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Report on the Consultation Process

BR-208October 2003

Prepared by the EC/ESA Joint Task Force Secretariat

ContentsForeword 4

Introduction 5

The Consultation Process 7

Inaugural Conference 9

The Industrial View 10

The View of the Scientific Community 11

The Institutional View 12

The View of the Operators and Service Providers 13

The International Context 15

Closing Conference 16

Post Workshop Activities 19

Contributors to the Consultation Process 21

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Foreword

Dear Reader,

The consultation on the development of the future European Space Policy last spring was a unique opportunity for anyoneinterested in space to make a contribution. The number of those who did and the quality of their replies were mostencouraging. In total, over a thousand representatives of governments, international organisations, companies, Europeaninstitutions and universities – and individual citizens – have actively taken part in shaping Europe’s future in space.

The Green Paper on European Space Policy was drawn up by the European Commission in cooperation with the EuropeanSpace Agency. By raising a number of key questions, it aimed to launch a Europe-wide debate on questions of space policy.

The consultation process was initiated and managed by the European Commission/ESA Joint Task Force. The series oftargeted workshops organised across Europe, the discussion forum set up for European citizens on the internet andextensive written input have contributed directly to an interesting evaluation of European expectations in the space sector.

This report on the main outcomes from the consultation and the reports by the individual rapporteurs on the consultationworkshops together make up a useful database for the future; it will remain a reference not only for the formulation of anaction plan for the enlarged European Space Policy, but also for the planning of the space programmes to be carried outunder that Policy.

We hope and firmly believe that the White Paper on the European Space Policy will mark an even greater step forward forEurope in space.

On behalf of the European Commission/European Space Agency Joint Task Force,

Karl-Heinz Kreuzberg Luc Tytgat

European Space Agency European Commission

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IntroductionIn its Resolution titled ‘Europe and Space’ of 17 January 2002, the European Parliament requestedthe European Commission to produce a White Paperon space ‘….setting out the main objectives of thepolicy to be implemented in the medium and longterm’.1 In consequence, and as a step towards theWhite Paper, the European Commission, incooperation with ESA, elaborated a Green Paper onSpace Policy2, which was adopted by the Commissionon 21 January 2003. The objective of this documentwas to stimulate a European-wide debate on the

issue, and launch a process meant to gather inputsfrom all relevant players in Europe.

The consultation process that has followed thepublication of the Green Paper has been organised bythe EC/ESA Joint Task Force. The present documentis therefore a joint EC/ESA report on theconsultations, presented to the Joint Task Force. Thisreport will pave the way for the White Paper (includingan action plan), to be elaborated by the EuropeanCommission in cooperation with ESA. Encouragementfor this was provided by the EU Council on 13 Mayand the ESA Ministerial Council on 27 May 2003.

* Events organised by the EC/ESA Joint Task Force** Event organised by the Greek Presidency of the EU

E v e n t s

The purpose of the present document is to provide asummary report on the Green Paper consultationprocess, focusing on the carefully targeted Workshopsthat have taken place from March through June 2003.

1 P5_TA(2002)0015.

2 COM(2003)17 final, http://europa.eu.int/comm/space/doc_pdf/space-green-paper_en.pdf.

Location Description Date Attendance

Brussels* Inaugural Conference 6 March 2003 194 persons

Madrid* The Industrial View 25 March 2003 127 persons

Berlin* The View of the Scientific Community 8 April 2003 127 persons

Rome* The Institutional View 28 April 2003 144 persons

Athens** Security and Defence Aspects 8-9 May 2003 113 persons

London* The View of the Operators and Service Providers 20 May 2003 211 persons

Prague* The International Context 2-3 June 2003 90 persons

Paris* Closing Conference 23-24 June 2003 420 persons

Total 1426 persons

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Attendance by country

Attendance by type of organisation

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TheConsultationProcessThree methods have been used to gather inputsduring the consultation process: an open web-consultation of European citizens, the targetedworkshop consultation, and the receipt of writteninputs from various players in the space domain.

The open web-consultation resulted in some 200contributions and provided an excellent opportunity for a lively debate.

The Inaugural Conference held in Brussels on 6 March 2003 was followed by a series of five

consultation Workshops, taking the debate to severalMember State capitals (Madrid, Berlin, Rome, Londonand Prague). The Greek Presidency of the EuropeanUnion also convened a special Workshop in Athens on8-9 May, which concentrated on a discussion ofsecurity and defence matters.

In addition, Austria, Italy and Portugal each heldnational meetings, supported by the EC and ESA, to discuss the Green Paper and review the nationalimplications. The United Kingdom Industrial SpaceCommittee made a presentation of its views on theGreen Paper to the Commission, while the Belgianauthorities both organised a national review of space-based defence systems, and passed a Resolution onthe Green Paper following its discussion in the Senate.

Participation by subject

O n - L i n e F o r u m c o n t r i b u t i o n s

214 contributions were registered in the various openforums/debates

The targeted consultation process finished with aClosing Conference in Paris on 23-24 June, at whichreports from all of the Workshops in the series werepresented and discussed.

Other European institutions, namely the EuropeanEconomic and Social Committee and the EuropeanParliament, have also been involved during the GreenPaper consultation process, and their positions havebeen presented to the Commission services.

More than 70 written contributions have beenreceived, including many from industry, ESA and EUMember States, various associations and individuals.

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Participation by country

Contributions by type of organisation

Contributions by country

W r i t t e n c o n t r i b u t i o n s

More than 70 written contributions were submitted to the EC/ESA Joint Task Force

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InauguralConferenceBrussels, 6 March 2003

The Brussels Conference served as the ‘kick-off’meeting to initiate the consultation process andpermitted a first exchange of views, which underlinedthe will for a stronger political vision for an increasinglyambitious space policy in Europe.

The main highlights of these discussions were:

– For the institutional framework in which space activities could be placed, Vice-president Dehaene of the Presidium of the European Convention presented the possibility of space being a competence in the future Treaty for the European Union.

– Notwithstanding the interest in satellite applications programmes, the basic role of space science was strongly underlined, as a driver for technological innovation and the initiation of new applications.Specific guidelines are needed for co-operation, for co-ordination of and within national programmes, and for strengthening the scientific community.

– The concept of a ‘flagship’ programme to stimulate interest in space technology was discussed, as a possibility both for generating public interest and for stimulating the interest of younger generations.

– Discussions of applications and technology programmes gave rise to a broad exchange of viewson the concept of ‘multiple-use’ technologies. This concept deserves in-depth discussion, particularly inexamining the use of satellite systems to increase the overall security of Europe and its citizens.

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two Workshops was the major role to be played by the EC in ensuring harmonised and well-founded regulations across Europe.

– Regarding multiple-use systems, the need for greater recognition of space tools in the framework of an EU security and defence policy was underlined. This was accompanied by support for the introduction of ‘space’ into the present draft Treaty being discussed by the European Convention.

– Finally, at a time when part of European space industry is looking to restructure, Workshop participants stressed that without a sufficiently ambitious political and financial commitment, this restructuring will not lead to a stronger industrial base. New vocations and competences cannot be expected without the underpinning of a long-term programme supported by a solid political and financial commitment.

* The high level of public interest in the press and television coverage of thelaunch of ESA’s Mars Express satellite and its Beagle 2 lander in early Juneshowed the continuing stimulus of space activities when associated withtangible goals such as the exploration of Mars.

TheIndustrialViewMadrid Workshop, 25 March 2003

The Madrid Workshop provided the opportunity for anextended discussion about the current situation ofEuropean space industry, involving not only thesatellite and launcher sectors, but also systemoperators, ground-segment interests andrepresentatives of the insurance market.

Items highlighted during the discussions included thefollowing:

– While the current arrangements for ESA and the useof existing structures received praise from industry, the Workshop participants also welcome and called for greater involvement of the European Union in space activities, notably as a provider of regulatory frameworks and additional funding.

– There is a need for a substantially widened institutional market, which fully recognises the potential of space systems for addressing policy objectives (monitoring of climate change, environmental damage, monitoring for treaty implementation, crisis monitoring, security, navigation, science). Should European and national

institutions become convinced that space systems help in addressing policy objectives and could help harmonise their programmes and requirements, the market potential would be substantially increased.

– ESA should continue to be the focus for funding the key activities of a space policy. The current ESA financial scheme (variable geometry, geographical return), with additional resources from the EU to serve European policies, seems to be adequate.

– A key element for Europe is to have available reliable and affordable access to space; independentaccess is seen as mandatory. (Strong support in thisdirection has since been given by the ESA Council at Ministerial Level in May 2003.)

– The Workshop noted that international co-operation remains attractive in many areas and is not, per se, incompatible with the objective of European autonomy. A particular example of such co-operation, the International Space Station (ISS), was underlined as being first and foremost a politicalproject, from which Europe cannot be absent, whichconstitutes a long-term investment for the benefit of future generations.

– A similar emphasis to that during the Brussels Conference was put on the interest to the public – and by extension to young engineers – of ambitious new European programmes (cf. ‘flagship programmes’)*. A further common theme of the

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– A problem common to scientific and applications programmes surfaced at this Workshop, namely the exploitation of data. The need for a data policy harmonised at European level was underlined, with a role identified for the European Commission in supporting a powerful data-processing system to underpin, for example, climate forecasts and global-change studies. This was associated with a call for sustainable funding and long-term continuity of observing systems, information availability, fast data delivery and cost-effectiveness. In general, space sciences were underlined as a major element in building a knowledge-based society.

– Discussion of the International Space Station (ISS) underscored its scientific excellence for microgravity activities, giving European researchers access to work in the life- and physical-sciences fields. The ISS should be exploited also for Earth-observation and human-spaceflight activities. The role of ESA’s European Astronaut Corps as ambassadors for a European identity was also highlighted.

– The political and strategic need for Europe to maintainand develop its own means of access to space was stressed, with the proviso that additional costs linkedto this need should not result in a reduction of the existing science budget. The need for engineering excellence (cf. ‘reliability’) in the launch infrastructurefor a successful space science programme was underlined.

The View ofthe ScientificCommunityBerlin Workshop, 8 April 2003

The Berlin Workshop focused on the European spacescience community, and in particular underlined theoften underestimated contribution that it makes to theoverall space activity, not least in making available keytechnology developments to the applicationsprogrammes.

The main highlights were:

– Space sciences must be an integral part of any European space policy.

– A plea was made to stop the trend to significantly reduce the funds for European space-science research. Recognition was given to the ESA ScienceProgramme as being of world-class quality, with onlymodest resources. For Earth Observation, a proposalwas made to develop a mandatory programme (Earth Explorer missions) with a level of resources based on GNP contribution scales. The scientific role of the overall ‘Global Monitoring for Environmentand Security’ (GMES) programme was stressed, as was the synergy between the research and development for scientific and security requirements.

– The Aurora programme, which is intended to prepareEurope to meet the challenges facing the next generation in space (science, exploration and humanpresence), was seen as an initiative to be welcomed,and one concept on which ESA and the EU can build a European role in space in the medium to long term.

– No merging of diverse institutions into centralised bodies (i.e. preserve a healthy ‘biodiversity’ among the existing institutions). Maintain ESA as an independent institution for science working in close relationship with the EU. A more coherent co-ordination throughout disciplines should be developed(EIROforum is an example to be exploited), as part of the European Research Area strategy.

– Finally, the role of the EU in contributing to horizontal and infrastructure activities was stressed, with a number of fields identified for consideration:an independent data-systems network, ISS utilisation, critical technologies for payloads, development of future nuclear and electric-propulsion systems (critical for interplanetary missions), data analysis and archiving.

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TheInstitutionalViewRome Workshop, 28 April 2003

The Rome Workshop was aimed at registering theviews and reactions of the ESA and EU MemberStates (i.e. national administrations and other publicinstitutions). The discussions provided, inter alia, thefollowing inputs:

– Access to Space: The need for independent access to space and the role of ESA’s new EGAS (European Guaranteed Access to Space) programme were again confirmed.

– Science: The role of science (including research on the ISS) as the enabler (understanding and invention)for future applications and commercial activities wasdeveloped. A doubling of the science budget, withoutprejudice to other space-programme funding, was requested.

– Industry: The dramatic situation in which European space industry currently finds itself was again stressed. In order to remedy the situation and to ensure at least ‘a level playing field’ with respect to the United States, a doubling of the total yearly

available institutional market was requested as a medium- to long-term goal.

– Knowledge Society, Sustainable Development, Security: It was emphasised that the applications area lies at the core of the present discussion, whilst the role of space as an important tool for the implementation of key Union policies and objectives was confirmed.

– Space policy should be guided and discussed at thehighest political level.

– The European Parliament has taken a major interestin the European Space Policy, both prior to and during the Green Paper activity. In particular, it has concerned itself with the impact of space technologies on the European citizen. The Parliament’s contribution to the dossier is a welcome and important addition.

– ESA (institutionally outside the EU framework) has proved itself capable of acquiring a world-class spaceposition for Europe that must be maintained in the future. Discussions on ESA’s future role and its relationship to Union institutions should ensure that strengths are reinforced and organisational changesmade only when really called for. ESA should become the space agency of the Union (Europe) – in a first step through a framework agreement, and with a possible further rapprochement to be defined.

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The View ofthe Operatorsand ServiceProvidersLondon Workshop, 20 May 2003

The London Workshop brought together representativesof satellite operators, service providers, users, industry,SMEs, national space agencies and universities.Thewide-ranging discussions highlighted the following points:

General– Space Applications are key components of a Space

Policy. They are market-driven, and therefore should ultimately be financed by end-users, achieving optimal use and leverage of public funding. Earth-observation applications, which are dominated by the public sector as both user and regulator, are only partially driven by the commercial market.

– Applications bring concrete benefits to professionalsand customers in their daily activities: here taxpayersand their political representatives can see a concretereturn from public funding invested in space activities.

Satellite Communications– Satellite communications provide 50% of all European

industry’s space-hardware revenues, and are the

most efficient lever to revive and fund upstream players (satellite and launch manufacturers). They have an unrivalled ability to bridge the ‘digital divide’in Europe, as a complement to existing terrestrial networks, thereby addressing the more than 20% of the population currently excluded from today’s ‘information society’. They should become a ‘third element’ of joint ESA-EU space applications activities,alongside Earth-observation and navigation systems

– Fixed or mobile access via satellite to high-speed Internet and essential broadband services on a universal basis must be included in any European Space Policy.

– It is recommended to establish immediately a forum at European level to co-ordinate and federate the players concerned with the definition, development, operation and utilisation of a satellite communicationsbroadband infrastructure.

– Despite progress over the past decade in several regulatory areas at the CEPT, EU and national levels, the satellite industry continues to face multiple,often inconsistent, regimes. Common regulatory conditions are essential:• Harmonised and streamlined licensing procedures

throughout the Union.• Harmonised spectrum allocation, enabling free

circulation of user terminals and exemption from licensing for satellite Earth stations and user terminals.

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– There is a need to create an organisation, or networkof organisations, to deal specifically with space imagery, and the integration and dissemination of geo-spatial information, taking into account the existing structures. An overall architecture including data collection and information dissemination shouldbe defined.

Satellite Navigation, Positioning and Timing– Satellite navigation is also a key dual-use technology,

having numerous applications and generating indirect returns far exceeding investment costs.

– Strong international cooperation is essential, as in COSPAS/SARSAT. Users need the European Galileosystem to be interoperable and compatible with othersystems. They want GPS and Galileo (plus Glonass)in order to have at their disposal larger satellite constellations that are inherently more reliable and provide more accurate navigation solutions in difficultenvironments.

– Safety issues should be managed and financed by each area of application (air, rail, maritime...), since each has its own standards for precision and integrity,and for possible augmentations.

– Coupling navigation, positioning and timing with mobiles/satcoms creates potential for commercial opportunities.

• Fair access to frequencies for satellite operators and exclusive frequency bands for ‘point-to-point’satellite systems in Europe.

• Acceptance of market-access principles for satelliteservices in the Member States of the enlarged Union and in other countries.

Earth Observation– The establishment of a robust European Earth-

monitoring capability is strategically important for Europe, particularly for the implementation of policies bearing on such issues as management of renewable resources, and security.

– There is a clear need for a co-ordinated approach aimed at the creation of an operational structure for data gathering, data handling, information productionand dissemination.

– The demand for Earth-observation data is essentiallya public one.There is a need to federate and organiseat the European level its demand for longer-term commitments, and to identify appropriate funding instruments.

– A significant catalyst for the exploitation of satellite remote sensing will come from applications in the security/defence fields. The Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme should act as a catalyst and provide a demonstrationof how space can address European strategic aims.

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– Russia and the Ukraine have both indicated a willingness to enter into long-term strategic partnerships with Europe in key areas such as human spaceflight, launchers, and applications such as navigation and global monitoring.

– The ‘Wider Europe’ initiative of the European Union, endorsed in 2003 by the European Council in Thessaloniki, offers scope for the use of space technology in supporting the EU’s eastern and southern neighbours, as well as Europe’s overseas territories, in their development.

– The co-operation between the EU and the Mediterranean countries is based on the Barcelona process, and implemented through the MEDA programmes. These countries may expect to be the prime beneficiaries of an outward-looking European space programme making use of satellite technology.

The scope of the Workshop was focused on the pan-European context – international partners such as the USA and Japan were not specifically targeted tocontribute to the European debate at this stage.

TheInternationalContextPrague Workshop, 2-3 June 2003

The Prague Workshop was designed to bring outsome of the international aspects of a EuropeanSpace Policy. Particular points that were emphasisedare:

– Europe must combine autonomy in strategic areas with co-operation in others. Where it collaborates, Europe must be a strong partner.

– Satellite technologies correctly and imaginatively exploited in pursuit of identified policy objectives canplay a major role in the incorporation of the most far-flung corners of the Community.

– The need for strategic objectives for international cooperation, as well as for all relevant partners, (i.e.EU, ESA, other organisations in the space field suchas Eumetsat, European States, users and industry).

– The new EU Member States have a strong interest in involvement as soon as possible in European space activities. This may extend all the way from participation in individual programmes such as Galileoand GMES, to Associate Member status in ESA.

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ClosingConferenceParis, 23-24 June 2003

The Paris Conference took the form of six Panelsessions – one for each Workshop – and there wereseven speeches. More than 400 representatives fromgovernment, industry, research and civilian lifeattended the meeting.

Mrs Pascale Sourisse, President of Eurospace,presented Panel 1, dealing with ‘The Industrial View’:

– Space cannot be considered as a strictly commercialsector.The institutional aspect of space is fundamental.Due to the severe crisis in the European space industry, there is a real danger that the very high level of skill and technologies that Europe has acquired cannot be maintained. Efforts towards the definition of a reinforced European Space Policy aretherefore of critical importance.

Prof. Roger Bonnet presented Panel 2, dealing with‘The View of the Scientific Community’:

– The indisputable success of ESA’s Science Programme has been underlined. A strong regret related to the insufficient emphasis on science in theGreen Paper has also been underlined. The scientificcommunity has claimed the right to be recognised.

They regret the lack of political vision, of coherent ambition, and the immature coordination between ESA and the EU. The starvation of science budgets cannot be the option. A factor of two increase might be adequate, both at ESA and national levels, for all branches. The science community insists on ESA’s essential role, and ESA must be maintained as an independent institution, working in close association with the EU. ESA is essential for the sciences.

– The EU should have a political role in defining European policies. The EC has to compensate for the present deficit of resources, to use its institutionalrules where ESA is not competent, and to participatein ESA delegate bodies, much like an Associate Member State. The EC must organise itself more efficiently across its various Directorates in view of GMES, and should support ISS utilisation through Framework Programme 6.

Former Swedish Prime Minister Carl Bildt presentedPanel 3, dealing with ‘The Institutional View’:

– Key points from Rome were that the messages coming out of the consultation must be radical and seize the momentum of current developments.Without institutional demand, there will be no independent access to space. But independence of information should also be created. European SpacePolicy should be guided from the highest political level (European Council), and ESA should act as theEU’s de facto space agency. The European

Parliament should have a review function also with respect to space policy. Mr Bildt also recalled the mainpoints related to space in the EU draft ConstitutionalTreaty. He posed three main items for discussion:• How could ESA become the space agency for the

EU?• How should EU funding be organised to support

the policy goals? and• How should a comprehensive European Space

Programme be run?

Mr Giuliano Berretta, President of the EuropeanSatellite Operators Association (ESOA), presentedPanel 4, dealing with ‘The View of the Operators andService Providers’:

– Space applications are key components of any space policy. Applications bring concrete benefits to professionals and consumers in their daily activities.Taxpayers and political representatives can see a solid return on their contributions. Unlike many otherspace programmes, space applications address many user communities. The needs of all communities should be taken into account in the future European space programme.

– Sectorial recommendations have been made in the field of satellite communications, Earth observation, and positioning, navigation and timing. The future European Space Strategy should rest on three pillars: EGNOS and Galileo for navigation, GMES forEarth observation, and a new Satcom programme.

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Mr Reinhard Loosch, former Department Head at theGerman Federal Ministry for Research, presentedPanel 5, dealing with ‘The International Context’:

– First, the inherent international dimension of space activities has been underlined. There is a need for a coherent European Space Policy that sets strategic objectives and priorities, defining areas where Europe must attain autonomy and where it should accept a higher degree of (inter-)dependence throughinternational cooperation. Coordination between all European actors is needed for a coherent approach to space. Europe should speak with one voice on the international scene, including in UN bodies. In the field of human spaceflight, Europe should forge a strategic cooperation with other space powers.Some instruments have been defined: ESA’s PECS programme, EU Framework Programmes for Research and Technological Development, and agreements between the EU and other countries.Major recommendations have been addressed:

• European Space Policy must provide for securing financing, covering the development and operations of a European infrastructure as well as applications, including science, in space and on Earth.

• European Space Policy can build on the existing structures of the EU, ESA and other European institutions.

• European coordination should be improved, not only between the EU and ESA (and between them and European governments), but also between public institutions and industry and the scientific community.

Lieutenant-Colonel Alexandros Kolovos, presentedPanel 6, dealing with ‘Security and Defence Aspects’,the special Workshop organised by the GreekPresidency of the EU.

The European Space Policy should include thesecurity dimension, taking into account the completespectrum of security-related activities. This securitydimension of the EU Space Policy needsgovernmental programmes and efficient bodies.

The EU needs to consider space-based capabilities inthe following fields:– Global monitoring.– Global reconnaissance, monitoring and surveillance,

including image intelligence and electromagnetic signal analysis.

– Meteorology and oceanography.– Telecommunications.– Intelligence information and verification.– Global command, control, communications and

information.– Global positioning, navigation and timing.– Mapping.– Space-based surveillance.

– Early warning and distant detection.– Search and rescue.– Independent access to space as a prerequisite.

Bodies and agencies have to evolve and differentschemes are possible. The first option is to transformthe existing ones (EU Satellite Centre, ESA, …). Thesecond is to create new ones. A third is to exploitcomplementarities between EU agencies and nationalagencies.

On 24 June, Jack Metthey, the Commission’s Directorfor Space and Transport (DG RTD), introduced thefollowing speakers:

Mr Guido Bodrato, European Parliament, recalled thatthe EC has been asked to define a European SpacePolicy: ESA should not be reduced, but the EU hascompetence that ESA does not have. ESA is alreadyde facto the EU space agency. The ESA fair-returnrule should be redefined. Article 150 of the EuropeanConvention’s draft EU Constitution gives the EU acompetence in space, but not an exclusive one. Article207 of Part III concerning the European ArmamentsAgency is also very important.

Mr Stéphane Buffetaut, European Economic andSocial Committee, explained that three kinds offinancing scheme are possible for future spaceactivities: a European Programme, a reinforcedcooperation, and the current system.

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Herbert Diehl, the German representative of MinisterEdelgard Bulmahn, presented some views: The priorityis a coherent European Space Policy. Roles betweeninstitutions have to be redefined. The EU could play animportant role concerning infrastructure. ESAmanages space science perfectly.

Antonio Rodotà, ESA’s Director General, explainedthat he was in favour of the inclusion of space in theEuropean Convention. He regretted only that spacewas assimilated with technological research anddevelopment. He also explained that the ESA conceptof ‘fair return’ is a very flexible rule.

ESA’s future Director General Jean-Jacques Dordainunderlined in his speech that there should be lesserfocus on institutions. Space is a question ofprogrammes and not of institutions. He explained thatESA was able to federate the tender, and EU thedemand. A distinction has also to be made betweenrespective budgets and interests.

Concluding Addresses were made by Mrs ClaudieHaigneré, France’s Minister for Research and NewTechnologies, Mrs Letizia Moratti, Italy’s Minister forEducation, Universities and Research, and Mr PhilippeBusquin, European Commissioner for Research.

Mrs Haigneré asked for a financial evolution and asoftening of the geographical-return rules. Sheunderlined the importance of the inclusion of space in

the European Convention. The EU has the politicaland societal legitimacy for initiatives in the space field.Some important reform has to be made. She asked fora (comprehensive) European Space Programme andan EU budgetary line for space to be available in2007.

Mrs Moratti underlined the knowledge andcompetence patrimony of ESA.

Mr Busquin stated that the White Paper would beelaborated in close cooperation with ESA. He madereferences to the Convention and the sharedcompetences, to explain that a European SpaceProgramme was a necessity. He concluded bymentioning the Commission’s intention to organise aninternational conference on space in November 2003in Italy.

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Post-WorkshopActivitiesThe above sequence of Workshops was concluded inthe second half of June, with the following series ofactivities then expected to take place:

– The preparation of the present Joint Summary Report on the whole consultation process, producedby the EC/ESA Joint Task Force.

– The Commission has to present to the Council of the Union and to the European Parliament an actionplan (White Paper) elaborated in cooperation with ESA, as underlined by both the EU and ESA Ministerial Councils in May 2003. This will acknowledge the contributions that have been received, and include proposals for the content, organisation and level of future European activities in space. This should be prepared for approval by the Commission in October, with subsequent submission to the Council and Parliament.

– An opportunity for discussion with the EU Council has already been foreseen, at the Competitiveness Council currently planned by the Italian Presidency in November.

P. Carril

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Workshop Rapporteurs

Mr G. Berretta, President ESOAMr C. Bildt, former Prime Minister of Sweden Prof. R. Bonnet, former ESA Director of ScienceLt. Col. A. Kolovos, Head of National Centre for Space Applications, Greek Ministry of DefenceMr R. Loosch, former Department Head at German Federal Ministry for ResearchMs P. Sourisse, President Eurospace

Workshop Speakers

Col. A. Husniaux, Belgian Ministry of DefenceCol. V. Santoro, EU CouncilDr. D. Deniozos, General Secretary of Research and Technology, Ministry of Development, GreeceDr. F. Merkle, OHB, Director SAR-Lupe Project Dr. G. Thiele, European Astronaut Centre, Köln, GermanyDr. J.-L. Fellous, member of ESF, IFREMER, Issy-les-Moulineaux, FranceDr. P. Norsk, member of ESA European Users Board, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, DenmarkGen. (Retired) B. Molard, Defence and Security Advisor for the CEO, EUROSPACE Lord Sainsbury, Minister for Science and Technology, UKLt. Gen. D. Gavoty, Head of Bureau Espace, FranceLt. Gen. M. Vankeirsbilck, Belgian Defence StaffMr A. Gaubert, Secretary General of EurospaceMr A. Patacchini, EutelsatMr B. Andersen, Norwegian Space CentreMr B. Lançon, SNECMAMr C. Hicks, Director General, BNSCMr C. Jacob, Eurospace

Mr C. Paynter, ParadigmMr D. El Hadani, Director of the Royal Centre for Space Remote Sensing, Morocco Mr D. Levesque, SARSAT/COSPASMr D. Verhulst, AlcatelMr E. Both, Hungarian Space Office Mr E. Kuznietsov, Deputy Director General of the National Space Agency of Ukraine Mr E. Saggese, TelespazioMr F. Davara, Director, EU Satellite CentreMr F. De Winne, European Astronaut, ESAMr F. Huyns, Institut de Recherche pour le Development, Montpellier, FranceMr G. Aridon, Senior Vice-President Corporate Development, Alenia Spazio / FinmeccanicaMr G. Dahan, Vice-Chairman European Federation of High Tech SMEs Mr G. Savary, Vice Chairman of the Committee for Transport, Regional Policy and Tourism,

Sky and Space IntergroupMr G. Sawyer, Astrium Mr G. Bodrato, Member of the European Parliament, and EP rapporteur on space mattersMr H. Diehl, German Ministry of Education and ResearchMr H. Haubold, United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs Mr I. Shepherd, Member of GMES Security Group Mr J. Broquet, AstriumMr J. Davey, former Chairman of the Galileo Security BoardMr J. Garcia Palacios, HispasatMr J. Kolar, President of the Czech National Committee for Space ResearchMr J. Maury, AstriumMr J. Nebrera, Proespacio Mr J. Rønneberg, Norwegian Space Centre Mr J. Storey, EurocontrolMr J.-L. Dehaene, Vice President of the European ConventionMr J.-M. Luton, Chairman of ArianespaceMr K. Becher, Associate Research Fellow, EU Institute for Security Studies Mr K. Madders, Systemics Network International Mr K.-U. Schrogl, German Aerospace Centre DLR, Chairman of the International Relations

Committee of ESA Mr Kremék, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech RepublicMr L. Mayo, GMV

CONTRIBUTORS TO THE

CONSULTATION PROCESS

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Prof. A. Colombati, University of Udine, ItalyProf. C. Cesarsky, European Southern Observatory, Garching, GermanyProf. F. Rocca, Politecnico Milano, ItalyProf. G. Corazza, University of Bologna, ItalyProf. G. Haerendel, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Physique de Strasbourg, Illkirch, FranceProf. H. Balsiger, Physikalisches Institute, Bern University, Switzerland Prof. J.-P. Swings, Institut d’Astrophysique et de Géophysique, Liège, Belgium Prof. L. Bengtsson, Max Planck Institute für Meteorologie, Hamburg, GermanyProf. M. Grewing, Institut de Radio-Astronomie Millimétrique, Grenoble, FranceProf. R. Pellinen, Finnish Meteo Institute, FinlandProf. S. Hobe, University of Cologne, Germany

Mr M. Bartolomey, Arianespace Mr M. Dillon, Managing Director, ESYS plcMr M. Kracht, Thales Communications Mr M.A. Llorca, EADS/CASAMr M.-I. Piso, Romanian Space Agency Mr O. Colaitis, Alcatel SpaceMr P. Kent, European Maritime Radionavigation ForumMr P. Kompfner, ErticoMr P. Morenés, Secretary of State, Ministry for Science and Technology, SpainMr P. Munier, SpotimageMr P. Norris, LogicaCMGMr P. Rudolff, Corporate Affairs, Arianespace Mr P.M. Borgeal, Bureau Espace, FranceMr R. Bausch, SES-GlobalMr R. Buttiglione, Italian Minister of Community PoliciesMr R. Gibson, former Director General of ESAMr R. Olsen, Norwegian Defence Research EstablishmentMr R. Williams, EumetsatMr S. Buffetaut, European Economic and Social CommitteeMr S. Kulik, Head of International Division, Rosaviakosmos Mr S. Plattard, Director of International Relations, Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, France Mr S. Vetrella, President of the Italian Space AgencyMr T. Dachev, Bulgarian Academy of SciencesMr T. Eltges, NewtechMr T. Pirard, Space Information Centre, BelgiumMr V. Gomez, Director General CDTI, SpainMr Y. Papantoniou, Minister of Defence of the Hellenic Republic Mr Z. Klos, Polish Space Research Centre Mrs C. Haigneré, French Minister for Research and New TechnologiesMrs F. Ghiron, EsinetMrs L. Moratti, Italian Minister for Education, University and ResearchMrs M. Flaminia Rossi, Italian Space AgencyMs C. Noguez, former Conference Originator and DirectorMs E. McNally, Member of the European ParliamentProf. A. Lebeau, former ESA Director of Science

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Contributors Particularlythe offices in:

ACCESS GermanyAdvisory Board of Global Network Against Weapons and

Nuclear Power in Space USA/EuropeAECMA - European Association of Aerospace Ind. BelgiumAENA - Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea SpainAeronautical Research and Test Institute Czech RepublicAeronautics and Space Technologies Institute Turkey TurkeyAerospace Institute Germany GermanyAerospace Institute Greece GreeceAgencia EFE Spain AGi Agenzia Giornalistica Italia ItalyAIAD - The Italian Industries Association for Aerospace Systems

and Defence ItalyAirclaims United KingdomAirPresse ItalyAlcatel FranceAlcatel Espacio SpainAlcatel ETCA BelgiumAlcatel Space FranceAlenia Spazio ItalyALTEC - Advanced Logistics Technology Engineering Centre ItalyANSA (Press) ItalyARD - Studio Brüssel BelgiumAREA (Press) ItalyArgongra SpainArianespace FranceAstrium GmbH GermanyAstrium Space United KingdomAstrium-Crisa United KingdomAstronomy Working Group FranceAstrophysikalisches Institut Postdam GermanyAurensa Spain

Austrian Federal Ministry for Education and Research Austria/GermanyAustrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology AustriaAustrian Federal Ministry of Defence AustriaAustrian Space Agency AustriaB612 Foundation NetherlandsBaden-Württemberg at the European Union Germany/Belgium BBC United KingdomBDLI - German Aerospace Industries Association GermanyBelgian Air Force BelgiumBelgian Defence Staff Department for Strategic Affairs BelgiumBelgian Federal Office for Scientific Affairs BelgiumBelgian Government Space Department BelgiumBelgian Institute for Space Aeronomy BelgiumBelgian Ministry of Defence BelgiumBelgian Ministry of Scientific Research BelgiumBritish National Space Centre United KingdomBritish Telecom United KingdomBureau Space News - Paris FranceCanadian Embassy in Germany Canada/GermanyCanadian Embassy in Spain Canada/SpainCanadian Mission to the European Union Canada/BelgiumCanadian National Defence (OCIPEP) CanadaCarlo Gavazzi Space SpA ItalyCDTI - Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial SpainCedarwood Associates International BelgiumCFE/CGC - Confédération Française de l'Encadrement FranceChinese Embassy in Prague Czech RepublicCIFOR-INIA - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología

Agraria y Alimentaria SpainCNES Belgium/FranceCNES/CFCIB BelgiumCNR ItalyComitato VAS Italian Parliament ItalyComité économique et social européen FranceCommitee Office, House of Lords United Kingdom

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Contraves Space SwitzerlandCOPIT-ONLUS ItalyCorriere della Sera ItalyCOSPAS-SARSAT United KingdomCRO-IRCCS ItalyCrystal Science and Technology Institute Czech RepublicCS Systemes d'Information FranceCVUT - Czech Technical University in Prague Czech RepublicCzech Astronomical Institute Czech RepublicCzech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports Czech RepublicCzech National Committee for Space Research Czech RepublicCzech Space Office Czech RepublicDassault Aviation FranceDeimos Space SL SpainDEIS/ARCES - University of Bologna ItalyDemocritus University of Thrace GreeceDemos United KingdomDeutsche Bundesregierung GermanyDeutschland Funk / German National Radio GermanyDLR - German Aerospace Centre Belgium/GermanyDNV - Det Norske Veritas NorwayDOTARS - Department of Transport and Regional Services AustriaDutch Agency for Aerospace Programmes NetherlandsDutch Government NetherlandsDutch Ministry of Economic Affairs NetherlandsDutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Science NetherlandsDutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs NetherlandsDutch Space Research Organization NetherlandsEADS GermanyEADS – Astrium GermanyEADS CASA Espacio SpainEADS France FranceEADS Hellas GreeceEADS Launch Vehicles FranceEADS Space Division France

EARSC - European Association of Remote-Sensing Companies ItalyEcologic GermanyEdisoft PortugalEGIS FranceEmbassy of Estonia in Greece GreeceEnergy co / TUB Berlin GermanyERTICO - ITS Europe BelgiumESO/EIROforum GermanyESOA European Satellite Operators Association BelgiumESSP – European Satellite Services Provider BelgiumESYS plc United KingdomEtat Major des Armées - Bureau Espace FranceEU Council Secretariat General BelgiumEU Institute for Security Studies FranceEU Military Staff BelgiumEU Satellite Centre SpainEumetsat FranceEuroconsult FranceEurocontrol BelgiumEUROGI United KingdomEuropean Astronaut Centre GermanyEuropean Centre for Space and Security BelgiumEuropean Convention Members EU/BelgiumEuropean Economic and Social Committee BelgiumEuropean Martime Radio-navigation Forum United KingdomEuropean Parliament EU/BelgiumEuropean Satellite Operators Association BelgiumEuropean Service Network BelgiumEuropean Space Foundation/ESSC FranceEuropean Space Imaging GermanyEuropean Voice BelgiumEurospace FranceEutelsat FranceFachhochschule Heilbronn GermanyFédération Confédérée FO de la Métallurgie France

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Fédération des Travailleurs de la Métallurgie CGT FranceFiatAvio ItalyFinancial Times United KingdomFinmeccanica ItalyFinnish Meteorological Institute FinlandFinnish Ministry of Trade and Industry FinlandFlight International FranceFlugRevue GermanyForeign and Commonwealth Office United KingdomFreitag GermanyFrench Embassy in Germany GermanyFrench Embassy in Greece GreeceFrench Ministry of Defence FranceFrench Ministry of Research FranceFrench Ministry of Research and New Technologies FranceFuturaspace Sarl FranceGalileo Avionica ItalyGebecoma BelgiumGeoinformatik FSU Jena GermanyGerman Federal Ministry for Education, Science and Culture Austria/GermanyGFZ GermanyGIFAS - Groupement des Industries Françaises Aéronautiques et Spatiales FranceGMV SpainGPlus Europe BelgiumGreek Centre of Space Science & Technology GreeceGreek National Centre for Space Applications GreeceGRICES - Gabinete de Relações Internacionais da Ciência e

do Ensino Superior PortugalGTD SpainHelios Technology United KingdomHellenic Aerospace Industry GreeceHellenic Air Force GreeceHellenic Foundation for European and Foreign Policy GreeceHellenic Ministry of Defence GreeceHellenic Ministry of Development Greece

Hellenic Ministry of Foreign Affairs GreeceHellenic Ministry of Transport and Communication GreeceHellenic National Defence General Staff GreeceHispasat SpainHiTec Marketing AustriaHomes International s.a. BelgiumHTS Development Limited United KingdomHughes Network Systems USAHungarian Ministry of Defence HungaryHungarian Space Office HungaryIberEspacio SpainIFAC - Istituto di Fisica Applicata ‘Nello Carrara’ ItalyIFREMER - French Research Institute for Exploitation of the Sea FranceIguassu Software Systems Czech RepublicIl Corriere di Roma ItalyIl Manifesto Italyil Sole 24 Ore ItalyIndra Espacio SpainIndustrial Science and Technology United KingdomInfoterra United KingdomINMARSAT Ventures United KingdomInstitut de France - Académie des Sciences FranceInstitut de Recherche pour le Développement FranceInstitut Français de Navigation FranceInstitut für Quantenoptik GermanyInstitute for Atmospheric Physics, Czech Acad. Sci. Czech RepublicInstituto Geografico Nacional SpainInstituto Geografico Portugues PortugalINTA - Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial SpainINTELLECT United KingdomInternational Institute of Applied Technologies (IIAT) BelgiumInternational Space University FranceIRAM - Institut de Recherches et d'Applications des Méthodes

de Développement FranceIstituto Affari Internazionali Italy

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Italian European Policy Gov. Dept. ItalyItalian Institute of Navigation ItalyItalian Ministry of Defence ItalyItalian Ministry of Foreign Affairs ItalyItalian Ministry of Internal Affairs ItalyItalian Ministry of University and Research ItalyItalian Space Agency ItalyKatholieke Universiteit Leuven BelgiumKayser-Threde GermanyLa Libre Belgique BelgiumLaboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique FranceLaboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement FranceL'Echo BelgiumLockheed Martin BelgiumLogica CMG United KingdomLuxembourg Aerospace Industries LuxembourgLuxembourg Ministry of Culture, High Education and Research LuxembourgMaltepe University TurkeyMAN Technologie GermanyMars Society Deutschland GermanyMassachusetts Institute of Technology USAMax Planck Institut GermanyMersey Reporter / UkSEDS United KingdomMétéo France FranceMetria Miljöanalys SwedenMier Communicaciones SpainMinistry of Flanders BelgiumMitglied des Deutschen Bundestages GermanyMunich Orientation Convention GermanyNASDA - Japanese Space Agency Japan/FranceNational Audit Office UK United KingdomNational Observatory of Athens GreeceNational Space Agency of Ukraine UkraineNATS - National Air Traffic Services United KingdomNERA Satcom Spain

NERC/UNSC Natural Environment Research Council United KingdomNew Skies Satellites N.V. NetherlandsNewtec BelgiumNorwegian Defence Research Establishment NorwayNorwegian Ministry of Trade and Industry NorwayNorwegian Space Centre NorwayNPA Satellite Mapping and Exploitation United KingdomOccar - Organisation Conjointe de Coopération en matière d'Armement GermanyOECD FranceOHB-System GermanyOMNI Communications United KingdomPagnanelli Risk Solutions ItalyPeople TV FrancePermanent Representation of Denmark to the EU BelgiumPermanent Representation of France to the EU BelgiumPolish Academy of Sciences PolandPolish Space Research Centre PolandPolitecnico di Milano ItalyPolspace PolandPortuguese Embassy in Greece GreecePortuguese Ministry of Science PortugalPortuguese NSA PortugalProspace FrancePrudential United KingdomPublications UKSEDS United KingdomPuertos del Estado SpainQinetiq Ltd. United KingdomRadiacion y Microondas SpainRaumfahrtJournalist GermanyRegional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe HungaryRomanian Space Agency RomaniaRosaviakosmos RussiaRoyal Centre for Space Remote Sensing MoroccoRoyal Ministry of Trade and Industry NorwaySaab Ericsson Space AB Sweden

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Sabca BelgiumSAP REG - Satellite Action Plan Regulatory Group BelgiumSAT REG Ltd. United KingdomSatlynx LuxembourgSatNavConsult GermanySchlumbergerSema SpainScience's Next Wave United KingdomSCISYS United KingdomSenat de Belgique BelgiumSener SpainSES Global BelgiumSESO - Société Européenne de Systèmes Optiques FranceSGAC - Space Generation Advisory Council Ireland/EuropeSira Electro-Optics United KingdomSky & Space Intergroup of the European Parliament EU/BelgiumSky Logic - Eutelsat ItalySlovenian Ministry of Education, Science and Sport SloveniaSnecma Moteurs FranceSolar-Terrestrial Influences Laboratory BulgariaSpace Benefit GermanySpace Imaging GreeceSpace Information Centre BelgiumSpace News FranceSpaceChecker BelgiumSpanish Ministry for Science and Technology SpainSpanish Ministry of Defence SpainSpanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs SpainSpanish National Space Programme SpainSpanish Parliament SpainSpotimage FranceSSTC Services fédéraux des affaires scientifiques, techniques

et culturelles/Belgian Space Department BelgiumStato Maggiore Difesa ItalyStork BelgiumStork Aerospace Netherlands

Stork Product Engineering NetherlandsStudio Legale Carnelutti ItalySurrey Satellite Technology United KingdomSwedish Embassy in Greece GreeceSwedish Ministry for Foreign Affairs SwedenSwedish National Space Board SwedenSwiss Mission to the European Union BelgiumSwiss Space Office SwitzerlandSystemics Network International BelgiumSystems Engineering & Assessment Ltd. United KingdomTCP Sistemas e Ingenieria SpainTechnology Centre AS CR Czech RepublicTechspace Aero BelgiumTecnologica SpainTelelogic SpainTelesambre BelgiumTelespazio ItalyTerma A/S DenmarkThales FranceThales ATM - Delegate European Affairs BelgiumThales Avionics FranceThales Communications FranceThe Acronym Institute for Disarmament Diplomacy United KingdomThe Heart Centre DenmarkTop Strategies BelgiumTransplarety BelgiumTrinity House Lighthouse Service United KingdomUDcast FranceUNIFE - Union of European Railways BelgiumUnited Kingdom Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs United KingdomUnited Kingdom Department of Trade and Industry United KingdomUnited Kingdom Embassy in Spain SpainUnited Kingdom Government United KingdomUnited Kingdom Industrial Space Committee United KingdomUnited Kingdom Ministry for Science and Technology United Kingdom

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United Kingdom Ministry of Defence United KingdomUnited Nations, Office for Outer Space Affairs AustriaUniversidad Politecnica de Madrid SpainUniversity College London United KingdomUniversity of Aachen GermanyUniversity of Aveiro PortugalUniversity of Berlin GermanyUniversity of Bern SwitzerlandUniversity of Bologna ItalyUniversity of Bremen GermanyUniversity of Cologne GermanyUniversity of Cranfield United KingdomUniversity of Darmstadt GermanyUniversity of Greifswald GermanyUniversity of Hamburg GermanyUniversity of Leeds United KingdomUniversity of Liège BelgiumUniversity of Marseille FranceUniversity of Oxford United KingdomUniversity of Patras GreeceUniversity of Pisa ItalyUniversity of Reading United KingdomUniversity of Rome ItalyUniversity of Stuttgart GermanyUniversity of Thessaloniki GreeceUniversity of Trento ItalyVitrociset SpA ItalyVlaamse Ruimtevaart Industriëlen BelgiumWallonia Space Logistics BelgiumWDR - West Deutscher Rundfunk GermanyWorld Meteorological Organization SwitzerlandYuzhnoye SDO Belgium/Ukraine