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New York State Lab
Relationships and Biodiversity
Pre-lab Review
Evolution
• Gradual change over time• If two organisms share similarities, they are likelyrelated – share a commonancestor• The more similarities, themore closely related
Evidence of Evolutionary Relationships
• Structural evidence:– Comparative anatomy• Homologous structures• Vestigial structures
– Comparative embryology
Evidence of Evolutionary Relationships
• Molecular evidence:– Comparative Biochemistry• Similar pigments (in plants)• Similar enzyme-controlled chemical reactions• Similarities in DNA structure• Similar proteins
Structural Evidence in Plants• External structure• Seeds• Internal structure:– Conducting tissue – carries materials– Xylem – carries water and nutrients– Phloem – carries food
Molecular Evidence in Plants• Pigments – absorb light• Chromatography – lab technique to separate
pigments in plants
Molecular Evidence in Plants• Enzymes – speed up chemical reactions• Enzymes are specific
Molecular Evidence in Plants – Enzymes
Molecular Evidence in Plants
• Gel electrophoresis – labtechnique to separatefragments of DNA fromorganisms
Molecular Evidence in Plants – Gel Electrophoresis
Molecular Evidence in Plants• Similarities in DNA code for amino acid
sequence in particular proteins
Molecular Evidence in PlantsProtein Synthesis
Molecular Evidence in Plants