REPORT IN PSYCHOLOGY

8/7/2019 REPORT IN PSYCHOLOGY

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REPORT INPSYCHOLOGY

PRESENTED BY:

BASCO, ARLENE AUSTRIA, SARAH JANE

REYES, SHAYNE KARLA YHU, JOHN MAURICE


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NEURONSPARTS AND ITS FUNCTION


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NEURONS

- ALSO KNOWN AS A NEURONE OR NERVE

CELL.

- IS AN ELECTRICALLY EXCITABLE CELL

THAT PROCESSES AND TRANSMITS INFORMATION BY

ELECTRICAL AND CHEMICAL SIGNALING AND IT

CONNECT TO EACH OTHER TO FORM NETWORKS.

- ARE THE CORE COMPONENTS OF THE

NERVOUS SYSTEM, WHICH INCLUDES THE BRAIN,

SPINAL CORD, AND PERIPHERAL GANGLIA.


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SPECIALIZEDTYPES OF NEURONS:


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1. SENSORY NEURONS

-RESPOND TO TOUCH, SOUND, LIGHT

AND NUMEROUS OTHER STIMULI AFFECTING CELLSOF THE SENSORY ORGAN THAT THEN SEND SIGNALS

TO THE SPINAL CORD AND BRAIN.

2. MOTOR NEURONS

-RECEIVE SIGNALS FROM THE BRAIN

AND SPIRAL CORD, CAUSE MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS,

AND AFFECT GLANDS.

3. INTERNEURONS

-CONNECT NEURONS TO OTHER NEURONS

WITHIN THE SAME REGION OF THE BRAIN OR

SPINAL CORD.


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PARTS OFNEURONS:


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1. CELL BODY


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- THE CELL BODY (SOMA) IS

THE FACTORY OF THE NEURON.

IT PRODUCES ALL THE

PROTEINS FOR THE DENDRITES,AXONS AND SYNAPTIC

TERMINALS AND CONTAINS

SPECIALIZED ORGANELLES SUCH

AS THE MITOCHONDRIA, GOLGI

APPARATUS, ENDOPLASMIC

RETICULUM, SECRETORY

GRANULES, RIBOSOMES AND

POLYSOMES TO PROVIDE ENERGY

AND MAKE THE PARTS, AS WELL

AS A PRODUCTION LINE TO

ASSEMBLE THE PARTS INTO

COMPLETED PRODUCTS.


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COMPONENTS

OF CELL BODY


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1. NUCLEUS

- DERIVED FROM THE LATIN

WORD FOR NUX, NUT, THE NUCLEUSIS THE ARCHIVIST AND THE

ARCHITECT OF THE CELL.

*NUCLEOLUS

-IS AN ORGANELLE

WITHIN THE NUCLEUS WHICH IS

INVOLVED ACTIVELY IN RIBOSOMESYNTHESIS AND IN THE TRANSFER

OF RNA TO THE CYTOSOL.


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2. GOLGI APPARATUS

- MEMBRANE-BOUND STRUCTURETHAT PLAYS A ROLE IN

PACKAGING PEPTIDES AND

PROTEINS (INCLUDING

NEUROTRANSMITTERS) INTO

VESICLES.


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3. POLYRIBOSOMES

- THERE ARE SEVERAL FREE

RIBOSOMES ATTACHED BY A

THREAD.


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4NEURONAL MEMBRANE


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5. MITOCHONDRIUM -

THIS IS THE PART OF

THE CELL RESPONSIBLE

FOR THE SUPPLY OFENERGY IN THE FORM

OF ATP (ADENOSINE

TRIPHOSPHATE).

6.ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC

RETICULUM AND SMOOTH

ENDOPLASMIC

RETICULUM- A SYSTEM

OF TUBES FOR THE

TRANSPORTATION OF

MATERIALS WITHIN THE

CYTOPLASM.


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NISSL BODIES-GROUPS OF RIBOSOMES USED FOR

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.


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2. NEURONAL MEMBRANE


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-The neuronal

membrane serves as a

barrier to enclose

the cytoplasm inside

the neuron, and to

exclude certainsubstances that

float in the fluid

that bathes the

neuron.


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3.DENTRITES


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-These structures

branch out intreelike fashion and

serve as the main

apparatus for

receiving signalsfrom other nerve

cells. They function

as an "antennae" of

the neuron and arecovered by thousands

of synapses.


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The dendritic membrane

under the synapse (the

post-synaptic membrane) hasmany specialized protein

molecules called receptors

that detect the

neurotransmitters in thesynaptic cleft. A nerve

cell can have many

dendrites which branch many

times, their surface is

irregular and covered in

dendritic spines which are

where the synaptic input

connections are made.


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4. AXON


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AXON HILLOCK

-The axon hillock iswhere the axon is

joined to the cell. It

is from here that the

electrical firingknown as an action

potential usually

occurs.


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5. Nerve Ending

(Presynaptic Terminals)


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Synapses are the junctions

formed with other nerve

cells where the presynaptic

terminal of one cell comesinto 'contact' with the

postsynaptic membrane of

another. It is at these

junctions that neurons areexcited, inhibited, or

modulated. There are two

types of synapse, electrical

and chemical.

Electrical synapses occur where the

presynaptic terminal is in electrical

continuity with the postsynaptic.


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Chemical synaptic junction is more

complicated. The gap between the post-

and presynaptic terminals is larger,and the mode of transmission is not

electrical, but carried by

neurotransmitters, neuroactivesubstances released at the presynaptic

side of the junction.


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Anatomical Diversity of

Neurons


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a.Purkinge cell(human). b.Pyramidal cell (rabbit).c. Motoneuron (cat).


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d. Horizontal cell (cat) e. Horizontal cell (cat).f. Premotor interneuron (locust).


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g. Visual amacrine cell(mechanosensoryinterneuron- crayfish).

h. Multipolar neuron(fly)

i. Visual monopolarneuron (fly).

j. Premotor interneuron(crayfish)..


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REPORT IN PSYCHOLOGY