Reorienting US Pakistan Strategy: From Af-Pak to Asia

8/13/2019 Reorienting US Pakistan Strategy: From Af-Pak to Asia

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Houlhki Xpbhkdi Qbport Lo. 03Fdludry 1745

Edlkbi X. Mdrnby

Qborkbltklj R.X.Wdnkstdl Xtrdtbjy@rom D`-Wdn to Dskd


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Qborkbltklj R.X. WdnkstdlXtrdtbjy@rom D -Wdn to Dskd


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Houlhki Xpbhkdi Qbport Lo. Fdludry

Edlkbi X. Mdrnby

Qborkbltklj R.X. WdnkstdlXtrdtbjy@rom D -Wdn to Dskd


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Ucb Houlhki ol @orbkjl Qbidtkols (H@Q) ks dl klebpbleblt, lolpdrtksdl mbmabrsckp orjdlkzdtkol, tcklntdln, dle puaikscbr ebekhdtbe to abklj d rbsourhb or kts mbmabrs, jovbrlmblt o hkdis, ausklbss bxbhu-tkvbs, fourldiksts, beuhdtors dle stueblts, hkvkh dle rbikjkous ibdebrs, dle otcbr kltbrbstbe hktkzbls kl orebr

to cbip tcbm abttbr ulebrstdle tcb worie dle tcb orbkjl poikhy hcokhbs dhklj tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs dle otcbrhoultrkbs. @oulebe kl , H@Q hdrrkbs out kts mksskol ay mdkltdklklj d ekvbrsb mbmabrsckp, wktc spbhkdiprojrdms to promotb kltbrbst dle ebvbiop bxpbrtksb kl tcb lbxt jblbrdtkol o orbkjl poikhy ibdebrs> hol-vblklj mbbtkljs dt kts cbdequdrtbrs kl Lbw [orn dle kl Zdsckljtol, EH, dle otcbr hktkbs wcbrb sblkorjovbrlmblt o hkdis, mbmabrs o Holjrbss, jioadi ibdebrs, dle promklblt tcklnbrs homb tojbtcbr wktcHoulhki mbmabrs to ekshuss dle ebadtb mdfor kltbrldtkoldi kssubs> supportklj d Xtuekbs Wrojrdm tcdt os-tbrs klebpbleblt rbsbdrhc, bldaiklj H@Q shcoidrs to proeuhb drtkhibs, rbports, dle aoons dle coie roule-tdaibs tcdt dldiyzb orbkjl poikhy kssubs dle mdnb holhrbtb poikhy rbhommbledtkols> puaikscklj@orbkjlD dkrs, tcb prbbmklblt fourldi ol kltbrldtkoldi d dkrs dle R.X. orbkjl poikhy> spolsorklj KlebpblebltUdsn @orhbs tcdt proeuhb rbports wktc aotc ffllekljs dle poikhy prbshrkptkols ol tcb most kmportdlt orbkjlpoikhy topkhs> dle provkeklj up-to-edtb kl ormdtkol dle dldiysks daout worie bvblts dle Dmbrkhdl orbkjl

poikhy ol kts wbasktb, [email protected] Houlhki ol @orbkjl Qbidtkols tdnbs lo klstktutkoldi posktkols ol poikhy kssubs dle cds lo d ikdtkolwktc tcb R.X. jovbrlmblt. Dii vkbws bxprbssbe kl kts puaikhdtkols dle ol kts wbasktb drb tcb soib rbspolskaki-kty o tcb dutcor or dutcors.

Houlhki Xpbhkdi Qbports (HXQs) drb holhksb poikhy arkb s, proeuhbe to provkeb d rdpke rbspolsb to d ebvbi-opklj hrksks or holtrkautb to tcb puaikhs ulebrstdleklj o hurrblt poikhy ekibmmds. HXQs drb wrkttbl ayklekvkeudi dutcorswco mdy ab H@Q biiows or dhnlowibejbe bxpbrts rom outskeb tcb klstktutkolklholsuitdtkol wktc dl devksory hommkttbb, dle drb kltblebe to tdnb skxty edys rom klhbptkol to puaikhdtkol.Ucb hommkttbb sbrvbs ds d souleklj aodre dle provkebs bbeadhn ol d erd t rbport. Kt usudiiy mbbts twkhbolhb ab orb d erd t ks wrkttbl dle olhb djdkl wcbl tcbrb ks d erd t or rbvkbw> cowbvbr, devksory hommkttbb

mbmabrs, uliknb Udsn @orhb mbmabrs, drb lot dsnbe to skjl o ol tcb rbport or to otcbrwksb bleorsb kt.Olhb puaikscbe, HXQs drb postbe ol www.h r.orj.

@or urtcbr kl ormdtkol daout H@Q or tcks Xpbhkdi Qbport, pibdsb wrktb to tcb Houlhki ol @orbkjl Qbid-tkols, Bdst tc Xtrbbt, Lbw [orn, L[ , or hdii tcb Hommulkhdtkols o hb dt . . . Pksktour wbasktb, [email protected].

Hopyrkjct ay tcb Houlhki ol @orbkjl Qbidtkols Klh.Dii rkjcts rbsbrvbe.Wrkltbe kl tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs o Dmbrkhd.

Ucks rbport mdy lot ab rbproeuhbe kl wcoib or kl pdrt, kl dly orm abyole tcb rbproeuhtkol pbrmkttbe

ay Xbhtkols dle o tcb R.X. Hopyrkjct Idw Dht ( R.X.H. Xbhtkols dle ) dle bxhbrpts ayrbvkbwbrs or tcb puaikh prbss, wktcout bxprbss wrkttbl pbrmksskol rom tcb Houlhki ol @orbkjl Qbidtkols.

Uo suamkt d ibttbr kl rbspolsb to d Houlhki Xpbhkdi Qbport or puaikhdtkol ol our wbasktb, [email protected], youmdy sble dl bmdki to HXQbektorGh r.orj. Ditbrldtkvbiy, ibttbrs mdy ab mdkibe to us dt6 Wuaikhdtkols Ebpdrt-mblt, Houlhki ol @orbkjl Qbidtkols, Bdst tc Xtrbbt, Lbw [orn, L[ . Ibttbrs scouie klhiueb tcbwrktbrs ldmb, postdi deerbss, dle edytkmb pcolb lumabr. Ibttbrs mdy ab bektbe or ibljtc dle hidrkty, dlemdy ab puaikscbe oliklb. Wibdsb eo lot sble dttdhcmblts. Dii ibttbrs abhomb tcb propbrty o tcb Houlhkiol @orbkjl Qbidtkols dle wkii lot ab rbturlbe. Zb rbjrbt tcdt, owklj to tcb voiumb o horrbspoleblhb, wbhdllot rbspole to bvbry ibttbr.

Ucks rbport ks prkltbe ol pdpbr tcdt ks @XH hbrtkfflbe ay Qdkl orbst Diikdlhb, wckhc promotbs blvkrolmbl-

tdiiy rbspolskaib, sohkdiiy ablbfflhkdi, dle bholomkhdiiy vkdaib mdldjbmblt o tcb wories orbst.


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@orbwore vkk Dhnlowibejmblts kx

Houlhki Xpbhkdi Qbport Kltroeuhtkol R.X. Kltbrbsts kl Dskd Wdnkstdls Qoib kl Dskd Wdnkstdl Xtrdtbjy6 D -Wdn Pbrsus Dskd Qbhommbledtkols or R.X. Woikhy Holhiuskol

Blelotbs Daout tcb Dutcor Devksory Hommkttbb

Holtblts


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vkk

@orbwore

@or morb tcdl d ebhdeb, R.X. strdtbjy towdre Wdnkstdl cds abbl eomk-ldtbe ay tcb strujjib djdklst tbrrorksm. Ucb wdr idulhcbe kl kl lbkjcaorklj D jcdlkstdl dle wdjbe, kl pdrt, kl Wdnkstdls trkadirbjkols cds ovbrscdeowbe Dmbrkhds otcbr kltbrbsts kl Xoutc Dskd, lotibdst luhibdr kssubs, rbjkoldi stdakikty, dle bholomkh jrowtc. Uoedy,ds tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs rbadidlhbs kts orbkjl poikhy ohus towdre Dskd,dle ds tcb R.X. mkiktdry erdws eowl kts prbsblhb kl D jcdlkstdl, tcbrbidtkolsckp abtwbbl tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs dle Wdnkstdl ks poksbe or rbds-sbssmblt. Ucb outhomb, cowbvbr, ks dlytcklj aut hibdr. D hibdl arbdnabtwbbl Wdnkstdl dle tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs sbbms uliknbiy, ebspktb skm-

mbrklj eksdjrbbmblts ovbr d lumabr o kssubs. Diso uliknbiy ks d uiirdpprohcbmblt. Ucdt sdke, k kt hcosb to eo so, Wdnkstdl houie holtrkautbto tcb devdlhbmblt o R.X. prkorktkbs kl Dskd, D jcdlkstdl, dle tcb wdrol tbrror, aut tcb houltrys wbdn jovbrldlhb, siow bholomkh jrowtc,dle jrowklj luhibdr drsbldi homaklb to hdst sbrkous eouat ol wcbtcbrkt wkii so hcoosb.

Kl tcks Houlhki Xpbhkdi Qbport, Edlkbi X. Mdrnby bxdmklbs Wdnkstdlshompibx roib kl R.X. orbkjl poikhy. Mdrnby devohdtbs d two-proljbe

R.X. dpprodhc to Wdnkstdl tcdt worns to hol rolt dle qudrdltklb tcbkmmbekdtb tcrbdts kt posbs to rbjkoldi sbhurkty dle stdakikty wckibskmuitdlbousiy dttbmptklj to kltbjrdtb kt klto tcb arodebr R.X. djbledkl Dskd.

Qbjkoldi sbhurkty ks wktc jooe rbdsol tcb fflrst prolj o Mdrnbysstrdtbjy. Ucb ebstruhtkvb potbltkdi o d wbdnblbe, ksoidtbe, dle/orcostkib Wdnkstdl ks, cb wrktbs, skjlkfflhdlt. Dl drmbe holkht abtwbblKlekd dle Wdnkstdl, or d mdfor Wdnkstdl-adsbe tbrror dttdhn ol Klekd,wouie lot oliy eksrupt Klekds aoomklj bholomy aut diso d bht wkebrrbjkoldi stdakikty. Wdnkstdls kltbrldi sbhurkty tcrbdts, Mdrnby lotbs,drb lo ibss sbrkous, dle tcb posskakikty tcdt kt wkii holtklub to o br sd b


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cdvbl to tbrrorkst orjdlkzdtkols, kmpbrki D jcdlkstdls rbholstruhtkol,or eksrupt R.X. lbjotkdtkols wktc tcb Udikadl ks d sourhb o rbdi holhbrl.

Mdrnby rbhommbles tcdt tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs dht low to deerbss tcbsbtcrbdts dle worn to holtdkl tcb b bhts o Wdnkstdls eombstkh hcdiibljbswktckl kts aorebrs. Cb sujjbsts tcdt tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs opbl d ormdi ekd-iojub wktc Hcklds Mklkstry o @orbkjl D dkrs ol Wdnkstdl kssubs dlebxpiorb optkols or bxpdlebe houltbrtbrror hoopbrdtkol wktc Klekd.Mdrnby diso proposbs tcdt tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs rbstruhturb kts mkiktdry dketo Wdnkstdl, ebhoupiklj kt rom tcb wdr kl D jcdlkstdl dle ohusklj (dswbii ds holektkolklj) kt klstbde ol Wdnkstdls b orts to ffljct tbrrorksmdle vkoiblt bxtrbmksm wktckl kts aorebrs.

Kl pursukt o rbjkoldi kltbjrdtkol, tcb sbhole prolj o cks strdtbjy,Mdrnby rbhommbles tcdt tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs hrbdtb opportulktkbs orWdnkstdl to ebvbiop rbidtkolsckps wktc kts lbkjcaors kl Dskd, pdrtkhu-idriy Klekd. Cb hdiis or d trdeb djrbbmblt wktc Klekd, D jcdlkstdl,dle Wdnkstdl tcdt wouie o br prb brbltkdi dhhbss to Dmbrkhdl mdr-nbts ol tcb holektkol tcdt tcosb houltrkbs rbeuhb adrrkbrs to kltrdrb-jkoldi trdeb. Cb diso rbhommbles tcdt tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs support tcbUurnmblkstdl-D jcdlkstdl-Wdnkstdl-Klekd pkpbiklb profbht dle, morb

arodeiy, tcdt Zdsckljtol ohus kts hkvkikdl dke ol otcbr trdeb-rbidtbekl rdstruhturb suhc ds rodes, arkejbs, dle ports. Ucb bholomkh dlestrdtbjkh ablbfflts o kltbjrdtkol houie ab suastdltkdi. Mdrnby bxpiorbssbvbrdi shbldrkos kl wckhc, or bxdmpib, morb lormdi rbidtkols wktcKlekd houie bldaib Wdnkstdl to dht ds d rbjkoldi trdeb cua or bvbl hol-trkautb to rbjkoldi sbhurkty.

Kl tcb pdjbs tcdt oiiow, Mdrnby o brs usb ui rbhommbledtkols ord rbvdmpbe R.X.-Wdnkstdl strdtbjy. Ucb rbsuit ks d vdiudaib rbport tcdt,

wckib bmpcdskzklj tcb urjblt lbbe to homadt tcb mdly tcrbdts Wdnk-stdl posbs, lolbtcbibss provkebs d jikmpsb o wcdt d morb kltbjrdtbeWdnkstdl houie kl turl holtrkautb to Dskd. Kt ks d vkskol wbii wortc hol-skebrklj, k oliy abhdusb tcb ditbrldtkvbs houie provb so hostiy.

Qkhcdre L. CddssWrbskebltHoulhki ol @orbkjl QbidtkolsFdludry

@orbworevkkk


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kx

K wouie iknb to tcdln H@Q Wrbskeblt Qkhcdre L. Cddss dle Ekrbhtor oXtuekbs Fdmbs M. Iklesdy or tcbkr support o tcks profbht, dle bspb-hkdiiy or tcbkr pbrhbptkvb bbeadhn tcroujcout tcb bektorkdi prohbss.

K dm jrdtb ui to tcb mbmabrs o my devksory hommkttbb, stdrtklj wktckts hcdkr, Fdmbs Xckll, wco jrdhkousiy dle b bhtkvbiy prbskebe ovbr ourmbbtkljs kl Zdsckljtol, EH. Dstutb klskjcts rom tcb jroup orhbemb to holskebrdle o tbl to rbholskebrtcb dssumptkols abckle mydrjumblts dle to bxpiorb tcbkr kmpikhdtkols or R.X. poikhy kl wdys Kmkjct otcbrwksb cdvb mkssbe.

K owb d ebat o jrdtktueb to tcb mdly R.X., Klekdl, Hcklbsb, dle Wdnk-

stdlk poikhymdnbrs wco, ovbr tcb pdst sbvbrdi ybdrs, cdvb bltbrtdklbeekshusskols daout tcb uturb o tcb R.X.-Wdnkstdlk rbidtkolsckp kl darodebr rbjkoldi holtbxt. Xpbhkdi tcdlns jo to Wdnkstdls bmadssy klZdsckljtol, EH, or cbipklj to drrdljb kltbrvkbws kl Wdnkstdl, klhiue-klj dl kl ormdtkvb sbsskol dt Wdnkstdls Ldtkoldi Eb blsb Rlkvbrskty.

Ds diwdys, wornklj wktc my hoiibdjubs dt H@Q cds abbl d pibdsurb.Wdtrkhkd Eor dle Bik Evornkl kl Wuaikhdtkols provkebe smdrt, hdrb ui,dle qukhn bekts o bvbry erd t. Ucby houie lot cdvb abbl morb cbip ui.

Abckle tcb shblbs, tcb Xtuekbs, Hommulkhdtkols, dle [email protected] tbdmsmdeb bvbrytcklj bisb posskaib rom holhbptkol to roiiout.Ucks rbport owbs d jrbdt ebdi to tcb cdre worn, bltcuskdsm, dle nbbl

kltbiibht o my rbsbdrhc dssohkdtb, Nbvkl Jrosskljbr. Diolj tcb wdy,sbvbrdi kmprbsskvb H@Q kltbrls cdvb diso dsskstbe wktc rbsbdrhc, klhiue-klj Xkndlebr Nkdlk, Mdscdi Xcdc, Cdrrks Qotcmdl, dle Fdmbs Zbst.

Ucks puaikhdtkol wds mdeb posskaib ay d jrdlt rom tcb Focl E. dleHdtcbrklb U. MdhDrtcur @ouledtkol. Ucb stdtbmblts mdeb dle vkbwsbxprbssbe drb soibiy my owl.

Edlkbi X. Mdrnby

Dhnlowibejmblts


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Houlhki Xpbhkdi Qbport


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Kltroeuhtkol

D tbr / , tcb jioadi ffljct djdklst di-Tdbed dle tcb rbidtbe wdr klD jcdlkstdl orhbe tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs to rbdssbss kts strdtbjy kl Wdnkstdl.Ucb bxkjblhkbs o houltbrtbrrorksm dle houltbrklsurjblhy bstdaikscbeZdsckljtols prkmdry jodis dle mdly o kts spbhkfflh poikhkbs. Low,cowbvbr, tcb kmpbleklj erdweowl o R.X. troops rom D jcdlkstdl,diolj wktc skjlkfflhdlt R.X. suhhbssbs kl opbrdtkols djdklst di-Tdbed,rbqukrb tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs to tdnb d rbsc ioon dt kts Wdnkstdl strdtbjy dleto movb abyole tcb D -Wdn brd.

Zdsckljtol ks pidyklj or ckjc stdnbs kl Wdnkstdl. Wdnkstdls rdpkeiyjrowklj popuidtkol o lbdriy two culerbe mkiikol, bxpdleklj luhibdr

drsbldi, poiktkhdi turmoki, bltrblhcbe tbrrorkst lbtworns, dle kltbrldivkoiblhb mbdl tcdt kt wkii holtklub to erdw tcb dttbltkol o R.X. poikhy-mdnbrs wbii klto tcb uturb. Ucbrb hdl ab lo bxkt rom or qukhn fflx ortcb wbitbr o tcorly hcdiibljbs Wdnkstdl prbsblts. Ucbrb orb, tcb jodi otcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs scouie ab to eb ble djdklst kmmbekdtb tcrbdts wckibnbbpklj tcb eoor opbl to hoopbrdtkvb vblturbs tcdt coie tcb promksb oebikvbrklj to Wdnkstdl jrbdtbr sbhurkty, bholomkh jrowtc, dle lormdi-kzbe rbidtkols wktc kts lbkjcaors ovbr tcb iolj tbrm.

Kl deektkol to Wdnkstdl-spbhkfflh holhbrls, poikhymdnbrs kl Zdscklj-tol wkii lbbe to ebtbrmklb cow abst to dhtor Wdnkstdl klto tcb arodebrR.X. djbled kl Dskd. Ucdt djbled ks d iolj dle muitk dhbtbe olb, autkt uitkmdtbiy ckljbs ol pbrpbtudtklj dle bxpdleklj tcb rbjkols bho-lomkh suhhbss. Holtklube jrowtc, kl turl, rbqukrbs d iolj-tbrm R.X.hdpdhkty to rbspole b bhtkvbiy to tcb rbdikty o jrowklj Hcklbsb powbr,most oavkousiy kl tcb bholomkh spcbrb aut diso klhrbdskljiy kl tcbmkiktdry dle ekpiomdtkh drblds. Ucb akidtbrdi rbidtkolsckp abtwbbl tcbRlktbe Xtdtbs dle Hckld ks tcb erkvklj orhb abckle tcb Oadmd demkl-kstrdtkols rbadidlhklj strdtbjy> kt cds promptbe d rblbwbe R.X. hom-mktmblt to rbjkoldi trbdty diikbs iknb Fdpdl dle kt cds blbrjkzbe tkbsabtwbbl tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs dle lbwbr Dskdl pdrtlbrs, klhiueklj Klekd.


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Qborkbltklj R.X. Wdnkstdl Xtrdtbjy6 @rom D`-Wdn to Dskd

Kl Zdsckljtol, Wdnkstdl cds iolj abbl holskebrbe pbrkpcbrdi toDskd, ay wckhc R.X. poikhymdnbrs tble to mbdl Bdst Dskd dle tcbWdhkfflh. [bt tcb stbdey wbstwdre bxpdlskol o Hcklbsb klublhbstdrtklj wktc trdeb, trdlskt, dle klvbstmbltks iknbiy to rblebr tcdtmbltdi mdp dii aut outedtbe. Morbovbr, Klekds jrowklj popuidtkol,bholomy, dle jioadi ekpiomdtkh stdturb cdvb dirbdey hdpturbe tcbkmdjkldtkol o R.X. strdtbjkh pidllbrs wco lo ioljbr sbb Klekd ds dmbrb Xoutc Dskdl pidybr, aut ds d mdfor R.X. pdrtlbr kl Dskd wrkt idrjb.Xbvbrbe rom Arktksc Klekd dt kts klebpbleblhb kl , Wdnkstdl cds dckstory o tblskol dle costkikty wktc moebrl-edy Klekd dle o hiosb

rkblesckp wktc lbkjcaorklj Hckld. Ucbsb tkbs o ckstory dle jboj-rdpcy mdnb kt kmposskaib to eksbltdljib Wdnkstdl rom tcb arodebrDskdl idleshdpb.

[bt, dskeb rom tcb Oadmd demklkstrdtkols dttbmpt to tdnb drbjkoldi dpprodhc to D jcdlkstdl (dle, ay bxtblskol, Wdnkstdl), R.X.poikhymdnbrs cdvb lot puaikhiy hidrkfflbe cow tcby blvkskol Wdnkstdlsroib kl d wkebr rbjkoldi holtbxt.4 Lor cdvb tcby bxpidklbe cow R.X. poik-hkbs bisbwcbrb kl Dskd scouie d bht Wdnkstdl ktsbi or Zdsckljtols rbid-tkolsckp wktc Ksidmdade.

Kl Ksidmdade, tcb R.X. rbadidlhklj strdtbjy ks dirbdey wkebiy kltbr-prbtbe ds pdrt dle pdrhbi o dl kmpbleklj R.X. dadleolmblt o Wdnk-stdl, tkit towdre Klekd, dle b ort to holtdkl Hcklddii ulwbihombebvbiopmblts rom Ksidmdades poklt o vkbw. Ucbsb holhbrls drbiknbiy to bxdhbradtb Ksidmdades sblsb o klsbhurkty dle wkebl bxkst-klj rk ts wktc Zdsckljtol. Ucdt, kl turl, wouie cdrm R.X. b orts todeerbss kmmbekdtb sbhurkty holhbrls (stdrtklj wktc tcb tcrbdts posbeay Wdnkstdl-adsbe tbrrorkst jroups) dle to aukie hoopbrdtkol kl wdys

tcdt wouie ibde Wdnkstdl to pidy d morb holstruhtkvb roib kl tcb rbjkolovbr tkmb.Wdnkstdls kltbrldi trdfbhtorywcbtcbr towdre d posktkvb uturb

o jrbdtbr sbhurkty dle bholomkh jrowtc, d holtklube mueeib o siowjrowtc dle eys ulhtkoldi poiktkhs, or d lbjdtkvb spkrdi o vkoiblhbwkii diso d bht kts lbkjcaors, klhiueklj Klekd dle Hckld. Dt rksn drb tcbR.X. kltbrbsts kl hrd tklj dl bxpdlebe pdrtlbrsckp wktc dl Klekd tcdt ksstrolj, prospbrous, dle hdpdaib o holtrkautklj to rbjkoldi dle jioadisbhurkty> dvokeklj d posskaib lbw dsc poklt or holkht wktc Hckld>dle bshdpklj mdfor hrksbs dle skmkidr ekstrdhtkols tcdt wouie suhnZdsckljtols dttbltkol dle rbsourhbs rom klktkdtkvbs to promotb R.X.hommbrhkdi dle ekpiomdtkh profbhts kl tcb rbst o Dskd.


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Kltroeuhtkol

Uo kmpibmblt d lbw Wdnkstdl strdtbjy tcdt ohusbs jrbdtbr R.X. dttbl-tkol ol iklns wktc wkebr Dskd, Zdsckljtol scouie tdnb d two-proljbedpprodhc tcdt b bhtkvbiy qudrdltklbs Wdnkstdl-adsbe tcrbdts to Dskdlsbhurkty bvbl ds kt hrbdtbs lbw opportulktkbs to kltbjrdtb Wdnkstdlklto tcb rbjkols vkardlt bholomy. Uo eo so, Zdsckljtol wouie lbbeto rborjdlkzb kts poikhymdnklj struhturb to rbkltbjrdtb Wdnkstdl kltowkebr Dskd. Dmolj otcbr poikhy klktkdtkvbs, tcb strdtbjy wouie klhiuebidulhcklj d lbw R.X. ekpiomdtkh ekdiojub wktc Abkfklj, Lbw Ebick, dleKsidmdade to rbeuhb prospbhts or rbjkoldi tblskol dle vkoiblhb> skjl-klj d R.X. trdeb ebdi to blhourdjb trdeb abtwbbl Klekd dle Wdnkstdl> dlerbdiiohdtklj R.X. dsskstdlhb projrdmmklj kl Wdnkstdl to kmprovb trdebdle trdlskt kl rdstruhturb.


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Ucb prkmdry R.X. kltbrbst kl Dskd ks to mdkltdkl dle devdlhb prospbhtsor d pbdhb ui, sbhurb orebr holeuhkvb to R.X. dle jioadi bholomkh

jrowtc. Dskdl bholomkbs drb bljklbs o jioadi bxpdlskol, opportulk-tkbs or R.X. klvbstmblt, dle pkiidrs o tcb kltbrldtkoldi molbtdry dlefflldlhkdi systbm. Hckld, Fdpdl, dle Xoutc Norbd drb, or klstdlhb, tcbsbhole-, ourtc-, dle sbvbltc-idrjbst R.X. trdeklj pdrtlbrs. 1 Hckld dleFdpdl coie wbii ovbr $ trkiikol kl R.X. Urbdsury sbhurktkbs.8

Ucb Oadmd demklkstrdtkol skjldibe kts dpprbhkdtkol o tcb R.X.kltbrbst kl Dskd ay dlloulhklj pidls kl idtb or d strdtbjy o rbadi-dlhklj. Ucb lbw dpprodhc wds bxprbssbe kl Wrbskeblt Adrdhn Oadmds

rbmdrns to tcb Dustrdikdl pdrikdmblt kl Lovbmabr dle Xbhrbtdry oXtdtb Ckiidry Hikltols drtkhib, Dmbrkhds Wdhkfflh Hbltury, puaikscbekl @orbkjl Woikhy tcb sdmb moltc. 5 Ds Hikltol wrotb, strdtbjkhdiiy,mdkltdklklj pbdhb dle sbhurkty dhross tcb Dskd-Wdhkfflh ks klhrbdskljiyhruhkdi to jioadi projrbss.

Dt tcb cbdrt o dly R.X. strdtbjy or promotklj pbdhb, sbhurkty, dlebholomkh jrowtc kl Dskd ks tcb rbidtkolsckp wktc Hckld. Ds Abkfkljtrdlsidtbs ebhdebs o stullklj bholomkh jrowtc klto kltbrldtkoldi

klublhb dle mkiktdry mkjct, tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs cds dttbmptbe to adi-dlhb abtwbbl two jodis. Ol tcb olb cdle, Zdsckljtol sbbns mutudiiyablbfflhkdi hoopbrdtkol, bspbhkdiiy wktc rbspbht to trdeb dle klvbstmbltwcbrb tcb two bholomkbs drb ebbpiy kltbrebpbleblt. Ol tcb otcbrcdle, Zdsckljtol diso hompbtbs wktc Abkfklj or rbjkoldi dle jioadiklublhb, supports diikbs tcdt bbi tcrbdtblbe ay Hcklbsb powbr, dlecbejbs djdklst tcb posskakikty tcdt Abkfklj wkii usb kts jrowklj powbrto ulebrmklb spbhkfflh R.X. klktkdtkvbs or, morb jblbrdiiy, tcb prklhkpibsdle klstktutkols tcdt orm tcb horb o tcb R.X.-ibe, postwdr kltbrld-tkoldi orebr. Dl b bhtkvb R.X. strdtbjy wouie, dt mklkmum, blhourdjbAbkfklj to hoopbrdtb wcblbvbr posskaib, pidy ay mutudiiy djrbbdaib ruibskl hompbtktkvb hkrhumstdlhbs, dle deerbss otcbr ek brblhbs pbdhb uiiy.

R.X. Kltbrbsts kl Dskd


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R.X. Kltbrbsts kl Dskd

B bhtkvb ekpiomdhy wktc Hckld, tcbl, ks d lbhbssdry prbholektkolor Dskdl pbdhb dle bholomkh jrowtc. Xuhc ekpiomdhy typkhdiiy tdnbs

pidhb kl akidtbrdi sbttkljs iknb tcb rbhblt sckrtsibbvbs summkt o Fulb, aut R.X.-Hckld rbidtkols eo lot bxkst kl d vdhuum. Ay wornklj

wktc powbr ui stdtbs tcroujcout tcb rbjkol, tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs wkii cdvbd abttbr hcdlhb to houltbradidlhb Hcklbsb powbr, k lot lbhbssdrkiy torbstrkht or holtdkl kt. Ucb Rlktbe Xtdtbs tcus cds dl bleurklj kltbrbst klstrbljtcblklj diikdlhbs wktc stdtbs iknb Fdpdl dle Norbd dle huitkvdtkljpdrtlbrsckps wktc stdtbs iknb Pkbtldm dle Xkljdporb, aotc ol tcbkr owlmbrkts dle kl pdrt ds d mbdls to kmprovb R.X. ibvbrdjb wktc Abkfklj.

Cblhb tcb Oadmd demklkstrdtkols ebskrb, bxprbssbe kl tcb rbadi-dlhklj strdtbjy, to profbht d morb vkskaib dle dhtkvb prbsblhb kl Dskd.Ucdt prbsblhb klhiuebs cbkjctblbe lbjotkdtkols ol tcb Urdls-WdhkfflhWdrtlbrsckp (UWW) rbb trdeb djrbbmblt, R.X. pdrtkhkpdtkol kl tcb Dsso-hkdtkol o Xoutcbdst Dskdl Ldtkols (DXBDL)d ikdtbe Bdst DskdXummkt, d lbw holtkljblt o R.X. Mdrklbs stdtkolbe kl Dustrdikd, dledl klhrbdsbe ldvdi prbsblhb kl Xkljdporb, dmolj otcbr klktkdtkvbs.2

Diolj skmkidr iklbs, tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs cds soujct to huitkvdtb hiosbrtkbs wktc Klekd kl rbhojlktkol o kts skjlkfflhdlhb kl tcb rbjkol dle kts vdst

potbltkdi ds d R.X. pdrtlbr kl Dskd.0

Zdsckljtol ks lot mbrbiy kltbrbstbekl orjklj d abttbr rbidtkolsckp wktc Lbw Ebick> top R.X. o hkdis kl tcbOadmd demklkstrdtkol cdvb abbl ulbqukvohdi kl tcbkr ebskrb to holtrka-utb to Klekds bholomkh dle mkiktdry bxpdlskol.: Uo ab surb, tcb RlktbeXtdtbs wouie cdvb dl kltbrbst kl jooe rbidtkols wktc dl blormous Dskdlhoultry iknb Klekd rbjdreibss o wcbtcbr kt wds diso sbbnklj to klublhbHckld. [bt tcbrb hdl ab ikttib eouat tcdt scdrbe dpprbcblskols daoutcow Abkfklj wkii usb kts lbw oule wbditc dle powbr cdvb aroujct

Zdsckljtol dle Lbw Ebick hiosbr tojbtcbr.Jkvbl tcb R.X. kltbrbst kl Dskds bholomy, Zdsckljtol wouie abholhbrlbe daout tcb potbltkdi or rbjkoldi sbhurkty hrksbs wcbtcbr orlot tcby wbrb ekrbhtiy hollbhtbe wktc Hckld. Ucdt sdke, dsc pokltswktc tcb potbltkdi to bxdhbradtb R.X.-Hckld rkhtkolsiknb tcb UdkwdlXtrdkt, Lortc Norbd, dle mdrktkmb eksputbs kl tcb Xoutc Hckld Xbddssumb deebe jbopoiktkhdi skjlkfflhdlhb. Ucb Rlktbe Xtdtbs cds d pdr-tkhuidr kltbrbst kl prbvbltklj suhc hrksbs or, k tcdt provbs kmposskaib,kl mktkjdtklj prospbhts or bshdidtkol tcdt wouie pidhb Zdsckljtol klekrbht holkht wktc Abkfklj dle fbopdrekzb tcb jioadi bholomy.


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Wdnkstdl ks kmpikhdtbe, k klekrbhtiy, kl mdly o Zdsckljtols arodebrDskdl holhbrls. Ucb Rlktbe Xtdtbs cds dl kltbrbst kl Wdnkstdls sbhurkty,prospbrkty, dle rbjkoldi rbidtkols abhdusb Wdnkstdl cds tcb potbltkdi tod bht tcb rbjkols bholomkh jrowtc, ekpiomdhy abtwbbl Zdsckljtoldle Abkfklj, dle prospbhts or R.X.-Klekd pdrtlbrsckp. Jkvbl Wdnkstdlscujb popuidtkol (iknbiy to top tcrbb culerbe mkiikol ay mkehbltury),jbojrdpckh iohdtkol, luhibdr drms, dle ckstorkhdi rbidtkolsckps wktcKlekd dle Hckld, kt ks hibdr tcdt d costkib or vkoibltiy ulstdaib Wdnkstdlwouie hompromksb tcb arodebr R.X. djbled kl Dskd, wcbrbds d hoop-brdtkvb, jrowklj Wdnkstdl wouie devdlhb kt.

Kt ks ek huit to prbekht Wdnkstdls uturb, ds tcb rdljb o piduskaib out-hombs ks vdst dle wkii ab ebtbrmklbe, fflrst dle orbmost, ay eombstkhebvbiopmblts idrjbiy abyole Zdsckljtols holtroi. Ucbsb potbltkdi

uturbs rdljb rom dltk-Zbstbrl costkikty dle rbvoiutkol to pbdhb-ui bholomkh jrowtc dle ebmohrdtkh holsoikedtkol. Kl abtwbbl ks tcb

mueeibe ditbrldtkol o klb bhtkvb mkiktdry ekhtdtorsckp dle hkvkikdlmksmdldjbmblt, d holektkol kl wckhc Wdnkstdl cds idljukscbe or mosto kts ckstory.3

Rl ortuldtbiy, tcb hurrblt homakldtkol o mdsskvb popuidtkoljrowtc, daysmdi beuhdtkol, dle tcb jrdeudi wbdnblklj o trdektkoldiklstktutkols (aotc stdtb dle lolstdtb) mdnbs kt bdskbr to kmdjklb tcdtWdnkstdl wkii ab d lbt bxportbr o vkoiblhb to kts rbjkol rdtcbr tcdl d lbtholtrkautor to sbhurkty. Ucdt sdke, Wdnkstdl ks lot eoombe to d eowl-wdre sikeb> kmprovbmblts kl ibdebrsckp dle jovbrldlhb wouie bldaibtcb houltry to pidy d morb holstruhtkvb roib ovbr tkmb.

Wdnkstdls Qoib kl Dskd


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WD N K X UD L D X D U C Q B DUU O U C B R . X . D J B L ED K L D X K D

D costkib or ebstdakikzbe Wdnkstdl wouie upsbt R.X. pidls kl Dskd skmpiyay ekvbrtklj Zdsckljtols dttbltkol dle ebpibtklj R.X. rbsourhbs. Dsbrkous sbhurkty hrksks kl luhibdr-drmbe Wdnkstdl wouie hdpturb Zdsc-kljtols dttbltkol dle suhn tcb dkr out o otcbr R.X. poikhy klktkdtkvbsultki rbsoivbe. Wdnkstdls bxpdleklj luhibdr projrdm o morb tcdl olbculerbe wdrcbdes eobs lot posb dl bxkstbltkdi tcrbdt to tcb RlktbeXtdtbs o tcb sort posbe eurklj tcb Hoie Zdr ay tcb Xovkbt Rlkolsmdsskvb kltbrholtklbltdiiy hdpdaib luhibdr drsbldi. Cowbvbr, k pkbhbso Wdnkstdls luhibdr projrdm wbrb to dii klto costkib cdles, wcbtcbrabhdusb uturb ibdebrs kl Ksidmdade tdnb d morb abiikjbrblt dltk-R.X.stdlhb or abhdusb Wdnkstdls luhibdr mdtbrkdis dle tbhcloiojkbs ibdnto tbrrorkst jroups, tcbl Zdsckljtol wouie uleouatbeiy usb mkiktdry

orhb dle dly otcbr mbdls lbhbssdry to ebtbr dle eb ble djdklst tcbkrusb ol R.X. or diikbe tdrjbts.

Xkmkidriy, Wdnkstdl-adsbe tbrrorksts dle klsurjbltsklhiueklj tcbrbmldlts o di-Tdbeds horb ibdebrsckp, tcbkr sympdtckzbrs dle d ik-

dtbs, dle rbjkoldi tbrrorkst orjdlkzdtkols iknb tcb D jcdl Cdqqdlk lbt-worn dle Idscndr-b-Udkad (IbU)tcrbdtbl rbjkoldi sbhurkty dle, aybxtblskol, Dskdl bholomkh jrowtc. Lot dii o tcbsb tbrrorkst jroupscdvb ybt ebmolstrdtbe d hdpdhkty to strknb tcb R.X. combidle, aut tcbydrb hibdriy ebekhdtbe to dttdhnklj R.X. rkbles dle diikbs kl tcb rbjkolwcbl tcb opportulkty drksbs.

Motkvdtbe ay tcb urjblt lbbe to ebjrdeb tcb hdpdhkty dle jioadirbdhc o di-Tdbed dle kts d ikdtbs, tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs idulhcbe tcb wdr

kl D jcdlkstdl, tcb erolb hdmpdkjl ovbr Wdnkstdlk trkadi drbds, dle drdljb o otcbr rbjkoldi houltbrtbrror dhtkvktkbs, klhiueklj hovbrt kltbi-ikjblhb opbrdtkols dle klvbstkjdtkols o fflldlhkdi trdlsdhtkols. R.X.

orhbs cdvb suhhbss uiiy ebikvbrbe d aiow to di-Tdbeds top ibdebrsckpkl Wdnkstdl dle D jcdlkstdl, aut mdly o Wdnkstdls otcbr mkiktdlt dlebxtrbmkst orjdlkzdtkols cdvb jrowl morb vkoiblt dle sopckstkhdtbesklhb / . Xomb, iknb tcb Wdnkstdlk Udikadl (UUW), low dttdhn Wdnkstdlsstdtb klstktutkols dle hkvkikdls kl wdys tcdt wbrb klholhbkvdaib kl prkorebhdebs dle tcdt rdksb eouats daout Ksidmdades hdpdhkty to mdkltdkladskh idw dle orebr, ibt diolb to dttrdht trdeb dle klvbstmblt kl wdystcdt wouie jrow tcb ldtkoldi bholomy. Otcbrs, iknb IbU, pbrskst kl dloie jdmb o ekrbhtklj tcbkr vkoiblhb abyole Wdnkstdls aorebrs.


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Wdnkstdls luhibdr wbdpols dle tbrrorkst jroups tcus hdst d hioueovbr tcb rbjkols jblbrdi sbhurkty dle bholomkh outioon. Morbovbr, kWdnkstdl iurhcbs towdre jrbdtbr rbjkoldi costkikty or vkoiblhb, tcb sck thouie hrbdtb trouaib abtwbbl Zdsckljtol dle Abkfklj or to ulebrmklbKlekds posktkol ds d mdfor houltbradidlhklj orhb kl Dskd, aotc owckhc wouie rul houltbr to R.X. kltbrbsts.

WD N K X UD L D X D L K Q Q K UD L U K L R . X . - HC K LD Q B IDU K O LX

D costkib Wdnkstdl wouie holtrkautb to rkhtkol abtwbbl Zdsckljtoldle Abkfklj kl wdys tcdt cdrm prospbhts or proeuhtkvb R.X.-Hckldhoopbrdtkol kl otcbr drbds. Luhibdr proik brdtkol ks dl kssub o pdrtkhu-idr holhbrl. Hcklbsb mksskib dle luhibdr ebskjls cdvb dirbdey pidybedl kmportdlt pdrt kl Wdnkstdls jrowklj drsbldi. Zdsckljtols ebskrbto ikmkt urtcbr proik brdtkol o klhrbdskljiy sopckstkhdtbe Hcklbsbtbhcloiojkbs (ay wdy o d costkib Wdnkstdl) wouie ibde R.X. o hkdisklto ek huit bxhcdljbs wktc tcbkr Hcklbsb houltbrpdrts o tcb sort tcdt

toon pidhb eurklj tcb s.;

Ds d rbhblt bxdmpib, tcb Hcklbsb cdvbdlloulhbe pidls to fflldlhb two lbw luhibdr rbdhtors kl Wdnkstdl. Ucbmovb cds rdlnibe R.X. poikhymdnbrs wco holskebr kt d vkoidtkol o Hck-lds oaikjdtkols to tcb Luhibdr Xuppikbrs Jroup. 47

Lbw tblskols o tcks sort wkii ab morb iknbiy k Abkfklj dle Ksidm-dade pursub d rbidtkolsckp dldiojous to tcb olb Hckld cds huitkvdtbewktc Lortc Norbd. Kl tcdt hdsb, Hckld wouie qukbtiy blhourdjb dledabt Wdnkstdl ds d costkib orhb, pbrhbkvklj Wdnkstdls utkikty ds d eudi

au br djdklst tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs dle Klekd. Kl deektkol, Hckld wouieusb Wdnkstdl ds d vbckhib or bxpdleklj kts klublhb kl Hbltrdi Dskd,D jcdlkstdl, dle otcbr pdrts o tcb Musikm worie. Hcklbsb klrodesklto Wdnkstdl, suhc ds tcb Jwdedr port diolj tcb Drdakdl Xbd dle tcbNdrdnordm Ckjcwdy tcdt iklns Wdnkstdl to wbstbrl Hckld, wouie tcbldssumb jrbdtbr strdtbjkh skjlkfflhdlhb, pbrmkttklj Hckld to bshdpb d R.X.ldvdi hconbcoie diolj kts bdstbrl sbdaodre or to opbl d wbstbrl ldvdi

rolt djdklst Klekd.Ucb rksns to Hckld o suhc dl dpprodhc drb pidkl, dle tcks pdtc ks lot

holskstblt wktc rbhblt poikhkbs rom Abkfklj, wckhc cdvb tblebe to sup-port Kleo-Wdnkstdlk lormdikzdtkol dle tcb dvokedlhb, or, k lbhbssdry,tcb mktkjdtkol o hrksbs kl Xoutc Dskd. [bt tcb posskakikty hdllot ab ruibe


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out kl tcb mbekum tbrm, k oliy eub to Hcklds wbii-bstdaikscbe ckstoryo supportklj Wdnkstdl to ekstrdht dle ulsbttib Klekd, dle Wdnkstdls owliolj-stdleklj ebskrb to usb Hckld ds dl bxtbrldi adidlhb djdklst Klekd. 44 Morbovbr, Hckld wouie fflle kt rbidtkvbiy bdsy to mdsn kts strdtbjkh usb oWdnkstdl kl tcks wdy, hidkmklj lo rbspolskakikty or Ksidmdades abiikjbr-blhb bvbl k kt blhourdjbe suhc movbs abckle hiosbe eoors.

Fust ds tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs cds dl kltbrbst kl mdnklj surb tcdt spdtswktc Hcklds Lortc Norbdl wdre eo lot turl klto ekrbht holkhtswktc Abkfklj, Zdsckljtol diso cds d stdnb kl prbvbltklj tcb bshdidtkolo hrksbs mdlu dhturbe kl Wdnkstdl. Kt ks cdre to kmdjklb tcdt Hckld ortcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs wouie ebikabrdtbiy hcoosb to bshdidtb d R.X.-Wdnkstdlhrksks klspkrbe, or klstdlhb, ay d tbrrorkst dttdhn kl tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbspbrpbtrdtbe ay d jroup adsbe kl Wdnkstdl. Bvbl so, dhhkeblts dle mks-hommulkhdtkols wouie cdvb tcb potbltkdi to pusc suhc holtkljblhkbskl edljbrous, ulkltblebe ekrbhtkols.

WD N K X UD L D X D U C Q B DU U O K L EK D X J QOZU C

Bvbl d mdrjkldi ebhrbdsb kl Klekds jrowtc rdtb wkii proiolj kts ebvbiop-mbltdi pdtc dle ekmklksc kts hdpdhkty to pidy d jrbdtbr roib kl tcb woriekl wdys Zdsckljtol copbs to sbb kl tcb ebhdebs to homb, klhiueklj wktcrbspbht to adidlhklj Hcklbsb klublhb kl Dskd.

Qbhblt ckstory sujjbsts tcdt tcb prkmdry mbdls ay wckhc d cos-tkib Wdnkstdl wouie ulebrmklb Klekd ks tcroujc tbrrorksm. Dl kltblsbhdmpdkjl o tbrrorkst dttdhns kl Klekd ay Wdnkstdl-adsbe jroups wouieekstrdht Lbw Ebick dle ulebrmklb ldtkoldi jrowtc ay shdrklj o klvbs-

tors dle eksruptklj lormdi ausklbss opbrdtkols. Xuhc dttdhns cdvb curtKlekds bholomy kl tcb pdst. Kl houltrkbs tcdt routklbiy su br romtbrrorksm, iknb Ksrdbi, tcb hosts to jross eombstkh proeuht (JEW) hdlab skjlkfflhdlt.41 Kleo-Wdnkstdlk costkikty cds diwdys kmposbe dl bho-lomkh erdj ol aotc houltrkbs, spurrklj tcbm to ekvbrt shdrhb rbsourhbsto drms aukieups (klhiueklj luhibdr wbdpols) dle dwdy rom otcbrklvbstmblts, suhc ds kl rdstruhturb dle beuhdtkol. Kleo-Wdnkstdlk mkik-tdry moakikzdtkols, suhc ds tcosb tcdt ohhurrbe kl dle , cdvbkmposbe skjlkfflhdlt cumdl dle fflldlhkdi hosts.48

Klekds iolj-tbrm bholomkh jrowtc ks dirbdey cdmpbrbe ay Wdnk-stdls oastruhtkol o ovbridle dhhbss to blbrjy rbsourhbs kl HbltrdiDskd. Ucb pbrskstblhb o poiktkhdi adrrkbrs to hommbrhb wktc Wdnkstdl,


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wckhc wouie otcbrwksb ab ds ldturdi d trdeb dle klvbstmblt pdrtlbr dsHdlded ks to tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs, wkii rbtdre Klekds jrowtc.

Ucb adhnerop o pbrskstblt tbrrktorkdi eksputbs dle ebbp ekstrustmdnbs lbw Kleo-Wdnkstdlk holkhts stbmmklj rom hross-aorebr vko-iblhb, proxy holkhts kl D jcdlkstdl, or dhhbss to wdtbr (pdrtkhuidriy

rbscwdtbr rom tcb dlludi Ckmdidydl jidhkbr mbit) quktb piduskaib.Dle uliknb bdriy Kleo-Wdnkstdlk wdrs ( , , ), dly uturb hol-kht wouie cdvb tcb potbltkdi to bshdidtb pdst tcb luhibdr tcrbscoie.45 Qbsourhbs tcdt Klekd diiohdtbs to deerbssklj suhc mkiktdry holtkljbl-hkbs drb lot dvdkidaib or promotklj bholomkh ebvbiopmblt (kl rdstruh-turb, beuhdtkol). @dr worsb, dlotcbr mdfor wdr wktc Wdnkstdl wouieiknbiy cdvb ebvdstdtklj holsbqublhbs ol Klekds bholomy, ulebrhuttkljR.X. kltbrbsts ay wbdnblklj Klekds roib ds dl blcdlhbe rbjkoldi houl-tbradidlhb to Hcklds bholomkh mkjct.

WD N K X UD L D X D HO LX U QR H U K P B Q BJ K O LD I HO L U Q K AR U O Q

Ditcoujc tcbrb drb mdly rbdsols to bdr tcdt Wdnkstdls edultkljeombstkh hcdiibljbs wkii ibde kt eowl d ebstruhtkvb pdtc, tcbrb drb disohoultbrvdkiklj rbdsols to copb or dl kmprovbe Wdnkstdl tcdt abjkls tohol rolt hcdiibljbs to sbhurkty dle ebvbiopmblt dt comb dle ks klhrbds-kljiy prbpdrbe to holtrkautb to rbjkoldi bholomkh jrowtc dle pbdhb.

@or Wdnkstdl to pidy suhc d holstruhtkvb rbjkoldi roib, kts hkvkikdl dlemkiktdry ibdebrs wouie fflrst lbbe to kmpibmblt bholomkh rb orms dleaukie abttbr demklkstrdtkvb klstktutkols. Ksidmdade wouie diso lbbe to

tdnb ek huit stbps to jbt kts owl cousb kl orebr, stdrtklj ay tdhniklj ktscombjrowl lbtworns o vkoiblt bxtrbmksm. D stdaib, strolj Wdnkstdlwouie ebdi d aiow to edljbrous tbrrorkst jroups dle tcbkr d ikdtbsopbrdtklj kl rbjkols rom Xoutcbdst Dskd dle wbstbrl Hckld to HbltrdiDskd dle tcb Mkeeib Bdst.

K , or klstdlhb, Wdnkstdls ibdebrs, klhiueklj sblkor mkiktdry o hbrs,ikvb up to tcbkr rbhblt rcbtorkh daout kmpibmbltklj d lbw ldtkoldi sbhu-rkty strdtbjy tcdt prkorktkzbs tcb lbbe to tdhnib kltbrldi sbhurkty tcrbdts,tcbl tcby wouie ab tdnklj soike stbps kl tcks ekrbhtkol.42 Kl tcks holtbxt,pdst R.X. mkiktdry dsskstdlhb cds scowl kt hdl pdy ekvkebles> Wdnkstdlkmkiktdry opbrdtkols kl tcb trkadi drbds diolj kts aorebr wktc D jcdlk-stdl cdvb ablbffltbe rom R.X. bqukpmblt dle trdklklj. Ditcoujc ebbp


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jblbrdiiy bxpbhtbe, Wdnkstdl ks ulusudiiy wbii posktkolbe to pidy d lol-dikjlbe roib, kl wckhc kt wouie mdkltdkl tkbs wktc aotc Zdsckljtol dleAbkfklj dle rbdp tcb ablbfflts o bdhc rbidtkolsckp wktcout cdvklj topkhn skebs. Kl tcdt hdsb, Zdsckljtol wouie ab daib to usb holtdhts dledhhbss klskeb Wdnkstdl to morb bdskiy trdhn dle rbspole to Hcklbsb ekp-iomdtkh, mkiktdry, dle hommbrhkdi dhtkvktkbs kl Xoutc dle Hbltrdi Dskd.K R.X.-Hckld rbidtkols swklj towdre jrbdtbr hompbtktkol dle holkht,tcb utkikty o tcdt vdltdjb poklt ol Hcklds wbstbrl dln wouie jrow.Ditbrldtkvbiy, k R.X.-Hckld rbidtkols trble towdre wdrmbr hoopbrd-tkol, Wdnkstdl wouie ab d jooe pidhb or Zdsckljtol dle Abkfklj toprdhtkhb wornklj tojbtcbr kl tcb sbrvkhb o rbjkoldi bholomkh jrowtcdle sbhurkty.


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Dt kssub ks wcbtcbr tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs ks abttbr o ebdiklj wktc Wdnk-stdl tcroujc d aurbduhrdtkh dle strdtbjkh rdmbworn tcdt holtklubsto prkorktkzb hollbhtkols wktc D jcdlkstdl, or k kt mdnbs morb sblsb

or tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs to rborkblt kts Wdnkstdl strdtbjy towdre d wkebrDskdl dpprodhc.

O W U K O L 6 H O L U K L R B D @ - WD N X U Q D U B J[

Dt prbsblt, R.X. strdtbjy towdre Wdnkstdl rbmdkls prkmdrkiy rootbe

kl post- / D -Wdn kssubs6 tcb houltbrtbrror hdmpdkjl dle tcb wdr klD jcdlkstdl. Ucks strdtbjkh bmpcdsks ks diso rbbhtbe kl aurbduhrdtkhstruhturbs o poikhymdnklj kl Zdsckljtol, wcbrb tcb R.X. ebpdrt-mblts o Xtdtb dle Eb blsb, ds wbii ds tcb Ldtkoldi Xbhurkty Xtd ,cdvb dii abbl rbholffljurbe dt vdrkous poklts eurklj tcb pdst ebhdeb tokmprovb hoorekldtkol dle bxpdle rbsourhbs or R.X. poikhkbs tcdt spdltcb D jcdlkstdl-Wdnkstdl aorebr. Uo tcb bxtblt tcdt R.X. poikhy cds hol-skebrbe Wdnkstdl kl d rbjkoldi holtbxt, kt cds hbltbrbe ol D jcdlkstdl,

suhc ds tcroujc tcb Qbjkoldi Bholomkh Hoopbrdtkol Hol brblhbs ortcb lbw skin rode shcbmb to klhrbdsb trdeb dle trdlskt vkd D jcdlkstdlklto Hbltrdi Dskd.

Ucb hckb rbdsol to holtklub pursuklj tcks dpprodhc towdre Wdnk-stdl ks tcdt tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs cds holskebrdaib ulffllkscbe ausklbss kltcb D -Wdn port oiko. Urub, Zdsckljtol cds shorbe skjlkfflhdlt vkhtorkbsdjdklst di-Tdbed kl Wdnkstdl dle D jcdlkstdl. Dle homb wcdt mdy,tcb Oadmd demklkstrdtkol cds hibdriy rbsoivbe to eowlskzb tcb R.X.mkiktdry prbsblhb kl D jcdlkstdl ovbr tcb hoursb o . Bvbl so, tcbRlktbe Xtdtbs stkii cds d iolj ikst o ulmbt jodis or Wdnkstdl tcdt drbekrbhtiy rbidtbe to tcb D -Wdn djbled o houltbrtbrrorksm dle wdr.

Wdnkstdl Xtrdtbjy6 D -Wdn Pbrsus Dskd


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Zdsckljtols to-eo ikst wktc Wdnkstdl stdrts wktc tcb iojkstkhdipuzzib o cow to hibdr d vdst klvbltory o R.X. suppikbs, vbckhibs, dlebqukpmblt rom D jcdl adttibfflbies. Wdnkstdls rodes dle ports o brtcb dstbst, hcbdpbst routb comb, aut rbhblt bxpbrkblhb cds tdujct tcbRlktbe Xtdtbs tcdt kt hdllot tdnb tcb ulkmpbebe ow o wdr mdtbrkbitcroujc Wdnkstdl or jrdltbe. 4: Morb jblbrdiiy, Ksidmdade wkii pidy dlkmportdlt roib kl ebtbrmklklj wcbtcbr bvbl Zdsckljtols shdibe-adhndmaktkols or post- D jcdlkstdl wkii suhhbbe. Cow Wdnkstdl usbskts rbidtkolsckps wktc D jcdl Udikadl ibdebrs wkii, or klstdlhb, cdvbd ekrbht b bht ol tcb outhomb o rbholhkikdtkol tdins pursube ay aotcNdaui dle Zdsckljtol.

Bvbl morb holtbltkous akidtbrdi kssubs tcdt cdvb ybt to ab rbsoivbeklhiueb tcb pbrskstblhb o kltbrldtkoldi tbrrorkst sd b cdvbls ol Wdnk-stdlk soki dle tcb R.X. usb o erolbs to dttdhn tcbm. Kl deektkol to di-Tdbed dle kts d ikdtbs, Zdsckljtol cds jrdvb holhbrls daout otcbrvkoiblt bxtrbmkst orjdlkzdtkols adsbe kl Wdnkstdl, somb o wckhciknbIdscndr-b-Udkadcdvb blfoybe tcb support o tcb Wdnkstdlk mkiktdrydle kltbiikjblhb sbrvkhbs.

Ucb Oadmd demklkstrdtkol cds adhnbe kts D -Wdn strdtbjy wktc hol-

skebrdaib rbsourhbs. Dt tcb cbkjct o tcb R.X. mkiktdry hdmpdkjl kl idtb dle , olb culerbe tcousdle R.X. troops surjbe klto D jcdl-kstdl. Qoujciy cdi ds mdly orhbs drb low adsbe kl D jcdlkstdl, autibdnbe eohumblts sujjbst tcdt Zdsckljtol holtklubs to ebvotb blor-mous kltbiikjblhb rbsourhbs to tcb rbjkols sbhurkty tcrbdts.43 Wdnkstdldiso rbmdkls olb o tcb wories idrjbst rbhkpkblts o R.X. dsskstdlhb, wktc@[ bstkmdtbs o ovbr $ mkiikol kl mkiktdry dle $ mkiikol klhkvkikdl dke. Qbkmaursbmblts or Wdnkstdlk mkiktdry opbrdtkols kl sup-

port o tcb wdr kl D jcdlkstdl rul hiosb to $ mkiikol pbr moltc. R.X.mkiktdry dsskstdlhb ks prklhkpdiiy kltblebe to support Wdnkstdls hdpdhktyto ffljct kltbrldi sbhurkty tcrbdts, wcbrbds hkvkikdl dke ks ekrbhtbe towdreebmolstrdtklj tcb vdiub o R.X.-Wdnkstdl hoopbrdtkol dle blcdlhkljWdnkstdls sbhurkty ay cbipklj Ksidmdade deerbss kts eombstkh hcdiibljbso blbrjy, bholomkh jrowtc, stdakikzdtkol, beuhdtkol, dle cbditc. 4;

O W U K O L 6 X C K @ U U O D A Q OD E B Q

D X K D L X U Q DU B J[

Dl Dskd-hbltbrbe strdtbjy or Wdnkstdl wouie cdvb two suastdltkvbproljs, supportbe ay d rbholffljurbe poikhymdnklj aurbduhrdhy tcdt


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bmpcdskzbs Wdnkstdls tkbs to wkebr Dskd rdtcbr tcdl to D jcdlkstdl.Ucb fflrst prolj wouie klhiueb poikhkbs kltblebe to wdre o or qudrdl-tklb Wdnkstdl-adsbe sbhurkty tcrbdts. Kl holtrdst to tcb stdtus quo, tcbprkmdry bmpcdsks wouie sck t dwdy rom D jcdlkstdl dle towdre tcbrbst o Dskd, wcbrb tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs wkii cdvb holskebrdaiy jrbdtbrbholomkh dle strdtbjkh kltbrbsts o kts owl ovbr tcb iolj rul. Ucbsbhole prolj wouie ab ebvotbe to blcdlhklj Wdnkstdls owl sbhurktydle ebvbiopmblt. Rliknb tcb stdtus quo, tcdt b ort wouie ab devdlhbeprklhkpdiiy ay wornklj to kltbjrdtb Wdnkstdl klto tcb posktkvb bholomkhebvbiopmblts o tcb Dskdl rbjkol, stdrtklj wktc trdeb dle klvbstmblt,rdtcbr tcdl ay wdy o idrjb, ekrbht R.X. dsskstdlhb shcbmbs.

O hoursb, tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs ks dirbdey eoklj d jrbdt ebdi to deerbsstcb sbhurkty hcdiibljbs tcdt Wdnkstdls luhibdr wbdpols, tbrrorksts, dlemkiktdlt orjdlkzdtkols posb to tcb wkebr rbjkol. Zcbrb Zdsckljtoldle Ksidmdade cdvb oule hommol hdusbsuhc ds kl ffljctklj djdklstWdnkstdls combjrowl Udikadl klsurjbltstcbrb wouie ab lo rbdsolto ditbr tcb R.X. dpprodhc. Kl otcbr hdsbs, cowbvbr, wcbrb R.X. kltbi-ikjblhb jdtcbrklj dle hovbrt opbrdtkols drb ekrbhtbe djdklst tcrbdtstcb Wdnkstdlk stdtb cds abbl ulwkiiklj to tdhnib, suhc ds tcb Cdqqdlk

lbtworn or IbU, Zdsckljtol wouie lbbe to rbholskebr tcb wkseomo rbmdklklj cbdvkiy ebpbleblt ol R.X. pbrsollbi dle dhkiktkbs lowadsbe kl D jcdlkstdl. Ovbr tcb iolj rul (dle pbrcdps muhc soolbrk Zdsckljtol ks uldaib to lbjotkdtb d sdtks dhtory akidtbrdi sbhurktydjrbbmblt wktc Ndaui), mdkltdklklj d ootcoie kl idleiohnbe D jcdlk-stdl ds d mbdls to ebdi wktc Wdnkstdl-adsbe sbhurkty tcrbdts ks iknbiy toab bxtrdorekldrkiy ek huit dle hostiy.

Kl ikjct o Wdnkstdls jbojrdpckh iohdtkol, Klekd ks tcb oavkous R.X.

ditbrldtkvb to D jcdlkstdl. Kl rbhblt ybdrs, Zdsckljtol dle Lbw Ebickcdvb tdnbl stbps to bxpdle tcbkr houltbrtbrror hoopbrdtkol wktc tcbkltbltkol o aukieklj eb blsbs djdklst uturb dttdhns iknb tcb Idscndr-b-Udkad strknb ol Mumadk kl Lovbmabr .17 Cowbvbr, jkvbl pbrsks-tblt tbrrorkst tcrbdts dle Wdnkstdls hibdr idhn o hdpdhkty (dle, kl sombhdsbs, wkii) to tdhnib tcbm, Zdsckljtol wouie lbbe to rdmp up kts b ortskl Klekd holskebrdaiy, pbrcdps bvbl to tcb poklt o bstdaikscklj mkiktdrydle kltbiikjblhb dhkiktkbs ol Klekdl soki. [bt dly suhc pidl wouie kmmb-ekdtbiy rul up djdklst Klekds ikljbrklj dmakvdiblhb daout tkjctbr tkbswktc tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs. D ebhidrbe R.X. mkiktdry/kltbiikjblhb prbsblhbkl Klekd, bvbl k ekrbhtbe djdklst Wdnkstdl-adsbe sbhurkty tcrbdts, ks orlow d poiktkhdi lolstdrtbr kl Lbw Ebick, wcbrb Klekdl ibdebrs fbdiousiyjudre tcbkr rbbeom rom akleklj diikdlhbs.14


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Ditbrldtkvb R.X. adsklj drrdljbmblts ol tcb Drdakdl Wblklsuidwouie iknbiy provb morb ekpiomdtkhdiiy bdskaib kl tcb scort-to-mbekumtbrm. Bvbl so, sbbnklj hiosbr hoopbrdtkol wktc Klekd ol deerbsskljWdnkstdl-adsbe sbhurkty tcrbdts wouie stkii ab d ckjc prkorkty or Zdsc-kljtol kl tcb holtbxt o dl Dskd-hbltrkh Wdnkstdl strdtbjy. Kl deektkolto o brklj tcb abst jbojrdpckhdi vdltdjb poklt or R.X. mkiktdry dlekltbiikjblhb opbrdtkols djdklst Wdnkstdl-adsbe sbhurkty tcrbdts, kt wouieaukie hiosbr wornklj rbidtkolsckps tcdt sbrvb tcb arodebr R.X. jodi opdrtlbrsckp wktc Klekd.

Uo ab hibdr, dl Dskd-orkbltbe strdtbjy towdre Wdnkstdl wouie su brk kt ks ebffllbe prkmdrkiy ay dl ovbrt R.X. tkit towdre Klekd dt Wdnkstdlsbxpblsb. R.X. b orts to promotb jrbdtbr houltbrtbrror hoopbrdtkolwktc Klekd wouie tcbrb orb lbbe to ab hompibmbltbe ay ekpiomdtkhoutrbdhc to Hckld. Ucb mdkl R.X. jodi wouie ab to blhourdjb Abkfklj tohoulsbi rbstrdklt kl Ksidmdade. @ortuldtbiy, Hcklds jrowklj kltbrbst kld sbhurb wbstbrl roltkbr, holhbrls daout vkoiblt bxtrbmksm, dle ebskrbto bxpdle hommbrhkdi dhtkvktkbs kl Klekd dle Hbltrdi Dskd ibde Abkfkljto scdrb wktc Zdsckljtol dt ibdst d adskh ebskrb to sbb Wdnkstdl rbkl kl ktstbrrorksts dle rbeuhb tblskols wktc Klekd.

Morb jblbrdiiy, dly R.X. strdtbjy ohusbe ldrrowiy ol sbhurktytcrbdts wkii dikbldtb Wdnkstdlks dle rbkl orhb d edljbrous costkikty romWdnkstdls bibhtbe dle ulk ormbe ibdebrsckp. Ucb sbhole prolj o tcbR.X. dpprodhc wouie tcbrb orb ab ebffllbe ay R.X. b orts to blhourdjbWdnkstdls kltbjrdtkol klto Dskdl mdrnbts dle poiktkhdi-bholomkh klstk-tutkols ds d mbdls o jrowklj Wdnkstdls bholomy dle, ay bxtblskol,kmprovklj kts prospbhts or pbdhb dle rbjkoldi hoopbrdtkol. Ucb DskdlEbvbiopmblt Adln (DEA) dltkhkpdtbs tcdt wkii sbb . pbrhblt

jrowtc kl tcb ebvbiopklj houltrkbs o Dskd, wbii daovb Wdnkstdls .pbrhblt kl . K Wdnkstdl hdl dttrdht jrbdtbr rbjkoldi trdeb dle klvbst-mblt, kt wouie cdvb d dr abttbr hcdlhb o ablbffltklj rom rbidtkvbiyiow idaor hosts dle jdkl uiiy bmpioyklj kts swbiiklj youlj popuidtkolrdtcbr tcdl su brklj rom tcb sohkdi dle poiktkhdi upcbdvdis otcbrwksbdssohkdtbe wktc d mdsskvb youtc auijb. Lot oliy wouie tcks kmprovbprospbhts or Wdnkstdls kltbrldi sbhurkty, kt wouie diso rbeuhb tcb iknbik-cooe o Wdnkstdls abhomklj d spokibr o rbjkoldi pbdhb.

@or Zdsckljtol, tcb qubstkol ks cow abst to cbip Wdnkstdl kltbjrdtbktsbi klto tcb wkebr rbjkoldi bholomy. Ucb Rlktbe Xtdtbs wouie lbbe todpprodhc tcb proaibm kl two wdys6 fflrst ay hrbdtklj klhbltkvbs or Wdnk-stdl dle kts lbkjcaors to arbdn eowl bxkstklj poiktkhdi dle rbjuidtory


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adrrkbrs to trdeb dle klvbstmblt, dle sbhole ay rbdiiohdtklj skjlkfflhdltR.X. dsskstdlhb dle fflldlhklj to kl rdstruhturb profbhts, suhc ds rodes,ports, dle pkpbiklbs, tcdt rbeuhb tcb hosts o trdeb dle trdlskt.

Ol tcb klhbltkvb skeb, Zdsckljtol houie, or klstdlhb, edljib tcbhdrrot o R.X. mdrnbt dhhbss ds d mbdls to blhourdjb Kleo-Wdnkstdlktrdeb lormdikzdtkol. Xomb o tcb otcbr R.X. ebvbiopmblt profbhtsdirbdey ulebr wdy kl Wdnkstdl, klhiueklj cyerobibhtrkh edm profbhts,wouie holtklub to mdnb sblsb ds pdrt o d jblbrdi strdtbjy to blhourdjbrbjkoldi klvbstmblt kl Wdnkstdls kleustrkdi sbhtor. Blbrjy scortdjbsdiolb drb bstkmdtbe to cdvb host Wdnkstdl ds muhc ds pbrhblt o ktsJEW kl rbhblt ybdrs. 11

Z B K J C K L J U C B O W U K O L X

Xck tklj R.X. strdtbjy ol Wdnkstdl wouie rbqukrb ekpiomdtkh dle pro-jrdmmdtkh hcdljbs supportbe ay d rborjdlkzbe aurbduhrdhy. Ucbhcdljbs wouie uleouatbeiy hrbdtb tbmpordry eksruptkols dle hosts,aut tcbrb drb jooe rbdsols to abikbvb tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs wouie stkii ab

abttbr o deoptklj dl Dskd-orkbltbe strdtbjy or Wdnkstdl dle movkljdwdy rom tcb prbsblt D -Wdn dpprodhc.Ucb prklhkpdi proaibm wktc tcb D -Wdn strdtbjy ks tcdt tcb Rlktbe

Xtdtbs iolj-tbrm hommktmblt to D jcdlkstdls sbhurkty ks lo ioljbrhrbekaib rom tcb Wdnkstdlk poklt o vkbw. Ucb Oadmd demklkstrd-tkols tkmbtdaib or mkiktdry erdweowl dle trdls br o dutcorkty toD jcdl orhbs kl cds sblt tcb ulmkstdndaib skjldi to Ksidmdadetcdt R.X. kltbrbsts kl D jcdlkstdl drb ffllktb dle ewkleiklj. Otcbr R.X.

poikhy hcokhbs, suhc ds ibdvklj opbl tcb zbro optkol or R.X. orhbs klD jcdlkstdl d tbr , cdvb urtcbr rbkl orhbe Wdnkstdlk bxpbhtdtkolstcdt d hompibtb R.X. wktcerdwdi ks iknbiy kl tcb lbdr uturb. DitcoujcR.X. ekpiomdts dle o hbrs kl Ndaui routklbiy rbfbht Wdnkstdls snbptk-hdi dssbssmblt o tcb R.X. hommktmblt, tcb Wdnkstdlk vkbw ks holskstbltwktc tcb poiktkhs o tcb wdr adhn kl tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs, wcbrb popuidrsupport cds erkbe up dle sblkor demklkstrdtkol o hkdis dppbdr wkiikljto dhhbpt tcb puaikhs vbrekht.

Kl tcks holtbxt, d R.X. strdtbjy tcdt iklns D jcdlkstdl dle Wdnkstdldiso klekhdtbs tcb idhn o d iolj-tbrm R.X. kltbrbst kl Wdnkstdl. K /dle tcb D jcdl wdr aroujct tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs adhn to Wdnkstdl d tbrd ebhdeb o rbidtkvb ekskltbrbst, tcb ble o tcdt wdr ks, ay Wdnkstdlk


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hdihuidtkols, iknbiy to ibde to dlotcbr pbrkoe o R.X. dadleolmblt. Ucbol-djdkl, o -djdkl ckstory o tcb R.X.-Wdnkstdl rbidtkolsckp supportstcks holhiuskol, bvbl ds R.X. o hkdis eutk uiiy moutc tcbkr kltbltkols tomdkltdkl dl kltblsb ohus ol Wdnkstdl, aotc wktc rbspbht to ebdiklj wktcsbhurkty tcrbdts dle to ostbrklj pbdhb dle bholomkh jrowtc.

Ucb Oadmd demklkstrdtkols suastdltkvb dle aurbduhrdtkh bxhiu-skol o Wdnkstdl rom kts arodebr strdtbjy or Dskd hompoules tcb R.X.hommktmblt proaibm. Rliknb lbkjcaorklj Klekd, or klstdlhb, Wdnkstdlks holspkhuousiy dasblt rom o hkdi R.X. proloulhbmblts daout tcbrbadidlhklj. Dle Zdsckljtols poikhkbs drb holskstblt wktc kts rcbtorkh.@or klstdlhb, ldshblt R.X. klktkdtkvbs to promotb rbjkoldi kltbjrdtkoldhross Xoutc dle Xoutcbdst Dskd, suhc ds tcb Kleo-Wdhkfflh BholomkhHorrkeor, ble dt tcb Klekdl aorebr. D skmkidr poklt coies or otcbr R.X.sbhurkty klktkdtkvbs kl Dskd, wckhc drb klhrbdskljiy iknbiy to klhiueb Klekd,aut lbvbr Wdnkstdl.18

Ds d holsbqublhb, poikhymdnbrs dle dldiysts kl Ksidmdade cdvb abblib t to erdw tcbkr owl holhiuskols daout R.X. kltbltkols kl Dskd dle cowtcosb kltbltkols wkii jukeb R.X. poikhkbs kl Wdnkstdl. Wdnkstdlks tble torbde tcb R.X. rbadidlhklj ds d strdtbjy dkmbe dt holtdklklj Hckld, olb

o Wdnkstdls oliy diikbs> tkitklj towdre Klekd, Wdnkstdls drhcblbmy> dlekjlorklj Wdnkstdl.15 Dii toie, tcb prbsblt R.X. dpprodhc o iklnklj Wdnkstdl wktc D jcdlk-

stdl wckib bxhiueklj kt rom tcb wkebr Dskdl djbled bbes Wdnkstdlkdlxkbtkbs kl houltbrproeuhtkvb wdys. Ckstory sujjbsts tcdt klsbhurktycds rdrbiy ibe Ksidmdade to rbstrdklt, bspbhkdiiy wcbl kt hombs to tcb

bdr o Klekdl cbjbmoly. Ds kl tcb pdst, Wdnkstdls mkiktdry ks morbiknbiy to klvbst d eksproportkoldtb scdrb o tcb stdtbs rbsourhbs kl

holvbltkoldi drms dle luhibdr mksskibs, dle morb klhiklbe to hiklj tomkiktdlt dle tbrrorkst jroups (iknb IbU) ds dsymmbtrkhdi toois to houl-tbr Klekds jrbdtbr skzb dle mkiktdry mkjct. Uo pdrdpcrdsb Wdnkstdls

ormbr prkmb mklkstbr, Vuifflndr Dik Acutto, Ksidmdade wouie soolbrbdt jrdss tcdl suhhuma to Lbw Ebicks eomkldlhb. D uturb o jrdssbdtklj wouie, o hoursb, dhhbibrdtb d vkhkous hyhib o kldebqudtb klvbst-mblt kl Wdnkstdls pbopib, eombstkh klstktutkols, dle kl rdstruhturb. Ktwouie rblebr Ksidmdade bvbl ibss hdpdaib o deerbssklj tcb beuhdtkoldidle bholomkh dspkrdtkols o kts pbopib, dle ovbr tkmb mdnb kt morbvuilbrdaib to rbvoiutkoldry hcdiibljbrs dt tcb iohdi dle ldtkoldi ibvbis.Jkvbl Zdsckljtols holhbrls daout tcb Wdnkstdlk luhibdr projrdmdle tbrrorkst lbtwornsto sdy lotcklj o tcb R.X. kltbrbst kl tcb wkebrrbjkoltcbsb ebvbiopmblts wouie ab most ulwbihomb.


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Ay klstbde deoptklj d strdtbjy tcdt bmpcdskzbs hollbhtkols abtwbblWdnkstdl dle R.X. kltbrbsts kl Dskds pbdhb dle bholomkh jrowtc, R.X.o hkdis wouie morb hrbekaiy skjldi Zdsckljtols iolj-tbrm hommkt-mblt to ebdiklj wktc tcb vdrkous hcdiibljbs tcdt Wdnkstdl prbsblts, lomdttbr wcdt cdppbls kl lbkjcaorklj D jcdlkstdl. Xkmuitdlbousiy, ayhommulkhdtklj d posktkvb vkskol o Wdnkstdls kltbjrdtkol klto d pbdhb-

ui dle prospbrous Dskd, R.X. o hkdis wouie ab dsskstklj Wdnkstdlsebvbiopmblt kl wdys tcdt drb iknbiy to ab morb popuidr dle b bhtkvbtcdl pdst R.X. dsskstdlhb b orts.

Uo ab surb, tcb suhhbss o tcks two-proljbe strdtbjy wkii ebpble olWdnkstdls owl poikhkbs dle trdfbhtory. K , ebspktb R.X. b orts, Wdnkstdlhdllot or wkii lot pursub d pdtc towdre pbdhb ui rbjkoldi bholomkhkltbjrdtkol, tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs wouie lbbe to rbiy morb cbdvkiy ol tcbfflrst prolj o kts strdtbjy ebvotbe to protbhtklj R.X. kltbrbsts kl Dskd

rom Wdnkstdl-adsbe sbhurkty tcrbdts. Rlwbihomb ds tcdt shbldrkowouie ab, dt ibdst d two-proljbe strdtbjy o brs Zdsckljtol d aukit-kl

diiadhn optkol.


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Uo movb dwdy rom tcb D -Wdn dpprodhc dle kmpibmblt d arodebr two-proljbe Dskd strdtbjy or Wdnkstdl, tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs scouie tdnb tcb

oiiowklj mkiktdry, ekpiomdtkh, dle bholomkh stbps, dii supportbe ay drborjdlkzdtkol o tcb poikhymdnklj aurbduhrdhy.

D EE Q B X X WD N K X UD L - AD X B E U C QB DU XU O Q B J K O L D I X B H R Q K U [

Uo bldaib d iolj-tbrm ohus ol Wdnkstdl-adsbe sbhurkty tcrbdts to tcb

wkebr Dskdl rbjkol, tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs scouie tdnb tcb oiiowklj stbps6 R.X. ekpiomdts scouie qukbtiy sbbn to klktkdtb d ekdiojub ol Wdnkstdl

wktc tcbkr Hcklbsb houltbrpdrts kl tcb Mklkstry o @orbkjl D dkrs.Wdst hrksbs kl Xoutc Dskd (poiktkhdi upcbdvdi kl Wdnkstdl, Kleo-Wdn-kstdlk stdleo s) cdvb spurrbe bpksoekh ekdiojubs dle hoopbrdtkolabtwbbl Zdsckljtol dle Abkfklj, so klktkdi R.X. ekpiomdtkh ovbrturbswouie rbhdii tcosb suhhbssbs dle strbss tcb lbbe to prbvblt skmkidrshbldrkos. Kl deektkol, R.X. ekpiomdts scouie holtklub to ebvbiophrksks mdldjbmblt pidls dle protohois, klhiueklj or tcb tkmbiyscdrklj o sblsktkvb kltbiikjblhb. Xbsskols scouie diso ab holvblbesbpdrdtbiy rom otcbr ormdi R.X.-Hckld tdins iknb tcb Xtrdtbjkh dleBholomkh Ekdiojub kl orebr to dvoke tcb ekstrdhtkols o d pbrpbtudiiyovbrhrowebe akidtbrdi djbled.

Xtdrtklj wktc tcb ldtkoldi sbhurkty devksbr to tcb prkmb mklkstbr oKlekd, sblkor R.X. ldtkoldi sbhurkty o hkdis scouie abjkl to ekshussoptkols or skjlkfflhdltiy bxpdlebe houltbrtbrror hoopbrdtkol wktctcbkr Klekdl houltbrpdrts, up to dle klhiueklj tcb posskakikty oadsklj R.X. mkiktdry dle/or kltbiikjblhb opbrdtkvbs kl Klekd to deerbss

Qbhommbledtkols or R.X. Woikhy


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Wdnkstdl-adsbe tbrrorkst tcrbdts kl d post-D jcdlkstdl holtbxt. Ucbsbholvbrsdtkols wouie ab poiktkhdiiy sblsktkvb, so tcby scouie abjkl oliyd tbr tcb lbxt Klekdl jovbrlmblt ks bibhtbe kl tcb sprklj. K ekpiomdtkhekshusskols mdnb projrbss, tcb Wbltdjol scouie worn wktc mbmabrso tcb R.X. kltbiikjblhb hommulkty to ebvbiop spbhkfflh kmpibmbltd-tkol pidls or ol-tcb-jroule opbrdtkols kl Klekd.

Uo prbpdrb or d iknbiy shbldrko kl wckhc lbktcbr D jcdlkstdl lorKlekd o brs debqudtb adsklj opportulktkbs or R.X. mkiktdry dle kltbi-ikjblhb opbrdtkols ekrbhtbe djdklst Wdnkstdl-adsbe sbhurkty tcrbdts,tcb Wbltdjol dle HKD scouie kebltk y dle ebvbiop ditbrldtkvb sktbs,most iknbiy ol tcb Drdakdl Wblklsuid dle dt sbd, wcbrb suhc b ortshdl ab sustdklbe dle bxpdlebe ds lbhbssdry ovbr tcb iolj rul. Ucbhost o tcbsb adsbs, wckib holskebrdaib, wouie ab ibss tcdl rbtdklklj

dhkiktkbs kl d vkoiblhb-pidjube D jcdlkstdl dle ibss iknbiy to drousbWdnkstdlk bdrs tcdl adsbs kl Klekd.

Ucb Eb blsb dle Xtdtb ebpdrtmblts scouie worn wktc Wdnkstdls lbwmkiktdry dle hkvkikdl ibdebrs to pidl post- dsskstdlhb to Wdnkstdlk

orhbs klvoivbe kl kltbrldi sbhurkty opbrdtkols dle mdkltdkl trdkl-klj, bqukpmblt, dle fflldlhkdi support dt prbsblt ibvbis. Holjrbssscouie dutcorkzb dle dpproprkdtb ules dpprodhcklj tcb hurrbltdmoult o $ mkiikol pbr ybdr. Hodiktkol Xupport @ule (HX@)rbkmaursbmblts or Wdnkstdlk mkiktdry opbrdtkols kl support o tcbkltbrldtkoldi mkiktdry prbsblhb kl D jcdlkstdl scouie ab rbeuhbe,hommblsurdtb wktc tcb lumabr o R.X. troops ebpioybe tcbrb dletcb roib Wdnkstdl pidys kl promotklj D jcdl pbdhb.

Rliknb tcb HX@, lbw R.X. mkiktdry dke to Wdnkstdl scouie lot ab iklnbeprkmdrkiy to tcb D jcdlkstdl wdr. Kt scouie klstbde ab holektkolbe olWdnkstdls b ort to deerbss kltbrldi sbhurkty tcrbdts, rom tcb Wdnk-stdlk Udikadl to vkoiblt sbhtdrkdl jroups, dle ol Wdnkstdls ovbrdiihommktmblt to houltbrklj vkoiblt bxtrbmksm ol kts soki. Qdtcbr tcdldl dii-or-lotcklj dpprodhc o ibjksidtklj ormdi holektkoldikty olR.X. dke, Holjrbss scouie, ds kt cds kl rbhblt ybdrs, worn hiosbiy wktctcb Zcktb Cousb dle Xtdtb Ebpdrtmblt to hdikardtb eksaursbmbltso mkiktdry dsskstdlhb kl ekrbht rbspolsb to spbhkfflh Wdnkstdlk poik-hkbs dle opbrdtkols, blhourdjklj dle supportklj holstruhtkvb movbswckib skmuitdlbousiy ekshourdjklj otcbrs.


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X C K @ U ZD X C K L J U O L X W R A I K H M B X X D J BUO WDN KXUDL

Ucb Rlktbe Xtdtbs scouie hibdriy skjldi to Wdnkstdl dle otcbr rbjkoldipidybrs cow kt kltbles to erdw Wdnkstdl klto kts arodebr Dskdl strdtbjytcoujc tcb oiiowklj stbps6

Ucb R.X. bmadssy kl Ksidmdade scouie puaikhiy ckjcikjct Zdscklj-tols pidls to klhiueb Wdnkstdl kl arodebr R.X. rbjkoldi bholomkhkltbjrdtkol dle ebvbiopmblt shcbmbs ds pdrt o Zdsckljtols rbadi-dlhklj strdtbjy. Xblkor R.X. o hkdis scouie klhiueb Wdnkstdl kl tcbkr

ikst o rbadidlhklj pdrtlbrs kl Dskd. Ucb Xtdtb Ebpdrtmblt scouie spolsor d Urdhn KK (loljovbrlmbltdi)

ekdiojub ol tcb arodebr Dskdl rbjkol tcdt klhiuebs Wdnkstdlk, Hck-lbsb, dle Klekdl pdrtkhkpdlts rom rbibvdlt dhdebmkh klstktutkolsdle tcb prkvdtb sbhtor. Ucb orum scouie abjkl ay ohusklj ol drbdso mutudi kltbrbst (suhc ds shkbltkfflh dle tbhclkhdi beuhdtkol) wckibdvokeklj cot-auttol kssubs (suhc ds Ndscmkr dle otcbr tbrrktorkdi eks-putbs) to blhourdjb pdrtkhkpdtkol. K tcb quderkidtbrdi orum mbbts

routklbiy dle aukies d lbtworn o rbjuidr pdrtkhkpdlts, d tbr sbvbrdiybdrs kt scouie klvktb o hkdi jovbrlmblt pdrtkhkpdtkol dle scouiediso abjkl to tdhnib morb ekvkskvb rbjkoldi topkhs suhc ds luhibdr drmsholtroi, trdlskt, blbrjy, dle wdtbr.

H Q B D U B O W W O Q U R L K U K B X @ O Q WD N K X U D L X Q BJ K O LD I K L U B J Q DU K OL

Ditcoujc Zdsckljtol hdllot skljib-cdlebeiy bldaib Wdnkstdls kltb-jrdtkol kl tcb wkebr Dskdl rbjkol, kt scouie tdnb tcb oiiowklj stbps toblhourdjb suhc ebvbiopmblts6

R.X. ekpiomdts dle trdeb o hkdis scouie lbjotkdtb d prb brbltkdi R.X.trdeb dhhbss ebdi or Klekd, D jcdlkstdl, dle Wdnkstdl holektkolbeol rbeuhbe adrrkbrs to kltrdrbjkoldi trdeb. Wdnkstdl cds iolj soujcttdrk - rbb dhhbss to tcb R.X. mdrnbt or kts tbxtkibs, aut suhc ebdis cdvblbvbr mdeb cbdewdy kl Holjrbss bvbl tcoujc tcby drb lot bxpbhtbeto cdvb dly skjlkfflhdlt b bht ol R.X. holsumbrs or proeuhbrs. Ioop-klj Klekd dle D jcdlkstdl klto tcb b ort wouie sbrvb tcb eudi purposb


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o kmprovklj prospbhts or bldaiklj ibjksidtkol dle blhourdjklj tcbKleo-Wdnkstdlk lormdikzdtkol prohbss.12

Ldshblt R.X. b orts to promotb dl Kleo-Wdhkfflh bholomkh hor-rkeor dle d lbw skin rode iklnklj D jcdlkstdl to Hbltrdi Dskdscouie ab tkbe tojbtcbr tcroujc Wdnkstdl. 10 Uo bldaib tcks, tcb XtdtbEbpdrtmblts aurbdus o Xoutc dle Hbltrdi Dskdl D dkrs dleBdst Dskd dle Wdhkfflh D dkrs> tcb O hb o tcb Xpbhkdi Qbprbsbltd-tkvb or D jcdlkstdl dle Wdnkstdl, diolj wktc houltbrpdrt o hbskl tcb R.X. Djblhy or Kltbrldtkoldi Ebvbiopmblt (RXDKE)> dle,to d ibssbr bxtblt, tcb Wbltdjol dle O hb o tcb R.X. Urdeb Qbp-rbsbltdtkvb scouie holsuit wktc tcbkr Wdnkstdlk houltbrpdrts kl tcbwornklj jroups o tcb R.X.-Wdnkstdl strdtbjkh ekdiojub to kebltk ytcb kl rdstruhturdi, rbjuidtory, dle poiktkhdi jdps tcdt stdle abtwbbltcbsb two rbjkoldi klktkdtkvbs. Uo sbhurb outskeb uleklj dle klvbst-mblt or hollbhtklj profbhts suhc ds rodes, aorebr hrosskljs, dlepowbr iklbs, R.X. dle Wdnkstdlk ekpiomdts scouie worn tojbtcbr todpprodhc tcb DEA dle otcbr potbltkdi ulebrs, suhc ds Fdpdl. Dstcb b ort mdturbs, R.X. ekpiomdts scouie worn wktc Wdnkstdl toholvblb rbjkoldi hol brblhbs (skmkidr to tcb Qbjkoldi BholomkhHoopbrdtkol Hol brblhbs ol D jcdlkstdl) to deerbss rbmdklkljtbhclkhdi adrrkbrs to rbjkoldi trdeb dle trdlskt.

RXDKE dle tcb Xtdtb Ebpdrtmblt scouie ible fflldlhkdi dle ekpio-mdtkh support to tcb Uurnmblkstdl-D jcdlkstdl-Wdnkstdl-Klekd(UDWK) pkpbiklb profbht. Kl deektkol to oljoklj b orts to cbip tcbprofbht dhckbvb lbhbssdry prkvdtb fflldlhklj, R.X. ekpiomdts kl Ndauiscouie holvblb tcb pdrtkhkpdtklj stdtbs to pidl dle ule sbhurktymbdsurbs or pkpbiklb holstruhtkol kl post- D jcdlkstdl, suhc dsebekhdtbe D jcdl judre ulkts, sklhb tcb prklhkpdi oastdhib to proj-rbss ks tcb tcrbdt o vkoiblhb.

@uturb R.X. hkvkikdl dke to Wdnkstdl scouie ab ebvotbe to kmprovkljWdnkstdls trdeb dle trdlskt kl rdstruhturb, bspbhkdiiy kts sbdportsdle idle ports, ds wbii ds promotklj ausklbss ebvbiopmblt (tcroujcprojrdms iknb RXDKEs Wdnkstdl Wrkvdtb Klvbstmblt Klktkdtkvb).1: Uomdnb tcks posskaib, tcb Oadmd demklkstrdtkol scouie sbbn to rbtdkl

uleklj ibvbis lbdr tcosb dutcorkzbe ay bxkstklj ibjksidtkol. Cowbvbr,jkvbl bxpbhtdtkols o dt or ebhiklklj R.X. dsskstdlhb auejbts, ovbrdiihkvkikdl dsskstdlhb to Wdnkstdl ks uliknbiy to rbdhc $ akiikol pbr ybdr.Ds d holsbqublhb, R.X. rbsourhbs wkii lbbe to ab erdwl rom otcbr


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ebvbiopmblt profbhts kl drbds suhc ds cbditc dle beuhdtkol. R.X. ekp-iomdts scouie dpprodhc Buropbdl dle Dskdl eolors dirbdey dhtkvb kltcbsb sbhtors to mdnb up or tcb scort diis.

Abhdusb Zdsckljtol hdllot skljib-cdlebeiy kltbjrdtb Wdnkstdl kltoDskd, ebvbiopmblt projrdms scouie ab hoorekldtbe wktc Ksidmdadedle R.X. ules scouie ab holektkolbe ol Wdnkstdls prkor ebmol-strdtkol o fflldlhkdi dle poiktkhdi hommktmblt to spbhkfflh profbhts.R.X. o hkdis scouie ab hibdr tcdt dke ks poiktkhdiiy sustdkldaib oliywktckl d hoopbrdtkvb akidtbrdi holtbxt aut scouie dvoke iklnklj ebvbi-opmblt dke to sbhurkty kssubs ovbr wckhc Wdnkstdls hkvkikdl ibdebrsidhn holtroi.

Q B X U QR HU RQ B R . X . W OI K H[ M D N K LJ ARQ B DR H Q DH [

Uo support tcb lbw strdtbjy tcdt rbmovbs Wdnkstdl rom tcb ldrrowD -Wdn holtbxt dle erdws kt klto ebikabrdtkols ovbr wkebr rbjkoldikssubs, tcb R.X. poikhymdnklj aurbduhrdhy scouie ab rbholffljurbe kltcb oiiowklj wdys, stdrtklj kl bdriy 6

Ucb Xtdtb Ebpdrtmblts spbhkdi rbprbsbltdtkvb or D jcdlkstdl dleWdnkstdl (XQDW) scouie trdlsktkol klto d spbhkdi blvoy or D jcdlrbholhkikdtkol. Lol-rbholhkikdtkol XQDW rbspolskakiktkbs, klhiuekljtcb mdldjbmblt o Wdnkstdl poikhy, scouie rbvbrt adhn to tcb Aurbduo Xoutc dle Hbltrdi Dskdl D dkrs (XHD), wcbrb tcby hdl ab iklnbeto d arodebr rbjkoldi dpprodhc. Kl deektkol, ebputy dsskstdlt sbhrb-

tdrkbs kl XHD dle tcb Aurbdu o Bdst Dskdl dle Wdhkfflh D dkrs scouieab spbhkfflhdiiy tdsnbe wktc hoorekldtklj poikhkbs tcdt spdl Bdst dleXoutc Dskd.

Ucb Ldtkoldi Xbhurkty Xtd (LXX) scouie ab strbdmiklbe so tcdt Wdn-kstdl wkii morb iknbiy ab holskebrbe ol kts owl tbrms (rdtcbr tcdl fflrstds d suasbt o tcb D -Wdn djbled) dle ds d pdrt o d arodebr rbjkoldistrdtbjy tcdt klhiuebs Klekd. D spbhkdi dsskstdlt to tcb prbskeblt dlehoorekldtor or Xoutc Dskd wouie ovbrsbb std mdldjklj sbpdrdtb

port oikos or Klekd (diolj wktc Lbpdi, Xrk Idlnd, dle Adljidebsc),Wdnkstdl, dle D jcdlkstdl.


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Ucb O hb o tcb Xbhrbtdry o Eb blsb or Woikhy scouie diso abrbholffljurbe to mdthc tcb Xtdtb Ebpdrtmblt dle LXX. Ucks wouieab dhhompikscbe ay spikttklj tcb port oiko o tcb dsskstdlt sbhrbtdryo eb blsb or Dskdl dle Wdhkfflh sbhurkty d dkrs dle ldmklj d lbwdsskstdlt sbhrbtdry o eb blsb or Xoutc Dskdl sbhurkty d dkrs. Ucblbw dsskstdlt sbhrbtdry wouie cdvb sbpdrdtb ebputkbs or Wdnkstdl,D jcdlkstdl, dle Klekd.


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D rborkbltbe R.X. strdtbjy or Wdnkstdl ks lbhbssdry, tkmbiy, dle morbiknbiy tcdl tcb hurrblt dpprodhc to devdlhb R.X. dkms kl Wdnkstdl dletcroujcout tcb wkebr rbjkol.

Ucrbb dhtors lbhbssktdtb tcb movb dwdy rom d Wdnkstdl strdt-bjy rootbe kl tcb post- / D -Wdn djbled. @krst, R.X. klvoivbmblt klD jcdlkstdl ks wdlklj dle Zdsckljtols hidkms o d iolj-tbrm hommkt-mblt to D jcdlkstdls uturb drb lot hrbekaib. Xbhole, tcb R.X. kltbrbstkl arodebr Dskdl ebvbiopmblts, bspbhkdiiy kl blhourdjklj holtklubebholomkh jrowtc, ks uleblkdaib. D strdtbjy adsbe upol suhc horb R.X.kltbrbsts wkii ab aotc sustdkldaib dle hrbekaib. Uckre, Wdnkstdl wkii hol-

tklub to prbsblt skjlkfflhdlt potbltkdi tcrbdts to R.X. kltbrbsts kl wkebrDskd. D R.X. strdtbjy or Dskd tcdt eobs lot holtbmpidtb Wdnkstdls roibks klhompibtb, dle d R.X. strdtbjy or Wdnkstdl tcdt prkmdrkiy holskebrskts roib kl tcb holtbxt o D jcdlkstdl ks scortskjctbe.

Uo drjub tcdt tcks strdtbjkh sck t ks tkmbiy ks lot to sujjbst tcdt tcbausklbss o D -Wdn ks ffllkscbe or tcdt Zdsckljtol hdl skmpiy movb ol

rom tcb ckjciy proaibmdtkh kssubs o cow to wkle eowl kts mkiktdryprbsblhb dle ibdvb abckle dl D jcdlkstdl wktc tcb jrbdtbst posskaib

prospbhts or sbhurkty dle ebvbiopmblt. Kt ks, cowbvbr, to drjub tcdt toebidy d strdtbjkh sck t wouie oliy bxdhbradtb Wdnkstdls hol uskol daoutkts uturb rbidtkols wktc tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs kl tcb post- brd, tcussowklj houltbrproeuhtkvb klsbhurktkbs.

Morbovbr, tcks ybdrs hkvkikdl dle mkiktdry ibdebrsckp hcdljbs klKsidmdade o br d ldturdi opportulkty to rbtckln dle rblbjotkdtb tcbtbrms o tcb R.X.-Wdnkstdl rbidtkolsckp. Wdnkstdls lbwiy bibhtbe prkmbmklkstbr cds hibdriy skjldibe cks jovbrlmblts ebskrb to ohus ol bho-lomkh ebvbiopmblt, pursub pbdhb ui rbidtkols wktc Wdnkstdls lbkjc-aors (klhiueklj Klekd), dle rbaukie d wornklj rbidtkolsckp wktc tcbRlktbe Xtdtbs. Dii o tcbsb dkms drb holstruhtkvb dle holskstblt wktc dlbw, Dskd-orkbltbe Wdnkstdl strdtbjy.

Holhiuskol


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Holhiuskol

Ucb lbxt sbsskol o tcb rbhbltiy rbstdrtbe R.X.-Wdnkstdl strdtbjkhekdiojub, shcbeuibe to ab cbie kl bdriy , o brs dl kebdi vblub orsblkor R.X. poikhymdnbrs to scdrb pidls dle poikhkbs or Dskd wktctcbkr Wdnkstdlk houltbrpdrts dle to bxpidkl cow tcby pbrhbkvb Wdnk-stdls potbltkdi or d holstruhtkvb roib kl tcosb pidls.13 Ucb ekdiojubscouie klhiueb d sbsskol kl wckhc Xtdtb Ebpdrtmblt o hkdis hcdrjbewktc mdldjklj Bdst Dskdl dle Wdhkfflh d dkrs arkb tcb Wdnkstdlk skebdle rbspole to qubstkols.

Demkttbeiy, tcks lbw strdtbjy prbsblts R.X. poikhymdnbrs wktc blor-mous kmpibmbltdtkol hcdiibljbs. [bt tcb sdmb wouie ab trub o dlyR.X. strdtbjy tcdt dttbmpts to ebdi sbrkousiy wktc Wdnkstdl. Dl Dskd-orkbltbe dpprodhc coies two skjlkfflhdlt devdltdjbs, cowbvbr, wcblhompdrbe wktc tcb stdtus quo. @krst, ds cdre ds Zdsckljtol mdy ffllekt to klhbltkvkzb dle bldaib Wdnkstdls kltbjrdtkol kl Dskds wkebr bho-lomkh suhhbss story, tcb hcdiibljb ks dr ibss edultklj or hostiy tcdldttbmptklj to prop up Wdnkstdls bholomy tcroujc ekrbht R.X. ebvbi-opmblt dsskstdlhb. Bvbl tcb mdsskvb bxpdlskol o R.X. hkvkikdl dssks-tdlhb to Wdnkstdl eurklj tcb bdriy Oadmd demklkstrdtkol to $ . akiikolpbr ybdr (dutcorkzbe ay tcb Nbrry-Iujdr-Abrmdl ibjksidtkol) pdibs kl

hompdrksol to tcb potbltkdi rbsourhbs tcdt houie ab ibvbrdjbe rombxpdleklj Wdnkstdls hommbrhkdi tkbs wktc lbkjcaorklj Dskdl stdtbs,stdrtklj wktc Klekd. Zdsckljtol hdl, dt rbsourhb ibvbis iowbr tcdl tcosbo tcb pdst sbvbrdi ybdrs, cbip to bldaib Wdnkstdls rbjkoldi kltbjrdtkol.Cowbvbr, suhhbss wkii homb oliy k Wdnkstdls ibdebrs diso eo tcbkr pdrt.Ucdt hdllot ab tdnbl or jrdltbe, aut Ksidmdade eobs cdvb jooe rbd-sols to try, daovb dle abyole dly klhbltkvbs Zdsckljtol wouie o br.Ucb rbmdrndaib ebvbiopmblt storkbs rom otcbr pdrts o Dskd scow tcdt

jrowtc-erkvbl trdls ormdtkol o bltkrb sohkbtkbs ks posskaib, bvbl kl tcbscort spdl o d jblbrdtkol.Xbhole, dle fflldiiy, ay bmpcdskzklj trdeb morb tcdl dke dle mdnklj

d hrbekaib hdsb or cow tcb R.X.-Wdnkstdl rbidtkolsckp wkii holtklub tomdttbr ovbr tcb iolj rul, dl Dskd-hbltbrbe strdtbjy or Wdnkstdl wouieab wbii rbhbkvbe kl Wdnkstdl. Ucdt, kl turl, wouie blcdlhb prospbhts orakidtbrdi hoopbrdtkol dhross tcb aodre.


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. Xbb Dsciby F. Ubiiks dle Droop Muncdrfk, bes., Ks d Qbjkoldi Xtrdtbjy Pkdaib kl D -jcdlkstdl? Hdrlbjkb Bleowmblt or Kltbrldtkoldi Wbdhb, , cttp6//hdrlbjkbbl-

eowmblt.orj/fflibs/rbjkoldi_dpprodhc.pe . . Uop Urdeklj Wdrtlbrs, Ebhbmabr , R.X. Hblsus Aurbdu, cttp6//www.hblsus.jov/ orbkjl-trdeb/stdtkstkhs/ckjcikjcts/top/top yr.ctmi.

. Mdfor @orbkjl Coiebrs o Urbdsury Xbhurktkbs, R.X. Ebpdrtmblt o tcb Urbdsury,cttp6//www.trbdsury.jov/rbsourhb-hbltbr/edtd-hcdrt-hbltbr/tkh/Eohumblts/m`.txt.

. Adrdhn Oadmd, Qbmdrns to tcb Dustrdikdl Wdrikdmblt, Wdrikdmblt Cousb, Hdlabrrd,Dustrdikd, Lovbmabr , , cttp6//www.wcktbcousb.jov/tcb-prbss-o hb/ / / /rbmdrns-prbskeblt-oadmd-dustrdikdl-pdrikdmblt> Ckiidry Hikltol, Dmbrkhds Wd-hkfflh Hbltury,@orbkjl Woikhy, Lovbmabr , , cttp6//www. orbkjlpoikhy.hom/drtkhibs/ / / /dmbrkhds_pdhkfflh_hbltury.

. @or morb ol tcb Zcktb Cousbs sbhole-tbrm vkskol or tcb rbadidlhklj, sbb Mdrhc

, , rbmdrns ay Ucomds B. Eolkiol dt cttp6//dskdsohkbty.orj/lbw-yorn/hompibtb-trdlshrkpt-tcomds-eolkiol-dskd-sohkbty-lbw-yorn. Ol tcb bholomkh dspbhts o tcbrbadidlhklj, kl pdrtkhuidr tcb UWW, sbb rbmdrns ay Mkhcdbi @romdl, tcbl ebputy ld-tkoldi sbhurkty devksbr or kltbrldtkoldi dle bholomkh d dkrs, cttp6//hsks.orj/fflibs/dt-tdhcmblts/ _ romdl_tpp_nbylotb.pe .

. Xbb, or klstdlhb, Pkhb Wrbskeblt Fosbpc Akebls rbmdrns ol Dskd-Wdhkfflh Woikhy, Fuiy ,, cttp6//www.wcktbcousb.jov/tcb-prbss-o hb/ / / /rbmdrns-vkhb-prbskeblt-

fob-akebl-dskd-pdhkfflh-poikhy. . @or tcb Ausc demklkstrdtkols drtkhuidtkol o pidls to support Klekds rksb, sbb

Adhnjroule Arkbffllj ay Demklkstrdtkol O hkdis ol R.X.-Xoutc Dskd Qbidtkols,O hb o tcb Xponbsmdl, Mdrhc , , cttp6// - .stdtb.jov/r/pd/prs/ps/

/ .ctm. . Xtbpcbl W. Hocbl bt di.,Ucb @uturb o` Wdnkstdl (Zdsckljtol, EH6 Aroonkljs Klstktu-

tkol Wrbss, ). . Ucb s wbrb mdrnbe ay ek huit ekshusskols o tcks sort. Xbb Focl Z. Jdrvbr,Wro-

trdhtbe Holtbst6 Xklo-Klekdl Qkvdiry kl tcb Uwbltkbtc Hbltury (Xbdttib6 Rlkvbrskty oZdsckljtol Wrbss, ), p. .

. Iksd Hurtks, R.X. Xcouie Wrbss Hckld to Dakeb ay LXJ Quibs ol Wdnkstdlk Luhibdr Ho-opbrdtkol, Cbrktdjb @ouledtkol, Ohtoabr , , cttp6//www.cbrktdjb.orj/rbsbdrhc/rbports/ / /hckld-pdnkstdl-dle-tcb-luhibdr-suppikbrs-jroup-hommktmblts.

. Klekdl prkmb mklkstbr Dtdi Akcdrk Pdfpdybb drjube tcdt Hcklbsb luhibdr dsskstdlhb toWdnkstdl wds d horb hdusb o Klekdl klsbhurkty kl cks ibttbr to Wrbskeblt Hikltol d tbrKlekds luhibdr tbsts. Xbb Luhibdr Dlxkbty> Klekdls Ibttbr to Hikltol Ol tcbLuhibdr Ubstklj, Lbw [orn Ukmbs, Mdy , , cttp6//www.lytkmbs.hom/ / / /worie/luhibdr-dlxkbty-klekdl-s-ibttbr-to-hikltol-ol-tcb-luhibdr-tbstklj.ctmi.

Blelotbs


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Blelotbs

. Vvk Bhnstbkl dle Edlkbi Uskeeol, Mdhrobholomkh Holsbqublhbs o Ubrror6 Ucborydle tcb Hdsb o Ksrdbi, Fourldi o` Molbtdry Bholomkhs voi. , lo. (Fulb ), pp.

.

. @or tcb ekrbht hosts o rbhblt Kleo-Wdnkstdlk mkiktdry moakikzdtkols, sbb Jdurdv Ndm-pdlk, Widhklj tcb Kleo-Wdnkstdlk Xtdleo kl Wbrspbhtkvb, Hbltbr or Lolproik brd-tkol Xtuekbs, Moltbrby Klstktutb o Kltbrldtkoldi Xtuekbs, , cttp6//hls.mkks.beu/rbports/pe s/kleopdn.pe .

. Ol tcb prospbht tcdt wdtbr shdrhkty wkii ibde to Kleo-Wdnkstdlk vkoiblhb, sbb ArdcmdHcbiidlby, Zdtbr6 Dskds Lbw Adttibjroule (Zdsckljtol, EH6 Jborjbtowl RlkvbrsktyWrbss, ), p. .

. @or olb holstruhtkvb vkskol o suhc d strdtbjy, sbb Mdibbcd Ioeck, Zdltbe6 D Ld-tkoldi Xbhurkty Xtrdtbjy,Ucb Lbws, Mdy , , cttp6//www.tcblbws.hom.pn/toedys-lbws- - -wdltbe-d-ldtkoldi-sbhurkty-strdtbjy. Ol copbs tcdt Wdnk-stdls lbw jovbrlmblt mdy ab up to tcb tdsn, sbb Dcmbe Qdscke, Xcdrk @dhbs Rp

to Xdvklj Wdnkstdl @rom Hoiidpsb,@kldlhkdi Ukmbs, Fuiy , , cttp6//aiojs. t.hom/tcb-d-ikst/ / / /scdrk - dhbs-up-to-sdvklj-pdnkstdl- rom-hoiidpsb.

. Ube Oskus, Blcdlhklj Klekd-DXBDL Hollbhtkvkty, Hbltbr or Xtrdtbjkh dle Kl-tbrldtkoldi Xtuekbs, Fulb , cttp6//hsks.orj/fflibs/puaikhdtkol/ _Oskus_Bl-cdlhkljKlekdDXBDL_ZBA.pe .

. Qoe Loreidle, R.X.-Wdnkstdl @rbbzb Hconbs @diiadhn Qoutb kl D jcdlkstdl, Lbw[orn Ukmbs, Fulb , , cttp6//www.lytkmbs.hom/ / / /worie/dskd/us-pdnk-stdl-eksputb-hconbs-dl-d jcdl-suppiy-routb.ctmi.

. Jrbj Mkiibr, Hrdkj Zcktiohn, dle Adrtol Jbiimdl, Uop-Xbhrbt R.X. Kltbiikjblhb @kibsXcow Lbw Ibvbis o Ekstrust o Wdnkstdl,Zdsckljtol Wost , Xbptbmabr , , cttp6//www.wdsckljtolpost.hom/worie/ldtkoldi-sbhurkty/top-sbhrbt-us-kltbiikjblhb-fflibs-scow-lbw-ibvbis-o -ekstrust-o -pdnkstdl/ / / /b e h - a - b -a -

hd _story.ctmi.. Xtrbljtcblklj Our Wdrtlbrsckp, Holtkluklj Our Wrojrbss, RXDKE, Dujust , ,

cttp6//www.usdke.jov/pdnkstdl/usdke-kl-pdnkstdl-rbport. . Houltbr-tbrror Hoopbrdtkol Zktc Klekd Ckjc Wrkorkty6 R.X.,Ucb Ckleu, Fuiy , ,

cttp6//www.tcbckleu.hom/lbws/houltbrtbrror-hoopbrdtkol-wktc-klekd-ckjc-prkor-kty-us/drtkhib .bhb.

. Xulki Nckildlk bt di., Loldikjlmblt . 6 D @orbkjl dle Xtrdtbjkh Woikhy or Klekd kltcb Uwblty-@krst Hbltury, Hbltrb or Woikhy Qbsbdrhc, @barudry , , cttp6//www.hprklekd.orj/wornkljpdpbrs/ -loldikjlmblt- - orbkjl-dle-strdtbjkh-poikhy-klekd-twblty-fflrst-hbltury.

. Mkhcdbi Nujbimdl, @rom Holulerum to Hdtdstropcb? Ldtkoldi Aurbdu o DskdlQbsbdrhc, Mdrhc , , cttp6//www.lar.orj/rbsbdrhc/dhtkvkty.dspx?ke= .

. Xbb rbmdrns ay Ebputy Xbhrbtdry o Eb blsb Dsctol A. Hdrtbr, Hbltbr or Xtrdtbjkhdle Kltbrldtkoldi Xtuekbs, Zdsckljtol, EH, Moledy, Dprki , , cttp6//www.eb-

blsb.jov/spbbhcbs/spbbhc.dspx?spbbhcke= . . Ucks kltbrprbtdtkol ks adsbe ol kltbrvkbws wktc o hkdis dt Wdnkstdls Ldtkoldi Eb blsb

Rlkvbrskty dle Mklkstry o @orbkjl D dkrs, ds wbii ds wktc klebpbleblt dldiysts klKsidmdade, @barudry . @or bxdmpibs o tcks pbrspbhtkvb, sbb diso Mulkr Dnrdm,Xck tklj Dskdl Wkvot,Edwl , Dprki , > Xcbczde Tdzk, Cbejklj Abts6 Zdscklj-tols Wkvot to Klekd,Zorie D dkrs Fourldi , Lovbmabr/Ebhbmabr , cttp6//www.

woried dkrsfourldi.orj/drtkhib/cbejklj-abts-wdsckljtols-pkvot-klekd. . Edlkbi X. Mdrnby, R.X. Xcouie Qbmovb Adrrkbrs to Urdeb Zktc Wdnkstdl, Klekd,Zdsckljtol Wost , Fulb , , cttp6//drtkhibs.wdsckljtolpost.hom/ - - /opklkols/ _ _ldwdz-scdrk -klekd-dle-pdnkstdl-edlkbi-mdrnby.


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Blelotbs

. Ol tcb Kleo-Wdhkfflh Bholomkh Horrkeor, sbb Qoabrt Aidnb, Ucb Dskd Qbadidlhb6 ZcyXoutc Dskd Mdttbrs, tbstkmoly ab orb tcb Cousb @orbkjl D dkrs Hommkttbb, sua-hommkttbb ol Dskd dle tcb Wdhkfflh, @barudry , , cttp6//www.stdtb.jov/p/shd/ris/

rmns/ / .ctm. . Wdnkstdl Wrkvdtb Klvbstmblt Klktkdtkvb idulhcbe,Ucb Ldtkol , Fulb , , cttp6//www.ldtkol.hom.pn/pdnkstdl-lbws-lbwspdpbr-edkiy-bljiksc-oliklb/ausklbss/

-ful- /pdnkstdl-prkvdtb-klvbstmblt-klktkdtkvb-idulhcbe. . Ibsiby Zroujctol dle Mdrkd Joiovlkld, R.X., Wdnkstdl Djrbb to Xtdrt Lbw Hcdp-

tbr kl Iolj-Xtrdklbe Qbidtkols, Qbutbrs, Dujust , , cttp6//www.rbutbrs.hom/drtkhib/ / / /us-usd-pdnkstdl-nbrry-keRXAQB R [ .


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Edlkbi X. Mdrnby ks sblkor biiow or Klekd, Wdnkstdl, dle Xoutc Dskd dttcb Houlhki ol @orbkjl Qbidtkols, wcbrb cb spbhkdikzbs kl sbhurkty dlejovbrldlhb kssubs kl Xoutc Dskd. Cb ks tcb dutcor o lumbrous puaikhd-tkols, klhiueklj d aoon ol tcb uturb o tcb R.X.-Wdnkstdl rbidtkolsckp, Lo Bxkt `rom Wdnkstdl6 Dmbrkhds Uorturbe Qbidtkolsckp wktc Ksidmdade (Hdmarkejb Rlkvbrskty Wrbss, ). @rom to , Mdrnby cbietcb Xoutc Dskd port oiko ol tcb sbhrbtdrys poikhy pidllklj std dt tcbR.X. Ebpdrtmblt o Xtdtb. Wrkor to jovbrlmblt sbrvkhb, cb tdujct kltcb ebpdrtmblt o poiktkhs dt Wrklhbtol Rlkvbrskty, wcbrb cb sbrvbeds bxbhutkvb ekrbhtor o Wrklhbtols rbsbdrhc projrdm kl kltbrldtkoldi

sbhurkty. Bdrikbr, cb wds d posteohtordi biiow dt Cdrvdres Oikl Klstk-tutb or Xtrdtbjkh Xtuekbs. Mdrnby diso sbrvbe ds profbht ekrbhtor o tcbH@Q-spolsorbe Klebpbleblt Udsn @orhb ol R.X. strdtbjy kl Wdnkstdldle D jcdlkstdl. Cb bdrlbe d adhcbiors ebjrbb kl kltbrldtkoldi stue-kbs rom tcb Focls Copnkls Rlkvbrskty dle d eohtordtb kl poiktkhs romWrklhbtol Rlkvbrskty.

Daout tcb Dutcor


45/51


46/51

D`jcdlkstdl D`tbr tcb Erdweowl Xbtc J. Folbs dle Nbktc Hrdlb> HXQ Lo. , Lovbmabr

D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol QbportUcb @uturb o` R.X. Xpbhkdi Opbrdtkols @orhbsIkled Qoaklsol> HXQ Lo. , Dprki

Qb`ormklj R.X. Erolb Xtrknb WoikhkbsMkhdc Vblno> HXQ Lo. , Fdludry D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Houltbrklj Hrkmkldi Pkoiblhb kl Hbltrdi DmbrkhdMkhcdbi Xck tbr> HXQ Lo. , Dprki

D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol QbportXduek Drdakd kl tcb Lbw Mkeeib Bdst@. Jrbjory Jdusb KKK> HXQ Lo. , Ebhbmabr D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Wdrtlbrs kl Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol6 Ucb Rlktbe Xtdtbs dle Kltbrldtkoldi KlstktutkolsWdui A. Xtdrbs dle Mkhdc Vblno> HXQ Lo. , Xbptbmabr D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Fustkhb Abyole Ucb Cdjub6 Xupportklj tcb Wrosbhutkol o` Kltbrldtkoldi Hrkmbs kl Ldtkoldi Hourts

Edvke D. Ndyb> HXQ Lo. , Fulb Ucb Eruj Zdr kl Mbxkho6 Hol`roltklj d Xcdrbe UcrbdtEdvke D. Xckrn> HXQ Lo. , Mdrhc D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

RL Xbhurkty Houlhki Blidrjbmblt dle R.X. KltbrbstsNdrd H. MhEoldie dle Xtbwdrt M. Wdtrkhn> HXQ Lo. , Ebhbmabr Dl Kltbrldtkoldi Klstktutkols dle Jioadi Jovbrldlhb Wrojrdm Qbport

Holjrbss dle Ldtkoldi XbhurktyNdy Nklj> HXQ Lo. , Lovbmabr

Uowdre Ebbpbr Qbeuhtkols kl R.X. dle Qusskdl Luhibdr ZbdpolsMkhdc Vblno> HXQ Lo. , Lovbmabr D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Houlhki Xpbhkdi QbportsWuaikscbe ay tcb Houlhki ol @orbkjl Qbidtkols


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Kltbrlbt Jovbrldlhb kl dl Djb o` Hyabr KlsbhurktyQoabrt N. Nldnb> HXQ Lo. , Xbptbmabr Dl Kltbrldtkoldi Klstktutkols dle Jioadi Jovbrldlhb Wrojrdm Qbport

@rom Qomb to Ndmpdid6 Ucb R.X. Dpprodhc to tcb Kltbrldtkoldi Hrkmkldi HourtQbvkbw Hol`brblhbPkfdy Wdemdldacdl> HXQ Lo. , Dprki

Xtrbljtcblklj tcb Luhibdr Lolproik`brdtkol QbjkmbWdui Ibttow> HXQ Lo. , Dprki Dl Kltbrldtkoldi Klstktutkols dle Jioadi Jovbrldlhb Wrojrdm Qbport

Ucb Qusskdl Bholomkh HrksksFb rby Mdlno > HXQ Lo. , Dprki

Xomdikd6 D Lbw Dpprodhc Arolwyl B. Arutol> HXQ Lo. , Mdrhc D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Ucb @uturb o` LDUOFdmbs M. Joiejbkbr> HXQ Lo. , @barudry Dl Kltbrldtkoldi Klstktutkols dle Jioadi Jovbrldlhb Wrojrdm Qbport

Ucb Rlktbe Xtdtbs kl tcb Lbw DskdBvdl D. @bkjbladum dle Qoabrt D. Mdllklj> HXQ Lo. , Lovbmabr

Dl Kltbrldtkoldi Klstktutkols dle Jioadi Jovbrldlhb Wrojrdm QbportKltbrvbltkol to Xtop Jblohkeb dle Mdss Dtrohktkbs6 Kltbrldtkoldi Lorms dle R.X. WoikhyMdttcbw H. Zdxmdl> HXQ Lo. , Ohtoabr Dl Kltbrldtkoldi Klstktutkols dle Jioadi Jovbrldlhb Wrojrdm Qbport

Blcdlhklj R.X. Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Wdui A. Xtdrbs dle Mkhdc Vblno> HXQ Lo. , Ohtoabr D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Ucb Hdldekdl Oki Xdles6 Blbrjy Xbhurkty vs. Hikmdtb Hcdljb

Mkhcdbi D. Ibvk> HXQ Lo. , Mdy D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport

Ucb Ldtkoldi Kltbrbst dle tcb Idw o` tcb XbdXhott J. Aorjbrsol> HXQ Lo. , Mdy

Ibssols o` tcb @kldlhkdi HrksksAbll Xtbki> HXQ Lo. , Mdrhc D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport

Jioadi Kmadidlhbs dle tcb @kldlhkdi HrksksXtbvbl Euldwdy> HXQ Lo. , Mdrhc D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport

Burdskdl Blbrjy XbhurktyFb rby Mdlno > HXQ Lo. , @barudry

Houlhki Xpbhkdi Qbports


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Wrbpdrklj òr Xueebl Hcdljb kl Lortc NorbdWdui A. Xtdrbs dle Fobi X. Zkt> HXQ Lo. , Fdludry D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Dvbrtklj Hrksks kl RnrdklbXtbvbl Wk br> HXQ Lo. , Fdludry D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Holjo6 Xbhurklj Wbdhb, Xustdklklj WrojrbssDltcoly Z. Jdmaklo> HXQ Lo. , Ohtoabr D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Ebtbrrklj Xtdtb Xpolsorsckp o` Luhibdr Ubrrorksm Mkhcdbi D. Ibvk> HXQ Lo. , Xbptbmabr

Hckld, Xpdhb Zbdpols, dle R.X. XbhurktyAruhb Z. MdhEoldie> HXQ Lo. , Xbptbmabr

Xovbrbkjl Zbditc dle Xovbrbkjl Wowbr6 Ucb Xtrdtbjkh Holsbqublhbs o` Dmbrkhdl KlebatbelbssArde Z. Xbtsbr> HXQ Lo. , Xbptbmabr D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport

Xbhurklj Wdnkstdls Urkadi AbitEdlkbi X. Mdrnby> HXQ Lo. , Fuiy (Zba-oliy rbibdsb) dle Dujust D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Dvokeklj Urdls`brs to UorturbDsciby X. Ebbns> HXQ Lo. , Fulb

Jioadi @EK Woikhy6 Horrbhtklj d Wrotbhtkolkst Erk`tEdvke M. Mdrhckhn dle Mdttcbw F. Xidujctbr> HXQ Lo. , Fulb D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport

Ebdiklj wktc Edmdshus6 Xbbnklj d Jrbdtbr Qbturl ol R.X.-Xyrkd QbidtkolsMold [dhouakdl dle Xhott Idsblsny> HXQ Lo. , Fulb D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Hikmdtb Hcdljb dle Ldtkoldi Xbhurkty6 Dl Djbled òr Dhtkol Foscud Z. Ausay> HXQ Lo. , Lovbmabr D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport

Widllklj or Wost-Mujdab VkmadawbMkhcbiib E. Jdvkl> HXQ Lo. , Ohtoabr D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Ucb Hdsb or Zdjb KlsurdlhbQoabrt F. IdIoleb> HXQ Lo. , Xbptbmabr D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport

Qbòrm o` tcb Kltbrldtkoldi Molbtdry @uleWbtbr A. Nblbl> HXQ Lo. , Mdy D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport


49/51

Luhibdr Blbrjy6 Adidlhklj Ablbfflts dle QksnsHcdribs E. @brjusol> HXQ Lo. , Dprki

Lkjbrkd6 Bibhtkols dle Holtkluklj HcdiibljbsQoabrt K. Qotabrj> HXQ Lo. , Dprki D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Ucb Bholomkh Iojkh o` Kiibjdi Kmmkjrdtkol Joreol C. Cdlsol> HXQ Lo. , Dprki D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport

Ucb Rlktbe Xtdtbs dle tcb ZUO Eksputb Xbttibmblt Xystbm Qoabrt V. Idwrblhb> HXQ Lo. , Mdrhc D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport

Aoikvkd ol tcb Arkln Beudreo D. Jdmdrrd> HXQ Lo. , @barudry D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

D`tbr tcb Xurjb6 Ucb Hdsb òr R.X. Mkiktdry Eksbljdjbmblt @rom KrdqXtbvbl L. Xkmol> HXQ Lo. , @barudry

Edrùr dle Abyole6 Zcdt Ks Lbbebe to Wrbvblt Mdss DtrohktkbsIbb @bklstbkl> HXQ Lo. , Fdludry

Dvokeklj Holkht kl tcb Corl o` D`rkhd6 R.X. Woikhy Uowdre Btckopkd dle BrktrbdUbrrblhb Iyols> HXQ Lo. , Ebhbmabr D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Ikvklj wktc Cujo6 R.X. Woikhy Uowdre Cujo Hcvbzs PblbzubidQkhcdre Idppbr> HXQ Lo. , Lovbmabr D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Qbòrmklj R.X. Wdtblt Woikhy6 Jbttklj tcb Klhbltkvbs QkjctNbktc B. Mdsnus> HXQ Lo. , Lovbmabr D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport

@orbkjl Klvbstmblt dle Ldtkoldi Xbhurkty6 Jbttklj tcb Adidlhb QkjctDidl W. Idrsol dle Edvke M. Mdrhckhn> HXQ Lo. , Fuiy D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport

Hcdiibljbs òr d Wostbibhtkol Mbxkho6 Kssubs òr R.X. WoikhyWdmbid N. Xtdrr> HXQ Lo. , Fulb (wba-oliy rbibdsb) dle Lovbmabr

R.X.-Klekd Luhibdr Hoopbrdtkol6 D Xtrdtbjy òr Movklj @orwdreMkhcdbi D. Ibvk dle Hcdribs E. @brjusol> HXQ Lo. , Fulb

Jblbrdtklj Mombltum or d Lbw Brd kl R.X.-Uurnby QbidtkolsXtbvbl D. Hoon dle Bikzdabtc Xcbrwooe-Qdledii> HXQ Lo. , Fulb

Wbdhb kl Wdpud6 Zkeblklj d Zkleow o` OpportulktyAidkr D. Nklj> HXQ Lo. , Mdrhc D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport



50/51


Lbjibhtbe Eb`blsb6 Moakikzklj tcb Wrkvdtb Xbhtor to Xupport Combidle XbhurktyXtbpcbl B. @iyll dle Edlkbi A. Wrkbto> HXQ Lo. , Mdrhc

D`jcdlkstdls Rlhbrtdkl Urdlsktkol @rom Uurmoki to LormdihyAdrlbtt Q. Quakl> HXQ Lo. , Mdrhc D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Wrbvbltklj Hdtdstropckh Luhibdr Ubrrorksm Hcdribs E. @brjusol> HXQ Lo. , Mdrhc

Jbttklj Xbrkous Daout tcb Uwkl EbfflhktsMblzkb E. Hckll> HXQ Lo. , Xbptbmabr D Mdurkhb Q. Jrbblabrj Hbltbr or Jbobholomkh Xtuekbs Qbport

Aotc Xkebs o` tcb Dksib6 D Hdii òr Akpdrtksdl @orbkjl WoikhyLdlhy B. Qomdl> HXQ Lo. , Xbptbmabr

@orjottbl Kltbrvbltkol? Zcdt tcb Rlktbe Xtdtbs Lbbes to Eo kl tcb Zbstbrl AdindlsDmbikd Ardlhzkn dle Zkiikdm I. Ldsc> HXQ Lo. , Fulb D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

D Lbw Abjkllklj6 Xtrdtbjkbs or d Morb @ruktùi Ekdiojub wktc tcb Musikm ZorieHrdkj Hcdrlby dle Lkhoib [dndtdl> HXQ Lo. , Mdy

Wowbr-Xcdrklj kl KrdqEdvke I. Wckiikps> HXQ Lo. , Dprki D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Jkvklj Mbdlklj to Lbvbr Djdkl6 Xbbnklj dl B bhtkvb Qbspolsb to tcb Hrkskskl Edrùr dle AbyoleHcbryi O. Kjkrk dle Wrklhbtol L. Iymdl> HXQ Lo. , Xbptbmabr

@rbbeom, Wrospbrkty, dle Xbhurkty6 Ucb J Wdrtlbrsckp wktc D`rkhd6 Xbd Ksidle dle AbyoleF. Arkdl Dtwooe, Qoabrt X. Arowlb, dle Wrklhbtol L. Iymdl> HXQ Lo. , Mdy

Deerbssklj tcb CKP/DKEX Wdlebmkh6 D R.X. Jioadi DKEX Xtrdtbjy òr tcb Iolj Ubrm Edlkbi M. @ox dle Wrklhbtol L. Iymdl> HXQ Lo. , Mdy Hospolsorbe wktc tcb Mkiadln Mbmorkdi @ule

Hcdiibljbs òr d Wost-Bibhtkol WckikppklbsHdtcdrkl B. Edipklo> HXQ Lo. , Mdy D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Xtdakikty, Xbhurkty, dle Xovbrbkjlty kl tcb Qbpuaikh o` JborjkdEdvke I. Wckiikps> HXQ Lo. , Fdludry D Hbltbr or Wrbvbltkvb Dhtkol Qbport

Lotb6 Houlhki Xpbhkdi Qbports drb dvdkidaib or eowliode rom H@Qs wbasktb, www.h r.orj.@or morb kl ormdtkol, bmdki puaikhdtkolsGh r.orj.


51/51

Houlhki ol @orbkjl Qbidtkols

23 Bdst 03tc XtrbbtLbw [orn, L[ 47702tbi 141.585.;577`dx 141.585.;377

4::: @ Xtrbbt, LZZdsckljtol, EH 17770tbi 171 27; 3577

Hovbr Wcoto6Ucb Wdnkstdlk dj kbs kl tcb`orbjroule ds soiekbrs rom Hckld dle

Wdnkstdl stdle tojbtcbr d`tbr foklt mkiktdrybxbrhksbs kl Fcbium, iohdtbe kl Wdnkstdls

Wulfda Wrovklhb, Lovbmabr 15, 1744.

(@dksdi Mdcmooe/Hourtbsy o` Qbutbrs)

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