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changing the mentality towards planned operation of mining
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ReorientingBiedjovággi
Biedjovággi Reorientations
With the plan of re-opening and expanding mining operation in Biedjovággi there are various processes that are facing limitations and eventually an end. Planning a such operation must take consideration of all the processes and elements that exist in the landscape today . Within these processes are subjects that sometimes have no voice in the discussion of the planning a space.
The mining operation is set to begin in two years and before that, all adjustments to the plan will be finalised in the beginning of 2013. The discussions of the plans of the have only taken place at public meetings and in the lo-cal media. At the public meeting in Kautokeino 9. November 2011 when the plan program was introduced, there was emphasized that in the further research and planning there would have to be a greater focus on the indigenous perspective. The traditional impact assessment methods and planning documents have little focus on traditional knowledge about natural resources, cultural heritages and etc. It is clear that there will be loss of grazing land for reindeers and local people are going to have to adjust to that. Species of plants and animals will disappear and ar-cheological remains of settlement will lose trace.
In order to respond to these changes there is a need to look at an alternative for traditional impact assessment. There is need to change the mentality of the space where the existing plans of mining is oriented. An alternative process where events take place in space and time can shed light on the process for the people involved in the de-bate and the ones who are affected by it. With temporality as a policy it will reveal attention to the facts that the entities and identities are collectively portrayed through practices that shape relations that must be focused on.
ORE DEPOSITS DEVELOPMENT AREA
IMPACT AREA ENDANGERED SPECIES
CULTURAL HERITAGE SITES
MIGRATION PATHSPRING AND FALL GRAZING
FALL GRAZING COLLECTION AREAS EVENTS
,,When we look at a map that is laid on a table, a flat surface. Space is represented as a completed product. As a coherent closed system, the space is completely interconnected and instantly interconnected. It tells the order of things”*
What happens when the different processes of the landscape of Biedjovággi are pulled up from the flat map, is that it opens up the order. The informations become disoriented and provoke a unaccustomed view. It exposes incoherence and fragmentations of the spatial itself. The spatial can be seen as an arena of
possibilities where unconnected narratives can be brought to contact. In this spatiality different temporalities and different voices must work out means of accommodation. By that making nodes through the routes of the inconsistent processes that can create interventions. But with the interventions in Biedjovággi you are not just travelling through the space or across it, you are participating to altering it a little
*Doreen MasseyFor space
http://artskart.artsdatabanken.no/https://kart.reindrift.no/reinkart/
http://www.kautokeino.kommune.nohttp://www.nordreisa.kommune.no
The Directorate for Cultural Heritagehttp://www.askeladden.ra.no
Anas acuta
Salvelinus alpinus
Nemoura arctica
Melanitta fusca
Eristalis gomojunovae
Coregonus lavaretus
Lota lota
Oeneis norna
Gulo gulo
Carex glacialis
Gavia arctica
Larus canus
Sterna paradisaea
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148789
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
Intact
Nordreisa
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148793
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
ntact
Nordeisa
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
149033
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
Intact
Nordreisa
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
149032
Geadgeborra
Hunting
Storage site
Intact
Nordreisa
Archaeological
site
HuntingDescription:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148792
Geadgeborra
Storage site
Intact
Nordreisa
Archaeological
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148762-1
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
single remain
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148788
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
Intact
Nordeisa
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148776
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148791
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
Intact
Nordeisa
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148772
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148778
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148775
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148790
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
Intact
Nordreisa
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148787
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
Intact
Nordreisa
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
149030
Árran
Tent settlement
Settlement Area
Intact
Nordeisa
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148770
Geadgeborra
Hunting
Storage site
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148780
Cairn
Defence
Uncultiv. Land
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148777
Cairn
Uncultiv. Land
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148781
Geadgeborra
Hunting
Storage site
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148760
Geadgeborra
Hunting
Storage site
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148767
Livvosadji
Agriculture
Settlement Area
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148779
Cairn
Defence
Uncultiv. Land
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
148764
Geadgeborra
Hunting
Storage site
Intact
Kautokeino
Archaeological
site
Description:
Original function:
Type:
Condition:
Municipality:
Category:
149031
Hunting
Catch pit
Intact
Nordreisa
Archaeological
site
0 1 km500 m100 m 200 m 300 m 400 m 600 m 700 m 800 m 900 m
1 : 20 000
Biedjovággi Opera - Critical area reindeer migration will get lost Erlend text
Petrified forest: Defence cultural heritage
Geadgeborra
Eahppádus: Plans of building new process plant
Balloons - cultural heritage
Siida:
Livvosadji:
Balloons - water damageDás ii goassege šat šaddá ealát” There will be no more livelihood here
NODES OF PROCESSES CONNECTEDCULTURAL HERITAGE SITES AND ENDANGERED SPECIESARCTIC GOLD PLAN PROGRAM IN BIEDJOVAGGIREINDEER HERDING PROCESSES IN BIEDJOVAGGI
EXISTING REINDEER HUTS
FEST
IVAL
REHE
RSAL
S
AUDI
TION
WRITI
NG&
COMP
OSING
IN
TERV
IEW
S &
GATH
ERIN
G
OF
INFO
RMAT
ION
FUND
ING
Culture
Politics
Events
Reindeer Herding
TimeSeason
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Migration Migration Migration MigrationSpring Grazing Summer Grazing Culling & Autum GrazingWinter Grazing Winter Grazing
MINERAL EXTRACTION ?
20112012
20132014
20152016
20172018
20192020
20212022
20232024
Arctic Gold Timeline
Samisk
høgs
kole
Livv
osad
ji
Subm
issio
n of
the
plan
with th
e im
pact
asse
ssm
ent
to m
unic
ipal
ities
Appro
val o
f
Plann
ing
prog
ram
Fund
ing
of
proc
essin
g pl
ant
pro
cess
ing
plan
t rea
dy
Public
insp
ectio
n
(6-w
eek
cons
ulta
tion)
Fina
l disp
osal
in th
emun
icip
aliti
es
NINA
NIKU
Vajas
Story
Tel
ling
Reind
eer D
ance
Settin
g up
Árra
n
Siida
Airwav
es
Kurt J
ohan
nese
n
EAHPPÁDUS (land
scap
e in
talla
tion)
Biedj
ovag
ge O
pera
Árran
Árran
Settin
g up
info
rmat
ion
ALTERNATIVE TIMELINE
REORIENTATIONAL EVENTS RHIZOME
When the network of interconnected stories of the past and present is revealed for us in Biedjovággi it becomes clear that there is a drama that is played out that very few are invited to observe. The cast in this drama is not typical, but nevertheless there are actors in this area that for the uninformed observer is unseen or seen but not seen in a context that has taken the complete complexity into account. When collecting information from as many sources as possible and visualizing them together one gets an idea of who these actors are and how they might me interrelated, but this is just scratching the surface of what is there. In order to get a better idea of this more work would be necessary to get a sufficient understanding of who the affected are and the relation they have to each other. “They” being both local
considerations that “weighed” less prior to the process.
In the first part of the period of the planned operation Arctic Gold expects to extract 4500 kg of gold from Biedjovággi. The mass of this amount of gold equates to a cube that is 65 cm * 65 cm * 65 cm. This is easy to calculate. Gold can be found in the periodic table where all the properties of gold can be seen. Gold also has a stable market value that is in fact increasing due to loss of faith in the economy that is no longer based on gold- or silver standards. The difficulty lies in comparing this fact with more elusive values such as historical facts hidden in the landscape, animal habitats, flora and special practices that leave little or no trace in the landscape. How much does this weigh?
people, animals, plants of present, past and future and the people from the outside.
The dramatic plot of Biedjovággi is the prospect of mining for gold to a much greater degree than what has been done before, and the landscape that this activity will cause to be lost for all foreseeable future. The collecting of the information that will be the foundation for the writing of the opera, the writing of the opera, the playing of the opera in the mines and the audience experiencing it will all be part of a process that will either be a farewell to the landscape at stake or a tipping-point. The aim of doing this should not be understood as activism where the sole purpose is to prevent change and to support the argument for keeping the status-quo. But the exercise might give more weight to arguments and
Biedjovággi Opera
Kils
tigort
Brytningsskärningar
Lastning med fjärrstyrning
LånghålsborrningPanostus
Laddning
Kils
tigort
Brytningsskärningar
Lastning med fjärrstyrning
LånghålsborrningPanostus
Laddning
Section of the mine from rapport made by Rambøll for Arctic Gold
Section of the mine from rapport made by Rambøll for Arctic Gold
Eichbaum Opera by Raumlabor 2008The Opera was written by four composers who
based their plays on interviews and research done by Raumlabor in an urban study they were
commissioned to do along the U18 between Müllheim and Essen in Germany
The situation in Biedjovággi would be suitable for a similar approach as this project even though the
setting is very different.
REORIENTATIONAL EVENTS
In 2006 Lars Ø Ramberg completed a monument on the roof of Palast der Republik, Berlin Germany that was being de constructed at the time. The monument reflects the feelings many people felt about this and the ongoing debate in post DDR Germany about the role of their recent history as a part of the country’s identity.
Even though the national identity of Germans and deciding on allowing gold mining in Biedjovággi is quite different, there are similarities.
In the same way that Palast der Republik is irretrievable now that it has been disassembled into little pieces the same can be said for the landscape where the gold mines are planned. Reports from Naturvernforbundet show us that attempts to repair the landscape from the last period of mineral extraction in Biedjovággi have been unsuccessful and the reindeer herders are still unable tu use this land.
To build a monument expressing this doubt that many feel about this development would visualize the conflicted feelings people have about this development.
On Rambers home page this is written about the project:
“Most monuments conclude and close History. With Palast des Zweifels Ramberg intended to stimulate reflections over the ongoing discussions, objecting any ideological conclusions. Palast des Zweifels could therefore be seen as a critic of the tradition of historical monuments.”
Abandoned Mining Area In Biedjovággi in 1991
Doubt = EahppádusREORIENTATIONAL EVENTS
Dás ii goassege šat šaddá ealát” (There will be no more livelihood here)
Quote from unnamed reindeer herder, interview made by Friends of the Earth NorwayBiedjovággi gruver - Hva vet vi og hva vet vi ikke? Svein Lund 09.11.2011
Irreversibility
Cultural Heritage - Species. Don’t have voices
REORIENTATIONAL EVENTS
Dás ii goassege šat šaddá ealát” There will be no more livelihood here
The direct translation of the name Biedjovaggi is “storage-valley”. The number of cairns landmarks contains information about siida community of reindeer herders. It is information of past and present tent settlements, used to orientate the routes to rivers, grazing land and woods through the valley. Some of the cairns are located within the development area of the mining operation which means that some will be removed and some will be relocated.
Petrified ForestREORIENTATIONAL EVENTS
Top: Mineral extracts taken from Biedjovággi for sale on E Bay 2010Bottom:ineral extracts taken from Biedjovággi for sale on E Bay 2011
Árran: the fire on the hearth at the centre of the lavvu. Like the sun at the centre of cosmic life, the árran gives warmth, security and a sense of order to the family and the siida (local community on pasture areas) gives focus to friendship and sharing. The tent settlement her-itage is made visible by round fireplace with 0,5 m and consists of 6 fist-sized rocks.
Biedjovággi overlaps the two municipalities of Nordreisa and Kautokeino and lies far from both administrative centers and even further from Oslo where the necessary dispensations for mining to proceeed, must be granted. The geographic distance from the landscape that is at stake and where decisions are made, contributes to an abstract understanding of the matter and the misconception of the untouched wilderness that is up for grabs.
If the geographic location of the decision making process could be moved to the exact location that is being discussed the abstraction of colored tracings on the geological surveys would become clearer. This might influence the mentality of the people involved and the outcome of these meetings. Arran is the Sami word for the heart of the lavvu and is also the name for our proposal for an alternative architecture for making informed decisions and seeing the area that will be impacted by these decisions.
Where Decisions Are Made
To the left: Trond Giske (Minister of Trade and Industry) showing the survey of mineral resources in Finnmark at a press conference in Oslo
To the right: The same presentation in the landscape in question.
REORIENTATIONAL EVENTS
Livvosadji: Is a plateau that serves as a resting place for reindeers during their travel through the grazing land. It is a dry and relatively flat surface with a ca 300 m diameter. It´s spatiality is always open and not completed. Performance platform
The Gold Cube: Arctic Gold Expects to extract at least 4500 kg of gold from Biedjovággi each year . The mass of this amount of gold equates to a cube that is 65 cm * 65 cm * 65 cm. A replica of this square could be mounted in the landscape to show the contrast between the lanscape and the size
REORIENTATIONAL EVENTS
