Report for Karratha TPS No 8. Amendment

LandCorp

Report for Karratha TPS No 8. AmendmentPreliminary Acid Sulfate Soil Investigation

September 2011

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Executive Summary

LandCorp commissioned GHD Pty Ltd (GHD) to undertake a Preliminary Acid Sulfate Soil (ASS)Investigation to include limited soil sampling within the following development areas in Karratha; DA10,DA13, DA14, DA15, DA26 and DA28.

Based upon the relatively low risk of ASS being present at the site (based on ASS risk mapping and siteground conditions), a limited programme of sampling and analysis was undertaken by GHD to determinethe potential for ASS occurrence. This report presents the findings of the ASS investigation and providesrecommendations to be considered prior to the commencement of any earthworks.

The scope of works completed by GHD is outlined below:

A desktop study was undertaken as a preliminary appraisal of ASS risk within the project area. Thisinvolved gathering information from published ASS risk mapping, generic soil maps, environmentalgeological maps and groundwater maps to make conclusions relating to ASS risk.;

Soil sampling was conducted at 12 locations to a maximum depth of up to 2.5 m below ground level(bgl);

Soil samples were collected at 0.5 m intervals in order to ascertain the acid generating capacityacross the soil profile;

A total of 46 soil samples (including two duplicate samples) were analysed by a NATA accreditedlaboratory (ALS) for pH field screening with 11 samples selected for the Suspension Peroxide OxidationCombined Acidity and Sulfate (SPOCAS) suite.

Laboratory results were assessed against published DEC (2009) coarse texture action criteria todetermine the nature of potential and/or existing acidity at the Site and to assess the requirement forfurther soil investigations.

Based upon the findings of this investigation, the following conclusions can been drawn:

The geology and soil types on the Site are consistent with relatively low ASS risk;

The components of the acidity trail (TAA, TPA) were below the laboratory limit of reporting for all ofthe samples tested;

There were only two minor exceedances of the net acidity criteria of 18.7 mol H+/tonne with all of theother samples returning net acidities below the laboratory limit of reporting;

All samples analysed for SPOCAS contained significant amounts of buffering materials as indicatedby ANC values between 204-8160 mol H+/tonne equivalent.

The samples with the two net acidity exceedances had ANC values over 100 times greater than netacidity.

Based on the above conclusions, the potential ASS risk at the site is considered to be low to very low. Inthe event of any acid generation from possible oxidation of naturally present sulfdes (albeit at low levels)within development area DA10, the soil materials present onsite have a high potential capacity toneutralise any potential acid generation. In addition, groundwater (if encountered) at the site will notlikely require treatment during dewatering for construction.

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Contents

Executive Summary i

1. Introduction 1

1.1 Objectives 1

1.2 Scope of Works 1

2. Acid Sulfate Soils 2

2.1 Background on Acid Sulfate Soils 2

2.2 Potential Risks of AASS and PASS 2

2.3 Management of ASS 2

2.4 Legislative Requirements in Western Australia 3

2.5 Environmental Protection Act 1986 3

3. Site Environmental Characteristics 4

3.1 Site Description 4

3.2 Topography and Geology 4

3.3 Surface Water 5

3.4 Groundwater 5

3.5 ASS Risk Mapping 5

3.6 Historical Reports 6

4. ASS Field Investigation 7

4.1 Sampling Locations 7

4.2 Soil Sampling 7

4.3 Quality Assurance and Quality Control 7

5. Laboratory Analysis – Technical Background 8

5.1 pH Field Screening 8

5.2 Confirmatory laboratory testing: Suspension Peroxide OxidationCombined Acidity and Sulfate (SPOCAS) 8

6. Results and Discussion 10

6.1 Soil Lithology 10

6.2 Groundwater 10

6.3 pH Screening Results 10

6.4 SPOCAS 11

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6.5 Summary 12

7. Quality Assurance/Quality Control 13

7.1 Introduction 13

7.2 Field QA/QC 13

7.3 Laboratory QA/QC 13

7.4 Summary of QA/QC 14

8. Conclusions and Recommendations 15

8.1 Conclusions 15

8.2 Recommendations 15

9. References 16

Table IndexTable 1 Karratha Precincts, Associated Development Areas

(DA) and Borehole IDs 7Table 2 Field Testing Classifications 8Table 3 Action Criteria Based on Net Acidity for Three

Texture Categories 9Table 4 pH Criteria Outliers 11

Figure IndexFigure 1 Site Locality Plan 17Figure 2 Sampling Locations 17Figure 3 Site Geology 17Figure 4 Acid Sulfate Soil Risk Map 17

AppendicesA GlossaryB Hand Auger Bore LogsC Laboratory CertificatesD Acid Sulfate Soil Summary TableE Quality Assurance and Control Documentation

161/27315/114567 Karratha TPS No 8. AmendmentPreliminary Acid Sulfate Soil Investigation

1. Introduction

The Shire of Roebourne is currently updating the Karratha Town Planning Scheme No. 8 as a part of its‘City Growth Plan’. The City Growth Plan is to develop Karratha as the major City of the North and makeit an attractive choice for future development.

Part of the proposed Amendment 21 is to re-zone a number of sites which have been identified ashaving potential for development. The Amendment is designed to coordinate the growth of Karratha toinclude the infill of existing areas and support expansion of current residential and industrial zones.

Subsequently, LandCorp commissioned GHD to undertake a Preliminary Acid Sulfate Soil (ASS)investigation within a number of precincts and their proposed development areas (DA’s) in Karratha,Western Australia (Figure 1) to determine the potential presence of ASS.

This report presents the findings of the ASS investigation and the subsequent recommendations.

1.1 ObjectivesThe objectives of this ASS investigation were to:

Evaluate the potential presence and risk of actual acid sulfate soils (AASS) and/or potential acidsulfate soils (PASS) within each of the development areas by undertaking a desktop study, limited soilsampling and laboratory analysis; and

Draw conclusions and make recommendations that address the presence (if any) of ASS within thedevelopment areas.

1.2 Scope of WorksThe scope of this investigation is outlined below:

A total of 12 soil boreholes were hand augered to a maximum depth of 2.5 m below ground level(bgl);

A total of 46 soil samples (including two duplicate samples for QA purposes) were collected at 0.5 mintervals from the soil bores, all samples were analysed by a National Association of Testing Authoritiesaccredited (NATA) laboratory, ALS Environmental for the ASS field test suite.

A total of 11 soil samples (plus two duplicates) were analysed by ALS Environmental, for SuspensionPeroxide Oxidation Combined Acidity and Sulfate (SPOCAS);

Laboratory results were assessed against DEC (2009) action criteria to determine the likely nature ofexisting acidity and potential acidity within the development areas; and

Conclusions and recommendations were formed based upon the anticipated ASS risk.

The ASS investigation was undertaken with reference to the document, Identification and investigation ofAcid Sulfate Soils and Acidic Landscapes (DEC, 2009).


2. Acid Sulfate Soils

2.1 Background on Acid Sulfate SoilsThe classification of ASS includes both actual acid sulfate soils (AASS) and potential acid sulfate soils(PASS). AASS are soils that are generating acidity, whereas PASS are soils that have the potential togenerate acidity.

ASS are soils containing naturally-occurring, fine-grained metal sulfides typically pyrite (FeS2), formedunder saturated, anoxic/reducing conditions. They generally occur in Quaternary (1.8 Ma – Present)marine or estuarine sediments, predominantly confined to coastal lowlands (elevations generally below 5mAHD). Within these sediments, the majority of soils that present an environmental risk are generallyconfined to Holocene aged material (<10 000 years). Where these materials have oxidised, theycommonly have a mottled appearance (orange and yellow discolouration) due to the presence ofoxidised iron minerals.

Although soils described above represent typical conditions where ASS occurs, the presence of ASSmaterials is not limited to these soil types. In Western Australia, ASS materials have been identified inother soil types such as leached sands and silts. Accordingly, for areas where no data is available, theextent of ASS materials should be established through field investigations.

2.2 Potential Risks of AASS and PASSWhen PASS are disturbed, either by excavation or lowering of the watertable below natural seasonallevels, sulfides present are exposed to air, allowing oxidisation and consequently, the formation ofsulfuric acid (H2SO4). AASS are capable of generating acidity in situ in their natural state; disturbance isnot required for acidic discharges to develop.

As a result of the presence of AASS, or the oxidation of PASS, surrounding land (soil) and nearbywaterways may become acidic (pH <6.5). Under acidic conditions, metals such as aluminium (generallyat pH <4.5) and iron, as well as trace heavy metals (including arsenic), become more mobile in theenvironment and can be taken up by infiltrating waters. As a result, surface and/or groundwaterconcentrations of these metals may reach concentrations which have the potential to cause acute orchronic toxicity to sensitive terrestrial and aquatic plants and animals.

Acidic conditions generated by ASS can also corrode concrete and steel (pipes, bridge abutments,underground services, and other infrastructure) and can result in the rapid deterioration of asphaltsurfaces where they overlie AASS or PASS.

2.3 Management of ASSAvoiding or minimising the disturbance of ASS is the primary method of management. Where avoidingdisturbance is not possible, management techniques available for ASS can include:

Chemical neutralisation (use of pure fine agricultural lime (AgLime) or a similar neutralising agent);

Anoxic storage or placement of PASS below the water table and beneath clean non-ASS fill; and

Hydraulic separation of pyrite from the soil (high maintenance process suitable for coarse grainedsediment).


The addition of agricultural lime is the most common amelioration technique applied to acidic soils,where mechanical mixing is completed by plough or excavator to provide adequate homogeneity of thesoil/sediment-lime mix.

2.4 Legislative Requirements in Western AustraliaThe following legislative requirements often apply to works involving ASS.

2.4.1 Western Australian Planning Commission Bulletin 64

The recently amended Planning Bulletin 64/2009 (PB 64/09) aims to provide advice and guidance onmatters that should be taken into account in the rezoning, subdivision and development of landcontaining acid sulfate soils. PB 64/09 requires the identification, assessment and management of soilswhere:

The surface elevation is 5m AHD, and it is proposed to excavate 100m3 of soil;

Where the surface elevation is 5m AHD, and it is proposed to excavate 100m3, and theexcavation depth is 2m; or

Where any dewatering works are to be undertaken.

2.5 Environmental Protection Act 1986The Environmental Protection Act 1986 (EP Act 1986) provides for an Environmental ProtectionAuthority, for the prevention, control and abatement of pollution and environmental harm, for theconservation, preservation, protection, enhancement and management of the environment and formatters incidental to or connected with the foregoing.

To prevent environmental harm, the EP Act 1986 established under Section 50A, states that, A personwho –

(a) causes serious environmental harm; or

(b) allows serious environmental harm to be caused -

commits an offence.

Accordingly, all parties to a development must show that the environmental risk associated with thedevelopment has been assessed and minimised where possible.


3. Site Environmental Characteristics

3.1 Site DescriptionThere are six development areas around the immediate vicinity of Karratha town centre that wereincluded as part of this limited ASS investigation. These development areas are shown in Figure 1 withborehole sampling locations shown in Figure 2.

Site DA10 is located approximately 3 km to the east of Karratha town centre and occupies an area ofapproximately 781.7 hectares. The Site comprises a few tracks running parallel to the ocean and twomajor tracks perpendicular to it. The Site is bound to the west by Maitland Road and a residential areawhile Mystery Road runs to the north and Millstream Road runs through the centre of the Site. Soilsampling at the Site was undertaken at five locations with DA10 (BH3, BH4, BH5, BH6 and BH7).

Site DA28 is located to the north west of Karratha and is approximately 3.6 km away from the towncentre. The Site occupies an area of about 91.0 hectares. The Site is bound to the west by Millars Roadand to the south by Balmoral Road and a residential area. Soil sampling was conducted at 2 locationswithin this development area (BH1 and BH2).

Site DA13 and DA26 are located within 5-6 km to the west of Karratha town centre. Both Sites are boundto the south and north by Dampier Road. Site DA13 is also bound to the east by Madigan Road and tothe south by the Seven Mile Waste Disposal Facility. The DA13 and DA26 sites occupy an area of 189.5and 194.5 hectares respectively. Some industrial development is present along the eastern boundary ofSite DA13. Soil sampling was undertaken at one location within each Site (BH8 in DA26 and BH9 inDA13).

Sites DA14 and DA15 are located to the south-west of the town centre at about 6 to 7 km. They occupyareas of 406.4 and 578.9 hectares respectively. One major track separates the two Sites, running to thesouth of Site DA14 and to the north of Site DA15. Three sampling locations were undertaken in thesedevelopment areas (BH12 in DA14 and BH10 & BH11 in DA15).

3.2 Topography and Geology

3.2.1 Topography

Generally, the natural ground elevation across the six development areas gently undulates between 10mand 20mAHD. Elevation in the development areas DA14 and DA15 (approximately 3 kilometres south ofKarratha town site) increases to approximately 30mAHD in certain locations.

These elevations were interpolated from 10 m contour maps provided by Landgate (2011) via theShared Land Information Portal (SLIP).

3.2.2 Geology

The geological map for the area (Dampier – Barrow Sheet, 2001) indicate that the near surfacegeological formation within Site DA10 predominantly comprises colluvium sand, silt and gravel located inbetween areas of strongly foliated basalt, wind-blown eolian sand (red/yellow), shelly sand in coastaldunes and sheetwash sand, silt and clay with gilgai surfaces. Occasional ferruginous chert and bandediron formations are present to the north east of the Site.


The geology of Sites DA13 and DA15 mainly comprises sheetwash sand, silt and clay with gilgaisurfaces with some rare granitic intrusion The map also shows the presence of alluvial and colluviumsand, silt and clay with occasional lateritic surfaces to the southern side of Site DA15.

Sites DA28 and DA26 consist essentially of alluvial sand, silt and clay.

The geology of Site DA14 is quite complex compared to the other areas with the presence from north tosouth of wind-blown eolian sand followed by serpentinite, grey/white banded chert, intercalatedultramafic and mafic lava with thin chert units and sheetwash sand, silt and clay. A single graniticintrusion is present to the west of the Site whilst some Karratha granodiorite and strongly foliated basaltare present towards the eastern boundary of the Site.

A geotechnical site investigation was performed by GHD in August 2009 at Site DA13 (GHD, 2009)confirmed the geological conditions indicated on the regional geological map. The soil generallyconsisted of sandy clays (of alluvial origin) overlying clayey sandy gravels (of residual origin, derivedfrom weathering of granite bedrock) over weathered granite bedrock.

Site geology is presented in Figure 3.

3.3 Surface WaterThe Indian Ocean is located to the north of the study areas. The northern boundary of Site DA10 runsalong the coast and therefore is very close to the Indian Ocean. The other Sites are located between 2.8and 6 km away from the ocean. There are however no permanent natural watercourses or wetlandswithin the study areas. A few ephemeral creeks are located close to the Sites and are only flowingfollowing rainfall events.

3.4 GroundwaterGroundwater was not intersected during this ASS investigation, however a search of the Department ofWater WIN database was performed by GHD in 2010 (GHD 2010a) and indicated that two groundwaterbores were recorded within a 2 km radius of Site DA13. The groundwater depths recorded in thesebores ranged from 3.96 m to 4.72 m below ground level.

Groundwater levels (located south of Site DA13) were also recorded at the Seven Mile Waste DisposalFacility by Turton Geological Consultants and were estimated between 7.3 and 10.3 m bgl. Thisinvestigation also indicated a northwest groundwater flow direction towards Nickol Bay, consistent withthe groundwater levels of between 0.6 mAHD and 1.9 mAHD recorded in the immediate area of KarrathaAirport.

3.5 ASS Risk MappingA review of DEC ASS risk mapping available through the Landgate SLIP was undertaken for all of thedevelopments areas.

The ASS risk mapping is presented in Figure 4.

DA10

The risk mapping for this development indicates that the majority of the site overlies no known ASSdisturbance risk within 3 m of the natural soil surface with pockets of high to moderate ASS disturbance


risk to the north (closer to the coast) and east. There are also moderate to low ASS risk areas within theproposed development area.

DA14 & DA15

The risk mapping for these developments indicates that most of the site overlies no known ASSdisturbance risk within 3 m of the natural soil surface with long, thin pockets of moderate to low ASSdisturbance risk to the east of the proposed development areas.

DA13

The risk mapping for this development indicates that most of the site overlies no known ASS disturbancerisk within 3 m of the natural soil surface with a long, thick section of moderate to low ASS disturbancerisk to the west of the proposed development area, which runs north-south along a river.

DA26

The risk mapping for this development indicates that most of the site overlies no known ASS disturbancerisk within 3 m of the natural soil surface but is bordered to the north, east and west by areas ofmoderate to low ASS disturbance risk.

DA28

The risk mapping for this development indicates that the majority of the site overlies moderate to lowASS disturbance risk areas with an area of high to moderate ASS disturbance risk to the west and north(closer to the coast) within the proposed development area.

3.6 Historical ReportsGHD previously has undertaken a Preliminary ASS investigation for the Stage 1 works of the KarrathaSupport Industrial Estate, just to the east of Regals Valley precinct. The report was entitled: GHD 2011,Cossill and Webley Consulting Engineers, Report for Gap Ridge Industrial Estate, Preliminary AcidSulfate Soil Investigation, March 2011.

The investigation included a desktop study and soil sampling at 10 locations to a maximum depth of upto 2.5 m bgl.

The results of the investigation indicated:

The underlying geology on Site is consistent with low risk of ASS being present;

The components of the acidity trail, Titratable Actual Acidity (TAA) and Titratable Peroxide Acidity(TPA), were reported below the laboratory limit of reporting for all of the samples tested;

Peroxide Oxidisable Sulfur (SPOS) was reported below the assessment criteria for all samples testedwith the exception of two samples (SB01_1.5 m and SB03_1.25 m).

Net acidity values were all below the laboratory limit of reporting for all the samples tested with theexception of SB01_1.5 m and SB03_1.25 m. Both these sample locations had pHKCl values of greaterthan 6.5 (pHKCl 8.7 and 8.8 respectively) and the net acidity was less than 10% of the Acid NeutralisingCapacity (ANC) of the sample. Although the net acidity of these two samples exceeded the actioncriteria, the DEC agreed with GHDs conclusion that soil was considered to have sufficient naturalbuffering capacity to neutralise any potential acid generation.


4. ASS Field Investigation

4.1 Sampling LocationsA total of 12 sampling locations were hand augered in the six development areas as outlined in Table 1below.

Table 1 Karratha Precincts, Associated Development Areas (DA) and Borehole IDs

Precinct DevelopmentArea

Area

(in hectares)

Borehole IDs

Gap Ridge /Seven Mile

DA 13

DA 26

189.5

194.5

BH9

BH8

Nickol / Baynton DA 28 91.0 BH1, BH2

Regals Valley DA 14

DA 15

406.4

578.9

BH12

BH10, BH11

Mulataga DA10 781.8 BH3, BH4, BH5, BH6, BH7

Soil sampling for laboratory analysis was carried out to a maximum depth of 2.5 m bgl. The 12 locationswere sampled on the 15th and 16th August 2011. The work was carried out with reference to DEC’sguidelines, Identification and Investigation of Acid Sulfate Soils and Acidic Landscapes (DEC, 2009).

The sampling locations are provided in Figure 2.

4.2 Soil SamplingHand augered soil cores were sampled at 0.5 m intervals. Samples were placed in zip lock bags with theair excluded and placed on ice before being frozen in a freezer at the end of each working day. A total of46 samples (including 2 duplicates) were collected. The samples were stored on ice and delivered to theNATA accredited ALS Laboratory in Malaga, Perth

The soil bores were logged in accordance with standard internal GHD logging procedures.

4.3 Quality Assurance and Quality ControlQuality Assurance and Quality Control involved following the procedures outlined in the DEC’s AcidSulfate Soil and Contaminated Sites Guideline Series, Australian Standard 4482.1 and GHD’s internalsampling procedures. Quality Assurance and Quality Control results are discussed in detail in Section 7.


5. Laboratory Analysis – Technical Background

5.1 pH Field ScreeningField pH testing1 provides a preliminary indication of existing soil pH ( pHF) and the potential pH of thesoil following oxidisation (pHFOX). Table 2 summarises the soil pH trigger values set out in theIdentification and Investigation of Acid Sulfate Soils and Acidic Landscapes (DEC, 2009) that are usedas a preliminary screening tool to identify both Actual Acid Sulfate Soils (AASS) and Potential AcidSulfate Soils (PASS).

Table 2 Field Testing Classifications

Soil pH Indication

4.0 < pHF 5.5 (1) Acidic Soil

pHF 4.0 AASS

pHFOX < 3.0 (2) PASS likely

pH > 2.0 (3) PASS likely

(1) pHFis the in situ pH of the soils(2) pHFOX is the pH measured after the sample has been fully oxidised using H2O2.(3) pH is the difference in pH before and after oxidation.

5.2 Confirmatory laboratory testing: Suspension Peroxide Oxidation CombinedAcidity and Sulfate (SPOCAS)SPOCAS analysis is an acid-base counting process which allows the determination of the net effect ofacid generation and consideration of the acid neutralising components (base) within soil samples. Giventhe leached, naturally acidic nature of soils in Western Australia, the DEC has stated that it prefers theSPOCAS method of analysis (DEC, 2009).

The net acidity, as outlined in Identification and Investigation of Acid Sulfate Soils and AcidicLandscapes (DEC, 2009), is:

Net acidity2 = Potential Acidity + Existing Acidity – Acid Neutralising Capacity3

The trigger levels for net acidity based upon soil texture are presented in Table 3. The acidity trailcomprises several components including TAA, TPA, TSA, SPOS and ANC. These are described in detailin the glossary in Appendix A.

1 Although referred to as field testing, these tests are generally conducted in a laboratory due to the health and safety issuesrelated to the handling of hydrogen peroxide.2 Equation has been extracted from the DEC guidelines, Identification and Investigation of Acid Sulfate and AcidicLandscapes(May, 2009)3 Due to the particular characteristics of the soil and groundwater regime in Western Australia, DEC does not recognise the validityof ANC values without confirmatory kinetic testing to provide a more accurate estimate of the actual amount of ANC that would beavailable under real field conditions. However, there may be instances where the net acidity exceeds the criteria however is lessthan 10% of the ANC. In some instances, this may be considered as a sufficient potential acid buffer.


Table 3 Action Criteria Based on Net Acidity for Three Texture Categories

Soil Texture Clay Content(%)

< 1,000 Tonnes Disturbed > 1,000 Tonnes Disturbed

% S mol H+/tonne % S mol H+/tonne

Coarse (sands – gravels) < 5 0.03 18.7 0.03 18.7

Medium (sandy loam – lightclay) 5 – 40 0.06 37.4 0.03 18.7

Fine (medium to heavyclays, silty clays) > 40 0.10 64.8 0.03 18.7

Materials containing net acidity in excess of the values presented in Table 2 are deemed to be soils thatrequire treatment. Soils investigated in this study consisted of predominantly coarse grained materials;hence a conservative action criteria of 18.7 mol H+/tonne (or 0.03 %S) has been adopted.


6. Results and Discussion

Hand augered borehole logs are provided in Appendix B. A summary table of ASS laboratory results areprovided in Appendix D and the associated laboratory certificates are presented in Appendix C.

6.1 Soil LithologyA map showing the different geologies underlying the development areas is shown in Figure 3.

Soils encountered at each of the development areas generally agree with the lithologies outlined in thegeology mapping section of the desktop study in Sections 3.2 as well as the other Karratha ASSinvestigation conducted by GHD (GHD 2011).

The strata encountered during this investigation consisted of the following materials:

Sand, pale brown/orange, medium to coarse grained, moderately sorted with some horizonscontaining shell fragments;

Sand, pale brown/grey, medium to coarse grained, moderately sorted with some horizons containingshell fragments;

Sandy Clay, red/brown and pale brown, course grained sand, low plasticity;

Gravelly Clay, brown, coarse grain gravel, generally low to moderate plasticity; and

Clay (including gilgai clays), red/brown, variable plasticity.

6.2 GroundwaterGroundwater was encountered at the following locations and depths:

BH2 at 1.5 m bgl (refusal on gravelly brown clay at 2.0 m bgl)

BH4 at 1.5 m bgl (refusal on indurated sand/bedrock at 2.0 m bgl)

BH5 at 0.5 m bgl (refusal on clay/bedrock at 1.3 m bgl)

No groundwater samples were obtained during the limited ASS investigation.

6.3 pH Screening ResultsA total of 44 primary samples plus 2 duplicates (collected from 12 locations) were submitted to ALS forpHF and pHFOX rapid field screening.

Values for pHF ranged from 6.3 to 9.4 with values for pHFOX ranging from 6.8 to 10.1. The pH, (which isdefined as pHF minus pHFOX) ranged between -0.6 and 2.0.

The results suggest that the majority of the samples contain neutral to alkaline soils. Analysis of pHvalues does not indicate a large potential for the generation of acidity upon oxidation within the soils, inaddition even if these soils were to oxidise, it is likely that a neutral to alkaline soil would result.

A summary of the outliers of the pH screening results for the Site are presented in Table 4.


Table 4 pH Criteria Outliers

Parameter and trigger levels Outliers Indication

4.0 < pHF 5.5 Nil Acidic Soil

pHF 4.0 Nil AASS

pHFOX < 3.0 Nil PASS likely

pH 2.0 DA10_BH3_0.0m

DA10_BH4_1.0m

PASS likely

The field screening results are strongly indicative of the presence of minimal ASS materials at thesample locations. The pH screening criteria was marginally exceeded in 2 samples (DA10_BH3_0.0mand DA10_BH4_1.0m) however these appear to be naturally alkaline soils (pHF 8.8 and 8.9respectively). None of the samples generated a pHFOX less than 3.

To confirm the low to negligible risk of ASS across the development areas, SPOCAS analysis wasconducted on 11 of the samples (plus two duplicate samples for QA/QC purposes).

6.4 SPOCASBased on the coarse texture category adopted, two of the samples analysed (DA10_BH4_1.0m andDA10_BH4_2.0m) reported net acidity concentrations above the action criteria of 18.7 mol H+/tonne. Keyfindings of the SPOCAS testing include:

The TAA results (measure of actual acidity) reported results below the LOR for all samples. Thisindicates that actual acidity is not present in the samples collected.

The TPA (measure of potential acidity) values were below the LOR for all samples. This indicates thatthere is very low potential acidity within the samples collected.

The SPOS (estimation of soil sulfide content) ranged from <5 to 28 mol H+/tonne. Only two samplesfrom the same location (DA10_BH4_1.0m and DA10_BH4_2.0m) were identified above the adoptedassessment criteria of 18.7 mol H+/tonne. Both these samples had pHKCl values of greater than 6.5 (bothhad a pHKCl 9.8) and therefore had excess acid neutralising capacity (ANC) calculated.

The presence of acid neutralising materials was significant in all locations with values ranging from 204to 9,560 mol H+/tonne equivalent neutralising capacity. The two samples that recorded net aciditiesabove the action criteria (DA10_BH4_1.0m and DA10_BH4_2.0m) had ANC values of 5,460 and7,050 mol H+/tonne respectively . This correlates to the net acidity concentrations being less than 1% ofthe ANC in the sample. This indicates that in the event of possible acid generation from oxidation of thelow content of naturally present sulfides at DA10_BH4, the soil materials present onsite have a highcapacity to neutralise any potential acid generation.

Due to the particular characteristics of the soil and groundwater regime in Western Australia, the DECdoes not usually recognise the validity of ANC values without confirmatory kinetic testing to provide amore accurate estimate of the actual amount of ANC that would actually be “available” under real fieldconditions. However the DEC have stated that in some instances where the net acidity exceeds thecriteria but accounts for less than 10% of the ANC, that this is considered to have sufficient acidbuffering potential. As such, the soil (although containing minor amounts of sulfides) is considered to


have sufficient natural buffering capacity to neutralise any potential acid generation that may result fromoxidation of naturally present sulfide materials. Results indicate that all other sample locations within thedevelopment areas have limited to negligible amounts of sulfide bearing minerals.

6.5 SummaryBased on the laboratory analyses carried out on the samples taken from the site and associated netacidity values, it is GHD’s opinion that management measures pertaining to ASS would not likely berequired during construction works anticipated to take place at the sites.

With the exception of two samples from DA10_BH4, all samples analysed for SPOCAS returned resultsbelow the action criteria. Given relatively low net acidities and very high ANC values in the samples fromDA10_BH4, GHD considers that there is minimal risk of acid generation onsite due to the sufficientnatural buffering capacity in the soil.


7. Quality Assurance/Quality Control

7.1 IntroductionQuality Assurance and quality control requirements were undertaken in accordance with Section 8.2 ofDEC(2009). The GHD internal QA/QC results are presented in Appendix E while the laboratory QA/QCresults are presented with the Laboratory Certificates in Appendix C and are discussed in the followingsections.

ALS Laboratory is accredited by the National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) for the analysesperformed. The internal laboratory Quality Assurance results are presented in Appendix E.

7.2 Field QA/QCGHD recorded field observations on GHD standard soil logging sheets and all samples were sent to thelaboratory with a Chain of Custody (COC) form, COCs are provided in Appendix E.

Samples were collected by hand with a dedicated pair of nitrile gloves for every sample to minimise therisk of cross contamination between samples.

7.2.1 Field Duplicates – Relative Percentage Differences

During the soil investigation, 2 field duplicates were collected for the purposes of QA/QC.

A quantitative measure of the precision of the analytical results is made by calculating the RelativePercent Difference (RPD) between primary and duplicate results in accordance with the proceduredescribed in AS 4482.1 Guide to the sampling and investigation of potentially contaminated soil Part 1:Non-volatile and semi-volatile compounds (DEP 2001). According to AS 4482.1 typical RPD’s rangebetween 30% and 50%, however AS 4482.1 recognises that this may be higher for low concentrations ofanalytes. GHD considers the RPD acceptable, if it is less than 50 percent and where the concentrationsare more than 10 times the limit of reporting. This acceptance criterion is based on the criteria listed inAS 4482.1 (2005). RPD calculation results are provided in Appendix E.

A total of 10 RPDs were calculated for the soil investigation with no exceedances of the adopted criteria.

7.3 Laboratory QA/QCALS Laboratory is accredited by the National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA) for the analysesperformed. The internal laboratory Quality Assurance results are presented in Appendix E.

Internal laboratory QA/QC results for the soil investigation are as follows:

No holding time breaches were observed;

No method blank outliers occurred;

No duplicate outliers occurred; and

No matrix spike outliers occurred.


7.4 Summary of QA/QCThe review of the laboratory and field quality assurance and quality control data indicates that theanalytical data is considered to be of an adequate quality upon which to draw meaningful conclusionsregarding the presence of ASS across the development areas.


8. Conclusions and Recommendations

8.1 ConclusionsLandCorp commissioned GHD to undertake a Preliminary ASS Investigation within a number ofprecincts and their proposed development areas (DA’s) in Karratha, Western Australia to determine thepotential presence of ASS.

Based upon the findings of this investigation, the following conclusions can been drawn:

The geology and soil types on Site are consistent with relatively low ASS risk;

The components of the acidity trail (TAA, TPA) were below the laboratory limit of reporting for all ofthe samples tested;

There were only two exceedances of the net acidity criteria of 18.7 mol H+/tonne with all of the othersamples returning net acidities below the laboratory limit of reporting;

All samples analysed for SPOCAS contained significant amounts of buffering materials as indicatedby ANC;

The samples with the two exceedances had net acidity values of less than 1% of the sample’sequivalent ANC.

Based on the above conclusions, the potential ASS risk at the site is considered to be low to very low atthis time. In the event of any possible oxidation of the naturally present sulphides (albeit at low levels)within development area DA10, the soil materials present onsite likely have sufficient buffering capacityto neutralise any potential acid generation.

8.2 RecommendationsBased on the findings of this investigation, management measures pertaining to ASS would not likely berequired during any construction works. In addition no further ASS investigations or management arelikely to be required with regards to the excavation and reuse of the materials for development workswithin any of the development areas.

Groundwater encountered at the site was not tested as significant dewatering works were notanticipated. Although the site has a low ASS risk, if dewatering is required as part of construction,groundwater sampling and analysis is recommended prior to disposal into sensitive environmentalsurface or groundwater bodies.


9. References

Department of Environment (2009). Acid Sulfate Soils Guideline Series. Identification and Investigationof Acid Sulfate Soils and Acidic Landscapes. Perth, WA. May, 2009.

Department of Environment (2011). Acid Sulfate Soils Guideline Series. Treatment and management ofsoils and water in acid sulfate soils landscapes. Perth, WA. July, 2011.

GHD 2011, Cossill and Webley Consulting Engineers, Report for Gap Ridge Industrial Estate,Preliminary Acid Sulfate Soil Investigation, March 2011.

Hickman, A.H. (1997) Dampier, W.A. Sheet 2256: Western Australia Geological Survey, 1:100 000Geological Series

Western Australian Planning Commission (2003). Planning Bulletin Number 64. Acid Sulfate Soils.November, 2009.


Figures

Figure 1 Site Locality Plan

Figure 2 Sampling Locations

Figure 3 Site Geology

Figure 4 Acid Sulfate Soils Risk Map

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Dat

e21

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1

Land

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Appendix A

Glossary


(Acid) Fizz test: The field test used for soils to test for the presence of carbonate minerals, wherebydilute hydrochloric acid is added to the soil. An effervescent fizzing reaction indicates the presence ofcarbonate minerals.

AASS: Actual acid sulfate soils.

Acid Base Accounting (ABA): The process by which the various acid-producing components of the soilare compared with the acid neutralising components so that the soil’s net acidity can be calculated.

Action criteria: The critical net acidity values (expressed in units of equivalent % pyrite sulfur, orequivalent mol H+/t) for different soil texture groups and sizes of soil disturbance that trigger the need forASS management.

Actual Acidity: A component of existing acidity. The soluble and exchangeable acidity already presentin the soil, often as a consequence of previous oxidation of sulfides. It is this acidity that will be mobilisedand discharged following a rainfall event. It is measured in the laboratory using the TAA method. It doesnot include the less soluble acidity (i.e. retained acidity) held in hydroxy-sulfate minerals such as jarosite.

ANC: Acid neutralising capacity. A measure of a soil’s inherent ability to buffer acidity and resist thelowering of the soil pH.

ANCBT: Acid neutralising capacity by back titration. Acid neutralising capacity measured by acid digestfollowed by back titration of the acid that has not been consumed.

ANCE: Excess acid neutralising capacity. Found in soils with acid neutralising capacity in excess of thatneeded to neutralise the acidity generated by oxidation of sulfides. The soil is oxidised with peroxide,then a titration is performed with dilute hydrochloric acid to a pH of 4, followed by a second peroxidedigestion. If a soil has a positive ANCE result then the TPA result is zero and vice versa.

CaHCl: Calcium soluble in 4 M HCl, which includes soluble and exchangeable calcium as well as calciumfound in certain carbonate minerals (e.g. dolomite, calcite, aragonite).

CaKCl: Potassium chloride extractable calcium measured following the TAA analysis, which includessoluble and exchangeable calcium as well as calcium from gypsum.

CaNAS: Net acid soluble calcium. The calcium soluble in 4 M HCl that is not soluble in 1 M KCl. (CaHCl –CaKCl). It can be used (in combination with MgNAS) to provide an estimate of the soil carbonate content,but may be an overestimate if calcium is dissolved from non-carbonate or non-acid-neutralising minerals.

CaP: Peroxide calcium. Calcium measured following the TPA analysis, which includes soluble andexchangeable calcium, calcium from gypsum, as well as calcium (e.g. from carbonates) dissolved as aresult of acid produced due to oxidation of sulfides by peroxide.

Chromium Suite: The acid base accounting approach used to calculate net acidity which uses thechromium reducible sulfur method to determine potential sulfidic acidity. A decision tree approach basedon the pHKCl result is then used to determine the other components of the acid base account.

CIN: Inorganic carbon. (CT – CTO). It is used to estimate the carbonate content of the soil.

CRS: The acronym often given to the Chromium Reducible Sulfur method.

CT: Total carbon. A measure of the total carbon content of the soil, encompassing both organic andinorganic forms.


CTO: Total organic carbon. The carbon in sample measured following a sulfurous acid digestionprocedure used to remove carbonate carbon.

Existing Acidity: The acidity already present in acid sulfate soils, usually as a result of oxidation ofsulfides, but which can also be from organic material or acidic cations. It can be further sub-divided intoactual and retained acidity, i.e. Existing Acidity = Actual Acidity + Retained Acidity.

Fineness factor: A factor applied to the acid neutralising capacity result in the acid base account toallow for the poor reactivity of coarser carbonate or other acid neutralising material. The minimum factoris 1.5 for finely divided pure agricultural lime, but may be as high as 3.0 for coarser shell material.

Jarosite: Jarosite is a characteristic pale yellow mineral deposit that can precipitate as pore fillings andcoatings on fissures. Where there is a fluctuating watertable, jarosite may be found along cracks and rootchannels in the soil. However, jarosite is not always found in AASS.

MgA: Reacted magnesium. The magnesium soluble after the peroxide digest and TPA titration that wasnot soluble following KCl-extraction and TAA titration. (MgP – MgKCl). It can be used (in combination withCaA) to provide an estimate of the soil carbonate content, but may be an underestimate if the HCltitrationto pH 4 has not been performed as part of the TPA/ANCE procedure.

MgHCl: Magnesium soluble in 4 M HCl, which includes soluble and exchangeable magnesium as well asmagnesium found in certain carbonate minerals (e.g. dolomite, magnesite).

MgKCl: Potassium chloride extractable magnesium measured following the TAA analysis, which includessoluble and exchangeable magnesium.

MgNAS: Net acid soluble magnesium. The calcium soluble in 4 M HCl that is not soluble in 1 M KCl.(MgHCl – MgKCl). It can be used (in combination with CaNAS) to provide an estimate of the soil carbonatecontent, but may be an overestimate if magnesium is dissolved from noncarbonated or non-acidneutralising minerals.

MgP: Peroxide magnesium. Magnesium measured following the TPA analysis, which includes solubleand exchangeable magnesium, as well as magnesium (e.g. from carbonates) dissolved as a result ofacid produced due to oxidation of sulfides by peroxide.

Monosulfides: The term given to the highly reactive iron sulfide minerals found in ASS that have theapproximate formula ‘FeS’ and which are soluble in hydrochloric acid (as opposed to iron disulfides suchas pyrite that are not appreciably soluble in hydrochloric acid).

Monosulfidic Black Ooze (MBO): The term used to describe black, oily in appearance, gel-likesubstances (moisture content >70%), greatly enriched in monosulfides (up to 27%), high in organicmatter (usually 10% organic carbon) and can form thick (>1.0m) accumulations in waterways, includingdrains, in acid sulfate soil landscapes.

Net Acidity: The result obtained when the values for various components of soil acidity and acidneutralising capacity are substituted into the Acid Base Accounting equation. Calculated as: Net Acidity =Potential Sulfidic Acidity + Existing Acidity – (Acid Neutralising Capacity/Fineness Factor)

PASS: Potential acid sulfate soils.

pHF: Field pH. Field determination of pH in a soil: water paste.

pHFOX: Field peroxide pH. Field determination of pH in a soil:water mixture following reaction withhydrogen peroxide.


pHKCl: Potassium chloride pH. pH in a 1:40 (W/V) suspension of soil in a solution of 1 M potassiumchloride measured prior to TAA titration.

pHOX: Peroxide oxidised pH. pH in a suspension of soil in a solution after hydrogen peroxide digestion inthe SPOCAS method.

POCAS: An acronym standing for Peroxide Oxidation Combined Acidity and Sulfate method (MethodCode 21). This method has been superseded by the SPOCAS method.

POCASm: An acronym standing for the modified Peroxide Oxidation Combined Acidity and Sulfatemethod. This method has been superseded by the SPOCAS method.

Potential (sulfidic) acidity: The latent acidity in ASS that will be released if the sulfide minerals theycontain (e.g. pyrite) are fully oxidised. It can be estimated by titration (i.e. TSA) if no acid neutralisingmaterial is present, or calculated from SPOS or SCR results.

Retained Acidity: The ‘less available’ fraction of the existing acidity (not measured by the TAA) that maybe released slowly into the environment by hydrolysis of relatively insoluble sulfate salts (such asjarosite, natrojarosite, and other iron and aluminium hydroxy-sulfate minerals).

SCR: The symbol given to the result from the Chromium Reducible Sulfur method (Method 22B). The SCR

method provides a measure of reduced inorganic sulfide content using iodometric titration after an acidicchromous chloride reduction. This method is not subject to interferences from organic sulfur.

SHCl: Sulfur soluble in 4 M HCl which includes soluble and adsorbed sulfate, sulfate from gypsum, as wellas sulfate from hydroxy-sulfate minerals such as jarosite and natrojarosite.

SKCl: Potassium chloride extractable sulfur measured following the TAA analysis, which includes solubleand adsorbed sulfate as well as sulfate from gypsum.

SNAS: Net acid soluble sulfur (SHCl – SKCl). The sulfur soluble in 4 M HCl that is not soluble in 1 M KCl. Itprovides an estimate of the sulfate contained in jarosite and similar low solubility hydroxy-sulfateminerals (and can be used to estimate retained acidity).

SP: Peroxide sulfur. Sulfur measured following the TPA analysis, which includes soluble andexchangeable sulfate, sulfate from gypsum, as well as sulfide converted to sulfate and that released fromorganic matter as a result of peroxide oxidation.

SPOS: Peroxide oxidisable sulfur from the SPOCAS method. The sulfur soluble after the peroxide digestand TPA titration that was not soluble following KCl-extraction and TAA titration. (SP – SKCl). It providesan estimate of the soil sulfide content, but is affected by the presence of organic sulfur.

SRAS: Residual acid soluble sulfur. The sulfur measured by 4 M HCl extraction on the soil residueremaining after peroxide digestion and TPA titration of the SPOCAS method. It provides an estimate ofthe sulfate contained in jarosite and similar low solubility hydroxy-sulfate minerals (and can be used toestimate retained acidity).

ST: Total sulfur. A measure of the total sulfur content of the soil, encompassing both organic andinorganic forms.

STOS: Total oxidisable sulfur. An estimate of soil oxidisable sulfur made from determining the sulfur notsoluble in 4 M HCl. (ST – SHCl). It tends to provide an overestimate of soil sulfide content.


Self-neutralising soils: This term is given to ASS where there is sufficient acid neutralising capacity(with the relevant safety factor applied) to neutralise the potential sulfidic acidity held in the soil (i.e. thenet acidity from the Acid Base Account is zero or negative). Soils may be ‘self-neutralising’ due to anabundance of naturally occurring calcium or magnesium carbonates (e.g. crushed shells, marine animalexoskeletons, coral) or other acid-neutralising material.

SPOCAS: An acronym standing for Suspension Peroxide Oxidation Combined Acidity and Sulfur method(Method Code 23), the peroxide-based method that supersedes the previous POCAS and POCASmmethods.

SPOCAS Suite: The acid base accounting approached used to calculate net acidity based on theSuspension Peroxide Oxidation Combined Acidity and Sulfur method. A decision tree approach based onthe values of pHKCl and pHOX is used to decide what analytical path is followed in order to allowcalculation of net acidity.

TAA: Titratable actual acidity. The acidity measured by titration with dilute NaOH following extractionwith KCl-solution in the SPOCAS method. Previously referred to as Total Actual Acidity in the POCASand POCASm methods.

TPA: Titratable peroxide acidity. The acidity measured by titration with dilute NaOH following peroxidedigestion in the SPOCAS method. Previously referred to as Total Potential Acidity in the POCAS andPOCASm methods.

TSA: Titratable sulfidic acidity. The difference in acidity measured by titration with dilute NaOH followingextraction with KCl-solution and the acidity titrated following peroxide digestion in the SPOCAS method.

(TPA – TAA): Previously referred to as Total Sulfidic Acidity in the POCAS and POCASm methods.


Appendix B

Hand Auger Bore Logs

BOREHOLE LOGEnvironmental - Hand Auger

Bore No.:

Page: 1 of 1

Client:Project:Job No.:Location:Date Drilled:

Total Depth (m):

Easting:Northing:Augered by:

Logged by: Checked by:

NOTES:

Dep

th (m

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

Sam

ple

Met

hod

PID

(ppm

) Sample ID

Gra

phic

Log

SOIL DESCRIPTIONSoil Type (Classification Group Symbol); Particle

Size; Colour; Secondary / Minor Components.

Moi

stur

e C

ondi

tion

CONTAMINANT INDICATORSOdours, staining, waste materials,

separate phase liquids, imported fill,ash.

Dep

th/

Elev

atio

n (m

)

GHD Soil Classifications: The GHD Soil Classification is based on Australian Standards AS 1726-1993.

BH1

LandCorpKarratha TPS Amendment ASS Investigation61/27315DA28

15/08/20111.0

4797407708162

EL

EL AB

HandAuger

DA28-BH1_0.0

Ground SurfaceCLAY (GILGAI)Red/brown

CLAYRed/brown

SANDY CLAYRed/brown

BoH at 1.0 m

Dry pH (F): 7.1 and pH (Fox): 6.8

pH (F): 7.9 and pH (Fox): 7.4

pH (F): 7.7 and pH (Fox): 7.1

0.000.00

-0.200.20

-0.700.70

-1.001.00


Bore No.:

Page: 1 of 1


Total Depth (m):



NOTES:

Dep

th (m

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

Sam

ple

Met

hod

PID

(ppm

) Sample ID

Gra

phic

Log



Moi

stur

e C

ondi

tion



Dep

th/

Elev

atio

n (m

)


BH2


15/08/20112.0

4795427708687

GG

EL AB

HandAuger

DA28-BH2_0.0

DA28-BH2_0.5

DA28-BH2_1.0

DA28-BH2_1.5

DA28-BH2_2.0

Ground SurfaceCLAYLight brown

CLAYBrown

GRAVELLY CLAYBrown

BoH at 2.0 m

Dry

Moist

Wet

pH (F): 8.2 and pH (FOX): 7.6

pH (F): 8.2 and pH (FOX): 8.2

pH (F): 8.2 and pH (FOX): 7.7

pH (F): 8.2 and pH (FOX): 8.5

pH (F): 8.1 and pH (FOX): 8.4

0.000.00

-0.200.20

-1.001.00

-2.002.00


Bore No.:

Page: 1 of 1


Total Depth (m):



NOTES:

Dep

th (m

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

Sam

ple

Met

hod

PID

(ppm

) Sample ID

Gra

phic

Log



Moi

stur

e C

ondi

tion



Dep

th/

Elev

atio

n (m

)


BH3


15/08/20112.5

4877167708643

GG

EL AB

HandAuger

DA10-BH3_0.0

DA10-BH3_0.5

DA10-BH3_1.0

DA10-BH3_1.5

DA10-BH3_2.0

DA10-BH3_2.5

Ground SurfaceSANDLight brown/orange, medium to coarse grained,moderately sorted

SANDBrown, medium to coarse grained, moderatelysorted with some shell fragments

BoH at 2.5 m

Dry

Moist

pH (F): 8.9 and pH (Fox): 6.9

pH (F): 9.2 and pH (Fox): 8

pH (F): 9.4 and pH (Fox): 8.6

pH (F): 9.4 and pH (Fox): 9.9

pH (F): 9.5 and pH (Fox): 10.1

pH (F): 9.4 and pH (Fox): 8.7

0.000.00

-0.200.20

-2.502.50


Bore No.:

Page: 1 of 1


Total Depth (m):



NOTES:

Dep

th (m

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

Sam

ple

Met

hod

PID

(ppm

) Sample ID

Gra

phic

Log



Moi

stur

e C

ondi

tion



Dep

th/

Elev

atio

n (m

)


BH4


15/08/20112.0

4802847707942

GG

EL AB

HandAuger

DA10-BH4_0.0

DA10-BH4_0.5

DA10-BH4_1.0

DA10-BH4_1.5

DA10-BH4_2.0

Ground SurfaceSANDLight brown/grey, medium to coarse grained,moderately sorted with some shell fragments

SANDBrown/orange, medium to coarse grained,moderately sorted with some shell fragments

BoH at 2 m

Dry

Moist

Wet

pH (F): 8.7 and pH (Fox): 6.8

pH (F): 8.5 and pH (Fox): 6.7

pH (F): 8.8 and pH (Fox): 6.8

pH (F): 8.8 and pH (Fox): 6.9

pH (F): 8.2 and pH (Fox): 6.9

0.000.00

-1.001.00

-2.002.00


Bore No.:

Page: 1 of 1


Total Depth (m):



NOTES:

Dep

th (m

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

Sam

ple

Met

hod

PID

(ppm

) Sample ID

Gra

phic

Log



Moi

stur

e C

ondi

tion



Dep

th/

Elev

atio

n (m

)


BH5


15/08/20111.3

4890787707280

GG

EL AB

HandAuger

DA10-BH5_0.0

QA01

DA10-BH5_0.5

DA10-BH5_1.0

DA10-BH5_1.5

Ground SurfaceSANDY CLAYLight brown

CLAYDark brown becoming red with depth

BoH at 1.3 m

Dry

Wet

pH (F): 8 and pH (Fox): 6.9

pH (F): 8.1 and pH (Fox): 7.5

pH (F): 8.1 and pH (Fox): 8.6

pH (F): 8.3 and pH (Fox): 8.7

0.000.00

-0.500.50

-1.301.30


Bore No.:

Page: 1 of 1


Total Depth (m):



NOTES:

Dep

th (m

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

Sam

ple

Met

hod

PID

(ppm

) Sample ID

Gra

phic

Log



Moi

stur

e C

ondi

tion



Dep

th/

Elev

atio

n (m

)


BH6


15/08/20110.8

4890787707280

GG

EL AB

HandAuger

DA10-BH6_0.0

DA10-BH6_0.5

DA10-BH6_0.7

Ground SurfaceCLAYBrown with some cobbles

CLAYDark brown with some cobbles

CLAYDark brown with yellow mottles and somecobblesBoH at 0.8 m

Moist pH (F): 7.7 and pH (Fox): 6.2

pH (F): 8.2 and pH (Fox): 7.7

pH (F): 7.9 and pH (Fox): 6.5

0.000.00

-0.500.50

-0.700.70

-0.800.80


Bore No.:

Page: 1 of 1


Total Depth (m):



NOTES:

Dep

th (m

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

Sam

ple

Met

hod

PID

(ppm

) Sample ID

Gra

phic

Log



Moi

stur

e C

ondi

tion



Dep

th/

Elev

atio

n (m

)


BH7


15/08/20110.5

4877977707512

GG

EL AB

HandAuger

DA10-BH7_0.0

DA10-BH7_0.5

Ground SurfaceSANDBrown/orange with some cobbles

BoH at 0.5 m



0.000.00

-0.500.50


Bore No.:

Page: 1 of 1


Total Depth (m):



NOTES:

Dep

th (m

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

Sam

ple

Met

hod

PID

(ppm

) Sample ID

Gra

phic

Log



Moi

stur

e C

ondi

tion



Dep

th/

Elev

atio

n (m

)


BH8


16/08/20112.5

4780577706851

GG

EL AB

HandAuger

DA26-BH8_0.0

DA26-BH8_0.5

DA26-BH8_1.0

DA26-BH8_1.5

DA26-BH8_2.0

DA26-BH8_2.5

Ground SurfaceCLAY (GILGAI)Brown with some cobbles

BoH at 2.5 m

Dry

Moist

pH (F):7.8 and pH (Fox): 6.5

pH (F):8.4 and pH (Fox): 8

pH (F):7.8 and pH (Fox): 8


pH (F): 7.7 and pH (Fox): 8.2

pH (F): 7.6 and pH (Fox): 7.3

0.000.00

-2.502.50


Bore No.:

Page: 1 of 1


Total Depth (m):



NOTES:

Dep

th (m

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

Sam

ple

Met

hod

PID

(ppm

) Sample ID

Gra

phic

Log



Moi

stur

e C

ondi

tion



Dep

th/

Elev

atio

n (m

)


BH9


16/08/20111.5

4770017705238

GG

EL AB

HandAuger

DA13-BH9_0.0

DA13-BH9_0.5

DA13-BH9_1.0

DA13-BH9_1.5

QA02

Ground SurfaceSANDY CLAYBrown

SANDYellow/white, fine to medium grained with somequartz cobbles

BoH at 1.5 m

Dry

Moist

pH (F): 8.1 and pH (Fox): 8.2

pH (F): 8.6 and pH (Fox): 9.2

pH (F): 9.4 and pH (Fox): 9.9

pH (F): 9.3 and pH (Fox): 9.7

0.000.00

-0.700.70

-1.501.50


Bore No.:

Page: 1 of 1


Total Depth (m):



NOTES:

Dep

th (m

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

Sam

ple

Met

hod

PID

(ppm

) Sample ID

Gra

phic

Log



Moi

stur

e C

ondi

tion



Dep

th/

Elev

atio

n (m

)


BH10


16/08/20110.5

4809997703011

GG

EL AB

HandAuger

DA15_BH10_0.0

DA15_BH10_0.5

Ground SurfaceCLAY LOAMBrown/orange

CLAY LOAMBrown

BoH at 0.5 m


pH (F): 7.9 and pH (Fox): 7.4

0.000.00

-0.100.10

-0.500.50


Bore No.:

Page: 1 of 1


Total Depth (m):



NOTES:

Dep

th (m

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

Sam

ple

Met

hod

PID

(ppm

) Sample ID

Gra

phic

Log



Moi

stur

e C

ondi

tion



Dep

th/

Elev

atio

n (m

)


BH11


16/08/20110.5

4810097701537

GG

EL AB

HandAuger

DA15-BH11_0.0

DA15-BH11_0.5

Ground SurfaceCLAY LOAMBrown/orange

CLAY LOAMBrown

BoH at 0.5 m


pH (F): 6.3 and pH (Fox): 5.9

0.000.00

-0.100.10

-0.500.50


Bore No.:

Page: 1 of 1


Total Depth (m):



NOTES:

Dep

th (m

)

0.0

1.0

2.0

Sam

ple

Met

hod

PID

(ppm

) Sample ID

Gra

phic

Log



Moi

stur

e C

ondi

tion



Dep

th/

Elev

atio

n (m

)


BH12


16/08/20110.5

4794077703617

GG

EL AB

HandAuger

DA14-BH12_0.0

DA14-BH12_0.5

Ground SurfaceLOAMBrown/orange

LOAMBrown with some cobbles

BoH at 0.5 m



0.000.00

-0.100.10

-0.500.50


Appendix C

Laboratory Certificates


Appendix D

Acid Sulfate Soil Summary Table

ANC

-m

ol H

+/t

% S

mol

H+

/t0.

10.

10.

1-

0.1

0.1

0.1

22

25

0.00

50.

005

0.00

50.

005

0.00

55

0.02

104

4 2

- 4

4 2

18.

7 1

8.7

18.

7 1

8.7

0.0

3 0

.03

0.0

3 0

.03

0.0

3N

A 0

.03

18.

7D

A28_

BH1

0.0

7.1

6.8

0.3

Extre

me

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

-D

A28_

BH1

0.5

7.9

7.4

0.5

Extre

me

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

-D

A28_

BH1

1.0

0.7-

1.0

Red

-bro

wn

SAN

DY

CLA

Y7.

77.

10.

6Ex

trem

e8.

59.

3-0

.8<2

<2<2

<5<0

.005

<0.0

05<0

.005

0.00

6-

629

<0.0

2<1

0D

A28_

BH2

0.0

0.0-

0.2

Ligh

t bro

wn

SILT

Y C

LAY

8.2

7.6

0.6

Stro

ng-

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

DA2

8_BH

20.

50.

2-1.

0Br

own

CLA

Y8.

28.

20.

0St

rong

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

-D

A28_

BH2

1.0

8.2

7.7

0.5

Mod

erat

e9.

310

.0-0

.7<2

<2<2

9<0

.005

<0.0

05<0

.005

0.01

-81

60<0

.02

<10

DA2

8_BH

21.

58.

28.

5-0

.3Ex

trem

e-

--

--

--

--

--

--

--

DA2

8_BH

22.

08.

18.

4-0

.3St

rong

--

--

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Lab

pH

pH U

nit

pHKCl

Fiel

d Te

st R

esul

ts

Reaction

pHFOX

pH

pHOX

% S

mol

e H

+/ t

TSA

POS

Cal

cula

tions

TPA

s-TAA

SPOS

Sulfu

r Tra

ilAc

idity

Tra

il

TAA

NetAcidity

ANC

NetAcidity

s-TPA

s-TSA

SCr

pH

FieldTexture

Location

Sample Depth(m BGL)

SoilColour

Soil HorizonBoundary (mBGL)

pHF

GroundwaterLevel

pH U

nit

Lith

olog

y

2.0-

0.2-

2.5

Brow

nSA

ND

-

0.0-

0.7

Red

-bro

wn

CLA

Y

1.0-

2.0

Brow

nG

RAV

ELLY

CLA

Y, a

ngul

ar g

rave

l

2.0

0.7-

2.0

Ora

nge-

brow

nSA

ND

, som

e sh

ells

1.3

0.2-

1.3

Dar

k br

own-

red

CLA

Y

-

0.0-

1.0

Ora

nge-

brow

nSA

ND

, som

e sm

all g

rave

l-

0.1-

0.8

Dar

k br

own-

red

CLA

Y, s

ome

med

ium

-siz

ed g

rave

l

- -0.

7-1.

5Ye

llow

-whi

teSA

ND

, som

e sm

all q

uartz

rock

s

Kar

rath

a TP

S N

o. 8

Am

endm

ent P

roje

ct

Acid

Sul

fate

Soi

l Sum

mar

y Ta

ble

Job

num

ber:

61/

2731

5

0.0-

0.5

Brow

n-or

ange

LOAM

--

0.0-

0.5

Ora

nge-

brow

nC

LAYE

Y LO

AM-

2.0-

2.5

Brow

nC

LAY,

som

e sm

all g

rave

l

1 of

1


Appendix E

Quality Assurance and ControlDocumentation

pHF

pHFOX

pHKCl

pHOX

Net Acidity excludingANC (acidity units)

pH U

nit

pH U

nit

pH U

nit

pH U

nit

mol

(H+/

t)

DA1

0_BH

5_0.

015

/08/

2011

86.

99.

18.

8<1

0Q

A01

15/0

8/20

118.

27.

88.

58.

9<1

02.

512

.26.

81.

1<L

OR

DA1

3_BH

9_1.

516

/08/

2011

9.3

9.7

8.9

9.4

<10

QA0

216

/08/

2011

9.2

9.6

9.4

10.5

<10

1.1

1.0

5.5

11.1

<LO

R

RPD

Val

ues

Exce

eds

50%

RPD

Exce

eds

50%

RPD

, les

s th

an 1

0x L

OR

Sam

plin

g D

etai

ls

RPD

%

RPD

%

Job

Num

ber:

61/

2731

5

Soil

Res

ults

Rel

ativ

e Pe

rcen

tage

Diff

eren

ce (R

PD) S

oil T

able

Kar

rath

a TP

S A

men

dmen

t ASS

Inve

stig

atio

n

Sample ID

Date Analysed

Documents

Report for Karratha TPS No 8. Amendment