Remember this?Remember this?

What famous event is What famous event is shown here?shown here?

The Atom BombThe Atom Bomb

President Harry S. TrumanPresident Harry S. Truman’’s s decision in 1945 that decision in 1945 that

ultimately led to Japanultimately led to Japan’’s s surrender & the end of surrender & the end of

World War II…World War II…

LetLet’’s review events leading s review events leading up to this decision…up to this decision…

December 7, 1941: Pearl December 7, 1941: Pearl HarborHarbor

On December 7, On December 7, 1941 American 1941 American sailors at Pearl sailors at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, Harbor, Hawaii, awoke to the sounds awoke to the sounds of screaming sirens.of screaming sirens.

Rushing to their Rushing to their posts, they saw a posts, they saw a sky full of Japanese sky full of Japanese planes.planes.

Within minutes, Within minutes, 2,500 American lives 2,500 American lives were lost. (film clip)were lost. (film clip)

December 8, 1941December 8, 1941

The US The US entered World entered World War II and War II and fought on the fought on the side of the side of the Allies, against Allies, against Japan and also Japan and also against Hitler against Hitler and Germanyand Germany

FDR SpeechFDR Speech

FDRFDR’’s Speech: Analysiss Speech: Analysis

1.1. What information does FDR share What information does FDR share about the nature of Japanabout the nature of Japan’’s attack s attack on Pearl Harbor?on Pearl Harbor?

2.2. Based on the speech, how do you Based on the speech, how do you infer FDR felt?infer FDR felt?

3.3. How do you imagine Americans felt How do you imagine Americans felt hearing this speech?hearing this speech?

4.4. What do you think was the purpose What do you think was the purpose of this speech? Effective?of this speech? Effective?

Internment CampsInternment Camps After the Pearl Harbor bombing, many After the Pearl Harbor bombing, many

Americans viewed Japanese Americans with Americans viewed Japanese Americans with suspicion and fear.suspicion and fear.

To quiet fears, President Roosevelt issued To quiet fears, President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066Executive Order 9066, which ordered the , which ordered the army to round up 110,000 Japanese army to round up 110,000 Japanese Americans living in America and placed them Americans living in America and placed them in internment camps.in internment camps.

Forced to sell their homes, businesses, and Forced to sell their homes, businesses, and personal possessions in a matter of days, the personal possessions in a matter of days, the government ordered them to report to government ordered them to report to evacuation centers and then moved them to evacuation centers and then moved them to inland fenced areas, away from the coasts of inland fenced areas, away from the coasts of California, Oregon, and Washington.California, Oregon, and Washington.

Two-Thirds were Two-Thirds were citizens. Half were citizens. Half were childrenchildren

It was not until It was not until 1988 that the 1988 that the federal government federal government apologized for this apologized for this violation. violation.

Congress paid Congress paid $20,000 to each $20,000 to each living Japanese living Japanese American who had American who had been confined in been confined in the camps.the camps.

Camps: Student ReactionCamps: Student Reaction

1.1. Were you surprised to learn that America Were you surprised to learn that America had created such camps? Why/why not?had created such camps? Why/why not?

2.2. Why do you think the American Why do you think the American government made such a decision?government made such a decision?

3.3. What historical events can you compare What historical events can you compare AmericaAmerica’’s Japanese internment camps s Japanese internment camps to?to?

4.4. Why is it wrong to single people out Why is it wrong to single people out based on their ethnicity, culture, or based on their ethnicity, culture, or religion?religion?

Tule Lake, in northern Tule Lake, in northern California, was one of the California, was one of the most infamous of the most infamous of the internment camps. internment camps.

Prisoners there held Prisoners there held frequent frequent demonstrations and demonstrations and strikes, demanding strikes, demanding their rights under the their rights under the U.S. Constitution.U.S. Constitution.

A Closer Look: Tule LakeA Closer Look: Tule Lake

At its peak, Tule Lake held 18,789 internees. At its peak, Tule Lake held 18,789 internees.

Tule Lake was also Tule Lake was also one of the last camps one of the last camps to be closed, staying to be closed, staying open until March 20, open until March 20,

1946. 1946.

Tule LakeTule Lake

The first internees were moved into Topaz in September, The first internees were moved into Topaz in September, 1942, and it was closed in October, 1945. At its peak, 1942, and it was closed in October, 1945. At its peak,

Topaz held 9,408 people in barracks of tarpaper and wood. Topaz held 9,408 people in barracks of tarpaper and wood.

Topaz, UtahTopaz, UtahThe single internment camp located in Utah was at Topaz, The single internment camp located in Utah was at Topaz,

sixteen miles west of Delta, Utah. Named for a nearby sixteen miles west of Delta, Utah. Named for a nearby mountain, Topaz was in the middle of an area charitably mountain, Topaz was in the middle of an area charitably

described as a "barren, sand-choked wasteland."described as a "barren, sand-choked wasteland."

ReflectionReflection: What lessons can we learn from : What lessons can we learn from this part of history?this part of history?

Remembering HistoryRemembering History

Cemetery shrine at Manzanar

site

““That Damned FenceThat Damned Fence””

1.1. Where is the poet when he/she Where is the poet when he/she writes this poem? Why is he/she writes this poem? Why is he/she there?there?

2.2. What is the tone of the poem? What is the tone of the poem? What emotions does the poet What emotions does the poet express?express?

3.3. What conditions exist in the camp?What conditions exist in the camp?

4.4. Explain the meaning of the last Explain the meaning of the last two lines of the poem.two lines of the poem.