. The

transmission tower in interest is a tower designed for transmission of micro waves for cellular

communication. The tower has been analysed for wind loads and self weight.

The tower has also been designed according to code. Apart from analysis and designing, the

estimation of the cost of the tower has been done.

The usage of SAP software has been learnt in order to use it for analysing and designing the

tower.

Various books, thesis and reports have been studied for the better understanding of the

 project. These materials have been referred time to time in order to aid us with the work.

A few site visits to the towers has been made to enhance ideas and to gain practicalknowledge. A site visit to KPTCL Bangalore, Major Works Division was made to learn more

about transmission towers.

The aim of project is to analyse, design and estimate a transmission tower for various loads.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We express our sincere thanks to Dr. A. N. N. Murthy, Principal, Dayananda Sagar

College of Engineering, Bangalore  for granting us permission to undertake this VTU

 prescribed project. 

We would like to express our gratitude and thanks to Dr. H. K. RAMARAJU, HOD, Civil

Engineering Department, for his valuable suggestions and encouragement throughout the

 project. 

Our sincere thanks to Project Guide Mr. Mohammad Ismail, Asst. Prof., Civil Engineering

Department, for his proficient guidance and unrelenting assistance, which helped us

complete the project successfully. 

We would also like to thank all the staff members and non-teaching staff of the Department

of Civil Engineering for the help rendered in the successful completion of this project.

Also a mention of thanks to Mr. Pasha of KPTCL, Bangalore Major Works Division for

taking out time from his hectic schedule to demonstrate us the various on-goings of their unit.

Finally we express our sincere thanks to all those who have helped us directly or indirectly

towards the appropriate finishing of this project. 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

CONTENTS

1)  INTRODUCTION

2)  ANATOMY OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS

3)  TYPES OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS

4)  DESIGN OF TOWER

5)  TYPES OF LOADS

6)  DIFFERENT SYSTEMS

7)  MODELING IN SAP

8)  PROBLEM DEFINITION

9)  ANALYSIS RESULTS

10) COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF TOWERS

11) DESIGN OF MEMBERS

12) ESTIMATION

13) SITE VISIT

14) CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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1. INTRODUCTION

A transmission tower is a tall structure, usually a steel lattice tower, used to support an

overhead power line. They are used in high-voltage AC and DC systems, and come in a wide

variety of shapes and sizes. Typical height ranges from 15 to 55 meters. Apart from steel,other materials may be used, including concrete and wood.

Similarly telecommunication towers are, typically, tall structures designed to support

antennas for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television. They are among the

tallest man-made structures. Similar structures include electricity pylons and towers for wind

turbines.

The steel lattice is the most widespread form of construction. It provides great strength, low

weight and wind resistance, and economy in the use of materials. Lattices of triangular cross-

section are most common, and square lattices are also widely used. When built as a stayedmast, usually the whole mast is parallel-sided. One exception is the Blaw-Knox type.

When built as a tower, the structure may be parallel-sided or taper over part or all of its

height. When constructed of several sections which taper exponentially with height, in the

manner of the Eiffel Tower, the tower is said to be an Eiffelized one. The Crystal Palace

tower in London is an example.

SAP2000:V.15 Software

SAP is structural analysis software which constitutes an analysis engine and design tools for

the design of all types of civil engineering structures. It provides a 3D based graphicalmodelling environment to a variety of analysis and design. Rapid structural modelling can be

achieved intuitively with SAP software. The advanced analytical techniques allow step by

step large deformation analysis, Eigen and Ritz analysis, cable analysis, tension or

compression analysis.

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2. ANATOMY OF THE TOWER

Fig 2.1: Anatomy of Tower

A power transmission tower consists of the following parts,

1) Peak of transmission tower

2) Cross Arm of transmission tower

3) Boom of transmission tower

4) Cage of transmission tower

5) Transmission Tower Body

6) Leg of transmission tower

7) Stub/Anchor Bolt and Base plate 

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Peak of Transmission Tower

The portion above the top cross arm is called peak of transmission tower. Generally

earth shield wire connected to the tip of this peak.

Cross Arm of Transmission tower

Cross arms of transmission tower hold the transmission conductor. The dimension of

cross arm depends on the level of transmission voltage, configuration and minimum

forming angle for stress distribution.

Cage of Transmission Tower

The portion between tower body and peak is known as cage of transmission tower.

This portion of the tower holds the cross arms.

Transmission Tower Body

The portion from bottom cross arms up to the ground level is called transmission tower

 body. This portion of the tower plays a vital role for maintaining required ground

clearance of the bottom conductor of the transmission line. 

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3. TYPES OF TOWERS

Types of transmission towers-the types of transmission towers are classified as following

 based on

1)  Type of Insulator

•  Suspension

•  Tension/Dead end

•  Transposition

2)  Type of Support

•  Self Supporting

•  Guyed

3)  Shape at the base

•  Square

•  Rectangle

Fig 3.1: Guyed Tower

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Fig 3.2: Guyed Tower

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Fig 3.3: Tension Tower

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Fig 3.4: Self-supported Suspension Tower

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Fig 3.5: Vertical Configuration Tower

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Fig 3.6: Horizontal Configuration Tower

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4. DESIGN OF THE TOWER

  Height of the Tower

To determine the actual transmission tower height by considering the above points, we have

divided the total height of tower in four parts,

1. Minimum permissible ground clearance (H1)

2. Maximum sag of the conductor (H2)

3. Vertical spacing between top and bottom conductors (H3)

4. Vertical clearance between ground wire and top conductor (H4).

Fig 4.1: Transmission Tower

Height of the tower is calculated by the following formula,

4321   hhhh H   

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  Determination of Base Width

T

The base width (at the concrete level) is the distance between the centre of gravity at one

corner leg and the centre of gravity of the adjacent corner leg. A particular base width which

gives the minimum total cost of the tower and foundations should be selected. The ratio of

 base width to total tower height for most towers is generally about one-fifth to one-tenth. Following formula is used to calculate the base width,

  Determination of Weight of Tower

From knowledge of the positions of conductors & ground wire above ground level &

overturning moments. Ryle gives empirical formula in term of its height & maximum

overturning moment at base 

  Loads on Towers

The towers are invariably analysed as trusses, the loads are applied at joints and the members

are designed as either ties or as struts. The loads on the towers consist of:

(1) Member weights

(2) Platform and railing weights

(3) Antenna weights

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(4) Land lift loads

(5) Gusset and secondary bracings

(6) Wind loads

(7) Seismic loads

(8) Lifting or hoisting loads

(9) Dynamic effects

(10) Erection loads and

(11) Live loads

The first five sets of loads are fixed type of which member weights are design dependents

while the rest are based on functional aspect. Wind and seismic loads are the most important

of all and often control design. The seismic load may not be critical as the mass of control

design. The seismic loads may not be critical as the mass of the structure is not heavy and

near the ground. Dynamic effects due to wind become critical in slender and tall towers. In

most cases of towers up to 100m height the dynamic effect may not control the design. Live

loads on towers are negligible when compared with the other loads.

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5. TYPES OF LOADS1.  Wind Load

Wind load is a function of several parameters and some of them were already discussed. A

 brief revision is made here with specific reference to towers. Wind speed at any place can be

expressed as:

v z= k 1*k 2*k 3*vb

where,

V b = Basic Wind Speed of the place 

K 1= Probability Factor or Risk Coefficient and taken as

= 1.05 for all Important Towers

= 0.83 for Temporary Towers

= 1.0 for Sign PostsK 2= Terrain, Height and Structure Size Factor. For towers such as transmission, TV, radio,

microwave towers, the values are given in the following table.

Table: Design wind speed coefficient to obtain wind speeds at different heights for towers

Height in meters Open

(category 1)

Semi-open

(category 2)

Within city

(category 3)

10 1.102 1.050 0.924

20 1.176 1.125 1.03

50 1.26 1.299 1.176

100 1.323 1.302 1.26150 1.365 1.344 1.302

200 1.386 1.365 1.344

250 1.407 1.386 1.355

300 1.418 1.407 1.376

400 1.45 1.44 1.386

500 1.47 1.46 1.428

K 3= Topography Factor and it varies from 1 to 1.40 depending on the topography

K 3= 1 in Plain Lands

The design wind pressure is obtained as

 p=0.6*(Vz)2

where,

 p= Design Wind Pressure in N/m2

Vz= Design Wind Speed in m/s

The entire country is divided into six zones based on wind speed and basic wind pressure at

different heights can be obtained from the previous equation. The wind force on the membersis given by

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 F= A*C  P *p

where, 

F=obstruction areaC p= net wind force coefficient which depends on the solidity ratio of the panel or structure.

2.  Special Loads

In addition to the weather related loads, transmission line structures are designed for special

loads that consider security and safety aspects of the line. These include security loads for

 preventing cascading type failures of the structures and construction and maintenance loads

that are related to personnel safety.

3.  Security Loads

Longitudinal loads may occur on the structures due to accidental events such as broken

conductors, broken insulators, or collapse of an adjacent structure in the line due to an

environmental event such as a tornado. Regardless of the triggering event, it is important that

a line support structure be designed for a suitable longitudinal loading condition to provide

adequate resistance against

Cascading type failures in which a larger number of structures fail sequentially in the

longitudinal direction or parallel to the line. For this reason, longitudinal loadings are

sometimes referred to as ―ant cascading‖, ―failure containment‖, or ―security loads‖. There are two basic methods for reducing the risk of cascading failures, depending on the

type of structure, and on local conditions and practices. These methods are: (1) design all

structures for broken wire loads and (2) install stop structures or guys at specified intervals.

4.  Construction and Maintenance Loads

Construction and maintenance(C&M) loads are, to a large extent, controllable and are

directly related to construction and maintenance methods. A detailed discussion on these

types of loads is included in the Loading Guide, and Occupation Safety and Health Act

(OSHA) documents. It should be emphasized, however, that workers can be seriously injured

as a result of structure overstress during C&M operations; therefore, personnel safety should

 be a paramount factor when establishing C&M loads. Accordingly, the Loading Guide

recommends that the specified C&M loads be multiplied by a minimum load factor of 1.5 incases where the loads are ―static‖ and well defined; and by a load factor of 2.0 when the loads

are ―dynamic‖, such as those associated with moving wires during stringing operations.

5.  Vertical Loads

The vertical load on supporting structures consists of the weight of the structure plus the

superimposed weight, including all wires, ice coated where specified. Vertical load of wire

Vw in. (lb/ft) is given by the following equations:

Vw D wt. of bare wire .lb=f t/ C 1:24.d C I/I (15.1) where d D diameter of wire (in.) I D ice

thickness (in.) Vertical wire load on structure (lb) D Vw _ vertical design span _ load factor

(15.2) Vertical design span is the distance between low points of adjacent spans and isindicated.

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6.  Transverse Loads

Transverse loads are caused by wind pressure on wires and structure, and the transverse

component of the line tension at angles.

7.  Transverse Load Due to Line Angle

Where a line changes direction, the total transverse load on the structure is the sum of the

transverse wind load and the transverse component of the wire tension. The transverse

component of the tension may be of significant magnitude, especially for large angle

structures. To calculate the total load, a wind direction should be used which will give the

maximum resultant load considering the effects on the wires and structure.

8.  Longitudinal Loading

There are several conditions under which a structure is subjected to longitudinal loading:

Dead-end Structures — These structures are capable of withstanding the full tension of the

conductors and shield wires or combinations thereof, on one side of the structure.

Stringing —  Longitudinal load may occur at any one phase or shield wire due to a hang-up in

the blocks during stringing. The longitudinal load is taken as the   stringing tension for the

complete phase (i.e., all subconductors strung simultaneously) or a shield wire. In order to

avoid any prestressing of the conductors, stringing tension is typically limited to the

minimum tension required to keep the conductor from touching the ground or any

obstructions. Based on common practice and according to the IEEE ―Guide to the Installation

of Overhead Transmission Line Conductors‖ stringing tension is generally about one-half ofthe sagging tension. Therefore, the longitudinal stringing load is equal to 50% of the initial,

unloaded tension at 60_F.Longitudinal Unbalanced Load — Longitudinal unbalanced forces

can develop at the structures due to various conditions on the line. In rugged terrain, large

differentials in adjacent span lengths, combined with inclined spans, could result in

significant longitudinal unbalanced load under ice and wind conditions. Non-uniform loading

of adjacent spans can also produce longitudinal unbalanced loads. This load is based on an

ice shedding condition where ice is dropped from one span and not the adjacent spans.

Reference [12] includes software that is commonly used for calculating unbalanced loads on

the structure.

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The advantage of this system is that the horizontal struts are supported at mid length by the

diagonals. Like the Pratt system, this arrangement is also used for the bottom two or three

 panels in conjunction with the Warren system for the other panels. It is especially useful for

heavy river-crossing towers.

Where, p = longitudinal spacing (stagger), that is, the distance between two

Successive holes in the line of holes under consideration,

g = transverse spacing (gauge), that is, the distance between the same two

Consecutive holes as for p, and

d = diameter of holes.

For holes in opposite legs of angles, the value of 'g' should be the sum of the gauges from the

 back of the angle less the thickness of the angle.

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7. MODELING IN SAP

  Analysis of transmission tower

In the early years of transmission tower design, the transmission engineer used

graphical analysis methods that were developed to a professional-art for application to

three dimensional space truss towers. The method of analysis for transmission line

towers has advanced since the use of these graphical procedures. With the

introduction of the computer, mainframe computer analysis capabilities using

structural matrix algorithms were developed. BPA's Tower computer program was

one of the original programs developed specifically for transmission line latticed

structures. Now with the analytical power of personal computers, PC, the availability

of tower analysis computer programs are numerous, such as BPA's Tower, PLSTower, GT Tower, etc. The standard of practice for analysis of lattice steel

transmission line towers is a three-dimensional truss analysis. The structural computer

model is based on the tension and compression behavior of the individual tower

members. These tower analysis programs are based on linear elastic structural

 performance, whereby members are assumed to be axially loaded and to have pinned

connections. The member forces determined from the computer model are compared

to the allowable member capacities. In special cases, a three-dimensional frame model

may be required to provide necessary information on the member forces, including

 bending moments. With the maturity of the transmission tower engineering professionand the advances in PC analytical solution power, the transmission engineer can now

 push the margin of analysis beyond the simple truss model. The uses of the simple

truss model is still the main analysis tool of the transmission engineer, but advanced

tools for evaluating the performance of space truss towers, including effects other

than simple truss action, are now being utilized. This paper presents an advanced

transmission tower analysis by a computer program of SAP.

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8. DEFINITION OF PROBLEM

A four legged transmission tower has been analysed and designed for transmission of micro

waves for telecommunication.

The tower is steel lattice tower of height 56m. The tower has been constructed in an open

field, and the land conforms to zone 3 of the wind zones. The average velocity of the wind is

44m/s

Dimensions of the transmission tower

Height of the transmission tower=56m

Top width of the tower=2m

Base width of the tower=8m

 No of panels= 10 panels

Type of bracing-the type of bracing used is XB type bracing

Material used-the material used for the transmission tower is mild steel.

Method of Analysis  –   the transmission tower has been modelled and analysed using SAP

software. The model prepared is simple line model.

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9. ANALYSIS RESULTS

1. Model geometry 

This section provides model geometry information, including items such as joint coordinates,

 joint restraints, and element connectivity.

Figure 9.1: Finite element model

XY   XZY   Z

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Fig 9.2: Top View

1.1.  Joint coordinates

Table 1: Joint CoordinatesJoint Coord Sys Coord Type Global X Global Y Global Z

mm mm mm

1 GLOBAL Cartesian -4000.00 -4000.00 0.00

2 GLOBAL Cartesian -3250.00 -3250.00 5000.00

3 GLOBAL Cartesian -3250.00 0.00 5000.00

4 GLOBAL Cartesian 0.00 -3250.00 5000.00

5 GLOBAL Cartesian -4000.00 4000.00 0.00

6 GLOBAL Cartesian -3250.00 3250.00 5000.00

7 GLOBAL Cartesian 0.00 3250.00 5000.00

8 GLOBAL Cartesian 4000.00 -4000.00 0.00

9 GLOBAL Cartesian 3250.00 -3250.00 5000.00

10 GLOBAL Cartesian 3250.00 0.00 5000.00

11 GLOBAL Cartesian 4000.00 4000.00 0.00

12 GLOBAL Cartesian 3250.00 3250.00 5000.00

13 GLOBAL Cartesian -2500.00 -2500.00 10000.00

14 GLOBAL Cartesian -2500.00 0.00 10000.0015 GLOBAL Cartesian 0.00 -2500.00 10000.00

16 GLOBAL Cartesian -2500.00 2500.00 10000.00

17 GLOBAL Cartesian 0.00 2500.00 10000.00

18 GLOBAL Cartesian 2500.00 -2500.00 10000.00

19 GLOBAL Cartesian 2500.00 0.00 10000.00

20 GLOBAL Cartesian 2500.00 2500.00 10000.00

21 GLOBAL Cartesian -1750.00 -1750.00 15000.00

22 GLOBAL Cartesian -1750.00 1750.00 15000.00

23 GLOBAL Cartesian 1750.00 -1750.00 15000.00

24 GLOBAL Cartesian 1750.00 1750.00 15000.00

25 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 20000.00

26 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 20000.00

27 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 20000.00

28 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 20000.00

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29 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 26000.00

30 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 26000.00

31 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 26000.00

32 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 26000.00

33 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 32000.00

34 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 32000.00

35 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 32000.0036 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 32000.00

37 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 38000.00

38 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 38000.00

39 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 38000.00

40 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 38000.00

41 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 44000.00

42 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 44000.00

43 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 44000.00

44 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 44000.00

45 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 50000.00

46 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 50000.00

47 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 50000.00

48 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 50000.00

49 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 56000.00

50 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 56000.00

51 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 56000.00

52 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 56000.00

1.2 Frame Section Assignments 

Fig 9.3: Frame Section Assignments

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2. Material properties

This section provides material property information for materials used in the model.

Table 2 : Material Properties- Basic Mechanical Properties

Material UnitWeight UnitMass E1 G12 U12 A1KN/mm3 KN-s2/mm4 KN/mm2 KN/mm2 1/C

Fe345 7.6973E-08 7.8490E-12 210.00000 80.76923 0.300000 1.1700E-05

Table 3: Material Properties- Steel DataMaterial Fy Fu FinalSlope

KN/mm2 KN/mm2

Fe345 0.34500 0.45000 -0.100000

3.  Section properties 

This section provides section property information for objects used in the model.

3.1. Frames

Table 4: Frame Section Properties- General, Part 1 of 3SectionName Material Shape t3 t2 tf tw I23 Area

mm mm mm mm mm4 mm2

ISA100X100X10 Fe345 Angle 100.000 100.000 10.000 10.000 1065789.47 1903.00

ISA100X100X12 Fe345 Angle 100.000 100.000 12.000 12.000 1235744.72 2259.00ISA100X100X6 Fe345 Angle 100.000 100.000 6.000 6.000 683195.90 1167.00

ISA100X100X8 Fe345 Angle 100.000 100.000 8.000 8.000 881666.68 1539.00

ISA100X65X10 Fe345 Angle 100.000 65.000 10.000 10.000 518951.61 1551.00

ISA100X65X6 Fe345 Angle 100.000 65.000 6.000 6.000 340084.92 955.00

ISA100X65X8 Fe345 Angle 100.000 64.800 8.000 8.000 431911.84 1257.00

ISA100X75X10 Fe345 Angle 100.000 75.000 10.000 10.000 664772.73 1650.00

ISA100X75X12 Fe345 Angle 100.000 75.000 12.000 12.000 765276.10 1956.00

ISA100X75X6 Fe345 Angle 100.000 75.000 6.000 6.000 431760.37 1014.00

ISA100X75X8 Fe345 Angle 100.000 75.000 8.000 8.000 553652.70 1336.00

ISA110X110X10 Fe345 Angle 110.000 110.000 10.000 10.000 1440476.19 2106.00

ISA110X110X12 Fe345 Angle 110.000 110.000 12.000 12.000 1676082.75 2502.00

ISA110X110X15 Fe345 Angle 110.000 110.000 15.000 15.000 1997606.71 3081.00

ISA110X110X8 Fe345 Angle 110.000 110.000 8.000 8.000 1187626.43 1702.00

ISA125X75X10 Fe345 Angle 125.000 75.000 10.000 10.000 922080.59 1902.00

ISA125X75X6 Fe345 Angle 125.000 75.000 6.000 6.000 595191.71 1166.00

ISA125X75X8 Fe345 Angle 125.000 75.000 8.000 8.000 765527.35 1538.00

ISA125X95X10 Fe345 Angle 125.000 95.000 10.000 10.000 1381882.44 2102.00

ISA125X95X12 Fe345 Angle 125.000 95.000 12.000 12.000 1606379.26 2498.00

ISA125X95X6 Fe345 Angle 125.000 95.000 6.000 6.000 881552.31 1286.00

ISA125X95X8 Fe345 Angle 125.000 95.000 8.000 8.000 1140336.10 1698.00

ISA130X130X10 Fe345 Angle 130.000 130.000 10.000 10.000 2433600.00 2506.00

ISA130X130X12 Fe345 Angle 130.000 130.000 12.000 12.000 2846559.77 2982.00

ISA130X130X15 Fe345 Angle 130.000 130.000 15.000 15.000 3420956.63 3681.00

ISA130X130X8 Fe345 Angle 130.000 130.000 8.000 8.000 1996346.06 2022.00

ISA150X115X10 Fe345 Angle 150.000 115.000 10.000 10.000 2486029.41 2552.00

ISA150X115X12 Fe345 Angle 150.000 115.000 12.000 12.000 2907409.19 3038.00

ISA150X115X15 Fe345 Angle 150.000 115.000 15.000 15.000 3493125.00 3752.00

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ISA150X115X8 Fe345 Angle 150.000 115.000 8.000 8.000 2039661.51 2058.00

ISA150X150X10 Fe345 Angle 150.000 150.000 10.000 10.000 3801724.14 2903.00

ISA150X150X12 Fe345 Angle 150.000 150.000 12.000 12.000 4463437.65 3459.00

ISA150X150X15 Fe345 Angle 150.000 150.000 15.000 15.000 5395559.21 4278.00

ISA150X150X18 Fe345 Angle 150.000 150.000 18.000 18.000 6255957.32 5079.00

ISA150X75X10 Fe345 Angle 150.000 75.000 10.000 10.000 1190406.98 2156.00

ISA150X75X12 Fe345 Angle 150.000 75.000 12.000 12.000 1377570.47 2562.00ISA150X75X8 Fe345 Angle 150.000 75.000 8.000 8.000 986474.67 1742.00

ISA200X100X10 Fe345 Angle 200.000 100.000 10.000 10.000 2948275.86 2903.00

ISA200X100X12 Fe345 Angle 200.000 100.000 12.000 12.000 3446666.78 3459.00

ISA200X100X15 Fe345 Angle 200.000 100.000 15.000 15.000 4138157.89 4278.00

ISA200X150X10 Fe345 Angle 200.000 150.000 10.000 10.000 5867647.06 3400.00

ISA200X150X12 Fe345 Angle 200.000 150.000 12.000 12.000 6908165.92 4056.00

ISA200X150X15 Fe345 Angle 200.000 150.000 15.000 15.000 8387126.87 5025.00

ISA200X150X18 Fe345 Angle 200.000 150.000 18.000 18.000 9768794.97 5976.00

ISA200X200X12 Fe345 Angle 200.000 200.000 12.000 12.000 10931134.41 4661.00

ISA200X200X15 Fe345 Angle 200.000 200.000 15.000 15.000 13334415.58 5780.00

ISA200X200X18 Fe345 Angle 200.000 200.000 18.000 18.000 15608167.19 6881.00

ISA200X200X25 Fe345 Angle 200.000 200.000 25.000 25.000 20416666.67 9380.00

ISA20X20X3 Fe345 Angle 20.000 20.000 3.000 3.000 2343.24 112.00

ISA20X20X4 Fe345 Angle 20.000 20.000 4.000 4.000 2844.44 145.00

ISA25X25X3 Fe345 Angle 25.000 25.000 3.000 3.000 4827.13 141.00

ISA25X25X4 Fe345 Angle 25.000 25.000 4.000 4.000 5991.85 184.00

ISA25X25X5 Fe345 Angle 25.000 25.000 5.000 5.000 6944.44 225.00

ISA30X20X3 Fe345 Angle 30.000 20.000 3.000 3.000 4394.68 141.00

ISA30X20X4 Fe345 Angle 30.000 20.000 4.000 4.000 5426.09 184.00

ISA30X20X5 Fe345 Angle 30.000 20.000 5.000 5.000 6250.00 225.00

ISA30X30X3 Fe345 Angle 30.000 30.000 3.000 3.000 8632.90 173.00

ISA30X30X4 Fe345 Angle 30.000 30.000 4.000 4.000 10864.29 226.00

ISA30X30X5 Fe345 Angle 30.000 30.000 5.000 5.000 12784.09 277.00

ISA35X35X3 Fe345 Angle 35.000 35.000 3.000 3.000 14041.79 203.00

ISA35X35X4 Fe345 Angle 35.000 35.000 4.000 4.000 17836.74 266.00

ISA35X35X5 Fe345 Angle 35.000 35.000 5.000 5.000 21201.92 327.00

ISA35X35X6 Fe345 Angle 35.000 35.000 6.000 6.000 24145.90 386.00

ISA40X25X3 Fe345 Angle 40.000 25.000 3.000 3.000 9846.77 188.00

ISA40X25X5 Fe345 Angle 40.000 25.000 5.000 5.000 14583.33 302.00

ISA40X25X6 Fe345 Angle 40.000 25.000 6.000 6.000 16423.73 356.00

ISA40X40X3 Fe345 Angle 40.000 40.000 3.000 3.000 21335.07 234.00

ISA40X40X4 Fe345 Angle 40.000 40.000 4.000 4.000 27284.21 307.00

ISA40X40X5 Fe345 Angle 40.000 40.000 5.000 5.000 32666.67 378.00

ISA40X40X6 Fe345 Angle 40.000 40.000 6.000 6.000 37491.89 447.00

ISA45X30X3 Fe345 Angle 45.000 30.000 3.000 3.000 15946.88 218.00

ISA45X30X4 Fe345 Angle 45.000 30.000 4.000 4.000 20269.01 286.00

ISA45X30X5 Fe345 Angle 45.000 30.000 5.000 5.000 24107.14 352.00

ISA45X30X6 Fe345 Angle 45.000 30.000 6.000 6.000 27469.57 416.00ISA45X45X3 Fe345 Angle 45.000 45.000 3.000 3.000 30793.97 264.00

ISA45X45X4 Fe345 Angle 45.000 45.000 4.000 4.000 39581.69 347.00

ISA45X45X5 Fe345 Angle 45.000 45.000 5.000 5.000 47647.06 428.00

ISA45X45X6 Fe345 Angle 45.000 45.000 6.000 6.000 55000.45 507.00

ISA50X30X3 Fe345 Angle 50.000 30.000 3.000 3.000 18540.59 234.00

ISA50X30X4 Fe345 Angle 50.100 30.000 4.000 4.000 23672.75 307.00

ISA50X30X5 Fe345 Angle 50.000 30.000 5.000 5.000 28125.00 378.00

ISA50X30X6 Fe345 Angle 50.000 30.000 6.000 6.000 32108.11 447.00

ISA50X50X3 Fe345 Angle 50.000 50.000 3.000 3.000 42699.74 295.00

ISA50X50X4 Fe345 Angle 50.000 50.000 4.000 4.000 55104.17 388.00

ISA50X50X5 Fe345 Angle 50.000 50.000 5.000 5.000 66611.84 479.00

ISA50X50X6 Fe345 Angle 50.000 50.000 6.000 6.000 77234.04 568.00

ISA55X55X10 Fe345 Angle 55.000 55.000 10.000 10.000 153140.63 1002.00

ISA55X55X5 Fe345 Angle 55.000 55.000 5.000 5.000 90029.76 527.00

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ISA55X55X6 Fe345 Angle 55.000 55.000 6.000 6.000 104755.17 626.00

ISA55X55X8 Fe345 Angle 55.000 55.000 8.000 8.000 131024.02 818.00

ISA60X40X5 Fe345 Angle 60.000 40.000 5.000 5.000 60789.47 476.00

ISA60X40X6 Fe345 Angle 60.000 40.000 6.000 6.000 70314.90 565.00

ISA60X40X8 Fe345 Angle 60.000 40.000 8.000 8.000 86817.39 737.00

ISA60X60X10 Fe345 Angle 60.000 60.000 10.000 10.000 204545.45 1100.00

ISA60X60X5 Fe345 Angle 60.000 60.000 5.000 5.000 118369.57 575.00ISA60X60X6 Fe345 Angle 60.000 60.000 6.000 6.000 138126.32 684.00

ISA60X60X8 Fe345 Angle 60.000 60.000 8.000 8.000 173828.57 896.00

ISA65X45X5 Fe345 Angle 65.000 45.000 5.000 5.000 83571.43 526.00

ISA65X45X6 Fe345 Angle 65.000 45.000 6.000 6.000 97073.44 625.00

ISA65X45X8 Fe345 Angle 65.000 45.000 8.000 8.000 120957.35 817.00

ISA65X65X10 Fe345 Angle 65.000 65.000 10.000 10.000 266263.02 1200.00

ISA65X65X5 Fe345 Angle 35.000 35.000 5.000 5.000 21201.92 625.00

ISA65X65X6 Fe345 Angle 65.000 65.000 6.000 6.000 177909.99 744.00

ISA65X65X8 Fe345 Angle 65.000 65.000 8.000 8.000 225033.20 976.00

ISA70X45X10 Fe345 Angle 70.000 45.000 10.000 10.000 157500.00 1052.00

ISA70X45X5 Fe345 Angle 70.000 45.000 5.000 5.000 93068.18 552.00

ISA70X45X6 Fe345 Angle 70.000 45.000 6.000 6.000 108198.17 656.00

ISA70X45X8 Fe345 Angle 70.000 45.000 8.000 8.000 135067.29 858.00

ISA70X70X10 Fe345 Angle 70.000 70.000 10.000 10.000 339230.77 1302.00

ISA70X70X5 Fe345 Angle 70.000 70.000 5.000 5.000 191689.81 677.00

ISA70X70X6 Fe345 Angle 70.000 70.000 6.000 6.000 224668.66 806.00

ISA70X70X8 Fe345 Angle 70.000 70.000 8.000 8.000 285387.88 1058.00

ISA75X50X10 Fe345 Angle 75.000 50.000 10.000 10.000 211956.52 1152.00

ISA75X50X5 Fe345 Angle 75.000 50.000 5.000 5.000 123046.88 602.00

ISA75X50X6 Fe345 Angle 75.000 50.000 6.000 6.000 143508.41 716.00

ISA75X50X8 Fe345 Angle 75.000 50.000 8.000 8.000 180384.62 938.00

ISA75X75X10 Fe345 Angle 75.000 75.000 10.000 10.000 424386.16 1402.00

ISA75X75X5 Fe345 Angle 75.000 75.000 5.000 5.000 237607.76 727.00

ISA75X75X6 Fe345 Angle 75.000 75.000 6.000 6.000 278964.85 866.00

ISA75X75X8 Fe345 Angle 75.000 75.000 8.000 8.000 355642.61 1138.00

ISA80X50X10 Fe345 Angle 80.000 50.000 10.000 10.000 233333.33 1202.00

ISA80X50X5 Fe345 Angle 80.000 50.000 5.000 5.000 135000.00 627.00

ISA80X50X6 Fe345 Angle 80.000 50.000 6.000 6.000 157548.39 746.00

ISA80X50X8 Fe345 Angle 80.000 50.000 8.000 8.000 198295.08 978.00

ISA80X80X10 Fe345 Angle 80.000 80.000 10.000 10.000 522666.67 1505.00

ISA80X80X12 Fe345 Angle 80.000 80.000 12.000 12.000 599870.29 1781.00

ISA80X80X6 Fe345 Angle 80.000 80.000 6.000 6.000 341361.05 929.00

ISA80X80X8 Fe345 Angle 80.000 80.000 8.000 8.000 436547.37 1221.00

ISA90X60X10 Fe345 Angle 90.000 60.000 10.000 10.000 385714.29 1401.00

ISA90X60X12 Fe345 Angle 90.000 60.000 12.000 12.000 439513.06 1657.00

ISA90X60X6 Fe345 Angle 90.000 60.000 6.000 6.000 255150.01 865.00

ISA90X60X8 Fe345 Angle 90.000 60.000 8.000 8.000 324304.23 1137.00

ISA90X90X10 Fe345 Angle 90.000 90.000 10.000 10.000 762352.94 1703.00ISA90X90X12 Fe345 Angle 90.000 90.000 12.000 12.000 880007.17 2019.00

ISA90X90X6 Fe345 Angle 90.000 90.000 6.000 6.000 492703.47 1047.00

ISA90X90X8 Fe345 Angle 90.000 90.000 8.000 8.000 633306.98 1379.00

Table 5: Frame Section Properties- General, Part 2 of 3SectionName TorsConst I33 EccV2 I22 AS2 AS3

mm4 mm4 mm mm4 mm2 mm2

ISA100X100X10 63333.33 1770000.00 0.000 1770000.00 1000.00 1000.00ISA100X100X12 108288.00 2070000.00 0.000 2070000.00 1200.00 1200.00

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ISA100X100X6 13968.00 1113000.03 0.000 1113000.03 600.00 600.00

ISA100X100X8 32768.00 1451000.06 0.000 1451000.06 800.00 800.00

ISA100X65X10 51666.67 1531999.97 0.000 507000.01 1000.00 650.00

ISA100X65X6 11448.00 966999.97 0.000 324000.02 600.00 390.00

ISA100X65X8 26760.53 1259000.02 0.000 419000.02 800.00 518.40

ISA100X75X10 55000.00 1603999.94 0.000 769000.02 1000.00 750.00

ISA100X75X12 93888.00 1875000.00 0.000 895000.00 1200.00 900.00ISA100X75X6 12168.00 1009000.02 0.000 487000.01 600.00 450.00

ISA100X75X8 28501.33 1316000.06 0.000 632999.99 800.00 600.00

ISA110X110X10 70000.00 2383999.94 0.000 2383999.94 1100.00 1100.00

ISA110X110X12 119808.00 2796000.06 0.000 2796000.06 1320.00 1320.00

ISA110X110X15 230625.00 3373999.94 0.000 3373999.94 1650.00 1650.00

ISA110X110X8 36181.33 1950000.00 0.000 1950000.00 880.00 880.00

ISA125X75X10 63333.33 3002999.88 0.000 815999.98 1250.00 750.00

ISA125X75X6 13968.00 1878000.03 0.000 515999.98 750.00 450.00

ISA125X75X8 32768.00 2455000.00 0.000 671999.97 1000.00 600.00

ISA125X95X10 70000.00 3257999.88 0.000 1626999.97 1250.00 950.00

ISA125X95X12 119808.00 3826000.06 0.000 1903999.94 1500.00 1140.00

ISA125X95X6 15408.00 2031999.97 0.000 1020999.98 750.00 570.00

ISA125X95X8 36181.33 2660000.00 0.000 1333000.03 1000.00 760.00

ISA130X130X10 83333.33 4027000.1 0.000 4027000.1 1300.00 1300.00

ISA130X130X12 142848.00 4737999.88 0.000 4737999.88 1560.00 1560.00

ISA130X130X15 275625.00 5745999.76 0.000 5745999.76 1950.00 1950.00

ISA130X130X8 43008.00 3282999.88 0.000 3282999.88 1040.00 1040.00

ISA150X115X10 85000.00 5732999.88 0.000 2933999.94 1500.00 1150.00

ISA150X115X12 145728.00 6765000.00 0.000 3452999.88 1800.00 1380.00

ISA150X115X15 281250.00 8235000.00 0.000 4186000.06 2250.00 1725.00

ISA150X115X8 43861.33 4657000.12 0.000 2388999.94 1200.00 920.00

ISA150X150X10 96666.67 6224000.24 0.000 6224000.24 1500.00 1500.00

ISA150X150X12 165888.00 7354000.24 0.000 7354000.24 1800.00 1800.00

ISA150X150X15 320625.00 8967999.88 0.000 8967999.88 2250.00 2250.00

ISA150X150X18 548208.01 10489000.24 0.000 10489000.24 2700.00 2700.00

ISA150X75X10 71666.67 4991000.06 0.000 853000.03 1500.00 750.00

ISA150X75X12 122688.00 5870000.00 0.000 995000.00 1800.00 900.00

ISA150X75X8 37034.67 4072000.12 0.000 701999.97 1200.00 600.00

ISA200X100X10 96666.67 12100000.00 0.000 2692000.12 2000.00 1000.00

ISA200X100X12 165888.00 14316999.51 0.000 2461999.97 2400.00 1200.00

ISA200X100X15 320625.00 17505000.00 0.000 2981000.06 3000.00 1500.00

ISA200X150X10 113333.33 13779000.24 0.000 6695999.76 2000.00 1500.00

ISA200X150X12 194688.00 16349000.24 0.000 7932000.12 2400.00 1800.00

ISA200X150X15 376875.00 20055999.76 0.000 9699000.24 3000.00 2250.00

ISA200X150X18 645408.02 23593999.02 0.000 11369000.24 3600.00 2700.00

ISA200X200X12 223488.01 17889000.24 0.000 17889000.24 2400.00 2400.00

ISA200X200X15 433125.00 21976999.51 0.000 21976999.51 3000.00 3000.00

ISA200X200X18 742608.03 25886999.51 0.000 25886999.51 3600.00 3600.00ISA200X200X25 1953125.00 34363000.49 0.000 34363000.49 5000.00 5000.00

ISA20X20X3 333.00 4000.00 0.000 4000.00 60.00 60.00

ISA20X20X4 768.00 5000.00 0.000 5000.00 80.00 80.00

ISA25X25X3 423.00 8000.00 0.000 8000.00 75.00 75.00

ISA25X25X4 981.33 10000.00 0.000 10000.00 100.00 100.00

ISA25X25X5 1875.00 12000.00 0.000 12000.00 125.00 125.00

ISA30X20X3 423.00 12000.00 0.000 4000.00 90.00 60.00

ISA30X20X4 981.33 15000.00 0.000 5000.00 120.00 80.00

ISA30X20X5 1875.00 19000.00 0.000 6000.00 150.00 100.00

ISA30X30X3 513.00 14000.00 0.000 14000.00 90.00 90.00

ISA30X30X4 1194.67 18000.00 0.000 18000.00 120.00 120.00

ISA30X30X5 2291.67 21000.00 0.000 21000.00 150.00 150.00

ISA35X35X3 603.00 23000.00 0.000 23000.00 105.00 105.00

ISA35X35X4 1408.00 29000.00 0.000 29000.00 140.00 140.00

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ISA35X35X5 2708.33 35000.00 0.000 35000.00 175.00 175.00

ISA35X35X6 4608.00 41000.00 0.000 41000.00 210.00 210.00

ISA40X25X3 558.00 30000.00 0.000 9000.00 120.00 75.00

ISA40X25X5 2500.00 46000.00 0.000 14000.00 200.00 125.00

ISA40X25X6 4248.00 54000.00 0.000 16000.00 240.00 150.00

ISA40X40X3 693.00 34000.00 0.000 34000.00 120.00 120.00

ISA40X40X4 1621.33 45000.00 0.000 45000.00 160.00 160.00ISA40X40X5 3125.00 54000.00 0.000 54000.00 200.00 200.00

ISA40X40X6 5328.00 63000.00 0.000 63000.00 240.00 240.00

ISA45X30X3 648.00 44000.00 0.000 15000.00 135.00 90.00

ISA45X30X4 1514.67 57000.00 0.000 20000.00 180.00 120.00

ISA45X30X5 2916.67 69000.00 0.000 24000.00 225.00 150.00

ISA45X30X6 4968.00 80000.00 0.000 28000.00 270.00 180.00

ISA45X45X3 783.00 50000.00 0.000 50000.00 135.00 135.00

ISA45X45X4 1834.67 65000.00 0.000 65000.00 180.00 180.00

ISA45X45X5 3541.67 79000.00 0.000 79000.00 225.00 225.00

ISA45X45X6 6048.00 92000.00 0.000 92000.00 270.00 270.00

ISA50X30X3 693.00 59000.00 0.000 16000.00 150.00 90.00

ISA50X30X4 1623.47 77000.00 0.000 21000.00 200.40 120.00

ISA50X30X5 3125.00 93000.00 0.000 25000.00 250.00 150.00

ISA50X30X6 5328.00 109000.00 0.000 29000.00 300.00 180.00

ISA50X50X3 873.00 69000.00 0.000 69000.00 150.00 150.00

ISA50X50X4 2048.00 91000.00 0.000 91000.00 200.00 200.00

ISA50X50X5 3958.33 110000.00 0.000 110000.00 250.00 250.00

ISA50X50X6 6768.00 129000.00 0.000 129000.00 300.00 300.00

ISA55X55X10 33333.33 262999.99 0.000 262999.99 550.00 550.00

ISA55X55X5 4375.00 147000.00 0.000 147000.00 275.00 275.00

ISA55X55X6 7488.00 172999.99 0.000 172999.99 330.00 330.00

ISA55X55X8 17408.00 220000.00 0.000 220000.00 440.00 440.00

ISA60X40X5 3958.33 169000.00 0.000 60000.00 300.00 200.00

ISA60X40X6 6768.00 199000.00 0.000 70000.00 360.00 240.00

ISA60X40X8 15701.33 254000.00 0.000 80000.00 480.00 320.00

ISA60X60X10 36666.67 347999.99 0.000 347999.99 600.00 600.00

ISA60X60X5 4791.67 192000.01 0.000 192000.01 300.00 300.00

ISA60X60X6 8208.00 226000.00 0.000 226000.00 360.00 360.00

ISA60X60X8 19114.67 290000.00 0.000 290000.00 480.00 480.00

ISA65X45X5 4375.00 221000.00 0.000 86000.00 325.00 225.00

ISA65X45X6 7488.00 260000.00 0.000 101000.00 390.00 270.00

ISA65X45X8 17408.00 332000.01 0.000 128000.00 520.00 360.00

ISA65X65X10 40000.00 450000.00 0.000 450000.00 650.00 650.00

ISA65X65X5 2708.33 247000.01 0.000 247000.01 175.00 175.00

ISA65X65X6 8928.00 291000.00 0.000 291000.00 390.00 390.00

ISA65X65X8 20821.33 374000.02 0.000 374000.02 520.00 520.00

ISA70X45X10 35000.00 492999.99 0.000 156000.00 700.00 450.00

ISA70X45X5 4583.33 272000.01 0.000 88000.00 350.00 225.00ISA70X45X6 7848.00 320000.00 0.000 103000.00 420.00 270.00

ISA70X45X8 18261.33 410000.00 0.000 131000.00 560.00 360.00

ISA70X70X10 43333.33 572000.01 0.000 572000.01 700.00 700.00

ISA70X70X5 5625.00 311000.00 0.000 311000.00 350.00 350.00

ISA70X70X6 9648.00 367999.99 0.000 367999.99 420.00 420.00

ISA70X70X8 22528.00 474000.02 0.000 474000.02 560.00 560.00

ISA75X50X10 38333.33 622999.99 0.000 217999.99 750.00 500.00

ISA75X50X5 5000.00 340999.98 0.000 122000.00 375.00 250.00

ISA75X50X6 8568.00 402999.99 0.000 143000.00 450.00 300.00

ISA75X50X8 19968.00 517999.99 0.000 182999.99 600.00 400.00

ISA75X75X10 46666.67 714000.02 0.000 714000.02 750.00 750.00

ISA75X75X5 6041.67 387000.01 0.000 387000.01 375.00 375.00

ISA75X75X6 10368.00 457000.01 0.000 457000.01 450.00 450.00

ISA75X75X8 24234.67 590000.00 0.000 590000.00 600.00 600.00

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ISA80X50X10 40000.00 746999.97 0.000 221000.00 800.00 500.00

ISA80X50X5 5208.33 405999.98 0.000 123000.00 400.00 250.00

ISA80X50X6 8928.00 480000.00 0.000 144000.00 480.00 300.00

ISA80X50X8 20821.33 619000.02 0.000 185000.00 640.00 400.00

ISA80X80X10 50000.00 876999.97 0.000 876999.97 800.00 800.00

ISA80X80X12 85248.00 1019000.02 0.000 1019000.02 960.00 960.00

ISA80X80X6 11088.00 560000.00 0.000 560000.00 480.00 480.00ISA80X80X8 25941.33 725000.00 0.000 725000.00 640.00 640.00

ISA90X60X10 46666.67 1109000.02 0.000 390999.98 900.00 600.00

ISA90X60X12 79488.00 1291000.06 0.000 452000.01 1080.00 720.00

ISA90X60X6 10368.00 705999.98 0.000 252000.01 540.00 360.00

ISA90X60X8 24234.67 915000.00 0.000 324000.02 720.00 480.00

ISA90X90X10 56666.67 1266999.97 0.000 1266999.97 900.00 900.00

ISA90X90X12 96768.00 1478999.94 0.000 1478999.94 1080.00 1080.00

ISA90X90X6 12528.00 800999.98 0.000 800999.98 540.00 540.00

ISA90X90X8 29354.67 1041999.97 0.000 1041999.97 720.00 720.00

Table 6: Frame Section Properties- General, Part 3 of 3Section Name S33 S22 Z33 Z22 R33 R22

mm3 mm3 mm3 mm3 mm mm

ISA100X100X10 24720.67 24720.67 24700.00 24700.00 30.498 30.498

ISA100X100X12 29237.29 29237.29 29200.00 29200.00 30.271 30.271

ISA100X100X6 15184.18 15184.18 15200.00 15200.00 30.882 30.882

ISA100X100X8 20041.44 20041.44 20000.00 20000.00 30.705 30.705

ISA100X65X10 18303.46 15044.51 23100.00 10400.00 31.428 18.080

ISA100X65X6 11336.46 9788.52 14200.00 6400.00 31.821 18.419

ISA100X65X8 14899.41 12774.39 18700.00 8500.00 31.648 18.257

ISA100X75X10 19925.47 17842.23 23600.00 13800.00 31.179 21.588

ISA100X75X12 23525.72 21158.39 27900.00 16300.00 30.961 21.391ISA100X75X6 12274.94 10846.33 14400.00 8500.00 31.545 21.915

ISA100X75X8 16186.96 14386.36 19100.00 11200.00 31.385 21.767

ISA110X110X10 30101.01 30101.01 30100.00 30100.00 33.645 33.645

ISA110X110X12 35663.27 35663.27 35700.00 35700.00 33.429 33.429

ISA110X110X15 43648.12 43648.12 43700.00 43700.00 33.092 33.092

ISA110X110X8 24375.00 24375.00 24400.00 24400.00 33.848 33.848

ISA125X75X10 27960.89 19245.28 36300.00 14200.00 39.735 20.713

ISA125X75X6 17213.57 12740.74 22200.00 8700.00 40.133 21.037

ISA125X75X8 22689.46 16192.77 29400.00 11500.00 39.953 20.903

ISA125X95X10 32225.52 28950.18 37800.00 22900.00 39.369 27.821

ISA125X95X12 38145.56 34368.23 44800.00 27100.00 39.136 27.608

ISA125X95X6 19766.54 17603.45 23100.00 14000.00 39.750 28.177

ISA125X95X8 26104.02 23385.97 30600.00 18500.00 39.580 28.019ISA130X130X10 42749.47 42749.47 42700.00 42700.00 40.087 40.087

ISA130X130X12 50728.05 50728.05 50700.00 50700.00 39.861 39.861

ISA130X130X15 62321.04 62321.04 62300.00 62300.00 39.509 39.509

ISA130X130X8 34557.89 34557.89 34500.00 34500.00 40.294 40.294

ISA150X115X10 47068.96 42215.83 54900.00 33800.00 47.397 33.907

ISA150X115X12 55909.09 50335.27 65300.00 40200.00 47.189 33.714

ISA150X115X15 68739.57 62106.83 80400.00 49400.00 46.849 33.402

ISA150X115X8 37954.36 33934.66 44200.00 27200.00 47.570 34.071

ISA150X150X10 56892.14 56892.14 56900.00 56900.00 46.303 46.303

ISA150X150X12 67716.39 67716.39 67700.00 67700.00 46.109 46.109

ISA150X150X15 83500.93 83500.93 83500.00 83500.00 45.785 45.785

ISA150X150X18 98766.48 98766.48 98700.00 98700.00 45.444 45.444

ISA150X75X10 37274.09 16033.83 51600.00 14500.00 48.114 19.891

ISA150X75X12 44102.18 18391.87 61200.00 17100.00 47.866 19.707

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ISA150X75X8 30230.14 13422.56 41700.00 11800.00 48.348 20.074

ISA200X100X10 67259.59 38678.16 92800.00 26200.00 64.561 30.452

ISA200X100X12 79983.24 34921.98 110600.00 31100.00 64.336 26.679

ISA200X100X15 98453.32 41518.11 136500.00 38300.00 63.968 26.397

ISA200X150X10 83559.73 74317.42 98300.00 58300.00 63.660 44.378

ISA200X150X12 99689.03 88923.77 117400.00 69600.00 63.489 44.222

ISA200X150X15 123194.10 110215.91 145399.99 86000.00 63.176 43.933ISA200X150X18 146002.47 131130.34 172500.00 101900.00 62.834 43.617

ISA200X200X12 122192.63 122192.63 122200.00 122200.00 61.952 61.952

ISA200X200X15 151461.06 151461.06 151399.99 151399.99 61.662 61.662

ISA200X200X18 179895.76 179895.76 179899.99 179899.99 61.336 61.336

ISA200X200X25 243364.03 243364.03 243300.00 243300.00 60.526 60.526

ISA20X20X3 283.69 283.69 300.00 300.00 5.976 5.976

ISA20X20X4 364.96 364.96 400.00 400.00 5.872 5.872

ISA25X25X3 446.93 446.93 400.00 400.00 7.532 7.532

ISA25X25X4 571.43 571.43 600.00 600.00 7.372 7.372

ISA25X25X5 701.75 701.75 700.00 700.00 7.303 7.303

ISA30X20X3 478.09 392.16 600.00 300.00 9.225 5.326

ISA30X20X4 607.29 490.20 800.00 400.00 9.029 5.213

ISA30X20X5 781.89 566.04 1000.00 400.00 9.189 5.164

ISA30X30X3 645.16 645.16 600.00 600.00 8.996 8.996

ISA30X30X4 845.07 845.07 800.00 800.00 8.924 8.924

ISA30X30X5 1009.62 1009.62 1000.00 1000.00 8.707 8.707

ISA35X35X3 901.96 901.96 900.00 900.00 10.644 10.644

ISA35X35X4 1160.00 1160.00 1200.00 1200.00 10.441 10.441

ISA35X35X5 1422.76 1422.76 1400.00 1400.00 10.346 10.346

ISA35X35X6 1694.21 1694.21 1700.00 1700.00 10.306 10.306

ISA40X25X3 874.64 692.31 1100.00 500.00 12.632 6.919

ISA40X25X5 1377.25 1007.19 1800.00 700.00 12.342 6.809

ISA40X25X6 1631.42 1118.88 2100.00 900.00 12.316 6.704

ISA40X40X3 1164.38 1164.38 1200.00 1200.00 12.054 12.054

ISA40X40X4 1562.50 1562.50 1600.00 1600.00 12.107 12.107

ISA40X40X5 1901.41 1901.41 1900.00 1900.00 11.952 11.952

ISA40X40X6 2250.00 2250.00 2300.00 2300.00 11.872 11.872

ISA45X30X3 1154.86 949.37 1400.00 700.00 14.207 8.295

ISA45X30X4 1511.94 1307.19 1900.00 900.00 14.117 8.362

ISA45X30X5 1849.87 1589.40 2300.00 1100.00 14.001 8.257

ISA45X30X6 2168.02 1806.45 2700.00 1300.00 13.868 8.204

ISA45X45X3 1515.15 1515.15 1500.00 1500.00 13.762 13.762

ISA45X45X4 2000.00 2000.00 2000.00 2000.00 13.686 13.686

ISA45X45X5 2461.06 2461.06 2500.00 2500.00 13.586 13.586

ISA45X45X6 2902.21 2902.21 2900.00 2900.00 13.471 13.471

ISA50X30X3 1356.32 981.60 1700.00 700.00 15.879 8.269

ISA50X30X4 1786.54 1250.00 2300.00 900.00 15.837 8.271

ISA50X30X5 2183.10 1453.49 2800.00 1100.00 15.685 8.133ISA50X30X6 2582.94 1647.73 3400.00 1300.00 15.616 8.055

ISA50X50X3 1875.00 1875.00 1900.00 1900.00 15.294 15.294

ISA50X50X4 2506.89 2506.89 2500.00 2500.00 15.315 15.315

ISA50X50X5 3064.07 3064.07 3100.00 3100.00 15.154 15.154

ISA50X50X6 3633.80 3633.80 3600.00 3600.00 15.070 15.070

ISA55X55X10 6957.67 6957.67 7000.00 7000.00 16.201 16.201

ISA55X55X5 3702.77 3702.77 3700.00 3700.00 16.701 16.701

ISA55X55X6 4402.04 4402.04 4400.00 4400.00 16.624 16.624

ISA55X55X8 5714.29 5714.29 5700.00 5700.00 16.400 16.400

ISA60X40X5 3353.17 2926.83 4200.00 2000.00 18.843 11.227

ISA60X40X6 3980.00 3482.59 5000.00 2300.00 18.767 11.131

ISA60X40X8 5162.60 3864.73 6500.00 3000.00 18.564 10.419

ISA60X60X10 8385.54 8385.54 8400.00 8400.00 17.787 17.787

ISA60X60X5 4413.79 4413.79 4400.00 4400.00 18.273 18.273

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ISA60X60X6 5243.62 5243.62 5200.00 5200.00 18.177 18.177

ISA60X60X8 6855.79 6855.79 6800.00 6800.00 17.991 17.991

ISA65X45X5 4077.49 3539.09 5000.00 2500.00 20.498 12.787

ISA65X45X6 4832.71 4225.94 5900.00 3000.00 20.396 12.712

ISA65X45X8 6264.15 5541.13 7700.00 3900.00 20.158 12.517

ISA65X65X10 9933.77 9933.77 9900.00 9900.00 19.365 19.365

ISA65X65X5 13954.80 13954.80 5200.00 5200.00 19.880 19.880ISA65X65X6 6204.69 6204.69 6200.00 6200.00 19.777 19.777

ISA65X65X8 8112.80 8112.80 8100.00 8100.00 19.575 19.575

ISA70X45X10 8559.03 6290.32 10900.00 4800.00 21.648 12.177

ISA70X45X5 4563.76 3876.65 5700.00 2500.00 22.198 12.626

ISA70X45X6 5414.55 4439.66 6800.00 3000.00 22.086 12.530

ISA70X45X8 7020.55 5458.33 8900.00 3900.00 21.860 12.356

ISA70X70X10 11673.47 11673.47 11700.00 11700.00 20.960 20.960

ISA70X70X5 6086.11 6086.11 6100.00 6100.00 21.433 21.433

ISA70X70X6 7272.73 7272.73 7300.00 7300.00 21.368 21.368

ISA70X70X8 9518.07 9518.07 9500.00 9500.00 21.166 21.166

ISA75X50X10 10146.58 8384.62 12700.00 6000.00 23.255 13.756

ISA75X50X5 5378.55 4674.33 6700.00 3200.00 23.800 14.236

ISA75X50X6 6396.83 5585.94 8000.00 3800.00 23.724 14.132

ISA75X50X8 8327.97 7261.90 10400.00 4900.00 23.500 13.968

ISA75X75X10 13522.73 13522.73 13500.00 13500.00 22.567 22.567

ISA75X75X5 7062.04 7062.04 7100.00 7100.00 23.072 23.072

ISA75X75X6 8400.74 8400.74 8400.00 8400.00 22.972 22.972

ISA75X75X8 11007.46 11007.46 11000.00 11000.00 22.770 22.770

ISA80X50X10 11182.63 7864.77 14400.00 6000.00 24.929 13.560

ISA80X50X5 5901.16 4730.77 7500.00 3200.00 25.447 14.006

ISA80X50X6 7017.54 5454.55 9000.00 3800.00 25.366 13.894

ISA80X50X8 9156.80 6776.56 11700.00 4900.00 25.158 13.754

ISA80X80X10 15494.70 15494.70 15500.00 15500.00 24.140 24.140

ISA80X80X12 18261.65 18261.65 18300.00 18300.00 23.920 23.920

ISA80X80X6 9621.99 9621.99 9600.00 9600.00 24.552 24.552

ISA80X80X8 12652.71 12652.71 12600.00 12600.00 24.368 24.368

ISA90X60X10 14885.91 12861.84 18600.00 8800.00 28.135 16.706

ISA90X60X12 17516.96 14487.18 22000.00 10300.00 27.913 16.516

ISA90X60X6 9277.27 8051.12 11500.00 5500.00 28.569 17.068

ISA90X60X8 12167.55 10657.90 15100.00 7200.00 28.368 16.881

ISA90X90X10 19765.99 19765.99 19800.00 19800.00 27.276 27.276

ISA90X90X12 23328.08 23328.08 23300.00 23300.00 27.065 27.065

ISA90X90X6 12173.25 12173.25 12200.00 12200.00 27.659 27.659

ISA90X90X8 16055.47 16055.47 16000.00 16000.00 27.489 27.489

4. Load patterns

This section provides loading information as applied to the model.

4.1. Definitions 

Table 7: Load Pattern Definitions

Load Pat Design Type Self Wt Mult  Auto Load

WIND WIND 1.000000 None

DEAD DEAD 1.000000

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Fig 9.4: Dead Loads

Fig: 9.5: Wind Loads

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Fig 9.6: Wind Loads on Top Panel

Fig 9.7: Wind Loads on Bottom Panel

5. Load combinations

This section provides load combination information.

Table 8: Combination Definitions

Combo Name Combo Type Case Name Scale FactorCOMB1 Linear Add DEAD1 1.000000

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COMB1 WIND1 1.000000

DSTL1 Linear Add DEAD1 1.500000

DSTL2 Linear Add DEAD1 1.200000

DSTL2 WIND1 0.600000

DSTL3 Linear Add DEAD1 1.200000DSTL3 WIND1 -0.600000

DSTL4 Linear Add DEAD1 1.200000

DSTL4 WIND1 1.200000

DSTL5 Linear Add DEAD1 1.200000

DSTL5 WIND1 -1.200000

DSTL6 Linear Add DEAD1 1.500000

DSTL6 WIND1 1.500000

DSTL7 Linear Add DEAD1 1.500000

DSTL7 WIND1 -1.500000DSTL8 Linear Add DEAD1 0.900000

DSTL8 WIND1 1.500000

DSTL9 Linear Add DEAD1 0.900000

DSTL9 WIND1 -1.500000

DSTL10 Linear Add DEAD1 1.000000

6. Structure results This section provides structure results, including items such as structural periods and base reactions.

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Figure 9.8: Deformed shape

7. Modal Results

7.1. Base reactions

Table 9: Base ReactionsOutput Case Global FX Global FY Global FZ Global MX Global MY Global MZ

KN KN KN KN-mm KN-mm KN-mm

WIND1 -234.400 -1.680E-12 258.080 -264807.14 -4941281.76 3501.01

DEAD1 -4.158E-14 2.241E-14 457.240 -4670.50 -4399.08 781.16

8. Joint results

This section provides joint results, including items such as displacements and reactions.

Table 10: Joint DisplacementsJoint OutputCase U1 U2 U3 R1 R2 R3

mm mm mm Radians Radians Radians1 WIND1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

1 DEAD1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

XY   XZY   Z

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2 WIND1 0.930568 0.209192 0.398448 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

2 DEAD1 0.036684 0.043055 -0.311622 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

3 WIND1 0.662037 0.135675 -0.117522 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

3 DEAD1 -0.131244 0.001719 0.001005 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

4 WIND1 0.601714 0.084455 -0.000876 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

4 DEAD1 -0.002957 0.136730 -0.038966 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

5 WIND1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000005 DEAD1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

6 WIND1 0.957439 0.197638 0.565973 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

6 DEAD1 0.036201 -0.038224 -0.307528 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

7 WIND1 0.613581 0.179656 0.039424 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

7 DEAD1 -0.003454 -0.131818 -0.038304 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

8 WIND1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

8 DEAD1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

9 WIND1 0.919011 0.206531 -0.900117 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

9 DEAD1 -0.044299 0.044990 -0.313293 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

10 WIND1 0.553544 0.128024 0.064139 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

10 DEAD1 0.124397 0.002857 -0.000120 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

11 WIND1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

11 DEAD1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

12 WIND1 0.931590 0.180245 -0.730981 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

12 DEAD1 -0.044887 -0.036283 -0.311509 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

13 WIND1 2.480528 0.117351 0.721607 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

13 DEAD1 0.046676 0.061718 -0.574371 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

14 WIND1 2.491099 0.294151 0.241178 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

14 DEAD1 -0.005603 0.002599 -0.290317 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

15 WIND1 2.271906 0.093281 -0.243525 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

15 DEAD1 -0.006480 0.009837 -0.294533 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

16 WIND1 2.383837 0.602339 1.097319 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

16 DEAD1 0.052197 -0.057302 -0.567553 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

17 WIND1 2.311901 0.482335 -0.043342 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

17 DEAD1 -0.003496 0.000459 -0.290972 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

18 WIND1 2.274315 0.657600 -1.745772 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

18 DEAD1 -0.064411 0.070657 -0.579485 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

19 WIND1 2.092493 0.280710 -0.645798 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

19 DEAD1 -0.005009 0.007063 -0.293573 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

20 WIND1 2.484863 0.049725 -1.354851 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

20 DEAD1 -0.057878 -0.051495 -0.573783 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

21 WIND1 5.036860 1.114933 0.783838 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

21 DEAD1 -0.323936 -0.310656 -0.697672 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

22 WIND1 5.694467 -1.196963 1.133392 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

22 DEAD1 -0.298233 0.301737 -0.692762 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

23 WIND1 5.990062 -1.565100 -1.944194 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

23 DEAD1 0.301707 -0.308539 -0.705437 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

24 WIND1 5.459399 1.472421 -1.564420 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000024 DEAD1 0.318314 0.315152 -0.696814 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

25 WIND1 10.901616 -1.095551 0.770481 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

25 DEAD1 0.204759 0.138498 -0.961883 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

26 WIND1 10.224269 -0.118528 1.312045 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

26 DEAD1 0.219742 -0.179592 -0.959936 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

27 WIND1 9.982327 0.016092 -2.456704 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

27 DEAD1 -0.202651 0.159836 -0.976600 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

28 WIND1 10.732029 -1.300114 -1.848825 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

28 DEAD1 -0.190937 -0.163873 -0.961191 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

29 WIND1 22.056191 -0.933018 1.321766 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

29 DEAD1 -0.523867 -0.439709 -1.101458 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

30 WIND1 23.793860 -5.117780 2.234840 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

30 DEAD1 -0.576174 0.454588 -1.102219 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

31 WIND1 24.691268 -6.097173 -3.583752 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

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31 DEAD1 0.648128 -0.539938 -1.124903 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

32 WIND1 23.742461 -0.916963 -2.531390 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

32 DEAD1 0.506312 0.384523 -1.101223 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

33 WIND1 41.846683 -6.963601 1.635189 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

33 DEAD1 0.220888 -0.020579 -1.231414 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

34 WIND1 41.202857 -6.178202 2.813195 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

34 DEAD1 0.057062 -0.014889 -1.230155 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000035 WIND1 40.607546 -7.408837 -4.362756 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

35 DEAD1 0.047212 -0.151655 -1.264410 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

36 WIND1 41.166806 -7.814750 -2.998976 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

36 DEAD1 -0.099943 -0.117140 -1.232608 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

37 WIND1 59.828408 -9.930150 1.747764 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

37 DEAD1 -0.030156 -0.219726 -1.308851 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

38 WIND1 60.560488 -11.592534 3.117856 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

38 DEAD1 -0.305608 0.216282 -1.312489 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

39 WIND1 62.138322 -13.427649 -4.795397 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

39 DEAD1 0.533565 -0.458652 -1.353895 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

40 WIND1 60.202427 -11.794351 -3.202482 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

40 DEAD1 0.268787 -0.045971 -1.314017 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

41 WIND1 82.413689 -15.650810 1.756706 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

41 DEAD1 0.232847 -0.174674 -1.441622 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

42 WIND1 80.832439 -14.826594 3.345722 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

42 DEAD1 -0.081743 0.126879 -1.423559 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

43 WIND1 81.047036 -17.582989 -5.030024 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

43 DEAD1 0.351679 -0.385458 -1.423242 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

44 WIND1 81.074045 -17.808032 -3.382399 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

44 DEAD1 0.136337 -0.150576 -1.452082 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

45 WIND1 101.857871 -20.335429 1.615909 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

45 DEAD1 0.115500 -0.124000 -1.512877 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

46 WIND1 101.646686 -20.102540 3.291401 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

46 DEAD1 0.017772 -0.010202 -1.498386 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

47 WIND1 103.175711 -22.980355 -5.057131 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

47 DEAD1 0.336258 -0.270116 -1.495525 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

48 WIND1 101.650218 -22.982292 -3.267845 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

48 DEAD1 0.185857 -0.096460 -1.524318 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

49 WIND1 121.734576 -25.877443 1.521355 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

49 DEAD1 0.179084 -0.113354 -1.530202 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

50 WIND1 120.547739 -25.874871 3.255562 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

50 DEAD1 0.175995 -0.113333 -1.514967 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

51 WIND1 121.726292 -29.171372 -5.062741 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

51 DEAD1 0.178179 -0.108694 -1.513895 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

52 WIND1 120.548107 -29.171068 -3.210937 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

52 DEAD1 0.175547 -0.109026 -1.541323 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000

Table 11: Joint ReactionsJoint Output Case F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3

KN KN KN KN-mm KN-mm KN-mm

1 WIND1 -45.961 -36.739 -227.571 0.00 0.00 0.00

1 DEAD1 17.228 17.080 114.587 0.00 0.00 0.00

5 WIND1 -51.876 36.625 -261.049 0.00 0.00 0.00

5 DEAD1 17.013 -17.045 113.483 0.00 0.00 0.00

8 WIND1 -70.916 56.061 389.712 0.00 0.00 0.00

8 DEAD1 -17.096 17.124 114.617 0.00 0.00 0.00

11 WIND1 -65.647 -55.947 356.988 0.00 0.00 0.00

11 DEAD1 -17.146 -17.159 114.553 0.00 0.00 0.00

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Fig 9.9: Joint Reactions

9. Frame results

This section provides frame force results.

Table 12: Element Forces - FramesFrame Station Output Case P V2 V3

mm KN KN KN

1 0.00 WIND1 212.861 -0.642 0.060

1 2555.63 WIND1 214.666 -0.259 0.060

1 5111.26 WIND1 216.471 0.124 0.060

1 0.00 DEAD1 -114.776 -0.461 -0.048

1 2555.63 DEAD1 -112.971 -0.079 -0.048

1 5111.26 DEAD1 -111.166 0.304 -0.048

2 0.00 WIND1 3.721 -0.279 -3.469E-17

2 3223.45 WIND1 4.064 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17

2 6446.90 WIND1 4.407 0.279 -3.469E-17

2 0.00 DEAD1 -1.121 -0.279 -3.469E-17

2 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.779 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17

2 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.436 0.279 -3.469E-17

3 0.00 WIND1 21.847 -0.279 -3.469E-17

3 3223.45 WIND1 22.189 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17

3 6446.90 WIND1 22.532 0.279 -3.469E-17

3 0.00 DEAD1 -1.280 -0.279 -3.469E-17

3 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.937 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17

3 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.594 0.279 -3.469E-17

4 0.00 WIND1 254.530 -0.954 -0.679

4 2555.63 WIND1 256.335 -0.571 -0.679

4 5111.26 WIND1 258.140 -0.188 -0.679

4 0.00 DEAD1 -113.533 -0.456 -0.043

4 2555.63 DEAD1 -111.728 -0.073 -0.043

4 5111.26 DEAD1 -109.923 0.309 -0.043

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5 0.00 WIND1 -6.046 -0.279 -3.469E-17

5 3223.45 WIND1 -5.703 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17

5 6446.90 WIND1 -5.361 0.279 -3.469E-17

5 0.00 DEAD1 -1.245 -0.279 -3.469E-17

5 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.902 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17

5 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.560 0.279 -3.469E-17

6 0.00 WIND1 22.304 -0.279 -3.469E-176 3223.45 WIND1 22.647 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17

6 6446.90 WIND1 22.990 0.279 -3.469E-17

6 0.00 DEAD1 -1.301 -0.279 -3.469E-17

6 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.958 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17

6 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.615 0.279 -3.469E-17

7 0.00 WIND1 -381.435 0.115 0.626

7 2555.63 WIND1 -379.630 0.498 0.626

7 5111.26 WIND1 -377.825 0.881 0.626

7 0.00 DEAD1 -114.866 -0.464 -0.048

7 2555.63 DEAD1 -113.061 -0.081 -0.048

7 5111.26 DEAD1 -111.256 0.302 -0.048

8 0.00 WIND1 3.415 -0.279 -3.469E-17

8 3223.45 WIND1 3.758 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17

8 6446.90 WIND1 4.101 0.279 -3.469E-17

8 0.00 DEAD1 -1.085 -0.279 -3.469E-17

8 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.742 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17

8 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.399 0.279 -3.469E-17

9 0.00 WIND1 -24.340 -0.316 -1.249E-16

9 3223.45 WIND1 -23.951 5.551E-17 -1.249E-16

9 6446.90 WIND1 -23.563 0.316 -1.249E-16

9 0.00 DEAD1 -1.209 -0.316 -1.249E-16

9 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.821 5.551E-17 -1.249E-16

9 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.432 0.316 -1.249E-16

10 0.00 WIND1 -340.255 -0.188 -0.107

10 2555.63 WIND1 -338.450 0.195 -0.107

10 5111.26 WIND1 -336.645 0.577 -0.107

10 0.00 DEAD1 -114.652 -0.458 -0.042

10 2555.63 DEAD1 -112.847 -0.075 -0.042

10 5111.26 DEAD1 -111.042 0.308 -0.042

11 0.00 WIND1 -5.801 -0.279 -3.469E-17

11 3223.45 WIND1 -5.458 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17

11 6446.90 WIND1 -5.116 0.279 -3.469E-17

11 0.00 DEAD1 -1.291 -0.279 -3.469E-17

11 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.948 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17

11 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.605 0.279 -3.469E-17

12 0.00 WIND1 -24.789 -0.316 -1.249E-16

12 3223.45 WIND1 -24.401 5.551E-17 -1.249E-16

12 6446.90 WIND1 -24.012 0.316 -1.249E-1612 0.00 DEAD1 -1.193 -0.316 -1.249E-16

12 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.804 5.551E-17 -1.249E-16

12 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.416 0.316 -1.249E-16

13 0.00 WIND1 202.480 -0.547 0.388

13 2555.63 WIND1 204.285 -0.164 0.388

13 5111.26 WIND1 206.090 0.219 0.388

13 0.00 DEAD1 -99.240 -0.433 -0.032

13 2555.63 DEAD1 -97.435 -0.050 -0.032

13 5111.26 DEAD1 -95.630 0.333 -0.032

14 0.00 WIND1 6.492 -0.229 -2.082E-17

14 3005.20 WIND1 6.835 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

14 6010.41 WIND1 7.178 0.229 -2.082E-17

14 0.00 DEAD1 -0.929 -0.229 -2.082E-17

14 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.587 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

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14 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.244 0.229 -2.082E-17

15 0.00 WIND1 10.658 -0.229 -2.082E-17

15 3005.20 WIND1 11.001 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

15 6010.41 WIND1 11.343 0.229 -2.082E-17

15 0.00 DEAD1 -1.168 -0.229 -2.082E-17

15 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.826 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

15 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.483 0.229 -2.082E-1716 0.00 WIND1 256.286 -1.256 -1.057

16 2555.63 WIND1 258.091 -0.873 -1.057

16 5111.26 WIND1 259.896 -0.490 -1.057

16 0.00 DEAD1 -97.850 -0.432 -0.028

16 2555.63 DEAD1 -96.045 -0.049 -0.028

16 5111.26 DEAD1 -94.240 0.334 -0.028

17 0.00 WIND1 -8.495 -0.229 -2.082E-17

17 3005.20 WIND1 -8.152 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

17 6010.41 WIND1 -7.809 0.229 -2.082E-17

17 0.00 DEAD1 -1.150 -0.229 -2.082E-17

17 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.807 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

17 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.465 0.229 -2.082E-17

18 0.00 WIND1 11.480 -0.229 -2.082E-17

18 3005.20 WIND1 11.822 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

18 6010.41 WIND1 12.165 0.229 -2.082E-17

18 0.00 DEAD1 -1.122 -0.229 -2.082E-17

18 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.779 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

18 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.436 0.229 -2.082E-17

19 0.00 WIND1 -371.747 0.390 0.990

19 2555.63 WIND1 -369.942 0.773 0.990

19 5111.26 WIND1 -368.137 1.156 0.990

19 0.00 DEAD1 -99.569 -0.437 -0.030

19 2555.63 DEAD1 -97.764 -0.054 -0.030

19 5111.26 DEAD1 -95.959 0.329 -0.030

20 0.00 WIND1 6.206 -0.229 -2.082E-17

20 3005.20 WIND1 6.549 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

20 6010.41 WIND1 6.892 0.229 -2.082E-17

20 0.00 DEAD1 -0.903 -0.229 -2.082E-17

20 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.560 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

20 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.218 0.229 -2.082E-17

21 0.00 WIND1 -12.755 -0.229 -2.082E-17

21 3005.20 WIND1 -12.412 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

21 6010.41 WIND1 -12.070 0.229 -2.082E-17

21 0.00 DEAD1 -0.917 -0.229 -2.082E-17

21 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.574 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

21 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.232 0.229 -2.082E-17

22 0.00 WIND1 -317.456 -0.286 -0.440

22 2555.63 WIND1 -315.651 0.097 -0.44022 5111.26 WIND1 -313.846 0.480 -0.440

22 0.00 DEAD1 -99.086 -0.431 -0.029

22 2555.63 DEAD1 -97.281 -0.048 -0.029

22 5111.26 DEAD1 -95.476 0.335 -0.029

23 0.00 WIND1 -8.328 -0.229 -2.082E-17

23 3005.20 WIND1 -7.985 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

23 6010.41 WIND1 -7.642 0.229 -2.082E-17

23 0.00 DEAD1 -1.182 -0.229 -2.082E-17

23 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.840 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

23 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.497 0.229 -2.082E-17

24 0.00 WIND1 -13.537 -0.229 -2.082E-17

24 3005.20 WIND1 -13.194 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

24 6010.41 WIND1 -12.851 0.229 -2.082E-17

24 0.00 DEAD1 -0.958 -0.229 -2.082E-17

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24 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.615 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17

24 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.272 0.229 -2.082E-17

25 0.00 WIND1 222.627 -1.534 -0.220

25 2555.63 WIND1 224.432 -1.151 -0.220

25 5111.26 WIND1 226.237 -0.768 -0.220

25 0.00 DEAD1 -90.304 -0.069 0.186

25 2555.63 DEAD1 -88.499 0.314 0.18625 5111.26 DEAD1 -86.694 0.697 0.186

26 0.00 WIND1 -23.815 -0.711 -3.469E-16

26 3302.46 WIND1 -22.991 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16

26 6604.92 WIND1 -22.168 0.711 -3.469E-16

26 0.00 DEAD1 2.666 -0.711 -3.469E-16

26 3302.46 DEAD1 3.489 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16

26 6604.92 DEAD1 4.313 0.711 -3.469E-16

27 0.00 WIND1 4.222 -0.512 -1.388E-16

27 3302.46 WIND1 4.815 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16

27 6604.92 WIND1 5.408 0.512 -1.388E-16

27 0.00 DEAD1 1.645 -0.512 -1.388E-16

27 3302.46 DEAD1 2.237 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16

27 6604.92 DEAD1 2.830 0.512 -1.388E-16

28 0.00 WIND1 300.758 -3.050 -2.022

28 2555.63 WIND1 302.563 -2.667 -2.022

28 5111.26 WIND1 304.368 -2.284 -2.022

28 0.00 DEAD1 -89.128 -0.087 0.172

28 2555.63 DEAD1 -87.323 0.296 0.172

28 5111.26 DEAD1 -85.518 0.679 0.172

29 0.00 WIND1 -36.988 -0.711 -3.469E-16

29 3302.46 WIND1 -36.165 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16

29 6604.92 WIND1 -35.342 0.711 -3.469E-16

29 0.00 DEAD1 2.143 -0.711 -3.469E-16

29 3302.46 DEAD1 2.967 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16

29 6604.92 DEAD1 3.790 0.711 -3.469E-16

30 0.00 WIND1 -13.794 -0.512 -1.388E-16

30 3302.46 WIND1 -13.201 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16

30 6604.92 WIND1 -12.609 0.512 -1.388E-16

30 0.00 DEAD1 2.453 -0.512 -1.388E-16

30 3302.46 DEAD1 3.046 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16

30 6604.92 DEAD1 3.639 0.512 -1.388E-16

31 0.00 WIND1 -412.424 2.625 2.219

31 2555.63 WIND1 -410.619 3.008 2.219

31 5111.26 WIND1 -408.814 3.391 2.219

31 0.00 DEAD1 -91.435 -0.073 0.180

31 2555.63 DEAD1 -89.630 0.310 0.180

31 5111.26 DEAD1 -87.825 0.693 0.180

32 0.00 WIND1 39.971 -0.711 -3.469E-1632 3302.46 WIND1 40.794 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16

32 6604.92 WIND1 41.617 0.711 -3.469E-16

32 0.00 DEAD1 2.583 -0.711 -3.469E-16

32 3302.46 DEAD1 3.406 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16

32 6604.92 DEAD1 4.230 0.711 -3.469E-16

33 0.00 WIND1 17.949 -0.512 -1.388E-16

33 3302.46 WIND1 18.542 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16

33 6604.92 WIND1 19.135 0.512 -1.388E-16

33 0.00 DEAD1 2.760 -0.512 -1.388E-16

33 3302.46 DEAD1 3.353 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16

33 6604.92 DEAD1 3.946 0.512 -1.388E-16

34 0.00 WIND1 -329.472 1.124 0.433

34 2555.63 WIND1 -327.667 1.507 0.433

34 5111.26 WIND1 -325.862 1.890 0.433

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34 0.00 DEAD1 -90.194 -0.072 0.181

34 2555.63 DEAD1 -88.389 0.311 0.181

34 5111.26 DEAD1 -86.584 0.694 0.181

35 0.00 WIND1 25.688 -0.711 -3.469E-16

35 3302.46 WIND1 26.512 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16

35 6604.92 WIND1 27.335 0.711 -3.469E-16

35 0.00 DEAD1 2.564 -0.711 -3.469E-1635 3302.46 DEAD1 3.387 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16

35 6604.92 DEAD1 4.210 0.711 -3.469E-16

36 0.00 WIND1 -4.517 -0.512 -1.388E-16

36 3302.46 WIND1 -3.924 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16

36 6604.92 WIND1 -3.331 0.512 -1.388E-16

36 0.00 DEAD1 1.805 -0.512 -1.388E-16

36 3302.46 DEAD1 2.398 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16

36 6604.92 DEAD1 2.991 0.512 -1.388E-16

37 0.00 WIND1 199.806 0.159 2.703

37 2555.63 WIND1 201.611 0.541 2.703

37 5111.26 WIND1 203.416 0.924 2.703

37 0.00 DEAD1 -46.115 -0.831 -0.241

37 2555.63 DEAD1 -44.310 -0.448 -0.241

37 5111.26 DEAD1 -42.505 -0.065 -0.241

38 0.00 WIND1 84.325 -0.469 1.804E-16

38 2877.72 WIND1 85.148 6.106E-16 1.804E-16

38 5755.43 WIND1 85.971 0.469 1.804E-16

38 0.00 DEAD1 -15.554 -0.469 1.804E-16

38 2877.72 DEAD1 -14.730 6.106E-16 1.804E-16

38 5755.43 DEAD1 -13.907 0.469 1.804E-16

39 0.00 WIND1 -67.527 -0.338 6.939E-17

39 2877.72 WIND1 -66.934 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17

39 5755.43 WIND1 -66.341 0.338 6.939E-17

39 0.00 DEAD1 -14.426 -0.338 6.939E-17

39 2877.72 DEAD1 -13.834 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17

39 5755.43 DEAD1 -13.241 0.338 6.939E-17

40 0.00 WIND1 260.719 -3.394 -3.434

40 2555.63 WIND1 262.524 -3.011 -3.434

40 5111.26 WIND1 264.329 -2.628 -3.434

40 0.00 DEAD1 -46.018 -0.872 -0.300

40 2555.63 DEAD1 -44.213 -0.489 -0.300

40 5111.26 DEAD1 -42.408 -0.106 -0.300

41 0.00 WIND1 48.318 -0.469 1.804E-16

41 2877.72 WIND1 49.141 6.106E-16 1.804E-16

41 5755.43 WIND1 49.964 0.469 1.804E-16

41 0.00 DEAD1 -14.911 -0.469 1.804E-16

41 2877.72 DEAD1 -14.088 6.106E-16 1.804E-16

41 5755.43 DEAD1 -13.265 0.469 1.804E-1642 0.00 WIND1 -19.743 -0.338 6.939E-17

42 2877.72 WIND1 -19.150 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17

42 5755.43 WIND1 -18.557 0.338 6.939E-17

42 0.00 DEAD1 -14.224 -0.338 6.939E-17

42 2877.72 DEAD1 -13.631 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17

42 5755.43 DEAD1 -13.038 0.338 6.939E-17

43 0.00 WIND1 -331.363 2.112 3.120

43 2555.63 WIND1 -329.558 2.495 3.120

43 5111.26 WIND1 -327.753 2.878 3.120

43 0.00 DEAD1 -49.025 -0.860 -0.293

43 2555.63 DEAD1 -47.220 -0.477 -0.293

43 5111.26 DEAD1 -45.415 -0.094 -0.293

44 0.00 WIND1 -64.582 -0.469 1.804E-16

44 2877.72 WIND1 -63.759 6.106E-16 1.804E-16

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44 5755.43 WIND1 -62.936 0.469 1.804E-16

44 0.00 DEAD1 -14.694 -0.469 1.804E-16

44 2877.72 DEAD1 -13.871 6.106E-16 1.804E-16

44 5755.43 DEAD1 -13.048 0.469 1.804E-16

45 0.00 WIND1 7.587 -0.338 6.939E-17

45 2877.72 WIND1 8.180 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17

45 5755.43 WIND1 8.772 0.338 6.939E-1745 0.00 DEAD1 -13.882 -0.338 6.939E-17

45 2877.72 DEAD1 -13.289 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17

45 5755.43 DEAD1 -12.696 0.338 6.939E-17

46 0.00 WIND1 -250.403 -1.468 -3.016

46 2555.63 WIND1 -248.598 -1.085 -3.016

46 5111.26 WIND1 -246.793 -0.702 -3.016

46 0.00 DEAD1 -45.588 -0.848 -0.266

46 2555.63 DEAD1 -43.783 -0.466 -0.266

46 5111.26 DEAD1 -41.978 -0.083 -0.266

47 0.00 WIND1 -105.204 -0.469 1.804E-16

47 2877.72 WIND1 -104.381 6.106E-16 1.804E-16

47 5755.43 WIND1 -103.557 0.469 1.804E-16

47 0.00 DEAD1 -16.583 -0.469 1.804E-16

47 2877.72 DEAD1 -15.760 6.106E-16 1.804E-16

47 5755.43 DEAD1 -14.936 0.469 1.804E-16

48 0.00 WIND1 47.694 -0.338 6.939E-17

48 2877.72 WIND1 48.287 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17

48 5755.43 WIND1 48.880 0.338 6.939E-17

48 0.00 DEAD1 -13.748 -0.338 6.939E-17

48 2877.72 DEAD1 -13.155 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17

48 5755.43 DEAD1 -12.562 0.338 6.939E-17

49 0.00 WIND1 178.821 4.474 2.690

49 3000.00 WIND1 180.987 4.474 2.690

49 6000.00 WIND1 183.153 4.474 2.690

49 0.00 DEAD1 -47.989 -0.426 -0.401

49 3000.00 DEAD1 -45.823 -0.426 -0.401

49 6000.00 DEAD1 -43.657 -0.426 -0.401

50 0.00 WIND1 6.524 -0.137 6.592E-17

50 3162.28 WIND1 6.935 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

50 6324.56 WIND1 7.346 0.137 6.592E-17

50 0.00 DEAD1 -2.373 -0.137 6.592E-17

50 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.962 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

50 6324.56 DEAD1 -1.551 0.137 6.592E-17

51 0.00 WIND1 69.432 -0.722 -3.053E-16

51 3162.28 WIND1 71.598 1.110E-16 -3.053E-16

51 6324.56 WIND1 73.764 0.722 -3.053E-16

51 0.00 DEAD1 -6.666 -0.722 -3.053E-16

51 3162.28 DEAD1 -4.500 1.110E-16 -3.053E-1651 6324.56 DEAD1 -2.334 0.722 -3.053E-16

52 0.00 WIND1 300.788 4.220 1.206

52 3000.00 WIND1 302.954 4.220 1.206

52 6000.00 WIND1 305.120 4.220 1.206

52 0.00 DEAD1 -48.877 -0.167 0.065

52 3000.00 DEAD1 -46.711 -0.167 0.065

52 6000.00 DEAD1 -44.545 -0.167 0.065

53 0.00 WIND1 15.365 -0.137 6.592E-17

53 3162.28 WIND1 15.777 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

53 6324.56 WIND1 16.188 0.137 6.592E-17

53 0.00 DEAD1 -3.487 -0.137 6.592E-17

53 3162.28 DEAD1 -3.075 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

53 6324.56 DEAD1 -2.664 0.137 6.592E-17

54 0.00 WIND1 63.598 -0.237 -2.082E-17

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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS 

2013

47

54 3162.28 WIND1 64.309 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

54 6324.56 WIND1 65.021 0.237 -2.082E-17

54 0.00 DEAD1 -5.153 -0.237 -2.082E-17

54 3162.28 DEAD1 -4.441 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

54 6324.56 DEAD1 -3.730 0.237 -2.082E-17

55 0.00 WIND1 -372.176 4.411 1.031

55 3000.00 WIND1 -370.010 4.411 1.03155 6000.00 WIND1 -367.844 4.411 1.031

55 0.00 DEAD1 -50.854 0.174 -0.078

55 3000.00 DEAD1 -48.688 0.174 -0.078

55 6000.00 DEAD1 -46.522 0.174 -0.078

56 0.00 WIND1 -24.996 -0.155 -2.776E-17

56 3162.28 WIND1 -24.530 -1.665E-16 -2.776E-17

56 6324.56 WIND1 -24.064 0.155 -2.776E-17

56 0.00 DEAD1 -3.629 -0.155 -2.776E-17

56 3162.28 DEAD1 -3.163 -1.665E-16 -2.776E-17

56 6324.56 DEAD1 -2.696 0.155 -2.776E-17

57 0.00 WIND1 -74.896 -0.722 -3.053E-16

57 3162.28 WIND1 -72.730 1.110E-16 -3.053E-16

57 6324.56 WIND1 -70.564 0.722 -3.053E-16

57 0.00 DEAD1 -7.421 -0.722 -3.053E-16

57 3162.28 DEAD1 -5.255 1.110E-16 -3.053E-16

57 6324.56 DEAD1 -3.089 0.722 -3.053E-16

58 0.00 WIND1 -226.252 5.264 3.215

58 3000.00 WIND1 -224.086 5.264 3.215

58 6000.00 WIND1 -221.920 5.264 3.215

58 0.00 DEAD1 -48.139 0.406 0.382

58 3000.00 DEAD1 -45.973 0.406 0.382

58 6000.00 DEAD1 -43.807 0.406 0.382

59 0.00 WIND1 -8.036 -0.137 6.592E-17

59 3162.28 WIND1 -7.625 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

59 6324.56 WIND1 -7.213 0.137 6.592E-17

59 0.00 DEAD1 -2.563 -0.137 6.592E-17

59 3162.28 DEAD1 -2.152 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

59 6324.56 DEAD1 -1.741 0.137 6.592E-17

60 0.00 WIND1 -82.025 -0.722 -3.053E-16

60 3162.28 WIND1 -79.859 1.110E-16 -3.053E-16

60 6324.56 WIND1 -77.693 0.722 -3.053E-16

60 0.00 DEAD1 -5.894 -0.722 -3.053E-16

60 3162.28 DEAD1 -3.728 1.110E-16 -3.053E-16

60 6324.56 DEAD1 -1.562 0.722 -3.053E-16

61 0.00 WIND1 100.731 6.451 2.260

61 3000.00 WIND1 102.897 6.451 2.260

61 6000.00 WIND1 105.063 6.451 2.260

61 0.00 DEAD1 -44.830 0.395 0.34261 3000.00 DEAD1 -42.664 0.395 0.342

61 6000.00 DEAD1 -40.498 0.395 0.342

62 0.00 WIND1 -14.827 -0.137 6.592E-17

62 3162.28 WIND1 -14.416 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

62 6324.56 WIND1 -14.005 0.137 6.592E-17

62 0.00 DEAD1 0.313 -0.137 6.592E-17

62 3162.28 DEAD1 0.724 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

62 6324.56 DEAD1 1.136 0.137 6.592E-17

63 0.00 WIND1 47.743 -0.237 -2.082E-17

63 3162.28 WIND1 48.454 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

63 6324.56 WIND1 49.166 0.237 -2.082E-17

63 0.00 DEAD1 1.949 -0.237 -2.082E-17

63 3162.28 DEAD1 2.660 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

63 6324.56 DEAD1 3.372 0.237 -2.082E-17

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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS 

2013

48

64 0.00 WIND1 187.708 6.674 3.676

64 3000.00 WIND1 189.874 6.674 3.676

64 6000.00 WIND1 192.040 6.674 3.676

64 0.00 DEAD1 -44.167 0.141 -0.038

64 3000.00 DEAD1 -42.001 0.141 -0.038

64 6000.00 DEAD1 -39.835 0.141 -0.038

65 0.00 WIND1 0.465 -0.137 6.592E-1765 3162.28 WIND1 0.876 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

65 6324.56 WIND1 1.288 0.137 6.592E-17

65 0.00 DEAD1 1.227 -0.137 6.592E-17

65 3162.28 DEAD1 1.638 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

65 6324.56 DEAD1 2.049 0.137 6.592E-17

66 0.00 WIND1 53.362 -0.237 -2.082E-17

66 3162.28 WIND1 54.074 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

66 6324.56 WIND1 54.785 0.237 -2.082E-17

66 0.00 DEAD1 2.040 -0.237 -2.082E-17

66 3162.28 DEAD1 2.752 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

66 6324.56 DEAD1 3.463 0.237 -2.082E-17

67 0.00 WIND1 -257.913 6.021 3.225

67 3000.00 WIND1 -255.747 6.021 3.225

67 6000.00 WIND1 -253.581 6.021 3.225

67 0.00 DEAD1 -47.966 -0.148 0.013

67 3000.00 DEAD1 -45.800 -0.148 0.013

67 6000.00 DEAD1 -43.634 -0.148 0.013

68 0.00 WIND1 0.276 -0.137 6.592E-17

68 3162.28 WIND1 0.687 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

68 6324.56 WIND1 1.099 0.137 6.592E-17

68 0.00 DEAD1 1.453 -0.137 6.592E-17

68 3162.28 DEAD1 1.864 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

68 6324.56 DEAD1 2.275 0.137 6.592E-17

69 0.00 WIND1 -49.192 -0.237 -2.082E-17

69 3162.28 WIND1 -48.480 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

69 6324.56 WIND1 -47.769 0.237 -2.082E-17

69 0.00 DEAD1 2.773 -0.237 -2.082E-17

69 3162.28 DEAD1 3.484 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

69 6324.56 DEAD1 4.196 0.237 -2.082E-17

70 0.00 WIND1 -155.675 5.306 1.358

70 3000.00 WIND1 -153.509 5.306 1.358

70 6000.00 WIND1 -151.343 5.306 1.358

70 0.00 DEAD1 -45.300 -0.359 -0.342

70 3000.00 DEAD1 -43.134 -0.359 -0.342

70 6000.00 DEAD1 -40.968 -0.359 -0.342

71 0.00 WIND1 18.248 -0.137 6.592E-17

71 3162.28 WIND1 18.659 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

71 6324.56 WIND1 19.070 0.137 6.592E-1771 0.00 DEAD1 0.461 -0.137 6.592E-17

71 3162.28 DEAD1 0.872 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

71 6324.56 DEAD1 1.283 0.137 6.592E-17

72 0.00 WIND1 -46.864 -0.237 -2.082E-17

72 3162.28 WIND1 -46.153 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

72 6324.56 WIND1 -45.441 0.237 -2.082E-17

72 0.00 DEAD1 1.309 -0.237 -2.082E-17

72 3162.28 DEAD1 2.021 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

72 6324.56 DEAD1 2.732 0.237 -2.082E-17

73 0.00 WIND1 34.792 6.453 3.053

73 3000.00 WIND1 36.958 6.453 3.053

73 6000.00 WIND1 39.124 6.453 3.053

73 0.00 DEAD1 -27.589 -0.147 -0.138

73 3000.00 DEAD1 -25.423 -0.147 -0.138

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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS 

2013

49

73 6000.00 DEAD1 -23.257 -0.147 -0.138

74 0.00 WIND1 -3.795 -0.137 6.592E-17

74 3162.28 WIND1 -3.384 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

74 6324.56 WIND1 -2.972 0.137 6.592E-17

74 0.00 DEAD1 -0.530 -0.137 6.592E-17

74 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.119 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

74 6324.56 DEAD1 0.292 0.137 6.592E-1775 0.00 WIND1 31.635 -0.237 -2.082E-17

75 3162.28 WIND1 32.347 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

75 6324.56 WIND1 33.058 0.237 -2.082E-17

75 0.00 DEAD1 -2.483 -0.237 -2.082E-17

75 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.772 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

75 6324.56 DEAD1 -1.060 0.237 -2.082E-17

76 0.00 WIND1 97.854 6.424 2.403

76 3000.00 WIND1 100.020 6.424 2.403

76 6000.00 WIND1 102.186 6.424 2.403

76 0.00 DEAD1 -29.197 -0.090 6.570E-03

76 3000.00 DEAD1 -27.031 -0.090 6.570E-03

76 6000.00 DEAD1 -24.865 -0.090 6.570E-03

77 0.00 WIND1 9.980 -0.137 6.592E-17

77 3162.28 WIND1 10.391 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

77 6324.56 WIND1 10.802 0.137 6.592E-17

77 0.00 DEAD1 -0.996 -0.137 6.592E-17

77 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.584 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

77 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.173 0.137 6.592E-17

78 0.00 WIND1 30.104 -0.237 -2.082E-17

78 3162.28 WIND1 30.815 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

78 6324.56 WIND1 31.527 0.237 -2.082E-17

78 0.00 DEAD1 -2.001 -0.237 -2.082E-17

78 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.290 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

78 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.578 0.237 -2.082E-17

79 0.00 WIND1 -144.202 7.146 2.674

79 3000.00 WIND1 -142.036 7.146 2.674

79 6000.00 WIND1 -139.870 7.146 2.674

79 0.00 DEAD1 -31.544 0.121 -7.613E-03

79 3000.00 DEAD1 -29.378 0.121 -7.613E-03

79 6000.00 DEAD1 -27.212 0.121 -7.613E-03

80 0.00 WIND1 -17.329 -0.137 6.592E-17

80 3162.28 WIND1 -16.918 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

80 6324.56 WIND1 -16.507 0.137 6.592E-17

80 0.00 DEAD1 -1.218 -0.137 6.592E-17

80 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.807 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

80 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.395 0.137 6.592E-17

81 0.00 WIND1 -29.481 -0.237 -2.082E-17

81 3162.28 WIND1 -28.769 8.327E-17 -2.082E-1781 6324.56 WIND1 -28.058 0.237 -2.082E-17

81 0.00 DEAD1 -2.522 -0.237 -2.082E-17

81 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.810 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

81 6324.56 DEAD1 -1.099 0.237 -2.082E-17

82 0.00 WIND1 -68.977 6.634 2.898

82 3000.00 WIND1 -66.811 6.634 2.898

82 6000.00 WIND1 -64.645 6.634 2.898

82 0.00 DEAD1 -28.892 0.163 0.115

82 3000.00 DEAD1 -26.726 0.163 0.115

82 6000.00 DEAD1 -24.560 0.163 0.115

83 0.00 WIND1 3.771 -0.137 6.592E-17

83 3162.28 WIND1 4.182 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

83 6324.56 WIND1 4.593 0.137 6.592E-17

83 0.00 DEAD1 -0.829 -0.137 6.592E-17

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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS 

2013

50

83 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.418 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

83 6324.56 DEAD1 -6.656E-03 0.137 6.592E-17

84 0.00 WIND1 -34.459 -0.237 -2.082E-17

84 3162.28 WIND1 -33.748 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

84 6324.56 WIND1 -33.036 0.237 -2.082E-17

84 0.00 DEAD1 -1.811 -0.237 -2.082E-17

84 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.099 8.327E-17 -2.082E-1784 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.388 0.237 -2.082E-17

85 0.00 WIND1 0.351 1.994 0.816

85 3000.00 WIND1 1.339 1.994 0.816

85 6000.00 WIND1 2.327 1.994 0.816

85 0.00 DEAD1 -20.868 0.030 0.021

85 3000.00 DEAD1 -19.880 0.030 0.021

85 6000.00 DEAD1 -18.892 0.030 0.021

86 0.00 WIND1 -4.030 -0.237 -2.082E-17

86 3162.28 WIND1 -3.318 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

86 6324.56 WIND1 -2.607 0.237 -2.082E-17

86 0.00 DEAD1 -0.631 -0.237 -2.082E-17

86 3162.28 DEAD1 0.080 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

86 6324.56 DEAD1 0.792 0.237 -2.082E-17

87 0.00 WIND1 27.927 -0.237 -2.082E-17

87 3162.28 WIND1 28.639 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

87 6324.56 WIND1 29.350 0.237 -2.082E-17

87 0.00 DEAD1 0.539 -0.237 -2.082E-17

87 3162.28 DEAD1 1.251 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

87 6324.56 DEAD1 1.962 0.237 -2.082E-17

88 0.00 WIND1 39.334 2.235 1.076

88 3000.00 WIND1 40.507 2.235 1.076

88 6000.00 WIND1 41.679 2.235 1.076

88 0.00 DEAD1 -20.917 0.021 5.339E-03

88 3000.00 DEAD1 -19.744 0.021 5.339E-03

88 6000.00 DEAD1 -18.571 0.021 5.339E-03

89 0.00 WIND1 -1.526 -0.237 -2.082E-17

89 3162.28 WIND1 -0.814 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

89 6324.56 WIND1 -0.103 0.237 -2.082E-17

89 0.00 DEAD1 -0.596 -0.237 -2.082E-17

89 3162.28 DEAD1 0.115 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

89 6324.56 DEAD1 0.827 0.237 -2.082E-17

90 0.00 WIND1 32.053 -0.237 -2.082E-17

90 3162.28 WIND1 32.764 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

90 6324.56 WIND1 33.476 0.237 -2.082E-17

90 0.00 DEAD1 0.038 -0.237 -2.082E-17

90 3162.28 DEAD1 0.749 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

90 6324.56 DEAD1 1.461 0.237 -2.082E-17

91 0.00 WIND1 -79.194 6.542 2.79891 3000.00 WIND1 -77.028 6.542 2.798

91 6000.00 WIND1 -74.862 6.542 2.798

91 0.00 DEAD1 -24.933 -0.055 -0.014

91 3000.00 DEAD1 -22.767 -0.055 -0.014

91 6000.00 DEAD1 -20.601 -0.055 -0.014

92 0.00 WIND1 -5.285 -0.237 -2.082E-17

92 3162.28 WIND1 -4.574 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

92 6324.56 WIND1 -3.863 0.237 -2.082E-17

92 0.00 DEAD1 -0.274 -0.237 -2.082E-17

92 3162.28 DEAD1 0.437 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

92 6324.56 DEAD1 1.149 0.237 -2.082E-17

93 0.00 WIND1 -20.738 -0.237 -2.082E-17

93 3162.28 WIND1 -20.027 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

93 6324.56 WIND1 -19.315 0.237 -2.082E-17

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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS 

2013

51

93 0.00 DEAD1 0.503 -0.237 -2.082E-17

93 3162.28 DEAD1 1.214 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

93 6324.56 DEAD1 1.926 0.237 -2.082E-17

94 0.00 WIND1 -27.927 1.798 0.679

94 3000.00 WIND1 -26.939 1.798 0.679

94 6000.00 WIND1 -25.951 1.798 0.679

94 0.00 DEAD1 -21.660 -0.020 -0.01994 3000.00 DEAD1 -20.673 -0.020 -0.019

94 6000.00 DEAD1 -19.685 -0.020 -0.019

95 0.00 WIND1 9.188 -0.237 -2.082E-17

95 3162.28 WIND1 9.900 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

95 6324.56 WIND1 10.611 0.237 -2.082E-17

95 0.00 DEAD1 -0.329 -0.237 -2.082E-17

95 3162.28 DEAD1 0.382 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

95 6324.56 DEAD1 1.094 0.237 -2.082E-17

96 0.00 WIND1 -32.590 -0.237 -2.082E-17

96 3162.28 WIND1 -31.878 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

96 6324.56 WIND1 -31.167 0.237 -2.082E-17

96 0.00 DEAD1 -2.899E-03 -0.237 -2.082E-17

96 3162.28 DEAD1 0.709 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

96 6324.56 DEAD1 1.420 0.237 -2.082E-17

97 0.00 WIND1 -22.069 1.732 0.728

97 3000.00 WIND1 -21.082 1.732 0.728

97 6000.00 WIND1 -20.094 1.732 0.728

97 0.00 DEAD1 -11.657 -9.052E-03 -2.059E-03

97 3000.00 DEAD1 -10.669 -9.052E-03 -2.059E-03

97 6000.00 DEAD1 -9.681 -9.052E-03 -2.059E-03

98 0.00 WIND1 0.936 -0.053 1.214E-17

98 3162.28 WIND1 1.094 -6.245E-17 1.214E-17

98 6324.56 WIND1 1.252 0.053 1.214E-17

98 0.00 DEAD1 -0.200 -0.053 1.214E-17

98 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.042 -6.245E-17 1.214E-17

98 6324.56 DEAD1 0.116 0.053 1.214E-17

99 0.00 WIND1 5.582 -0.137 6.592E-17

99 3162.28 WIND1 5.994 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

99 6324.56 WIND1 6.405 0.137 6.592E-17

99 0.00 DEAD1 -1.501 -0.137 6.592E-17

99 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.090 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

99 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.679 0.137 6.592E-17

100 0.00 WIND1 -9.121 1.838 0.752

100 3000.00 WIND1 -8.133 1.838 0.752

100 6000.00 WIND1 -7.146 1.838 0.752

100 0.00 DEAD1 -12.192 1.793E-03 -8.054E-03

100 3000.00 DEAD1 -11.204 1.793E-03 -8.054E-03

100 6000.00 DEAD1 -10.216 1.793E-03 -8.054E-03101 0.00 WIND1 2.136 -0.053 1.214E-17

101 3162.28 WIND1 2.294 -6.245E-17 1.214E-17

101 6324.56 WIND1 2.452 0.053 1.214E-17

101 0.00 DEAD1 -0.281 -0.053 1.214E-17

101 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.123 -6.245E-17 1.214E-17

101 6324.56 DEAD1 0.035 0.053 1.214E-17

102 0.00 WIND1 17.861 -0.137 6.592E-17

102 3162.28 WIND1 18.272 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

102 6324.56 WIND1 18.683 0.137 6.592E-17

102 0.00 DEAD1 -1.060 -0.137 6.592E-17

102 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.648 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

102 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.237 0.137 6.592E-17

103 0.00 WIND1 -5.047 1.967 0.821

103 3000.00 WIND1 -4.059 1.967 0.821

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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS 

2013

52

103 6000.00 WIND1 -3.071 1.967 0.821

103 0.00 DEAD1 -11.811 5.605E-03 0.011

103 3000.00 DEAD1 -10.823 5.605E-03 0.011

103 6000.00 DEAD1 -9.835 5.605E-03 0.011

104 0.00 WIND1 -4.360 -0.237 -2.082E-17

104 3162.28 WIND1 -3.648 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

104 6324.56 WIND1 -2.937 0.237 -2.082E-17104 0.00 DEAD1 -1.172 -0.237 -2.082E-17

104 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.460 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

104 6324.56 DEAD1 0.251 0.237 -2.082E-17

105 0.00 WIND1 -28.955 -0.237 -2.082E-17

105 3162.28 WIND1 -28.243 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

105 6324.56 WIND1 -27.532 0.237 -2.082E-17

105 0.00 DEAD1 -1.770 -0.237 -2.082E-17

105 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.059 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

105 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.347 0.237 -2.082E-17

106 0.00 WIND1 16.164 1.819 0.748

106 3000.00 WIND1 17.152 1.819 0.748

106 6000.00 WIND1 18.140 1.819 0.748

106 0.00 DEAD1 -11.804 8.540E-03 8.731E-03

106 3000.00 DEAD1 -10.816 8.540E-03 8.731E-03

106 6000.00 DEAD1 -9.828 8.540E-03 8.731E-03

107 0.00 WIND1 4.081 -0.237 -2.082E-17

107 3162.28 WIND1 4.792 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

107 6324.56 WIND1 5.503 0.237 -2.082E-17

107 0.00 DEAD1 -1.060 -0.237 -2.082E-17

107 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.349 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

107 6324.56 DEAD1 0.363 0.237 -2.082E-17

108 0.00 WIND1 -18.544 -0.237 -2.082E-17

108 3162.28 WIND1 -17.833 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

108 6324.56 WIND1 -17.122 0.237 -2.082E-17

108 0.00 DEAD1 -1.370 -0.237 -2.082E-17

108 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.658 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17

108 6324.56 DEAD1 0.053 0.237 -2.082E-17

109 0.00 WIND1 -33.208 6.600 2.475

109 3000.00 WIND1 -31.042 6.600 2.475

109 6000.00 WIND1 -28.876 6.600 2.475

109 0.00 DEAD1 -7.854 0.028 0.019

109 3000.00 DEAD1 -5.688 0.028 0.019

109 6000.00 DEAD1 -3.522 0.028 0.019

110 0.00 WIND1 -8.095 -0.092 2.255E-17

110 3162.28 WIND1 -7.818 -2.776E-17 2.255E-17

110 6324.56 WIND1 -7.541 0.092 2.255E-17

110 0.00 DEAD1 -0.222 -0.092 2.255E-17

110 3162.28 DEAD1 0.055 -2.776E-17 2.255E-17110 6324.56 DEAD1 0.333 0.092 2.255E-17

111 0.00 WIND1 -2.995 -0.116 -1.388E-17

111 3162.28 WIND1 -2.647 -1.388E-17 -1.388E-17

111 6324.56 WIND1 -2.300 0.116 -1.388E-17

111 0.00 DEAD1 0.595 -0.116 -1.388E-17

111 3162.28 DEAD1 0.942 -1.388E-17 -1.388E-17

111 6324.56 DEAD1 1.290 0.116 -1.388E-17

112 0.00 WIND1 -13.932 6.158 2.153

112 3000.00 WIND1 -11.766 6.158 2.153

112 6000.00 WIND1 -9.600 6.158 2.153

112 0.00 DEAD1 -7.610 0.039 -3.772E-03

112 3000.00 DEAD1 -5.444 0.039 -3.772E-03

112 6000.00 DEAD1 -3.278 0.039 -3.772E-03

113 0.00 WIND1 3.180 -0.053 1.214E-17

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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS 

2013

53

113 3162.28 WIND1 3.338 -6.245E-17 1.214E-17

113 6324.56 WIND1 3.496 0.053 1.214E-17

113 0.00 DEAD1 -0.103 -0.053 1.214E-17

113 3162.28 DEAD1 0.055 -6.245E-17 1.214E-17

113 6324.56 DEAD1 0.213 0.053 1.214E-17

114 0.00 WIND1 -11.736 -0.137 6.592E-17

114 3162.28 WIND1 -11.325 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17114 6324.56 WIND1 -10.914 0.137 6.592E-17

114 0.00 DEAD1 0.130 -0.137 6.592E-17

114 3162.28 DEAD1 0.542 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

114 6324.56 DEAD1 0.953 0.137 6.592E-17

115 0.00 WIND1 -4.008 5.920 1.904

115 3000.00 WIND1 -1.842 5.920 1.904

115 6000.00 WIND1 0.324 5.920 1.904

115 0.00 DEAD1 -8.197 -0.025 0.027

115 3000.00 DEAD1 -6.031 -0.025 0.027

115 6000.00 DEAD1 -3.865 -0.025 0.027

116 0.00 WIND1 -8.494 -0.092 2.255E-17

116 3162.28 WIND1 -8.217 -2.776E-17 2.255E-17

116 6324.56 WIND1 -7.940 0.092 2.255E-17

116 0.00 DEAD1 0.021 -0.092 2.255E-17

116 3162.28 DEAD1 0.299 -2.776E-17 2.255E-17

116 6324.56 DEAD1 0.576 0.092 2.255E-17

117 0.00 WIND1 21.592 -0.137 6.592E-17

117 3162.28 WIND1 22.003 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

117 6324.56 WIND1 22.414 0.137 6.592E-17

117 0.00 DEAD1 0.583 -0.137 6.592E-17

117 3162.28 DEAD1 0.994 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17

117 6324.56 DEAD1 1.405 0.137 6.592E-17

118 0.00 WIND1 16.517 6.059 1.987

118 3000.00 WIND1 18.683 6.059 1.987

118 6000.00 WIND1 20.849 6.059 1.987

118 0.00 DEAD1 -7.749 -7.058E-03 -7.424E-03

118 3000.00 DEAD1 -5.583 -7.058E-03 -7.424E-03

118 6000.00 DEAD1 -3.417 -7.058E-03 -7.424E-03

119 0.00 WIND1 7.361 -0.069 0.000

119 3162.28 WIND1 7.568 -6.939E-17 0.000

119 6324.56 WIND1 7.775 0.069 0.000

119 0.00 DEAD1 0.202 -0.069 0.000

119 3162.28 DEAD1 0.409 -6.939E-17 0.000

119 6324.56 DEAD1 0.616 0.069 0.000

120 0.00 WIND1 10.283 -0.116 -1.388E-17

120 3162.28 WIND1 10.630 -1.388E-17 -1.388E-17

120 6324.56 WIND1 10.978 0.116 -1.388E-17

120 0.00 DEAD1 0.252 -0.116 -1.388E-17120 3162.28 DEAD1 0.599 -1.388E-17 -1.388E-17

120 6324.56 DEAD1 0.947 0.116 -1.388E-17

121 0.00 WIND1 -14.534 -0.091 -1.970E-03

121 464.29 WIND1 -14.534 -0.066 -1.970E-03

121 928.57 WIND1 -14.534 -0.042 -1.970E-03

121 1392.86 WIND1 -14.534 -0.018 -1.970E-03

121 1857.14 WIND1 -14.534 6.874E-03 -1.970E-03

121 2321.43 WIND1 -14.534 0.031 -1.970E-03

121 2785.71 WIND1 -14.534 0.056 -1.970E-03

121 3250.00 WIND1 -14.534 0.080 -1.970E-03

121 3250.00 WIND1 14.024 -0.102 -0.011

121 3714.29 WIND1 14.024 -0.077 -0.011

121 4178.57 WIND1 14.024 -0.053 -0.011

121 4642.86 WIND1 14.024 -0.028 -0.011

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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS 

2013

54

121 5107.14 WIND1 14.024 -3.892E-03 -0.011

121 5571.43 WIND1 14.024 0.021 -0.011

121 6035.71 WIND1 14.024 0.045 -0.011

121 6500.00 WIND1 14.024 0.069 -0.011

121 0.00 DEAD1 -1.752 -0.082 1.204E-03

121 464.29 DEAD1 -1.752 -0.058 1.204E-03

121 928.57 DEAD1 -1.752 -0.033 1.204E-03121 1392.86 DEAD1 -1.752 -8.657E-03 1.204E-03

121 1857.14 DEAD1 -1.752 0.016 1.204E-03

121 2321.43 DEAD1 -1.752 0.040 1.204E-03

121 2785.71 DEAD1 -1.752 0.065 1.204E-03

121 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.752 0.089 1.204E-03

121 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.089 -1.253E-03

121 3714.29 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.065 -1.253E-03

121 4178.57 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.040 -1.253E-03

121 4642.86 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.016 -1.253E-03

121 5107.14 DEAD1 -1.827 8.609E-03 -1.253E-03

121 5571.43 DEAD1 -1.827 0.033 -1.253E-03

121 6035.71 DEAD1 -1.827 0.057 -1.253E-03

121 6500.00 DEAD1 -1.827 0.082 -1.253E-03

122 0.00 WIND1 -15.197 -0.094 -5.022E-03

122 464.29 WIND1 -15.197 -0.070 -5.022E-03

122 928.57 WIND1 -15.197 -0.045 -5.022E-03

122 1392.86 WIND1 -15.197 -0.021 -5.022E-03

122 1857.14 WIND1 -15.197 3.690E-03 -5.022E-03

122 2321.43 WIND1 -15.197 0.028 -5.022E-03

122 2785.71 WIND1 -15.197 0.053 -5.022E-03

122 3250.00 WIND1 -15.197 0.077 -5.022E-03

122 3250.00 WIND1 14.055 -0.098 -7.793E-03

122 3714.29 WIND1 14.055 -0.074 -7.793E-03

122 4178.57 WIND1 14.055 -0.049 -7.793E-03

122 4642.86 WIND1 14.055 -0.025 -7.793E-03

122 5107.14 WIND1 14.055 -5.327E-04 -7.793E-03

122 5571.43 WIND1 14.055 0.024 -7.793E-03

122 6035.71 WIND1 14.055 0.048 -7.793E-03

122 6500.00 WIND1 14.055 0.073 -7.793E-03

122 0.00 DEAD1 -1.753 -0.080 4.269E-03

122 464.29 DEAD1 -1.753 -0.056 4.269E-03

122 928.57 DEAD1 -1.753 -0.031 4.269E-03

122 1392.86 DEAD1 -1.753 -6.821E-03 4.269E-03

122 1857.14 DEAD1 -1.753 0.018 4.269E-03

122 2321.43 DEAD1 -1.753 0.042 4.269E-03

122 2785.71 DEAD1 -1.753 0.067 4.269E-03

122 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.753 0.091 4.269E-03

122 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.831 -0.091 -4.341E-03122 3714.29 DEAD1 -1.831 -0.067 -4.341E-03

122 4178.57 DEAD1 -1.831 -0.042 -4.341E-03

122 4642.86 DEAD1 -1.831 -0.018 -4.341E-03

122 5107.14 DEAD1 -1.831 6.736E-03 -4.341E-03

122 5571.43 DEAD1 -1.831 0.031 -4.341E-03

122 6035.71 DEAD1 -1.831 0.056 -4.341E-03

122 6500.00 DEAD1 -1.831 0.080 -4.341E-03

123 0.00 WIND1 -3.249 -0.097 -9.656E-03

123 464.29 WIND1 -3.249 -0.072 -9.656E-03

123 928.57 WIND1 -3.249 -0.048 -9.656E-03

123 1392.86 WIND1 -3.249 -0.023 -9.656E-03

123 1857.14 WIND1 -3.249 9.710E-04 -9.656E-03

123 2321.43 WIND1 -3.249 0.025 -9.656E-03

123 2785.71 WIND1 -3.249 0.050 -9.656E-03

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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS 

2013

55

123 3250.00 WIND1 -3.249 0.074 -9.656E-03

123 3250.00 WIND1 2.739 -0.071 0.012

123 3714.29 WIND1 2.739 -0.047 0.012

123 4178.57 WIND1 2.739 -0.022 0.012

123 4642.86 WIND1 2.739 2.073E-03 0.012

123 5107.14 WIND1 2.739 0.027 0.012

123 5571.43 WIND1 2.739 0.051 0.012123 6035.71 WIND1 2.739 0.075 0.012

123 6500.00 WIND1 2.739 0.100 0.012

123 0.00 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.082 3.793E-04

123 464.29 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.058 3.793E-04

123 928.57 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.033 3.793E-04

123 1392.86 DEAD1 -1.827 -8.745E-03 3.793E-04

123 1857.14 DEAD1 -1.827 0.016 3.793E-04

123 2321.43 DEAD1 -1.827 0.040 3.793E-04

123 2785.71 DEAD1 -1.827 0.065 3.793E-04

123 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.827 0.089 3.793E-04

123 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.765 -0.089 -3.459E-04

123 3714.29 DEAD1 -1.765 -0.065 -3.459E-04

123 4178.57 DEAD1 -1.765 -0.040 -3.459E-04

123 4642.86 DEAD1 -1.765 -0.016 -3.459E-04

123 5107.14 DEAD1 -1.765 8.808E-03 -3.459E-04

123 5571.43 DEAD1 -1.765 0.033 -3.459E-04

123 6035.71 DEAD1 -1.765 0.058 -3.459E-04

123 6500.00 DEAD1 -1.765 0.082 -3.459E-04

124 0.00 WIND1 -3.470 -0.073 3.693E-03

124 464.29 WIND1 -3.470 -0.049 3.693E-03

124 928.57 WIND1 -3.470 -0.024 3.693E-03

124 1392.86 WIND1 -3.470 4.261E-05 3.693E-03

124 1857.14 WIND1 -3.470 0.024 3.693E-03

124 2321.43 WIND1 -3.470 0.049 3.693E-03

124 2785.71 WIND1 -3.470 0.073 3.693E-03

124 3250.00 WIND1 -3.470 0.098 3.693E-03

124 3250.00 WIND1 2.308 -0.095 -1.776E-03

124 3714.29 WIND1 2.308 -0.070 -1.776E-03

124 4178.57 WIND1 2.308 -0.046 -1.776E-03

124 4642.86 WIND1 2.308 -0.022 -1.776E-03

124 5107.14 WIND1 2.308 2.883E-03 -1.776E-03

124 5571.43 WIND1 2.308 0.027 -1.776E-03

124 6035.71 WIND1 2.308 0.052 -1.776E-03

124 6500.00 WIND1 2.308 0.076 -1.776E-03

124 0.00 DEAD1 -1.862 -0.079 5.955E-03

124 464.29 DEAD1 -1.862 -0.054 5.955E-03

124 928.57 DEAD1 -1.862 -0.030 5.955E-03

124 1392.86 DEAD1 -1.862 -5.335E-03 5.955E-03124 1857.14 DEAD1 -1.862 0.019 5.955E-03

124 2321.43 DEAD1 -1.862 0.044 5.955E-03

124 2785.71 DEAD1 -1.862 0.068 5.955E-03

124 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.862 0.092 5.955E-03

124 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.730 -0.092 -5.947E-03

124 3714.29 DEAD1 -1.730 -0.068 -5.947E-03

124 4178.57 DEAD1 -1.730 -0.044 -5.947E-03

124 4642.86 DEAD1 -1.730 -0.019 -5.947E-03

124 5107.14 DEAD1 -1.730 5.359E-03 -5.947E-03

124 5571.43 DEAD1 -1.730 0.030 -5.947E-03

124 6035.71 DEAD1 -1.730 0.054 -5.947E-03

124 6500.00 DEAD1 -1.730 0.079 -5.947E-03

125 0.00 WIND1 -11.987 -0.100 -0.020

125 500.00 WIND1 -11.987 -0.074 -0.020

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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS 

2013

56

125 1000.00 WIND1 -11.987 -0.048 -0.020

125 1500.00 WIND1 -11.987 -0.021 -0.020

125 2000.00 WIND1 -11.987 4.992E-03 -0.020

125 2500.00 WIND1 -11.987 0.031 -0.020

125 2500.00 WIND1 0.138 -0.133 -0.054

125 3000.00 WIND1 0.138 -0.107 -0.054

125 3500.00 WIND1 0.138 -0.080 -0.054125 4000.00 WIND1 0.138 -0.054 -0.054

125 4500.00 WIND1 0.138 -0.028 -0.054

125 5000.00 WIND1 0.138 -1.202E-03 -0.054

125 0.00 DEAD1 -3.054 -0.055 8.078E-03

125 500.00 DEAD1 -3.054 -0.028 8.078E-03

125 1000.00 DEAD1 -3.054 -1.858E-03 8.078E-03

125 1500.00 DEAD1 -3.054 0.024 8.078E-03

125 2000.00 DEAD1 -3.054 0.051 8.078E-03

125 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.054 0.077 8.078E-03

125 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.328 -0.078 -8.516E-03

125 3000.00 DEAD1 -3.328 -0.051 -8.516E-03

125 3500.00 DEAD1 -3.328 -0.025 -8.516E-03

125 4000.00 DEAD1 -3.328 1.474E-03 -8.516E-03

125 4500.00 DEAD1 -3.328 0.028 -8.516E-03

125 5000.00 DEAD1 -3.328 0.054 -8.516E-03

126 0.00 WIND1 -4.133 -0.105 -0.021

126 500.00 WIND1 -4.133 -0.078 -0.021

126 1000.00 WIND1 -4.133 -0.052 -0.021

126 1500.00 WIND1 -4.133 -0.026 -0.021

126 2000.00 WIND1 -4.133 7.456E-04 -0.021

126 2500.00 WIND1 -4.133 0.027 -0.021

126 2500.00 WIND1 9.938 -0.104 -0.013

126 3000.00 WIND1 9.938 -0.078 -0.013

126 3500.00 WIND1 9.938 -0.051 -0.013

126 4000.00 WIND1 9.938 -0.025 -0.013

126 4500.00 WIND1 9.938 1.465E-03 -0.013

126 5000.00 WIND1 9.938 0.028 -0.013

126 0.00 DEAD1 -3.200 -0.057 4.027E-03

126 500.00 DEAD1 -3.200 -0.031 4.027E-03

126 1000.00 DEAD1 -3.200 -4.403E-03 4.027E-03

126 1500.00 DEAD1 -3.200 0.022 4.027E-03

126 2000.00 DEAD1 -3.200 0.048 4.027E-03

126 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.200 0.075 4.027E-03

126 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.125 -0.075 -4.375E-03

126 3000.00 DEAD1 -3.125 -0.049 -4.375E-03

126 3500.00 DEAD1 -3.125 -0.022 -4.375E-03

126 4000.00 DEAD1 -3.125 4.048E-03 -4.375E-03

126 4500.00 DEAD1 -3.125 0.030 -4.375E-03126 5000.00 DEAD1 -3.125 0.057 -4.375E-03

127 0.00 WIND1 10.158 -0.083 -0.010

127 500.00 WIND1 10.158 -0.057 -0.010

127 1000.00 WIND1 10.158 -0.030 -0.010

127 1500.00 WIND1 10.158 -4.040E-03 -0.010

127 2000.00 WIND1 10.158 0.022 -0.010

127 2500.00 WIND1 10.158 0.049 -0.010

127 2500.00 WIND1 17.707 -0.037 0.015

127 3000.00 WIND1 17.707 -0.011 0.015

127 3500.00 WIND1 17.707 0.016 0.015

127 4000.00 WIND1 17.707 0.042 0.015

127 4500.00 WIND1 17.707 0.068 0.015

127 5000.00 WIND1 17.707 0.095 0.015

127 0.00 DEAD1 -3.397 -0.057 4.391E-03

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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS 

2013

57

127 500.00 DEAD1 -3.397 -0.030 4.391E-03

127 1000.00 DEAD1 -3.397 -4.010E-03 4.391E-03

127 1500.00 DEAD1 -3.397 0.022 4.391E-03

127 2000.00 DEAD1 -3.397 0.049 4.391E-03

127 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.397 0.075 4.391E-03

127 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.442 -0.075 -4.040E-03

127 3000.00 DEAD1 -3.442 -0.048 -4.040E-03127 3500.00 DEAD1 -3.442 -0.022 -4.040E-03

127 4000.00 DEAD1 -3.442 4.380E-03 -4.040E-03

127 4500.00 DEAD1 -3.442 0.031 -4.040E-03

127 5000.00 DEAD1 -3.442 0.057 -4.040E-03

128 0.00 WIND1 -21.655 -0.030 0.018

128 500.00 WIND1 -21.655 -3.591E-03 0.018

128 1000.00 WIND1 -21.655 0.023 0.018

128 1500.00 WIND1 -21.655 0.049 0.018

128 2000.00 WIND1 -21.655 0.075 0.018

128 2500.00 WIND1 -21.655 0.102 0.018

128 2500.00 WIND1 -13.271 -0.083 -1.457E-03

128 3000.00 WIND1 -13.271 -0.057 -1.457E-03

128 3500.00 WIND1 -13.271 -0.030 -1.457E-03

128 4000.00 WIND1 -13.271 -3.885E-03 -1.457E-03

128 4500.00 WIND1 -13.271 0.022 -1.457E-03

128 5000.00 WIND1 -13.271 0.049 -1.457E-03

128 0.00 DEAD1 -3.654 -0.054 8.485E-03

128 500.00 DEAD1 -3.654 -0.028 8.485E-03

128 1000.00 DEAD1 -3.654 -1.471E-03 8.485E-03

128 1500.00 DEAD1 -3.654 0.025 8.485E-03

128 2000.00 DEAD1 -3.654 0.051 8.485E-03

128 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.654 0.078 8.485E-03

128 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.364 -0.077 -8.122E-03

128 3000.00 DEAD1 -3.364 -0.051 -8.122E-03

128 3500.00 DEAD1 -3.364 -0.025 -8.122E-03

128 4000.00 DEAD1 -3.364 1.822E-03 -8.122E-03

128 4500.00 DEAD1 -3.364 0.028 -8.122E-03

128 5000.00 DEAD1 -3.364 0.054 -8.122E-03

157 0.00 WIND1 -2.680 -5.079 -0.587

157 500.00 WIND1 -2.680 -4.961 -0.587

157 1000.00 WIND1 -2.680 -4.842 -0.587

157 1500.00 WIND1 -2.680 -4.724 -0.587

157 2000.00 WIND1 -2.680 -4.605 -0.587

157 0.00 DEAD1 -0.293 -0.223 5.094E-03

157 500.00 DEAD1 -0.293 -0.104 5.094E-03

157 1000.00 DEAD1 -0.293 0.014 5.094E-03

157 1500.00 DEAD1 -0.293 0.133 5.094E-03

157 2000.00 DEAD1 -0.293 0.251 5.094E-03158 0.00 WIND1 0.119 -4.956 -0.513

158 500.00 WIND1 0.119 -4.837 -0.513

158 1000.00 WIND1 0.119 -4.718 -0.513

158 1500.00 WIND1 0.119 -4.600 -0.513

158 2000.00 WIND1 0.119 -4.481 -0.513

158 0.00 DEAD1 -0.145 -0.267 -0.021

158 500.00 DEAD1 -0.145 -0.149 -0.021

158 1000.00 DEAD1 -0.145 -0.030 -0.021

158 1500.00 DEAD1 -0.145 0.089 -0.021

158 2000.00 DEAD1 -0.145 0.207 -0.021

159 0.00 WIND1 0.832 0.844 -0.178

159 500.00 WIND1 0.832 0.962 -0.178

159 1000.00 WIND1 0.832 1.081 -0.178

159 1500.00 WIND1 0.832 1.199 -0.178

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159 2000.00 WIND1 0.832 1.318 -0.178

159 0.00 DEAD1 6.798E-03 -0.223 6.074E-03

159 500.00 DEAD1 6.798E-03 -0.105 6.074E-03

159 1000.00 DEAD1 6.798E-03 0.014 6.074E-03

159 1500.00 DEAD1 6.798E-03 0.133 6.074E-03

159 2000.00 DEAD1 6.798E-03 0.251 6.074E-03

160 0.00 WIND1 0.098 0.971 -0.097160 500.00 WIND1 0.098 1.090 -0.097

160 1000.00 WIND1 0.098 1.208 -0.097

160 1500.00 WIND1 0.098 1.327 -0.097

160 2000.00 WIND1 0.098 1.446 -0.097

160 0.00 DEAD1 -0.108 -0.267 -0.019

160 500.00 DEAD1 -0.108 -0.149 -0.019

160 1000.00 DEAD1 -0.108 -0.030 -0.019

160 1500.00 DEAD1 -0.108 0.088 -0.019

160 2000.00 DEAD1 -0.108 0.207 -0.019

161 0.00 WIND1 -0.201 -0.121 -3.816E-17

161 459.62 WIND1 -0.201 -0.097 -3.816E-17

161 919.24 WIND1 -0.201 -0.073 -3.816E-17

161 1378.86 WIND1 -0.201 -0.048 -3.816E-17

161 1838.48 WIND1 -0.201 -0.024 -3.816E-17

161 2298.10 WIND1 -0.201 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17

161 2757.72 WIND1 -0.201 0.024 -3.816E-17

161 3217.34 WIND1 -0.201 0.048 -3.816E-17

161 3676.96 WIND1 -0.201 0.073 -3.816E-17

161 4136.57 WIND1 -0.201 0.097 -3.816E-17

161 4596.19 WIND1 -0.201 0.121 -3.816E-17

161 0.00 DEAD1 -0.149 -0.121 -3.816E-17

161 459.62 DEAD1 -0.149 -0.097 -3.816E-17

161 919.24 DEAD1 -0.149 -0.073 -3.816E-17

161 1378.86 DEAD1 -0.149 -0.048 -3.816E-17

161 1838.48 DEAD1 -0.149 -0.024 -3.816E-17

161 2298.10 DEAD1 -0.149 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17

161 2757.72 DEAD1 -0.149 0.024 -3.816E-17

161 3217.34 DEAD1 -0.149 0.048 -3.816E-17

161 3676.96 DEAD1 -0.149 0.073 -3.816E-17

161 4136.57 DEAD1 -0.149 0.097 -3.816E-17

161 4596.19 DEAD1 -0.149 0.121 -3.816E-17

162 0.00 WIND1 -0.099 -0.121 -3.816E-17

162 459.62 WIND1 -0.099 -0.097 -3.816E-17

162 919.24 WIND1 -0.099 -0.073 -3.816E-17

162 1378.86 WIND1 -0.099 -0.048 -3.816E-17

162 1838.48 WIND1 -0.099 -0.024 -3.816E-17

162 2298.10 WIND1 -0.099 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17

162 2757.72 WIND1 -0.099 0.024 -3.816E-17162 3217.34 WIND1 -0.099 0.048 -3.816E-17

162 3676.96 WIND1 -0.099 0.073 -3.816E-17

162 4136.57 WIND1 -0.099 0.097 -3.816E-17

162 4596.19 WIND1 -0.099 0.121 -3.816E-17

162 0.00 DEAD1 -0.127 -0.121 -3.816E-17

162 459.62 DEAD1 -0.127 -0.097 -3.816E-17

162 919.24 DEAD1 -0.127 -0.073 -3.816E-17

162 1378.86 DEAD1 -0.127 -0.048 -3.816E-17

162 1838.48 DEAD1 -0.127 -0.024 -3.816E-17

162 2298.10 DEAD1 -0.127 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17

162 2757.72 DEAD1 -0.127 0.024 -3.816E-17

162 3217.34 DEAD1 -0.127 0.048 -3.816E-17

162 3676.96 DEAD1 -0.127 0.073 -3.816E-17

162 4136.57 DEAD1 -0.127 0.097 -3.816E-17

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162 4596.19 DEAD1 -0.127 0.121 -3.816E-17

163 0.00 WIND1 -0.102 -0.121 -3.816E-17

163 459.62 WIND1 -0.102 -0.097 -3.816E-17

163 919.24 WIND1 -0.102 -0.073 -3.816E-17

163 1378.86 WIND1 -0.102 -0.048 -3.816E-17

163 1838.48 WIND1 -0.102 -0.024 -3.816E-17

163 2298.10 WIND1 -0.102 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17163 2757.72 WIND1 -0.102 0.024 -3.816E-17

163 3217.34 WIND1 -0.102 0.048 -3.816E-17

163 3676.96 WIND1 -0.102 0.073 -3.816E-17

163 4136.57 WIND1 -0.102 0.097 -3.816E-17

163 4596.19 WIND1 -0.102 0.121 -3.816E-17

163 0.00 DEAD1 -0.144 -0.121 -3.816E-17

163 459.62 DEAD1 -0.144 -0.097 -3.816E-17

163 919.24 DEAD1 -0.144 -0.073 -3.816E-17

163 1378.86 DEAD1 -0.144 -0.048 -3.816E-17

163 1838.48 DEAD1 -0.144 -0.024 -3.816E-17

163 2298.10 DEAD1 -0.144 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17

163 2757.72 DEAD1 -0.144 0.024 -3.816E-17

163 3217.34 DEAD1 -0.144 0.048 -3.816E-17

163 3676.96 DEAD1 -0.144 0.073 -3.816E-17

163 4136.57 DEAD1 -0.144 0.097 -3.816E-17

163 4596.19 DEAD1 -0.144 0.121 -3.816E-17

164 0.00 WIND1 -0.186 -0.121 -3.816E-17

164 459.62 WIND1 -0.186 -0.097 -3.816E-17

164 919.24 WIND1 -0.186 -0.073 -3.816E-17

164 1378.86 WIND1 -0.186 -0.048 -3.816E-17

164 1838.48 WIND1 -0.186 -0.024 -3.816E-17

164 2298.10 WIND1 -0.186 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17

164 2757.72 WIND1 -0.186 0.024 -3.816E-17

164 3217.34 WIND1 -0.186 0.048 -3.816E-17

164 3676.96 WIND1 -0.186 0.073 -3.816E-17

164 4136.57 WIND1 -0.186 0.097 -3.816E-17

164 4596.19 WIND1 -0.186 0.121 -3.816E-17

164 0.00 DEAD1 -0.151 -0.121 -3.816E-17

164 459.62 DEAD1 -0.151 -0.097 -3.816E-17

164 919.24 DEAD1 -0.151 -0.073 -3.816E-17

164 1378.86 DEAD1 -0.151 -0.048 -3.816E-17

164 1838.48 DEAD1 -0.151 -0.024 -3.816E-17

164 2298.10 DEAD1 -0.151 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17

164 2757.72 DEAD1 -0.151 0.024 -3.816E-17

164 3217.34 DEAD1 -0.151 0.048 -3.816E-17

164 3676.96 DEAD1 -0.151 0.073 -3.816E-17

164 4136.57 DEAD1 -0.151 0.097 -3.816E-17

164 4596.19 DEAD1 -0.151 0.121 -3.816E-17165 0.00 WIND1 -0.526 -0.093 2.776E-17

165 441.94 WIND1 -0.526 -0.070 2.776E-17

165 883.88 WIND1 -0.526 -0.047 2.776E-17

165 1325.83 WIND1 -0.526 -0.023 2.776E-17

165 1767.77 WIND1 -0.526 7.633E-17 2.776E-17

165 2209.71 WIND1 -0.526 0.023 2.776E-17

165 2651.65 WIND1 -0.526 0.047 2.776E-17

165 3093.59 WIND1 -0.526 0.070 2.776E-17

165 3535.53 WIND1 -0.526 0.093 2.776E-17

165 0.00 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.093 2.776E-17

165 441.94 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.070 2.776E-17

165 883.88 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.047 2.776E-17

165 1325.83 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.023 2.776E-17

165 1767.77 DEAD1 -0.233 7.633E-17 2.776E-17

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165 2209.71 DEAD1 -0.233 0.023 2.776E-17

165 2651.65 DEAD1 -0.233 0.047 2.776E-17

165 3093.59 DEAD1 -0.233 0.070 2.776E-17

165 3535.53 DEAD1 -0.233 0.093 2.776E-17

166 0.00 WIND1 0.258 -0.093 2.776E-17

166 441.94 WIND1 0.258 -0.070 2.776E-17

166 883.88 WIND1 0.258 -0.047 2.776E-17166 1325.83 WIND1 0.258 -0.023 2.776E-17

166 1767.77 WIND1 0.258 7.633E-17 2.776E-17

166 2209.71 WIND1 0.258 0.023 2.776E-17

166 2651.65 WIND1 0.258 0.047 2.776E-17

166 3093.59 WIND1 0.258 0.070 2.776E-17

166 3535.53 WIND1 0.258 0.093 2.776E-17

166 0.00 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 -0.093 2.776E-17

166 441.94 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 -0.070 2.776E-17

166 883.88 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 -0.047 2.776E-17

166 1325.83 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 -0.023 2.776E-17

166 1767.77 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 7.633E-17 2.776E-17

166 2209.71 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 0.023 2.776E-17

166 2651.65 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 0.047 2.776E-17

166 3093.59 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 0.070 2.776E-17

166 3535.53 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 0.093 2.776E-17

167 0.00 WIND1 0.230 -0.093 2.776E-17

167 441.94 WIND1 0.230 -0.070 2.776E-17

167 883.88 WIND1 0.230 -0.047 2.776E-17

167 1325.83 WIND1 0.230 -0.023 2.776E-17

167 1767.77 WIND1 0.230 7.633E-17 2.776E-17

167 2209.71 WIND1 0.230 0.023 2.776E-17

167 2651.65 WIND1 0.230 0.047 2.776E-17

167 3093.59 WIND1 0.230 0.070 2.776E-17

167 3535.53 WIND1 0.230 0.093 2.776E-17

167 0.00 DEAD1 -0.037 -0.093 2.776E-17

167 441.94 DEAD1 -0.037 -0.070 2.776E-17

167 883.88 DEAD1 -0.037 -0.047 2.776E-17

167 1325.83 DEAD1 -0.037 -0.023 2.776E-17

167 1767.77 DEAD1 -0.037 7.633E-17 2.776E-17

167 2209.71 DEAD1 -0.037 0.023 2.776E-17

167 2651.65 DEAD1 -0.037 0.047 2.776E-17

167 3093.59 DEAD1 -0.037 0.070 2.776E-17

167 3535.53 DEAD1 -0.037 0.093 2.776E-17

168 0.00 WIND1 -0.511 -0.093 2.776E-17

168 441.94 WIND1 -0.511 -0.070 2.776E-17

168 883.88 WIND1 -0.511 -0.047 2.776E-17

168 1325.83 WIND1 -0.511 -0.023 2.776E-17

168 1767.77 WIND1 -0.511 7.633E-17 2.776E-17168 2209.71 WIND1 -0.511 0.023 2.776E-17

168 2651.65 WIND1 -0.511 0.047 2.776E-17

168 3093.59 WIND1 -0.511 0.070 2.776E-17

168 3535.53 WIND1 -0.511 0.093 2.776E-17

168 0.00 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.093 2.776E-17

168 441.94 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.070 2.776E-17

168 883.88 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.047 2.776E-17

168 1325.83 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.023 2.776E-17

168 1767.77 DEAD1 -0.233 7.633E-17 2.776E-17

168 2209.71 DEAD1 -0.233 0.023 2.776E-17

168 2651.65 DEAD1 -0.233 0.047 2.776E-17

168 3093.59 DEAD1 -0.233 0.070 2.776E-17

168 3535.53 DEAD1 -0.233 0.093 2.776E-17

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10. Material take-off

This section provides a material take-off.

Table 18: Material List - By Section PropertySection Object

Type

Num of

Pieces

Total

Length

Total

Weight

mm KN

ISA60X60X6 Frame 19 97500.58 5.133

ISA60X60X8 Frame 1 6324.56 0.436

ISA65X65X10 Frame 2 12649.11 1.168

ISA80X80X10 Frame 2 12649.11 1.465

ISA80X80X12 Frame 29 181632.98 24.900

ISA90X90X12 Frame 3 19218.35 2.987

ISA110X110X15 Frame 33 190257.08 45.120

ISA150X150X15 Frame 14 85441.42 28.135

ISA150X150X18 Frame 1 6000.00 2.346

ISA200X200X25 Frame 36 202753.86 146.389

TABLE 13: Steel Design - Beam Shear Forces - Indian IS 800:2007 

Frame Design Sect Combo

Left

V Major

Left

Combo

Right

V Major

Right

Text Text Text KN Text KN

121 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.259 DSTL6 0.227

122 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.261 DSTL6 0.229

123 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.268 DSTL6 0.273

124 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.228 DSTL6 0.232

125 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.232 DSTL7 0.083

126 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.242 DSTL6 0.127

127 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.21 DSTL6 0.227

128 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.126 DSTL6 0.155

157 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 7.954 DSTL7 7.284

158 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 7.834 DSTL7 7.033

159 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 1.6 DSTL6 2.354

160 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 1.858 DSTL6 2.479

161 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.363 DSTL6 0.363

162 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.363 DSTL6 0.363

163 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.363 DSTL6 0.363

164 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.363 DSTL6 0.363

165 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.279 DSTL6 0.279

166 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.279 DSTL6 0.279

167 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.279 DSTL6 0.279

168 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.279 DSTL6 0.279

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TABLE 14: Steel Design - Brace Max Axial Load - Indian IS 800:2007 

Frame Design Sect Combo

Comp

P Max

Comp

Combo

Tens

P Max

Tens

Text Text Text KN Text KN1 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -491.455 DSTL7 -491.455

2 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -7.264 DSTL7 -7.264

3 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -34.689 DSTL7 -34.689

4 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -552.095 DSTL7 -552.095

5 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -10.937 DSTL6 -8.88

6 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -35.408 DSTL7 -35.408

7 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -744.451 DSTL6 -733.621

8 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -6.75 DSTL7 -6.75

9 ISA90X90X12 DSTL6 -38.324 DSTL6 -35.993

10 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -682.361 DSTL6 -671.53111 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -10.637 DSTL6 -8.581

12 ISA90X90X12 DSTL6 -38.973 DSTL6 -36.642

13 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -452.58 DSTL7 -452.58

14 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -11.132 DSTL7 -11.132

15 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -17.74 DSTL7 -17.74

16 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -531.204 DSTL7 -531.204

17 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -14.467 DSTL6 -12.411

18 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -18.902 DSTL7 -18.902

19 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -706.974 DSTL6 -696.144

20 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -10.664 DSTL7 -10.66421 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -20.508 DSTL6 -18.452

22 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -624.814 DSTL6 -613.984

23 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -14.265 DSTL6 -12.209

24 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -21.741 DSTL6 -19.685

25 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -469.397 DSTL7 -469.397

26 ISA150X150X15 DSTL7 39.721 DSTL7 39.721

27 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 8.801 DSTL6 12.358

28 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -584.829 DSTL7 -584.829

29 ISA150X150X15 DSTL7 58.698 DSTL7 58.698

30 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 24.371 DSTL7 24.37131 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -755.79 DSTL6 -744.96

32 ISA150X150X15 DSTL6 63.831 DSTL6 68.77

33 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 31.064 DSTL6 34.621

34 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -629.499 DSTL6 -618.669

35 ISA150X150X15 DSTL6 42.378 DSTL6 47.318

36 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 9.483 DSTL7 9.483

37 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -368.881 DSTL7 -368.881

38 ISA150X150X15 DSTL7 -149.818 DSTL7 -149.818

39 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -122.929 DSTL6 -119.372

40 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -460.105 DSTL7 -460.10541 ISA150X150X15 DSTL7 -94.843 DSTL7 -94.843

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42 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -50.95 DSTL6 -47.393

43 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -570.582 DSTL6 -559.752

44 ISA150X150X15 DSTL6 -118.915 DSTL6 -113.975

45 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -32.202 DSTL7 -32.202

46 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -443.986 DSTL6 -433.156

47 ISA150X150X15 DSTL6 -182.68 DSTL6 -177.741

48 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -92.162 DSTL7 -92.162

50 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -13.346 DSTL7 -13.346

51 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -114.147 DSTL7 -114.147

53 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -28.278 DSTL7 -28.278

54 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -103.126 DSTL7 -103.126

56 ISA90X90X12 DSTL6 -42.938 DSTL6 -40.141

57 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -123.476 DSTL6 -110.48

59 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -15.899 DSTL6 -13.431

60 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -131.878 DSTL6 -118.882

62 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 22.711 DSTL7 22.711

63 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 74.537 DSTL6 78.806

65 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 2.538 DSTL6 5.005

66 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 83.104 DSTL6 87.373

68 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 2.593 DSTL6 5.061

69 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 77.947 DSTL7 77.947

71 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 28.062 DSTL6 30.53

72 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 72.26 DSTL7 72.26

74 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -6.488 DSTL7 4.897

75 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -51.178 DSTL7 -51.178

77 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -16.463 DSTL7 -16.463

78 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -48.157 DSTL7 -48.157

80 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -27.821 DSTL6 -25.354

81 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -48.004 DSTL6 -43.735

83 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -6.9 DSTL7 -6.9

84 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -54.405 DSTL6 -50.136

86 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -6.991 DSTL7 5.098

87 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 42.7 DSTL6 46.969

89 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -3.183 DSTL7 1.394

90 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 48.136 DSTL6 52.405

92 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -8.34 DSTL7 7.517

93 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 31.862 DSTL7 31.862

95 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -14.276 DSTL6 17.557

96 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -48.889 DSTL7 48.88

98 ISA60X60X6 DSTL7 -1.704 DSTL6 2.052

99 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -10.626 DSTL7 -10.626

101 ISA60X60X6 DSTL7 -3.625 DSTL6 3.731

102 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -28.381 DSTL7 -28.381

104 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -8.297 DSTL7 4.782

105 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -46.087 DSTL6 -41.819

107 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -7.711 DSTL6 8.799

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108 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -29.871 DSTL7 25.762

110 ISA65X65X10 DSTL6 -12.475 DSTL7 11.81

111 ISA80X80X10 DSTL7 5.384 DSTL7 5.384

113 ISA60X60X6 DSTL7 -4.924 DSTL6 5.564

114 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 17.8 DSTL7 17.8

116 ISA65X65X10 DSTL7 12.773 DSTL7 12.773

117 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 33.261 DSTL6 35.729

119 ISA60X60X8 DSTL6 11.345 DSTL6 12.586

120 ISA80X80X10 DSTL6 15.802 DSTL6 17.887

TABLE 15: Groups 3 - Masses and Weights

Group Name Self

Mass

Self

Weight

Total

Mass X

Total

Mass Y

Total

Mass ZText KN-

s2/mm

KN KN-

s2/mm

KN-

s2/mm

KN-

s2/mm

ALL 0.026317 258.08 0.026317 0.026317 0.026317

LEGS 0.014979 146.89 0.014979 0.014979 0.014979

HORIZONTAL 0.000615 6.032 0.000615 0.000615 0.000615

BRACES 0.010723 105.158 0.010723 0.010723 0.010723

Fig 9.10: Welded Connections

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10.  COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR TOWER

DESIGN

The method of computing is as follows:

a)  Wind and member loads on joints

 b)  Equilibrium of forces and member force evaluation in one panel

c)  Design of members in one panel

In general, most towers could be idealised as statically determinate and analyzed for forces.

However, the computations are very lengthy and there are many chances of making errors in

such cases. Further if a member is to be redesigned then the entire wind load calculations

have to be repeated. The computational problem in towers is more acute and tedious as loads

depend on member sizes. A rational and optimum design can be made with the help of a

computer. This section presents an introduction to computer program and results of design ofcouple of towers.

Computer Program

The computer program of analysis of trusses or frames can be used to analyse the tower and

there are any number of such programs exists. The speciality of the program is:

a)  Generation of data

 b)  Generation of loads

c) 

Design of truss members

 Normal input data for analysis consists of:

   Number of: panels, joints, members, material of member and types of members.

  Coordinates of joints.

  Member joints(two joints for each member)

  Member properties:

All members are classified into a number of types and the members are assigned type

numbers. The properties of the members are taken from the member type.

  Joint panels: numbers of the panels in which the joints lie are listed and used in print

out for easy identification.

  Member panels: the location of the member is identified by panel in which it is

located. It is used in print out for easy reference.

  Sectional properties: of all available sections for the project are listed in a separate

file.

a)  Area of cross section

 b)  Radius of gyration in a planec)  Minimum radius of gyration

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d)  Leg or projection size for wind load calculation

e)  Thickness of the member

f)   Number of elements (either one angle or two angles)

g)  Double angle orientation (either back to back or star connection).

  Member segments: the effective lengths of the main members are reduced by

 providing secondary bracings. The segment lengths for the purpose of effective length

are to be given for each member.

  Load factors: wind loads and dead load combination are considered.

  Material properties yield stress, density, Youngs modulus etc is to be read in.

  Member materials: in most cases all the members are made up of same type of

materials. In case there are more than one type of materials, then each is given a type

number and the members are identified by the type number.

The program analyses the tower for each basic load combinations and computes the memberforces for a given set of load combination. The output mainly consists of:

a)  Some data of the tower

 b)  Joint coordinates, loads and displacements

c)  Member forces and properties

d)  Segment lengths slenderness ratio, allowable stress

e)  Equilibrium check. Total equilibrium of each joint is verified by backward

substitution,

f)  Support reaction

The design module checks the ratio of the actual stress to the allowable stress and if it is more

than one, then the member size is increased to higher and the reanalysis and design is carried

out. The design is by iteration and updating is only upwards.

Therefore, the designer has to select suitable initial member sizes.

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11.  DESIGN OF MEMBERS OF

TRANSMISSION TOWER

1. Columns

Data:

Factored Force, Pu = 634.54 KN

Length, l=5.056 m

Calculations:

Assume f cd=70 N/mm2

Area required = Force/f cd

= (634.54x1000)/70

=9064.857 mm2

From Steel Tables, let us choose an angle ISA 200x200x25

Area = 9380 mm2

r min= 39 mm

Slenderness ratio, Λ= Leff /r min

=(0 .87x5056)/39

=112.788

From table 9© of IS 800:2007

Value of Design Compressive Stress, f cd —  

f cd = 99.692 N/mm2

Design strength = Area x f cd=Pd

Pd= 9380x99.692

= 935.11 KN >634.54 KN

Hence design is Safe.

Connections:

Strength of Weld = (t)x(l){f u/(√3x¥mw)}

But t=Throat Thickness= 0.7s; ‗s‘ is the Size of Weld 

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f u=450 N/mm2

From Table (5) of IS 800:2007

Partial Safety Factor, ¥mw=1.25 for Shop Fabrications

From Steel Tables, for ISA 200x200x25,

exx=141.2 mm, cxx= 58.8 mm

Let the section be welded in 2 sides with a Total Length ‗L‘ 

Size of Weld, s= (3/4) x Angle Thickness

= (3/4) x 25

=18.75 mm

(a) Force=Strength of Weld

634.54x103= (0.7x18.75)(L)(450/√3x1.25) 

Thus, Total Length, L=232.604=l1 + l2 

(b) Taking Moment about axis (1)-(1),

(634.54x103)x141.2=[(o.7x18.75)(l2){450/(√3x1.25)}]200 

l2=164.219 mm

Thus, l1=L-l

2=232.604-164.219

=68.385 mm

Hence, Provide Weld of Size 18.75 mm for l1=63.85 mm and l2=164.219 mm

2. Bracings

Data:

Factored Force, Pu = 696.144 KN

Length, l=5.963 m

Calculations:

Assume f cd =80 N/mm2

Area required = Force/ f cd 

= (696.144x1000)/80

= 8701.8 mm2

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From Steel Tables, let us choose an angle ISA 200x200x25

Area = 9381 mm2 

r min= 39 mm

Slenderness ratio, Λ= Leff / r min 

= (0 .87x5963)/39

= 133.021 mm

From table 9© of IS 800:2007

Value of Design Compressive Stress, f cd  —  

f cd = 76.613 N/mm2

Design Strength = Area x f cd =Pd

Pd= 9381x76.613

= 718.706 KN>696.144 KN

Hence design is Safe.

Connections:

Strength of Weld = (t)x(l){f u/(√3x¥mw)}

But t=Throat Thickness= 0.7s; ‗s‘ is the Size of Weld

f u=450 N/mm2

From Table (5) of IS 800:2007

Partial Safety Factor, ¥mw=1.25 for Shop Fabrications

From Steel Tables, for ISA 200x200x25,

exx=141.2 mm, cxx= 58.8 mm

Size of Weld, s= (3/4) x Angle Thickness

= (3/4) x 25

=18.75 mm

Let the section be welded in 2 sides with a Total Length ‗L‘ 

(a) Force=Strength of Weld

696.144x103= (

0.7x18.75)(L)(450/√3x1.25) 

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Thus, Total Length, L=255.187=l1 + l2 

(b) Taking Moment about axis (1)-(1),

(696.144x103)x141.2=[(o.7x18.75)(l2){450/(√3x1.25)}]200 

l2=180.162 mm

Thus, l1=L-l2

=255.187-180.162

=75.025 mm

Hence, Provide Weld of Size 18.75 mm for l1=75.025 mm and l2=180.162 mm

3. Beams

Data:

Factored Force, Pu = 37.963 KN

Length, l=2 m

Calculations:

Assume f cd =60 N/mm2

Area required = Force/f cd

= (37.963x1000)/60

=632.72 mm2

From Steel Tables, let us choose an angle ISA 60x60x6

Area = 684 mm2

r min= 11.5 mm

Slenderness Ratio, Λ= Leff /r  min 

= (0 .87x2000)/11.5

=151.304

From table 9© of IS 800:2007,

Value of Design Compressive Stress, f cd  —  

f cd = 61.561 N/mm2 

Design strength = Area x f cd =Pd 

Pd= 684x66.561 KN

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= 45.527 KN >37.963 KN

Hence design is Safe.

Connections:

Strength of Weld = (t)x(l){f u/(√3x¥mw)}

But t=Throat Thickness= 0.7s; ‗s‘ is the Size of Weld 

f u=450 N/mm2

From Table (5) of IS 800:2007,

Partial Safety Factor, ¥mw=1.25 for Shop Fabrications

From Steel Tables, for ISA 200x200x25,

exx=43.1 mm, cxx= 16.9 mm

Size of Weld, s= (3/4) x Angle Thickness

= (3/4) x 6

= 4.5 mm

Let the section be welded in 2 sides with a Total Length ‗L‘ 

(a) Force=Strength of Weld37.963x103= (0.7x4.5)(L)(450/√3x1.25) 

Thus, Total Length, L=57.984=l1 + l2 

(b) Taking Moment about axis (1)-(1),

(37.963x103)x43.1=[(o.7x4.5)(l2){450/(√3x1.25)}]60 

l2=41.652 mm

Thus, l1=L-l2

=57.984-41.652

=16.332 mm

Hence, Provide Weld of Size 18.75 mm for l1=16.332 mm and l2=57.984 mm

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12.  ESTIMATION

ESTIMATE

Section Object Type Number

of Pieces

Total

Length

Total

Weight

Rate Total Amount

Text Text Unitless m Tonnes Rs/tonne Rs

ISA60X60X6 Frame 19 97.5 0.523 ₹ 48,000.00  ₹ 25,104.00 

ISA60X60X8 Frame 1 6.324 0.044 ₹ 48,000.00  ₹ 2,112.00 

ISA65X65X10 Frame 2 12.649 0.119 ₹ 48,000.00  ₹ 5,712.00 

ISA80X80X10 Frame 2 12.649 0.149 ₹ 48,000.00  ₹ 7,152.00 

ISA80X80X12 Frame 29 181.632 2.538 ₹ 48,000.00  ₹ 1,21,824.00 

ISA90X90X12 Frame 3 19.218 0.304 ₹ 48,000.00  ₹ 14,592.00 

ISA110X110X15 Frame 33 190.257 4.599 ₹ 48,000.00  ₹ 2,20,752.00 

ISA150X150X15 Frame 14 85.441 2.868 ₹ 48,000.00  ₹ 1,37,664.00 

ISA150X150X18 Frame 1 6 0.239 ₹ 48,000.00 ₹ 11,472.00 

ISA200X200X25 Frame 36 202.753 14.922 ₹ 48,000.00  ₹ 7,16,256.00 

Total 140 814.423 26.305 ₹ 12,62,640.00 

Tools and Planks Extra 1.5% ₹ 18,970.56 

Contractor's Profit and Overhead Charges 15% ₹ 1,89,705.60 

Overall Estimated Cost ₹ 14,71,316.16

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13.  SITE VISIT

OUR SITE VISIT TO KPTCL, BANGALORE MAJOR WORKS DIVISION

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14.  CONCLUSION

Several tower failures occurred in past due to improper practice prevailing in both

telecommunication sector and power transmission sector. Almost all telecommunication

companies used to remove all debris immediately after a tower failure and produce a report

that does not include detailed analysis of the failure, just to claim insurance. So up to now

these failures were not deeply looked at and remaining a drawback in tower designing. Proper

analysis of failures may lead to improvements in designing practices and reduce future tower

failures. Mostly given reason for tower failures is tornados. If tornados are frequent then

amendments must be done to standard design wind speed being used for steel tower design.

 Nowadays most of the firms are overloading the towers with more antennas without getting

approval from tower designer/consultant. This type of blind actions may lead to huge

financial and resource loss due to resulting tower failures. So to find out the exact reason forthe failure a complete technical analysis of towers failed is necessary.

In power transmission sector, towers are designed for transmission lines and a full scale test

is carried out for the most critical tower arrangement of transmission line. This practice is

there because of the complicated nature of steel towers. But several tower tests resulted in

failure of main members which could have been avoided with a preliminary structural

analysis checks. These checks can save much time, consultation cost and other resources.

Thus more improvements can be made in tower designing industry by considering

 preliminary analysis methods. By making use of available structural analysis facilities

(specialised programs/common programs) an effective design and efficient design process

can be developed.

Optimum design of transmission towers has been discussed in this paper. The efficiency of

the optimization scheme is due to the choice of a few key parameters that influence the tower

geometry and thus indirectly the weight, as design control variables. A dedicated program has

 been used effectively for developing the optimum design from the initial stage of tower

configuration generation to that of analysis, design and optimization. The results are

substantially presented for a typical telecommunication transmission tower.

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