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8/12/2019 Report on Transmission Towers
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ANALYSIS DESIGN AND
ESTIMATION OF
TRANSMISSION TOWERSPROJECT REPORT
BASAVANAND B.N.
DARSHAN B.B.
FARAAN KHAN
FAY-YAADH HAQUE
GUIDED BY
ASST. PROF. MOHAMMAD ISMAIL
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
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ABSTRACT
In the presented report a transmission tower has been analysed in SAP software. The
transmission tower in interest is a tower designed for transmission of micro waves for cellular
communication. The tower has been analysed for wind loads and self weight.
The tower has also been designed according to code. Apart from analysis and designing, the
estimation of the cost of the tower has been done.
The usage of SAP software has been learnt in order to use it for analysing and designing the
tower.
Various books, thesis and reports have been studied for the better understanding of the
project. These materials have been referred time to time in order to aid us with the work.
A few site visits to the towers has been made to enhance ideas and to gain practicalknowledge. A site visit to KPTCL Bangalore, Major Works Division was made to learn more
about transmission towers.
The aim of project is to analyse, design and estimate a transmission tower for various loads.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We express our sincere thanks to Dr. A. N. N. Murthy, Principal, Dayananda Sagar
College of Engineering, Bangalore for granting us permission to undertake this VTU
prescribed project.
We would like to express our gratitude and thanks to Dr. H. K. RAMARAJU, HOD, Civil
Engineering Department, for his valuable suggestions and encouragement throughout the
project.
Our sincere thanks to Project Guide Mr. Mohammad Ismail, Asst. Prof., Civil Engineering
Department, for his proficient guidance and unrelenting assistance, which helped us
complete the project successfully.
We would also like to thank all the staff members and non-teaching staff of the Department
of Civil Engineering for the help rendered in the successful completion of this project.
Also a mention of thanks to Mr. Pasha of KPTCL, Bangalore Major Works Division for
taking out time from his hectic schedule to demonstrate us the various on-goings of their unit.
Finally we express our sincere thanks to all those who have helped us directly or indirectly
towards the appropriate finishing of this project.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CONTENTS
1) INTRODUCTION
2) ANATOMY OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
3) TYPES OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
4) DESIGN OF TOWER
5) TYPES OF LOADS
6) DIFFERENT SYSTEMS
7) MODELING IN SAP
8) PROBLEM DEFINITION
9) ANALYSIS RESULTS
10) COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN OF TOWERS
11) DESIGN OF MEMBERS
12) ESTIMATION
13) SITE VISIT
14) CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
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1. INTRODUCTION
A transmission tower is a tall structure, usually a steel lattice tower, used to support an
overhead power line. They are used in high-voltage AC and DC systems, and come in a wide
variety of shapes and sizes. Typical height ranges from 15 to 55 meters. Apart from steel,other materials may be used, including concrete and wood.
Similarly telecommunication towers are, typically, tall structures designed to support
antennas for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television. They are among the
tallest man-made structures. Similar structures include electricity pylons and towers for wind
turbines.
The steel lattice is the most widespread form of construction. It provides great strength, low
weight and wind resistance, and economy in the use of materials. Lattices of triangular cross-
section are most common, and square lattices are also widely used. When built as a stayedmast, usually the whole mast is parallel-sided. One exception is the Blaw-Knox type.
When built as a tower, the structure may be parallel-sided or taper over part or all of its
height. When constructed of several sections which taper exponentially with height, in the
manner of the Eiffel Tower, the tower is said to be an Eiffelized one. The Crystal Palace
tower in London is an example.
SAP2000:V.15 Software
SAP is structural analysis software which constitutes an analysis engine and design tools for
the design of all types of civil engineering structures. It provides a 3D based graphicalmodelling environment to a variety of analysis and design. Rapid structural modelling can be
achieved intuitively with SAP software. The advanced analytical techniques allow step by
step large deformation analysis, Eigen and Ritz analysis, cable analysis, tension or
compression analysis.
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2. ANATOMY OF THE TOWER
Fig 2.1: Anatomy of Tower
A power transmission tower consists of the following parts,
1) Peak of transmission tower
2) Cross Arm of transmission tower
3) Boom of transmission tower
4) Cage of transmission tower
5) Transmission Tower Body
6) Leg of transmission tower
7) Stub/Anchor Bolt and Base plate
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Peak of Transmission Tower
The portion above the top cross arm is called peak of transmission tower. Generally
earth shield wire connected to the tip of this peak.
Cross Arm of Transmission tower
Cross arms of transmission tower hold the transmission conductor. The dimension of
cross arm depends on the level of transmission voltage, configuration and minimum
forming angle for stress distribution.
Cage of Transmission Tower
The portion between tower body and peak is known as cage of transmission tower.
This portion of the tower holds the cross arms.
Transmission Tower Body
The portion from bottom cross arms up to the ground level is called transmission tower
body. This portion of the tower plays a vital role for maintaining required ground
clearance of the bottom conductor of the transmission line.
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3. TYPES OF TOWERS
Types of transmission towers-the types of transmission towers are classified as following
based on
1) Type of Insulator
• Suspension
• Tension/Dead end
• Transposition
2) Type of Support
• Self Supporting
• Guyed
3) Shape at the base
• Square
• Rectangle
Fig 3.1: Guyed Tower
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Fig 3.2: Guyed Tower
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Fig 3.3: Tension Tower
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Fig 3.4: Self-supported Suspension Tower
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Fig 3.5: Vertical Configuration Tower
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Fig 3.6: Horizontal Configuration Tower
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4. DESIGN OF THE TOWER
Height of the Tower
To determine the actual transmission tower height by considering the above points, we have
divided the total height of tower in four parts,
1. Minimum permissible ground clearance (H1)
2. Maximum sag of the conductor (H2)
3. Vertical spacing between top and bottom conductors (H3)
4. Vertical clearance between ground wire and top conductor (H4).
Fig 4.1: Transmission Tower
Height of the tower is calculated by the following formula,
4321 hhhh H
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Determination of Base Width
T
The base width (at the concrete level) is the distance between the centre of gravity at one
corner leg and the centre of gravity of the adjacent corner leg. A particular base width which
gives the minimum total cost of the tower and foundations should be selected. The ratio of
base width to total tower height for most towers is generally about one-fifth to one-tenth. Following formula is used to calculate the base width,
Determination of Weight of Tower
From knowledge of the positions of conductors & ground wire above ground level &
overturning moments. Ryle gives empirical formula in term of its height & maximum
overturning moment at base
Loads on Towers
The towers are invariably analysed as trusses, the loads are applied at joints and the members
are designed as either ties or as struts. The loads on the towers consist of:
(1) Member weights
(2) Platform and railing weights
(3) Antenna weights
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(4) Land lift loads
(5) Gusset and secondary bracings
(6) Wind loads
(7) Seismic loads
(8) Lifting or hoisting loads
(9) Dynamic effects
(10) Erection loads and
(11) Live loads
The first five sets of loads are fixed type of which member weights are design dependents
while the rest are based on functional aspect. Wind and seismic loads are the most important
of all and often control design. The seismic load may not be critical as the mass of control
design. The seismic loads may not be critical as the mass of the structure is not heavy and
near the ground. Dynamic effects due to wind become critical in slender and tall towers. In
most cases of towers up to 100m height the dynamic effect may not control the design. Live
loads on towers are negligible when compared with the other loads.
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5. TYPES OF LOADS1. Wind Load
Wind load is a function of several parameters and some of them were already discussed. A
brief revision is made here with specific reference to towers. Wind speed at any place can be
expressed as:
v z= k 1*k 2*k 3*vb
where,
V b = Basic Wind Speed of the place
K 1= Probability Factor or Risk Coefficient and taken as
= 1.05 for all Important Towers
= 0.83 for Temporary Towers
= 1.0 for Sign PostsK 2= Terrain, Height and Structure Size Factor. For towers such as transmission, TV, radio,
microwave towers, the values are given in the following table.
Table: Design wind speed coefficient to obtain wind speeds at different heights for towers
Height in meters Open
(category 1)
Semi-open
(category 2)
Within city
(category 3)
10 1.102 1.050 0.924
20 1.176 1.125 1.03
50 1.26 1.299 1.176
100 1.323 1.302 1.26150 1.365 1.344 1.302
200 1.386 1.365 1.344
250 1.407 1.386 1.355
300 1.418 1.407 1.376
400 1.45 1.44 1.386
500 1.47 1.46 1.428
K 3= Topography Factor and it varies from 1 to 1.40 depending on the topography
K 3= 1 in Plain Lands
The design wind pressure is obtained as
p=0.6*(Vz)2
where,
p= Design Wind Pressure in N/m2
Vz= Design Wind Speed in m/s
The entire country is divided into six zones based on wind speed and basic wind pressure at
different heights can be obtained from the previous equation. The wind force on the membersis given by
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F= A*C P *p
where,
F=obstruction areaC p= net wind force coefficient which depends on the solidity ratio of the panel or structure.
2. Special Loads
In addition to the weather related loads, transmission line structures are designed for special
loads that consider security and safety aspects of the line. These include security loads for
preventing cascading type failures of the structures and construction and maintenance loads
that are related to personnel safety.
3. Security Loads
Longitudinal loads may occur on the structures due to accidental events such as broken
conductors, broken insulators, or collapse of an adjacent structure in the line due to an
environmental event such as a tornado. Regardless of the triggering event, it is important that
a line support structure be designed for a suitable longitudinal loading condition to provide
adequate resistance against
Cascading type failures in which a larger number of structures fail sequentially in the
longitudinal direction or parallel to the line. For this reason, longitudinal loadings are
sometimes referred to as ―ant cascading‖, ―failure containment‖, or ―security loads‖. There are two basic methods for reducing the risk of cascading failures, depending on the
type of structure, and on local conditions and practices. These methods are: (1) design all
structures for broken wire loads and (2) install stop structures or guys at specified intervals.
4. Construction and Maintenance Loads
Construction and maintenance(C&M) loads are, to a large extent, controllable and are
directly related to construction and maintenance methods. A detailed discussion on these
types of loads is included in the Loading Guide, and Occupation Safety and Health Act
(OSHA) documents. It should be emphasized, however, that workers can be seriously injured
as a result of structure overstress during C&M operations; therefore, personnel safety should
be a paramount factor when establishing C&M loads. Accordingly, the Loading Guide
recommends that the specified C&M loads be multiplied by a minimum load factor of 1.5 incases where the loads are ―static‖ and well defined; and by a load factor of 2.0 when the loads
are ―dynamic‖, such as those associated with moving wires during stringing operations.
5. Vertical Loads
The vertical load on supporting structures consists of the weight of the structure plus the
superimposed weight, including all wires, ice coated where specified. Vertical load of wire
Vw in. (lb/ft) is given by the following equations:
Vw D wt. of bare wire .lb=f t/ C 1:24.d C I/I (15.1) where d D diameter of wire (in.) I D ice
thickness (in.) Vertical wire load on structure (lb) D Vw _ vertical design span _ load factor
(15.2) Vertical design span is the distance between low points of adjacent spans and isindicated.
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6. Transverse Loads
Transverse loads are caused by wind pressure on wires and structure, and the transverse
component of the line tension at angles.
7. Transverse Load Due to Line Angle
Where a line changes direction, the total transverse load on the structure is the sum of the
transverse wind load and the transverse component of the wire tension. The transverse
component of the tension may be of significant magnitude, especially for large angle
structures. To calculate the total load, a wind direction should be used which will give the
maximum resultant load considering the effects on the wires and structure.
8. Longitudinal Loading
There are several conditions under which a structure is subjected to longitudinal loading:
Dead-end Structures — These structures are capable of withstanding the full tension of the
conductors and shield wires or combinations thereof, on one side of the structure.
Stringing — Longitudinal load may occur at any one phase or shield wire due to a hang-up in
the blocks during stringing. The longitudinal load is taken as the stringing tension for the
complete phase (i.e., all subconductors strung simultaneously) or a shield wire. In order to
avoid any prestressing of the conductors, stringing tension is typically limited to the
minimum tension required to keep the conductor from touching the ground or any
obstructions. Based on common practice and according to the IEEE ―Guide to the Installation
of Overhead Transmission Line Conductors‖ stringing tension is generally about one-half ofthe sagging tension. Therefore, the longitudinal stringing load is equal to 50% of the initial,
unloaded tension at 60_F.Longitudinal Unbalanced Load — Longitudinal unbalanced forces
can develop at the structures due to various conditions on the line. In rugged terrain, large
differentials in adjacent span lengths, combined with inclined spans, could result in
significant longitudinal unbalanced load under ice and wind conditions. Non-uniform loading
of adjacent spans can also produce longitudinal unbalanced loads. This load is based on an
ice shedding condition where ice is dropped from one span and not the adjacent spans.
Reference [12] includes software that is commonly used for calculating unbalanced loads on
the structure.
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The advantage of this system is that the horizontal struts are supported at mid length by the
diagonals. Like the Pratt system, this arrangement is also used for the bottom two or three
panels in conjunction with the Warren system for the other panels. It is especially useful for
heavy river-crossing towers.
Where, p = longitudinal spacing (stagger), that is, the distance between two
Successive holes in the line of holes under consideration,
g = transverse spacing (gauge), that is, the distance between the same two
Consecutive holes as for p, and
d = diameter of holes.
For holes in opposite legs of angles, the value of 'g' should be the sum of the gauges from the
back of the angle less the thickness of the angle.
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7. MODELING IN SAP
Analysis of transmission tower
In the early years of transmission tower design, the transmission engineer used
graphical analysis methods that were developed to a professional-art for application to
three dimensional space truss towers. The method of analysis for transmission line
towers has advanced since the use of these graphical procedures. With the
introduction of the computer, mainframe computer analysis capabilities using
structural matrix algorithms were developed. BPA's Tower computer program was
one of the original programs developed specifically for transmission line latticed
structures. Now with the analytical power of personal computers, PC, the availability
of tower analysis computer programs are numerous, such as BPA's Tower, PLSTower, GT Tower, etc. The standard of practice for analysis of lattice steel
transmission line towers is a three-dimensional truss analysis. The structural computer
model is based on the tension and compression behavior of the individual tower
members. These tower analysis programs are based on linear elastic structural
performance, whereby members are assumed to be axially loaded and to have pinned
connections. The member forces determined from the computer model are compared
to the allowable member capacities. In special cases, a three-dimensional frame model
may be required to provide necessary information on the member forces, including
bending moments. With the maturity of the transmission tower engineering professionand the advances in PC analytical solution power, the transmission engineer can now
push the margin of analysis beyond the simple truss model. The uses of the simple
truss model is still the main analysis tool of the transmission engineer, but advanced
tools for evaluating the performance of space truss towers, including effects other
than simple truss action, are now being utilized. This paper presents an advanced
transmission tower analysis by a computer program of SAP.
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8. DEFINITION OF PROBLEM
A four legged transmission tower has been analysed and designed for transmission of micro
waves for telecommunication.
The tower is steel lattice tower of height 56m. The tower has been constructed in an open
field, and the land conforms to zone 3 of the wind zones. The average velocity of the wind is
44m/s
Dimensions of the transmission tower
Height of the transmission tower=56m
Top width of the tower=2m
Base width of the tower=8m
No of panels= 10 panels
Type of bracing-the type of bracing used is XB type bracing
Material used-the material used for the transmission tower is mild steel.
Method of Analysis – the transmission tower has been modelled and analysed using SAP
software. The model prepared is simple line model.
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9. ANALYSIS RESULTS
1. Model geometry
This section provides model geometry information, including items such as joint coordinates,
joint restraints, and element connectivity.
Figure 9.1: Finite element model
XY XZY Z
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Fig 9.2: Top View
1.1. Joint coordinates
Table 1: Joint CoordinatesJoint Coord Sys Coord Type Global X Global Y Global Z
mm mm mm
1 GLOBAL Cartesian -4000.00 -4000.00 0.00
2 GLOBAL Cartesian -3250.00 -3250.00 5000.00
3 GLOBAL Cartesian -3250.00 0.00 5000.00
4 GLOBAL Cartesian 0.00 -3250.00 5000.00
5 GLOBAL Cartesian -4000.00 4000.00 0.00
6 GLOBAL Cartesian -3250.00 3250.00 5000.00
7 GLOBAL Cartesian 0.00 3250.00 5000.00
8 GLOBAL Cartesian 4000.00 -4000.00 0.00
9 GLOBAL Cartesian 3250.00 -3250.00 5000.00
10 GLOBAL Cartesian 3250.00 0.00 5000.00
11 GLOBAL Cartesian 4000.00 4000.00 0.00
12 GLOBAL Cartesian 3250.00 3250.00 5000.00
13 GLOBAL Cartesian -2500.00 -2500.00 10000.00
14 GLOBAL Cartesian -2500.00 0.00 10000.0015 GLOBAL Cartesian 0.00 -2500.00 10000.00
16 GLOBAL Cartesian -2500.00 2500.00 10000.00
17 GLOBAL Cartesian 0.00 2500.00 10000.00
18 GLOBAL Cartesian 2500.00 -2500.00 10000.00
19 GLOBAL Cartesian 2500.00 0.00 10000.00
20 GLOBAL Cartesian 2500.00 2500.00 10000.00
21 GLOBAL Cartesian -1750.00 -1750.00 15000.00
22 GLOBAL Cartesian -1750.00 1750.00 15000.00
23 GLOBAL Cartesian 1750.00 -1750.00 15000.00
24 GLOBAL Cartesian 1750.00 1750.00 15000.00
25 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 20000.00
26 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 20000.00
27 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 20000.00
28 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 20000.00
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29 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 26000.00
30 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 26000.00
31 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 26000.00
32 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 26000.00
33 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 32000.00
34 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 32000.00
35 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 32000.0036 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 32000.00
37 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 38000.00
38 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 38000.00
39 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 38000.00
40 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 38000.00
41 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 44000.00
42 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 44000.00
43 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 44000.00
44 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 44000.00
45 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 50000.00
46 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 50000.00
47 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 50000.00
48 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 50000.00
49 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 -1000.00 56000.00
50 GLOBAL Cartesian -1000.00 1000.00 56000.00
51 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 -1000.00 56000.00
52 GLOBAL Cartesian 1000.00 1000.00 56000.00
1.2 Frame Section Assignments
Fig 9.3: Frame Section Assignments
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2. Material properties
This section provides material property information for materials used in the model.
Table 2 : Material Properties- Basic Mechanical Properties
Material UnitWeight UnitMass E1 G12 U12 A1KN/mm3 KN-s2/mm4 KN/mm2 KN/mm2 1/C
Fe345 7.6973E-08 7.8490E-12 210.00000 80.76923 0.300000 1.1700E-05
Table 3: Material Properties- Steel DataMaterial Fy Fu FinalSlope
KN/mm2 KN/mm2
Fe345 0.34500 0.45000 -0.100000
3. Section properties
This section provides section property information for objects used in the model.
3.1. Frames
Table 4: Frame Section Properties- General, Part 1 of 3SectionName Material Shape t3 t2 tf tw I23 Area
mm mm mm mm mm4 mm2
ISA100X100X10 Fe345 Angle 100.000 100.000 10.000 10.000 1065789.47 1903.00
ISA100X100X12 Fe345 Angle 100.000 100.000 12.000 12.000 1235744.72 2259.00ISA100X100X6 Fe345 Angle 100.000 100.000 6.000 6.000 683195.90 1167.00
ISA100X100X8 Fe345 Angle 100.000 100.000 8.000 8.000 881666.68 1539.00
ISA100X65X10 Fe345 Angle 100.000 65.000 10.000 10.000 518951.61 1551.00
ISA100X65X6 Fe345 Angle 100.000 65.000 6.000 6.000 340084.92 955.00
ISA100X65X8 Fe345 Angle 100.000 64.800 8.000 8.000 431911.84 1257.00
ISA100X75X10 Fe345 Angle 100.000 75.000 10.000 10.000 664772.73 1650.00
ISA100X75X12 Fe345 Angle 100.000 75.000 12.000 12.000 765276.10 1956.00
ISA100X75X6 Fe345 Angle 100.000 75.000 6.000 6.000 431760.37 1014.00
ISA100X75X8 Fe345 Angle 100.000 75.000 8.000 8.000 553652.70 1336.00
ISA110X110X10 Fe345 Angle 110.000 110.000 10.000 10.000 1440476.19 2106.00
ISA110X110X12 Fe345 Angle 110.000 110.000 12.000 12.000 1676082.75 2502.00
ISA110X110X15 Fe345 Angle 110.000 110.000 15.000 15.000 1997606.71 3081.00
ISA110X110X8 Fe345 Angle 110.000 110.000 8.000 8.000 1187626.43 1702.00
ISA125X75X10 Fe345 Angle 125.000 75.000 10.000 10.000 922080.59 1902.00
ISA125X75X6 Fe345 Angle 125.000 75.000 6.000 6.000 595191.71 1166.00
ISA125X75X8 Fe345 Angle 125.000 75.000 8.000 8.000 765527.35 1538.00
ISA125X95X10 Fe345 Angle 125.000 95.000 10.000 10.000 1381882.44 2102.00
ISA125X95X12 Fe345 Angle 125.000 95.000 12.000 12.000 1606379.26 2498.00
ISA125X95X6 Fe345 Angle 125.000 95.000 6.000 6.000 881552.31 1286.00
ISA125X95X8 Fe345 Angle 125.000 95.000 8.000 8.000 1140336.10 1698.00
ISA130X130X10 Fe345 Angle 130.000 130.000 10.000 10.000 2433600.00 2506.00
ISA130X130X12 Fe345 Angle 130.000 130.000 12.000 12.000 2846559.77 2982.00
ISA130X130X15 Fe345 Angle 130.000 130.000 15.000 15.000 3420956.63 3681.00
ISA130X130X8 Fe345 Angle 130.000 130.000 8.000 8.000 1996346.06 2022.00
ISA150X115X10 Fe345 Angle 150.000 115.000 10.000 10.000 2486029.41 2552.00
ISA150X115X12 Fe345 Angle 150.000 115.000 12.000 12.000 2907409.19 3038.00
ISA150X115X15 Fe345 Angle 150.000 115.000 15.000 15.000 3493125.00 3752.00
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
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28
ISA150X115X8 Fe345 Angle 150.000 115.000 8.000 8.000 2039661.51 2058.00
ISA150X150X10 Fe345 Angle 150.000 150.000 10.000 10.000 3801724.14 2903.00
ISA150X150X12 Fe345 Angle 150.000 150.000 12.000 12.000 4463437.65 3459.00
ISA150X150X15 Fe345 Angle 150.000 150.000 15.000 15.000 5395559.21 4278.00
ISA150X150X18 Fe345 Angle 150.000 150.000 18.000 18.000 6255957.32 5079.00
ISA150X75X10 Fe345 Angle 150.000 75.000 10.000 10.000 1190406.98 2156.00
ISA150X75X12 Fe345 Angle 150.000 75.000 12.000 12.000 1377570.47 2562.00ISA150X75X8 Fe345 Angle 150.000 75.000 8.000 8.000 986474.67 1742.00
ISA200X100X10 Fe345 Angle 200.000 100.000 10.000 10.000 2948275.86 2903.00
ISA200X100X12 Fe345 Angle 200.000 100.000 12.000 12.000 3446666.78 3459.00
ISA200X100X15 Fe345 Angle 200.000 100.000 15.000 15.000 4138157.89 4278.00
ISA200X150X10 Fe345 Angle 200.000 150.000 10.000 10.000 5867647.06 3400.00
ISA200X150X12 Fe345 Angle 200.000 150.000 12.000 12.000 6908165.92 4056.00
ISA200X150X15 Fe345 Angle 200.000 150.000 15.000 15.000 8387126.87 5025.00
ISA200X150X18 Fe345 Angle 200.000 150.000 18.000 18.000 9768794.97 5976.00
ISA200X200X12 Fe345 Angle 200.000 200.000 12.000 12.000 10931134.41 4661.00
ISA200X200X15 Fe345 Angle 200.000 200.000 15.000 15.000 13334415.58 5780.00
ISA200X200X18 Fe345 Angle 200.000 200.000 18.000 18.000 15608167.19 6881.00
ISA200X200X25 Fe345 Angle 200.000 200.000 25.000 25.000 20416666.67 9380.00
ISA20X20X3 Fe345 Angle 20.000 20.000 3.000 3.000 2343.24 112.00
ISA20X20X4 Fe345 Angle 20.000 20.000 4.000 4.000 2844.44 145.00
ISA25X25X3 Fe345 Angle 25.000 25.000 3.000 3.000 4827.13 141.00
ISA25X25X4 Fe345 Angle 25.000 25.000 4.000 4.000 5991.85 184.00
ISA25X25X5 Fe345 Angle 25.000 25.000 5.000 5.000 6944.44 225.00
ISA30X20X3 Fe345 Angle 30.000 20.000 3.000 3.000 4394.68 141.00
ISA30X20X4 Fe345 Angle 30.000 20.000 4.000 4.000 5426.09 184.00
ISA30X20X5 Fe345 Angle 30.000 20.000 5.000 5.000 6250.00 225.00
ISA30X30X3 Fe345 Angle 30.000 30.000 3.000 3.000 8632.90 173.00
ISA30X30X4 Fe345 Angle 30.000 30.000 4.000 4.000 10864.29 226.00
ISA30X30X5 Fe345 Angle 30.000 30.000 5.000 5.000 12784.09 277.00
ISA35X35X3 Fe345 Angle 35.000 35.000 3.000 3.000 14041.79 203.00
ISA35X35X4 Fe345 Angle 35.000 35.000 4.000 4.000 17836.74 266.00
ISA35X35X5 Fe345 Angle 35.000 35.000 5.000 5.000 21201.92 327.00
ISA35X35X6 Fe345 Angle 35.000 35.000 6.000 6.000 24145.90 386.00
ISA40X25X3 Fe345 Angle 40.000 25.000 3.000 3.000 9846.77 188.00
ISA40X25X5 Fe345 Angle 40.000 25.000 5.000 5.000 14583.33 302.00
ISA40X25X6 Fe345 Angle 40.000 25.000 6.000 6.000 16423.73 356.00
ISA40X40X3 Fe345 Angle 40.000 40.000 3.000 3.000 21335.07 234.00
ISA40X40X4 Fe345 Angle 40.000 40.000 4.000 4.000 27284.21 307.00
ISA40X40X5 Fe345 Angle 40.000 40.000 5.000 5.000 32666.67 378.00
ISA40X40X6 Fe345 Angle 40.000 40.000 6.000 6.000 37491.89 447.00
ISA45X30X3 Fe345 Angle 45.000 30.000 3.000 3.000 15946.88 218.00
ISA45X30X4 Fe345 Angle 45.000 30.000 4.000 4.000 20269.01 286.00
ISA45X30X5 Fe345 Angle 45.000 30.000 5.000 5.000 24107.14 352.00
ISA45X30X6 Fe345 Angle 45.000 30.000 6.000 6.000 27469.57 416.00ISA45X45X3 Fe345 Angle 45.000 45.000 3.000 3.000 30793.97 264.00
ISA45X45X4 Fe345 Angle 45.000 45.000 4.000 4.000 39581.69 347.00
ISA45X45X5 Fe345 Angle 45.000 45.000 5.000 5.000 47647.06 428.00
ISA45X45X6 Fe345 Angle 45.000 45.000 6.000 6.000 55000.45 507.00
ISA50X30X3 Fe345 Angle 50.000 30.000 3.000 3.000 18540.59 234.00
ISA50X30X4 Fe345 Angle 50.100 30.000 4.000 4.000 23672.75 307.00
ISA50X30X5 Fe345 Angle 50.000 30.000 5.000 5.000 28125.00 378.00
ISA50X30X6 Fe345 Angle 50.000 30.000 6.000 6.000 32108.11 447.00
ISA50X50X3 Fe345 Angle 50.000 50.000 3.000 3.000 42699.74 295.00
ISA50X50X4 Fe345 Angle 50.000 50.000 4.000 4.000 55104.17 388.00
ISA50X50X5 Fe345 Angle 50.000 50.000 5.000 5.000 66611.84 479.00
ISA50X50X6 Fe345 Angle 50.000 50.000 6.000 6.000 77234.04 568.00
ISA55X55X10 Fe345 Angle 55.000 55.000 10.000 10.000 153140.63 1002.00
ISA55X55X5 Fe345 Angle 55.000 55.000 5.000 5.000 90029.76 527.00
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
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ISA55X55X6 Fe345 Angle 55.000 55.000 6.000 6.000 104755.17 626.00
ISA55X55X8 Fe345 Angle 55.000 55.000 8.000 8.000 131024.02 818.00
ISA60X40X5 Fe345 Angle 60.000 40.000 5.000 5.000 60789.47 476.00
ISA60X40X6 Fe345 Angle 60.000 40.000 6.000 6.000 70314.90 565.00
ISA60X40X8 Fe345 Angle 60.000 40.000 8.000 8.000 86817.39 737.00
ISA60X60X10 Fe345 Angle 60.000 60.000 10.000 10.000 204545.45 1100.00
ISA60X60X5 Fe345 Angle 60.000 60.000 5.000 5.000 118369.57 575.00ISA60X60X6 Fe345 Angle 60.000 60.000 6.000 6.000 138126.32 684.00
ISA60X60X8 Fe345 Angle 60.000 60.000 8.000 8.000 173828.57 896.00
ISA65X45X5 Fe345 Angle 65.000 45.000 5.000 5.000 83571.43 526.00
ISA65X45X6 Fe345 Angle 65.000 45.000 6.000 6.000 97073.44 625.00
ISA65X45X8 Fe345 Angle 65.000 45.000 8.000 8.000 120957.35 817.00
ISA65X65X10 Fe345 Angle 65.000 65.000 10.000 10.000 266263.02 1200.00
ISA65X65X5 Fe345 Angle 35.000 35.000 5.000 5.000 21201.92 625.00
ISA65X65X6 Fe345 Angle 65.000 65.000 6.000 6.000 177909.99 744.00
ISA65X65X8 Fe345 Angle 65.000 65.000 8.000 8.000 225033.20 976.00
ISA70X45X10 Fe345 Angle 70.000 45.000 10.000 10.000 157500.00 1052.00
ISA70X45X5 Fe345 Angle 70.000 45.000 5.000 5.000 93068.18 552.00
ISA70X45X6 Fe345 Angle 70.000 45.000 6.000 6.000 108198.17 656.00
ISA70X45X8 Fe345 Angle 70.000 45.000 8.000 8.000 135067.29 858.00
ISA70X70X10 Fe345 Angle 70.000 70.000 10.000 10.000 339230.77 1302.00
ISA70X70X5 Fe345 Angle 70.000 70.000 5.000 5.000 191689.81 677.00
ISA70X70X6 Fe345 Angle 70.000 70.000 6.000 6.000 224668.66 806.00
ISA70X70X8 Fe345 Angle 70.000 70.000 8.000 8.000 285387.88 1058.00
ISA75X50X10 Fe345 Angle 75.000 50.000 10.000 10.000 211956.52 1152.00
ISA75X50X5 Fe345 Angle 75.000 50.000 5.000 5.000 123046.88 602.00
ISA75X50X6 Fe345 Angle 75.000 50.000 6.000 6.000 143508.41 716.00
ISA75X50X8 Fe345 Angle 75.000 50.000 8.000 8.000 180384.62 938.00
ISA75X75X10 Fe345 Angle 75.000 75.000 10.000 10.000 424386.16 1402.00
ISA75X75X5 Fe345 Angle 75.000 75.000 5.000 5.000 237607.76 727.00
ISA75X75X6 Fe345 Angle 75.000 75.000 6.000 6.000 278964.85 866.00
ISA75X75X8 Fe345 Angle 75.000 75.000 8.000 8.000 355642.61 1138.00
ISA80X50X10 Fe345 Angle 80.000 50.000 10.000 10.000 233333.33 1202.00
ISA80X50X5 Fe345 Angle 80.000 50.000 5.000 5.000 135000.00 627.00
ISA80X50X6 Fe345 Angle 80.000 50.000 6.000 6.000 157548.39 746.00
ISA80X50X8 Fe345 Angle 80.000 50.000 8.000 8.000 198295.08 978.00
ISA80X80X10 Fe345 Angle 80.000 80.000 10.000 10.000 522666.67 1505.00
ISA80X80X12 Fe345 Angle 80.000 80.000 12.000 12.000 599870.29 1781.00
ISA80X80X6 Fe345 Angle 80.000 80.000 6.000 6.000 341361.05 929.00
ISA80X80X8 Fe345 Angle 80.000 80.000 8.000 8.000 436547.37 1221.00
ISA90X60X10 Fe345 Angle 90.000 60.000 10.000 10.000 385714.29 1401.00
ISA90X60X12 Fe345 Angle 90.000 60.000 12.000 12.000 439513.06 1657.00
ISA90X60X6 Fe345 Angle 90.000 60.000 6.000 6.000 255150.01 865.00
ISA90X60X8 Fe345 Angle 90.000 60.000 8.000 8.000 324304.23 1137.00
ISA90X90X10 Fe345 Angle 90.000 90.000 10.000 10.000 762352.94 1703.00ISA90X90X12 Fe345 Angle 90.000 90.000 12.000 12.000 880007.17 2019.00
ISA90X90X6 Fe345 Angle 90.000 90.000 6.000 6.000 492703.47 1047.00
ISA90X90X8 Fe345 Angle 90.000 90.000 8.000 8.000 633306.98 1379.00
Table 5: Frame Section Properties- General, Part 2 of 3SectionName TorsConst I33 EccV2 I22 AS2 AS3
mm4 mm4 mm mm4 mm2 mm2
ISA100X100X10 63333.33 1770000.00 0.000 1770000.00 1000.00 1000.00ISA100X100X12 108288.00 2070000.00 0.000 2070000.00 1200.00 1200.00
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
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ISA100X100X6 13968.00 1113000.03 0.000 1113000.03 600.00 600.00
ISA100X100X8 32768.00 1451000.06 0.000 1451000.06 800.00 800.00
ISA100X65X10 51666.67 1531999.97 0.000 507000.01 1000.00 650.00
ISA100X65X6 11448.00 966999.97 0.000 324000.02 600.00 390.00
ISA100X65X8 26760.53 1259000.02 0.000 419000.02 800.00 518.40
ISA100X75X10 55000.00 1603999.94 0.000 769000.02 1000.00 750.00
ISA100X75X12 93888.00 1875000.00 0.000 895000.00 1200.00 900.00ISA100X75X6 12168.00 1009000.02 0.000 487000.01 600.00 450.00
ISA100X75X8 28501.33 1316000.06 0.000 632999.99 800.00 600.00
ISA110X110X10 70000.00 2383999.94 0.000 2383999.94 1100.00 1100.00
ISA110X110X12 119808.00 2796000.06 0.000 2796000.06 1320.00 1320.00
ISA110X110X15 230625.00 3373999.94 0.000 3373999.94 1650.00 1650.00
ISA110X110X8 36181.33 1950000.00 0.000 1950000.00 880.00 880.00
ISA125X75X10 63333.33 3002999.88 0.000 815999.98 1250.00 750.00
ISA125X75X6 13968.00 1878000.03 0.000 515999.98 750.00 450.00
ISA125X75X8 32768.00 2455000.00 0.000 671999.97 1000.00 600.00
ISA125X95X10 70000.00 3257999.88 0.000 1626999.97 1250.00 950.00
ISA125X95X12 119808.00 3826000.06 0.000 1903999.94 1500.00 1140.00
ISA125X95X6 15408.00 2031999.97 0.000 1020999.98 750.00 570.00
ISA125X95X8 36181.33 2660000.00 0.000 1333000.03 1000.00 760.00
ISA130X130X10 83333.33 4027000.1 0.000 4027000.1 1300.00 1300.00
ISA130X130X12 142848.00 4737999.88 0.000 4737999.88 1560.00 1560.00
ISA130X130X15 275625.00 5745999.76 0.000 5745999.76 1950.00 1950.00
ISA130X130X8 43008.00 3282999.88 0.000 3282999.88 1040.00 1040.00
ISA150X115X10 85000.00 5732999.88 0.000 2933999.94 1500.00 1150.00
ISA150X115X12 145728.00 6765000.00 0.000 3452999.88 1800.00 1380.00
ISA150X115X15 281250.00 8235000.00 0.000 4186000.06 2250.00 1725.00
ISA150X115X8 43861.33 4657000.12 0.000 2388999.94 1200.00 920.00
ISA150X150X10 96666.67 6224000.24 0.000 6224000.24 1500.00 1500.00
ISA150X150X12 165888.00 7354000.24 0.000 7354000.24 1800.00 1800.00
ISA150X150X15 320625.00 8967999.88 0.000 8967999.88 2250.00 2250.00
ISA150X150X18 548208.01 10489000.24 0.000 10489000.24 2700.00 2700.00
ISA150X75X10 71666.67 4991000.06 0.000 853000.03 1500.00 750.00
ISA150X75X12 122688.00 5870000.00 0.000 995000.00 1800.00 900.00
ISA150X75X8 37034.67 4072000.12 0.000 701999.97 1200.00 600.00
ISA200X100X10 96666.67 12100000.00 0.000 2692000.12 2000.00 1000.00
ISA200X100X12 165888.00 14316999.51 0.000 2461999.97 2400.00 1200.00
ISA200X100X15 320625.00 17505000.00 0.000 2981000.06 3000.00 1500.00
ISA200X150X10 113333.33 13779000.24 0.000 6695999.76 2000.00 1500.00
ISA200X150X12 194688.00 16349000.24 0.000 7932000.12 2400.00 1800.00
ISA200X150X15 376875.00 20055999.76 0.000 9699000.24 3000.00 2250.00
ISA200X150X18 645408.02 23593999.02 0.000 11369000.24 3600.00 2700.00
ISA200X200X12 223488.01 17889000.24 0.000 17889000.24 2400.00 2400.00
ISA200X200X15 433125.00 21976999.51 0.000 21976999.51 3000.00 3000.00
ISA200X200X18 742608.03 25886999.51 0.000 25886999.51 3600.00 3600.00ISA200X200X25 1953125.00 34363000.49 0.000 34363000.49 5000.00 5000.00
ISA20X20X3 333.00 4000.00 0.000 4000.00 60.00 60.00
ISA20X20X4 768.00 5000.00 0.000 5000.00 80.00 80.00
ISA25X25X3 423.00 8000.00 0.000 8000.00 75.00 75.00
ISA25X25X4 981.33 10000.00 0.000 10000.00 100.00 100.00
ISA25X25X5 1875.00 12000.00 0.000 12000.00 125.00 125.00
ISA30X20X3 423.00 12000.00 0.000 4000.00 90.00 60.00
ISA30X20X4 981.33 15000.00 0.000 5000.00 120.00 80.00
ISA30X20X5 1875.00 19000.00 0.000 6000.00 150.00 100.00
ISA30X30X3 513.00 14000.00 0.000 14000.00 90.00 90.00
ISA30X30X4 1194.67 18000.00 0.000 18000.00 120.00 120.00
ISA30X30X5 2291.67 21000.00 0.000 21000.00 150.00 150.00
ISA35X35X3 603.00 23000.00 0.000 23000.00 105.00 105.00
ISA35X35X4 1408.00 29000.00 0.000 29000.00 140.00 140.00
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
31
ISA35X35X5 2708.33 35000.00 0.000 35000.00 175.00 175.00
ISA35X35X6 4608.00 41000.00 0.000 41000.00 210.00 210.00
ISA40X25X3 558.00 30000.00 0.000 9000.00 120.00 75.00
ISA40X25X5 2500.00 46000.00 0.000 14000.00 200.00 125.00
ISA40X25X6 4248.00 54000.00 0.000 16000.00 240.00 150.00
ISA40X40X3 693.00 34000.00 0.000 34000.00 120.00 120.00
ISA40X40X4 1621.33 45000.00 0.000 45000.00 160.00 160.00ISA40X40X5 3125.00 54000.00 0.000 54000.00 200.00 200.00
ISA40X40X6 5328.00 63000.00 0.000 63000.00 240.00 240.00
ISA45X30X3 648.00 44000.00 0.000 15000.00 135.00 90.00
ISA45X30X4 1514.67 57000.00 0.000 20000.00 180.00 120.00
ISA45X30X5 2916.67 69000.00 0.000 24000.00 225.00 150.00
ISA45X30X6 4968.00 80000.00 0.000 28000.00 270.00 180.00
ISA45X45X3 783.00 50000.00 0.000 50000.00 135.00 135.00
ISA45X45X4 1834.67 65000.00 0.000 65000.00 180.00 180.00
ISA45X45X5 3541.67 79000.00 0.000 79000.00 225.00 225.00
ISA45X45X6 6048.00 92000.00 0.000 92000.00 270.00 270.00
ISA50X30X3 693.00 59000.00 0.000 16000.00 150.00 90.00
ISA50X30X4 1623.47 77000.00 0.000 21000.00 200.40 120.00
ISA50X30X5 3125.00 93000.00 0.000 25000.00 250.00 150.00
ISA50X30X6 5328.00 109000.00 0.000 29000.00 300.00 180.00
ISA50X50X3 873.00 69000.00 0.000 69000.00 150.00 150.00
ISA50X50X4 2048.00 91000.00 0.000 91000.00 200.00 200.00
ISA50X50X5 3958.33 110000.00 0.000 110000.00 250.00 250.00
ISA50X50X6 6768.00 129000.00 0.000 129000.00 300.00 300.00
ISA55X55X10 33333.33 262999.99 0.000 262999.99 550.00 550.00
ISA55X55X5 4375.00 147000.00 0.000 147000.00 275.00 275.00
ISA55X55X6 7488.00 172999.99 0.000 172999.99 330.00 330.00
ISA55X55X8 17408.00 220000.00 0.000 220000.00 440.00 440.00
ISA60X40X5 3958.33 169000.00 0.000 60000.00 300.00 200.00
ISA60X40X6 6768.00 199000.00 0.000 70000.00 360.00 240.00
ISA60X40X8 15701.33 254000.00 0.000 80000.00 480.00 320.00
ISA60X60X10 36666.67 347999.99 0.000 347999.99 600.00 600.00
ISA60X60X5 4791.67 192000.01 0.000 192000.01 300.00 300.00
ISA60X60X6 8208.00 226000.00 0.000 226000.00 360.00 360.00
ISA60X60X8 19114.67 290000.00 0.000 290000.00 480.00 480.00
ISA65X45X5 4375.00 221000.00 0.000 86000.00 325.00 225.00
ISA65X45X6 7488.00 260000.00 0.000 101000.00 390.00 270.00
ISA65X45X8 17408.00 332000.01 0.000 128000.00 520.00 360.00
ISA65X65X10 40000.00 450000.00 0.000 450000.00 650.00 650.00
ISA65X65X5 2708.33 247000.01 0.000 247000.01 175.00 175.00
ISA65X65X6 8928.00 291000.00 0.000 291000.00 390.00 390.00
ISA65X65X8 20821.33 374000.02 0.000 374000.02 520.00 520.00
ISA70X45X10 35000.00 492999.99 0.000 156000.00 700.00 450.00
ISA70X45X5 4583.33 272000.01 0.000 88000.00 350.00 225.00ISA70X45X6 7848.00 320000.00 0.000 103000.00 420.00 270.00
ISA70X45X8 18261.33 410000.00 0.000 131000.00 560.00 360.00
ISA70X70X10 43333.33 572000.01 0.000 572000.01 700.00 700.00
ISA70X70X5 5625.00 311000.00 0.000 311000.00 350.00 350.00
ISA70X70X6 9648.00 367999.99 0.000 367999.99 420.00 420.00
ISA70X70X8 22528.00 474000.02 0.000 474000.02 560.00 560.00
ISA75X50X10 38333.33 622999.99 0.000 217999.99 750.00 500.00
ISA75X50X5 5000.00 340999.98 0.000 122000.00 375.00 250.00
ISA75X50X6 8568.00 402999.99 0.000 143000.00 450.00 300.00
ISA75X50X8 19968.00 517999.99 0.000 182999.99 600.00 400.00
ISA75X75X10 46666.67 714000.02 0.000 714000.02 750.00 750.00
ISA75X75X5 6041.67 387000.01 0.000 387000.01 375.00 375.00
ISA75X75X6 10368.00 457000.01 0.000 457000.01 450.00 450.00
ISA75X75X8 24234.67 590000.00 0.000 590000.00 600.00 600.00
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
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ISA80X50X10 40000.00 746999.97 0.000 221000.00 800.00 500.00
ISA80X50X5 5208.33 405999.98 0.000 123000.00 400.00 250.00
ISA80X50X6 8928.00 480000.00 0.000 144000.00 480.00 300.00
ISA80X50X8 20821.33 619000.02 0.000 185000.00 640.00 400.00
ISA80X80X10 50000.00 876999.97 0.000 876999.97 800.00 800.00
ISA80X80X12 85248.00 1019000.02 0.000 1019000.02 960.00 960.00
ISA80X80X6 11088.00 560000.00 0.000 560000.00 480.00 480.00ISA80X80X8 25941.33 725000.00 0.000 725000.00 640.00 640.00
ISA90X60X10 46666.67 1109000.02 0.000 390999.98 900.00 600.00
ISA90X60X12 79488.00 1291000.06 0.000 452000.01 1080.00 720.00
ISA90X60X6 10368.00 705999.98 0.000 252000.01 540.00 360.00
ISA90X60X8 24234.67 915000.00 0.000 324000.02 720.00 480.00
ISA90X90X10 56666.67 1266999.97 0.000 1266999.97 900.00 900.00
ISA90X90X12 96768.00 1478999.94 0.000 1478999.94 1080.00 1080.00
ISA90X90X6 12528.00 800999.98 0.000 800999.98 540.00 540.00
ISA90X90X8 29354.67 1041999.97 0.000 1041999.97 720.00 720.00
Table 6: Frame Section Properties- General, Part 3 of 3Section Name S33 S22 Z33 Z22 R33 R22
mm3 mm3 mm3 mm3 mm mm
ISA100X100X10 24720.67 24720.67 24700.00 24700.00 30.498 30.498
ISA100X100X12 29237.29 29237.29 29200.00 29200.00 30.271 30.271
ISA100X100X6 15184.18 15184.18 15200.00 15200.00 30.882 30.882
ISA100X100X8 20041.44 20041.44 20000.00 20000.00 30.705 30.705
ISA100X65X10 18303.46 15044.51 23100.00 10400.00 31.428 18.080
ISA100X65X6 11336.46 9788.52 14200.00 6400.00 31.821 18.419
ISA100X65X8 14899.41 12774.39 18700.00 8500.00 31.648 18.257
ISA100X75X10 19925.47 17842.23 23600.00 13800.00 31.179 21.588
ISA100X75X12 23525.72 21158.39 27900.00 16300.00 30.961 21.391ISA100X75X6 12274.94 10846.33 14400.00 8500.00 31.545 21.915
ISA100X75X8 16186.96 14386.36 19100.00 11200.00 31.385 21.767
ISA110X110X10 30101.01 30101.01 30100.00 30100.00 33.645 33.645
ISA110X110X12 35663.27 35663.27 35700.00 35700.00 33.429 33.429
ISA110X110X15 43648.12 43648.12 43700.00 43700.00 33.092 33.092
ISA110X110X8 24375.00 24375.00 24400.00 24400.00 33.848 33.848
ISA125X75X10 27960.89 19245.28 36300.00 14200.00 39.735 20.713
ISA125X75X6 17213.57 12740.74 22200.00 8700.00 40.133 21.037
ISA125X75X8 22689.46 16192.77 29400.00 11500.00 39.953 20.903
ISA125X95X10 32225.52 28950.18 37800.00 22900.00 39.369 27.821
ISA125X95X12 38145.56 34368.23 44800.00 27100.00 39.136 27.608
ISA125X95X6 19766.54 17603.45 23100.00 14000.00 39.750 28.177
ISA125X95X8 26104.02 23385.97 30600.00 18500.00 39.580 28.019ISA130X130X10 42749.47 42749.47 42700.00 42700.00 40.087 40.087
ISA130X130X12 50728.05 50728.05 50700.00 50700.00 39.861 39.861
ISA130X130X15 62321.04 62321.04 62300.00 62300.00 39.509 39.509
ISA130X130X8 34557.89 34557.89 34500.00 34500.00 40.294 40.294
ISA150X115X10 47068.96 42215.83 54900.00 33800.00 47.397 33.907
ISA150X115X12 55909.09 50335.27 65300.00 40200.00 47.189 33.714
ISA150X115X15 68739.57 62106.83 80400.00 49400.00 46.849 33.402
ISA150X115X8 37954.36 33934.66 44200.00 27200.00 47.570 34.071
ISA150X150X10 56892.14 56892.14 56900.00 56900.00 46.303 46.303
ISA150X150X12 67716.39 67716.39 67700.00 67700.00 46.109 46.109
ISA150X150X15 83500.93 83500.93 83500.00 83500.00 45.785 45.785
ISA150X150X18 98766.48 98766.48 98700.00 98700.00 45.444 45.444
ISA150X75X10 37274.09 16033.83 51600.00 14500.00 48.114 19.891
ISA150X75X12 44102.18 18391.87 61200.00 17100.00 47.866 19.707
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ISA150X75X8 30230.14 13422.56 41700.00 11800.00 48.348 20.074
ISA200X100X10 67259.59 38678.16 92800.00 26200.00 64.561 30.452
ISA200X100X12 79983.24 34921.98 110600.00 31100.00 64.336 26.679
ISA200X100X15 98453.32 41518.11 136500.00 38300.00 63.968 26.397
ISA200X150X10 83559.73 74317.42 98300.00 58300.00 63.660 44.378
ISA200X150X12 99689.03 88923.77 117400.00 69600.00 63.489 44.222
ISA200X150X15 123194.10 110215.91 145399.99 86000.00 63.176 43.933ISA200X150X18 146002.47 131130.34 172500.00 101900.00 62.834 43.617
ISA200X200X12 122192.63 122192.63 122200.00 122200.00 61.952 61.952
ISA200X200X15 151461.06 151461.06 151399.99 151399.99 61.662 61.662
ISA200X200X18 179895.76 179895.76 179899.99 179899.99 61.336 61.336
ISA200X200X25 243364.03 243364.03 243300.00 243300.00 60.526 60.526
ISA20X20X3 283.69 283.69 300.00 300.00 5.976 5.976
ISA20X20X4 364.96 364.96 400.00 400.00 5.872 5.872
ISA25X25X3 446.93 446.93 400.00 400.00 7.532 7.532
ISA25X25X4 571.43 571.43 600.00 600.00 7.372 7.372
ISA25X25X5 701.75 701.75 700.00 700.00 7.303 7.303
ISA30X20X3 478.09 392.16 600.00 300.00 9.225 5.326
ISA30X20X4 607.29 490.20 800.00 400.00 9.029 5.213
ISA30X20X5 781.89 566.04 1000.00 400.00 9.189 5.164
ISA30X30X3 645.16 645.16 600.00 600.00 8.996 8.996
ISA30X30X4 845.07 845.07 800.00 800.00 8.924 8.924
ISA30X30X5 1009.62 1009.62 1000.00 1000.00 8.707 8.707
ISA35X35X3 901.96 901.96 900.00 900.00 10.644 10.644
ISA35X35X4 1160.00 1160.00 1200.00 1200.00 10.441 10.441
ISA35X35X5 1422.76 1422.76 1400.00 1400.00 10.346 10.346
ISA35X35X6 1694.21 1694.21 1700.00 1700.00 10.306 10.306
ISA40X25X3 874.64 692.31 1100.00 500.00 12.632 6.919
ISA40X25X5 1377.25 1007.19 1800.00 700.00 12.342 6.809
ISA40X25X6 1631.42 1118.88 2100.00 900.00 12.316 6.704
ISA40X40X3 1164.38 1164.38 1200.00 1200.00 12.054 12.054
ISA40X40X4 1562.50 1562.50 1600.00 1600.00 12.107 12.107
ISA40X40X5 1901.41 1901.41 1900.00 1900.00 11.952 11.952
ISA40X40X6 2250.00 2250.00 2300.00 2300.00 11.872 11.872
ISA45X30X3 1154.86 949.37 1400.00 700.00 14.207 8.295
ISA45X30X4 1511.94 1307.19 1900.00 900.00 14.117 8.362
ISA45X30X5 1849.87 1589.40 2300.00 1100.00 14.001 8.257
ISA45X30X6 2168.02 1806.45 2700.00 1300.00 13.868 8.204
ISA45X45X3 1515.15 1515.15 1500.00 1500.00 13.762 13.762
ISA45X45X4 2000.00 2000.00 2000.00 2000.00 13.686 13.686
ISA45X45X5 2461.06 2461.06 2500.00 2500.00 13.586 13.586
ISA45X45X6 2902.21 2902.21 2900.00 2900.00 13.471 13.471
ISA50X30X3 1356.32 981.60 1700.00 700.00 15.879 8.269
ISA50X30X4 1786.54 1250.00 2300.00 900.00 15.837 8.271
ISA50X30X5 2183.10 1453.49 2800.00 1100.00 15.685 8.133ISA50X30X6 2582.94 1647.73 3400.00 1300.00 15.616 8.055
ISA50X50X3 1875.00 1875.00 1900.00 1900.00 15.294 15.294
ISA50X50X4 2506.89 2506.89 2500.00 2500.00 15.315 15.315
ISA50X50X5 3064.07 3064.07 3100.00 3100.00 15.154 15.154
ISA50X50X6 3633.80 3633.80 3600.00 3600.00 15.070 15.070
ISA55X55X10 6957.67 6957.67 7000.00 7000.00 16.201 16.201
ISA55X55X5 3702.77 3702.77 3700.00 3700.00 16.701 16.701
ISA55X55X6 4402.04 4402.04 4400.00 4400.00 16.624 16.624
ISA55X55X8 5714.29 5714.29 5700.00 5700.00 16.400 16.400
ISA60X40X5 3353.17 2926.83 4200.00 2000.00 18.843 11.227
ISA60X40X6 3980.00 3482.59 5000.00 2300.00 18.767 11.131
ISA60X40X8 5162.60 3864.73 6500.00 3000.00 18.564 10.419
ISA60X60X10 8385.54 8385.54 8400.00 8400.00 17.787 17.787
ISA60X60X5 4413.79 4413.79 4400.00 4400.00 18.273 18.273
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ISA60X60X6 5243.62 5243.62 5200.00 5200.00 18.177 18.177
ISA60X60X8 6855.79 6855.79 6800.00 6800.00 17.991 17.991
ISA65X45X5 4077.49 3539.09 5000.00 2500.00 20.498 12.787
ISA65X45X6 4832.71 4225.94 5900.00 3000.00 20.396 12.712
ISA65X45X8 6264.15 5541.13 7700.00 3900.00 20.158 12.517
ISA65X65X10 9933.77 9933.77 9900.00 9900.00 19.365 19.365
ISA65X65X5 13954.80 13954.80 5200.00 5200.00 19.880 19.880ISA65X65X6 6204.69 6204.69 6200.00 6200.00 19.777 19.777
ISA65X65X8 8112.80 8112.80 8100.00 8100.00 19.575 19.575
ISA70X45X10 8559.03 6290.32 10900.00 4800.00 21.648 12.177
ISA70X45X5 4563.76 3876.65 5700.00 2500.00 22.198 12.626
ISA70X45X6 5414.55 4439.66 6800.00 3000.00 22.086 12.530
ISA70X45X8 7020.55 5458.33 8900.00 3900.00 21.860 12.356
ISA70X70X10 11673.47 11673.47 11700.00 11700.00 20.960 20.960
ISA70X70X5 6086.11 6086.11 6100.00 6100.00 21.433 21.433
ISA70X70X6 7272.73 7272.73 7300.00 7300.00 21.368 21.368
ISA70X70X8 9518.07 9518.07 9500.00 9500.00 21.166 21.166
ISA75X50X10 10146.58 8384.62 12700.00 6000.00 23.255 13.756
ISA75X50X5 5378.55 4674.33 6700.00 3200.00 23.800 14.236
ISA75X50X6 6396.83 5585.94 8000.00 3800.00 23.724 14.132
ISA75X50X8 8327.97 7261.90 10400.00 4900.00 23.500 13.968
ISA75X75X10 13522.73 13522.73 13500.00 13500.00 22.567 22.567
ISA75X75X5 7062.04 7062.04 7100.00 7100.00 23.072 23.072
ISA75X75X6 8400.74 8400.74 8400.00 8400.00 22.972 22.972
ISA75X75X8 11007.46 11007.46 11000.00 11000.00 22.770 22.770
ISA80X50X10 11182.63 7864.77 14400.00 6000.00 24.929 13.560
ISA80X50X5 5901.16 4730.77 7500.00 3200.00 25.447 14.006
ISA80X50X6 7017.54 5454.55 9000.00 3800.00 25.366 13.894
ISA80X50X8 9156.80 6776.56 11700.00 4900.00 25.158 13.754
ISA80X80X10 15494.70 15494.70 15500.00 15500.00 24.140 24.140
ISA80X80X12 18261.65 18261.65 18300.00 18300.00 23.920 23.920
ISA80X80X6 9621.99 9621.99 9600.00 9600.00 24.552 24.552
ISA80X80X8 12652.71 12652.71 12600.00 12600.00 24.368 24.368
ISA90X60X10 14885.91 12861.84 18600.00 8800.00 28.135 16.706
ISA90X60X12 17516.96 14487.18 22000.00 10300.00 27.913 16.516
ISA90X60X6 9277.27 8051.12 11500.00 5500.00 28.569 17.068
ISA90X60X8 12167.55 10657.90 15100.00 7200.00 28.368 16.881
ISA90X90X10 19765.99 19765.99 19800.00 19800.00 27.276 27.276
ISA90X90X12 23328.08 23328.08 23300.00 23300.00 27.065 27.065
ISA90X90X6 12173.25 12173.25 12200.00 12200.00 27.659 27.659
ISA90X90X8 16055.47 16055.47 16000.00 16000.00 27.489 27.489
4. Load patterns
This section provides loading information as applied to the model.
4.1. Definitions
Table 7: Load Pattern Definitions
Load Pat Design Type Self Wt Mult Auto Load
WIND WIND 1.000000 None
DEAD DEAD 1.000000
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Fig 9.4: Dead Loads
Fig: 9.5: Wind Loads
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Fig 9.6: Wind Loads on Top Panel
Fig 9.7: Wind Loads on Bottom Panel
5. Load combinations
This section provides load combination information.
Table 8: Combination Definitions
Combo Name Combo Type Case Name Scale FactorCOMB1 Linear Add DEAD1 1.000000
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COMB1 WIND1 1.000000
DSTL1 Linear Add DEAD1 1.500000
DSTL2 Linear Add DEAD1 1.200000
DSTL2 WIND1 0.600000
DSTL3 Linear Add DEAD1 1.200000DSTL3 WIND1 -0.600000
DSTL4 Linear Add DEAD1 1.200000
DSTL4 WIND1 1.200000
DSTL5 Linear Add DEAD1 1.200000
DSTL5 WIND1 -1.200000
DSTL6 Linear Add DEAD1 1.500000
DSTL6 WIND1 1.500000
DSTL7 Linear Add DEAD1 1.500000
DSTL7 WIND1 -1.500000DSTL8 Linear Add DEAD1 0.900000
DSTL8 WIND1 1.500000
DSTL9 Linear Add DEAD1 0.900000
DSTL9 WIND1 -1.500000
DSTL10 Linear Add DEAD1 1.000000
6. Structure results This section provides structure results, including items such as structural periods and base reactions.
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Figure 9.8: Deformed shape
7. Modal Results
7.1. Base reactions
Table 9: Base ReactionsOutput Case Global FX Global FY Global FZ Global MX Global MY Global MZ
KN KN KN KN-mm KN-mm KN-mm
WIND1 -234.400 -1.680E-12 258.080 -264807.14 -4941281.76 3501.01
DEAD1 -4.158E-14 2.241E-14 457.240 -4670.50 -4399.08 781.16
8. Joint results
This section provides joint results, including items such as displacements and reactions.
Table 10: Joint DisplacementsJoint OutputCase U1 U2 U3 R1 R2 R3
mm mm mm Radians Radians Radians1 WIND1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
1 DEAD1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
XY XZY Z
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2 WIND1 0.930568 0.209192 0.398448 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
2 DEAD1 0.036684 0.043055 -0.311622 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
3 WIND1 0.662037 0.135675 -0.117522 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
3 DEAD1 -0.131244 0.001719 0.001005 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
4 WIND1 0.601714 0.084455 -0.000876 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
4 DEAD1 -0.002957 0.136730 -0.038966 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
5 WIND1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.0000005 DEAD1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
6 WIND1 0.957439 0.197638 0.565973 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
6 DEAD1 0.036201 -0.038224 -0.307528 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
7 WIND1 0.613581 0.179656 0.039424 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
7 DEAD1 -0.003454 -0.131818 -0.038304 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
8 WIND1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
8 DEAD1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
9 WIND1 0.919011 0.206531 -0.900117 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
9 DEAD1 -0.044299 0.044990 -0.313293 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
10 WIND1 0.553544 0.128024 0.064139 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
10 DEAD1 0.124397 0.002857 -0.000120 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
11 WIND1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
11 DEAD1 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
12 WIND1 0.931590 0.180245 -0.730981 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
12 DEAD1 -0.044887 -0.036283 -0.311509 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
13 WIND1 2.480528 0.117351 0.721607 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
13 DEAD1 0.046676 0.061718 -0.574371 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
14 WIND1 2.491099 0.294151 0.241178 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
14 DEAD1 -0.005603 0.002599 -0.290317 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
15 WIND1 2.271906 0.093281 -0.243525 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
15 DEAD1 -0.006480 0.009837 -0.294533 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
16 WIND1 2.383837 0.602339 1.097319 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
16 DEAD1 0.052197 -0.057302 -0.567553 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
17 WIND1 2.311901 0.482335 -0.043342 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
17 DEAD1 -0.003496 0.000459 -0.290972 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
18 WIND1 2.274315 0.657600 -1.745772 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
18 DEAD1 -0.064411 0.070657 -0.579485 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
19 WIND1 2.092493 0.280710 -0.645798 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
19 DEAD1 -0.005009 0.007063 -0.293573 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
20 WIND1 2.484863 0.049725 -1.354851 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
20 DEAD1 -0.057878 -0.051495 -0.573783 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
21 WIND1 5.036860 1.114933 0.783838 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
21 DEAD1 -0.323936 -0.310656 -0.697672 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
22 WIND1 5.694467 -1.196963 1.133392 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
22 DEAD1 -0.298233 0.301737 -0.692762 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
23 WIND1 5.990062 -1.565100 -1.944194 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
23 DEAD1 0.301707 -0.308539 -0.705437 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
24 WIND1 5.459399 1.472421 -1.564420 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000024 DEAD1 0.318314 0.315152 -0.696814 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
25 WIND1 10.901616 -1.095551 0.770481 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
25 DEAD1 0.204759 0.138498 -0.961883 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
26 WIND1 10.224269 -0.118528 1.312045 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
26 DEAD1 0.219742 -0.179592 -0.959936 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
27 WIND1 9.982327 0.016092 -2.456704 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
27 DEAD1 -0.202651 0.159836 -0.976600 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
28 WIND1 10.732029 -1.300114 -1.848825 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
28 DEAD1 -0.190937 -0.163873 -0.961191 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
29 WIND1 22.056191 -0.933018 1.321766 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
29 DEAD1 -0.523867 -0.439709 -1.101458 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
30 WIND1 23.793860 -5.117780 2.234840 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
30 DEAD1 -0.576174 0.454588 -1.102219 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
31 WIND1 24.691268 -6.097173 -3.583752 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
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31 DEAD1 0.648128 -0.539938 -1.124903 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
32 WIND1 23.742461 -0.916963 -2.531390 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
32 DEAD1 0.506312 0.384523 -1.101223 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
33 WIND1 41.846683 -6.963601 1.635189 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
33 DEAD1 0.220888 -0.020579 -1.231414 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
34 WIND1 41.202857 -6.178202 2.813195 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
34 DEAD1 0.057062 -0.014889 -1.230155 0.000000 0.000000 0.00000035 WIND1 40.607546 -7.408837 -4.362756 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
35 DEAD1 0.047212 -0.151655 -1.264410 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
36 WIND1 41.166806 -7.814750 -2.998976 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
36 DEAD1 -0.099943 -0.117140 -1.232608 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
37 WIND1 59.828408 -9.930150 1.747764 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
37 DEAD1 -0.030156 -0.219726 -1.308851 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
38 WIND1 60.560488 -11.592534 3.117856 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
38 DEAD1 -0.305608 0.216282 -1.312489 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
39 WIND1 62.138322 -13.427649 -4.795397 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
39 DEAD1 0.533565 -0.458652 -1.353895 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
40 WIND1 60.202427 -11.794351 -3.202482 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
40 DEAD1 0.268787 -0.045971 -1.314017 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
41 WIND1 82.413689 -15.650810 1.756706 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
41 DEAD1 0.232847 -0.174674 -1.441622 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
42 WIND1 80.832439 -14.826594 3.345722 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
42 DEAD1 -0.081743 0.126879 -1.423559 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
43 WIND1 81.047036 -17.582989 -5.030024 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
43 DEAD1 0.351679 -0.385458 -1.423242 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
44 WIND1 81.074045 -17.808032 -3.382399 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
44 DEAD1 0.136337 -0.150576 -1.452082 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
45 WIND1 101.857871 -20.335429 1.615909 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
45 DEAD1 0.115500 -0.124000 -1.512877 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
46 WIND1 101.646686 -20.102540 3.291401 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
46 DEAD1 0.017772 -0.010202 -1.498386 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
47 WIND1 103.175711 -22.980355 -5.057131 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
47 DEAD1 0.336258 -0.270116 -1.495525 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
48 WIND1 101.650218 -22.982292 -3.267845 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
48 DEAD1 0.185857 -0.096460 -1.524318 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
49 WIND1 121.734576 -25.877443 1.521355 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
49 DEAD1 0.179084 -0.113354 -1.530202 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
50 WIND1 120.547739 -25.874871 3.255562 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
50 DEAD1 0.175995 -0.113333 -1.514967 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
51 WIND1 121.726292 -29.171372 -5.062741 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
51 DEAD1 0.178179 -0.108694 -1.513895 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
52 WIND1 120.548107 -29.171068 -3.210937 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
52 DEAD1 0.175547 -0.109026 -1.541323 0.000000 0.000000 0.000000
Table 11: Joint ReactionsJoint Output Case F1 F2 F3 M1 M2 M3
KN KN KN KN-mm KN-mm KN-mm
1 WIND1 -45.961 -36.739 -227.571 0.00 0.00 0.00
1 DEAD1 17.228 17.080 114.587 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 WIND1 -51.876 36.625 -261.049 0.00 0.00 0.00
5 DEAD1 17.013 -17.045 113.483 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 WIND1 -70.916 56.061 389.712 0.00 0.00 0.00
8 DEAD1 -17.096 17.124 114.617 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 WIND1 -65.647 -55.947 356.988 0.00 0.00 0.00
11 DEAD1 -17.146 -17.159 114.553 0.00 0.00 0.00
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Fig 9.9: Joint Reactions
9. Frame results
This section provides frame force results.
Table 12: Element Forces - FramesFrame Station Output Case P V2 V3
mm KN KN KN
1 0.00 WIND1 212.861 -0.642 0.060
1 2555.63 WIND1 214.666 -0.259 0.060
1 5111.26 WIND1 216.471 0.124 0.060
1 0.00 DEAD1 -114.776 -0.461 -0.048
1 2555.63 DEAD1 -112.971 -0.079 -0.048
1 5111.26 DEAD1 -111.166 0.304 -0.048
2 0.00 WIND1 3.721 -0.279 -3.469E-17
2 3223.45 WIND1 4.064 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17
2 6446.90 WIND1 4.407 0.279 -3.469E-17
2 0.00 DEAD1 -1.121 -0.279 -3.469E-17
2 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.779 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17
2 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.436 0.279 -3.469E-17
3 0.00 WIND1 21.847 -0.279 -3.469E-17
3 3223.45 WIND1 22.189 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17
3 6446.90 WIND1 22.532 0.279 -3.469E-17
3 0.00 DEAD1 -1.280 -0.279 -3.469E-17
3 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.937 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17
3 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.594 0.279 -3.469E-17
4 0.00 WIND1 254.530 -0.954 -0.679
4 2555.63 WIND1 256.335 -0.571 -0.679
4 5111.26 WIND1 258.140 -0.188 -0.679
4 0.00 DEAD1 -113.533 -0.456 -0.043
4 2555.63 DEAD1 -111.728 -0.073 -0.043
4 5111.26 DEAD1 -109.923 0.309 -0.043
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5 0.00 WIND1 -6.046 -0.279 -3.469E-17
5 3223.45 WIND1 -5.703 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17
5 6446.90 WIND1 -5.361 0.279 -3.469E-17
5 0.00 DEAD1 -1.245 -0.279 -3.469E-17
5 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.902 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17
5 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.560 0.279 -3.469E-17
6 0.00 WIND1 22.304 -0.279 -3.469E-176 3223.45 WIND1 22.647 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17
6 6446.90 WIND1 22.990 0.279 -3.469E-17
6 0.00 DEAD1 -1.301 -0.279 -3.469E-17
6 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.958 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17
6 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.615 0.279 -3.469E-17
7 0.00 WIND1 -381.435 0.115 0.626
7 2555.63 WIND1 -379.630 0.498 0.626
7 5111.26 WIND1 -377.825 0.881 0.626
7 0.00 DEAD1 -114.866 -0.464 -0.048
7 2555.63 DEAD1 -113.061 -0.081 -0.048
7 5111.26 DEAD1 -111.256 0.302 -0.048
8 0.00 WIND1 3.415 -0.279 -3.469E-17
8 3223.45 WIND1 3.758 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17
8 6446.90 WIND1 4.101 0.279 -3.469E-17
8 0.00 DEAD1 -1.085 -0.279 -3.469E-17
8 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.742 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17
8 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.399 0.279 -3.469E-17
9 0.00 WIND1 -24.340 -0.316 -1.249E-16
9 3223.45 WIND1 -23.951 5.551E-17 -1.249E-16
9 6446.90 WIND1 -23.563 0.316 -1.249E-16
9 0.00 DEAD1 -1.209 -0.316 -1.249E-16
9 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.821 5.551E-17 -1.249E-16
9 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.432 0.316 -1.249E-16
10 0.00 WIND1 -340.255 -0.188 -0.107
10 2555.63 WIND1 -338.450 0.195 -0.107
10 5111.26 WIND1 -336.645 0.577 -0.107
10 0.00 DEAD1 -114.652 -0.458 -0.042
10 2555.63 DEAD1 -112.847 -0.075 -0.042
10 5111.26 DEAD1 -111.042 0.308 -0.042
11 0.00 WIND1 -5.801 -0.279 -3.469E-17
11 3223.45 WIND1 -5.458 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17
11 6446.90 WIND1 -5.116 0.279 -3.469E-17
11 0.00 DEAD1 -1.291 -0.279 -3.469E-17
11 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.948 1.665E-16 -3.469E-17
11 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.605 0.279 -3.469E-17
12 0.00 WIND1 -24.789 -0.316 -1.249E-16
12 3223.45 WIND1 -24.401 5.551E-17 -1.249E-16
12 6446.90 WIND1 -24.012 0.316 -1.249E-1612 0.00 DEAD1 -1.193 -0.316 -1.249E-16
12 3223.45 DEAD1 -0.804 5.551E-17 -1.249E-16
12 6446.90 DEAD1 -0.416 0.316 -1.249E-16
13 0.00 WIND1 202.480 -0.547 0.388
13 2555.63 WIND1 204.285 -0.164 0.388
13 5111.26 WIND1 206.090 0.219 0.388
13 0.00 DEAD1 -99.240 -0.433 -0.032
13 2555.63 DEAD1 -97.435 -0.050 -0.032
13 5111.26 DEAD1 -95.630 0.333 -0.032
14 0.00 WIND1 6.492 -0.229 -2.082E-17
14 3005.20 WIND1 6.835 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
14 6010.41 WIND1 7.178 0.229 -2.082E-17
14 0.00 DEAD1 -0.929 -0.229 -2.082E-17
14 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.587 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
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14 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.244 0.229 -2.082E-17
15 0.00 WIND1 10.658 -0.229 -2.082E-17
15 3005.20 WIND1 11.001 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
15 6010.41 WIND1 11.343 0.229 -2.082E-17
15 0.00 DEAD1 -1.168 -0.229 -2.082E-17
15 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.826 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
15 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.483 0.229 -2.082E-1716 0.00 WIND1 256.286 -1.256 -1.057
16 2555.63 WIND1 258.091 -0.873 -1.057
16 5111.26 WIND1 259.896 -0.490 -1.057
16 0.00 DEAD1 -97.850 -0.432 -0.028
16 2555.63 DEAD1 -96.045 -0.049 -0.028
16 5111.26 DEAD1 -94.240 0.334 -0.028
17 0.00 WIND1 -8.495 -0.229 -2.082E-17
17 3005.20 WIND1 -8.152 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
17 6010.41 WIND1 -7.809 0.229 -2.082E-17
17 0.00 DEAD1 -1.150 -0.229 -2.082E-17
17 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.807 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
17 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.465 0.229 -2.082E-17
18 0.00 WIND1 11.480 -0.229 -2.082E-17
18 3005.20 WIND1 11.822 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
18 6010.41 WIND1 12.165 0.229 -2.082E-17
18 0.00 DEAD1 -1.122 -0.229 -2.082E-17
18 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.779 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
18 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.436 0.229 -2.082E-17
19 0.00 WIND1 -371.747 0.390 0.990
19 2555.63 WIND1 -369.942 0.773 0.990
19 5111.26 WIND1 -368.137 1.156 0.990
19 0.00 DEAD1 -99.569 -0.437 -0.030
19 2555.63 DEAD1 -97.764 -0.054 -0.030
19 5111.26 DEAD1 -95.959 0.329 -0.030
20 0.00 WIND1 6.206 -0.229 -2.082E-17
20 3005.20 WIND1 6.549 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
20 6010.41 WIND1 6.892 0.229 -2.082E-17
20 0.00 DEAD1 -0.903 -0.229 -2.082E-17
20 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.560 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
20 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.218 0.229 -2.082E-17
21 0.00 WIND1 -12.755 -0.229 -2.082E-17
21 3005.20 WIND1 -12.412 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
21 6010.41 WIND1 -12.070 0.229 -2.082E-17
21 0.00 DEAD1 -0.917 -0.229 -2.082E-17
21 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.574 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
21 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.232 0.229 -2.082E-17
22 0.00 WIND1 -317.456 -0.286 -0.440
22 2555.63 WIND1 -315.651 0.097 -0.44022 5111.26 WIND1 -313.846 0.480 -0.440
22 0.00 DEAD1 -99.086 -0.431 -0.029
22 2555.63 DEAD1 -97.281 -0.048 -0.029
22 5111.26 DEAD1 -95.476 0.335 -0.029
23 0.00 WIND1 -8.328 -0.229 -2.082E-17
23 3005.20 WIND1 -7.985 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
23 6010.41 WIND1 -7.642 0.229 -2.082E-17
23 0.00 DEAD1 -1.182 -0.229 -2.082E-17
23 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.840 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
23 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.497 0.229 -2.082E-17
24 0.00 WIND1 -13.537 -0.229 -2.082E-17
24 3005.20 WIND1 -13.194 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
24 6010.41 WIND1 -12.851 0.229 -2.082E-17
24 0.00 DEAD1 -0.958 -0.229 -2.082E-17
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24 3005.20 DEAD1 -0.615 3.331E-16 -2.082E-17
24 6010.41 DEAD1 -0.272 0.229 -2.082E-17
25 0.00 WIND1 222.627 -1.534 -0.220
25 2555.63 WIND1 224.432 -1.151 -0.220
25 5111.26 WIND1 226.237 -0.768 -0.220
25 0.00 DEAD1 -90.304 -0.069 0.186
25 2555.63 DEAD1 -88.499 0.314 0.18625 5111.26 DEAD1 -86.694 0.697 0.186
26 0.00 WIND1 -23.815 -0.711 -3.469E-16
26 3302.46 WIND1 -22.991 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16
26 6604.92 WIND1 -22.168 0.711 -3.469E-16
26 0.00 DEAD1 2.666 -0.711 -3.469E-16
26 3302.46 DEAD1 3.489 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16
26 6604.92 DEAD1 4.313 0.711 -3.469E-16
27 0.00 WIND1 4.222 -0.512 -1.388E-16
27 3302.46 WIND1 4.815 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16
27 6604.92 WIND1 5.408 0.512 -1.388E-16
27 0.00 DEAD1 1.645 -0.512 -1.388E-16
27 3302.46 DEAD1 2.237 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16
27 6604.92 DEAD1 2.830 0.512 -1.388E-16
28 0.00 WIND1 300.758 -3.050 -2.022
28 2555.63 WIND1 302.563 -2.667 -2.022
28 5111.26 WIND1 304.368 -2.284 -2.022
28 0.00 DEAD1 -89.128 -0.087 0.172
28 2555.63 DEAD1 -87.323 0.296 0.172
28 5111.26 DEAD1 -85.518 0.679 0.172
29 0.00 WIND1 -36.988 -0.711 -3.469E-16
29 3302.46 WIND1 -36.165 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16
29 6604.92 WIND1 -35.342 0.711 -3.469E-16
29 0.00 DEAD1 2.143 -0.711 -3.469E-16
29 3302.46 DEAD1 2.967 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16
29 6604.92 DEAD1 3.790 0.711 -3.469E-16
30 0.00 WIND1 -13.794 -0.512 -1.388E-16
30 3302.46 WIND1 -13.201 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16
30 6604.92 WIND1 -12.609 0.512 -1.388E-16
30 0.00 DEAD1 2.453 -0.512 -1.388E-16
30 3302.46 DEAD1 3.046 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16
30 6604.92 DEAD1 3.639 0.512 -1.388E-16
31 0.00 WIND1 -412.424 2.625 2.219
31 2555.63 WIND1 -410.619 3.008 2.219
31 5111.26 WIND1 -408.814 3.391 2.219
31 0.00 DEAD1 -91.435 -0.073 0.180
31 2555.63 DEAD1 -89.630 0.310 0.180
31 5111.26 DEAD1 -87.825 0.693 0.180
32 0.00 WIND1 39.971 -0.711 -3.469E-1632 3302.46 WIND1 40.794 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16
32 6604.92 WIND1 41.617 0.711 -3.469E-16
32 0.00 DEAD1 2.583 -0.711 -3.469E-16
32 3302.46 DEAD1 3.406 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16
32 6604.92 DEAD1 4.230 0.711 -3.469E-16
33 0.00 WIND1 17.949 -0.512 -1.388E-16
33 3302.46 WIND1 18.542 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16
33 6604.92 WIND1 19.135 0.512 -1.388E-16
33 0.00 DEAD1 2.760 -0.512 -1.388E-16
33 3302.46 DEAD1 3.353 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16
33 6604.92 DEAD1 3.946 0.512 -1.388E-16
34 0.00 WIND1 -329.472 1.124 0.433
34 2555.63 WIND1 -327.667 1.507 0.433
34 5111.26 WIND1 -325.862 1.890 0.433
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34 0.00 DEAD1 -90.194 -0.072 0.181
34 2555.63 DEAD1 -88.389 0.311 0.181
34 5111.26 DEAD1 -86.584 0.694 0.181
35 0.00 WIND1 25.688 -0.711 -3.469E-16
35 3302.46 WIND1 26.512 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16
35 6604.92 WIND1 27.335 0.711 -3.469E-16
35 0.00 DEAD1 2.564 -0.711 -3.469E-1635 3302.46 DEAD1 3.387 -2.220E-16 -3.469E-16
35 6604.92 DEAD1 4.210 0.711 -3.469E-16
36 0.00 WIND1 -4.517 -0.512 -1.388E-16
36 3302.46 WIND1 -3.924 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16
36 6604.92 WIND1 -3.331 0.512 -1.388E-16
36 0.00 DEAD1 1.805 -0.512 -1.388E-16
36 3302.46 DEAD1 2.398 2.220E-16 -1.388E-16
36 6604.92 DEAD1 2.991 0.512 -1.388E-16
37 0.00 WIND1 199.806 0.159 2.703
37 2555.63 WIND1 201.611 0.541 2.703
37 5111.26 WIND1 203.416 0.924 2.703
37 0.00 DEAD1 -46.115 -0.831 -0.241
37 2555.63 DEAD1 -44.310 -0.448 -0.241
37 5111.26 DEAD1 -42.505 -0.065 -0.241
38 0.00 WIND1 84.325 -0.469 1.804E-16
38 2877.72 WIND1 85.148 6.106E-16 1.804E-16
38 5755.43 WIND1 85.971 0.469 1.804E-16
38 0.00 DEAD1 -15.554 -0.469 1.804E-16
38 2877.72 DEAD1 -14.730 6.106E-16 1.804E-16
38 5755.43 DEAD1 -13.907 0.469 1.804E-16
39 0.00 WIND1 -67.527 -0.338 6.939E-17
39 2877.72 WIND1 -66.934 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17
39 5755.43 WIND1 -66.341 0.338 6.939E-17
39 0.00 DEAD1 -14.426 -0.338 6.939E-17
39 2877.72 DEAD1 -13.834 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17
39 5755.43 DEAD1 -13.241 0.338 6.939E-17
40 0.00 WIND1 260.719 -3.394 -3.434
40 2555.63 WIND1 262.524 -3.011 -3.434
40 5111.26 WIND1 264.329 -2.628 -3.434
40 0.00 DEAD1 -46.018 -0.872 -0.300
40 2555.63 DEAD1 -44.213 -0.489 -0.300
40 5111.26 DEAD1 -42.408 -0.106 -0.300
41 0.00 WIND1 48.318 -0.469 1.804E-16
41 2877.72 WIND1 49.141 6.106E-16 1.804E-16
41 5755.43 WIND1 49.964 0.469 1.804E-16
41 0.00 DEAD1 -14.911 -0.469 1.804E-16
41 2877.72 DEAD1 -14.088 6.106E-16 1.804E-16
41 5755.43 DEAD1 -13.265 0.469 1.804E-1642 0.00 WIND1 -19.743 -0.338 6.939E-17
42 2877.72 WIND1 -19.150 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17
42 5755.43 WIND1 -18.557 0.338 6.939E-17
42 0.00 DEAD1 -14.224 -0.338 6.939E-17
42 2877.72 DEAD1 -13.631 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17
42 5755.43 DEAD1 -13.038 0.338 6.939E-17
43 0.00 WIND1 -331.363 2.112 3.120
43 2555.63 WIND1 -329.558 2.495 3.120
43 5111.26 WIND1 -327.753 2.878 3.120
43 0.00 DEAD1 -49.025 -0.860 -0.293
43 2555.63 DEAD1 -47.220 -0.477 -0.293
43 5111.26 DEAD1 -45.415 -0.094 -0.293
44 0.00 WIND1 -64.582 -0.469 1.804E-16
44 2877.72 WIND1 -63.759 6.106E-16 1.804E-16
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44 5755.43 WIND1 -62.936 0.469 1.804E-16
44 0.00 DEAD1 -14.694 -0.469 1.804E-16
44 2877.72 DEAD1 -13.871 6.106E-16 1.804E-16
44 5755.43 DEAD1 -13.048 0.469 1.804E-16
45 0.00 WIND1 7.587 -0.338 6.939E-17
45 2877.72 WIND1 8.180 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17
45 5755.43 WIND1 8.772 0.338 6.939E-1745 0.00 DEAD1 -13.882 -0.338 6.939E-17
45 2877.72 DEAD1 -13.289 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17
45 5755.43 DEAD1 -12.696 0.338 6.939E-17
46 0.00 WIND1 -250.403 -1.468 -3.016
46 2555.63 WIND1 -248.598 -1.085 -3.016
46 5111.26 WIND1 -246.793 -0.702 -3.016
46 0.00 DEAD1 -45.588 -0.848 -0.266
46 2555.63 DEAD1 -43.783 -0.466 -0.266
46 5111.26 DEAD1 -41.978 -0.083 -0.266
47 0.00 WIND1 -105.204 -0.469 1.804E-16
47 2877.72 WIND1 -104.381 6.106E-16 1.804E-16
47 5755.43 WIND1 -103.557 0.469 1.804E-16
47 0.00 DEAD1 -16.583 -0.469 1.804E-16
47 2877.72 DEAD1 -15.760 6.106E-16 1.804E-16
47 5755.43 DEAD1 -14.936 0.469 1.804E-16
48 0.00 WIND1 47.694 -0.338 6.939E-17
48 2877.72 WIND1 48.287 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17
48 5755.43 WIND1 48.880 0.338 6.939E-17
48 0.00 DEAD1 -13.748 -0.338 6.939E-17
48 2877.72 DEAD1 -13.155 -2.220E-16 6.939E-17
48 5755.43 DEAD1 -12.562 0.338 6.939E-17
49 0.00 WIND1 178.821 4.474 2.690
49 3000.00 WIND1 180.987 4.474 2.690
49 6000.00 WIND1 183.153 4.474 2.690
49 0.00 DEAD1 -47.989 -0.426 -0.401
49 3000.00 DEAD1 -45.823 -0.426 -0.401
49 6000.00 DEAD1 -43.657 -0.426 -0.401
50 0.00 WIND1 6.524 -0.137 6.592E-17
50 3162.28 WIND1 6.935 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
50 6324.56 WIND1 7.346 0.137 6.592E-17
50 0.00 DEAD1 -2.373 -0.137 6.592E-17
50 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.962 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
50 6324.56 DEAD1 -1.551 0.137 6.592E-17
51 0.00 WIND1 69.432 -0.722 -3.053E-16
51 3162.28 WIND1 71.598 1.110E-16 -3.053E-16
51 6324.56 WIND1 73.764 0.722 -3.053E-16
51 0.00 DEAD1 -6.666 -0.722 -3.053E-16
51 3162.28 DEAD1 -4.500 1.110E-16 -3.053E-1651 6324.56 DEAD1 -2.334 0.722 -3.053E-16
52 0.00 WIND1 300.788 4.220 1.206
52 3000.00 WIND1 302.954 4.220 1.206
52 6000.00 WIND1 305.120 4.220 1.206
52 0.00 DEAD1 -48.877 -0.167 0.065
52 3000.00 DEAD1 -46.711 -0.167 0.065
52 6000.00 DEAD1 -44.545 -0.167 0.065
53 0.00 WIND1 15.365 -0.137 6.592E-17
53 3162.28 WIND1 15.777 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
53 6324.56 WIND1 16.188 0.137 6.592E-17
53 0.00 DEAD1 -3.487 -0.137 6.592E-17
53 3162.28 DEAD1 -3.075 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
53 6324.56 DEAD1 -2.664 0.137 6.592E-17
54 0.00 WIND1 63.598 -0.237 -2.082E-17
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
47
54 3162.28 WIND1 64.309 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
54 6324.56 WIND1 65.021 0.237 -2.082E-17
54 0.00 DEAD1 -5.153 -0.237 -2.082E-17
54 3162.28 DEAD1 -4.441 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
54 6324.56 DEAD1 -3.730 0.237 -2.082E-17
55 0.00 WIND1 -372.176 4.411 1.031
55 3000.00 WIND1 -370.010 4.411 1.03155 6000.00 WIND1 -367.844 4.411 1.031
55 0.00 DEAD1 -50.854 0.174 -0.078
55 3000.00 DEAD1 -48.688 0.174 -0.078
55 6000.00 DEAD1 -46.522 0.174 -0.078
56 0.00 WIND1 -24.996 -0.155 -2.776E-17
56 3162.28 WIND1 -24.530 -1.665E-16 -2.776E-17
56 6324.56 WIND1 -24.064 0.155 -2.776E-17
56 0.00 DEAD1 -3.629 -0.155 -2.776E-17
56 3162.28 DEAD1 -3.163 -1.665E-16 -2.776E-17
56 6324.56 DEAD1 -2.696 0.155 -2.776E-17
57 0.00 WIND1 -74.896 -0.722 -3.053E-16
57 3162.28 WIND1 -72.730 1.110E-16 -3.053E-16
57 6324.56 WIND1 -70.564 0.722 -3.053E-16
57 0.00 DEAD1 -7.421 -0.722 -3.053E-16
57 3162.28 DEAD1 -5.255 1.110E-16 -3.053E-16
57 6324.56 DEAD1 -3.089 0.722 -3.053E-16
58 0.00 WIND1 -226.252 5.264 3.215
58 3000.00 WIND1 -224.086 5.264 3.215
58 6000.00 WIND1 -221.920 5.264 3.215
58 0.00 DEAD1 -48.139 0.406 0.382
58 3000.00 DEAD1 -45.973 0.406 0.382
58 6000.00 DEAD1 -43.807 0.406 0.382
59 0.00 WIND1 -8.036 -0.137 6.592E-17
59 3162.28 WIND1 -7.625 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
59 6324.56 WIND1 -7.213 0.137 6.592E-17
59 0.00 DEAD1 -2.563 -0.137 6.592E-17
59 3162.28 DEAD1 -2.152 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
59 6324.56 DEAD1 -1.741 0.137 6.592E-17
60 0.00 WIND1 -82.025 -0.722 -3.053E-16
60 3162.28 WIND1 -79.859 1.110E-16 -3.053E-16
60 6324.56 WIND1 -77.693 0.722 -3.053E-16
60 0.00 DEAD1 -5.894 -0.722 -3.053E-16
60 3162.28 DEAD1 -3.728 1.110E-16 -3.053E-16
60 6324.56 DEAD1 -1.562 0.722 -3.053E-16
61 0.00 WIND1 100.731 6.451 2.260
61 3000.00 WIND1 102.897 6.451 2.260
61 6000.00 WIND1 105.063 6.451 2.260
61 0.00 DEAD1 -44.830 0.395 0.34261 3000.00 DEAD1 -42.664 0.395 0.342
61 6000.00 DEAD1 -40.498 0.395 0.342
62 0.00 WIND1 -14.827 -0.137 6.592E-17
62 3162.28 WIND1 -14.416 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
62 6324.56 WIND1 -14.005 0.137 6.592E-17
62 0.00 DEAD1 0.313 -0.137 6.592E-17
62 3162.28 DEAD1 0.724 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
62 6324.56 DEAD1 1.136 0.137 6.592E-17
63 0.00 WIND1 47.743 -0.237 -2.082E-17
63 3162.28 WIND1 48.454 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
63 6324.56 WIND1 49.166 0.237 -2.082E-17
63 0.00 DEAD1 1.949 -0.237 -2.082E-17
63 3162.28 DEAD1 2.660 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
63 6324.56 DEAD1 3.372 0.237 -2.082E-17
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
48
64 0.00 WIND1 187.708 6.674 3.676
64 3000.00 WIND1 189.874 6.674 3.676
64 6000.00 WIND1 192.040 6.674 3.676
64 0.00 DEAD1 -44.167 0.141 -0.038
64 3000.00 DEAD1 -42.001 0.141 -0.038
64 6000.00 DEAD1 -39.835 0.141 -0.038
65 0.00 WIND1 0.465 -0.137 6.592E-1765 3162.28 WIND1 0.876 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
65 6324.56 WIND1 1.288 0.137 6.592E-17
65 0.00 DEAD1 1.227 -0.137 6.592E-17
65 3162.28 DEAD1 1.638 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
65 6324.56 DEAD1 2.049 0.137 6.592E-17
66 0.00 WIND1 53.362 -0.237 -2.082E-17
66 3162.28 WIND1 54.074 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
66 6324.56 WIND1 54.785 0.237 -2.082E-17
66 0.00 DEAD1 2.040 -0.237 -2.082E-17
66 3162.28 DEAD1 2.752 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
66 6324.56 DEAD1 3.463 0.237 -2.082E-17
67 0.00 WIND1 -257.913 6.021 3.225
67 3000.00 WIND1 -255.747 6.021 3.225
67 6000.00 WIND1 -253.581 6.021 3.225
67 0.00 DEAD1 -47.966 -0.148 0.013
67 3000.00 DEAD1 -45.800 -0.148 0.013
67 6000.00 DEAD1 -43.634 -0.148 0.013
68 0.00 WIND1 0.276 -0.137 6.592E-17
68 3162.28 WIND1 0.687 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
68 6324.56 WIND1 1.099 0.137 6.592E-17
68 0.00 DEAD1 1.453 -0.137 6.592E-17
68 3162.28 DEAD1 1.864 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
68 6324.56 DEAD1 2.275 0.137 6.592E-17
69 0.00 WIND1 -49.192 -0.237 -2.082E-17
69 3162.28 WIND1 -48.480 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
69 6324.56 WIND1 -47.769 0.237 -2.082E-17
69 0.00 DEAD1 2.773 -0.237 -2.082E-17
69 3162.28 DEAD1 3.484 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
69 6324.56 DEAD1 4.196 0.237 -2.082E-17
70 0.00 WIND1 -155.675 5.306 1.358
70 3000.00 WIND1 -153.509 5.306 1.358
70 6000.00 WIND1 -151.343 5.306 1.358
70 0.00 DEAD1 -45.300 -0.359 -0.342
70 3000.00 DEAD1 -43.134 -0.359 -0.342
70 6000.00 DEAD1 -40.968 -0.359 -0.342
71 0.00 WIND1 18.248 -0.137 6.592E-17
71 3162.28 WIND1 18.659 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
71 6324.56 WIND1 19.070 0.137 6.592E-1771 0.00 DEAD1 0.461 -0.137 6.592E-17
71 3162.28 DEAD1 0.872 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
71 6324.56 DEAD1 1.283 0.137 6.592E-17
72 0.00 WIND1 -46.864 -0.237 -2.082E-17
72 3162.28 WIND1 -46.153 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
72 6324.56 WIND1 -45.441 0.237 -2.082E-17
72 0.00 DEAD1 1.309 -0.237 -2.082E-17
72 3162.28 DEAD1 2.021 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
72 6324.56 DEAD1 2.732 0.237 -2.082E-17
73 0.00 WIND1 34.792 6.453 3.053
73 3000.00 WIND1 36.958 6.453 3.053
73 6000.00 WIND1 39.124 6.453 3.053
73 0.00 DEAD1 -27.589 -0.147 -0.138
73 3000.00 DEAD1 -25.423 -0.147 -0.138
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
49
73 6000.00 DEAD1 -23.257 -0.147 -0.138
74 0.00 WIND1 -3.795 -0.137 6.592E-17
74 3162.28 WIND1 -3.384 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
74 6324.56 WIND1 -2.972 0.137 6.592E-17
74 0.00 DEAD1 -0.530 -0.137 6.592E-17
74 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.119 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
74 6324.56 DEAD1 0.292 0.137 6.592E-1775 0.00 WIND1 31.635 -0.237 -2.082E-17
75 3162.28 WIND1 32.347 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
75 6324.56 WIND1 33.058 0.237 -2.082E-17
75 0.00 DEAD1 -2.483 -0.237 -2.082E-17
75 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.772 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
75 6324.56 DEAD1 -1.060 0.237 -2.082E-17
76 0.00 WIND1 97.854 6.424 2.403
76 3000.00 WIND1 100.020 6.424 2.403
76 6000.00 WIND1 102.186 6.424 2.403
76 0.00 DEAD1 -29.197 -0.090 6.570E-03
76 3000.00 DEAD1 -27.031 -0.090 6.570E-03
76 6000.00 DEAD1 -24.865 -0.090 6.570E-03
77 0.00 WIND1 9.980 -0.137 6.592E-17
77 3162.28 WIND1 10.391 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
77 6324.56 WIND1 10.802 0.137 6.592E-17
77 0.00 DEAD1 -0.996 -0.137 6.592E-17
77 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.584 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
77 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.173 0.137 6.592E-17
78 0.00 WIND1 30.104 -0.237 -2.082E-17
78 3162.28 WIND1 30.815 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
78 6324.56 WIND1 31.527 0.237 -2.082E-17
78 0.00 DEAD1 -2.001 -0.237 -2.082E-17
78 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.290 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
78 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.578 0.237 -2.082E-17
79 0.00 WIND1 -144.202 7.146 2.674
79 3000.00 WIND1 -142.036 7.146 2.674
79 6000.00 WIND1 -139.870 7.146 2.674
79 0.00 DEAD1 -31.544 0.121 -7.613E-03
79 3000.00 DEAD1 -29.378 0.121 -7.613E-03
79 6000.00 DEAD1 -27.212 0.121 -7.613E-03
80 0.00 WIND1 -17.329 -0.137 6.592E-17
80 3162.28 WIND1 -16.918 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
80 6324.56 WIND1 -16.507 0.137 6.592E-17
80 0.00 DEAD1 -1.218 -0.137 6.592E-17
80 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.807 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
80 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.395 0.137 6.592E-17
81 0.00 WIND1 -29.481 -0.237 -2.082E-17
81 3162.28 WIND1 -28.769 8.327E-17 -2.082E-1781 6324.56 WIND1 -28.058 0.237 -2.082E-17
81 0.00 DEAD1 -2.522 -0.237 -2.082E-17
81 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.810 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
81 6324.56 DEAD1 -1.099 0.237 -2.082E-17
82 0.00 WIND1 -68.977 6.634 2.898
82 3000.00 WIND1 -66.811 6.634 2.898
82 6000.00 WIND1 -64.645 6.634 2.898
82 0.00 DEAD1 -28.892 0.163 0.115
82 3000.00 DEAD1 -26.726 0.163 0.115
82 6000.00 DEAD1 -24.560 0.163 0.115
83 0.00 WIND1 3.771 -0.137 6.592E-17
83 3162.28 WIND1 4.182 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
83 6324.56 WIND1 4.593 0.137 6.592E-17
83 0.00 DEAD1 -0.829 -0.137 6.592E-17
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
50
83 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.418 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
83 6324.56 DEAD1 -6.656E-03 0.137 6.592E-17
84 0.00 WIND1 -34.459 -0.237 -2.082E-17
84 3162.28 WIND1 -33.748 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
84 6324.56 WIND1 -33.036 0.237 -2.082E-17
84 0.00 DEAD1 -1.811 -0.237 -2.082E-17
84 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.099 8.327E-17 -2.082E-1784 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.388 0.237 -2.082E-17
85 0.00 WIND1 0.351 1.994 0.816
85 3000.00 WIND1 1.339 1.994 0.816
85 6000.00 WIND1 2.327 1.994 0.816
85 0.00 DEAD1 -20.868 0.030 0.021
85 3000.00 DEAD1 -19.880 0.030 0.021
85 6000.00 DEAD1 -18.892 0.030 0.021
86 0.00 WIND1 -4.030 -0.237 -2.082E-17
86 3162.28 WIND1 -3.318 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
86 6324.56 WIND1 -2.607 0.237 -2.082E-17
86 0.00 DEAD1 -0.631 -0.237 -2.082E-17
86 3162.28 DEAD1 0.080 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
86 6324.56 DEAD1 0.792 0.237 -2.082E-17
87 0.00 WIND1 27.927 -0.237 -2.082E-17
87 3162.28 WIND1 28.639 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
87 6324.56 WIND1 29.350 0.237 -2.082E-17
87 0.00 DEAD1 0.539 -0.237 -2.082E-17
87 3162.28 DEAD1 1.251 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
87 6324.56 DEAD1 1.962 0.237 -2.082E-17
88 0.00 WIND1 39.334 2.235 1.076
88 3000.00 WIND1 40.507 2.235 1.076
88 6000.00 WIND1 41.679 2.235 1.076
88 0.00 DEAD1 -20.917 0.021 5.339E-03
88 3000.00 DEAD1 -19.744 0.021 5.339E-03
88 6000.00 DEAD1 -18.571 0.021 5.339E-03
89 0.00 WIND1 -1.526 -0.237 -2.082E-17
89 3162.28 WIND1 -0.814 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
89 6324.56 WIND1 -0.103 0.237 -2.082E-17
89 0.00 DEAD1 -0.596 -0.237 -2.082E-17
89 3162.28 DEAD1 0.115 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
89 6324.56 DEAD1 0.827 0.237 -2.082E-17
90 0.00 WIND1 32.053 -0.237 -2.082E-17
90 3162.28 WIND1 32.764 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
90 6324.56 WIND1 33.476 0.237 -2.082E-17
90 0.00 DEAD1 0.038 -0.237 -2.082E-17
90 3162.28 DEAD1 0.749 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
90 6324.56 DEAD1 1.461 0.237 -2.082E-17
91 0.00 WIND1 -79.194 6.542 2.79891 3000.00 WIND1 -77.028 6.542 2.798
91 6000.00 WIND1 -74.862 6.542 2.798
91 0.00 DEAD1 -24.933 -0.055 -0.014
91 3000.00 DEAD1 -22.767 -0.055 -0.014
91 6000.00 DEAD1 -20.601 -0.055 -0.014
92 0.00 WIND1 -5.285 -0.237 -2.082E-17
92 3162.28 WIND1 -4.574 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
92 6324.56 WIND1 -3.863 0.237 -2.082E-17
92 0.00 DEAD1 -0.274 -0.237 -2.082E-17
92 3162.28 DEAD1 0.437 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
92 6324.56 DEAD1 1.149 0.237 -2.082E-17
93 0.00 WIND1 -20.738 -0.237 -2.082E-17
93 3162.28 WIND1 -20.027 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
93 6324.56 WIND1 -19.315 0.237 -2.082E-17
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
51
93 0.00 DEAD1 0.503 -0.237 -2.082E-17
93 3162.28 DEAD1 1.214 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
93 6324.56 DEAD1 1.926 0.237 -2.082E-17
94 0.00 WIND1 -27.927 1.798 0.679
94 3000.00 WIND1 -26.939 1.798 0.679
94 6000.00 WIND1 -25.951 1.798 0.679
94 0.00 DEAD1 -21.660 -0.020 -0.01994 3000.00 DEAD1 -20.673 -0.020 -0.019
94 6000.00 DEAD1 -19.685 -0.020 -0.019
95 0.00 WIND1 9.188 -0.237 -2.082E-17
95 3162.28 WIND1 9.900 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
95 6324.56 WIND1 10.611 0.237 -2.082E-17
95 0.00 DEAD1 -0.329 -0.237 -2.082E-17
95 3162.28 DEAD1 0.382 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
95 6324.56 DEAD1 1.094 0.237 -2.082E-17
96 0.00 WIND1 -32.590 -0.237 -2.082E-17
96 3162.28 WIND1 -31.878 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
96 6324.56 WIND1 -31.167 0.237 -2.082E-17
96 0.00 DEAD1 -2.899E-03 -0.237 -2.082E-17
96 3162.28 DEAD1 0.709 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
96 6324.56 DEAD1 1.420 0.237 -2.082E-17
97 0.00 WIND1 -22.069 1.732 0.728
97 3000.00 WIND1 -21.082 1.732 0.728
97 6000.00 WIND1 -20.094 1.732 0.728
97 0.00 DEAD1 -11.657 -9.052E-03 -2.059E-03
97 3000.00 DEAD1 -10.669 -9.052E-03 -2.059E-03
97 6000.00 DEAD1 -9.681 -9.052E-03 -2.059E-03
98 0.00 WIND1 0.936 -0.053 1.214E-17
98 3162.28 WIND1 1.094 -6.245E-17 1.214E-17
98 6324.56 WIND1 1.252 0.053 1.214E-17
98 0.00 DEAD1 -0.200 -0.053 1.214E-17
98 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.042 -6.245E-17 1.214E-17
98 6324.56 DEAD1 0.116 0.053 1.214E-17
99 0.00 WIND1 5.582 -0.137 6.592E-17
99 3162.28 WIND1 5.994 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
99 6324.56 WIND1 6.405 0.137 6.592E-17
99 0.00 DEAD1 -1.501 -0.137 6.592E-17
99 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.090 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
99 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.679 0.137 6.592E-17
100 0.00 WIND1 -9.121 1.838 0.752
100 3000.00 WIND1 -8.133 1.838 0.752
100 6000.00 WIND1 -7.146 1.838 0.752
100 0.00 DEAD1 -12.192 1.793E-03 -8.054E-03
100 3000.00 DEAD1 -11.204 1.793E-03 -8.054E-03
100 6000.00 DEAD1 -10.216 1.793E-03 -8.054E-03101 0.00 WIND1 2.136 -0.053 1.214E-17
101 3162.28 WIND1 2.294 -6.245E-17 1.214E-17
101 6324.56 WIND1 2.452 0.053 1.214E-17
101 0.00 DEAD1 -0.281 -0.053 1.214E-17
101 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.123 -6.245E-17 1.214E-17
101 6324.56 DEAD1 0.035 0.053 1.214E-17
102 0.00 WIND1 17.861 -0.137 6.592E-17
102 3162.28 WIND1 18.272 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
102 6324.56 WIND1 18.683 0.137 6.592E-17
102 0.00 DEAD1 -1.060 -0.137 6.592E-17
102 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.648 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
102 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.237 0.137 6.592E-17
103 0.00 WIND1 -5.047 1.967 0.821
103 3000.00 WIND1 -4.059 1.967 0.821
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
52
103 6000.00 WIND1 -3.071 1.967 0.821
103 0.00 DEAD1 -11.811 5.605E-03 0.011
103 3000.00 DEAD1 -10.823 5.605E-03 0.011
103 6000.00 DEAD1 -9.835 5.605E-03 0.011
104 0.00 WIND1 -4.360 -0.237 -2.082E-17
104 3162.28 WIND1 -3.648 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
104 6324.56 WIND1 -2.937 0.237 -2.082E-17104 0.00 DEAD1 -1.172 -0.237 -2.082E-17
104 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.460 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
104 6324.56 DEAD1 0.251 0.237 -2.082E-17
105 0.00 WIND1 -28.955 -0.237 -2.082E-17
105 3162.28 WIND1 -28.243 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
105 6324.56 WIND1 -27.532 0.237 -2.082E-17
105 0.00 DEAD1 -1.770 -0.237 -2.082E-17
105 3162.28 DEAD1 -1.059 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
105 6324.56 DEAD1 -0.347 0.237 -2.082E-17
106 0.00 WIND1 16.164 1.819 0.748
106 3000.00 WIND1 17.152 1.819 0.748
106 6000.00 WIND1 18.140 1.819 0.748
106 0.00 DEAD1 -11.804 8.540E-03 8.731E-03
106 3000.00 DEAD1 -10.816 8.540E-03 8.731E-03
106 6000.00 DEAD1 -9.828 8.540E-03 8.731E-03
107 0.00 WIND1 4.081 -0.237 -2.082E-17
107 3162.28 WIND1 4.792 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
107 6324.56 WIND1 5.503 0.237 -2.082E-17
107 0.00 DEAD1 -1.060 -0.237 -2.082E-17
107 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.349 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
107 6324.56 DEAD1 0.363 0.237 -2.082E-17
108 0.00 WIND1 -18.544 -0.237 -2.082E-17
108 3162.28 WIND1 -17.833 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
108 6324.56 WIND1 -17.122 0.237 -2.082E-17
108 0.00 DEAD1 -1.370 -0.237 -2.082E-17
108 3162.28 DEAD1 -0.658 8.327E-17 -2.082E-17
108 6324.56 DEAD1 0.053 0.237 -2.082E-17
109 0.00 WIND1 -33.208 6.600 2.475
109 3000.00 WIND1 -31.042 6.600 2.475
109 6000.00 WIND1 -28.876 6.600 2.475
109 0.00 DEAD1 -7.854 0.028 0.019
109 3000.00 DEAD1 -5.688 0.028 0.019
109 6000.00 DEAD1 -3.522 0.028 0.019
110 0.00 WIND1 -8.095 -0.092 2.255E-17
110 3162.28 WIND1 -7.818 -2.776E-17 2.255E-17
110 6324.56 WIND1 -7.541 0.092 2.255E-17
110 0.00 DEAD1 -0.222 -0.092 2.255E-17
110 3162.28 DEAD1 0.055 -2.776E-17 2.255E-17110 6324.56 DEAD1 0.333 0.092 2.255E-17
111 0.00 WIND1 -2.995 -0.116 -1.388E-17
111 3162.28 WIND1 -2.647 -1.388E-17 -1.388E-17
111 6324.56 WIND1 -2.300 0.116 -1.388E-17
111 0.00 DEAD1 0.595 -0.116 -1.388E-17
111 3162.28 DEAD1 0.942 -1.388E-17 -1.388E-17
111 6324.56 DEAD1 1.290 0.116 -1.388E-17
112 0.00 WIND1 -13.932 6.158 2.153
112 3000.00 WIND1 -11.766 6.158 2.153
112 6000.00 WIND1 -9.600 6.158 2.153
112 0.00 DEAD1 -7.610 0.039 -3.772E-03
112 3000.00 DEAD1 -5.444 0.039 -3.772E-03
112 6000.00 DEAD1 -3.278 0.039 -3.772E-03
113 0.00 WIND1 3.180 -0.053 1.214E-17
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
53
113 3162.28 WIND1 3.338 -6.245E-17 1.214E-17
113 6324.56 WIND1 3.496 0.053 1.214E-17
113 0.00 DEAD1 -0.103 -0.053 1.214E-17
113 3162.28 DEAD1 0.055 -6.245E-17 1.214E-17
113 6324.56 DEAD1 0.213 0.053 1.214E-17
114 0.00 WIND1 -11.736 -0.137 6.592E-17
114 3162.28 WIND1 -11.325 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17114 6324.56 WIND1 -10.914 0.137 6.592E-17
114 0.00 DEAD1 0.130 -0.137 6.592E-17
114 3162.28 DEAD1 0.542 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
114 6324.56 DEAD1 0.953 0.137 6.592E-17
115 0.00 WIND1 -4.008 5.920 1.904
115 3000.00 WIND1 -1.842 5.920 1.904
115 6000.00 WIND1 0.324 5.920 1.904
115 0.00 DEAD1 -8.197 -0.025 0.027
115 3000.00 DEAD1 -6.031 -0.025 0.027
115 6000.00 DEAD1 -3.865 -0.025 0.027
116 0.00 WIND1 -8.494 -0.092 2.255E-17
116 3162.28 WIND1 -8.217 -2.776E-17 2.255E-17
116 6324.56 WIND1 -7.940 0.092 2.255E-17
116 0.00 DEAD1 0.021 -0.092 2.255E-17
116 3162.28 DEAD1 0.299 -2.776E-17 2.255E-17
116 6324.56 DEAD1 0.576 0.092 2.255E-17
117 0.00 WIND1 21.592 -0.137 6.592E-17
117 3162.28 WIND1 22.003 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
117 6324.56 WIND1 22.414 0.137 6.592E-17
117 0.00 DEAD1 0.583 -0.137 6.592E-17
117 3162.28 DEAD1 0.994 -1.110E-16 6.592E-17
117 6324.56 DEAD1 1.405 0.137 6.592E-17
118 0.00 WIND1 16.517 6.059 1.987
118 3000.00 WIND1 18.683 6.059 1.987
118 6000.00 WIND1 20.849 6.059 1.987
118 0.00 DEAD1 -7.749 -7.058E-03 -7.424E-03
118 3000.00 DEAD1 -5.583 -7.058E-03 -7.424E-03
118 6000.00 DEAD1 -3.417 -7.058E-03 -7.424E-03
119 0.00 WIND1 7.361 -0.069 0.000
119 3162.28 WIND1 7.568 -6.939E-17 0.000
119 6324.56 WIND1 7.775 0.069 0.000
119 0.00 DEAD1 0.202 -0.069 0.000
119 3162.28 DEAD1 0.409 -6.939E-17 0.000
119 6324.56 DEAD1 0.616 0.069 0.000
120 0.00 WIND1 10.283 -0.116 -1.388E-17
120 3162.28 WIND1 10.630 -1.388E-17 -1.388E-17
120 6324.56 WIND1 10.978 0.116 -1.388E-17
120 0.00 DEAD1 0.252 -0.116 -1.388E-17120 3162.28 DEAD1 0.599 -1.388E-17 -1.388E-17
120 6324.56 DEAD1 0.947 0.116 -1.388E-17
121 0.00 WIND1 -14.534 -0.091 -1.970E-03
121 464.29 WIND1 -14.534 -0.066 -1.970E-03
121 928.57 WIND1 -14.534 -0.042 -1.970E-03
121 1392.86 WIND1 -14.534 -0.018 -1.970E-03
121 1857.14 WIND1 -14.534 6.874E-03 -1.970E-03
121 2321.43 WIND1 -14.534 0.031 -1.970E-03
121 2785.71 WIND1 -14.534 0.056 -1.970E-03
121 3250.00 WIND1 -14.534 0.080 -1.970E-03
121 3250.00 WIND1 14.024 -0.102 -0.011
121 3714.29 WIND1 14.024 -0.077 -0.011
121 4178.57 WIND1 14.024 -0.053 -0.011
121 4642.86 WIND1 14.024 -0.028 -0.011
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
54
121 5107.14 WIND1 14.024 -3.892E-03 -0.011
121 5571.43 WIND1 14.024 0.021 -0.011
121 6035.71 WIND1 14.024 0.045 -0.011
121 6500.00 WIND1 14.024 0.069 -0.011
121 0.00 DEAD1 -1.752 -0.082 1.204E-03
121 464.29 DEAD1 -1.752 -0.058 1.204E-03
121 928.57 DEAD1 -1.752 -0.033 1.204E-03121 1392.86 DEAD1 -1.752 -8.657E-03 1.204E-03
121 1857.14 DEAD1 -1.752 0.016 1.204E-03
121 2321.43 DEAD1 -1.752 0.040 1.204E-03
121 2785.71 DEAD1 -1.752 0.065 1.204E-03
121 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.752 0.089 1.204E-03
121 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.089 -1.253E-03
121 3714.29 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.065 -1.253E-03
121 4178.57 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.040 -1.253E-03
121 4642.86 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.016 -1.253E-03
121 5107.14 DEAD1 -1.827 8.609E-03 -1.253E-03
121 5571.43 DEAD1 -1.827 0.033 -1.253E-03
121 6035.71 DEAD1 -1.827 0.057 -1.253E-03
121 6500.00 DEAD1 -1.827 0.082 -1.253E-03
122 0.00 WIND1 -15.197 -0.094 -5.022E-03
122 464.29 WIND1 -15.197 -0.070 -5.022E-03
122 928.57 WIND1 -15.197 -0.045 -5.022E-03
122 1392.86 WIND1 -15.197 -0.021 -5.022E-03
122 1857.14 WIND1 -15.197 3.690E-03 -5.022E-03
122 2321.43 WIND1 -15.197 0.028 -5.022E-03
122 2785.71 WIND1 -15.197 0.053 -5.022E-03
122 3250.00 WIND1 -15.197 0.077 -5.022E-03
122 3250.00 WIND1 14.055 -0.098 -7.793E-03
122 3714.29 WIND1 14.055 -0.074 -7.793E-03
122 4178.57 WIND1 14.055 -0.049 -7.793E-03
122 4642.86 WIND1 14.055 -0.025 -7.793E-03
122 5107.14 WIND1 14.055 -5.327E-04 -7.793E-03
122 5571.43 WIND1 14.055 0.024 -7.793E-03
122 6035.71 WIND1 14.055 0.048 -7.793E-03
122 6500.00 WIND1 14.055 0.073 -7.793E-03
122 0.00 DEAD1 -1.753 -0.080 4.269E-03
122 464.29 DEAD1 -1.753 -0.056 4.269E-03
122 928.57 DEAD1 -1.753 -0.031 4.269E-03
122 1392.86 DEAD1 -1.753 -6.821E-03 4.269E-03
122 1857.14 DEAD1 -1.753 0.018 4.269E-03
122 2321.43 DEAD1 -1.753 0.042 4.269E-03
122 2785.71 DEAD1 -1.753 0.067 4.269E-03
122 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.753 0.091 4.269E-03
122 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.831 -0.091 -4.341E-03122 3714.29 DEAD1 -1.831 -0.067 -4.341E-03
122 4178.57 DEAD1 -1.831 -0.042 -4.341E-03
122 4642.86 DEAD1 -1.831 -0.018 -4.341E-03
122 5107.14 DEAD1 -1.831 6.736E-03 -4.341E-03
122 5571.43 DEAD1 -1.831 0.031 -4.341E-03
122 6035.71 DEAD1 -1.831 0.056 -4.341E-03
122 6500.00 DEAD1 -1.831 0.080 -4.341E-03
123 0.00 WIND1 -3.249 -0.097 -9.656E-03
123 464.29 WIND1 -3.249 -0.072 -9.656E-03
123 928.57 WIND1 -3.249 -0.048 -9.656E-03
123 1392.86 WIND1 -3.249 -0.023 -9.656E-03
123 1857.14 WIND1 -3.249 9.710E-04 -9.656E-03
123 2321.43 WIND1 -3.249 0.025 -9.656E-03
123 2785.71 WIND1 -3.249 0.050 -9.656E-03
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
55
123 3250.00 WIND1 -3.249 0.074 -9.656E-03
123 3250.00 WIND1 2.739 -0.071 0.012
123 3714.29 WIND1 2.739 -0.047 0.012
123 4178.57 WIND1 2.739 -0.022 0.012
123 4642.86 WIND1 2.739 2.073E-03 0.012
123 5107.14 WIND1 2.739 0.027 0.012
123 5571.43 WIND1 2.739 0.051 0.012123 6035.71 WIND1 2.739 0.075 0.012
123 6500.00 WIND1 2.739 0.100 0.012
123 0.00 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.082 3.793E-04
123 464.29 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.058 3.793E-04
123 928.57 DEAD1 -1.827 -0.033 3.793E-04
123 1392.86 DEAD1 -1.827 -8.745E-03 3.793E-04
123 1857.14 DEAD1 -1.827 0.016 3.793E-04
123 2321.43 DEAD1 -1.827 0.040 3.793E-04
123 2785.71 DEAD1 -1.827 0.065 3.793E-04
123 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.827 0.089 3.793E-04
123 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.765 -0.089 -3.459E-04
123 3714.29 DEAD1 -1.765 -0.065 -3.459E-04
123 4178.57 DEAD1 -1.765 -0.040 -3.459E-04
123 4642.86 DEAD1 -1.765 -0.016 -3.459E-04
123 5107.14 DEAD1 -1.765 8.808E-03 -3.459E-04
123 5571.43 DEAD1 -1.765 0.033 -3.459E-04
123 6035.71 DEAD1 -1.765 0.058 -3.459E-04
123 6500.00 DEAD1 -1.765 0.082 -3.459E-04
124 0.00 WIND1 -3.470 -0.073 3.693E-03
124 464.29 WIND1 -3.470 -0.049 3.693E-03
124 928.57 WIND1 -3.470 -0.024 3.693E-03
124 1392.86 WIND1 -3.470 4.261E-05 3.693E-03
124 1857.14 WIND1 -3.470 0.024 3.693E-03
124 2321.43 WIND1 -3.470 0.049 3.693E-03
124 2785.71 WIND1 -3.470 0.073 3.693E-03
124 3250.00 WIND1 -3.470 0.098 3.693E-03
124 3250.00 WIND1 2.308 -0.095 -1.776E-03
124 3714.29 WIND1 2.308 -0.070 -1.776E-03
124 4178.57 WIND1 2.308 -0.046 -1.776E-03
124 4642.86 WIND1 2.308 -0.022 -1.776E-03
124 5107.14 WIND1 2.308 2.883E-03 -1.776E-03
124 5571.43 WIND1 2.308 0.027 -1.776E-03
124 6035.71 WIND1 2.308 0.052 -1.776E-03
124 6500.00 WIND1 2.308 0.076 -1.776E-03
124 0.00 DEAD1 -1.862 -0.079 5.955E-03
124 464.29 DEAD1 -1.862 -0.054 5.955E-03
124 928.57 DEAD1 -1.862 -0.030 5.955E-03
124 1392.86 DEAD1 -1.862 -5.335E-03 5.955E-03124 1857.14 DEAD1 -1.862 0.019 5.955E-03
124 2321.43 DEAD1 -1.862 0.044 5.955E-03
124 2785.71 DEAD1 -1.862 0.068 5.955E-03
124 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.862 0.092 5.955E-03
124 3250.00 DEAD1 -1.730 -0.092 -5.947E-03
124 3714.29 DEAD1 -1.730 -0.068 -5.947E-03
124 4178.57 DEAD1 -1.730 -0.044 -5.947E-03
124 4642.86 DEAD1 -1.730 -0.019 -5.947E-03
124 5107.14 DEAD1 -1.730 5.359E-03 -5.947E-03
124 5571.43 DEAD1 -1.730 0.030 -5.947E-03
124 6035.71 DEAD1 -1.730 0.054 -5.947E-03
124 6500.00 DEAD1 -1.730 0.079 -5.947E-03
125 0.00 WIND1 -11.987 -0.100 -0.020
125 500.00 WIND1 -11.987 -0.074 -0.020
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
56
125 1000.00 WIND1 -11.987 -0.048 -0.020
125 1500.00 WIND1 -11.987 -0.021 -0.020
125 2000.00 WIND1 -11.987 4.992E-03 -0.020
125 2500.00 WIND1 -11.987 0.031 -0.020
125 2500.00 WIND1 0.138 -0.133 -0.054
125 3000.00 WIND1 0.138 -0.107 -0.054
125 3500.00 WIND1 0.138 -0.080 -0.054125 4000.00 WIND1 0.138 -0.054 -0.054
125 4500.00 WIND1 0.138 -0.028 -0.054
125 5000.00 WIND1 0.138 -1.202E-03 -0.054
125 0.00 DEAD1 -3.054 -0.055 8.078E-03
125 500.00 DEAD1 -3.054 -0.028 8.078E-03
125 1000.00 DEAD1 -3.054 -1.858E-03 8.078E-03
125 1500.00 DEAD1 -3.054 0.024 8.078E-03
125 2000.00 DEAD1 -3.054 0.051 8.078E-03
125 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.054 0.077 8.078E-03
125 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.328 -0.078 -8.516E-03
125 3000.00 DEAD1 -3.328 -0.051 -8.516E-03
125 3500.00 DEAD1 -3.328 -0.025 -8.516E-03
125 4000.00 DEAD1 -3.328 1.474E-03 -8.516E-03
125 4500.00 DEAD1 -3.328 0.028 -8.516E-03
125 5000.00 DEAD1 -3.328 0.054 -8.516E-03
126 0.00 WIND1 -4.133 -0.105 -0.021
126 500.00 WIND1 -4.133 -0.078 -0.021
126 1000.00 WIND1 -4.133 -0.052 -0.021
126 1500.00 WIND1 -4.133 -0.026 -0.021
126 2000.00 WIND1 -4.133 7.456E-04 -0.021
126 2500.00 WIND1 -4.133 0.027 -0.021
126 2500.00 WIND1 9.938 -0.104 -0.013
126 3000.00 WIND1 9.938 -0.078 -0.013
126 3500.00 WIND1 9.938 -0.051 -0.013
126 4000.00 WIND1 9.938 -0.025 -0.013
126 4500.00 WIND1 9.938 1.465E-03 -0.013
126 5000.00 WIND1 9.938 0.028 -0.013
126 0.00 DEAD1 -3.200 -0.057 4.027E-03
126 500.00 DEAD1 -3.200 -0.031 4.027E-03
126 1000.00 DEAD1 -3.200 -4.403E-03 4.027E-03
126 1500.00 DEAD1 -3.200 0.022 4.027E-03
126 2000.00 DEAD1 -3.200 0.048 4.027E-03
126 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.200 0.075 4.027E-03
126 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.125 -0.075 -4.375E-03
126 3000.00 DEAD1 -3.125 -0.049 -4.375E-03
126 3500.00 DEAD1 -3.125 -0.022 -4.375E-03
126 4000.00 DEAD1 -3.125 4.048E-03 -4.375E-03
126 4500.00 DEAD1 -3.125 0.030 -4.375E-03126 5000.00 DEAD1 -3.125 0.057 -4.375E-03
127 0.00 WIND1 10.158 -0.083 -0.010
127 500.00 WIND1 10.158 -0.057 -0.010
127 1000.00 WIND1 10.158 -0.030 -0.010
127 1500.00 WIND1 10.158 -4.040E-03 -0.010
127 2000.00 WIND1 10.158 0.022 -0.010
127 2500.00 WIND1 10.158 0.049 -0.010
127 2500.00 WIND1 17.707 -0.037 0.015
127 3000.00 WIND1 17.707 -0.011 0.015
127 3500.00 WIND1 17.707 0.016 0.015
127 4000.00 WIND1 17.707 0.042 0.015
127 4500.00 WIND1 17.707 0.068 0.015
127 5000.00 WIND1 17.707 0.095 0.015
127 0.00 DEAD1 -3.397 -0.057 4.391E-03
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
57
127 500.00 DEAD1 -3.397 -0.030 4.391E-03
127 1000.00 DEAD1 -3.397 -4.010E-03 4.391E-03
127 1500.00 DEAD1 -3.397 0.022 4.391E-03
127 2000.00 DEAD1 -3.397 0.049 4.391E-03
127 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.397 0.075 4.391E-03
127 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.442 -0.075 -4.040E-03
127 3000.00 DEAD1 -3.442 -0.048 -4.040E-03127 3500.00 DEAD1 -3.442 -0.022 -4.040E-03
127 4000.00 DEAD1 -3.442 4.380E-03 -4.040E-03
127 4500.00 DEAD1 -3.442 0.031 -4.040E-03
127 5000.00 DEAD1 -3.442 0.057 -4.040E-03
128 0.00 WIND1 -21.655 -0.030 0.018
128 500.00 WIND1 -21.655 -3.591E-03 0.018
128 1000.00 WIND1 -21.655 0.023 0.018
128 1500.00 WIND1 -21.655 0.049 0.018
128 2000.00 WIND1 -21.655 0.075 0.018
128 2500.00 WIND1 -21.655 0.102 0.018
128 2500.00 WIND1 -13.271 -0.083 -1.457E-03
128 3000.00 WIND1 -13.271 -0.057 -1.457E-03
128 3500.00 WIND1 -13.271 -0.030 -1.457E-03
128 4000.00 WIND1 -13.271 -3.885E-03 -1.457E-03
128 4500.00 WIND1 -13.271 0.022 -1.457E-03
128 5000.00 WIND1 -13.271 0.049 -1.457E-03
128 0.00 DEAD1 -3.654 -0.054 8.485E-03
128 500.00 DEAD1 -3.654 -0.028 8.485E-03
128 1000.00 DEAD1 -3.654 -1.471E-03 8.485E-03
128 1500.00 DEAD1 -3.654 0.025 8.485E-03
128 2000.00 DEAD1 -3.654 0.051 8.485E-03
128 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.654 0.078 8.485E-03
128 2500.00 DEAD1 -3.364 -0.077 -8.122E-03
128 3000.00 DEAD1 -3.364 -0.051 -8.122E-03
128 3500.00 DEAD1 -3.364 -0.025 -8.122E-03
128 4000.00 DEAD1 -3.364 1.822E-03 -8.122E-03
128 4500.00 DEAD1 -3.364 0.028 -8.122E-03
128 5000.00 DEAD1 -3.364 0.054 -8.122E-03
157 0.00 WIND1 -2.680 -5.079 -0.587
157 500.00 WIND1 -2.680 -4.961 -0.587
157 1000.00 WIND1 -2.680 -4.842 -0.587
157 1500.00 WIND1 -2.680 -4.724 -0.587
157 2000.00 WIND1 -2.680 -4.605 -0.587
157 0.00 DEAD1 -0.293 -0.223 5.094E-03
157 500.00 DEAD1 -0.293 -0.104 5.094E-03
157 1000.00 DEAD1 -0.293 0.014 5.094E-03
157 1500.00 DEAD1 -0.293 0.133 5.094E-03
157 2000.00 DEAD1 -0.293 0.251 5.094E-03158 0.00 WIND1 0.119 -4.956 -0.513
158 500.00 WIND1 0.119 -4.837 -0.513
158 1000.00 WIND1 0.119 -4.718 -0.513
158 1500.00 WIND1 0.119 -4.600 -0.513
158 2000.00 WIND1 0.119 -4.481 -0.513
158 0.00 DEAD1 -0.145 -0.267 -0.021
158 500.00 DEAD1 -0.145 -0.149 -0.021
158 1000.00 DEAD1 -0.145 -0.030 -0.021
158 1500.00 DEAD1 -0.145 0.089 -0.021
158 2000.00 DEAD1 -0.145 0.207 -0.021
159 0.00 WIND1 0.832 0.844 -0.178
159 500.00 WIND1 0.832 0.962 -0.178
159 1000.00 WIND1 0.832 1.081 -0.178
159 1500.00 WIND1 0.832 1.199 -0.178
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ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND ESTIMATION OF TRANSMISSION TOWERS
2013
58
159 2000.00 WIND1 0.832 1.318 -0.178
159 0.00 DEAD1 6.798E-03 -0.223 6.074E-03
159 500.00 DEAD1 6.798E-03 -0.105 6.074E-03
159 1000.00 DEAD1 6.798E-03 0.014 6.074E-03
159 1500.00 DEAD1 6.798E-03 0.133 6.074E-03
159 2000.00 DEAD1 6.798E-03 0.251 6.074E-03
160 0.00 WIND1 0.098 0.971 -0.097160 500.00 WIND1 0.098 1.090 -0.097
160 1000.00 WIND1 0.098 1.208 -0.097
160 1500.00 WIND1 0.098 1.327 -0.097
160 2000.00 WIND1 0.098 1.446 -0.097
160 0.00 DEAD1 -0.108 -0.267 -0.019
160 500.00 DEAD1 -0.108 -0.149 -0.019
160 1000.00 DEAD1 -0.108 -0.030 -0.019
160 1500.00 DEAD1 -0.108 0.088 -0.019
160 2000.00 DEAD1 -0.108 0.207 -0.019
161 0.00 WIND1 -0.201 -0.121 -3.816E-17
161 459.62 WIND1 -0.201 -0.097 -3.816E-17
161 919.24 WIND1 -0.201 -0.073 -3.816E-17
161 1378.86 WIND1 -0.201 -0.048 -3.816E-17
161 1838.48 WIND1 -0.201 -0.024 -3.816E-17
161 2298.10 WIND1 -0.201 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17
161 2757.72 WIND1 -0.201 0.024 -3.816E-17
161 3217.34 WIND1 -0.201 0.048 -3.816E-17
161 3676.96 WIND1 -0.201 0.073 -3.816E-17
161 4136.57 WIND1 -0.201 0.097 -3.816E-17
161 4596.19 WIND1 -0.201 0.121 -3.816E-17
161 0.00 DEAD1 -0.149 -0.121 -3.816E-17
161 459.62 DEAD1 -0.149 -0.097 -3.816E-17
161 919.24 DEAD1 -0.149 -0.073 -3.816E-17
161 1378.86 DEAD1 -0.149 -0.048 -3.816E-17
161 1838.48 DEAD1 -0.149 -0.024 -3.816E-17
161 2298.10 DEAD1 -0.149 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17
161 2757.72 DEAD1 -0.149 0.024 -3.816E-17
161 3217.34 DEAD1 -0.149 0.048 -3.816E-17
161 3676.96 DEAD1 -0.149 0.073 -3.816E-17
161 4136.57 DEAD1 -0.149 0.097 -3.816E-17
161 4596.19 DEAD1 -0.149 0.121 -3.816E-17
162 0.00 WIND1 -0.099 -0.121 -3.816E-17
162 459.62 WIND1 -0.099 -0.097 -3.816E-17
162 919.24 WIND1 -0.099 -0.073 -3.816E-17
162 1378.86 WIND1 -0.099 -0.048 -3.816E-17
162 1838.48 WIND1 -0.099 -0.024 -3.816E-17
162 2298.10 WIND1 -0.099 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17
162 2757.72 WIND1 -0.099 0.024 -3.816E-17162 3217.34 WIND1 -0.099 0.048 -3.816E-17
162 3676.96 WIND1 -0.099 0.073 -3.816E-17
162 4136.57 WIND1 -0.099 0.097 -3.816E-17
162 4596.19 WIND1 -0.099 0.121 -3.816E-17
162 0.00 DEAD1 -0.127 -0.121 -3.816E-17
162 459.62 DEAD1 -0.127 -0.097 -3.816E-17
162 919.24 DEAD1 -0.127 -0.073 -3.816E-17
162 1378.86 DEAD1 -0.127 -0.048 -3.816E-17
162 1838.48 DEAD1 -0.127 -0.024 -3.816E-17
162 2298.10 DEAD1 -0.127 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17
162 2757.72 DEAD1 -0.127 0.024 -3.816E-17
162 3217.34 DEAD1 -0.127 0.048 -3.816E-17
162 3676.96 DEAD1 -0.127 0.073 -3.816E-17
162 4136.57 DEAD1 -0.127 0.097 -3.816E-17
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162 4596.19 DEAD1 -0.127 0.121 -3.816E-17
163 0.00 WIND1 -0.102 -0.121 -3.816E-17
163 459.62 WIND1 -0.102 -0.097 -3.816E-17
163 919.24 WIND1 -0.102 -0.073 -3.816E-17
163 1378.86 WIND1 -0.102 -0.048 -3.816E-17
163 1838.48 WIND1 -0.102 -0.024 -3.816E-17
163 2298.10 WIND1 -0.102 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17163 2757.72 WIND1 -0.102 0.024 -3.816E-17
163 3217.34 WIND1 -0.102 0.048 -3.816E-17
163 3676.96 WIND1 -0.102 0.073 -3.816E-17
163 4136.57 WIND1 -0.102 0.097 -3.816E-17
163 4596.19 WIND1 -0.102 0.121 -3.816E-17
163 0.00 DEAD1 -0.144 -0.121 -3.816E-17
163 459.62 DEAD1 -0.144 -0.097 -3.816E-17
163 919.24 DEAD1 -0.144 -0.073 -3.816E-17
163 1378.86 DEAD1 -0.144 -0.048 -3.816E-17
163 1838.48 DEAD1 -0.144 -0.024 -3.816E-17
163 2298.10 DEAD1 -0.144 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17
163 2757.72 DEAD1 -0.144 0.024 -3.816E-17
163 3217.34 DEAD1 -0.144 0.048 -3.816E-17
163 3676.96 DEAD1 -0.144 0.073 -3.816E-17
163 4136.57 DEAD1 -0.144 0.097 -3.816E-17
163 4596.19 DEAD1 -0.144 0.121 -3.816E-17
164 0.00 WIND1 -0.186 -0.121 -3.816E-17
164 459.62 WIND1 -0.186 -0.097 -3.816E-17
164 919.24 WIND1 -0.186 -0.073 -3.816E-17
164 1378.86 WIND1 -0.186 -0.048 -3.816E-17
164 1838.48 WIND1 -0.186 -0.024 -3.816E-17
164 2298.10 WIND1 -0.186 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17
164 2757.72 WIND1 -0.186 0.024 -3.816E-17
164 3217.34 WIND1 -0.186 0.048 -3.816E-17
164 3676.96 WIND1 -0.186 0.073 -3.816E-17
164 4136.57 WIND1 -0.186 0.097 -3.816E-17
164 4596.19 WIND1 -0.186 0.121 -3.816E-17
164 0.00 DEAD1 -0.151 -0.121 -3.816E-17
164 459.62 DEAD1 -0.151 -0.097 -3.816E-17
164 919.24 DEAD1 -0.151 -0.073 -3.816E-17
164 1378.86 DEAD1 -0.151 -0.048 -3.816E-17
164 1838.48 DEAD1 -0.151 -0.024 -3.816E-17
164 2298.10 DEAD1 -0.151 1.041E-17 -3.816E-17
164 2757.72 DEAD1 -0.151 0.024 -3.816E-17
164 3217.34 DEAD1 -0.151 0.048 -3.816E-17
164 3676.96 DEAD1 -0.151 0.073 -3.816E-17
164 4136.57 DEAD1 -0.151 0.097 -3.816E-17
164 4596.19 DEAD1 -0.151 0.121 -3.816E-17165 0.00 WIND1 -0.526 -0.093 2.776E-17
165 441.94 WIND1 -0.526 -0.070 2.776E-17
165 883.88 WIND1 -0.526 -0.047 2.776E-17
165 1325.83 WIND1 -0.526 -0.023 2.776E-17
165 1767.77 WIND1 -0.526 7.633E-17 2.776E-17
165 2209.71 WIND1 -0.526 0.023 2.776E-17
165 2651.65 WIND1 -0.526 0.047 2.776E-17
165 3093.59 WIND1 -0.526 0.070 2.776E-17
165 3535.53 WIND1 -0.526 0.093 2.776E-17
165 0.00 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.093 2.776E-17
165 441.94 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.070 2.776E-17
165 883.88 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.047 2.776E-17
165 1325.83 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.023 2.776E-17
165 1767.77 DEAD1 -0.233 7.633E-17 2.776E-17
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165 2209.71 DEAD1 -0.233 0.023 2.776E-17
165 2651.65 DEAD1 -0.233 0.047 2.776E-17
165 3093.59 DEAD1 -0.233 0.070 2.776E-17
165 3535.53 DEAD1 -0.233 0.093 2.776E-17
166 0.00 WIND1 0.258 -0.093 2.776E-17
166 441.94 WIND1 0.258 -0.070 2.776E-17
166 883.88 WIND1 0.258 -0.047 2.776E-17166 1325.83 WIND1 0.258 -0.023 2.776E-17
166 1767.77 WIND1 0.258 7.633E-17 2.776E-17
166 2209.71 WIND1 0.258 0.023 2.776E-17
166 2651.65 WIND1 0.258 0.047 2.776E-17
166 3093.59 WIND1 0.258 0.070 2.776E-17
166 3535.53 WIND1 0.258 0.093 2.776E-17
166 0.00 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 -0.093 2.776E-17
166 441.94 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 -0.070 2.776E-17
166 883.88 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 -0.047 2.776E-17
166 1325.83 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 -0.023 2.776E-17
166 1767.77 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 7.633E-17 2.776E-17
166 2209.71 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 0.023 2.776E-17
166 2651.65 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 0.047 2.776E-17
166 3093.59 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 0.070 2.776E-17
166 3535.53 DEAD1 -9.493E-04 0.093 2.776E-17
167 0.00 WIND1 0.230 -0.093 2.776E-17
167 441.94 WIND1 0.230 -0.070 2.776E-17
167 883.88 WIND1 0.230 -0.047 2.776E-17
167 1325.83 WIND1 0.230 -0.023 2.776E-17
167 1767.77 WIND1 0.230 7.633E-17 2.776E-17
167 2209.71 WIND1 0.230 0.023 2.776E-17
167 2651.65 WIND1 0.230 0.047 2.776E-17
167 3093.59 WIND1 0.230 0.070 2.776E-17
167 3535.53 WIND1 0.230 0.093 2.776E-17
167 0.00 DEAD1 -0.037 -0.093 2.776E-17
167 441.94 DEAD1 -0.037 -0.070 2.776E-17
167 883.88 DEAD1 -0.037 -0.047 2.776E-17
167 1325.83 DEAD1 -0.037 -0.023 2.776E-17
167 1767.77 DEAD1 -0.037 7.633E-17 2.776E-17
167 2209.71 DEAD1 -0.037 0.023 2.776E-17
167 2651.65 DEAD1 -0.037 0.047 2.776E-17
167 3093.59 DEAD1 -0.037 0.070 2.776E-17
167 3535.53 DEAD1 -0.037 0.093 2.776E-17
168 0.00 WIND1 -0.511 -0.093 2.776E-17
168 441.94 WIND1 -0.511 -0.070 2.776E-17
168 883.88 WIND1 -0.511 -0.047 2.776E-17
168 1325.83 WIND1 -0.511 -0.023 2.776E-17
168 1767.77 WIND1 -0.511 7.633E-17 2.776E-17168 2209.71 WIND1 -0.511 0.023 2.776E-17
168 2651.65 WIND1 -0.511 0.047 2.776E-17
168 3093.59 WIND1 -0.511 0.070 2.776E-17
168 3535.53 WIND1 -0.511 0.093 2.776E-17
168 0.00 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.093 2.776E-17
168 441.94 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.070 2.776E-17
168 883.88 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.047 2.776E-17
168 1325.83 DEAD1 -0.233 -0.023 2.776E-17
168 1767.77 DEAD1 -0.233 7.633E-17 2.776E-17
168 2209.71 DEAD1 -0.233 0.023 2.776E-17
168 2651.65 DEAD1 -0.233 0.047 2.776E-17
168 3093.59 DEAD1 -0.233 0.070 2.776E-17
168 3535.53 DEAD1 -0.233 0.093 2.776E-17
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10. Material take-off
This section provides a material take-off.
Table 18: Material List - By Section PropertySection Object
Type
Num of
Pieces
Total
Length
Total
Weight
mm KN
ISA60X60X6 Frame 19 97500.58 5.133
ISA60X60X8 Frame 1 6324.56 0.436
ISA65X65X10 Frame 2 12649.11 1.168
ISA80X80X10 Frame 2 12649.11 1.465
ISA80X80X12 Frame 29 181632.98 24.900
ISA90X90X12 Frame 3 19218.35 2.987
ISA110X110X15 Frame 33 190257.08 45.120
ISA150X150X15 Frame 14 85441.42 28.135
ISA150X150X18 Frame 1 6000.00 2.346
ISA200X200X25 Frame 36 202753.86 146.389
TABLE 13: Steel Design - Beam Shear Forces - Indian IS 800:2007
Frame Design Sect Combo
Left
V Major
Left
Combo
Right
V Major
Right
Text Text Text KN Text KN
121 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.259 DSTL6 0.227
122 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.261 DSTL6 0.229
123 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.268 DSTL6 0.273
124 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.228 DSTL6 0.232
125 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.232 DSTL7 0.083
126 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.242 DSTL6 0.127
127 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.21 DSTL6 0.227
128 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.126 DSTL6 0.155
157 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 7.954 DSTL7 7.284
158 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 7.834 DSTL7 7.033
159 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 1.6 DSTL6 2.354
160 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 1.858 DSTL6 2.479
161 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.363 DSTL6 0.363
162 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.363 DSTL6 0.363
163 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.363 DSTL6 0.363
164 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.363 DSTL6 0.363
165 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.279 DSTL6 0.279
166 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.279 DSTL6 0.279
167 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.279 DSTL6 0.279
168 ISA60X60X6 DSTL6 0.279 DSTL6 0.279
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TABLE 14: Steel Design - Brace Max Axial Load - Indian IS 800:2007
Frame Design Sect Combo
Comp
P Max
Comp
Combo
Tens
P Max
Tens
Text Text Text KN Text KN1 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -491.455 DSTL7 -491.455
2 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -7.264 DSTL7 -7.264
3 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -34.689 DSTL7 -34.689
4 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -552.095 DSTL7 -552.095
5 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -10.937 DSTL6 -8.88
6 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -35.408 DSTL7 -35.408
7 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -744.451 DSTL6 -733.621
8 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -6.75 DSTL7 -6.75
9 ISA90X90X12 DSTL6 -38.324 DSTL6 -35.993
10 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -682.361 DSTL6 -671.53111 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -10.637 DSTL6 -8.581
12 ISA90X90X12 DSTL6 -38.973 DSTL6 -36.642
13 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -452.58 DSTL7 -452.58
14 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -11.132 DSTL7 -11.132
15 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -17.74 DSTL7 -17.74
16 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -531.204 DSTL7 -531.204
17 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -14.467 DSTL6 -12.411
18 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -18.902 DSTL7 -18.902
19 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -706.974 DSTL6 -696.144
20 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -10.664 DSTL7 -10.66421 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -20.508 DSTL6 -18.452
22 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -624.814 DSTL6 -613.984
23 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -14.265 DSTL6 -12.209
24 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -21.741 DSTL6 -19.685
25 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -469.397 DSTL7 -469.397
26 ISA150X150X15 DSTL7 39.721 DSTL7 39.721
27 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 8.801 DSTL6 12.358
28 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -584.829 DSTL7 -584.829
29 ISA150X150X15 DSTL7 58.698 DSTL7 58.698
30 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 24.371 DSTL7 24.37131 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -755.79 DSTL6 -744.96
32 ISA150X150X15 DSTL6 63.831 DSTL6 68.77
33 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 31.064 DSTL6 34.621
34 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -629.499 DSTL6 -618.669
35 ISA150X150X15 DSTL6 42.378 DSTL6 47.318
36 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 9.483 DSTL7 9.483
37 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -368.881 DSTL7 -368.881
38 ISA150X150X15 DSTL7 -149.818 DSTL7 -149.818
39 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -122.929 DSTL6 -119.372
40 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -460.105 DSTL7 -460.10541 ISA150X150X15 DSTL7 -94.843 DSTL7 -94.843
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42 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -50.95 DSTL6 -47.393
43 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -570.582 DSTL6 -559.752
44 ISA150X150X15 DSTL6 -118.915 DSTL6 -113.975
45 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -32.202 DSTL7 -32.202
46 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -443.986 DSTL6 -433.156
47 ISA150X150X15 DSTL6 -182.68 DSTL6 -177.741
48 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -92.162 DSTL7 -92.162
50 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -13.346 DSTL7 -13.346
51 ISA200X200X25 DSTL7 -114.147 DSTL7 -114.147
53 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -28.278 DSTL7 -28.278
54 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -103.126 DSTL7 -103.126
56 ISA90X90X12 DSTL6 -42.938 DSTL6 -40.141
57 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -123.476 DSTL6 -110.48
59 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -15.899 DSTL6 -13.431
60 ISA200X200X25 DSTL6 -131.878 DSTL6 -118.882
62 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 22.711 DSTL7 22.711
63 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 74.537 DSTL6 78.806
65 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 2.538 DSTL6 5.005
66 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 83.104 DSTL6 87.373
68 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 2.593 DSTL6 5.061
69 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 77.947 DSTL7 77.947
71 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 28.062 DSTL6 30.53
72 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 72.26 DSTL7 72.26
74 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -6.488 DSTL7 4.897
75 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -51.178 DSTL7 -51.178
77 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -16.463 DSTL7 -16.463
78 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -48.157 DSTL7 -48.157
80 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 -27.821 DSTL6 -25.354
81 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -48.004 DSTL6 -43.735
83 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -6.9 DSTL7 -6.9
84 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -54.405 DSTL6 -50.136
86 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -6.991 DSTL7 5.098
87 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 42.7 DSTL6 46.969
89 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -3.183 DSTL7 1.394
90 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 48.136 DSTL6 52.405
92 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -8.34 DSTL7 7.517
93 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 31.862 DSTL7 31.862
95 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -14.276 DSTL6 17.557
96 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -48.889 DSTL7 48.88
98 ISA60X60X6 DSTL7 -1.704 DSTL6 2.052
99 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -10.626 DSTL7 -10.626
101 ISA60X60X6 DSTL7 -3.625 DSTL6 3.731
102 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 -28.381 DSTL7 -28.381
104 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -8.297 DSTL7 4.782
105 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -46.087 DSTL6 -41.819
107 ISA110X110X15 DSTL7 -7.711 DSTL6 8.799
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108 ISA110X110X15 DSTL6 -29.871 DSTL7 25.762
110 ISA65X65X10 DSTL6 -12.475 DSTL7 11.81
111 ISA80X80X10 DSTL7 5.384 DSTL7 5.384
113 ISA60X60X6 DSTL7 -4.924 DSTL6 5.564
114 ISA80X80X12 DSTL7 17.8 DSTL7 17.8
116 ISA65X65X10 DSTL7 12.773 DSTL7 12.773
117 ISA80X80X12 DSTL6 33.261 DSTL6 35.729
119 ISA60X60X8 DSTL6 11.345 DSTL6 12.586
120 ISA80X80X10 DSTL6 15.802 DSTL6 17.887
TABLE 15: Groups 3 - Masses and Weights
Group Name Self
Mass
Self
Weight
Total
Mass X
Total
Mass Y
Total
Mass ZText KN-
s2/mm
KN KN-
s2/mm
KN-
s2/mm
KN-
s2/mm
ALL 0.026317 258.08 0.026317 0.026317 0.026317
LEGS 0.014979 146.89 0.014979 0.014979 0.014979
HORIZONTAL 0.000615 6.032 0.000615 0.000615 0.000615
BRACES 0.010723 105.158 0.010723 0.010723 0.010723
Fig 9.10: Welded Connections
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10. COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR TOWER
DESIGN
The method of computing is as follows:
a) Wind and member loads on joints
b) Equilibrium of forces and member force evaluation in one panel
c) Design of members in one panel
In general, most towers could be idealised as statically determinate and analyzed for forces.
However, the computations are very lengthy and there are many chances of making errors in
such cases. Further if a member is to be redesigned then the entire wind load calculations
have to be repeated. The computational problem in towers is more acute and tedious as loads
depend on member sizes. A rational and optimum design can be made with the help of a
computer. This section presents an introduction to computer program and results of design ofcouple of towers.
Computer Program
The computer program of analysis of trusses or frames can be used to analyse the tower and
there are any number of such programs exists. The speciality of the program is:
a) Generation of data
b) Generation of loads
c)
Design of truss members
Normal input data for analysis consists of:
Number of: panels, joints, members, material of member and types of members.
Coordinates of joints.
Member joints(two joints for each member)
Member properties:
All members are classified into a number of types and the members are assigned type
numbers. The properties of the members are taken from the member type.
Joint panels: numbers of the panels in which the joints lie are listed and used in print
out for easy identification.
Member panels: the location of the member is identified by panel in which it is
located. It is used in print out for easy reference.
Sectional properties: of all available sections for the project are listed in a separate
file.
a) Area of cross section
b) Radius of gyration in a planec) Minimum radius of gyration
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d) Leg or projection size for wind load calculation
e) Thickness of the member
f) Number of elements (either one angle or two angles)
g) Double angle orientation (either back to back or star connection).
Member segments: the effective lengths of the main members are reduced by
providing secondary bracings. The segment lengths for the purpose of effective length
are to be given for each member.
Load factors: wind loads and dead load combination are considered.
Material properties yield stress, density, Youngs modulus etc is to be read in.
Member materials: in most cases all the members are made up of same type of
materials. In case there are more than one type of materials, then each is given a type
number and the members are identified by the type number.
The program analyses the tower for each basic load combinations and computes the memberforces for a given set of load combination. The output mainly consists of:
a) Some data of the tower
b) Joint coordinates, loads and displacements
c) Member forces and properties
d) Segment lengths slenderness ratio, allowable stress
e) Equilibrium check. Total equilibrium of each joint is verified by backward
substitution,
f) Support reaction
The design module checks the ratio of the actual stress to the allowable stress and if it is more
than one, then the member size is increased to higher and the reanalysis and design is carried
out. The design is by iteration and updating is only upwards.
Therefore, the designer has to select suitable initial member sizes.
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11. DESIGN OF MEMBERS OF
TRANSMISSION TOWER
1. Columns
Data:
Factored Force, Pu = 634.54 KN
Length, l=5.056 m
Calculations:
Assume f cd=70 N/mm2
Area required = Force/f cd
= (634.54x1000)/70
=9064.857 mm2
From Steel Tables, let us choose an angle ISA 200x200x25
Area = 9380 mm2
r min= 39 mm
Slenderness ratio, Λ= Leff /r min
=(0 .87x5056)/39
=112.788
From table 9© of IS 800:2007
Value of Design Compressive Stress, f cd —
f cd = 99.692 N/mm2
Design strength = Area x f cd=Pd
Pd= 9380x99.692
= 935.11 KN >634.54 KN
Hence design is Safe.
Connections:
Strength of Weld = (t)x(l){f u/(√3x¥mw)}
But t=Throat Thickness= 0.7s; ‗s‘ is the Size of Weld
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f u=450 N/mm2
From Table (5) of IS 800:2007
Partial Safety Factor, ¥mw=1.25 for Shop Fabrications
From Steel Tables, for ISA 200x200x25,
exx=141.2 mm, cxx= 58.8 mm
Let the section be welded in 2 sides with a Total Length ‗L‘
Size of Weld, s= (3/4) x Angle Thickness
= (3/4) x 25
=18.75 mm
(a) Force=Strength of Weld
634.54x103= (0.7x18.75)(L)(450/√3x1.25)
Thus, Total Length, L=232.604=l1 + l2
(b) Taking Moment about axis (1)-(1),
(634.54x103)x141.2=[(o.7x18.75)(l2){450/(√3x1.25)}]200
l2=164.219 mm
Thus, l1=L-l
2=232.604-164.219
=68.385 mm
Hence, Provide Weld of Size 18.75 mm for l1=63.85 mm and l2=164.219 mm
2. Bracings
Data:
Factored Force, Pu = 696.144 KN
Length, l=5.963 m
Calculations:
Assume f cd =80 N/mm2
Area required = Force/ f cd
= (696.144x1000)/80
= 8701.8 mm2
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From Steel Tables, let us choose an angle ISA 200x200x25
Area = 9381 mm2
r min= 39 mm
Slenderness ratio, Λ= Leff / r min
= (0 .87x5963)/39
= 133.021 mm
From table 9© of IS 800:2007
Value of Design Compressive Stress, f cd —
f cd = 76.613 N/mm2
Design Strength = Area x f cd =Pd
Pd= 9381x76.613
= 718.706 KN>696.144 KN
Hence design is Safe.
Connections:
Strength of Weld = (t)x(l){f u/(√3x¥mw)}
But t=Throat Thickness= 0.7s; ‗s‘ is the Size of Weld
f u=450 N/mm2
From Table (5) of IS 800:2007
Partial Safety Factor, ¥mw=1.25 for Shop Fabrications
From Steel Tables, for ISA 200x200x25,
exx=141.2 mm, cxx= 58.8 mm
Size of Weld, s= (3/4) x Angle Thickness
= (3/4) x 25
=18.75 mm
Let the section be welded in 2 sides with a Total Length ‗L‘
(a) Force=Strength of Weld
696.144x103= (
0.7x18.75)(L)(450/√3x1.25)
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Thus, Total Length, L=255.187=l1 + l2
(b) Taking Moment about axis (1)-(1),
(696.144x103)x141.2=[(o.7x18.75)(l2){450/(√3x1.25)}]200
l2=180.162 mm
Thus, l1=L-l2
=255.187-180.162
=75.025 mm
Hence, Provide Weld of Size 18.75 mm for l1=75.025 mm and l2=180.162 mm
3. Beams
Data:
Factored Force, Pu = 37.963 KN
Length, l=2 m
Calculations:
Assume f cd =60 N/mm2
Area required = Force/f cd
= (37.963x1000)/60
=632.72 mm2
From Steel Tables, let us choose an angle ISA 60x60x6
Area = 684 mm2
r min= 11.5 mm
Slenderness Ratio, Λ= Leff /r min
= (0 .87x2000)/11.5
=151.304
From table 9© of IS 800:2007,
Value of Design Compressive Stress, f cd —
f cd = 61.561 N/mm2
Design strength = Area x f cd =Pd
Pd= 684x66.561 KN
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= 45.527 KN >37.963 KN
Hence design is Safe.
Connections:
Strength of Weld = (t)x(l){f u/(√3x¥mw)}
But t=Throat Thickness= 0.7s; ‗s‘ is the Size of Weld
f u=450 N/mm2
From Table (5) of IS 800:2007,
Partial Safety Factor, ¥mw=1.25 for Shop Fabrications
From Steel Tables, for ISA 200x200x25,
exx=43.1 mm, cxx= 16.9 mm
Size of Weld, s= (3/4) x Angle Thickness
= (3/4) x 6
= 4.5 mm
Let the section be welded in 2 sides with a Total Length ‗L‘
(a) Force=Strength of Weld37.963x103= (0.7x4.5)(L)(450/√3x1.25)
Thus, Total Length, L=57.984=l1 + l2
(b) Taking Moment about axis (1)-(1),
(37.963x103)x43.1=[(o.7x4.5)(l2){450/(√3x1.25)}]60
l2=41.652 mm
Thus, l1=L-l2
=57.984-41.652
=16.332 mm
Hence, Provide Weld of Size 18.75 mm for l1=16.332 mm and l2=57.984 mm
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12. ESTIMATION
ESTIMATE
Section Object Type Number
of Pieces
Total
Length
Total
Weight
Rate Total Amount
Text Text Unitless m Tonnes Rs/tonne Rs
ISA60X60X6 Frame 19 97.5 0.523 ₹ 48,000.00 ₹ 25,104.00
ISA60X60X8 Frame 1 6.324 0.044 ₹ 48,000.00 ₹ 2,112.00
ISA65X65X10 Frame 2 12.649 0.119 ₹ 48,000.00 ₹ 5,712.00
ISA80X80X10 Frame 2 12.649 0.149 ₹ 48,000.00 ₹ 7,152.00
ISA80X80X12 Frame 29 181.632 2.538 ₹ 48,000.00 ₹ 1,21,824.00
ISA90X90X12 Frame 3 19.218 0.304 ₹ 48,000.00 ₹ 14,592.00
ISA110X110X15 Frame 33 190.257 4.599 ₹ 48,000.00 ₹ 2,20,752.00
ISA150X150X15 Frame 14 85.441 2.868 ₹ 48,000.00 ₹ 1,37,664.00
ISA150X150X18 Frame 1 6 0.239 ₹ 48,000.00 ₹ 11,472.00
ISA200X200X25 Frame 36 202.753 14.922 ₹ 48,000.00 ₹ 7,16,256.00
Total 140 814.423 26.305 ₹ 12,62,640.00
Tools and Planks Extra 1.5% ₹ 18,970.56
Contractor's Profit and Overhead Charges 15% ₹ 1,89,705.60
Overall Estimated Cost ₹ 14,71,316.16
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13. SITE VISIT
OUR SITE VISIT TO KPTCL, BANGALORE MAJOR WORKS DIVISION
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14. CONCLUSION
Several tower failures occurred in past due to improper practice prevailing in both
telecommunication sector and power transmission sector. Almost all telecommunication
companies used to remove all debris immediately after a tower failure and produce a report
that does not include detailed analysis of the failure, just to claim insurance. So up to now
these failures were not deeply looked at and remaining a drawback in tower designing. Proper
analysis of failures may lead to improvements in designing practices and reduce future tower
failures. Mostly given reason for tower failures is tornados. If tornados are frequent then
amendments must be done to standard design wind speed being used for steel tower design.
Nowadays most of the firms are overloading the towers with more antennas without getting
approval from tower designer/consultant. This type of blind actions may lead to huge
financial and resource loss due to resulting tower failures. So to find out the exact reason forthe failure a complete technical analysis of towers failed is necessary.
In power transmission sector, towers are designed for transmission lines and a full scale test
is carried out for the most critical tower arrangement of transmission line. This practice is
there because of the complicated nature of steel towers. But several tower tests resulted in
failure of main members which could have been avoided with a preliminary structural
analysis checks. These checks can save much time, consultation cost and other resources.
Thus more improvements can be made in tower designing industry by considering
preliminary analysis methods. By making use of available structural analysis facilities
(specialised programs/common programs) an effective design and efficient design process
can be developed.
Optimum design of transmission towers has been discussed in this paper. The efficiency of
the optimization scheme is due to the choice of a few key parameters that influence the tower
geometry and thus indirectly the weight, as design control variables. A dedicated program has
been used effectively for developing the optimum design from the initial stage of tower
configuration generation to that of analysis, design and optimization. The results are
substantially presented for a typical telecommunication transmission tower.
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