Renault PP Specifications Version 231107 2

8/12/2019 Renault PP Specifications Version 231107 2

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General specifications for 12V SLI Lead Acid batteries Version 1.4, 23/11/2007 1/30

Version 1.4. - 23/11/2007


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

OBJECT ................................................... ............................................................ ........................................................ 4SCOPE................................................... ....................................................... ................................................................ 4APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS....................................................... ........................................................... ................. 4DEFINITION AND ABREVIATION ...................................................... ........................................................... ....... 4

PROCESS SPECIFICATIONS .................................................. ........................................................... ................. 5General ........................................................... ........................................................... ............................................... 6

Process qualification.................................................................. ........................................................... ................. 6Process modifications .............................................................. ............................................................. ................. 6Documentation.................................................................................... ............................................................ ....... 6SPC................................................... ............................................................ ......................................................... 7Identification...................................................... ................................................................ .................................... 8Traceability..................... ........................................................... ........................................................... ................. 8Calibration ............................................................. ............................................................ .................................... 8Acceptability criteria .......................................................... .................................................................. ................. 9Process parameter indicators ....................................................... ................................................................... ....... 9Quality target ......................................................... ........................................................... ................................... 105S....... ........................................................... ........................................................... ............................................ 10Human protection ...................................................... ................................................................. ......................... 11Environment protection ........................................................ ............................................................... ................ 11

Components and material qualification ............................................................... ................................................ 11Technical specifications for each process step......................................................... ............................................ 12

Plastic injection.............................................. ................................................................... ................................... 12Box design specifications for molding injection................................................................................... ............... 12Boxes and lids storage ...................................................... .......................................................... ......................... 13Grids casting ............................................................... ................................................................ ......................... 13Strip rolling...................................................................... .................................................................... ................ 13Expanding............................................................... .................................................................... ......................... 13Plates stacking ............................................................. ............................................................... ......................... 14Curing....................................................... ................................................................ ........................................... 14Plates storage .......................................................... .................................................................... ......................... 15Separator assembly................................................... .................................................................. ......................... 15Quality of welding ...................................................... ................................................................ ......................... 16

Intermediate storage......................................................................... ............................................................... ..... 17COS ........................................................... ........................................................... ............................................... 17Short circuit test.............................................................. ............................................................ ......................... 17Intercell welding ........................................................... .............................................................. ......................... 17Lid welding.................... ................................................................ ............................................................... ....... 18Terminals welding ...................................................... ................................................................ ......................... 18Air pressure test ......................................................... ................................................................. ......................... 18Batteries storage ........................................................... .............................................................. ......................... 18Acid preparation and checking ............................................................... ....................................................... ...... 18First acid filling ......................................................... ................................................................. ......................... 19Formation........................................................................................... ........................................................... ....... 19Hydrometer insertion....................................................... .................................................................... ................ 19Plugs insertion ......................................................... ................................................................... ......................... 19Second acid filling ...................................................................................... ........................................................ 19Washing and drying tunnel ................................................................... ........................................................ ...... 20Dielectric test in finishing line ..................................................................................................................... ....... 20OCV test .......................................................... ................................................................ ................................... 21HRD test .......................................................... ................................................................ ................................... 21Labelling.................................................................... ................................................................ .......................... 21Final control before palletization ..................................................................... .................................................... 21Final control after palletization............. ................................................................ ............................................... 21Final storage ....................................................... .............................................................. ................................... 21Summary of the parameters................................................................ ........................................................... ...... 22

MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................ ........................................................... ..... 23General ....................................................... ........................................................... .............................................. 24Plastic parts........................... ............................................................ .............................................................. ..... 24Lead ............................................................. .............................................................. .......................................... 25Acid .............................................................. ............................................................. .......................................... 25Additives.......................................................... ................................................................. ................................... 25Other materials ............................................................. .............................................................. ......................... 25


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Bushings ................................................................ ........................................................... ................................... 25Labels ........................................................ ................................................................ .......................................... 25

APPENDIXES.................................................... ........................................................... ............................................. 26


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OBJECT

This specification describes the Renault minimum requirements in terms of process methods and

parameters that shall be fulfilled for every battery supplier of a Renault project.

SCOPE

This process control specification applies to all processes for the production of 12V lead acid SLI

batteries.

In the specification, each requirement is quoted according to a degree of flexibility (F0, F1). For

instance:

F0: Not negotiable, the requirement shall be fully complied for SOP.

F1: if the requirement (target) can not be fully complied for SOP, it will be subject of a

commitment of the supplier to reach this target.

If there is no indication, F0 shall be used.

For the main parameters, a matrix resumes the status page 22.

The figure is put in front of each chapter where a parameter is listed in the matrix page 22.

APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

ISO TS 16949 quality management systems - particular requirements for the application of

ISO 9001:2000 for automotive production and relevant service part organizations

Acceptability criteria for 12V SLI Lead Acid Batteries (Renault document).

Production Part Approval Process PPAP Fourth Edition (AIAG)

Measurement System Analysis (AIAG)

DEFINITION AND ABREVIATION

Interpretation Shall

The emphatic form of the verb is used throughout his specification whenever a requirement is

intended to express a provision that is binding. Deviation from a shall requirement may be

considered if sufficient data is supplied to justify the exception.


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General

Process qualification

Reference: ISO TS 16949 7.5.2

Each process shall be qualified, it means:

The criteria for review and approval shall be defined

The equipment shall be approved and the personnel trained and qualified

All the specific instructions shall be available

Evidence of this qualification shall be available on supplier request (operator training, machine

and product capability, machine specification and PV for reception)

Process modifications

Any process change shall be validated by RENAULT according to ANPQP.

Any major change need a new qualification of the batteries (see table page 21)

Each equipment or line (line number) where the Renault batteries are manufactured shall be

declared to RENAULT. Any change shall be validated.

Documentation

Each manufacturing operation shall be described within an instruction.

Documents (could be some extracts of the working instruction) shall be put up on the station

(visual management). All documents shall be managed (creation, validation and modification).


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SPC

SPC has to be used on several process steps:

The minimum process steps monitored with SPC are indicated within the following matrix:

Process Parameter

Oxide milling Free lead

ThicknessStrip rolling

Strip width

WidthExpended grids

Height

Thickness

WidthPunched grids

Height

Plate thicknessCasted gridsPlate weight

Plate weightPasting

Plate thickness

Drying tunel Humidity

Free leadCuring

Humidity

Terminal welding Terminal height

Acid filling Acid level

Final OCV

HRD

The supplier shall use as acceptance criteria for evaluating the processes (See PPAP Fourth

edition from AIAG):

Cpk Interpretation

> 1,67 The process meets the acceptance criteria

1,33 Cpk 1,67The process may be acceptable. Contact the customer

representative for a review of the study results

< 1,33 The process does not meet the acceptance criteria.

Processes with one sided specifications or non normal distributions:

The supplier shall determine with the customer, alternative acceptance criteria for processes.

Tools used for measurement (see Measurement System Analysis from AIAG):

All tools used for product inspection and all process indicators or gauges (temperature displays)

shall be calibrated on a regular basis (yearly).

Gage R&R has to be demonstrated for all tool used for product inspection (i.e. Control Plan).


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Identification

Each battery part (raw material, grids, plates, terminals, plastics parts..) shall be identified in

the storage area and on the manufacturing line thanks to a visible part number (labels, dedicated

areas).

Traceability

The manufacturer shall maintain the full traceability for each battery, it means:

The manufacturer shall be able to recover the date code of all components and raw materials

used in a battery and the manufacturing date , shift and line number (plate assembly, battery

assembly, formation, finishing).

The manufacturer shall recover all the batteries sent to RENAULT made with an identified

part or raw material.

At the minimum the date code of the following products shall be recorded and the supplier shall

recover all the batteries built with a specific lot of material:

Lead for oxide

Lead for strip

Lead for grid (casting)

Lead for Strap (COS)

Acid

Separators

Lids, boxes, plugs

Lot of paste (F1)

Lot of plates after curing(F1)

Lot of lead strip (expending) (F1)

Lot of grids (casting) (F1)

Magic eyes

Calibration

All tools and indicators used during the process (temperature, current, voltage, air or gas pressureindicators), shall be controlled by metrology department at least every year. A visible label shall

indicate the last and next calibration dates.

Tools and equipments which are used during the process to pronounce a status on a battery

(accepted or rejected) must be calibrated by a specific laboratory connected to an accredited

company. The frequency shall be demonstrated.


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Acceptability criteria

The supplier shall write a document describing the acceptability criteria for each process step and

each battery element.

Each criterion shall be defined with:

The target

The limit of acceptation

The defect

Drawing and pictures shall be used. All details shall be mentioned (measurements, ).

Process parameter indicators

All the process parameters (temperature, pressure, duration) shall be set by using a unique set

value (indicated within the work instructions). A tolerances can be add but only used for the

parameter value checking.

Example:

Set value for melting pot:

Best practice Bad practice

Set value Tolerances Set value

440 C +/- 10C 430C to 450C


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Quality target

At least the following indicators shall be put in place on the manufacturing line with quality

targets reviewed every year at the minimum. Those indicators shall be available for Renault.

Operation Indicator

Plastic injection: ppm of defective parts or wasted plastic

Grid casting ppm of defective parts

Expending ppm of waste material

Plates pasting (on stacking station) ppm of rejected plates or weigh of lead

Enveloping ppm of rejected plates or weigh of lead

COS ppm of rejected cells (due to bad COS or bad

enveloping)

ppm of double plates

Short circuit test ppm of rejected batteries

Air leakage test ppm of rejected batteries

Terminal welding ppm of repaired terminals or % of defective

terminalsFormation ppm of batteries out of specif after formation

2ndacid levelling ppm of rejected batteries

OCV ppm of rejected batteries

HRD ppm of rejected batteries

High voltage ppm of rejected batteries

Final inspection ppm of rejected batteries

On all process steps, rejected parts shall be counted and registered.

5S

5S program shall be engaged by the supplier in the entire factory.

All the work stations shall be free of dust and foreign particles. Tools shall be identified on each

station.

All the components (boxes, lids, lead ingots.) shall be identified.

On each line the product in progress shall be identified (at the beginning of the line).

Visual management shall be used on all process steps (acceptability criteria, work

instructionshall be visible on station).


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Human protection

In order to protect employees against lead, acid and chemical, an adapted and strong policy for

human protection shall be implemented.

Standards*:

European:

European directive 82/605/CEE

US standards:

OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Administration)

200 Constitution Avenue, NW

Washington, DC 20210

* Other regulations could be used (local standards).

The supplier shall retain documentation relative to human protection which explains the rules to

be used by the employees. The most important rules are:

To maintain good ventilation on the entire factory

To put in place a specific house keeping on the floors, machines and benches.

Employees shall wear gloves, glasses, mask

Food and beverage shall be forbidden in the production area

Blood monitoring

Environment protection

The supplier shall retain documentation relative to environment protection which explains the

rules to be used in the entire factory.

Material recycling shall be managed and planed.

Components and material qualification

Each supplier, bulk material (lead, acid, chemical) and components (bushing, boxes, lids)

must be chosen and qualified according to automotive standards (like Production Part Approval

Process PPAP).


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Technical specifications for each process step

Each process step is submitted to F1 F0. For the value, please report to the matrix page 21.

Plastic injection

Dielectric test for battery box

A dielectric test shall be performed on the injection points.The process parameters depend on the

origin of the PP sourcing (pure or recycled)see matrix page 21.

Pressure test

In order to detect the possibility of void, specific pressure test shall be applied on 100% of the

boxes (F1). This test shall not impact the box integrity (deformation).

Manual rework of plastic parts

Use of a knife on the welding surface: forbidden

Use of a knife on other areas: allowed but it implies that the dielectric test follows this operation

Box design specifications for molding injection

Injection points positions:

The injection points shall be located on the separation areas (F1).

The size of the injection nozzles shall be reduced (F1)

OKKO


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Boxes and lids storage

The storage conditions shall preserve the boxes and lids against mechanical constraints

(deformation) and dust.

Grids casting

The date of use shall be managed.

A specific label which indicates the minimum and maximum date of use shall be used.

The spray (mould lubricant) shall be qualified.

Strip rolling

The strips shall be stored on specific pallets free of metallic parts or nails which can damage the lead strip.

The date of use shall be managed. A specific label which indicates the minimum and maximum date of

use shall be used.

A maximum of 2 rolls can be superposed on a same pallet.

Expanding

Strip welding (end of roll)

This chapter describes the welding process between 2 rolls during lead strips loading.

Cold welding:

Prior to use the welded strip for expending, a qualification shall be performed to prove the

strength and quality of the welded area.

Hot welding:

The plates made with hot welding strip shall be removed prior to dry (the metal properties have

been changed). The part of the strip shall be identified prior to use (paint for example).

Welding performed with adhesive tape

The plates made the adhesive tapes shall be removed prior to dry. The part of the strip shall be

identified prior to use (paint for example). The identification shall guaranty that all grids made

with non homogeneous metal are removed.

Strip cleanliness:

During the replacement of the rolls, the strip shall not touch the ground to avoid any pollution

with foreign material.


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Line start up

During each star up of the line, the quality of the grid can be poor (broken wires). A specific

process shall be applied in order to identify, inspect and remove all defective part of the grid strip

before drying.

Stretch test on grids:

A mechanical strength shall be applied on the grid. The method shall be described and the

Renault acceptability criterias shall be respected (no broken wire).

For example:

Plates stacking

All defective plates shall be removed from the pallets before going to curing. A specific attention

shall be paid concerning the manual handling and the use of a robot (to avoid folded corners,

bended wires).

Curing

The target is computerized chambers with automatic temperature and humidity control (F1)

In case of manual management, the temperature and humidity shall be controlled (recorded) on

regular basis

After curing a specific test shall be performed on plates in order to verify the paste adherence on

grid.

Vibration test is recommended.

Test parameters and acceptability criterias shall be described for each method.

+ 15 %


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Plates storage

The stored plates in a pallet shall not be in contact with the upper pallet.

Storage conditions shall be defined within an instruction. They shall preserve the plates against

mechanical constraints (bending, folded corners).

If the pallets are iron made, a specific surface treatment shall be applied to avoid any iron oxide.

The traceability shall be maintained during storage. FIFO shall be put in place.

Separator assembly

Separator rolls storage shall avoid any mechanical constraint and pollution.

When the roll is loaded on the equipment, the PE strip mustnt touch the ground.

A specific optical or mechanical mechanism shall be used on the equipment in order to avoid

double plates.

The PE strips used for enveloping shall be free of defect (holes normally identified with spray

marks), or the enveloping equipment shall be able to detect the holes or spray mark and stop the

production in order to remove the strip impacted.


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Quality of welding

A specific test shall be performed on the welded separators. This test shall be defined within an

instruction.

We show a specific test as an example, any other method can be proposed.

The process shall be characterized (SPC analysis and Cpk calculation). The target and tolerances

shall be set and used for the test.

One method (for example)

The welding strength shall be defined

X kg

50

mm

Welding


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Intermediate storage

In order to avoid any manual handling operation an automatic conveyor shall be used between

the stacking machine and the COS machine (removal of the intermediate storage) (F1)

COS

Lugs fluxing shall be checked on a regular basis on real plates (regular fluxing on all lugs, height

of flux along the lugs).

The flux shall be referenced and qualified.

The COS quality shall be checked by performing a longitudinal cross section on a strap. Lug

penetration, quantity and size of bubbles shall be specified.

Short circuit test

The voltage applied shall be between 0,8 kV and 1,4 kV.

Each defective element shall be analysed in real time in order to react on the line. The defects

shall be recorded in real time and a target shall be defined.

The handling procedure used for defect detection shall be described within an instruction.

After short circuit detection, when no defect is found during the manual analysis, the complete

cell impacted shall be replaced.

Intercell welding

The equipment shall be calibrated. In case of technical impossibility, the calibration shall be

replaced by an experiment plan performed on a yearly basis (in order to determine the right

parameters value).

The parameters (current, pressure) shall be determined by performing an experiment plan.

A specific shear test shall be performed. This test can be destructive (performed on a regular

basis) or non destructive (performed on 100 % basis). In this case, it shall be demonstrated that

this test does not damage the intercell welding.


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Lid welding

The machine parameters (temperature, duration) shall be defined for each reference of lid and

box and that for each different material used (if it is the case). An experiment plan shall be

conducted in order to define the best set of parameters.

The design of the couple lid/box shall be done in order to avoid any shift which is more than of

the box wall thickness.

The lid shall be cut in order to check the welding on all the surfaces in contact. The observation

of small parts of the lid is not enough. The cells shall be inserted in order to be representative to

the real conditions. A complete battery shall be cut at least each shift.The acceptability criteria shall be defined.

Terminals welding

Terminal welding shall be performed with an automatic machine which authorizes time and

temperature control.

The height of the welded area shall be defined with a min and max value.

The max value is indicated in order to avoid any conicity problem or rough terminal surface.

The min value acts on the mechanical strength and current capacity.

The height of terminals shall be measured by automatic machine on 100% of the batteries.

Manual rework (welding) or second welding is forbidden.

Air pressure test

100% of the batteries shall be tested for leakage (air pressure test). The conditions are defined in

the matrix page 21.

Batteries storage

Batteries storage shall be described within a specification. The storage conditions shall preserve

the batteries (terminals) against mechanical constraints. A separator shall be used between two

levels of batteries. No more than 3 batteries layers shall be stacked.

Acid preparation and checking

A digital densimeter (hydrometer) shall be used for all acid inspection.

The temperature shall be specified and checked.


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First acid filling

The system shall avoid any overflow of acid.

Formation

The formation room shall be well ventilated. Specific plugs shall be used to avoid any acid

overflow.

Specific plugs shall be used in order to avoid any overflow of acid (F1)

The formation program shall be controlled by a computerised system.

A water cooling system shall be used (F1).

The temperature of the acid shall be monitored in real time.

A temperature sensor shall be used for each circuit of batteries (F1)

The historic of each formation run has to be kept for one year (current, voltage and temperature).

The maximum temperature of the acid during formation shall be 65C max.

Straps used to connect the batteries shall be verified on a regular basis. The shape of the

connections shall preserve the terminals against mechanical damages, sparks, and black marks (if

presence of acid).

Storage shall avoid any foreign material into the batteries (iron oxide, .).

Hydrometer insertion

The hydrometer shall be set with an automatic machine (manual hammer is forbidden), or by

using a calibrated electrical screw driver (F1).

Plugs insertion

If screwed plugs are used, calibrated electrical screw driver shall be used.

Second acid filling

This station requires a 100% automatic level control device independentfrom the filling and

levelling device with level measurement tolerances of +/- 2mm. Renault asks for a capability

study of the device.

If the washing is performed with temporary plugs, the height of acid inspection shall be

performed after washing (F1).


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Washing and drying tunnel

The station is automatic and requires a continuous ph monitoring for the rinsing tank.

The temperature of the water shall be checked.

No trace of liquid is permitted on finished batteries (F0).

Dielectric test in finishing line

The test is performed 100% for the bottom and for the lid to box weld. The conditions are defined

in the matrix page 21.


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OCV test

This control is automatic and with a 100% frequency OCV compared with minimum and

maximum voltage thresholds. The thresholds are set in order to ensure the batteries to respect the

Renault delivery conditions.

100 % of all the OCV values shall be recorded.

HRD test

The control is automatic and with a 100% frequency.

The test shall be performed at constant current (F1).

The minimum discharge current is defined as follows:

Discharge Current: 0,6 Icc I HRD Icc

The min voltage shall be defined

The maximum discharge capacity during HRD test mustnt represent more than 1% of the

nominal capacity.

100 % of all the values shall be recorded

Labelling

The reference and label location on the batteries shall be defined within a drawing or

specification. The label position shall be defined with tolerances.

Final control before palletization

The inspection of the plugs, labels and magic eye is performed by a video camera.

All batteries shall be inspected on 100% basis (visual).

Final control after palletization

A final inspection shall be performed on each pallet (visual and electrical). A specific check list

shall be used according to the control plan.

Final storage

The batteries shall be stored inside in order to protect them against dust, sun, rain and extreme

temperature.


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Summary of the parameters

Process steps Parameters F0 F1 Supplier

statusFr pure PP:

10kV 5%X

30kV 100% X

Dielectric test for injection point

For recycled PP:

30kV 100%X

Pressure test 100 % of the boxes are checked X

Box design versus injectionpoints

The injection points shall be located on the separationareas

X

Curing Automatic chambers (computerized system) X

Double plate detection XSeparator assembly

An automatic conveyor is used for transportation to theCOS station.

X

Short circuit test Voltage shall be between 0,8 kV to 1,4 kV X

100% leakage control with the following parameters:

Test Pressure 250 mbar X

Test Pressure 300mbar X

Acceptable pressure drop 10mbar X

Air pressure test for green

batteries

Acceptable pressure drop 5mbar X

Specific plugs shall be used to avoid acid overflow X

Water cooling X

Computerized system X

Formation

Temperature monitoring on each circuit X

Hydrometer Manual hammer is forbidden X

Second acid filling : level measurement tolerances = +/- 2mm. X

Acid level checking Independent machine X

Washing and drying Ph monitoring of the last bath X

The test is performed 100% for the bottom and for the

lid to box weld- With the following features :

Duration 2s Voltage 6kV X

Dielectric test in finishing line :

Duration 2s Voltage 12kV X

This control is automatic and with a 100% frequency XOCV test

The values are recorded in order to perform SPC X

The control is automatic and with a 100% frequency

- The minimum discharge current is defined as follows:Discharge Current: 0,6 Icc IHRD Icc

X

HRD test :

The values are recorded in order to perform SPC X


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MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS


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General

Material modification

All material shall be declared by the supplier. Any modification of material reference or material

supplier, qualification tests shall be performed again following the matrix page 21.

If the material modification impacts the process (ie for lid and boxes), the process qualification

shall be demonstrated.

Plastic parts

Boxes, lids, plugs, double lids:

Poly propylene polyethylene (P/E):

Flammability:

All material shall be 94V0 or equivalent standard.

Mechanical and chemical properties:

Incoming inspection shall be performed on P/E on regular basis. The sampling rate and frequency

shall be justified by the supplier. For a minimum, the following material specifications shall be

given and checked during incoming inspection by the supplier.

Melt flow index

Hardness

Elongation strength

Recycled materials

The percentage of recycled material shall be mentioned by the supplier (IMDS file)

Mechanical and chemical properties shall be given for recycled material.

All finished materials build with recycled P/E shall be fully compliant with the RNDS 36 11 000

(last revision).

Additional tests to be performed:

Dielectric test at 100% of the product

See process specifications for parameters.

Storage conditions

The storage conditions shall preserve the plastic parts against water, dust and mechanical

constraints (indoor only).


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Lead

Lead composition and impurities shall be declared by the supplier. The materials mentioned

within the matrix (appendix 27) shall be checked during incoming inspection by an adapted

method.

The sampling methodology shall be defined (number of samples, number of ingots). Each

sample shall be identified (lot number, date).

Acid

Acid composition and impurities shall be declared by the supplier. The materials mentioned

within the following matrix shall be checked during incoming inspection by an adapted method.

Additives

For all additives, general specifications shall be provided by the supplier. The materials

mentioned within the following matrix shall be checked during incoming inspection by an

adapted method.

Other materials

The specifications of all materials used in the batteries construction shall be defined:

Spray for casting (grid, COS)

Separator

Pasting paper

Demineralised water

Flux for COS

Bushings

Bushings shall be made with cold forged process.

The brand and reference shall be provided by the supplier. Any modification of the bushing

supplier, reference, needs to be declared to Renault and new batteries qualification to be

provided.

Labels

Labels shall be resistant to solvent test, acid and UV (see RNDS standard).


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APPENDIXES

Material composition matrixes


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Lead composition:

Lead for

oxide

Lead for

COS

Lead for

Expending

(positive)

Lead for

Expending

(negative)

Recycled

Calcium

AluminumAntimony

Arsenic

Tin

Silver

Iron

Copper

Nickel

Cobalt

Zinc

Bismuth

Cadmium

Manganese

Silica

Platinum

Vanadium

Titanium

Tellurium

Calcium

Actinium

Selenium

Mercury


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Acid composition:

Material and impurities Acid 1 Acid 2

Iron

Sulfurous acid

Antimony and Arsenic

Manganese

NitratesAmmonium

Chloride

Platinum

Organic matter

Fixed residues

Zinc

Selenium

Nickel

Copper

Cobalt

Al

Vanadium

Cadmium

Chromium

Mercury

Other metals (total)


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Additives composition:

Material, impurities,

properties

Fibers Carbon

black

Vanisperse BaSo4 Sodium

sulphate

Others

Iron

Antimony and Arsenic

ManganeseNitrates

Ammonium

Chloride

Platinum

Organic matter

Fixed residues

Zinc

Selenium

Nickel

Copper

Cobalt

Al

Vanadium

Cadmium

Chromium

Separators:

Parameters Specifications

Width

Thickness

Electrical resistance

Elongation

Puncture resistance

Volume porosity

Acid weight loss

Shrinkage

Oil content

Iron

Manganese

Copper

Chloride

Defect per rolls (spray marks)


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Pasting paper


Weight / m

Thickness

Tensile strength

Air permeability

Demineralised water:


pH

Electric conductivity

Impurities (chloride and heavymetals)

Flux for COS


Flux reference

Thinner reference

Other material
